[HN Gopher] Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021
        
       Author : OrangeTux
       Score  : 201 points
       Date   : 2021-10-04 10:42 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nobelprize.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nobelprize.org)
        
       | parsimony wrote:
       | The TRPV1 and TRPV8 receptors are fascinating. Genetic variants
       | in these receptors explain why we experience things differently.
       | https://www.geneticlifehacks.com/are-you-a-spicy-food-wimp/
        
       | OskarS wrote:
       | Seems to me like maybe a more worthy recipient of this prize
       | might be the vaccines that are currently saving hundreds of
       | million of people from dying in the worst pandemic in a century?
       | You know, the miracle vaccines that were developed many times
       | faster than any other vaccine in history? The ones that (despite
       | being perfectly safe, effective, and arguably the greatest
       | achievement in medicine since antibiotics) are subject to an
       | epidemic of skepticism, where a Nobel Prize could really help?
        
         | mlang23 wrote:
         | I stopped taking the nobel prize seriously when they awarded
         | the peace nobel prize to Obama.
        
           | OskarS wrote:
           | The Peace Prize has it's fair share of whoppers (Henry
           | Kissinger!), but the science ones are usually not quite that
           | clueless. This oversight though, this one is pretty baffling
           | to me.
        
           | Kelteseth wrote:
           | We live in a world where the Nobel Peace Prize winner, bombed
           | another Nobel Peace Prize winner.
           | 
           | - https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/08/world/asia/obama-
           | apologiz...
        
           | jeltz wrote:
           | Isn't that exactly why they should not give a prize for mRNA
           | vaccines. The Norwegian Nobel Committee (the people who hand
           | out the peace prize) has a history of handing out the prize
           | too early (Obama, Arafat, etc) while the Swedish Research
           | Council are much more cautious when handing out prizes.
        
             | OskarS wrote:
             | I don't think it's too early to say that the vaccines
             | deserve it, given what they have already accomplished.
        
               | jeltz wrote:
               | I am sure people said the same for lobotomy back when
               | Moniz won the prize. I am personally all for the mRNA
               | vaccines and am vaccinated with Pfizer myself but I
               | understand why they are cautious when handing out prizes.
               | What harm is there in waiting a few years?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | nairboon wrote:
           | The peace prize is also very different from the science
           | prizes. The peace prize is handed out by politicians (members
           | of the Norwegian parliament), whereas the science prizes are
           | handed out by scientists.
        
             | tephra wrote:
             | The members of the peace committee are _selected_ by
             | Stortinget but no member of the committee currently serves
             | as a member of parliament (although some are former
             | members/politicians).
        
         | MontyCarloHall wrote:
         | In general the Nobel committee really dislikes awarding
         | scientific prizes to applied research. People have been
         | pointing out for years that they ignore this at their own
         | detriment [0].
         | 
         | [0] https://www.nature.com/articles/nmat2602
        
       | siva7 wrote:
       | I would have appreciated this year's one going for mRNA vaccine
       | research as this would have been clearly the one to meet Nobel's
       | will.
        
         | evanb wrote:
         | mRNA vaccines could also be eligible for the chemistry prize
         | (which is often a biology prize in disguise).
        
         | benrapscallion wrote:
         | That's a chemistry prize and most likely will happen in the
         | next 2-3 days. Typically technologies are rewarded in chemistry
         | whereas basic science (physiology) is rewarded in medicine.
        
         | T3RMINATED wrote:
         | mRNA kills humans whats wrong with you
        
         | mongol wrote:
         | I think it is very likely that it will be rewarded, just not
         | this year. Some time need to pass, and even though the
         | discovery should be rewarded, it also needs to be figured out
         | who to reward it to. Probably there are more than 3 contenders.
        
           | bduerst wrote:
           | I would bet money that there is one awarded in the next 10-15
           | years.
           | 
           | Nobel prizes are notorious for not being reactionary, and
           | waiting for the full effects of the work to be realized -
           | i.e. GFP tagging awarded the nobel prize 16 years after it
           | was first used.
           | 
           | mRNA vaccination technology is just getting started, the
           | impact of which will likely be on the level of penicillin.
        
             | akiselev wrote:
             | It might take even longer, though the all encompassing
             | impact of the pandemic might bring it to the forefront.
             | Although there are outliers, at this point the average time
             | from discovery to Nobel recognition is over 20 years for
             | the most recent prizes: https://www.economist.com/graphic-
             | detail/2020/10/09/the-nobe...
        
