[HN Gopher] 200k-year-old hand art found near a Tibetan hot spring
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       200k-year-old hand art found near a Tibetan hot spring
        
       Author : Hooke
       Score  : 334 points
       Date   : 2021-09-24 18:36 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (gizmodo.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (gizmodo.com)
        
       | csomar wrote:
       | Given that the Tibet is particularly cold place, shouldn't these
       | humans wear something to resist the cold? Can humans (or any fur-
       | less animals) survive such cold climate without extra-fat or
       | really good clothes?
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | Early practitioners of Wim Hof
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wim_Hof
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Terr_ wrote:
         | Yeah, I can't tell if the clothing is supposed to be
         | historically accurate (what clothing would survive that long?)
         | or whether it's only there to satisfy modern viewers.
        
       | themgt wrote:
       | Found at 14,000ft on the Tibetan Plateau. Very likely altitude
       | adapted denisovans, whose genetic adaptations to living in such
       | low oxygen are still present in modern day Tibetans. Really
       | incredible.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | loonster wrote:
         | I wonder how high it was 200k years ago.
         | 
         | Edit: another comment mentions the mountains were formed 40-50
         | million years ago. So I would presume roughly the same height.
        
           | Leherenn wrote:
           | I don't have an answer, but I would say not necessarily the
           | same height. Mountains do not grow all at once or at a
           | constant rate. For instance, there are some parts of the
           | Himalayas that are currently growing at 1-2 cm/y. It is thus
           | not impossible that this place was several hundred meters
           | lower 200k years ago.
        
           | hutzlibu wrote:
           | Yeah, 200k is not much in geological terms.
        
             | masklinn wrote:
             | The himalayas grow actively and quickly, we're talking of
             | cm/year scale.
             | 
             | So 200kya means the site could have moved 2+km up (assuming
             | a roughly constant growth rate), which is nothing to sneeze
             | at or ignore. There's one hell of a difference living at
             | 4000m versus 2000.
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | I remembered that fact, too and was wondering about it,
               | how it fits with it. My conclusion was rather, that the
               | growth rate was probably not constant over that time,
               | because yeah, 2km is quite a lot. But others mentioned
               | that this area was quite unchanged.
               | 
               | I am going to investigate..
        
           | Sharlin wrote:
           | And they're really young for mountains (which is why they're
           | so high!)
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | adriand wrote:
         | Really amazing. I find this sort of thing absolutely haunting.
         | It's a vivid reminder that there is nothing particularly
         | special about this moment in time: it's only special to us
         | because we're living it. But their present moment was no less
         | vital and immediate and real to them as this moment is to us.
         | And yet, it happened so incredibly long ago!
         | 
         | I had the same feeling when I encountered a beautiful statue of
         | a woman that was created in ancient Egypt. It was in a museum
         | and I lingered at the display case, essentially just gazing
         | into her eyes. Her personality shone through in some
         | undefinable way: it felt like encountering another human being
         | across an incredible expanse of time.
         | 
         | These moments, I find, are very poignant in the way they remind
         | us of our own mortality -- but also our deep connection to our
         | ancestors and to the past.
        
           | mrspeaker wrote:
           | I got the same feeling reading the "Pompeii wall graffiti".
           | It's not beautiful, but it hit me hard: 2000+ years, and
           | people are the same people!
           | (https://kashgar.com.au/blogs/history/the-bawdy-graffiti-
           | of-p...)
        
             | scotty79 wrote:
             | For me it's a stark reminder that while we think of
             | ourselves as smart, well off individuals that have a grip
             | on the world we actually own everything to our scientific
             | knowledge and infrastructure and stripped of that we'd be
             | just as royally screwed as our very remote ancestors were
             | because we aren't even an ounce more intelligent than them.
        
           | jbay808 wrote:
           | I noticed the same thing with a Roman marble statue! It was
           | so lifelike, it felt like a real person with personality,
           | draped with delicately light cloth about the shoulders and a
           | keen but still vulnerable look in the eyes. It was hard to
           | believe that it was made over a thousand years ago, and made
           | me feel much closer as a human to both the sculptor and the
           | model.
           | 
           | Each of us feels we are the ones living in a modern age, the
           | past so distant and the future so uncertain.
        
           | dint wrote:
           | https://www.billemory.com/dillard/dillard.html
        
           | bspammer wrote:
           | I disagree, there is something special about this moment in
           | time. We're in an insane inflection point of human
           | development. For millions of years things stayed roughly the
           | same. It's really only in the last 10,000 years that stuff
           | has really kicked off, and the last 300 where human
           | development has gone absolutely crazy. There's several
           | existential threats that might destroy civilization over the
           | next few hundred years (eventually a nuke is going to fall
           | into the wrong hands, not to mention climate change etc).
           | 
           | There's a very good chance we're living the most comfortable
           | lives that any creature on this planet will ever experience,
           | past and future. It's truly mindblowing how lucky we are.
        
             | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
             | In the face of accelerating change, every moment feels like
             | an inflection point, and the past always looks stagnant in
             | comparison. Measured from the baseline of where things are
             | now, the past was so different. Measured from the baseline
             | of how quickly things change now, the past was so slow.
             | 
             | The catch is that it's true no matter when you say it from,
             | so long as change is accelerating. Exponential growth is my
             | favorite example. Plot y=k^t for any k from t=long time ago
             | to t=T. It will look like y is at an 'insane inflection
             | point,' regardless of the T you choose.
        
               | bspammer wrote:
               | Sure if you look at it from a purely mathematical point
               | of view, but we can anchor ourselves to something which
               | is (relatively) constant - the human lifespan. We're one
               | of the first generations to feel the effects of the
               | exponential curve within our lifetimes.
        
               | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
               | If you plot anything exponential from t=T-60 years to
               | t=T, it'll look just as dramatic now as ever. Try it.
               | Plot Imagine you have some function like population or
               | number of transistors per dollar or something that's
               | exponential. You can model it as y(t) = a * b^(t+c). To
               | look at how it _feels_ when you look backwards, make it
               | relative to what life is like today (aka divide by the
               | "normal" value y(t) to get a function of how it seems
               | looking backwards y(t)/y(T) = b^(t-T).
               | 
               | Let's make a variable for `years from now:` dt = t-T. If
               | we look at the last 60 years, this is just plotting b^dt
               | from dt=-60 to dt=0. It doesn't matter when you look at
               | it from. The last sixty years of exponential growth
               | always looks the same. It's just b^dt from dt=-60 to
               | dt=0, which (being the exact same function) looks equally
               | dramatic from any point.
               | 
               | tl;dr let's make it concrete and plot 1.1^t from 1960 to
               | 2020, and then plot 1.1^t 1060 to 1120. They look
               | _exactly_ the same, even though each just spans a human
               | life time:
               | 
               | https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=plot+1.1%5Et+from+t
               | %3D...
               | 
               | https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=plot+1.1%5Et+from+t
               | %3D...
        
               | exporectomy wrote:
               | You're neglecting the fact that human development is not
               | exponential. Population, for instance increased in its
               | growth rate over the past 1000 years, with a sudden step
               | up due to the industrial revolution. It didn't look the
               | same 1000 years ago as it does today. The growth rate was
               | less than 10% of what it is now. If population was
               | exponential, the growth rate would be constant.
        
               | bspammer wrote:
               | I understand how exponential functions work. The graph
               | looks the same relatively when you normalize the axes
               | obviously. From the human perspective, the absolute delta
               | over those 60 years is what matters. If society improved
               | 0.001 "civilization points" it will feel very different
               | to an individual than if it improved by by 1000 points.
               | 
               | A prehistoric hunter-gather saw basically zero
               | technological change within their lifetime.
        
               | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
               | > From the human perspective, the absolute delta over
               | those 60 years is what matters.
               | 
               | This is what we disagree on. From the human perspective,
               | it's the relative delta that matters, because we look at
               | yesterday's change relative to life today.
        
               | bspammer wrote:
               | But that isn't how humans notice exponential change...
               | 
               | We reside in a "level" of order of magnitude in time and
               | space. Things that happen outside of that level, too big
               | or too small, and we simply can't comprehend them. When
               | something crosses from an order of magnitude below our
               | level, to an order of magnitude above our level, that's
               | when we can perceive it.
               | 
               | A block accelerating exponentially from 1e-10 m/s to the
               | speed of light will look completely stationary until it
               | reaches a level of order of magnitude that we can
               | perceive, probably about 1e-5 m/s.
               | 
               | If I tell you I will give you an exponentially increasing
               | amount of money by 1% every day, it matters a lot to you
               | if I start you at 1e-200 dollars because you'll be dead
               | before you earn a single cent. If you lived to 150, you'd
               | be the richest person on the planet. The absolute amount
               | matters because we are physical beings anchored to a
               | particular order of magnitude that we care about.
        
             | 3grdlurker wrote:
             | Even if it were true that societies today are more complex,
             | why is that inherently more special than a time in the past
             | when life was simple? How come so many people today long
             | for a much simpler life, like in the past, as if the past
             | was special? The point is, special is highly subjective and
             | you really should be doubting your own notions of it.
             | 
             | In any case, I think that the original commenter really
             | referred to how there's nothing so drastically different
             | about the experience of being human in the present and in
             | the past.
        
             | cenari0 wrote:
             | Thanks to Europeans?
             | 
             | I wonder -- what civilisation can we attribute all this
             | progress to?
             | 
             | Romans? British? Or Americans ?
        
             | TriNetra wrote:
             | Earth has been around at least for billions of years. Our
             | modern existence is only of about few hundred years. It'd
             | be over estimating ourselves to think that a civilization
             | like us never existed on Earth let alone other planets. As
             | the technology keeps on miniaturizing, there'll be a point
             | at which the verbose existence of technology would largely
             | be no longer there. In that state, if the civilization is
             | reset due to some cosmic incident, a tech civilization like
             | us in far future will think about themselves in the same
             | way. We do read about Atlantis like legend and consider
             | them a myth similarly, we'd be a myth for such future
             | civilization.
        
               | lucbocahut wrote:
               | I am rereading a novel from French author Rene Barjavel:
               | "the ice people" on this exact theme. Scientists in the
               | South Pole discover an ancient civilization 900k years
               | old. Its also fun because he anticipates the near future
               | quite accurately from 1968 when he wrote it. Well worth a
               | read. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ice_People_(Bar
               | javel_nov...
        
               | sdfjksbdf wrote:
               | Plato made up Atlantis.
        
             | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
             | > there is something special about this moment in time.
             | 
             | You completely missed his point. This moment is special to
             | you because you are living it. Not because of the latest i9
             | chip or flying cars.
        
             | willcipriano wrote:
             | > I disagree, there is something special about this moment
             | in time.
             | 
             | Your ancestors all felt the same way. So will your
             | children.
        
               | booleandilemma wrote:
               | _So will your children_
               | 
               | We've been on a long upward curve of progress for awhile
               | now, but this isn't guaranteed to continue forever. The
               | future could be a mad max / book of eli hellscape that
               | may set us back two thousand years.
        
               | cmod wrote:
               | i always come back to the fact that "time travel" wasn't
               | a notion until relatively recently; simply by the fact
               | that so little changed on a centuries-long scale, and
               | traveling through time would essentially place you in
               | precisely the same spot, with the same set of experiences
               | and technologies.
               | 
               | presently, we've the opposite problem: technology
               | advances so quickly it's difficult / near impossible to
               | accurately predict life in five hundred years. (making
               | time travel VERY COMPELLING!)
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | Stories of time travel in some form or other goes back
               | thousands of years, e.g. Hindu mythology.
        
