[HN Gopher] Black mamba venom is 'better painkiller' than morphi...
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Black mamba venom is 'better painkiller' than morphine (2012)
Author : ScottMann
Score : 86 points
Date : 2021-10-02 11:46 UTC (11 hours ago)
(HTM) web link (www.bbc.com)
(TXT) w3m dump (www.bbc.com)
| stephencanon wrote:
| Can't feel pain if you're dead.
| [deleted]
| mrestko wrote:
| The title is not good--lots of meds are betting than
| morphine...that's why we have all the other opioids:
| hydromorphone, fentanyl, remifentinil, sufentinil, oxycododone,
| etc.
|
| If you look at the Nature abstract linked from the news article,
| all they claim there is that the analgesic effects can be, "as
| strong as morphine."
|
| This also a protein which is inherently more expensive and
| difficult to turn into a drug compared with a small molecule.
| Symbiote wrote:
| Also diamorphine (heroine), which has several advantages over
| morphine and is used medically outside the USA.
| samhw wrote:
| Yup, it's used widely in end-of-life care here in the UK (I
| remember my mum once saying to me, when we were discussing
| euthanasia, that there's no doctor in the country who hasn't
| 'accidentally' given a little too much diamorphine to someone
| who was on the verge of death and in pain).
|
| It's useful, but I imagine it's tainted in the US by the
| association with street heroin - somewhat curiously, since
| fentanyl apparently hasn't been tainted by its recreational
| associations.
| stordoff wrote:
| I've no idea how often it is done with the intent to end
| life, but doctors are legally allowed to give doses of
| medication that may hasten death, providing their intention
| is only to relieve pain and suffering -
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_v_Adams_(1957)
|
| It can be argued[1] that only doses that are virtually
| certain to cause death lead to liability for the death, so
| no doubt there is some overlap between doses given to
| relieve pain and those that quicken death.
|
| Diamorphine is also sometimes used for labour pain.[2]
|
| [1] https://www.uhs.nhs.uk/HealthProfessionals/Clinical-
| law-upda...
|
| [2] https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/labour-and-birth/what-
| happens/p...
| rich_sasha wrote:
| For a popular magazine that seems fine... analgesic as strong
| as morphine + fewer side effects = better overall ... no?
| trutannus wrote:
| It's fine, morphine is used as a 'standard' for opiate and
| other pain killer efficacy. So often that the term 'morphine
| equivalency' exists in medical documents.
| mrestko wrote:
| It's hard to know what the side effects are since it hasn't
| been tested in humans and is not in a form where it would be
| a useful drug. We've had plently of promising drugs turn out
| to have unexpected and sometimes devestating side effects
| when tested in humans.
| goldenkey wrote:
| Those drugs aren't better, in my experience, as a chronic pain
| patient. Morphine is way less addictive, longer lasting, with
| fewer side effects. Not to mention, it's natural, one of the
| main alkaloids from poppy. Now, I'm not a dolt who thinks
| natural is better. However, most synthetics are strictly worse
| from a therapeutic standpoint. This view is based on my
| experience with them and from my discussions with other
| patients. From what I understand, the synthetics are pushed on
| patients for incentives. I had to pretty much demand morphine
| instead of oxy. Thanks Sackler family!
|
| Morphine XR (MSCont) is also pushed instead of normal morphine,
| again, I think for similar reasons. Although on the surface, it
| might seem like an XR would be helpful. Instead it just causes
| more constipation and doesn't give a great absorption profile.
|
| Morphine IR 30mgs taken throughout the day pretty much
| vaniquished my pain. These days though, I use Kratom, Mitragyna
| Speciosa. It's as effective as morphine with less side effects.
| I also try to work out every day. Having strong muscles in the
| painful areas seems to help with the pain, either due to
| increased blood flow or perhaps for other reasons.
|
| Nucynta (Tapentadol) was the most effective synthetic opioid I
| ever used but without insurance it cost me $3000 a bottle.
| Kratom is cheap as dirt even without insurance. $70-80 buys 1
| kilo / 2.5 pounds of the ground up leaf. I have enough kratom
| in my cabinets to last a covid apocalypse.
|
| You can get lab tested Kratom that is cGMP certified these
| days. I have nothing to gain by providing this information,
| just happy I found a pain reliever that is sustainable and
| doesn't require talking to a doctor playing a drug pusher every
| month.