         | refurb wrote:
         | It's not a popularity content. Nobel prizes are typically not
         | given until several years after the work is complete and enough
         | time has passed to fully appreciate the significance of it.
         | 
         | I'd say it's a bit early for mRNA vaccines.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | On the one side, you are correct and it's only last year /
           | this year that mRNA vaccines have seen widespread adoption.
           | 
           | On the other, mRNA research goes back to the 80's, and mRNA
           | vaccine research goes back twenty years; these facts are
           | often overlooked by the "it was developed too fast" crowds.
           | 
           | That said,
           | 
           | > It's not a popularity content.
           | 
           | And yet, they gave Obama the Nobel Peace Prize the year he
           | was elected, without any merit or achievements to back it up.
           | That decision was politically motivated. Same with giving it
           | to Al Gore for his climate activism. They even tried to
           | nominate Hitler in 1939, albeit in jest.
        
             | dcgudeman wrote:
             | The Nobel Peace prize has always had political motivations
             | that have reduced it's credibility. Last year it was
             | awarded to the "World Food Programme" and in 2001 it was
             | awarded to the "United Nations". It's best view the peace
             | prize separately.
        
             | chucky wrote:
             | The Nobel peace prize is handed out by a different
             | committee compared to the other prizes, so how its handled
             | should generally not be seen as an indicator for the other
             | Nobel prizes.
        
               | bumby wrote:
               | Does that go for the "Nobel" prize in economics as well?
        
               | chucky wrote:
               | I don't know and I don't care about that faux prize.
               | 
               | The Peace prize is handled by a special Norwegian
               | committee in accordance with Nobel's wishes, so it has
               | its own everything (including its own ceremony), while
               | the other prizes are all under the same umbrella in some
               | form (although I believe the scientific subcommittees
               | doing the acual awarding are independent).
        
               | adolph wrote:
               | They could probably expand brand awareness by creating a
               | NobelX prize for locally popular Nobel-esque work.
        
               | jeltz wrote:
               | Yes, it is not even a Nobel price.
        
             | bacro wrote:
             | >On the other, mRNA research goes back to the 80's, and
             | mRNA vaccine research goes back twenty years; these facts
             | are often overlooked by the "it was developed too fast"
             | crowds.
             | 
             | I am on that camp, that it was developed too fast and I do
             | not think people should be mistreated because they think
             | that. After all, there has been some adverse effects for
             | some of the people who took it (like the auto-immune
             | disease for the Janssen vaccine or thrombosis that caused
             | some deaths in women who were taking the pill at the same
             | time). I am not against vaccines in general, I am just
             | worried that, as there is clearly an economic interest in
             | rushing things up, that some bugs may still be on these
             | vaccines that will need to be fixed. We have no idea of the
             | long-term effects these vaccines have, unless someone has
             | invented a time-machine and gone to the future. When
             | concrete, well-made studies have been made that these
             | vaccines are safe long-term and effective, I do not see why
             | should someone not take it. Until then, I will wait at the
             | comfort of my home.
             | 
             | After all, even if I took the vaccine, I would also
             | continue to spread the virus just as someone who did not
             | take it.
             | 
             | Another point is: How deadly is this vaccine to someone who
             | is healthy? Is that value so big that we should rush to
             | take not fully tested vaccines? I would get that criticism
             | if there was a rate of 20, 30% of guaranteed death to
             | someone who contracted the virus. At these current values?
             | I think I will take my chances.
        
               | silvester23 wrote:
               | What I fail to understand is how you seem to think that
               | you can can assess the risks associated with contracting
               | the virus better than the risks associated with getting
               | the vaccine.
               | 
               | At this point, so many more people have received the
               | vaccine than have contracted the virus that I think it's
               | fairly safe to say that we know much more about how
               | people react to the vaccine than the virus (which also
               | keeps mutating unlike the vaccine).
               | 
               | It's true that we don't _know_ the long-term effects of
               | the vaccine but
               | 
               | 1) my understanding is that medically speaking, a few
               | weeks after the shot every trace of the actual vaccine is
               | gone from the body and all that remains is that your
               | immune system has learned how to fight the virus and
               | 
               | 2) we certainly do not know the long-term effects of the
               | virus either
               | 
               | So unless you are in a position where you can completely
               | seal yourself off and be sure you will not get the virus,
               | it's a choice between getting vaccinated and getting the
               | virus. Considering what I wrote above, to me that is an
               | obvious choice.
        
               | bacro wrote:
               | > What I fail to understand is how you seem to think that
               | you can can assess the risks associated with contracting
               | the virus better than the risks associated with getting
               | the vaccine.
               | 
               | As I said, I cannot. Actually, nobody can. What I do know
               | is:
               | 
               | - A vast majority of who gets the virus does not die or
               | get any effects. - A lot of people who die of Covid-19
               | has a comorbidity factor of 4 (Which means suffers from 4
               | comorbidities). - I am 40 years old and no other
               | comorbidities than a very light asthma. I eat well and
               | try to do some exercise (but not as much as I would like,
               | for sure). - There are no studies of long-term effects of
               | getting the vaccines or getting the virus. - Anyone who
               | took the vaccine can be infected and spread the virus
               | just as someone who is not vaccinated. - Things that are
               | made under political/financial pressure rarely get right
               | the first time.
               | 
               | So, with this data, for me it is logical for people to
               | wait if they can. If they have comorbidities or are old,
               | then it is another story.
        
