[HN Gopher] Cloudflare's Disruption
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Cloudflare's Disruption
        
       Author : oedmarap
       Score  : 331 points
       Date   : 2021-09-30 15:15 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (stratechery.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (stratechery.com)
        
       | tyingq wrote:
       | It feels like if they released a serverless/Lambda equivalent
       | they would start taking a lot of business from the big 3. Workers
       | are somewhat close, but the v8/isolate pattern limits them to
       | narrower use cases. A more traditional serverless that could sit
       | at the center and be optionally fronted by Workers would be nice.
        
         | gervwyk wrote:
         | 100% agree with this. Running docker images on serverless is
         | really great and allows you to deploy your environment to any
         | provider with minimal effort. would be cool if they can add
         | something like this, even if it does not provide 0s startup
         | time..
        
         | mwcampbell wrote:
         | To me, that's like saying that web browsers should be able to
         | run existing native applications, so we can lift and shift more
         | existing code. But just as JavaScript-based web applications
         | enabled frictionless code distribution on the client side,
         | JavaScript-based Cloudflare Workers is doing the same on the
         | server side. Sometimes progress requires breaking backward
         | compatibility, and I think this is one of those cases. And I'm
         | confident that there will be other runtime environments that
         | emulate Cloudflare Workers, mitigating the risk of vendor lock-
         | in.
        
           | tyingq wrote:
           | I'm skeptical that JavaScript and WASM are anywhere near
           | being suitable for any and all backend services.
           | 
           | For example, Cloudflare workers can't even talk to the
           | outside world with anything other than fetch(). There's
           | websockets, but only as a pair to talk to a browser that
           | connected to you.
           | 
           | I'm a fan of Workers, but they do have limitations.
        
             | mwcampbell wrote:
             | Likewise, there was a time when microcomputers weren't
             | suitable for many applications. Sometimes a new approach
             | (edit: and ultimately a better one) has to start at the low
             | end and work its way up.
        
         | cholmon wrote:
         | Cloudflare acquiring fly.io would be interesting to see.
        
           | brightball wrote:
           | Cloudflare acquiring Lumen and Fly would be interesting to
           | see.
           | 
           | All of Lumen's value is in the nationwide backbone fiber
           | although they are trying to make a play in edge computing.
           | IMO those fiber assets in the hands of a company like CF
           | combined with a service like Fly would be pretty incredible.
        
           | phn wrote:
           | I'd bet more on them using their internal stack/expertise
           | from building workers.
        
           | natrys wrote:
           | While this doesn't preclude your scenario, note that
           | cloudflare acquired appfleet recently, which was a similar
           | service:
           | 
           | https://appfleet.com/pricing
           | 
           | https://appfleet.com/blog/appfleet-joins-cloudflare/
        
           | rattray wrote:
           | As I was reading this article, I thought to myself, oh, this
           | is the acquirer fly.io has in mind...
        
             | mrkurt wrote:
             | I think we're a year ahead of Cloud Flare on learning but
             | we do not want to be acquired. They also don't like us
             | much.
        
               | gingerlime wrote:
               | when can we see some real competition with CF? as in
               | offering a modular CDN, WAF, etc? Your build-your-CDN
               | blog post left me hoping you'll build one for us :)
        
               | rattray wrote:
               | > They also don't like us much
               | 
               | Huh, that's too bad! Meaning they've caused trouble for
               | your customers? Definitely disappointing to hear...
        
               | mrkurt wrote:
               | Oh no. I don't want to imply anything nefarious. I think
               | we've just been irritating.
        
               | rhizome wrote:
               | That's what they all say.
        
               | mrkurt wrote:
               | Sometimes it's a negotiation stance. Sometimes it just
               | means "getting acquired sucks and we would rather do our
               | own thing in the way that we think is best". Like this
               | time!
        
         | boynamedsue wrote:
         | A big turn off for me is wanting to use Python on Cloudflare
         | Workers and then reading that it needs to compile to
         | JavaScript.
         | 
         | https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/platform/languages
        
           | mdasen wrote:
           | I definitely understand that Cloudflare Workers are likely to
           | be unsatisfying as a Lambda replacement for people who want
           | to use a language like Python.
           | 
           | I think there is a decent reason why Cloudflare, at least
           | initially, went the route that it did. V8 Isolates allow them
           | to run code from many different people without many of the
           | cold-start, memory, and performance issues of offering a more
           | full environment. V8 Isolates allow them to be a lot more
           | efficient than something like Lambda. It does come with the
           | cost of being more limited for things like language support.
           | 
           | I think it's a pretty good bet. Lots of people are
           | comfortable with JavaScript/TypeScript (even if you or I
           | don't love it) and WebAssembly is likely to become a decently
           | supported compilation target over the next 5 years from a lot
           | more languages. Microsoft has done a lot for C#/.NET support
           | of WebAssembly and it should be quite good with .NET 6 coming
           | in 2 months. Python, Go, and many other languages have at
           | least some support for WebAssembly and it seems like that
           | will only get better over time.
           | 
           | I definitely understand it being a turn-off. If you haven't
           | read their post introducing them, I'd read it:
           | https://blog.cloudflare.com/cloud-computing-without-
           | containe.... It doesn't solve your problem, but I think it's
           | a good read on why they made that trade-off.
        