               | yesimahuman wrote:
               | It's likely they will all look back at this particular
               | period of a hundred or so years as one of the most
               | pivotal times for at least one really big reason: that's
               | when we set the climate on a path of destruction
        
               | exporectomy wrote:
               | Why not when we invented nuclear weapons and set
               | civilization on the path of destruction? Or when we
               | invented fertilizer and set the wilderness on the path of
               | destruction or when we started applying science and set
               | traditional stabilizing religious cultures on the path of
               | destruction? I know why. It's because you're overwhelmed
               | with your own contemporary culture which has
               | indoctrinated you to believe that particular doomsday
               | prophecy. Other cultures have/had different ones and that
               | will surely continue into the future.
        
               | yesimahuman wrote:
               | Thanks for the downvote because you disagree that
               | completely disrupting climate norms isn't a notable event
               | that is very much happening _right now_ and will disrupt
               | future generations significantly. Go read my comment
               | again, I never said it was the _only_ notable event. It
               | is objectively significant. So are nuclear weapons. So
               | are hundreds of other things that make the last 100 years
               | extremely significant in history.
        
               | spookthesunset wrote:
               | Don't forget the pandemic. Plenty of people thought there
               | would be some "new normal" we'd be living through for
               | decades. Hell, I'm pretty sure plenty of people still
               | cling to that particular doomsday scenario despite there
               | being readily available, free vaccines. Look at all the
               | dudes walking around outside wearing masks all along west
               | coast cities..
        
               | bspammer wrote:
               | It doesn't really matter what my ancestors felt, it's
               | blatently obvious that there's more going on right now,
               | and faster than 10,000 years ago. Back then, you'd be
               | lucky to see a single revolutionary invention in a
               | lifetime. Now we're seeing them every decade, if not
               | annually.
               | 
               | I don't disagree that my descendents will be justified in
               | feeling the same way, as long as the exponential curve
               | keeps on going and civilization doesn't end.
        
               | radicaldreamer wrote:
               | Is this really true? If someone from 1950s America time-
               | travelled to the present day, is there anything at all
               | that they conceptually couldn't fathom?
               | 
               | Maybe if you transported someone from 1950s China to
               | present-day China, they would be more shocked, but a
               | present day suburban home in 2021 is not all that
               | markedly different than a 1950s home -- and neither is
               | the workplace, the commute, the cars. Mostly replaced
               | paper with screens and tvs with bigger, flatter tvs.
               | 
               | The most conceptually difficult thing would be
               | understanding that wireless telegraphs with cameras are
               | pocket-sized and everywhere.
        
               | Aunche wrote:
               | In the 1950's people technology was still relatively
               | grounded in people's understanding. Any intelligent
               | person in the 1950s could understand how an automobile or
               | refrigerator worked if they wanted to. In present day,
               | people treat technology as magic. It's easy enough to
               | figure out how to use your iPhone to FaceTime someone on
               | the other side of the world, but it's nearly impossible
               | to truly understand how it's done.
        
               | kungito wrote:
               | Funny you should mention refrigerator because I'm pretty
               | sure barely any non engineer could understand reverse
               | Carnot cycle, let alone electricity on multiple levels of
               | abstraction (current/fields/kirkhoffs
               | laws/electromagnetism)
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | You're responding to a comparison to >10k years ago
               | (8000BC) with '1950s America'?
        
               | bspammer wrote:
               | On the scales we're talking about, I would include the
               | 1950s as "present-day". I would include the last 300
               | years as "particularly special"
        
               | jfoutz wrote:
               | One of my ancestors father was wealthy. They took long
               | trips over the summer. One year, she came home and they
               | had electricity. One year, they had a telephone. She saw
               | one of the demonstrations of flight by the wright
               | brothers. A global pandemic. No war is good, but I'd put
               | the world wars as particularly bad. She saw people drive
               | cars on the moon, on television!
               | 
               | ~1905-1985 was a pretty good run.
               | 
               | Cell phones, the internet, mrna vaccines. There's
               | probably tons of amazing stuff I'm overlooking. I don't
               | think I would trade with Katherine. Although, I wish she
               | was around for a few years longer so I could talk to her
               | when I was closer to being an adult.
               | 
               | I don't think you could find a modern technology that
               | would throw her for a loop. Maybe, but she's a cherry
               | picked example.
        
               | beambot wrote:
               | Don't forget refrigeration and automobiles. 1885-1985 was
               | an amazing century!
        
               | adventured wrote:
               | > is there anything at all that they conceptually
               | couldn't fathom?
               | 
               | Well you set the bar artificially high with that
               | phrasing. Is there ever anything people of the last
               | couple thousand years would be literally unable to
               | conceptually fathom? No. We know that from ancient texts,
               | they would be able to grasp anything we have today (even
               | if it might take more elaborate explanation). 1950s
               | Americans, or any citizens around the world at the time,
               | would be more than astounded by 3-4 billion people being
               | essentially always connected on a gigantic, seemingly
               | instantaneous global communications and commerce network.
               | The modern smartphone would similarly astound, what they
               | can do all-in-one and the quality of it (the audio, the
               | video, the music, movies, news, communication, click-
               | button services & purchasing, digitization of money, the
               | quality of digital photographs and how many you can take
               | with no regard for space, it would all astound). Someone
               | from the 1980s would be just as astounded by a recent
               | iPhone, they'd feel like a time traveler.
               | 
               | People in 2007 were truly astounded by the iPhone. It
               | almost felt like a product delivered from the future. It
               | put all industry jaws on the floor and reset the grid for
               | everyone in the tech industry, without exception. Maybe
               | people have now widely forgotten the shock effect it had,
               | I haven't forgotten.
               | 
               | That said, the parent's claim was an exaggeration. We're
               | not inventing/harnessing such extraordinary stuff every
               | year. Maybe a few things of note per decade globally.
               | 
               | CRISPR, cracking the human genome, modern antibiotics,
               | Internet, Web, transistor and microprocessor, software,
               | computers including personal, space flight, powered
               | flight, various engines, electricity and electric light,
               | fossil fuels, nuclear power and weapons, various green
               | revolution outcomes (food production), solar and a few
               | key renewable energy technologies, the
               | commercial/industrial laser, and so on.
               | 
               | There are several dozen things that can be added to that
               | list from the last 100-150 years. A few per decade
               | globally might be a reasonable peg.
        
