[HN Gopher] Anil Seth Finds Consciousness in Life's Push Against...
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       Anil Seth Finds Consciousness in Life's Push Against Entropy
        
       Author : RageoftheRobots
       Score  : 153 points
       Date   : 2021-10-01 22:32 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.quantamagazine.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.quantamagazine.org)
        
       | StuntPope wrote:
       | This is very simple: consciousness is not an epiphenomenon of the
       | brain. It's a universal force. We don't emit consciousness, we
       | tap into it and experience it as individuations.
       | 
       | This why AI will never happen in the generalized sense. Because
       | as long as we keep thinking we can engineer a mind out of matter,
       | we'll keep chasing our tails.
       | 
       | Matter is a by-product of the universal mind. And we all
       | experience our lives as singular nodes of that mind.
       | 
       | This has been known for millennia and is the basis for the world
       | religions (which are mostly dumbed down co-optings of this).
       | 
       | Also, Bitcoin fixes this.
        
       | slibhb wrote:
       | > I just read a wonderful novel, Klara and the Sun, by Kazuo
       | Ishiguro, which is a beautiful articulation of all the ways in
       | which having systems that give the appearance of being conscious
       | can screw with our human psyches and minds.
       | 
       | Boy, that is not at all what I got from Klara and the Sun.
        
         | goatlover wrote:
         | Indeed. But also since it's told from Klara's pov, she is
         | clearly conscious, and not just appears to be. You can't write
         | from first person without that person being conscious. The
         | closest I've seen otherwise is Cibola Burn in the It Reaches
         | Out chapters, but that's really third person omniscient telling
         | the readers what is and is not conscious about the
         | protomolecule. Miller yes, the reaching out, no by design.
         | 
         | Anyway, the humans in Klara and the Sun don't even question
         | that aspect of AFs. It's more of a biological snobbery and that
         | the AFs are short lived like Blade Runner replicants, and
         | replaced by newer models.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | sgt101 wrote:
       | Yeah - the consciousness is integrated thing shows a lack of
       | experience with both drugs and schizophrenia
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | Strs2FillMyDrms wrote:
       | When I was younger, I use to believe (maybe I still do) that all
       | lifeform's purpose was to accelerate universe death, by transfer
       | from matter to heat in the form of radiation, like we are just an
       | extension of the universe's agency/"desire" towards that, and
       | everything we do is aimed to that, but never actually thought
       | about consciousness.
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | The universe became conscious enough to ask the question: 'what
       | is all this?'
        
         | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
         | Navel gazing
        
         | diplodocusaur wrote:
         | can you teach a computer to do it?
        
           | mensetmanusman wrote:
           | Yes, in 2 lines of code.
        
         | goldenkey wrote:
         | Imagine a sophisticated enough and transparent webcam with an
         | infinite resolution and a curved enough lens (or mirror) such
         | that it can see its own assembly.
         | 
         | The funny part is every analogy we make is just something in
         | this universe, so all we do is move the mysticism to a lowlier
         | object.
         | 
         | If we eventually do find out that materials cause
         | consciousness, then material will become mystical. Really, we
         | cannot win.
        
       | Barrin92 wrote:
       | The idea to define life as the creation of local negative
       | entropy, in a sense pushing disorder out of a local space is not
       | new, in fact that's the premise of Schrodingers 1944 book, _What
       | is Life?_ , which led him to speculate that human genetic
       | information must be stored in something like a crystal, which he
       | thought of as a prototypical structure for storing information,
       | in a way anticipating the discovery of DNA.[1] (a helix instead
       | of a crystal, but in principle not that far off)
       | 
       | I'm not sure I agree though with the connection between life and
       | consciousness in the article. I think it's very possible to have
       | things that are alive in that entropic-displacing sense that need
       | not be conscious or intelligent at all, say fairly trivial, self-
       | replicating machines.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_Is_Life%3F
        
         | vcdimension wrote:
         | A similar argument was made earlier by William James Sidis in
         | his 1920 book "The Animate and the Inanimate" (in which he also
         | predicted black holes) :
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James_Sidis#The_Animat...
        