             | boynamedsue wrote:
             | Good explanation! Helped my understanding of their choices.
             | :)
        
       | busymom0 wrote:
       | The post right about this post on HN's front page is titled
       | "Slack is experiencing a service disruption". So for a second I
       | thought CF was having some disruption (outage) which caused Slack
       | to go down.
        
       | 72f988bf wrote:
       | > S3's margin is R2's opportunity
       | 
       | Indeed, it looks like "your margin is my opportunity" motto can
       | work both ways for Amazon :)
        
       | janandonly wrote:
       | After reading this I felt the urge to buy Cloudflare stocks...
       | anyone else as well?
        
         | wp381640 wrote:
         | I was at the TC conference - wanted to buy the stock then!
         | 
         | Have bought since the IPO and am super bullish. It seems most
         | Wall St analysts really don't understand the company or
         | business.
        
         | yellow_lead wrote:
         | I wouldn't buy at this price personally. I got in at $15 and
         | again at $60, average price ~40. I might buy more if they dip
         | under $100 though.
        
         | zz865 wrote:
         | They're a progressive company, but price wars are generally not
         | a profitable place to be.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | frakkingcylons wrote:
         | I regret not investing back when durable objects was announced.
         | From a technical perspective, it's a very unique capability.
         | 
         | I had a similar experience with Shopify. I had interactions
         | with them in a company I worked at back in 2015 and regarded
         | them very highly among the e-commerce platforms but didn't buy
         | the stock...
        
         | linuxftw wrote:
         | Same. I'm already long since shortly after the IPO, obviously I
         | wish I invested much more. The passage about fixed bandwidth
         | costs due to relationships with ISPs really resonated with me.
         | 
         | Wish I worked for them and was getting those sweet, sweet RSUs.
        
           | eastdakota wrote:
           | https://cloudflare.com/careers
        
         | rvz wrote:
         | Gave that buy signal years ago since they released their S-1.
         | [0] A train ride that is 500% up from the IPO price.
         | 
         | [0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20707306
        
       | jerf wrote:
       | "More importantly, AWS itself is locked-in to its integrated
       | approach: the entire service is architected both technically and
       | economically to be an all-encompassing offering; to modularize
       | itself in response to Cloudflare would be suicidal."
       | 
       | Eh, somewhat. AWS is already modular in a lot of ways. You want
       | S3? You got it, no matter where you are. (We're talking after
       | them doing some sort of fee drop here.) You want to run exactly
       | one EC2 instance? No problem. You want a message queue? You don't
       | _need_ anything else. You can integrate it with the notification
       | service but it 's optional.
       | 
       | Sure, some of their services are integrated, but a lot of that
       | integration is just "this service pulls from S3 and writes to
       | S3", not massive integration at every level.
       | 
       | There is some stuff that is deeply tied in, yeah. But it's not
       | like every single AWS service is deeply tied into half the other
       | ones and the moment you open an EC2 instance you also are buying
       | into a dozen other services. (It may feel like it if you put
       | together a network and override the default block storage, but
       | that's really just giving you knobs that are simply preset
       | elsewhere, not really "lockin".) A lot of it is already pretty
       | modular.
        
         | heisenbit wrote:
         | Security is a significant integration effort.
        
         | zomiaen wrote:
         | Not on their backend. S3 goes down, nearly everything else
         | does. We found out last year if Kinesis has issues, so does a
         | bunch of other internal AWS services.
        
         | H8crilA wrote:
         | You forgot about the egress fees. Try running BigQuery on a
         | (big) dataset stored in S3. You probably wouldn't even think of
         | that because of how stupid that is at the moment.
        
           | fairramone wrote:
           | This is what BigQuery Omni tries to solve.
        
           | GordonS wrote:
           | The big 3 have gotten away with crazy egress pricing for too
           | long - I'm really hoping that Cloudflare's R2 puts a huge
           | spotlight on egress bandwidth price gouging by AWS, Azure and
           | GCP, and further hoping that they reduce pricing in response.
           | 
           | With the huge margins they must have on egress bandwidth, I'm
           | not holding my breath though.
        
             | datavirtue wrote:
             | Have you ever had to pay for your own business internet
             | connection that is offered by ISPs for the purpose of
             | serving unlimited requests? It is not cheap, at all. Your
             | home and/or business internet connection is a joke compared
             | to that type of service.
             | 
             | I don't think they have huge margins on egress at all.
             | There needs to be some incentive for customers of cloud
             | services to minimize bandwidth usage. It is a limited
             | resource.
        
               | GordonS wrote:
               | Nope, plenty of server hosts provide bandwidth for free,
               | or near enough.
               | 
               | Just one example is Hetzner, who include 20TB of
               | bandwidth, with anything over that charged at just
               | EUR1/TB.
               | 
               | Meanwhile, AWS is gouging at EUR80/TB.
        