               | bumby wrote:
               | > _A vast majority of who gets the virus does not die or
               | get any effects._
               | 
               | To the OP's point, the same can be said about the
               | vaccine. Their point being, because of the
               | transmissibility of the virus, it's fairly safe to assume
               | that most people leading normal lives will be exposed to
               | the virus at some point so the choice is whether or not
               | to be exposed while vaccinated or not. There seems to be
               | less uncertainty around the vaccine than the virus, so
               | the risks are better known.
        
               | bacro wrote:
               | Both of these scenarios are possible (among others,
               | obviously):
               | 
               | - I take the vaccine and either die or have a side-effect
               | for life because of some unknown related to my body. - I
               | contract the virus and have no symptoms at all.
               | 
               | Nobody knows which one will happen to each individual.
               | That woman that took the vaccine and died one day later?
               | We will never know if she was better off without taking
               | the vaccine and having the virus instead. Our body is too
               | complex to predict that right now.
               | 
               | I find it particularly amusing that people that question
               | the vaccines safety are being treated as idiots that know
               | nothing about science. Like, never the scientists were
               | wrong before or the big pharma/government never had their
               | own interests in their mind. I guess it is easier to
               | attack us than to have a rational conversation.
        
               | wombatpm wrote:
               | 43 million US Covid cases to date 700k deaths
               | 
               | 393 million doses of the vaccine have been administered
               | in the US
               | 
               | I think the safety of the vaccine has been established.
               | You are welcome to take whatever risks you want. Just
               | because you have been lucky so far, doesn't make it the
               | correct approach. If you really believed it was no big
               | deal, you'd run out and get COVID. Instead, you hope your
               | luck will hold. Thing about luck is that it always runs
               | out.
        
               | bacro wrote:
               | How many of those 700k deaths are from people with 3 or 4
               | comorbities?
               | 
               | If you remove that from the equation, it would give a lot
               | lower number I am sure. Now compare this with the flu.
               | Would these people with comorbities die if they catch the
               | flu? Do you absolutely know they wouldn't?
               | 
               | If you have comorbidities, by all means, take the shot.
               | If you do not have comorbidities and want to take the
               | shot as well, fine it is your body, you can do whatever
               | you want with it that does not put me in danger. I, for
               | instance, want to take the shot only when I know for sure
               | it won't affect me. After all, the city where I live was
               | one of the firsts that got Covid cases and it got so bad
               | that the city was in complete lockdown and at the time
               | there was no guidance for masks usage. So, I went to
               | supermarkets, pharmacies, whatever at that time with no
               | mask and if I had to bet, I would bet that I already got
               | covid and was asymptomatic.
        
               | wombatpm wrote:
               | COVID has been fatal to people without comorbidities. The
               | fact that you have a respiratory issues and want to take
               | a chance with a respiratory disease shows you are just
               | counting on your luck. I wish you well
        
               | bacro wrote:
               | Has the flu been fatal to people without comorbidities?
        
               | bumby wrote:
               | I have no personal umbrage if somebody weighs the risk
               | and decides against the shot. What's confusing is when
               | people only acknowledge one side of the risk equation and
               | couch it as some sort of risk-based decision.
               | 
               | > _I, for instance, want to take the shot only when I
               | know for sure it won 't affect me._
               | 
               | That's fine. What's incongruent is when it's followed up
               | with the sentiment below.
               | 
               | > _I went to supermarkets, pharmacies, whatever at that
               | time with no mask_
               | 
               | I don't quite understand the logic. You don't want the
               | shot because the risk uncertainty is too great. Yet you
               | have no problem (likely, in your words) exposing yourself
               | to the disease at a frame when there was little data
               | about it and the uncertainty was also great. Now that
               | there's more data, the uncertainty is even more in favor
               | of the vaccine being safer than the disease.
               | 
               | Again, I don't really care if people don't want to get
               | the vaccine on a personally level. But, absent of some
               | grand conspiracy, don't try to rationalize that decision
               | as some pragmatic risk-based analysis. If you do think
               | its riskier due to some large conspiracy that, too, will
               | need some data to back it up. Make peace with the fact
               | its an emotionally based decision and not a data-driven
               | one and move on.
        