               | thefounder wrote:
               | >> truly astounded by the iPhone.
               | 
               | For some reasons I was not truly astounded at all. I had
               | several smartphones before but I preferred smaller "cool"
               | phones until iPhone 4.
               | 
               | The iphone became for phones what the ipod was for music
               | players. Great device but not really from the future. I
               | bought it for the web browser.
               | 
               | Even today I use my iphone perhaps at 10% of its power
               | mostly for things that I do on my laptop anyway(mail,
               | chat, web browsing) so
               | 
               | I'm actually astounded that I can't hook it to a monitor
               | and use it as a computer/macbook so to me it seems we got
               | stuck in the past.
        
               | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
               | > People in 2007 were truly astounded by the iPhone. It
               | almost felt like a product delivered from the future. It
               | put all industry jaws on the floor and reset the grid for
               | everyone in the tech industry, without exception.
               | 
               | This is a large exaggeration. I was there as an adult. It
               | was another cool piece of tech, sure, but come on.
        
               | rvense wrote:
               | I think it depends who you were. Some people went more or
               | less directly to being always connected to an iPhone from
               | a world of monochrome Nokias and portable CD (or
               | cassette, even) players and the internet being on a PC
               | tower in a separate room of the house, if you had it at
               | home at all. The intermediate steps - laptops, Palm
               | pilots, iPods - were far from universal, at least in my
               | world.
        
               | bouncycastle wrote:
               | I was already using a PDA by that time (pocket PC), and
               | the technology was already there, so not like it came out
               | overnight. The only thing Apple improved on was the UX.
        
               | rvense wrote:
               | "The future is already here, it's just not evenly
               | distributed."
               | 
               | Most people were blissfully unaware of the existence of
               | PDAs, much less how they worked or what they could do,
               | and for them the iPhone might as well have emerged
               | perfectly formed from an unspecified bodily orifice of
               | Steve Jobs. The statement "It almost _felt like_ a
               | product delivered from the future" is entirely justified.
        
               | z3t4 wrote:
               | People give too much credit to the iPhone. There where a
               | lot of full screen smart-phones before the iPhone
               | 
               | The same with mp3 players before iPod.
               | 
               | Apples hardware and design is OK, but their marketing is
               | in their own league, like for example a company selling
               | flavored water bottles while there's good quality water
               | taps available almost everywhere. They can take something
               | that is already readily available and sell it for 2x the
               | price, and at the same time make people think it's
               | revolutionary.
        
               | erdos4d wrote:
               | > Now we're seeing them every decade, if not annually.
               | 
               | Where do you live? The last sorta revolutionary tech I
               | saw in my life was the cellphone, and I strain to see
               | that as actually revolutionary in any meaningful way, to
               | be honest.
        
               | thinkingemote wrote:
               | Hinge of history. Effective altruism folks look at it
               | mathematicaly. Historians look at it historically. Most
               | humans look at it with their senses.
        
               | AbrahamParangi wrote:
               | By symmetry of the exponential curve, your ancestors
               | would be just as justified.
        
               | sfblah wrote:
               | I don't think this is quite right. To take a European
               | example, the ancient Romans discovered concrete, then
               | successor civilizations largely forgot how it worked for
               | ~500+ years. Not all eras of history even had a positive
               | slope to the curve.
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | Another example of Rome. It took over 1000 years before
               | another city in the world became as big as Rome in its
               | heyday.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | > it's blatently obvious that there's more going on right
               | now...
               | 
               | Blatantly _obvious_? Not to me. I 'm a technologist (e.g.
               | wrote a bunch of code the results of which you use every
               | day) with a degree in history and in many ways ancient
               | Greece seems more vital than today.
        
               | edgyquant wrote:
               | We've legit left the planet and put people on the moon.
               | The past hundred years has absolutely been something
               | special in the history of the human race
        
               | stackbutterflow wrote:
               | The person you're replying to seems to argue that the
               | founders of our civilization were more vital than us, who
               | are merely building upon their legacy.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | I did say " _seems_ more vital" because I have read a lot
               | of the classics, for enjoyment and instruction, and find
               | a lot of current writing on the topics discussed in
               | classical literature to be derivative at best.
               | 
               | TBF there's a survivorship bias in older work: the stuff
               | people found useful has been more likely to survive. Also
               | a more modern (i.e. anyone in the subsequent couple of
               | millennia) has to say something new, not just repeat the
               | old. Which is harder to do.
               | 
               | I'm not arguing that the current world isn't amazing
               | (went to the moon! Reduction in poverty and higher living
               | standard! I'm typing this comment on an iPad!). Simply
               | making the point that it's hardly uniquely so (and
               | arguably the 2021st century has so far not been the peak
               | of technical or social development).
               | 
               | What is unusual of the current age is the widespread
               | belief that the current times are somehow unusual.
        
               | thinkingemote wrote:
               | It's a certainty that people in the future will look at
               | us and say "they were merely building the future for us"
               | and "right now is most important, not back then".
               | 
               | We have been saying this forever, and will continue to do
               | so.
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | I'd put just a bit of water in your wine. You're basing
               | your view on technology and technological output, but in
               | other cultures and times it might be of zero value.
               | Personally that's not what qualifies for a special moment
               | in history (the potential ecological collapse is higher).
               | 
               | Also consider that technology, even in it's most
               | beautiful form, is rarely seen by people. They live in a
               | blur of tamed down ease of use. It's not necessarily an
               | existential enlightenment for them (it also backfires a
               | lot, people are leaving devices to go back to more time
               | outside and sport, look at parkour and people living in
               | the wild for instance)
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | Well, that is unclear. Writing from Europe 100-1500 years
               | ago suggests that most people felt quite different about
               | time and did not have the impression the GP espoused. The
               | overwhelming impression seems to be that things had
               | fallen since the end of the (western) Roman Empire; there
               | was a contrast in millenarian movements in the 10th
               | century as the turn of the millennium approached.
               | 
               | However people are not uniformly distributed and such
               | belief does not seem to have been the case in, say, the
               | contemporaneous Arab world.
               | 
               | All that being said: I agree with you that claims that
               | our era is somehow amazingly unique are way overblown.
        
