[HN Gopher] Bitfinex just spent $23.7M in fees to make a single ...
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       Bitfinex just spent $23.7M in fees to make a single Ethereum
       transaction
        
       Author : dustintrex
       Score  : 122 points
       Date   : 2021-09-27 15:53 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theblockcrypto.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theblockcrypto.com)
        
       | skazka16 wrote:
       | and this is public ledger... imagine what's happening in the
       | banking industry, where you can't see other people's money
       | flowing around
        
         | skazka16 wrote:
         | Lol to all the downvoters. You truly believe that everything
         | cryptocurrency related is a scam and money laundering, whilst
         | hidden-from-public-eyes banking ledger is saint? Take you pink
         | sunglasses off, please.
        
       | hartator wrote:
       | $23.7 million to transfer $100,000. It's becoming a hard sell.
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | 23700% in fees. Suddenly the 3-5% that is insane doesn't feel
         | like that much...
        
       | elliekelly wrote:
       | > DeversiFi -- a non-custodial exchange that spun out of Bitfinex
       | in 2019 -- said the transaction originated via its platform,
       | which offers access to DeFi protocols "without paying gas fees."
       | These transaction fees, it turns out, are paid out through one of
       | Bitfinex's main wallets, which ended up footing the bill.
       | 
       | Am I understanding correctly that Bitfinex is subsidizing
       | DeversiFi transactions? How does this work? And why does Bitfinex
       | do this?
        
         | spir wrote:
         | Note that DeversiFi uses StarkWare's StarkEx Ethereum scaling
         | technology, and does so in off-chain data mode.
         | 
         | This means that Ethereum transaction fees for DeversiFi's end-
         | users are extremely small because they use almost no marginal
         | L1 Ethereum gas.
         | 
         | So, Bitfinex subsidizing DeversiFi's users' gas fees is not as
         | expensive as it may sound.
         | 
         | In this case, the $23.7M fee was likely in error and unlikely
         | to be money laundering because the fee was paid to a random
         | miner.
         | 
         | If you're interested in Ethereum's state-of-the-art scaling
         | technologies https://starkware.co
        
         | graeme wrote:
         | If the money laundering theories in this thread are correct,
         | then could be related to that.
         | 
         | But also Biftinex/Tether benefit if people lock up their USDT
         | into earning schemes rather than trying to redeem them for
         | fiat. It reduces withdrawal pressure and allows Tether to keep
         | the game going.
         | 
         | (This is assuming the common theories that Tether is
         | unbacked/poorly backed are true. In a ponzi, managing
         | withdrawals is paramount, and all the crypto high yield earning
         | on stablecoins provides a way to discourage withdrawals)
         | 
         | I haven't thought through the trading aspect though or why that
         | would be subsidized. I guess it does soak up USDT as well.
         | 
         | Edit: a couple other facts came forward.
         | 
         | Deversifi was originally called Ethfinex, a Bitfinex spinoff
         | 
         | The miner that got the fee is owned by Christopher Harborne,
         | Bitfinex shareholder: https://protos.com/bitfinex-tether-
         | digfinex-shareholder-harb...
        
           | graeme wrote:
           | I misinterpreted a tweet. Chris Harborne did not own the
           | miner. His son (I think), Will Harborne, runs Deversifi,
           | formerly Ethfinex.
        
           | spywaregorilla wrote:
           | They don't allow redemption of tether for dollars. There is
           | no withdrawal pressure, right?
        
             | markonen wrote:
             | Who's "they" here? Remember, Bitfinex == Tether
        
             | graeme wrote:
             | Reduces pressure to withdraw USDT for fiat on exchanges.
             | Tether has to support those pegs or they break. Same
             | difference
        
               | spywaregorilla wrote:
               | Do they? Genuine question. How much does bitfinex support
               | the price at $1 on exchanges?
        