       | thunderbong wrote:
       | I found the article very interesting and thought provoking. Some
       | points from it -
       | 
       | > We see the world not as it is, but as it's useful for us to do
       | so.
       | 
       | > A computer that plays chess is actually playing chess. But a
       | computer simulation of a weather system does not generate actual
       | weather. Weather is substrate-dependent.
       | 
       | > This is why I tend toward the substrate-dependent view. This
       | imperative for self-organization and self-preservation in living
       | systems goes all the way down: Every cell within a body maintains
       | its own existence just as the body as a whole does. What's more,
       | unlike in a computer where you have this sharp distinction
       | between hardware and software -- between substrate and what "runs
       | on" that substrate -- in life, there isn't such a sharp divide.
       | Where does the mind-ware stop and the wetware start? There isn't
       | a clear answer. These, for me, are positive reasons to think that
       | the substrate matters; a system that instantiates conscious
       | experiences might have to be a system that cares about its
       | persistence all the way down into its mechanisms, without some
       | arbitrary cutoff. No, I can't demonstrate that for certain. But
       | it's one interesting way in which living systems are different
       | from computers, and it's a way which helps me understand
       | consciousness as it's expressed in living systems.
       | 
       | > I think the situation we're much more likely to find ourselves
       | in is living in a world where artificial systems can give the
       | extremely compelling impression that they are conscious, even
       | when they are not. Or where we just have no way of knowing, but
       | the systems will strongly try to convince us that they are.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | paulclinger wrote:
         | > Weather is substrate-dependent.
         | 
         | That's true, but it doesn't mean that the simulation doesn't
         | have desired effects in the real world. The simulation will not
         | make you wet, but it will keep you dry if you use its
         | predictions and take your umbrella with you.
         | 
         | If consciousness is related to assessment of predictions and
         | their effect on the organism, then those predictions can be
         | assessed by living "through" them in the real or simulated
         | world and there are significant advantages in doing this in
         | simulation.
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | " Well, it must minimize the uncertainty of the states that it's
       | in. I have to actively resist the second law of thermodynamics,
       | so I don't dissipate into all kinds of states. "
       | 
       | People often make this rhetorical mistake when speaking about the
       | second law. Entropy is increasing full steam ahead, and what
       | looks like a small bit of order is revealed to be hiding 'the man
       | behind the curtain' i.e. a massive increase in entropy through
       | the expulsion of heat, so more things in the universe can enter
       | higher entropy states in vibrational modes, rotational modes,
       | etc.
        
         | mannykannot wrote:
         | Seth's invocation of entropy is nowhere near as egregious as it
         | is in the case of those creationists who claim that evolution
         | would be a violation of the 2nd. law of thermodynamics, but I
         | feel it is, ultimately, an argument that goes nowhere.
         | 
         | His point is that living organisms are, temporarily, islands of
         | relative order in a universe that is generally less so, which
         | is both a fact and consonant with the 2nd. law. As all living
         | organisms, not just conscious ones, share this feature, it is
         | hardly a distinguishing feature, let alone an explanation, of
         | consciousness.
         | 
         | This has led some people to redefine consciousness to encompass
         | all such systems, whether living or not - they all, supposedly,
         | have a certain amount of of it, according to the proponents of
         | panpsychism and its more quantitative offspring such as
         | Integrated Information Theory (IIT).
         | 
         | To me (and I am a materialist in matters of the mind), this
         | seems to be an attempt to force consciousness into the woefully
         | inadequate explanations we currently have on hand. The sort of
         | consciousness we are most interested in, and are most
         | challenged by, is the sort of self-aware, language-creating,
         | theory-of-mind holding consciousness that is most fully
         | developed in our own species (and probably in some of our
         | extinct predecessors), not the sort of consciousness that might
         | be attributed to a paramecium or a thermostatically controlled
         | building. It is not useful to lump together such a diverse
         | range of phenomena, and we are only fooling ourselves if we
         | claim that anodyne statements about preserving order against a
         | chaotic universe are, in any useful sense, an explanation of
         | consciousness.
         | 
         | For a much more thorough critique of IIT specifically, see
         | Scott Aaronson:
         | 
         | https://www.scottaaronson.com/blog/?p=1799
        
           | mensetmanusman wrote:
           | Humans define order. Entropy increasing is just like a
           | falling water fall. If you zoom in on some region of chaos
           | and say look at this pattern (like in cellular automata), you
           | have defined that to be meaningful order. Every state in the
           | statistical ensemble has equal likelihood of occurring, there
           | just happen to be a small subset of interest to human minds.
        
         | simonh wrote:
         | This is the big problem with the idea that consciousness is
         | just complexity, and that sufficiently complex systems might
         | become conscious. Stars, storms, gas giant planets, nebulae,
         | etc. The problem is these things are complex yes, but except at
         | a very macroscopic level they have no mechanism to maintain a
         | consistent state, or to control and reliably change that state.
         | They're just heaving masses of particles. Computers and the
         | brain are incredibly ordered systems, and are incredibly
         | fragile to even the tiniest disruption of that order.
        
         | akyu wrote:
         | Is that not what 'actively resist' means?
        