|
| Lots of people have had bad experiences with kratom giving them
| headaches/nausea. This is largely due to poor quality kratom
| from head-shops and gas stations or from consuming excessive
| doses. Never buy Kratom that isn't lab tested with GC/MS. And
| don't take too much of any opioid unless you want motion
| sickness.
| yung_steezy wrote:
| I've read that that stuff is bad for your liver. Worth
| keeping an eye out for signs of jaundice.
|
| https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitragyna_speciosa#Liver_toxic.
| ..
| goldenkey wrote:
| Thank you. Most of that, like plant protein powders, is due
| to heavy metals in the soil the plant is grown in, or
| adulterants. I've been using Kratom for over 5 years with
| no elevated liver enzymes. It's actually made me healthier
| since it, like other dark green leafy vegetables, has many
| micronutrients and minerals.
|
| NEVER buy kratom from a gas station or head-shop. That's
| likely where most of incidents stem from.
| samhw wrote:
| To anyone reading this: please ignore what this person is
| saying. Addicts will rationalise everything, and blame
| every negative side-effect on 'adulterants' or 'low-
| quality supply' or other varieties of 'stuff I would
| _never do_ myself, compared to my perfect and healthful
| regimen '. Kratom is not good for you.
| goldenkey wrote:
| It's a pain relieving plant. You got problems mate. Go to
| the nearest pain clinic and start your protest there.
| Make sure you slap the opioids out of every patient's
| hands who are suffering from chronic pain. Call them an
| addict for kicks, even when they have a perfectly normal
| life.
| gremloni wrote:
| Kratom is such a terrible overall experience. I did it
| recreationally a few times and it's always headaches and
| nausea the next day in some kind of hangover that lasts
| multiple days.
| goldenkey wrote:
| Lots of people have had bad experiences with kratom giving
| them headaches/nausea. This is largely due to poor quality
| kratom from head-shops and gas stations or from consuming
| excessive doses. Never buy Kratom that isn't lab tested
| with GC/MS. And don't take too much of any opioid unless
| you want motion sickness.
|
| There are lots of strains as well. You may have had a
| racier green strain. Red Mae Daeng would be closer to a
| conventional opioid.
|
| Don't listen to /u/samhw. He clearly has no understanding
| of what it is to use something therapeutically versus in a
| maladaptive way. I on the other hand have a pre-med degree.
|
| With any drug comes a bit of risk of addiction or
| dependency. Even antidepressants. Having a healthy attitude
| and lifestyle and avoiding the stronger things like
| oxycodone, heroin, methamphetamine, etc is wise.
|
| /u/samhw please avoid discussing topics you know nothing
| about while labeling those who do as 'addicts.'
| samhw wrote:
| I haven't heard of kratom being used by non-addicts, so I'm
| not surprised you wouldn't like it - it's like a non-smoker
| using nicotine patches. It's mainly used by people detoxing
| from stronger opioids.
|
| I did it when I was coming off heroin (locked myself in my
| parents' country house for a fortnight or so, took ibogaine
| and kratom for withdrawals, came out fatigued but basically
| well). Even then, I found it extremely acrid and
| unappetising, and not even the resulting 'high' was
| particularly pleasant. I wouldn't ever take it if I weren't
| experiencing brutal heroin withdrawals.
| goldenkey wrote:
| You took ibogaine, a drug known to be cardiotoxic. You
| are a former heroin addict that is projecting your
| inability to use medicine responsibly onto other folks
| with medical conditions.
|
| You talk about a high despite me never mentioning getting
| high, only the pain relieving effects. I could care less
| about a high. I use Kratom medicinally to help me live a
| better life.
|
| I am sorry you took pain relieving agents and misused
| them. I'm sorry you thought street drugs like heroin were
| suitable quality and safe. I'm sorry for the pain you
| endured when withdrawing from these drugs. Now, I'm sorry
| you are projecting all of this on responsible users of
| much safer therapeutic agents.
| h2odragon wrote:
| I would much rather tend a field of poppies than a mamba snake
| ranch. Poppies hardly _ever_ run away from thunderstorms.
| jack_riminton wrote:
| Any experts on here know whether it'd be possible to create a
| synthetic version? It would've expected that issue to be
| mentioned in the article tbh
| h2odragon wrote:
| I could spray paint a garter snake for ya, would that do?