               | Aerroon wrote:
               | I'm not so sure they felt that way. For the average
               | person life was pretty stagnant before the industrial
               | revolution. You lived roughly the same way that your
               | parents did. You used the same tools and techniques in
               | farming. You did mostly the same things socially. You
               | dressed in roughly the same types of clothes (or at least
               | clothing materials).
               | 
               | Historical estimates for GDP per capita put it around $2
               | per day in 2011 prices. And that stayed fairly constant -
               | it doubled in maybe a thousand years, if at all. Compare
               | that to today: US GDP per capita has nearly tripled in my
               | lifetime.
               | 
               | Politically things might've been just as turbulent back
               | then though. New overlords and all that would be more
               | impactful back then than now.
        
               | throw_nbvc1234 wrote:
               | What major technological advancements like space travel,
               | internet, computers, cell phones do you think the typical
               | person 2000 years ago actually saw and knew about?
               | 
               | The (lack of) inter-connectedness of the world would
               | effect the way our ancestors felt about their moment in
               | time.
        
             | sgregnt wrote:
             | Just wanted to share my opinion. I'm not sure if the number
             | of existential threads for humanity is now larger than 200k
             | years ago. My take would be it is probably much smallest
             | than even 1k years ago. Nukes will not destroy civilization
             | (it might be horrible disaster on the scale of WW2 but not
             | civ. distruction.). Arguably we are now have better ways to
             | adapt to climate changes and it or meteorite impact. And
             | who knows, in another 100 years we might be an
             | interplanetary species. AI might not be a thread like some
             | suggests, and the up sides to productivity are enormous.
        
             | TriNetra wrote:
             | Another interesting data point I'd like to share here is
             | that of multiple stories found mentioned in ancient Hindu
             | texts called puranas (which means historic). These stories
             | talk about humans traveling to far away planets (lokas)
             | wherein the wheel of time moves much slower than on Earth
             | and thus is an indication of ancient Hindu knowledge of the
             | phenomenon of time dilation. For instance, consider this
             | story of King Kakudmi and his daughter [0]:
             | 
             | > Kakudmi's daughter Revati was so beautiful and so
             | accomplished that when she reached a marriageable age,
             | Kakudmi, thinking no one upon earth was worthy of her, went
             | to the Creator himself, Lord Brahma, to seek his advice
             | about a suitable husband for his daughter. When they
             | arrived, Brahma was listening to a musical performance by
             | the Gandharvas, so they waited patiently until the
             | performance was finished. Then, Kakudmi bowed humbly, made
             | his request and presented his shortlist of candidates.
             | Brahma laughed loudly and explained that time runs
             | differently on different planes of existence, and that
             | during the short time they had waited in Brahma-loka to see
             | him, 27 chatur-yugas (a cycle of four yugas, totalling 108
             | yugas) had passed on earth. Brahma said to Kakudmi, "O
             | King, all those whom you may have decided within the core
             | of your heart to accept as your son-in-law has died in the
             | course of time. Twenty-seven chatur-yugas have already
             | passed. Those upon whom you may have already decided are
             | now gone, and so are their sons, grandsons and other
             | descendants. You cannot even hear about their names.[2] You
             | must therefore bestow this virgin gem (i.e. Revati) upon
             | some other husband, for you are now alone, and your
             | friends, your ministers, servants, wives, kinsmen, armies,
             | and treasures, have long since been swept away by the hand
             | of time."[3]King Kakudmi was overcome with astonishment and
             | alarm at hearing this news.[3] However, Brahma comforted
             | him and added that Vishnu, the preserver, was currently
             | incarnate on earth in the forms of Krishna and Balarama,
             | and he recommended Balarama as a worthy husband for
             | Revati.Kakudmi and Revati then returned to earth which they
             | regarded as having left only just a short while ago. They
             | were shocked by the changes that had taken place. Not only
             | had the landscape and environment changed, but over the
             | intervening 27 chatur-yugas, in the cycles of human
             | spiritual and cultural evolution, mankind was at a lower
             | level of development than in their own time (see Ages of
             | Man). The Bhagavata Purana describes that they found the
             | race of men had become "dwindled in stature, reduced in
             | vigour, and enfeebled in intellect."The daughter and father
             | found Balarama and proposed the marriage which was
             | accepted. The marriage was then duly celebrated.
             | 
             | 0: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakudmi
        
             | ugh123 wrote:
             | I think you could say that about the industrial revolution.
             | However, the events in the past 20 years seem to indicate
             | humanity is moving backwards
             | 
             | >There's a very good chance we're living the most
             | comfortable lives that any creature on this planet will
             | ever experience, past and future. It's truly mindblowing
             | how lucky we are.
             | 
             | The disparity between the haves and the have-nots in this
             | moment in time would truly bewilder anyone in ancient
             | history if they could see whats happening today. There are
             | likely _more_ people living in poverty today than there
             | were 200 years ago, in absolute numbers - not percentage.
        
               | yostrovs wrote:
               | In percentage, poverty is probably at its lowest in
               | history.
        
             | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
             | https://www.cold-takes.com/this-cant-go-on/ has some
             | interesting ideas that agree with you.
        
             | tshaddox wrote:
             | Could it be that in the distant future if you at human
             | history (or even the history of life on Earth) from far
             | enough away to smooth out the little bumps, it turns out
             | that we 20th and 21st century humans are in fact in a
             | pretty unremarkable point along an exponential curve?
        