               | graeme wrote:
               | I'm not sure if they do, but if there was sell pressure
               | they would have to or peg would break. Possible there is
               | not sufficient sell pressure at moment.
               | 
               | When you sell USDT for USD on exchange, _someone_ is
               | providing that dollar. If no private market participant
               | willing, then peg slips. You would expect fiat
               | withdrawals in downturns and peg slippage absent support.
        
             | threevox wrote:
             | Well, they officially don't guarantee that they will redeem
             | Tethers, but in practice they do, at least for the time
             | being. So any withdrawal pressure would be de facto rather
             | than de jure
        
               | FireBeyond wrote:
               | In practice they do?
               | 
               | Last time I checked, there were significant "limitations"
               | (to be charitable... that you could only redeem holdings
               | above $100K, only if you were a non-US person, and
               | subject to 90-180 day holding periods.
               | 
               | People have also offered bounties for proof of people
               | having redeemed Tether, and those bounties are still
               | outstanding.
               | 
               | My suspicion is that if anyone has actually redeemed
               | Tether, they are either institutional (and Bitfinex
               | doesn't want to piss them off) or an insider/"friend".
        
               | type02 wrote:
               | The founders of CMS holdings talk about redeeming tether
               | all the time. It's literally just the same as redeeming
               | USDC or any other stable coin. And before you say they're
               | insiders, Dan (one of the founders) used to work with the
               | creators of USDC.
        
               | FireBeyond wrote:
               | So they're an institutional investor. Like I said.
        
               | type02 wrote:
               | An institutional investor with ties to their biggest
               | competitor, bit different.
        
               | FireBeyond wrote:
               | Yes and no.
               | 
               | Yes, USDC and USDT are different "securities".
               | 
               | But that's like saying that in the regular market that
               | because Charles Schwab and Fidelity are competitors, they
               | don't have a whole lot of cooperation - they do, because
               | at that scale (and with the amount of arbitrage and
               | speculation in crypto), you need to cooperate with your
               | competitors, or you will be iced out.
        
               | colinmhayes wrote:
               | Institutions are happy to provide arbitrage on tether ->
               | any other crypto since they can redeem. Sure there's an
               | extra step involved, but there's essentially no
               | difference between selling to an institution for $1 of
               | crypto and redeeming for $1.
        
           | elliekelly wrote:
           | > The miner that got the fee is owned by Christopher
           | Harborne, Bitfinex shareholder
           | 
           | Oddly enough I looked at DiversiFi's twitter[1] right after
           | reading your update and they re-tweeted[2] someone mentioning
           | DiversiFi's founder, Will Harborne. Are they related?
           | 
           | [1]https://mobile.twitter.com/deversifi
           | 
           | [2]https://twitter.com/dltfanboy/status/1442429899235479555?s
           | =2...
        
       | hakanito wrote:
       | This is not a mistake, it's a pretty common method for money
       | laundering
        
         | eco wrote:
         | I'm curious how this works. As I understand it, Bitfinex would
         | have do this by not broadcasting the transaction to the network
         | and instead keeps it on a single miner and it gets included
         | when the miner snags a block but how does that help launder
         | money?
         | 
         | Is it some sort of deniability thing to say your hilariously
         | unreasonable miner tip was mined by a random miner who may or
         | may not be you? Surely regulators/prosecutors aren't this
         | gullible.
        