|
| (sorry)
|
| Venoms are often a bitch because they're not stable, I think.
| manufactured at point of use for a good reason.
| jack_riminton wrote:
| That's interesting thanks, I suppose that's why we've not
| heard anything about this discovery since
| GravitasFailure wrote:
| On one side, this is an incredible medical advancement and
| opens the door to a lot of other developments, but on the other
| side if my doctor said I was getting injected with snake
| venom...
| krisoft wrote:
| Your doctor wouldn't say that. Your doctor would prescribe
| you polylepiscin or some other vaguelly medical and
| scientifical sounding name. You wouldn't know that the
| compound originally was found in black mamba venom unless you
| like geeking out on medicine history. (And if you like
| geeking out on that you would already know that nearly all
| drugs comes from weird things.)
| rich_sasha wrote:
| Yes exactly. Bacteria in probiotic yoghurt come in from the
| guts... no one says "fancy like eating your own shit"?
| laumars wrote:
| In fairness, the U.K. adverts for probiotic yoghurts have
| said it contains natural bacteria found in the gut.
| GravitasFailure wrote:
| Thank you for reminding me that fecal transplants are a
| thing and have shown real world benefits. The one time a
| suppository is preferable to oral administration.
| elliekelly wrote:
| Like Botox. The doctor doesn't mention they're injecting
| you with botulism (or maybe the toxin that causes
| botulism?) but they are.
| GravitasFailure wrote:
| I do enjoy geeking out over medical things in general and
| would trust that an approved pain killer would not be
| straight up venom and will happily take it, especially if
| it lives up to the hype. I'm still going to give any doctor
| that prescribes it to me just a little bit of grief,
| though.
| robbiep wrote:
| Wait till you find what we use salmon sperm for
| jes wrote:
| I'll see your salmon sperm and raise you one penis
| facial[1], as recommended by Sandra Bullock and Cate
| Blanchett.
|
| Few people seem to care that the source of the active
| ingredient in the penis facial is obtained through the
| egregious action of cutting healthy, valuable tissue off
| of male Korean infants who have no diagnosis of defect or
| disease.
|
| [1] https://nypost.com/2018/03/15/the-penis-facial-is-
| the-latest...
| Turing_Machine wrote:
| The very common ACE inhibitor medications for high blood
| pressure (lisinopril and the others that end in -pril) are
| synthetic analogs of a compound found in the South American
| pit viper Bothrops jararaca. Scientists noted that being
| bitten by one of these snakes produces a rapid and profound
| drop in blood pressure. In the wild, of course, this causes
| the snake's natural prey animals to pass out so they can be
| eaten.
|
| So it's not like snake venom-related drugs are unprecedented.
| eth0up wrote:
| I really hope this goes somewhere. I've been left on the curbside
| with a caduceus up my backside because of self-righteousness,
| paranoia and hysterics. If an analgesic can be created without
| committing the atrocity of inadvertently imparting a synthetic
| sense of wellbeing too, much suffering would end. Just don't
| poison it with acetaminophen! Maybe I'll abandon my unfruitful
| hunt for opium lettuce and raise snakes instead.
| eth0up wrote:
| To those who through inhibition of self expression see all
| subjects as an arrow facing north or south, I pose a question
| for you to silently grate your arrows edge upon:
|
| Is it for the greater good that pain be palliated with the
| chronic use of ibuprofen and perforated ulcers, or
| acetaminophen and failing livers, or any nsaid and heart
| disease?
|
| Is insomnia now in fashion?
|
| Is lethargy and unproductivity encouraged?
|
| Or is it all a simple lack of empathy, characteristic of
| pampered narcissists who've acclimated to comfort since birth?
|
| Or maybe an illustrious form of asceticism, an exhibition of
| impervious strength and endurance?
| NikolaNovak wrote:
| Fwiw - I enjoyed your posts The way I enjoy poetry : lovely,
| but largely incomprehensible.
|
| I don't know if you're getting down voted due to people
| disagreeing or merely not understanding what your point and
| data is. It is possible if you contributed more clearly you'd
| find a more receptive audience.
|
| I find frequently when there is topic near to people's heart
| aNd they spend a lot of time thinking about, they start at a
| hundred with a very strong and flowery language. My
| suggestion would be to understand others don't have same
| context and start at 1 and build your way up, whether
| logically or emotionally. You Gotta ask yourself are you
| writing for your own sake and enjoy your metaphors and
| alusions and poetry without regard for others (even finding
| gratification and martyrdom in not being understood), or are
| you actually trying to educate, persuade, build
| understanding. If the latter, focus on that goal most clearly
| and directly.