               | bacro wrote:
               | At the time, there was no guidelines to use the mask.
               | Actually, people still thought that masks would be worse
               | than not using at the time. This was at the beginning of
               | the pandemic.
               | 
               | This has to be an emotional decision as well, I am not a
               | doctor, I have to follow my gut before there is data to
               | analyze.
        
               | bumby wrote:
               | I don't think anybody is disagreeing here to the level
               | insinuated. The OP's point wasn't that the vaccine has no
               | risk. It's that both choices have risks, but since
               | there's more data regarding the vaccine, there is less
               | uncertainty about the risks.
               | 
               | With most of the population (possible exception being
               | teenage males, the last I looked, regarding myocarditis),
               | the same outcomes are prevalent regarding the virus as
               | the vaccine, but at lower probabilities with vaccine.
               | Since risk = severity x probability, that generally makes
               | the risk of the vaccine lower.
               | 
               | Questioning a vaccine is prudent and doesn't make someone
               | an idiot. But sometimes there does seem to be a
               | conflation of ideas regarding risk, data, and
               | uncertainty.
        
               | xattt wrote:
               | You may be conflating the mRNA vaccine with viral vector
               | ones.
        
               | bacro wrote:
               | Not at all. Here is the news of a woman who died after
               | getting the Pfizer's vaccine: (In Portuguese)
               | https://politica.estadao.com.br/blogs/estadao-
               | verifica/gover...
               | 
               | The news say that it was unrelated to the vaccine and it
               | was a heart attack. However, I do not believe in
               | coincidences and am very skeptical that the vaccine has
               | not had some effect on this. Note that she died 1 day
               | after getting the vaccine.
        
               | rmu09 wrote:
               | Such "anecdotal evidence" doesn't say much per se.
               | 
               | In austria, a women died of a heart attack while waiting
               | in line to be injected. Just imagine what would have
               | happend if the heart attack would have happened 30
               | minutes later, it would have been very hard to convince
               | people the heart attack was not related to the
               | vaccination.
        
               | bacro wrote:
               | Sure it does not, but it does not say that it was not
               | from the vaccine as well.
               | 
               | I am also very distrustful of our government influence in
               | investigations after covid vaccines. The government wants
               | the vaccine to work so that it can go back to normality
               | and not have to worry about the impending financial
               | crisis that would come faster if there was no vaccine.
               | 
               | How do I know that other people that died after getting
               | the vaccine were not from a side effect of it? How can I
               | be sure that these numbers are 100% correct? How can I be
               | sure that all those covid deaths are really from covid
               | and not something else unrelated to it? I am not saying
               | that the vaccines are responsible for 20, 30% of the
               | deaths or something like that, but there is the incentive
               | from the government to not provide the real picture of
               | these numbers (if they are not ridiculous numbers of
               | course).
               | 
               | As in tech, be very distrustful of everything version
               | 1.0. It always has some bugs to iron out ;)
        
               | GuB-42 wrote:
               | 6 billions vaccine doses have been injected, about 1% of
               | the world population dies every year, doing simple math,
               | it means about 160000 people should die less than one day
               | after getting the vaccine from unrelated causes. Heart
               | attacks are a common cause of death, if not the most
               | common, at around 1/4. It means 40000 of these deaths
               | should be heart attacks.
               | 
               | That's enough for me to believe in coincidences.
        
               | jeltz wrote:
               | If you did not confuse them why did you mention the
               | Jansen vaccine which is vector based and uses DNA rather
               | than mRNA?
        
               | bacro wrote:
               | That was only to make a point that it was a vaccine that
               | was developed very fast and had some (nasty) side-effects
               | and that we should be careful not to rush things out. But
               | rest assured that the second example I gave about the
               | woman who died, died after taking the Pfizer vaccine.
        
               | rmu09 wrote:
               | Janssen vaccine is vector based, not mRNA like Pfizer
               | Comirnaty or Moderna.
               | 
               | Although vaccinated people can be infected and even
               | spread the virus, the disease is usually mild, amount of
               | infectious virus and the time they are infectious is much
               | smaller. And that is no speciality of covid
               | immunizations, other vaccines like measles or influenza
               | also don't prevent infection, but aim to prevent the
               | disease.
               | 
               | The "not fully tested" meme is nonsense, many hundred
               | million people have been vaccinated in the meantime, the
               | safety profile is known.
               | 
               | Regarding long time effects beside immunity of vaccines,
               | this interview https://lexfridman.com/vincent-racaniello/
               | goes into some detail. TLDL: there is nothing to
               | expect/fear.
        