           | wpietri wrote:
           | Regulation/prosecution is lagging way behind in this space.
           | Even in traditional finance, Ponzi schemes and money
           | laundering go on for years.
           | 
           | It's also important to consider the psychology of things like
           | Ponzi schemes. A bright 12 year old can understand why a
           | Ponzi scheme falls apart in the long run. But for most of the
           | people running them, they aren't thinking about the long run.
           | They're responding to short-term incentives. An investor
           | wants money back? Well there's money, so let's give some to
           | them. Low on money? Go out and sell more people on putting
           | money in. People have concerns? Reassure them that
           | everything's fine, better than fine, amazing in fact.
           | 
           | So the question of "do they think they can get away with it
           | in the long run" is not really the right one to ask. 100% of
           | their attention is on the short term. They carefully avoid
           | thinking about the long run at all, because it's way too
           | uncomfortable. As long as the problems are deniable enough in
           | the short term, they're just going to keep going.
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | The cool part is all of these transactions are public and
             | can be archived by regulators for long term forensics and
             | enforcement activities while still within the statute of
             | limitations. Might take years, but government can take its
             | time investigating and prosecuting. Regulation can lag
             | because there is no rush; the evidence is preserved by the
             | very nature of the technology.
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28673552 (HN: Tracking
             | stolen crypto is a booming business) |
             | https://archive.is/s1WvQ
        
               | wpietri wrote:
               | That's a positive for sure, but regulatory latency
               | enables more scamming. That added burden to limited
               | regulatory capacity mean the increased scamming makes it
               | likelier that the small fry will get away.
        
         | dylkil wrote:
         | Its a great way for miners to launder money. Bitfinex pays the
         | fee and it turns up on the miners balance sheet, where does
         | bitfinex gain?
        
           | FireBeyond wrote:
           | The recipient in this case absolutely appears to be
           | "associated" with Bitfinex, who don't understand the concept
           | of "arms length", so entirely 'nepotistic' transactions like
           | this would be par for the course (remember the loan between
           | Bitfinex and Tether, who were at the time being stated as
           | independent and unrelated, yet somehow the same two people
           | signed and countersigned the loan for both sides?).
        
             | dylkil wrote:
             | I read your whole comment expecting you to get to the
             | evidence where bitfinex and the miner are associated...
        
               | FireBeyond wrote:
               | > DeversiFi -- a non-custodial exchange that spun out of
               | Bitfinex in 2019
               | 
               | From the article.
               | 
               | And as said, given previous dishonesty from Bitfinex
               | about all sorts of unrelated parties (they claimed to be
               | independent of Tether, until that was proven a lie, and
               | they are heavily intertwined with their bank, Deltec, who
               | says that they have "insight into every transaction and
               | Tether"), I'm going to consider Occam's Razor, here.
        
         | fuddle wrote:
         | Is it possible they are just incompetent?
        
         | eightysixfour wrote:
         | I thought all transaction fees are burned after EIP-1559 was
         | implemented?
        
           | tylersmith wrote:
           | No, there are 2 parts to the fee. The base and the tip. The
           | base is burned and the tip goes to the miner. This
           | transaction burned 0.008493159450499633 eth (~$25) and paid
           | the miner the rest.
        
         | jtbayly wrote:
         | ELI5, please?
         | 
         | Who does the fee go to? I would have thought the miner. But if
         | so, how can you predict (or control) which miner will get your
         | block?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | Geee wrote:
           | The transaction is sent directly to the miner without going
           | through mempool, or the miner itself makes the transaction.
        
             | sliken wrote:
             | Is the mempool logged? Is it possible to tell if it was a
             | mistake or if they skipped the mempool?
        
               | hedgedoops2 wrote:
               | Every node operator can log their node's mempool, but the
               | protocol does not ensure that mempools are consistent
               | across nodes.
               | 
               | That said, logging this might violate GDPR :)
        
             | xur17 wrote:
             | Etherscan indicates that the transaction was in the mempool
             | [0]. My understanding is that this wouldn't show up if it
             | was mined without releasing the transaction to the mempool.
             | 
             | [0] https://etherscan.io/tx/0x2c9931793876db33b1a9aad123ad4
             | 921df...
        
             | Tenoke wrote:
             | Is this even still possible? Since EIP-1559 miners like
             | ethermine stopped including their own tx for 'free'
             | presumably because you cant pick and choose anymore.
        