               | ianlevesque wrote:
               | You don't think they do, but Cloudflare estimated AWS'
               | markup is 7959% here https://blog.cloudflare.com/aws-
               | egregious-egress/
        
               | vbernat wrote:
               | To move bytes out of network, you need more than a
               | transit contract. You need routers, you need people to
               | operate them. All this is absent from Cloudflare's blog
               | post. With the example provided on South Korea, the
               | conclusion should be that the egress fees are only
               | marginally infuenced by the transit cost.
        
               | elithrar wrote:
               | The blog post on egress speaks to that - but the true
               | scale at which the major clouds buy hardware and deploy
               | it - just changes the dynamics here. We're (collectively)
               | not used to seeing products marked up to such an extent.
               | 
               | The $/Mbps prices there - about $6k/Tbps in the US - are
               | based in reality and are absolutely reflective of what it
               | costs, hardware, software, redundancy and all - for an
               | effectively 1Tbps pipe.
               | 
               | If you're pricing as $/GB on top of that capacity and
               | keep it reasonably heavily utilized--which can be hard
               | given diurnal demand--the margins only get better!
               | Products like Glacier (S3) exist to fill exactly those
               | gaps.
               | 
               | (Note: currently work at Cloudflare, but wasn't part of
               | this blog and I've been around a bit...)
        
               | ohazi wrote:
               | > Have you ever had to pay for your own business internet
               | connection that is offered by ISPs for the purpose of
               | serving unlimited requests?
               | 
               | Come on, Amazon is not serving traffic through a Comcast
               | business connection, they're peering directly with other
               | large operators for free or for next to nothing.
        
               | gravypod wrote:
               | In the few times I've priced blended connections at most
               | Colo locations unmetered 10G is ~500/month to
               | ~1000/month.
               | 
               | 5Gbps*1 month is ~1.5 PB. AWS is about 0.02/gb or
               | ~30k/1.5pb.
               | 
               | Approximately 30x the cost.
               | 
               | These are old numbers for specific use cases so I'm not
               | sure how much that has changed.
        
               | rstupek wrote:
               | AWS bandwidth is definitely over priced however the
               | comparison to an unmetered colo isn't quite fair. What
               | happens when that unmetered colo gets hit by a 100G ddos
               | attack? Everything you have on it goes down?
        
           | jasode wrote:
           | _> Try running BigQuery on a (big) dataset stored in S3._
           | 
           | Seems like a pathological use case to run a query engine on
           | one cloud provider datacenter (Google) against the disk
           | storage at another cloud provider (Amazon).
           | 
           | Even if egress were $0, I still wouldn't want to do that. I
           | want queries to run as fast as they can and the WAN link
           | bandwidth is opposed to that.
           | 
           | Is there anything about BigQuery that would compel anyone to
           | do that instead of just using AWS RedShift?
        
             | zwayhowder wrote:
             | My experience in most enterprises is that we don't get to
             | pick all the tools and sometimes we don't even get asked
             | our opinion. Recent case: The data team picked S3 for
             | storage, and they picked Power BI for analysis. Don't ask
             | me why they didn't ask my opinion at the time (What would I
             | know, I'm only the principal cloud architect here).
             | 
             | Things like operational overhead don't always get a look in
             | when a team has convinced someone with the purchasing
             | authority that tool X is going to solve all their problems.
             | Even if the entire org has zero experience with it and it's
             | going to have flow on effects.
             | 
             | A recent example at one of my customers was a team deciding
             | to outsource a platform to the provider. (Outsource, not
             | SaaS it's a managed service hosted in AWS). I told them the
             | network design and AWS build on our side to join the two
             | would require significant effort and they said that's fine.
             | Now we've spent almost their entire budget for the move on
             | just working out how to connect their VPC to ours (there
             | are some legislated controls we had to put in place and the
             | vendor architects were less than helpfull). Of course it's
             | all my team's fault because we are the ones who say "you
             | can't just plug the two together" and it would be much
             | better if we had a "can-do attitude like the other team
             | instead of naysaying all the time."
        
             | paunchy wrote:
             | Keep in mind that most of the big three regions are located
             | in the same metro area, often times right across the street
             | from one another. They have private network peering that
             | circumvents WAN circuits, your data is literally transiting
             | between ethernet ports on the same switch.
             | 
             | So generally speaking, latency and bandwidth between
             | services is not a significant concern. It's all about
             | egress billing.
        
           | jerf wrote:
           | No, I didn't. This is in the context of a discussion of what
           | happens if AWS lowers egress fees to compete with Cloudflare
           | by going "modular".
        
       | throwaway1777 wrote:
       | I wonder how this relates to 5G which also pushes more storage
       | and even compute to the edge.
        
         | frakkingcylons wrote:
         | Wouldn't edge infra be more important for slower cellular
         | connections?
        