         | beaconstudios wrote:
         | yes, the 2nd law applies within closed systems. You can cheat
         | in reality (where closed systems don't actually exist) by
         | taking energy from outside a bounded territory (say, a human
         | body) and using it to resist entropy. He doesn't call it by
         | name, but he's referencing autopoiesis (or, continuous self-
         | creation) and homeostasis (self-regulation of properties
         | through balancing feedback loops). Both of these processes
         | consume energy (leading to overall entropy increase), but you
         | can nick that energy from the "environment" through food or
         | photosynthesis or whatever.
        
           | monkeycantype wrote:
           | Which means that ordered systems must create disorder in
           | order to maintain their own order, and the place where you
           | find the greatest order to disorder is in other actively
           | ordered systems. I blame entropy for the existence of evil,
           | if there is a sentient omniscient creator, there better be a
           | good reason for it, and if the reason turns out to be that
           | entropy is the ongoing cost of His omniscient observation of
           | every interaction, The tax of Her constant measurement I
           | shall be both outraged and secretly satisfied that I was
           | right all along.
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | Entropy is a not instilled by a creator, but a natural
             | consequence of math.
             | 
             | If the number of states labelled ordered is substantially
             | smaller than the number of states labelled disordered and a
             | system moves essentially randomly between states, it is far
             | more likely that it will spend most of its time in a
             | disordered state.
             | 
             | Entropy is just the universe settling into a state that
             | cannot be meaningfully differentiated from most other
             | states; there are far more of these than differentiable
             | states, and so it's overwhelmingly likely that the universe
             | ends up there.
        
               | monkeycantype wrote:
               | I do get that. While I understand that some people firmly
               | believe in a literal creator, in my case it's an
               | anthropomorphisation of all that is unknowable and truly
               | fundamental to the existence of our universe, just as the
               | green woman with the spiky hat is an anthropomorphisation
               | of liberty. The difference being that I stay open to the
               | idea that the creator might be conscious because I have
               | no way of disproving it, where I'd put put hundred
               | dollars down that the green lady is a big chunk of metal
               | with a slap of copper and asbestos over the top.
               | 
               | I don't know if other universes with different maths are
               | possible. Greg Egan's books take my to the limit of my
               | conceptual capacity, but I do think there are limits to
               | what it is possible to know from within this universe,
               | because everything needs to be built up from axioms from
               | this universe. I agree with your explanation, right now
               | while I'm sitting here in this universe, but if the
               | celestial teapot turns up this afternoon and takes us
               | both to perpetual motion machine universe, we might start
               | to see things differently
        
               | jtsiskin wrote:
               | ...but why assume a system moves essentially randomly
               | between states?
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | 1. Occam's razor
               | 
               | 2. got any other ideas? (remember, we're talking about
               | large scale, statistical systems)
        
               | figure8 wrote:
               | Ergodicity: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergodicity
        
             | systemsignal wrote:
             | But life probably wouldn't exist if entropy wasn't
             | increasing
             | 
             | Life exists because it increases the entropy in the
             | universe
        
               | meowkit wrote:
               | > Life exists because it increases the entropy in the
               | universe
               | 
               | This is an concise idea I sit on quite often.
               | 
               | Is this a commonly known idea? Among
               | scientists/engineers/philosopher types? Would appreciate
               | other thoughts.
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | Yes, we taught this during course 3 thermo @ MIT. The
               | mystery is how the hell the universe started at such low
               | entropy.
               | 
               | We can predict the final total maximum entropy of the
               | visible universe, we are about half way there. Life
               | produces entropy, but not as 'efficiently' as exploding
               | stars.
        
               | efokschaner wrote:
               | This subject is discussed in the pop sci work of PBS
               | spacetime https://youtu.be/GcfLZSL7YGw with reference to
               | articles and books if you're looking for more
        
               | monkeycantype wrote:
               | I think so, I've gone back to university to study
               | biology, and I'm encountering two complimentary
               | perspectives on what life is, a pragmatic classification
               | version that says: ok - of the things that we see which
               | ones are alive and which aren't and what are the
               | distinguishing characteristics? and a second definitional
               | version, blending Schroedinger and Shannon, that says
               | life seems to be information propagating itself, but
               | we're not going examine you on that in first year
               | genomics.
        
               | monkeycantype wrote:
               | Yes, in this universe, life as we know it is a salmon of
               | order swimming up the waterfall of entropy, every flick
               | of it tail powered by its shit fouling the river, because
               | life in this universe is spec'd to the constraints of
               | this universe. But perhaps we can't find the aliens
               | because they have tunnelled out, off to another gentler
               | universe where they grow forever in n dimensions of time
               | and space pondering the beauty of all the integers.
        
               | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
               | This is lovely but why would they leave their home? There
               | are very unlikely to find another place equally
               | comfortable to the one in which they evolved.
        