               | booleandilemma wrote:
               | The past 200 or so years have included the invention of
               | the lightbulb and the first trips to our moon and other
               | planets. Given how long we've been on the planet, I think
               | this is indeed a special time and future historians will
               | always look upon this era that way. They'll probably
               | refer to it as when humanity started walking, or spoke
               | its first word.
        
               | katzgrau wrote:
               | Def, as far as we know, we're just a little slope upward.
               | 
               | And I'm not sure what the Y axis is even measuring.
        
               | bspammer wrote:
               | If that's true (and I hope it is, because it means things
               | go very well for humanity), we're still one of the first
               | generations to see major change _within_ our short lives.
               | For millions of years, technology and tools stayed
               | roughly the same from generation to generation. I'm 25,
               | and the technological progress since I was born is mind-
               | blowing.
        
               | tshaddox wrote:
               | > we're still one of the first generations to see major
               | change _within_ our short lives.
               | 
               | One could argue that people were seeing major
               | technological/scientific/philosophical/cultural changes
               | within their lives at least as far back as the
               | Enlightenment (and I'd argue much further back than
               | that), and what has actually changed is just that the
               | number of people affected by those changes has grown
               | (perhaps exponentially). Likewise in the future the rate
               | of change we're so impressed by now may look laughable,
               | and that's even ignoring the possibility of significant
               | lifespan extension in the future!
        
               | noir_lord wrote:
               | Lets accept that the rate of change of technology during
               | the enlightenment was as rapid as the last 100 years (it
               | wasn't but lets accept it) - that was two centuries ago,
               | these prints are 200K _years ago_ , that's 3 orders of
               | magnitude older.
               | 
               | There have been points in our history where
               | technology/knowledge has advanced quicker than the
               | baseline but the last two-three centuries (and
               | particularly the last one) have been _exceptional_.
               | 
               | Whether that rate of change is sustainable for another
               | century I don't know, I'd like to hope so since it'd mean
               | humans are doing pretty well.
               | 
               | But if you took someone born in 1880 (a century before
               | me) and they lived 90 years they'd have seen _the
               | invention of flight, the invention of the motorcar, the
               | electrification of the world, the invention of wireless,
               | the invention of TV, the invention of the internet, the
               | invention of antibiotics, the invention of synthetic
               | materials, the invention of the telephone, the first
               | heart transplant, the invention of the nuclear bomb, the
               | discovery of the structure of DNA and literally thousands
               | of other technologies and discoveries_ in one human
               | lifespan _).
               | 
               | At no other point in human history has a single life span
               | seen _so much*.
        
               | spullara wrote:
               | Only if we populate the galaxy. Which isn't that hard if
               | we try. But even then we lived at the origin of the
               | galactic species. Pretty special.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doomsday_argument
        
               | BarryMilo wrote:
               | Populating the galaxy isn't that hard? Care to explain?
        
               | Jensson wrote:
               | If you had todays technology and 100 million years to do
               | it it wouldn't be particularly hard. The hard part is
               | getting things done within our lifetime, but that doesn't
               | matter for something like populating a galaxy. Slow ships
               | are just fine, humans can reproduce on the ship. High
               | failure rate and those ships being huge and expensive
               | isn't a problem if you have thousands of years of
               | production to make them.
        
               | tshaddox wrote:
               | The Universe is a lot bigger than our galaxy though. Why
               | is it more special to live near the beginning of humans
               | populating the galaxy than, say, living near the
               | beginning of humans populating that new subdivision
               | they're developing out at the edge of my town?
        
               | tnzm wrote:
               | Because the galaxy is a lot bigger than that subdivision,
               | too.
        
           | f0e4c2f7 wrote:
           | I know just the feeling you mean. I get it when I read
           | history too, especially biographies that cover a whole life.
           | 
           | I can't remember where I originally read this but once
           | someone suggested that you could also invert this idea for a
           | fresh perspective on the modern world.
           | 
           | If there was a time machine that I could step into to meet
           | these ancient people and ask them about the hand prints they
           | left I would take that trip in a snap! (assuming there is
           | enough fuel in the Delorean to get back of course) In fact I
           | would take that chance to time travel to any period and see
           | what that time was like up close.
           | 
           | While we can't go back and see that, we can time travel to
           | exactly one place. You can look around and see how humans
           | were living in September 2021. Maybe this is the moment
           | stranded time travelers 200k years from now would really like
           | to visit. It was a weird time in human history. Lots of
           | interesting things to observe, questions to ask, and people
           | to meet.
        
             | neilv wrote:
             | And one could help those people we find today to tell their
             | stories, in a way that will be accessible to people in the
             | future (decades, centuries, or hours in the future).
        
         | Abishek_Muthian wrote:
         | It's awesome, But bit disappointed that the artist's impression
         | shows them bare body without any protection from the elements
         | while clearly showing the elevation. They would have obviously
         | had very thick clothing made up of animal fur.
        
         | lugged wrote:
         | Would have been closer to 10000 feet back then but incredible
         | nonetheless.
        
         | cletus wrote:
         | What was the evolutionary advantage that being able to live at
         | high altitudes 200,000 years ago gave you? There really weren't
         | that many people around so finding land with available food and
         | water doesn't seem like it would be that much of an issue.
         | 
         | One possible argument is that such people would transit high
         | altitudes going between hunting grounds (for example) but is
         | this really enough pressure to produce a genetic advantage like
         | this?
         | 
         | Now nature does tend to want to find niches because having food
         | only you can eat tends to be of more value than having abundant
         | food other people can also eat (eg pandas and bamboo).
         | 
         | But it's not easy for humans to live at 14,000 feet elevation.
         | Animals are scarce. Vegetation is limited (eg trees likely to
         | be conifers).
         | 
         | This is different to just, say, living in Arctic regions as
         | those do have much more available food options (eg fish,
         | migrating game, plants that can grow in the summer) than high
         | altitudes.
         | 
         | Has anyone put much thought into this?
        