               | bacro wrote:
               | > Although vaccinated people can be infected and even
               | spread the virus, the disease is usually mild, amount of
               | infectious virus and the time they are infectious is much
               | smaller.
               | 
               | I confess I haven't watched that video yet, but I believe
               | there are not any studies that claim that "amount of
               | infectious virus and the time they are infectious is much
               | smaller". But I will watch it later and see if something
               | new came up. I claim this because not long ago, our prime
               | minister was infected after being fully vaccinated and
               | had to be at home for 10 days before coming back to work.
               | 
               | Like I said, I am healthy and can work from home, so I
               | have the luxury of waiting a little while to make my
               | decision. After all, I am only affecting myself with this
               | decision. A lot of people die from smoking/drinking
               | alcohol as well, should we prevent them from getting it?
        
               | beerandt wrote:
               | Part of the Israeli study showed that the viral
               | count/load of breakthrough infections was not
               | significantly lowered compared to non-breakthrough
               | infections.
        
               | rmu09 wrote:
               | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01316-7
               | 
               | I know of one other study (can't find it at the moment
               | though) that specifically looked not for CT value but if
               | they are able to infect cells. The outcome was something
               | like vaccinated people do replicate virus, but the spikes
               | of those viruses are (mostly) deactivated by antibodies
               | and therefore not as infectious as virus obtained from
               | unvaccinated people. In rt-PCR tests you can't really
               | distinguish infectious from deactivated virus.
        
               | howinteresting wrote:
               | Every death is a tragedy.
               | 
               | The correct null hypothesis is that in the counterfactual
               | world where those people had gotten the virus rather than
               | the vaccine, they would have ended up dead anyway.
        
             | dahfizz wrote:
             | The Nobel Peace Prize has been nothing but a meme for a
             | while. The science prizes are still respected, and if they
             | want them to stay that way then they should continue to
             | award them based on science and not politics.
        
           | bacro wrote:
           | Funnily enough, Egas Moniz was given the nobel prize in
           | medicine for the lobotomy procedure. He claimed it helped the
           | mentally ill. How scientific was that? XD
        
             | ethanbond wrote:
             | Lobotomy is still used and it is still "scientific"...
             | 
             | We luckily have better treatments available for almost
             | every scenario, but it's definitely still a tool in the
             | toolbox. Same with electroshock therapy. We can be thankful
             | for advancements without being dismissive of some of the
             | less ideal steps along the way.
        
               | bacro wrote:
               | Saying that lobotomy was good for mentally-ill people
               | seems not very good science to me. Some people agree that
               | he should be de-Nobelized (which I agree): https://www.th
               | eguardian.com/education/2004/aug/02/highereduc...
               | 
               | Disclaimer: I am portuguese.
        
               | siva7 wrote:
               | There is a great quote from Norbert Wiener about the
               | procedure:
               | 
               | "[P]refrontal lobotomy ... has recently been having a
               | certain vogue, probably not unconnected with the fact
               | that it makes the custodial care of many patients easier.
               | Let me remark in passing that killing them makes their
               | custodial care still easier."
               | 
               | I've studied medicine but i'm not aware that it is still
               | taught as a "tool in the toolbox" in the modern medical
               | community.
        
               | ethanbond wrote:
               | Yeah, I think we can agree that it should not be used the
               | way that it was historically.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | ramraj07 wrote:
           | What exactly have this years Nobel research been significant
           | for? Like in real terms?
        
             | cinntaile wrote:
             | Check out the image in their scientific motivation to see
             | where this has played a role.
             | https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2021/10/press-
             | medicine202...
        
               | ramraj07 wrote:
               | You can write lists like that for pretty much half the
               | genes in the genome. If you ask a pharma company to rank
               | order genes they would like to get exclusively as targets
               | these would be ranked in 4 digits if not 3. There's a
               | reason no lab bothered to discover it for so long.
               | 
               | Sydney Brenner said in the 60s that they already
               | discovered all there is to molecular biology and leave
               | the details to the "Americans" (1). These are the
               | details. This work would have been pedestrian back in the
               | 60s, it's downright boring at this point. When people ask
               | why science sucks today this is a great example. Not that
               | this research was performed, of course someone had to at
               | some point. But that people have been led to believe this
               | is worth of celebration at this level.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.hobertlab.org/how-the-worm-got-started/
               | and https://www.genetics.org/content/165/4/1633
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | cinntaile wrote:
               | I guess Sydney suffered from scientific hubris, it
               | happens to the best of us ;)
               | 
               | What can I say. Next year there'll be a new price, maybe
               | you'll be more impressed with next year's choice.
        
               | ramraj07 wrote:
               | Sydney might be proud and vain but his statement of
               | relevance here was not due to that. Scientists are
               | supposed to constantly try and indemnify what's hard and
               | important and pursue those fields. He said that statement
               | because back then he believed the important fields to
               | explore were developmental biology and neuroscience. More
               | recently he wrote an editorial suggesting how a field
               | like connectomics would be the equivalent new, exciting,
               | important field would be.
               | 
               | The celebration of mediocrity with Nobels for no real
               | reason except probably politics (I sat near to the Nobel
               | cabals in lectures these candidate prize winners will
               | come give talks at) isn't in the interest of science or
               | progress is all.
        