               | monkeycantype wrote:
               | That's a good question Ted.
        
               | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
               | > Life exists because it increases the entropy in the
               | universe
               | 
               | Life causes entropy, but do you literally mean it exists
               | because it increases entropy? I don't see the connection,
               | only that life causes entropy. Can you explain?
        
               | systemsignal wrote:
               | Not a great answer but basically everything that occurs
               | in this Universe must increase the overall entropy of the
               | universe (second law)
               | 
               | Of course local entropy can decrease, hopefully in a way
               | that is beneficial to our little corner of the universe
               | :)
               | 
               | Would recommend Schrodingers "what is life" if interested
               | further in life/entropy
        
             | codeisawesome wrote:
             | > Which means that ordered systems must create disorder in
             | order to maintain their own order, and the place where you
             | find the greatest order to disorder is in other actively
             | ordered systems.
             | 
             | Wow, that also nicely explains how colonisation &
             | impoverishment of some human groups is necessary in the
             | current framework, so that high HDI can be achieved in
             | other human groups (which then explains various historical
             | facts).
             | 
             | This makes space exploration and attempts of automated
             | resource extraction from celestial objects a noble goal,
             | something that can achieve world peace (assuming the
             | results are distributed).
        
               | monkeycantype wrote:
               | Your comment seems to have been slapped, perhaps on the
               | interpretation that you are justifying colonialism, or
               | perhaps on the interpretation that you are engaging in
               | space billionaire boosterism, but I read you comment very
               | differently. That our islands of enlightenment rest on
               | pillars of violence, and restumping our civilisation on a
               | foundation of justice and sustainability isn't anti-
               | enlightenment, it is the enlightenment project, and it's
               | taking us hundreds of years not always moving forwards.
        
               | codeisawesome wrote:
               | Yes, I'm definitely not supporting colonisation. I'm from
               | a country who's prospects were stunted by merciless
               | resource extraction. I wish it didn't happen. I'm simply
               | saying that, it's the "lowest common denominator" means
               | of achieving progress and geo-local maxima by causing
               | ethical global minima. Hence, space exploration is a
               | noble alternative in comparison - extract your resources
               | from dead zones in space and have a human utopia for all
               | here on earth.
        
       | myfartsarefoul wrote:
       | Does anyone else feel like Quanta is mostly a hype machine? I
       | hear about seemingly earth shattering research there and never
       | hear about it again.
        
         | akyu wrote:
         | No.
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | There are millions of discoveries per year because the universe
         | has unbounded complexity and detail. Only a small subset of
         | discoveries would ever impact someone.
        
       | juliangamble wrote:
       | Theory of Mind/Metacognition/Sense of Agency is well defined in
       | the literature based on decades of research:
       | https://aeon.co/essays/is-there-a-symmetry-between-metacogni...
       | 
       | For the latest in consciousness research - look at:
       | https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.12798 Here (p14) they make artificial
       | consciousness testable by making mental models of action, and the
       | conscious 'thought' is the difference between what the action
       | that was expected vs the action that occurred.
        
       | uwagar wrote:
       | consciousness is anti-gravity, silent like a reflection with the
       | wonder of a sudden rainbow.
        
       | beaconstudios wrote:
       | alternative title: Anil Seth rediscovers the Law of Requisite
       | Variety.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | > I have to actively resist the second law of thermodynamics, so
       | I don't dissipate into all kinds of states.
       | 
       | Breaking physics is not how biology works.
        
       | jackcosgrove wrote:
       | I read recently of a paper that proposed a mechanism for
       | information conservation during black hole evaporation. The model
       | was that information was preserved within the black hole on some
       | layer that was not destroyed, and the information was
       | subsequently released as the black hole evaporated.
       | 
       | I am not a physicist but the Hawking model that black holes
       | destroy information always struck me as an asymmetry. Apparently
       | that asymmetry also motivated some researchers who know more than
       | me.
       | 
       | Is there actually evidence for the conservation of information?
       | I'm not even sure what information refers to within this context,
       | but the writeup on the paper I read used that term.
       | 
       | I have toyed with the idea that the anthropic principle doesn't
       | just rely on chance events on really long time scales. If indeed
       | information is indestructible, the universe could be in a birth-
       | death cycle of refinement, where it orders information in ways to
       | increase self-awareness each cycle.
        