           | ericbarrett wrote:
           | Not an anthropologist, but my first hypothesis would be
           | avoiding other humans (war and predation). Perhaps disease-
           | carrying insects as well.
        
           | AlotOfReading wrote:
           | The 'why' is pretty much unknowable. Evolution doesn't push
           | organisms to do new things, it simply responds to existing
           | selective constraints. What we observe is that Humans (even
           | archaic ones) seem to have expanded into virtually every
           | region they could find, regardless of how hospitable it was.
           | This particular set of changes happens to reduce
           | physiological stress at high altitude, so it was preserved in
           | populations experiencing that constraint.
        
           | adolph wrote:
           | High altitude survival probably wasn't as important as the
           | advantages of efficient oxygen use. Imagine living every day
           | like you blood dope like Lance Armstrong!
           | 
           |  _Live high /train low is a training method in which athletes
           | live at high altitude and train at low altitude, usually with
           | the goal of improving performance at sea level. The main idea
           | is to reap the benefits of high altitude acclimatization
           | while maintaining the intensity of low altitude training._
           | 
           | https://www.nsca.com/education/articles/nsca-coach/is-
           | live-h...
        
           | masklinn wrote:
           | > What was the evolutionary advantage that being able to live
           | at high altitudes 200,000 years ago gave you?
           | 
           | Having exclusive use of an ecological niche is pretty
           | advantageous.
           | 
           | > There really weren't that many people around so finding
           | land with available food and water doesn't seem like it would
           | be that much of an issue.
           | 
           | While density was (likely) quite low, so was "productivity",
           | and people were no less territorial, just because you didn't
           | need all that space didn't mean you'd allow other groups to
           | exploit it.
        
           | prescriptivist wrote:
           | Just spitballing but maybe at that altitude humans tipped
           | some sort of scale where they were more efficient predators
           | of whatever was up there but below that altitude the larger
           | pleistocene megafauna of the time represented a higher
           | predation risk to humans themselves or there was less post
           | kill (scavenger) competition.
        
         | toshk wrote:
         | There are lots of them. In many places in Tibet I've seen them,
         | especially in the old Kham area, they were all over the place.
         | The Tibetans believe it's prove of the depth of meditation that
         | one can put the hand in the rock.
         | 
         | Source:
         | https://books.google.es/books?id=OUhmDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA101&lpg=P...
        
           | subsubzero wrote:
           | Thats right, the explanation for these handprints is that
           | Tibetan Buddhist monks have transcended normal human
           | abilities and made handprints in stone. This is for Vajrayana
           | Buddhism or what westerners refer to as Tibetan Buddhism.
        
             | dwaltrip wrote:
             | Seems unlikely.
        
       | mysecretaccount wrote:
       | This is covered in the article, but: the term art is quite
       | generous here. These may not even have been imprinted
       | intentionally. Fascinating nonetheless.
        
         | unknownOrigin wrote:
         | It doesn't dispute that they were made intentionally - in fact,
         | it says the opposite. (These are carefully made so they don't
         | overlap and they were not produced by locomotion.)
         | 
         | If this is "art" art... is up to everyone to interpret for
         | themselves.
         | 
         | But then again, today you can give yourself a paint enema,
         | squirt it from your asshole all over a canvas and some people
         | will call it art.
        
           | xwdv wrote:
           | > But then again, today you can give yourself a paint enema,
           | squirt it from your asshole all over a canvas and some people
           | will call it art.
           | 
           | Jesus, what artist is this a reference to?
        
             | dboreham wrote:
             | Parent is unknownOrigin not Jesus.
        
             | olalonde wrote:
             | The Big Lebowski has a scene not quite like that but in the
             | same spirit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FuMbc1Q2OQ4.
        
           | mysecretaccount wrote:
           | > It doesn't dispute that they were made intentionally - in
           | fact, it says the opposite.
           | 
           | > The fossil impressions, which date to between 169,000 and
           | 226,000 years ago and _seem_ to have been created
           | intentionally, _could_ represent the earliest known art of
           | its kind.
           | 
           | > According to Matthew Bennett, a geologist at Bournemouth
           | University who specializes in ancient footprints and
           | trackways, it's _likely_ that these ancient imprints were
           | intentional.
           | 
           | Emphasis mine.
        
       | jrsdav wrote:
       | Whenever I see things like this, I'm reminded of Arthur C.
       | Clarke's novel Childhood's End.
       | 
       |  _spoilers_
       | 
       | I like to imagine I've been given the device used by the
       | overlords to monitor earth for X years, and I can stand affixed
       | in a position to experience the timelapse as I push "rewind". It
       | would be so cool to watch history unfold this way.
        
         | dmux wrote:
         | Sounds like something I'd really enjoy. Observing one
         | particular space over time is the concept behind the graphic
         | novel** "Here" by Richard McGuire.
         | 
         | ** It's really light on dialogue (and characters for that
         | matter). Way more emphasis on the Graphic part than the Novel
         | part.
        
       | aomobile wrote:
       | Hello message from the ancestors!
        
         | vanderZwan wrote:
         | Oldest "Hello world!" ever
        
           | tclancy wrote:
           | More like a dirty joke, surely.
        
       | redleggedfrog wrote:
       | Art is (almost) forever.
        
       | xwdv wrote:
       | Incredible that a child 200k years ago left something behind that
       | we can still see today.
       | 
       | I struggle to imagine what I could do today that someone 200k
       | years from now would find. Any ideas?
        
         | sandworm101 wrote:
         | Scratch your name into Hoover Dam? A handprint in wet cement?
        
         | akomtu wrote:
         | Build a massive coil out of stone around a ferromagnetic core,
         | 500 feet high, engrave walls with Maxwell and QM diff
         | equations, so future generations would know that our
         | civilization was built around electromagnetism. In reality,
         | though, they'll think it's a tower of power with inscripted
         | incantations for rituals.
        
       | jfengel wrote:
       | Some of those hand prints are highly distorted. Is that just due
       | to the topology of the rock?
        