       | julianlam wrote:
       | I find it deliciously ironic that CloudFlare is eating AWS' lunch
       | with their launch of R2, after Amazon did basically the same
       | thing with a bunch of their services built upon open source
       | projects.
       | 
       | I suppose it's now corporations stealing market share from each
       | other...
        
         | formerly_proven wrote:
         | > I suppose it's now corporations stealing market share from
         | each other...
         | 
         | Uhm, what did you think a market is?
        
           | mushbino wrote:
           | Corporations colluding to fix prices as high as possible?
        
         | up6w6 wrote:
         | I dont think CloudFlare R2 competing with AWS S3 is a fair
         | comparasion to what Amazon did to open-source projects...
        
         | wmfiv wrote:
         | "Eating AWS's lunch" seems quite speculative. R2 is a blog
         | post. S3 is the industry standard to the extent that everyone
         | else creates products based on a subset of the S3 API. S3 is
         | also a cornerstone of the AWS ecosystems which has enormous
         | gravitational pull.
         | 
         | Cloudfare is an exciting company with a lot of great products.
         | But they're less than 1% the size of AWS or Azure. Let's see
         | what happens.
        
       | bob-a-fet wrote:
       | Can we use R2 for video? Workers KV prohibit use for video. Video
       | streaming is the #1 growth area since the pandemic. Why is it
       | that we can use it and Workers KV to store images but not video
       | (chunked) ?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | vjust wrote:
       | I like this. AWS feels like a proprietary mainframe system (will
       | get downvoted for saying this).
       | 
       | Anytime a majority of developer job postings mention a specific
       | product/company certifications, (think PMP, or Microsoft
       | developer certs) , its time to pivot your skill sets.
        
       | aborsy wrote:
       | AWS Lightsail now offers S3 object storage with reduced egress
       | fees: 250 GB storage, 500 GB transfer, 5$/month.
       | 
       | With standard S3, that egress traffic would cost 45$ -50$.
       | 
       | Sounds like AWS is competing with itself.
        
       | muttantt wrote:
       | Cloudflare is incredibly undervalued as a public company.
        
         | wmfiv wrote:
         | It's priced at almost 100x revenue.
        
         | el_nahual wrote:
         | Kind of. It's undervalued in the sense that it's a growing
         | business that will probably track "the growth of the internet"
         | (so, will continue growing for a long, long time).
         | 
         | It's _not_ undervalued in that quarterly revenue are $152.4
         | million, on a market cap of $35 _billion_ dollars, for a
         | staggering multiple of 57 times revenue.
         | 
         | Edit: Had quarterly earnings instead of revenue.
        
           | adventured wrote:
           | By earnings I take it you mean revenue or sales, based on the
           | rest of the text about the revenue multiple. Typically
           | earnings refers to profit in one form or another (often it
           | means after-tax profit, sometimes operating profit).
           | 
           | Cloudflare of course has no earnings. Their operating loss
           | last quarter was $28.8 million. Their operating loss for the
           | past four quarters was $106 million.
           | 
           | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/earnings.asp
        
             | el_nahual wrote:
             | Correct, edited my comment to show revenue. I'm old enough
             | to remember a time when an "undefined" P/E ratio would have
             | raised eyebrows.
        
           | H8crilA wrote:
           | Wow, that pricing and the amount of hype around the co really
           | makes me want to short it, looks very asymmetric (good case
           | already priced in with a huuuge range of possible outcomes).
           | Not gonna do it though, learned my lesson with Tesla, there
           | is always a better than best case waiting to get priced in.
        
       | dabinat wrote:
       | I thought I could save money by hosting some backend services in-
       | house but soon realized it ended up being more expensive than EC2
       | solely because of the egress fees.
       | 
       | So whether or not Amazon intended it that way, it functions as
       | something that's anti-competitive because it forces you to go
       | all-in with AWS.
        
       | eruleman wrote:
       | A great example of counter-positioning. Cloudflare is positioning
       | itself in the market in a way that its competitor (AWS) cannot
       | replicate -- their lock-in is predicated on egress fees.
        
         | simonebrunozzi wrote:
         | Oracle was to Amazon what Amazon will be to Cloudflare.
        
       | tommek4077 wrote:
       | How was it ever possible for S3 to take such a market share. Or
       | is this market share not existing? Coming from the 90ies I could
       | never imagine paying for outgoing traffic when already paying for
       | a server with internet connection. There was a.early time where
       | you would get throttled to 100MBit (and much earlier in time to
       | 10MBit/s) but this is long gone. What do you do with S3 that such
       | prices seem fair for anything other than rarely accessed files?
        
         | kondro wrote:
         | They were first and from a featureset and reliability
         | perspective, S3 is still unparalleled.
         | 
         | That coupled with storage costs that were always very
         | competitive and the fact you had unlimited scale and PAYG
         | pricing got a lot of people hooked.
         | 
         | It's going to take a long time for S3 customers who have
         | experienced pretty amazing uptime and reliability for the
         | entire life of the service to put the same level of trust in
         | something else.
         | 
         | CF did a really smart thing by making R2 be able to operate as
         | a transparent caching-replica of S3.
        