|
| (I could be wrong - merely my 2 cents).
| eth0up wrote:
| > merely my 2 cents
|
| Two 1943 wheat pennies, I'd say. Thanks.
| [deleted]
| nonameiguess wrote:
| I understand exactly what you're saying and it's a shame you're
| currently being downvoted. People up in arms against opioids
| and in favor of all the restrictions that keep people suffering
| have clearly never experienced chronic pain. I don't want to
| downplay addiction risk, but everyone I have ever seen get
| addicted had it happen with severe mitigating circumstances
| like job loss, general financial insecurity, family history of
| addiction, things that made them susceptible. It was never
| _just_ the pain and the painkillers. I took oxycodone for three
| years and never got addicted. It helped get me through the
| absolute worst years of my life until enough surgeries and
| physical therapy finally got me basically functional again. I
| guess I 'm just lucky my doctors and insurers never gave into
| the pressure not to prescribe them, but I don't even know now
| what it would be like given the present state of legislation.
| My wife suffers from this tremendously on the other side, adult
| ADHD treated successfully and easily with Adderall, but it
| can't be filled out of state, can't be filled in advance. Makes
| it awfully difficult to work a job that requires 25% travel.
| eth0up wrote:
| I wrote a lengthy, now deleted reply. I'm glad you recovered
| unscathed and I appreciate the balanced insight and story.
| [deleted]
| GordonS wrote:
| There is a lot of research aiming to produce strong, non-opioid
| pain killers from venom peptides, from spiders, centipedes, sea
| anemones and other creatures.
|
| These peptides have an action on sodium channels, specifically
| Nav1.7, so the article doesn't seem particularly surprising
| (although the article was from 2012, so it might have been back
| then).
|
| We already have several drugs that work on sodium channels, but
| they are non-selective, and there are several sub-types of sodium
| channel with different uses - such as regulating heart beat. The
| challenge, is to produce a drug that selectively blocks sodium
| channel Nav1.7 - the idea being that this will reduce pain while
| not affecting your heart etc.
|
| I suffer from chronic neuropathic pain, so I've been somewhat
| following this research for a while.
| shreyshnaccount wrote:
| and so is a bullet, instant pain relief /s
| Someone wrote:
| FTA: They admit to being completely baffled about why the mamba
| would produce it.
|
| I would guess it keeps their target calm. A panicking prey is
| more likely to injure the snake than one that dies before it
| realizes it got seriously bitten.
| JumpCrisscross wrote:
| > _being completely baffled about why the mamba would produce
| it_
|
| Is it delivered in a dose sufficient to cause unconsciousness,
| or even just euphoric lethargy in its prey? If so, that sounds
| both effective and weirdly sweet, given nature's usual
| barbarism.
| DamnYuppie wrote:
| I am continually frustrated by and fail to understand how
| people can actually believe nature is barbaric. Nature is
| nature, it is kill or be killed, that is actually the natural
| order of things.
|
| Outside of that is an anomaly reserved for those at the
| absolute apex of power. This power was accumulated by being
| incredibly adaptable and observant. Both of these qualities
| made our ancestors very very good at killing things.
| JumpCrisscross wrote:
| > _frustrated by and fail to understand how people can
| actually believe nature is barbaric. Nature is nature, it
| is kill or be killed, that is actually the natural order of
| things._
|
| Barbaric literally means primitive and unsophisticated.
| (Sophistication referring to knowledge and culture.) When
| we say something is barbaric, we mean it is in its natural,
| unrefined, untouched-by-civilisation state.
|
| That might make the statement "nature is barbaric" seem
| tautologic. But your reaction exposes its meaning. The
| natural state of things, the barbaric state, is on we
| strive to escape. It is painful and suffering. Sometimes
| cruel. Enough to have motivated our species to seek to
| _not_ be subject to it. To be free of the "natural order
| of things" by developing our knowledge, culture and
| civilization.
|
| As you mention, this often involved killing. But killing
| need not be painful and cruel.