           | Tomte wrote:
           | That's the current practice, but siva7 is right in regards to
           | timing and Nobel's will:
           | 
           | "to be distributed annually as prizes to those who, during
           | the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to
           | humankind." (https://www.nobelprize.org/alfred-nobel/full-
           | text-of-alfred-...)
        
             | refurb wrote:
             | If you look back it's usually a decade or more before a
             | discovery gets a Nobel prize. Which makes sense, since it's
             | relevance isn't usually immediately apparent.
        
               | dustintrex wrote:
               | Yes, but you'd be hard put to argue that there was an
               | invention that got more benefit for humanity than mRNA
               | vaccines in 2021.
        
               | refurb wrote:
               | Considering we're about half way through an epidemic with
               | new variants on the horizon I'd argue it's a little early
               | to start patting ourselves on the back?
        
               | dustintrex wrote:
               | It's not a silver bullet, but there are millions of
               | people who are not dead now because they got vaccinated.
        
         | ChemSpider wrote:
         | I agree, but I guess the challenge here is who are the 3
         | scientists to credit? Katalin Kariko is certainly one of them,
         | but who are the other two? Weissman? Ugur Sahin? Ozlem Tureci?
         | Ingmar Hoerr? Noubar Afeyan? And then there is the weirdo guy
         | that calls himself "mrna vaccine inventor"?
         | 
         | I guess the committee needs another 1-2 years time to decide on
         | that, with the benefit of hindsight.
        
           | benrapscallion wrote:
           | If you look at the past awards, the Nobel committee prefers
           | awarding those who published the earliest, fundamental
           | results. Even if it was published in some obscure non-English
           | language journal (see the artemisinin prize, for example).
        
           | OskarS wrote:
           | They've given it to organizations before (Doctors Without
           | Borders won in 1999). Give it to Pfizer, Moderna and Oxford
           | University then. Or "front line COVID-workers" or something.
           | Exactly who gets it is not the main point, the main point is
           | rewarding this incredible achievement in medicine (both the
           | science of it, but also the work in testing, manufacturing
           | and delivering it to patients).
        
             | evanb wrote:
             | MSF won the peace prize, not a science prize. Science
             | prizes have not gone to organizations; if there were ever
             | an opportunity to break that tradition it was with the
             | discovery of the Higgs (the 2013 prize) and they didn't.
        
             | ginko wrote:
             | >Doctors Without Borders won in 1999
             | 
             | That was the Nobel Peace Prize. I'm not sure if the same
             | applies to the Nobel Prize in Medicine.
        
             | ChemSpider wrote:
             | > They've given it to organizations before
             | 
             | No, never (You are confusing it with the Peace Nobel)
        
             | icegreentea2 wrote:
             | The Nobel Prize typically rewards basic research, not
             | applied - look up who got the prize with respect polio
             | vaccines if you're curious.
        
               | ChemSpider wrote:
               | Good point. In this case Katalin Kariko and Weismann are
               | the frontrunners.
        
               | Arete314159 wrote:
               | I've really been holding out hope for K. Kariko. She put
               | up with such monumental struggles. Obviously the MRNA
               | Covid vaccine is a huge "prize" and vindication for her,
               | but I'd love to see even more. She deserves it.
        
         | satisfice wrote:
         | I can only assume they are waiting until next year to be sure
         | how the vaccine picture shakes out. MRNA vaccines are clearly
         | safe and effective, and have saved countless lives, but with
         | the dopey politics in Sweden about Covid, I am not really that
         | surprised.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | chucky wrote:
           | As a Swede, I feel like I need to point out that this comment
           | seems misinformed on so many levels:
           | 
           | - the Nobel prize in medicine is not handed out by the
           | Swedish government, so any dopey politics would not influence
           | the Nobel prize. Rather, it is handed out by Karolinska
           | Institutet (https://www.nobelprize.org/about/the-nobel-
           | assembly-at-karol...)
           | 
           | - Sweden's handling of Covid has not been particularly
           | influenced by politics, it's been run by the government-
           | appointed experts (that were appointed before Covid broke
           | out), so the "dopey politics" referred to have never really
           | been politically motivated.
           | 
           | I don't think there's any reason for connecting Sweden's
           | Covid response with who got the Nobel prize in Medicine this
           | year.
        
         | ACS_Solver wrote:
         | That's what I was hoping to see, an award to Kariko and
         | Weissman for their mRNA research. I'm sure they'll get the
         | Nobel within the next few years, but it would have been
         | appropriate to award it now. The Nobel Committee doesn't rush
         | the prizes, and they don't generally go to new research, but
         | mRNA would be a very justified exception. We're currently in
         | the worst pandemic in a century, and over the last ten months
         | we've seen how the mRNA vaccines provide amazingly high
         | protection against hospitalization and death.
        