         | fabian2k wrote:
         | I'm a big fan of just renting real hardware and running stuff
         | there for a fraction of the price of the Cloud, if it fits your
         | use case.
         | 
         | But doing durable storage yourself, especially once the amounts
         | get a bit unwieldy is scary. For low amounts of data you can
         | get away with just making plenty of copies in different places,
         | but that gets much more difficult once it's a serious amount of
         | data. Object storage is the most appealing service even if you
         | want to do most of the stuff yourself. And this is an area
         | where an established track record is important, you don't want
         | to store your data if you're not sure the service is reliable.
        
         | simonebrunozzi wrote:
         | I know why; I was there! (first AWS employee in EU, 2008,
         | stayed there until 2014).
         | 
         | Back then, using traditional IT providers or internal IT
         | services, you needed weeks, paperwork, etc, to get any storage
         | or compute.
         | 
         | Then AWS arrives, and you could have infinite storage, or tens
         | of EC2 instances, within a few minutes. And pay with a freaking
         | credit card!
         | 
         | It didn't matter that AWS' performance was abysmal at the time.
         | Or that AWS was expensive. AWS solved a huge pain point for
         | millions of people, and that's why it became a market leader.
         | 
         | Price is not the only thing that matters.
        
         | schoolornot wrote:
         | Consolidated billing. AWS could in fact raise prices across the
         | board and all my previous companies would continue to pay them
         | and not care one bit. Finance departments love AWS bills and
         | the simple annual negotiations that come with them.
        
         | Macha wrote:
         | For one, you only get billed for outgoing traffic from AWS. So
         | if all your infra is on AWS, you're not paying for that.
         | Secondly the ease of use is a lot compared to back when you had
         | to buy a bunch of servers to put hard drives in - remember s3
         | was one of the first aws services, alongside ec2.
         | 
         | If your load wasn't high, cause you're a startup or whatever,
         | then paying the extra premium on the storage to save the
         | engineering effort of building your own storage cluster worked
         | out. Then when you were big, those egress costs had you locked
         | out.
         | 
         | Plus add in thoughts about having to maintain infra vs aws do
         | it for you and you had a lot of developer blogs/marketing sites
         | of tech companies/whatever just serve on s3 since it was easy
         | to use and the absolute cost for such a product is low enough
         | that they didn't care about the relative cost of s3 vs other
         | services.
        
           | zerocrates wrote:
           | Unless things have changed I'm not sure it's accurate that
           | you only get charged for external traffic on AWS: I recall
           | having pretty substantial charges internal to AWS just for
           | traffic between different AZs in the same region, for
           | example.
        
             | api wrote:
             | Yes they all do this. I've speculated it's to herd people
             | away from running their own consensus databases and toward
             | their managed services.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | I suspect Cloudflare and any clones could set up their
           | peering agreements with Cloud providers in such a way that
           | they're exposed as a feature. First tier Cloud providers
           | probably won't bite because it would open the door to people
           | migrating out of their data centers.
           | 
           | Second tier Cloud providers would eat that up, since it would
           | democratize things more. Even if a competitor gets the
           | customer, at least it's not the guy who is waging a war of
           | attrition against you.
        
           | tommek4077 wrote:
           | Virtual servers are a thing since ... forever on the
           | Internet. At least since mid-nineties you had not to think
           | about getting hard drives into servers, if you would not
           | wanted to.
        
             | acdha wrote:
             | Yes, and that's like saying that you don't understand why
             | people eat at restaurants when there's field full of
             | cauliflower. If you're comparing it to S3, using virtual
             | servers means you're now taking on responsibility for
             | configuring, operating, and securing replicated file
             | storage in at least 3 geographically separated regions,
             | scaling it when you start to fill up those local disks,
             | building an API on top of that, and providing web-based
             | access. Don't forget things like bitrot detection and
             | prevention, storage encryption, centralized logging, event-
             | based triggers, lifecycle management policies, tiering onto
             | cheaper storage either by policy or automatically.
             | 
             | For many organizations, the 24x7 staffing needed to provide
             | an equivalent service alone would pay for their entire
             | storage cost multiple times over. Even if your scale is
             | sufficient to allow beating that, you are likely to have
             | more compelling problems for that time to be spent on.
             | 
             | (This is not saying that the egress charges are great, only
             | that I completely understand why many, many people decided
             | it was an acceptable tradeoff)
        
             | Macha wrote:
             | VPSes were usually not cost effective either if what you
             | wanted was a big pool of storage space. The big growth
             | opportunity for S3 was the companies that would otherwise
             | run their own SANs, not the startup that was going to run
             | on a couple of VPSes or shared hosting otherwise.
             | 
             | Even the startups that grew, they might start on a VPS
             | provider, but outgrow them. S3 managed to scale with them
             | and retain them as customers.
        
       | raywu wrote:
       | Good write up. Classic Christensen.
        