         | bglusman wrote:
         | You might be interested in Lee Smolin's book which explores
         | this very hypothesis, among others and a generally fascinating
         | review of how physics got where it is...
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Life_of_the_Cosmos
        
           | gradschoolfail wrote:
           | When I was a grad student I once attended a lecture by Kip
           | Thorne (before he won the Nobel prize but after Interstellar
           | came out). He basically implied something that is vaguely
           | heretical (and kinda tangential to the above): we should look
           | for aliens _inside_ black holes because thats where they
           | prefer to be. For one, from their point of view (and this
           | situation was sort of enacted in Interstellar) they can
           | observe our epic timescales in "real time". This puts the
           | phrase "angels dancing on the head of a pin" in a new light,
           | where pin could be loosely interpreted to mean "singularity",
           | I suppose.
        
             | a9h74j wrote:
             | FWIW, I could be mistaken, but I once heard that the spirit
             | of that question (angels on the head of the pin) was less
             | about realism than countability -- i.e. more like asking
             | about the countablility of the Real Numbers in an interval,
             | or something of that sort. One way or another I took it as
             | a much more generous description.
        
               | gradschoolfail wrote:
               | Interesting, do you have a citation? The Wikipedia page
               | mentions nothing like that..
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_many_angels_can_dance_o
               | n_t...
        
               | a9h74j wrote:
               | 'Countability' is too precise a term for the meaning or
               | context. The article as I read it makes the core point I
               | wanted to express: a derisive reference to scholarship of
               | the time period as obcessed with "angels on pinheads" is
               | probably ungenerous.
               | 
               | If you know of JMG one statement of his was roughly this:
               | Every school-child (of that time period) used to know
               | that an 'eternal being' was outside of time, not a being
               | [within time] that would "live forever."
               | 
               | That is, 'eternal' apparently had a precise sense [then]
               | which most are now ignorant of. Again, I could be wrong.
               | 
               | It is hard for me to look down on curiousity about "what
               | could be outside of time" when it remains a popular
               | science question -- i.e., where did the big bang happen?,
               | etc
        
             | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
             | Based on your nick, I'm guessing that Kip Thorne lecture
             | didn't help your grades.
        
               | gradschoolfail wrote:
               | He turned me into a new believer so what can I do? At
               | least i have someone to blame now
        
       | maceurt wrote:
       | Some things are just beyond what Humans will ever understand in
       | my opinion. Consciousness is one of those things. A computer that
       | is able to understand itself completely would be infinitely
       | powerful since its understanding would be recursive over each new
       | understanding state.
        
         | dennis_moore wrote:
         | Nah, it would be limited by its stack size ;)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | lngnmn2 wrote:
       | This, is, of course, nonsense.
       | 
       | Consciousness implies awareness and perception of the world (and
       | not necessarily self-awareness and ability of introspection).
       | 
       | And life is a result of selection what works and fits by trial
       | and error.
       | 
       | Cells are mechanisms and aggregates of other mechanisms. The more
       | correct word would be a process. Biological processes, which is a
       | biochemical processes.
        
       | cratermoon wrote:
       | This kind of aligns with the ideas presented in the 1980 book
       | _Life beyond Earth : the intelligent Earthling 's guide to life
       | in the universe_. A major part of the thesis the authors (Gerald
       | Feinberg and Robert Shapiro) present is that "life" can be
       | identified not only by the biological processes we are familiar
       | with on earth, but by its ability to accumulate energy for
       | organized processes.
        
       | sayonaraman wrote:
       | I think "consciousness" is such a fuzzy term that talking about
       | is at best premature when we are still trying to understand more
       | fundamental things which underlie cognition, such as how human
       | (or mice) memory works, or how the "cognitive maps" which drive
       | spatial navigation generalize to navigation in abstract "concept
       | spaces", how these "concepts" are represented, or how networks of
       | neurons communicate and synchronize for particular tasks, or just
       | figuring out what exactly are those "tasks", the basic
       | computational primitives of adaptation in "lower" animals and
       | insects, let alone humans.
       | 
       | While scientific reductionism has its limitations (e.g. trying to
       | fully describe the complexity of a single neuron in c.elegans is
       | sort of a rabbit hole) you still have to understand at least some
       | of the basic mechanisms, the "LEGO blocks" of cognition, before
       | talking about such higher level of abstraction, especially when
       | it's so ill-defined.
       | 
       | I think Feynman' definition of "cargo cult science" is
       | appropriate here, where we are trying to explain our perception
       | of reality via superficial "neural correlates", or attaching to
       | it these arbitrary "complexity theories", etc., without
       | understanding the fundamental driving factors, mechanics and
       | constraints of perception, the "why" and "how" first.
        
         | kovek wrote:
         | Qualia is the ability to experience for example the color red.
         | Or the color blue. An exercise... The universe is interesting,
         | it contains some fields, some particles, some quarks, protons,
         | electrons, photons. Some places don't have light and others do
         | have light. The universe is even more interesting by the fact
         | that it also contains experience. For some reason we see
         | colors. It is absolutely true. Another thing that we experience
         | is thoughts. They are all different allocations/structures of
         | attention, but they are undeniable parts of the universe.
        