           | causi wrote:
           | I have to say, awarding it for mRNA research could easily
           | save lives by turning a few of the vaccine-hesitant.
        
             | jeltz wrote:
             | Turning the Nobel Prize political does not seem like a good
             | thing even if the cause is noble this time.
        
             | nairboon wrote:
             | I somewhat doubt that anti-vaxxers even care about the
             | Nobel Prize.
        
             | bacro wrote:
             | As I said in another comment, Egas Moniz won the Nobel
             | prize in medicine for the lobotomy procedure for mentally-
             | ill people!!
        
             | rpmisms wrote:
             | How? Pretty sure scientists praising other scientists isn't
             | what those people are looking for.
        
         | pibechorro wrote:
         | They can just take the nobel they censored from ivermectin and
         | attribute it to the mrna shots, no? /S
        
           | thecopy wrote:
           | Who are they and how did they censor?
        
             | kibwen wrote:
             | The parent is sarcastically suggesting that there is a
             | conspiracy to suppress ivermectin for use in treating
             | covid. Ivermectin won the 2015 Nobel for its use in
             | treating roundworm parasites. (Just to be maximally clear,
             | covid is a virus, not a parasite.)
        
               | beerandt wrote:
               | Plenty of medicines are used for multiple things. Just
               | because something is labeled X, doesn't preclude it from
               | also being effective at Y.
               | 
               | I'm not claiming that ivermectin is effective or not, but
               | there is an incentive in preventing any FDA approved
               | treatments from being used against COVID:
               | 
               | emergency authorizations (including the current "full",
               | "non-emergency" authorization that is contengent on the
               | completion of ~12 additional detailed studies over the
               | next 3 years) are only allowed by law if no FDA approved
               | medicine is available as an alternative treatment.
               | 
               | The fact that other, still experimental medications and
               | vaccinations are allowed is proof that the FDA doesn't
               | consider the current "non-emergency" vaccine
               | authorization to be a "fully" authorized one.
               | 
               | The full authorization of any new or existing medication
               | would preclude all other experimental treatments from
               | being used under emergency authorization.
        
       | matsemann wrote:
       | I like how they always present the work in a readable way for
       | laymen. Look forward to the various awards each year just because
       | it's interesting to dive into all the different stuff. The talks
       | are also often worth a watch.
        
         | harscoat wrote:
         | eg. Explaining topology with bread donut and bretzel
         | https://phys.org/news/2016-10-nobel-physics-prize-awarded-to...
        
       | Mindwipe wrote:
       | Are there useful possibilities opened up by increased
       | understanding of how the touch receptors work? I can imagine that
       | our ability to manipulate those more effectively could have a lot
       | of useful applications.
        
       | sz4kerto wrote:
       | I believe Nobels for mRNA vaccines will come next year or in the
       | year after. There's no urgency when it comes to awarding Nobel
       | Prizes.
        
         | Zitrax wrote:
         | Related: Here is an article investigating the delay between
         | discovery and award:
         | https://physicstoday.scitation.org/do/10.1063/PT.5.2012/full...
         | 
         | As can be seen there the delay is often measured in decades.
         | For medicine many awards around 20 years or more after
         | discovery.
        
         | giarc wrote:
         | Some urgency since they don't give the award to people that
         | have passed away.
        
           | tiborsaas wrote:
           | Katalin Kariko is 66 now and not 99 ;)
        
       | chrisweekly wrote:
       | Mods: title typo "Discoveres" -> Discoverers
        
       | docdocgoose wrote:
       | I appreciate that some Nobel selections, like this one, are for
       | core biological discoveries rather than hot topics.
       | 
       | How our bodies perceive / interface with the world is fundamental
       | to our human experience: Pain, temperature, positioning. And that
       | these perceptions can be significantly modulated by how our
       | bodies process them (eg pain).
       | 
       | Not only is their actual body of work impressive, as it cuts
       | across so many methodologies to get a glimpse at "how things
       | work," their discoveries opened up fields for others.
        
         | ramraj07 wrote:
         | Hard disagree. These are for lack of better word standard
         | discoveries that the high intensity labs discover with pretty
         | much standard methodologies and no Innovations worthy of a
         | Nobel. Of course we have receptors for heat and touch, and of
         | course someone eventually found them. What's original in that
         | process? This is not RNAi, or CRISPR, or GFP. One of the more
         | underwhelming Nobels in recent times. Somehow worse than
         | superresolution.
        
           | snambi wrote:
           | Nobel prize seems like a marketing agency to me.
        