         | jgrahamc wrote:
         | When I joined Cloudflare in 2011 Matthew recommended the book.
         | 
         | I bought "The Innovator's Dilemma", read it, and said to myself
         | "OK, we'll do that then".
        
           | alberth wrote:
           | Hi John
           | 
           | Since you're here, would love for Cloudflare to disrupt the
           | DBaaS marketplace.
           | 
           | I already run my entire business on Cloudflare (for services
           | you have) but there is a significant portion of my
           | infrastructure (>50%) I haven't moved over that is dependent
           | upon needing a DBaaS offering. With a DBaaS offering, I could
           | run near 100% of my infrastructure on Cloudflare.
           | 
           | (Workers KV is great btw, but there are so many times where
           | just a traditional RDMS is needed that a key-value store
           | doesn't fill).
        
             | axhl wrote:
             | Just commenting to signal public enthusiasm for this
             | suggestion.
        
             | jgrahamc wrote:
             | Email me your desired functionality. jgc@cloudflare.
        
               | alberth wrote:
               | Will do (and thanks so much as you and the entire
               | Cloudflare team does in listening to customer feedback).
        
               | jgrahamc wrote:
               | Thanks for being a customer and don't hesitate to tell us
               | what we're not getting right.
        
           | bithavoc wrote:
           | Any other book you think has been critical to Cloudflare's
           | successful mindset?
        
             | jgrahamc wrote:
             | Go Like Hell: Ford, Ferrari, and Their Battle for Speed and
             | Glory at Le Mans
        
             | eastdakota wrote:
             | I used to give all new managers at Cloudflare Daniel Pink's
             | book "Drive." Summary of a bunch of interesting research on
             | what really motivates people.
        
               | tomklein wrote:
               | Actually, I bought it right after you told me about it!
               | It's super interesting and I learned a lot from it
        
               | jgrahamc wrote:
               | That's a good one. Also we gave everyone a copy of "Give
               | and Take" by Grant at one point. And I buy anyone a copy
               | of "On Writing Well" by Zinsser.
        
         | eastdakota wrote:
         | http://twitter.com/eastdakota/status/1442871038308618252
        
           | adventured wrote:
           | That's an amazing compliment from Christensen. Give AWS hell
           | Cloudflare, looking forward to using R2.
        
       | m_ke wrote:
       | Cloudflare could really shake things up on the ML side of things.
       | The egress costs and GPU prices on AWS and GPC make them a
       | nonstarter for most companies, forcing people to rack their own
       | hardware.
        
         | mcherm wrote:
         | The company I work for is one example (of MANY) that is finding
         | it quite cost effective to host on AWS as compared to
         | maintaining our own data center.
         | 
         | That being said, I certainly wouldn't mind seeing AWS and
         | Cloudflare get into a price war that lowered egress prices.
        
           | m_ke wrote:
           | Yes we use GCP for production workloads and enjoy the
           | benefits of being to scale at will. I'm strictly speaking
           | about hosting large multi TB datasets and running machine
           | learning training jobs that end up costing thousands of
           | dollars each.
        
         | wmfiv wrote:
         | Most companies except the ones paying AWS/Azure/GCP a combined
         | $100B+ per year and growing fast?
        
           | m_ke wrote:
           | Yes except for the ones that are lighting saudi money on fire
           | by having softbank pay for it.
           | 
           | A lot of ML startups end up buying hardware for training
           | because they can get a GPU for what it would cost them to
           | rent it for 2 months on GCP/AWS.
        
             | wmfiv wrote:
             | That sounds right about ML startups. But ML startups or
             | even venture funded companies are a very small percentage
             | of companies - especially when it comes to spending
             | signficant dollars.
        
               | m_ke wrote:
               | My original comment was referring to companies who train
               | their own machine learning models. They might not be
               | spending the way large slow corporations and the
               | government do but there's a lot of investment in the
               | space and a ton of room for growth.
        
       | ksec wrote:
       | > The service will be called R2 -- "one less than S3," quipped
       | Cloudflare CEO Matthew Prince in an interview with Protocol ahead
       | of Cloudflare's announcement
       | 
       | Oh I never thought of that. So the next one is Q1 and final one
       | would be P0.
        
         | throw_away wrote:
         | Interesting, too, as the unreleased pre-cursors to S3 were
         | called first S5, and then S4.
        
           | discodave wrote:
           | You mean T4 and U5!
           | 
           | Oh wait, pretty sure those are EC2 instance types. :p
        
         | newobj wrote:
         | How is it even a quip? S3 already has "one less than S3", which
         | is called Reduced Redundancy (R2). Just for whatever dumbass
         | reason they branded it RRS :P
         | 
         | https://aws.amazon.com/s3/reduced-redundancy/
        
         | turbonoobie wrote:
         | It'll be interesting to see Pirelli taking a market share in
         | the cloud.
        
         | albert_e wrote:
         | The joke has already been made on twitter ... with AWS folks
         | also jumping in.
         | 
         | https://twitter.com/BentTerp/status/1443083172221161474
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | 'already' as in _before_ 'ahead of Cloudflare's
           | announcement'?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | piaste wrote:
         | And it is likely inspired by the old joke that 2001: A Space
         | Odyssey's HAL was one less than "IBM".
        