           | jahnu wrote:
           | To be a bit more precise, qualia are not the ability but they
           | are the actual experiential event. The sensation, the
           | conscious experience of seeing red.
           | 
           | What qualia are made up of are not easy to be accurate about.
           | My favourite thought experiment that interrogates this
           | question is,
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_argument
        
             | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
             | That's a transparently poor argument because it assumes
             | that Mary's knowledge is complete.
             | 
             | Of course it isn't. We have a very poor understanding of
             | brain states. So all we can say is that Mary will learn
             | something new _today_. But it 's not reasonable to extend
             | this to an assumption that a physicalist explanation of
             | qualia is impossible _in principle_ and will become
             | available in the future.
             | 
             | As it happens I'm not a physicalist, and I suspect - but
             | can't prove - that physicalism won't solve this problem.
             | 
             | But I also don't like poor arguments, and I think the
             | Knowledge Argument is not a good one.
             | 
             | The problem is more fundamental. Qualia are definitively
             | subjective and the only way to prove that physicalism
             | explains them is to somehow make them objective - with some
             | kind of qualia-ometer. Or consciousness-ometer. Or
             | something similar.
             | 
             | That doesn't mean finding correlates - neural states,
             | chemical processes, quantum uncertainty, whatever. It means
             | being able to measure experience itself.
             | 
             | Without that you can build simulacra that show all the
             | correlates, and possibly behave as if they're conscious.
             | 
             | But all you've done is built a robot. You can't prove it
             | actually has experience - including self-awareness - unless
             | you can measure experience with objective instrumentation.
             | 
             | This is a nice paradox, because it requires science to
             | measure subjectivity itself.
             | 
             | It may or may not be possible. But clearly it's not
             | possible now, and is unlikely to become possible any time
             | soon.
        
               | SuoDuanDao wrote:
               | I wonder, might the fact that 'observation' has
               | measurable effects, e.g. in the double-slit experiment,
               | be a vector for inquiry into the question of qualia? I
               | don't need to observe the path of a photon in the DSE to
               | know whether someone else has observed it if I can see
               | the presence or absence of an interference pattern. If we
               | get better at formalising what 'observation' means in
               | that context, do you think it could be used to arrive at
               | a measure of subjectivity?
        
               | sidlls wrote:
               | "But all you've done is built a robot. You can't prove it
               | actually has experience - including self-awareness -
               | unless you can measure experience with objective
               | instrumentation."
               | 
               | We build things all the time based on the models of the
               | universe we've got. Your argument strikes me as more or
               | less saying, "sure, we built that jet engine, but unless
               | we can measure what 'being a jet engine' is we've just
               | not really built the complete, real thing."
               | 
               | If we build a thing that appears to have "experiences"
               | indistinguishably from how humans appear to, then that is
               | it. That is, the notion of "experience," as you describe
               | it, is more or less meaningless in the context of the
               | very physical world we occupy.
        
           | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
           | What is thought? What is a thought?
        
         | goatlover wrote:
         | How about consciousness is color, sound, taste, smell, tactile
         | and other bodily sensations in perception, dreams, memories,
         | imagination, hallucinations and other mental states. Pain isn't
         | a fuzzy concept. You are well acquainted with what pain feels
         | like for you.
        
         | WithinReason wrote:
         | My favorite description of consciousness is from Max Tegmark:
         | 
         | "I think that consciousness is the way information feels when
         | being processed in certain complex ways."
        
           | namero999 wrote:
           | It strikes me as inconsequential since it presupposes that
           | which is trying to characterize: feeling.
        
         | civilized wrote:
         | I send "AI" to the spam folder in general. No one who is
         | actually doing AI calls it AI. It's only called AI in glossy
         | consultant brochures with stock images of a man in a business
         | suit surfing through a tunnel of glowing blue numbers.
        
           | cscurmudgeon wrote:
           | https://aaai.org
           | 
           | https://www.ijcai.org
           | 
           | It is used by researchers.
        
             | civilized wrote:
             | The exceptions that prove the rule. These are the most
             | consultant-surfing-glowing-blue-number-flavored
             | conferences.
        
           | telmo wrote:
           | Everyone calls it AI. It just so happens that it became a
           | large field, so people tend to say that they work in Machine
           | Learning, or Reinforcement Learning, or Evolutionary
           | Computation. The same as in any other field really.
           | 
           | Also: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/artificial-
           | intelligence
        
           | systemsignal wrote:
           | OpenAI?
        
