[HN Gopher] Leaked grant proposal details high-risk coronavirus ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Leaked grant proposal details high-risk coronavirus research
        
       Author : BellLabradors
       Score  : 663 points
       Date   : 2021-09-24 16:15 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (theintercept.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (theintercept.com)
        
       | jml7c5 wrote:
       | Note that the leaked documents were released three days ago, and
       | this is just The Intercept's reporting on them. They can be found
       | here: https://drasticresearch.org/2021/09/21/the-defuse-project-
       | do...
        
       | Gatsky wrote:
       | I don't think there is ever going to be any satisfaction on this
       | issue. A lab leak is pretty unlikely, has nonzero probability and
       | will never be falsified or proven. The pandemic has happened. The
       | seeming weirdness from virologists is understandable because they
       | don't want to be stigmatised/regulated more/defunded/have their
       | labs moved to the dark side of the moon. If you doubt this
       | explanation then you must not hang out with academics very much,
       | their capacity for self-interest is astounding. In fact they see
       | the pandemic as a huge opportunity to get a lot more funding, and
       | wouldn't be so foolish to derail that by engaging with the lab
       | leak issue in the slightest.
        
       | Consultant32452 wrote:
       | My hypothesis on this whole mess.
       | 
       | China was going to do bioweapon research and there was nothing we
       | or anyone else could do about it.
       | 
       | Quietly funding research in Wuhan was a way for the US IC to keep
       | an eye on what China was doing.
       | 
       | Something from that lab escaped. It's not clear or particularly
       | relevant to me whether what escaped was directly involved in the
       | particular experiments we funded. In my mind if the US funded 50
       | experiments and China funded 50 other experiments of
       | categorically the same type, and one of those 100 escaped, both
       | are culpable regardless of whether it was on of our 50 or their
       | 50.
       | 
       | Fauci and other officials can't just come out and say "This is
       | part of a top secret weapons/intelligence program where we were
       | using this funding to spy on China." And so they will lie in
       | public. They will lie under oath. And there will be no
       | consequence because the people (Congress/Presidents/etc) with the
       | classified truth are all similarly culpable (they probably
       | okayed/funded it).
        
         | dosman33 wrote:
         | This train of thought is entirely too charitable. The US has
         | the NSA, CIA, NRO, etc. for a reason and it's not to combat
         | domestic terrorism. We don't have to be sponsoring their work
         | to find out what they were doing. But I can understand the need
         | to rationalize this somehow.
        
       | ryeights wrote:
       | Why is this being flagged? Genuinely asking.
        
         | Invictus0 wrote:
         | HN has lots of quiet pro-China readers
        
         | meibo wrote:
         | Every anti-chinese story on here usually gets flagged into
         | oblivion(or page 2, even with plenty of upvotes), be it by bots
         | or Chinese tech workers.
        
           | dang wrote:
           | That's not even close to true. The opposite is closer to
           | true.
           | 
           | You may be falling prey to the notice-dislike bias (you're
           | more likely to notice and put weight on the things you
           | dislike), which leads to false feelings of generality.
           | 
           | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&que.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&que.
           | ..
           | 
           | Your comment broke the site guidelines badly. Please read the
           | rules and follow them when posting to HN:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html.
        
           | president wrote:
           | HN (Y Combinator) has an incentive to curb posts that could
           | potentially make China angry. Being a forefront Silicon
           | Valley investment company, they have to play the globalist
           | game. Therefore, I suspect there may be policies in place,
           | whether spoken or unspoken to suppress these types of posts.
           | I don't doubt that there are bots or Chinese nationals that
           | also downvote/flag these posts as well.
        
             | dang wrote:
             | I can assure you with high confidence--since I'm the person
             | making these calls--that this has nothing to do with how we
             | moderate HN.
             | 
             | I mean, it's possible that you know more about my
             | unconscious than I do - but I think the odds are low. I'm
             | pretty sure we're just trying to have an internet forum
             | that doesn't suck and don't give a shit about the
             | "globalist game".
             | 
             | Re "I don't doubt that there are bots or Chinese nationals
             | that also downvote/flag these posts as well" - would you
             | mind reviewing the site guidelines, which specifically ask
             | you not to post like that?
        
               | xqcgrek2 wrote:
               | Interesting. You don't actually refute any of his
               | arguments.
        