           | baktubi wrote:
           | Hard disagree your hard disagree.
           | 
           | If you throw a vase in the air it will fall down and shatter:
           | like, duh it's gravity. But how many years to figure the
           | equations? To tie the how/why to the obvious?
           | 
           | Don't trivialize their work because your work didn't receive
           | a Nobel. K thanks.
           | 
           | These discoveries could be game changers for prosthetics,
           | brain computer interfaces, augmented reality, etc.
        
             | ramraj07 wrote:
             | I'm trivializing their research based on their inherent
             | triviality. Any new gene could be game changers for a
             | plethora of ailments. The correct gravity comparison would
             | be trying to celebrate someone finding the value of g in
             | Oxford when the original measurement was in London.
             | 
             | I didn't say I am sour I didn't get one. When did a film
             | critic need an Oscar before he could criticize moviemakers?
        
           | suchow wrote:
           | The criteria for winning the prize depend more on the outcome
           | of the research (importance) than its process (originality):
           | 
           | "The said interest shall be divided into five equal parts,
           | which shall be apportioned as follows: /- - -/ one part to
           | the person who shall have made the most important discovery
           | within the domain of physiology or medicine ..." (Excerpt
           | from the will of Alfred Nobel)".
        
             | ramraj07 wrote:
             | Again, why are these genes more important than say, GM-CSF?
             | That gene has 10 times more therapeutic importance than
             | these genes. I can name 500 genes more important for any
             | practical purpose than these genes. That's the reason none
             | of the early scientists were scrambling to discover them.
        
               | soheil wrote:
               | Something as fundamental as heat and pressure are not
               | important? I don't have a biology background, but
               | learning that we just discovered these genes gave me the
               | impression that we're still living in the stone age.
               | Kudos to the award recipients for discovering the genes
               | responsible.
               | 
               | It's probably that much harder to find these genes
               | responsible for such basic sensory abilities that so much
               | work must have gone into them if not for their lack
               | therapeutic importance as you suggest, but also for the
               | prestige scientists knew they would receive if they did
               | discover them first.
        
               | ramraj07 wrote:
               | You are absolutely right that it's dumb that it took so
               | long for us to have discovered these receptors so late.
               | Consider for a second though that this might be a symptom
               | of a fundamental myopia in the way biological science
               | itself has progressed? That perhaps we have been
               | congratulating people for the wrong thing - discovering
               | expected genes instead of finding new ways to do
               | everything faster or finding things that are completely
               | unexpected. As much as heat and pressure sound like
               | fundamental senses (they are), they aren't very high on
               | the priority list of basically anyone trying to do
               | biology with applications in mind. Heat receptors don't
               | cure cancer or cystic fibrosis. Or Covid.
        
               | Duller-Finite wrote:
               | TRP channels were first cloned over 20 years ago, and are
               | indeed medically relevant for nociception and pain. The
               | piezos are equally relevant; knockouts are embryonically
               | lethal, and the function of mechanosenstation in
               | somatosenation and in general continue to be elucidated.
               | For instance, it was only a few years that they were
               | identified as being required for the baroreceptor reflex.
        
               | COGlory wrote:
               | >I can name 500 genes more important for any practical
               | purpose than these genes.
               | 
               | The arrogance of this statement is astrounding. Perhaps
               | you didn't mean it to come off that way?
               | 
               | First of all, these are important genes - extremely
               | important genes, because they are a large part of the
               | basis of that whole "response to stimulus" thing that
               | people are pretty fond of associating with life.
               | 
               | That said, regardless of their actual importance, it's
               | pretty remarkable for anyone to say any gene is important
               | or not important considering how little we actually know
               | about biological processes. I see all the time people
               | doing "omics" work and wanting to jump to conclusion
               | because of data, but data-only makes a relatively blind
               | conclusion. There's still far far more unknown than
               | known, and these genes are fundamental genes for starting
               | to actually build a functional model of human biology.
               | They are boilerplate genes.
        
       | dav_Oz wrote:
       | Before it gets hijacked by zealots on both side in saving or
       | depopulating the planet. It was a quite conservative pick given
       | the complexities and interwovenness of discoveries in a given
       | field: Citation Index and some fundamental property (TRPV -->
       | Temperature/Heat/Pain & PIEZO--> Touch/Proprioception), it was
       | relatively easy to pinpoint those two (no pun intended).
       | 
       | The mRNA technology would not be so clear cut in terms of persons
       | involved since it had to go through many hurdles. There are two
       | illustrative roadmaps [1][2] (And yes, Malone et al. was a early
       | contributor as well (1989)[3])
       | 
       | [1]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7554980/bin/ijm..
       | . [2]https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-
       | static/image/... [3]https://www.pnas.org/content/86/16/6077
        
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