           | eastdakota wrote:
           | :-)
        
             | nickreese wrote:
             | I love this so much. THIS is why CF is one of the only
             | companies I'd ever consider working for.
        
               | amenghra wrote:
               | Facebook's csrf cookie and token are named dtsg. I hope
               | that's not the only reason you would also consider
               | working for them.
        
               | nickreese wrote:
               | I was referring more to the context that the CEO is "one
               | of us", he is regularly on HN, and is available via
               | Twitter/email to constructive criticism. I interviewed
               | with CF earlier this year and ultimately decided the
               | timing wasn't right.
               | 
               | Love the company but the touch that the CEO gives a ____
               | really matters to me.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | FigmentEngine wrote:
           | and Windows NT and Digital Vax
           | 
           | WNT<-VMS
        
             | cestith wrote:
             | With many of the main people from the VMS system brought
             | onboard to create NT, too.
        
           | xdennis wrote:
           | I was skeptical that it was a joke since it's quite a big
           | coincidence, but according to Arthur C. Clarke:
           | 
           | > ...about once a week some character spots the fact that HAL
           | is one letter ahead of IBM, and promptly assumes that Stanley
           | and I were taking a crack at the estimable institution ... As
           | it happened, IBM had given us a good deal of help, so we were
           | quite embarrassed by this, and would have changed the name
           | had we spotted the coincidence.
        
       | jiveturkey wrote:
       | > Hotel Seattle
        
       | notacoward wrote:
       | If Cloudflare is able to do this now, why wasn't Akamai able to
       | do exactly the same thing when AWS was still a baby? Serious
       | question. Was it lack of vision? Poor execution? Technology or
       | market just not ready yet? Without such an answer, we might have
       | to consider the possibility that Cloudflare _isn 't_ any more
       | able to do this than Akamai was.
        
         | kondro wrote:
         | When AWS was a baby charging around $0.10/GB for egress I had a
         | quote sitting on my desk from Akamai wanting $1.50/GB for a
         | minimum of 1TB per month.
         | 
         | They were (are?) even more addicted to their egress charges.
        
         | pxtail wrote:
         | I think that the key here is Cloudflare's approach: mainly
         | working in the open - Akamai works kind of "behind the scenes",
         | I don't think that developer working mainly for SMB is even
         | able to try to evaluate their services, besides - just look at
         | their website, it screams "big corps, talk to representative to
         | learn about pricing"
         | 
         | I think that big disadvantage in this approach is that they are
         | not getting "mindshare", in contrast to that people are able to
         | use Cloudflare serivces even for themselves and as they grow
         | professionally CF's constantly increasing amount of solutions
         | is there as something familiar, approachable and ready to use.
        
         | bedhead wrote:
         | All of the above.
        
       | kureikain wrote:
       | Cloudflare is truly amazing.
       | 
       | They almost compete with everyone now.
       | 
       | DNS: They eat simpledns lunch Pages: They eat Netlify lunch
       | Worker: They eat serverless/lambda as in AWS/GCP lunch R2: They
       | eat AWS Lunch
       | 
       | And finally
       | 
       | Email Forwarding: They eat ... my own lunch (I'm founder of
       | hanami.run an email forwarding service)
       | 
       | That's being said, from a user perspective, if my domain is
       | already on CloudFlare, I can just host everything on it.
       | 
       | Right now, cloudflare workers is pretty great to add some dynamic
       | stuff. And pages is great for static site.
        
         | goodpoint wrote:
         | ...and trying to completely corner and monopolize the web.
        
           | 0xdeadb00f wrote:
           | That is, truly, "amazing" as the parent comment puts it.
        
         | meah0 wrote:
         | It feels like a lot of people singing Workers' praises haven't
         | really used them in customer-facing scenarios at large scale.
         | They are useful but there's a lot missing compared to Lambda.
        
         | ajb wrote:
         | Seems like the main misding part is a DB. Wonder what they're
         | doing about that.
        
         | rewma wrote:
         | > They eat serverless/lambda as in AWS/GCP lunch
         | 
         | Aren't Cloudflare Workers a very specialized kind of lambda
         | that's severely resource constrained and whose runtime is
         | capped at 15ms?
         | 
         | If anything Cloudflare Workers compete with Lambda@edge, but
         | it's very disingenuous to compare them with AWS Lambdas and
         | it's completely absurd to claim they eat anyone's lunch.
         | 
         | Cloudflare Workers's usecase is extremely limited and
         | specialized: run a script comprised of a couple lines of code
         | that do not do much at all right at the edge. We're talking
         | about things like adding a response header. Even then they are
         | immediately killed if pretty much they don't exit immediately.
        