             | inter_netuser wrote:
             | Not researchers, according to the peanut gallery.
             | 
             | I'm quite certain Demis Hassabis uses the term regularly,
             | Nature should unpublish him.
        
         | simonh wrote:
         | Science is about finding the answers to questions, and
         | philosophy is about working out what the right questions are,
         | which can be surprisingly tricky. The two progress hand in
         | hand. Philosophy isn't just 'bad science'.
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | Feynman was perhaps a little bit too skeptical of some things.
         | 
         | Everything at one time escaped basic explanation from parts
         | (and there always will be, you can't really explain _why_ the
         | standard model, or whatever more fundamental system which might
         | surpass it)
         | 
         | Consciousness is on the edge of being understood quite a lot
         | better as neurobiology is progressing quite quickly.
        
           | willis936 wrote:
           | All that it reveals is that our suspicions of ontological
           | nihilism were likely correct all along. The universe does not
           | give you purpose or reason. You make your own.
        
             | yazanobeidi wrote:
             | That is not completely correct. We have inherent biological
             | drives from lower level temperature regulation and such to
             | nutrition intake and on an even higher level a proclivity
             | for social interaction including reproduction. The ways
             | these frames can be aligned and satisfied are not infinite.
             | So some level of constraints and requirements are pre-
             | specified. A person's chosen behaviour must fit within this
             | structure and that of others for it to be sustainable.
        
         | neonological wrote:
         | Consciousness doesn't really exist universally as a concept.
         | It's purely a human thing.
         | 
         | For example music. Music is just a series of sounds patterned
         | in a specific way. Not any pattern of sound can be music but a
         | pattern of sound following a very specific set of thousands of
         | human centric rules that are too complex to formalize
         | represents music. A formalization certainly exists but writing
         | it down or deducing these rules would result in something
         | that's 10000 pages long. These rules are completely arbitrary
         | and a product of biological evolution. Music in a sense is just
         | a made up category of immense complexity but the key point
         | remains the same. The category is made up and completely
         | arbitrary.
         | 
         | The same can be said of consciousness. It's just a certain type
         | of intelligence that posseses thousands of attributes that are
         | too numerous in number to fully write down. Like music, the
         | rules defining consciousness are arbitrary. It doesn't
         | represent anything fundamental about the universe it's just a
         | word very specific to the human experience.
         | 
         | This trying to understand intelligence through the "lens" of
         | consciousness is a biased and erroneous venture. It's more an
         | exploration of human biology then it is an investigation of a
         | foundational universal theory of logic and intelligence.
        
         | oceanplexian wrote:
         | I agree with this. There are so many philosophical debates out
         | there regarding what happens after we die, if animals are
         | "conscious", if computers or AI could have "consciousness", but
         | in my opinion it's all a big illusion created out of our own
         | egos as a rationalization for our existence.
         | 
         | We are biological machines. Sure, we have an awareness of
         | ourselves, but so do computers in some contexts; for example
         | you could argue a certain types of self-modifying or monitoring
         | code has an awareness of itself. It's already been proven that
         | animals have an awareness of themselves when looking in a
         | mirror, such as Dolphins, Chimpanzees, etc. Humans may be a bit
         | further along in our cognitive development but there is no
         | obvious point where you can say "Humans are conscious" because
         | we're all somewhere on a sliding scale of intelligence and
         | self-awareness.
        
           | throwdecro wrote:
           | > you could argue a certain types of self-modifying or
           | monitoring code has an awareness of itself.
           | 
           | Having a representation of itself doesn't mean it has an
           | awareness of itself.
        
             | mach1ne wrote:
             | Isn't that precisely what it means? You are aware of
             | something, thus you can take it and its aspects into
             | consideration in your calculations. You have a
             | representation of yourself - same thing. Of course your
             | representation may not be completely accurate, but what
             | perception would be.
        
               | jcims wrote:
               | _Vegans entered the chat_
               | 
               | (sorry) This would mean, at a minimum, that every
               | biological entity down to single cell organisms are
               | conscious. They could be, I don't know.
        
               | andybak wrote:
               | > Isn't that precisely what it means?
               | 
               | Maybe or maybe not. This is the nub of the debate. I
               | would argue that answering "yes" to this is a partial
               | endorsement of pan-psychism. If the ability to experience
               | qualia is property of certain algorithms or types of
               | information flow then it's a fundemental property of the
               | universe.
               | 
               | Thought experiments about p-zombies and mind simulation
               | are an interesting litmus test to separate different
               | points of view on this.
        
             | kitd wrote:
             | You say that as an outsider able to view both code and its
             | representation. The code itself only 'sees' its
             | representation as itself.
        