               | dang wrote:
               | What arguments? I didn't see any. But perhaps the
               | following will help:
               | 
               | > _HN (Y Combinator) has an incentive to curb posts that
               | could potentially make China angry._
               | 
               | We have no such incentive and people post such things (if
               | by China you mean the Chinese government) all the time.
               | 
               | > _Being a forefront Silicon Valley investment company,
               | they have to play the globalist game._
               | 
               | Short answer: no we don't. Longer answer: whatever
               | "globalist game" means, I've never encountered the
               | slightest reference to this kind of thing in the years
               | I've worked for YC.
               | 
               | > _Therefore, I suspect there may be policies in place,
               | whether spoken or unspoken to suppress these types of
               | posts._
               | 
               | There are no such policies, as anyone can easily see for
               | themselves by looking through what actually gets posted
               | here:
               | 
               | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&
               | que...
               | 
               | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&
               | que...
               | 
               | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&
               | que...
               | 
               | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false
               | &qu...
               | 
               | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&
               | que...
               | 
               | > _I don 't doubt that there are bots or Chinese
               | nationals that also downvote/flag these posts as well._
               | 
               | As explained above, it's against the site guidelines to
               | post like this when you have zero evidence. This is an
               | important rule, for reasons I've explained many times
               | over many years:
               | 
               | https://hn.algolia.com/?sort=byDate&dateRange=all&type=co
               | mme...
               | 
               | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&
               | que...
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | I believe that covers everything. Better?
        
         | justapassenger wrote:
         | I've flagged it. Article is ok. But the title on HN is a cheap
         | clickbait.
         | 
         | Someone, in USA, asking for a grant in the past doesn't point
         | to anything about origins of SARS-CoV-2.
        
           | dang wrote:
           | (We've since changed the title - see
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28647742.)
        
           | Pick-A-Hill2019 wrote:
           | Unless the Intercept changed the page the submission also
           | breaks the guidelines about editorializing submission titles.
           | TFA headline reads: Leaked Grant Proposal Details High-Risk
           | Coronavirus Research (I didn't flag it, just voicing a
           | possible reason for the submission to be flagged)
        
           | gjs278 wrote:
           | delete your account
        
           | BellLabradors wrote:
           | What do you think of these quotes?:
           | 
           | ""Some kind of threshold has been crossed," said Alina Chan,
           | a Boston-based scientist and co-author of the upcoming book
           | "Viral: The Search for the Origin of Covid-19." Chan has been
           | vocal about the need to thoroughly investigate the
           | possibility that SARS-CoV-2 emerged from a lab while
           | remaining open to both possible theories of its development.
           | For Chan, the revelation from the proposal was the
           | description of the insertion of a novel furin cleavage site
           | into bat coronaviruses -- something people previously
           | speculated, but had no evidence, may have happened.
           | 
           | Richard Ebright, a molecular biologist at Rutgers University
           | who has espoused the possibility that SARS-CoV-2 may have
           | originated in a lab, agreed. "The relevance of this is that
           | SARS Cov-2, the pandemic virus, is the only virus in its
           | entire genus of SARS-related coronaviruses that contains a
           | fully functional cleavage site at the S1, S2 junction," said
           | Ebright, referring to the place where two subunits of the
           | spike protein meet. "And here is a proposal from the
           | beginning of 2018, proposing explicitly to engineer that
           | sequence at that position in chimeric lab-generated
           | coronaviruses."
           | 
           | Martin Wikelski, a director at the Max Planck Institute of
           | Animal Behavior in Germany, whose work tracking bats and
           | other animals was referenced in the grant application without
           | his knowledge, also said it made him more open to the idea
           | that the pandemic may have its roots in a lab. "The
           | information in the proposal certainly changes my thoughts
           | about a possible origin of SARS-CoV-2," Wikelski told The
           | Intercept. "In fact, a possible transmission chain is now
           | logically consistent -- which it was not before I read the
           | proposal."
           | 
           | But others insisted that the research posed little or no
           | threat and pointed out that the proposal called for most of
           | the genetic engineering work to be done in North Carolina
           | rather than China. "Given that the work wasn't funded and
           | wasn't proposed to take place in Wuhan anyway it's hard to
           | assess any bearing on the origin of SARS-CoV-2," Stephen
           | Goldstein, a scientist who studies the evolution of viral
           | genes at the University of Utah, and an author of the recent
           | Cell article, wrote in an email to The Intercept."
        