           | latchkey wrote:
           | So very limited, but really solve some huge problems.
           | 
           | I run datacenter(s) with thousands of autonomous machines.
           | These machines run a small binary daemon. That daemon needs
           | to check for a new version of itself, which is built/released
           | as a CI push job on github (after all the tests pass).
           | 
           | A super simple CF worker serves as a reverse proxy to the GH
           | API + the download of the binary. For $5/month, I've worked
           | around the GH API limitations, in a massively scalable way.
        
           | Thaxll wrote:
           | Especially since lambdas are tide to the entire AWS
           | ecosystem. It's plugged to cdn / load balancers, s3 ect ...
           | Cloudflare has none of that.
        
           | dragonwriter wrote:
           | Aren't Cloudflare Workers more comparable to AWS Lambda@Edge
           | than regular Lambda?
        
             | rewma wrote:
             | > Aren't Cloudflare Workers more comparable to AWS
             | Lambda@Edge than regular Lambda?
             | 
             | Yes that's my point. Unlike AWS Lambda, the usefulness of
             | Cloudflare Workers is very specialized and narrow, like
             | adding response headers or update a response document.
             | 
             | AWS Lambdas on the other hand can run freely for over
             | 15min, have virtually no limit in how much RAM they can
             | use, and can be pushed as a Docker image with a max size of
             | 10GB.
             | 
             | If that is not enough, AWS Lambdas can be tied together
             | into workflows with AWS step function.
             | 
             | Therefore, for anyone to claim that Cloudflare Workers win
             | over AWS Lambdas, either they have no idea what AWS Lambdas
             | are or have no idea what Cloudflare Workers are.
        
               | kureikain wrote:
               | Here is my use case: I have a static site to process form
               | and referral. It used to run on AWS Lambda. I migrated
               | them to Cloudflare workers. Deployment, code editing etc
               | is much easier.
               | 
               | And no, it's fully act as a standalone app. I define the
               | route to to route a part of traffic to the worker, other
               | parts to our pages app.
               | 
               | For me, it works great and replace my aws lambda usage.
        
           | kondro wrote:
           | No.
           | 
           | The all-inclusive Lambda workers are limited to 50ms of
           | _actual_ CPU runtime and can execute forever (i.e. hours) for
           | IO bound workloads, as long as you stay below the 50 network
           | requests per execution. And for that they cost $0.50
           | /million, have unlimited in/egress bandwidth and free in-DC
           | caching.
           | 
           | But they also have a more AWS-like pricing option that's
           | about 20% cheaper and charges per request, per GB-hour (for
           | runtime, not actual CPU usage) and for bandwidth with a
           | maximum runtime of 15 minutes.
           | 
           | They also have Durable Workers which provide you global
           | singleton persistent functions for stateful architecture.
           | 
           | If you haven't had a look at CF's serverless stuff for a
           | while, it's worth a look again.
        
       | pjf wrote:
       | > Cloudflare's unique advantages in a world where the Internet is
       | increasingly fragmented
       | 
       | Wait, it's the opposite, at least on the infrastructure side. The
       | Internet is increasingly centralized, due to Cloudflare and other
       | big players.
        
       | aborsy wrote:
       | Would this compel AWS to eliminate or lower egress fees for S3?
        
       | pbreit wrote:
       | Why is it still so ridiculously difficult to put some DB-backed,
       | servable, editable code up in the cloud?
        
       | mathattack wrote:
       | The egress costs are finally coming to light for CIOs and CFOs.
       | (And pissing them off)
       | 
       | Cloudflare has a lot to gain by fixing this.
       | 
       | Fascinating company.
        
         | rsync wrote:
         | "Fascinating company."
         | 
         | I, for one, welcome our new Cloudflare overlords.
         | 
         | Without egress charges, assets in an object store can be backed
         | at other providers for disaster/contingency/fault tolerance.
         | 
         | Add the _excellent_ rclone[1] tool which, I assume, will work
         | immediately with (just another S3 compatible store) and there
         | 's a nice and easy workflow that adds some diversity to your
         | infrastructure.
         | 
         | [1] https://rclone.org/
        
         | xwdv wrote:
         | And the stock price is currently a buying opportunity.
        
           | mathattack wrote:
           | At 70-80x revenue it's very tough to say.
        
             | hncurious wrote:
             | Yikes, given that, it may already be priced in...
        
         | slownews45 wrote:
         | They are? I've seen more cases I think where it drives folks
         | all-in on the cloud. A few units tired of dealing with on-prem
         | infra group spin stuff up in the cloud. Before you know it big
         | workloads are lifting and shifting because its easier to bring
         | the data to the new stuff in the cloud than it is to bring the
         | cloud stuff on-prem.
         | 
         | That said, if CIO and CFO's are (truly) pissed off, then that
         | is going to be a huge revenue swing for AWS shortly.
         | 
         | I personally doubt it. Azure and GCP are not that much cheaper
         | here.
         | 
         | And AWS is offering some great pricing actually on things like
         | ECS Anywhere, so now if you want it is (a bit) easier to bring
         | a workload local to your data lake. I think that is not a great
         | short term move by AWS, but long term helps with goodwill.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2021-09-30 23:00 UTC)