           | systemsignal wrote:
           | There is actual an obvious point...
           | 
           | Everytime you wake up in the morning.
           | 
           | Some work detecting it as well for medical reasons
           | https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.3006294
        
         | namero999 wrote:
         | Yes, it's fuzzy just because there doesn't seem to be a general
         | widespread agreement on terminology, even among "experts", so
         | that someone uses the word consciousness meaning something
         | completely different than someone else. It seems that each time
         | one wants to embark in a consciousness discussion, there should
         | be a glossary preamble to specify definitions.
         | 
         | Regardless of the breadth of the spectrum of definitions, at
         | the very bottom you find phenomenal consciousness. The given,
         | undeniable fact that "it feels like something". We don't have a
         | plausible avenue, not even in principle, to even start
         | addressing this fact of existence, to the point that the most
         | rational stance is to assume that it is fundamental in nature.
        
         | chmsky00 wrote:
         | You ignore all the dumb ideas that came before Feynman. Falsify
         | a theory specifically. Hand waving it away with gatekeeping
         | weak.
         | 
         | IMO Biology explains consciousness fine. Reinforcement of
         | sensory data given repeat exposure leaves agency memory.
         | 
         | I think "higher abstraction" is such a flimsy term as to be
         | meaningless.
         | 
         | Nothing is more or less abstract. It's just the abstract it
         | needs to be to "exist". Humans are the abstract they need to be
         | to exist on Earth.
         | 
         | This idea there's layers of abstraction and meaning beyond what
         | we can know literally is just a neural implant from years of
         | having tribal elders dictating we fetishize a small set of bad
         | ideas ad naseum, we conjure alternatives in order to escape.
        
         | r3trohack3r wrote:
         | I'm not sure it's fuzzy. Hard to describe with words, sure, but
         | not fuzzy. I have a high degree of certainty when someone else
         | is talking about their own consciousness and when they're not.
         | 
         | For example, when an optometrist or neurologist talks about
         | "sight" they're talking about the biochemical mechanisms that
         | allow us to see. When I read Plato say "I see therefor I am" it
         | was clear to me he was describing the metaphysical act of
         | personal perception. He was describing the "observer" that was
         | present in the moment, perceiving the biochemical process, not
         | sight itself.
         | 
         | Consciousness is something you likely have. But we (humans)
         | don't know what it is. To my knowledge, we don't even know
         | where to start looking for it. Consciousness belongs to the
         | mystics today, by default, because science can not claim it.
         | There isn't something we can hold and point to saying "this,
         | this is what the mystics call a soul."
        
           | MaxBarraclough wrote:
           | > Consciousness belongs to the mystics today, by default,
           | because science can not claim it.
           | 
           | Science doesn't yet have an answer, but that doesn't grant
           | the mystics any credibility. There is no 'by default' when we
           | don't know. I'm reminded of a Dawkins quote:
           | 
           | Lecturer: _Scientists answer questions of 'how'. If your
           | question is 'why', I refer you to the theologians._
           | 
           | Dawkins: _Why the theologians? Why not the gardeners?_
           | 
           | (Trivia: If I recall correctly, Dawkins didn't actually give
           | this response, he thought it up far too late.)
           | 
           | > There isn't something we can hold and point to saying
           | "this, this is what the mystics call a soul."
           | 
           | That isn't a game-over, though.
           | 
           | The same goes for information processing, but we're fairly
           | confident in what we call a 'computer'.
           | 
           | You can't hold a center-of-gravity, but we're able to reason
           | about those pretty clearly.
        
             | r3trohack3r wrote:
             | I think you misunderstood me. In the vacuum of science
             | providing an answer, someone will.
             | 
             | > Dawkins: Why the theologians? Why not the gardeners?
             | 
             | I've never heard this. My initial reaction is that "god"
             | exists in the unknown. Asking "why go to the mystics for
             | mystical stuff" is a tautology. If you go to the gardener
             | with a question unanswered by science, and they have an
             | answer, they're a mystic (or have made a scientific
             | breakthrough).
             | 
             | > You can't hold a center-of-gravity, but we're able to
             | reason about those pretty clearly.
             | 
             | Consciousness is not understood. Full stop. We don't know
             | what manifests it. We don't know where it comes from. We
             | don't know where it goes.
             | 
             | We've scratched the surface of the biological mechanisms
             | that give rise to the phenomenon we experience. If you look
             | at me and see a biological computer, I think your statement
             | holds. But when I look at me, in a mirror, I see a
             | biological vessel I occupy; and I don't know what "I" is.
             | 
             | Trying to oversell our understanding of the universe and
             | our place in it does a disservice to science and the work
             | left to be done.
        
         | inter_netuser wrote:
         | In your view, is information a fundamental or emergent
         | phenomena in physics?
        
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