               | X6S1x6Okd1st wrote:
               | It certainly is. Here's a list of them:
               | https://etherscan.io/txs/label/private-transaction
        
             | kevwals wrote:
             | Are they the one who's going to choose the miner?
        
             | newacct583 wrote:
             | I'd submit an answer involving jargon like "mempool"
             | doesn't qualify for "ELI5". ELI4?
        
               | Geee wrote:
               | Mempool or "memory pool". It contains pending
               | transactions that have been publicly broadcasted and are
               | waiting to be mined into the blockchain.
        
         | tromp wrote:
         | It's also potentially risky. What if a big mining pool, upon
         | noticing the huge fee mined by another miner/pool, decides not
         | to mine on top of that block, but in competition with that
         | block in hope of snagging the fee for itself?
        
           | seaourfreed wrote:
           | We need Ethereum to always prevent this. Or the big mining
           | pool will just do this for every block and allow ONLY THEIR
           | blocks to be processed. Then they get 100% of mining of the
           | ETH mining fees.
           | 
           | This reinforces by most miners being willing to join, to get
           | a share in monopoly rents over miners-never-earning. The big
           | mining pool(s) could let in enough to stay big enough. But
           | not too many to spread the monopolistic gains by too broad a
           | base.
        
             | AgentME wrote:
             | The mining pool would have to have >50% of the hashrate to
             | pull that off indefinitely.
        
           | X6S1x6Okd1st wrote:
           | There's been a lot of talk about reorg due to MEV (which this
           | could be considered MEV), but to the best of my knowledge it
           | hasn't happened yet. This seems like a big opportunity
           | because this is ~3000x bigger than the standard block reward
        
         | throwaway1777 wrote:
         | How would this work? The fees go to the miners or are burned,
         | so how do the laundered funds make their way back?
        
           | tux3 wrote:
           | Perhaps instead of sending your transaction publicly in the
           | Mempool, you give it to your miner friend to include in their
           | next block.
        
             | sliken wrote:
             | Is the mempool logged? Is it possible to tell if it was a
             | mistake or if they skipped the mempool?
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >Is the mempool logged?
               | 
               | Yes. For instance on etherscan there's a "Confirmed
               | within x secs" indicator, which is "Estimated duration
               | between time First Seen and included in block".
        
               | pcthrowaway wrote:
               | Even if it is logged, there are ways this behaviour could
               | be masked.
               | 
               | Say a colluding miner mines blocks including this
               | unbroadcast transaction until they finally hit the block
               | target with this transaction included.
               | 
               | Bitfinex then broadcasts the transaction to mempool.
               | After some plausible delay (but a short enough one that
               | no one else gets a chance to mine it), the colluding
               | miner publishes a valid block including the transaction.
               | No one can confirm that the miner didn't receive the
               | transaction from mempool like everyone else, and then
               | 'get lucky' shortly after.
               | 
               | I'm not saying this is what happened, I think user error
               | is more likely. But it can neither be ruled out nor
               | easily proven.
        
           | X6S1x6Okd1st wrote:
           | The basefee is burned, the priority fee is given to the
           | miner.
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | While I don't doubt it's a method used for money laundering,
         | this particular instance probably isn't it. For one, if you're
         | money laundering, you don't want the transaction to show up on
         | the front page of HN.
        
           | tsimionescu wrote:
           | What's another explanation for this huge fee? Your reasoning
           | makes sense, but that still leaves me extremely curious.
        
             | rfd4sgmk8u wrote:
             | Its not money laundering, lol. a) Bitfinex is an exchange,
             | they don't need to launder. They are the laundry! b) You
             | usually want to get the money back when your launder. This
             | is handing 20 million dollars to a random on the street who
             | takes your transactions.
        