| samhw wrote:
| > Barbaric literally means primitive and unsophisticated
|
| This makes for the foundation of a nice story, but no,
| that's not what 'barbaric' means. It's not what you'll
| find in any dictionary, and it's not what the root of the
| word is. Barbaros, in Greek, referred to non-Greeks, with
| an early connotation of foreignness. It picked up a
| connotation of cruelty and savageness as early as the
| Romans. Any dictionary since then will give a primary
| meaning of cruelty and savagery, not just 'primitive and
| unsophisticated'.
|
| (Finally, my eight years of Ancient Greek at school comes
| in slightly handy!)
| JumpCrisscross wrote:
| > _Any dictionary since then will give a primary meaning
| of cruelty and savagery, not just 'primitive and
| unsophisticated'_
|
| And how would those dictionaries define savagery?
| Webster's first entries are "not domesticated or under
| human control" and "lacking the restraints normal to
| civilized human beings" [1]. The penultimate comment
| works with savage and cruel substituted for primitive and
| unsophisticated.
|
| (Though didn't know the etymology. An honest thank you
| for that.)
|
| [1] https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/savage
| samhw wrote:
| > And how would those dictionaries define savagery?
|
| I mean, a good nothing-up-my-sleeve definition is the
| Google one:
| https://www.google.com/search?q=define+savagery
| https://www.google.com/search?q=define+savage
|
| Respectfully, I think you're hunting down odd-one-out
| definitions that support your theory - not necessarily
| consciously. All of these words connote cruelty. The
| overwhelming majority of dictionary definitions bear that
| out.
| vore wrote:
| I don't think arguing about the semantics of "barbarism"
| really takes away from the original overarching argument:
| nature is primitive and cruel but humans in general at
| least try to alleviate that kind of cruelty seen in non-
| human nature.
| JumpCrisscross wrote:
| > _a good nothing-up-my-sleeve definition is the Google
| one_
|
| Now try "barbaric". Definition two: "primitive;
| unsophisticated" [1]. (Sorry, could not help it.)
|
| > _these words connote cruelty_
|
| Never argued it didn't. My original comment uses the same
| word.
|
| [1] https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=define%20barbar
| ic#crs=...
| dragonwriter wrote:
| > I am continually frustrated by and fail to understand how
| people can actually believe nature is barbaric.
|
| Because it is.
|
| > Nature is nature, it is kill or be killed, that is
| actually the natural order of things.
|
| That's also what people describe as "barbarism", generally.
| So, you seem to agree that nature is substantively
| barbaric, but be confused that people describe it that way.
| ptr2voidStar wrote:
| Very aptly put.
| _hilro wrote:
| I would guess it's just a genetic glitch and not some conscious
| decision or purposeful design.
| daveguy wrote:
| It doesn't have to be a conscious decision or purposeful
| design to be "there for a reason". Evolution tends toward
| solutions because the population that happens to be closer to
| a solution are more likely to survive. Nothing the op said
| was incompatible with evolution.
| alisonkisk wrote:
| Evolution doesn't have "reasons" (pre hoc is random
| mutation) but it has "justifications" (post hoc is natural
| selection).
| samhw wrote:
| In addition to that, it's certainly not a 'glitch'. A
| genetic glitch would be a (possibly short-lived) mutation
| which is still in the 'beta' phase, so to speak, or else a
| harmful side effect of an otherwise beneficial mutation
| (e.g. albinism). This is a paradigmatic example of an
| ordinary useful mutation which persisted because it
| increased fitness.
| YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
| >> FTA: They admit to being completely baffled about why the
| mamba would produce it.
|
| It's because they are scientists. Scientists are always
| "baffled", in the news.
| wwweston wrote:
| "the mind that is not baffled is not employed
|
| the impeded stream is the one that sings"
|
| -- Wendell Berry
| nyokodo wrote:
| That's a simple and lovely poem that speaks to me deeply.
| Thanks for teaching me it exists.
| cheese_van wrote:
| A snake, you see, Has no legs to flee. When frightened He
| does not dither, He slithers.
|
| (high school poet me, neither lovely nor deep, but I
| can't help myself)
| wwweston wrote:
| Berry's a good well for deep-speaking thought.
|
| The essay from which it comes is pretty great too -- I
| don't think it's online in whole form but there are
| pieces discussed here:
|
| https://www.brainpickings.org/2014/11/18/wendell-berry-
| poetr...