         | werdnapk wrote:
         | Or the fact that these have been slowly eroded over 200,000
         | years.
        
       | Aardwolf wrote:
       | 200k years ago, that's incredible, not even the wildest science
       | fiction can imagine what the world will look like 200k years from
       | now
        
         | sojournerc wrote:
         | Last and First Men
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_and_First_Men
        
         | toshk wrote:
         | The assumption by some of the scientist is that the handprints
         | were created in the mud and then stones formed. But others
         | question this, could also be created after:
         | https://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/art-not-ancient...
         | 
         | It's very common to find handprints in the Himalayas in rocks,
         | they are everywhere.
        
         | booleandilemma wrote:
         | Hopefully people thinking about us 200k years from now will
         | consider us as primitive as we consider the people from 200k
         | years ago.
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | Well, not to give away the plot, but two of the things that
         | happen are the Y10k event and then the Y100K event. You'd think
         | people would be well prepared but people are still people--
         | there is a ton more legacy code each time and they don't know
         | if the fixes will really work until it happens.
        
         | axiosgunnar wrote:
         | probably like Mercury looks today - a ball of fire
        
           | Bobylonian wrote:
           | Mercury today is ball of fire from one side and ball of cold
           | charcoal from other.
           | 
           | 200k is quite a massive time period and the only thing is
           | certain that modern humans would be long dead and most of
           | them would share fate of Denisovans, where most of modern
           | people would not be direct ancestors to people of that
           | distant future. That is a very long time for humanity to
           | exterminate itself to near extinction and achieve the same
           | technological level 3-4 times over again.
        
           | bradlys wrote:
           | Maybe you mean Venus.
           | 
           | Regardless of which - it's a massive over exaggeration. We're
           | not gonna be experiencing fluctuations of 500C+ on the
           | surface of our planet or an atmospheric pressure of 90x+
           | ours.
        
       | therealdrag0 wrote:
       | In case anyone else forgot the timeline, I just googled, and
       | there's evidence going back to ~2 million years ago of huminoids
       | in Eurasia.
        
         | mc32 wrote:
         | Wouldn't that upend most theories about when the people who
         | left Africa left Africa?
         | 
         | Never mind, new estimates go as far back as 300,000ya.
        
           | elvongray wrote:
           | There are other hominids apart from homo sapiens during those
           | periods. These will probably be Denisovans
        
           | mytailorisrich wrote:
           | No, it's known that Homo Erectus left Africa and colonised
           | Eurasia up to East Asia a bit more than 2 million years ago.
           | 
           | The estimate on when "we" left Africa often means modern
           | humans, Homo Sapiens.
        
           | grillvogel wrote:
           | most of the established timelines are based on "well this is
           | the oldest thing we've found so far". most of it is probably
           | wrong
        
       | pomian wrote:
       | Article states found at 12000'. I wonder how much lower the
       | mountains were, 100k years ago? They are for sure not static. Bet
       | some geologist somewhere should be able to give us a yearly
       | estimate. Interesting.
        
         | masklinn wrote:
         | IIRC the himalayas grow at 1~2cm/year, assuming a constant
         | growth rates 100kya the area would have been about 1km lower,
         | or about 8500ft
        
       | mycoborea wrote:
       | Any chance they could recover some DNA?
        
         | Kibae wrote:
         | > A study of DNA extracted from the leg bones of extinct moa
         | birds in New Zealand found that the half-life of DNA is 521
         | years. [1]
         | 
         | So at most ~5.6% of DNA could have survived. It would be
         | interesting if researchers would be able to detect a fraction
         | of that amount, but it seems implausible.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/how-long-does-
         | dn... | https://archive.is/S39fv
        
       | vonadz wrote:
       | Impressive that this didn't get worn away.
        
       | neaden wrote:
       | "These prints, however, are more carefully made and have a
       | specific arrangement--think more along the lines like how a child
       | presses their handprint into fresh cement." A good reminder of
       | the fact that for all that society has changed we as people
       | haven't really.
        
         | sva_ wrote:
         | It is interesting to see how people seem to intuitively
         | experience joy from changing their environment, in particular
         | when it seems to not serve any direct use.
        
         | uniqueid wrote:
         | Either that or we have changed enough that we are now capable
         | of being creative, in terms of both art and theorizing about
         | prehistory. Personally I think it's the latter.
         | 
         | If we were capable of appreciating art 200,000 years ago, we
         | also must have been incredibly lazy. How could well over
         | another 150,000 years pass before we left signs that we were
         | improving our technology? It doesn't make any sense.
        
         | delecti wrote:
         | It leaves me feeling very connected to think that across
         | hundreds of thousands of year, you'll still find humans being
         | humans. Creating handprint art has to be one of the most
         | lasting and quintessentially human behaviors.
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | It's inspiring to get hints at what life was like back then when
       | the universe was younger.
        
         | Razengan wrote:
         | I think that even at the scale of "just" a two hundred thousand
         | years, to the _universe_ it's probably just yesterday.
        
           | ASalazarMX wrote:
           | "When humanity was younger" would have been a perfect
           | phrasing.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | or even just an hour ago.
        
         | tejtm wrote:
         | It was, (and still is), 40-50 million years since the mountains
         | formed.
        
         | Sharlin wrote:
         | When the universe was an appreciable fraction younger, all life
         | on Earth was unicellular.
        
           | scollet wrote:
           | And those uncultured bastards didn't even think to leave a
           | note.
        
             | 7773777 wrote:
             | A monoculture is still a culture!
        
         | edgyquant wrote:
         | It's fascinating to think how they lived full lives and
         | probably even pondered the ancients (relative to them.)
        
       | nanna wrote:
       | Hugely enjoyed The Hunters of Prehistory by Andre Leroi-Gourhan.
       | Such an inspiring introduction to paleolithic archeology, even if
       | it's inevitably a bit dated these days, and it is Eurocentric.
       | Great as an introduction to structuralism too, and philosophy of
       | technics.
        
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