               | mdoms wrote:
               | > This is handing 20 million dollars to a random on the
               | street who takes your transactions.
               | 
               | Yes I'm sure it's purely coincidence that the "random on
               | the street" who mined this block is a major Bitfinex
               | shareholder.
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | I get that point, but I was asking for what is then the
               | real reason. The only two I've seen proposed are money
               | laundering (perhaps by collusion with the miner) or
               | mistake (accidentally confusing the transaction amount
               | with the tip - still meaning the intention was to pay
               | $100k in transaction fees).
        
               | rfd4sgmk8u wrote:
               | If i was to bet, my money is on a catastrophic fuck up.
               | Its probably 'other peoples money' too. Some VC maybe
               | lost a big bag of ether.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | Using a client which has two boxes, one for fee and one for
             | value transferred.
             | 
             | ("Fat finger" errors like this are not unheard of in the
             | read financial system, but that usually allows reversal)
        
               | tsimionescu wrote:
               | That still means they intended to pay $100K in
               | transaction fees, is that a normal sum?
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | Various claims on reddit using phrases like "set the gwei
               | limit the same as the gas limit" and "new EIP 1559
               | transaction", which I can barely make sense of, but it
               | sounds like they may have been in entirely different
               | units?
               | 
               | Anyway, be your own bank, I'm sure you can figure this
               | out. /s
        
               | mkishi wrote:
               | It's a huge number but amounts to 0.4% (0.004). I have no
               | idea how that compares to regular 24M international wire
               | transfers, though.
        
             | sva_ wrote:
             | The base gas fee for the block is:
             | 
             | Base Fee Per Gas: 0.000000058907049227 Ether (58.907049227
             | Gwei)
             | 
             | The paid gas fee for the transaction is:
             | 0.053243669870735422 Ether (53,243,669.870735422 Gwei)
             | 
             | Perhaps they wanted to post the transaction for 53 Gwei but
             | fatfingered it? Or entered Pwei instead.
             | 
             | Edit: This block was apparently mined by poolin pool:
             | https://minerstat.com/coin/POOLIN-ETH
             | 
             | Their rewards almost doubled
        
           | throwaway1777 wrote:
           | Yeah why not do this over time with smaller fees. With the
           | ridiculous gas these days you might be able to sneak quite a
           | few tx in under the guise of "nft bots" but not 7500 eth in
           | one tx
        
       | noxer wrote:
       | Its been years since competing blockchains projects added fee
       | limits at least in the front ends if the protocol cant allow it
       | so that this does not happen. It happened many times on ETH and
       | it will happen again because the devs simply dont care.
       | 
       | BTW the money laundering idea is complete nonsense. You dont do
       | that by making large transactions so that mainstream media writes
       | about it and investigations are triggered. This is just the usual
       | HN crypto bias that seeks for confirmation that everything cryoto
       | is illegitimate.
        
       | Ekaros wrote:
       | With bitcoin you could spend lot of mining time get these fees
       | with longer chain. Is that possible with ethereum too?
        
         | danielvf wrote:
         | Yes there would have been a window for that, if you could spin
         | up insane hash power in minutes. However ethereum blocks happen
         | on average every 13.5 seconds and this TX is now 1,558 blocks
         | in the past, it's not likely now.
        
         | danuker wrote:
         | If you can react quickly, a 51% PoW attack is... still
         | prohibitively expensive: https://www.crypto51.app/
        
           | X6S1x6Okd1st wrote:
           | Those figures assume that the miners other than yourself are
           | honest. The big risk with MEV is that in theory it could
           | trigger all miners to prioritize reorging (51% attack)
           | instead of building on the longest chain.
        
       | jagger27 wrote:
       | So who got the tx fee?
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | The block: https://etherscan.io/block/13307440
         | 
         | Miner:
         | https://etherscan.io/address/0xb7e390864a90b7b923c9f9310c6f9...
         | 
         | Has 3% of miner power in the network it seems, fairly big.
         | Seems to only been running since 2021-07-12.
        
           | fuddle wrote:
           | It looks like it's labeled as Flashbots block.
        
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       (page generated 2021-09-27 23:02 UTC)