| 0xB31B1B wrote:
| Very frustrating. In practice the scientists are expressing
| uncertainty "we do no know/need to investigate further" not
| confusion or bewilderment
| raverbashing wrote:
| Yeah for real this is a major issue in news and science
| communication.
|
| There's "we don't know" (and we have no idea why), there's
| "we don't know" (just because we didn't prove it yet, but our
| money is on that) or (we think it's because so and so but
| haven't looked into it) and in-betweens.
| [deleted]
| Avicebron wrote:
| shii...strap a tube to my arm and hit me with that mamba juice.
| be flying for hours...
|
| or more likely arrested for animal abuse, but hey, imagine being
| the cool druggie who can get high and defend his territory with a
| snake. this under-bridge be mine.
| fctorial wrote:
| Must be why this man does this:
| https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucpGlWnq8EE
| awelxtr wrote:
| 9y have passed, no new developments about this?
| mikepurvis wrote:
| Indeed. A quick search reveals nothing more than the original
| paper from 2012, cited just one time:
|
| https://www.nature.com/articles/nature.2012.11526
| cultofmetatron wrote:
| probably because mamba venom is crazy expensive.
| mmazing wrote:
| For as many times as the article stated they are "surprised"
| and "completely baffled", maybe they still are.
| xkcd-sucks wrote:
| A similar venom-based analgesic that actually became a drug is
| Ziconotide [0], a selective calcium channel blocker contained in
| a certain type of cone snail venom (the actual drug has some
| minor modifications for stability but the structure was already
| perfect re: activity). Unfortunately as a peptide it's not orally
| active and has to be administered directly into cerebrospinal
| fluid.
|
| I only know about it because the person who discovered it gave a
| wonderful talk at my grad school. Apparently venomous sea snails
| produce incredibly diverse mixtures of incredibly receptor-
| selective peptides. They used a cheap phenotypic screen in which
| snails were purchased from fishermen, venom fractionated by HPLC,
| individual fractions injected into mice, behaviors were
| characterized and interesting ones flagged for further study.
|
| [0] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziconotide
| Nasrudith wrote:
| I wouldn't be surprised if the venom was addictive too. I mean it
| isn't like it had any selective pressure for preventing or
| causing addiction. Although the latter may come as a side effect.
|
| I can see a purpose for a multifaceted venom - both synergy of
| "speedballing" the lethal dose and making it harder biochemically
| for a creature to develop an immunity.
|
| Like always with evolved systems purpose is an emergent thing by
| what reproduces and survives the best. It is a tautology of
| "things that spread and stay you have more of".
| [deleted]
| high_byte wrote:
| >The researchers looked at venom from 50 species before they
| found the black mamba's pain-killing proteins - called mambalgins
| temp0826 wrote:
| Snake bites can be abused too!
| https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20255373
|
| No mention of Kambo (secretion from a tree frog) but it does
| contain opiate analogues as well
| dreamcompiler wrote:
| Surprised they didn't say whether it causes constipation. That's
| one of the most annoying side effects of morphine for most
| people.
|
| (Maybe the original Nature article addresses this but it's
| paywalled.)
| KMag wrote:
| I passed a kidney stone a month and a half ago, and switched
| from a codeine-based painkiller to ibuprofen because of the
| constipation. (Also, for me, at least at the prescribed dose,
| codeine-with-acetaminophen/paracetamol gave less pain relief
| than 400 mg of ibuprofen. I'm also aware that morphine is
| significantly stronger than codeine.) The increased abdominal
| pressure from the constipation probably helped the stone pass a
| bit faster, but it also certainly seemed to increase the pain.
|
| On a side note, drink plenty of water. 42 is pretty young for
| passing a kidney stone. Working from home this past year, my
| wife would give me a hard time that some days I drank only 500
| mL or so of water. (I drank plenty of coffee in the office, but
| cutting down on coffee while working from home unfortunately
| didn't translate into replacing coffee with water.) My
| urologist says I should be drinking at least 30 mL of water per
| kg body mass per day. Yes, most of our food is mostly water,
| but at least for me, that didn't cut it. I've heard people
| compare passing a kidney stone to childbirth, but I'm sure
| that's a gross exaggeration. A really bad hangover is worse,
| but a kidney stone is painful enough that I was pretty useless
| for 5 days and could only sleep in a really hot bath, and then
| only for about 1-2 hours per day. You don't want a kidney
| stone.
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