             | jayd16 wrote:
             | When someone is hawking a book and playing up the subject
             | of that book, take it with a grain of salt.
        
             | dekhn wrote:
             | Are you a scientist?
             | 
             | I was. I can tell you that all of those quotes require a
             | great deal of inspection and you cannot take them at face
             | value.
             | 
             | At the very least, most scientists speak ultra-confidently
             | about this beliefs (beyond their own internal level of
             | confidence) because they've learned to use narrative
             | techniques to make their beliefs sound true.
             | 
             | Any scientist who is actively speculating that this funding
             | is "strong evidence" rather than saying "it's logically
             | consistent and seems more than coincidental" is just wrong.
             | That's a big mistake a lot of the early folks who claiimed
             | it was human engineered made. The evidence is not strong,
             | but not strong enough to convince a rational person.
        
               | mandmandam wrote:
               | There is a thing that you are full of. I'mma be polite
               | but you are full to the brim of it.
               | 
               | edit: Wow, flagged within one minute. That's not weird at
               | all /s
               | 
               | So I'll expand: The comment above is ridiculous for 7
               | reasons. Try to find them all.
        
               | dang wrote:
               | No need for sinister explanations--your comment broke the
               | site guidelines egregiously, so users flagged it,
               | entirely appropriately. We ban accounts that post like
               | this, so please don't.
               | 
               | If you wouldn't mind reviewing
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html and
               | taking the intended spirit of the site more to heart,
               | we'd be grateful.
        
               | mandmandam wrote:
               | ... Egregiously? Really? Shit, what would a _mildly bad_
               | comment look like?
               | 
               | It's also weird that you'd take issue with my comment and
               | not the one I'm replying to. Did you read it? It's got
               | literally 7 kinds of deliberately crafted misinformation.
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | there's no deliberately crafted misinformation in my
               | comment. It's a simple and straightforward evaluation of
               | the reliable evidence we have so far.
        
               | mandmandam wrote:
               | > Are you a scientist?
               | 
               | Implying only scientists can have opinions based on
               | evidence.
               | 
               | > I was.
               | 
               | Argument from "authority" (without evidence btw).
               | 
               | > I can tell you that all of those quotes require a great
               | deal of inspection and you cannot take them at face
               | value.
               | 
               | Hand waving.
               | 
               | > At the very least, most scientists speak ultra-
               | confidently about this beliefs
               | 
               | Not true at all.
               | 
               | > (beyond their own internal level of confidence) because
               | they've learned to use narrative techniques to make their
               | beliefs sound true.
               | 
               | You're thinking of storytellers.
               | 
               | > Any scientist who is actively speculating that this
               | funding is "strong evidence" rather than saying "it's
               | logically consistent and seems more than coincidental" is
               | just wrong.
               | 
               | That's not true, considering that "Peter Daszak, despite
               | coming out forcefully against the lab leak theory, and
               | purposely downplaying his involvement with the lab in so
               | doing, and being inexplicably selected as a member of the
               | WHO team to investigate the lab origin theory, completely
               | neglected to mention having made this proposal a mere two
               | years prior", as well as myriad other deliberate
               | misinformation from Peter.
               | 
               | > That's a big mistake a lot of the early folks who
               | claiimed it was human engineered made.
               | 
               | There was more than enough evidence to warrant an
               | international independent inspection of both labs in
               | Wuhan. Location alone was enough, without everything
               | else.
               | 
               | > The evidence is not strong, but not strong enough to
               | convince a rational person.
               | 
               | Implying rational people will come to the same conclusion
               | as you, despite all the above.
               | 
               | I say all this because you claim to be the rational
               | scientist in the room, when actually there's so much
               | smoke in the room that anyone saying there's no fire
               | needs a strong head check.
               | 
               | Smell the air: smells like smoke - and something else.
        
               | dang wrote:
               | Your comment consisted of nothing other than calling
               | someone full of shit. (Doing it euphemistically doesn't
               | change this.) That's obviously against the site
               | guidelines and correctly flagged. Then you made sinister
               | insinuations as if the flags weren't an obvious
               | consequence of what you'd posted.
               | 
               | Please read the site guidelines and don't post anything
               | like that to HN again - you actually already did it again
               | downthread ("Smell the air: smells like smoke - and
               | something else"). Flouting the rules like that, after we
               | specifically asked you to stop, will get you banned here.
               | 
               | Pointing the finger at someone else isn't a very tasteful
               | way to respond about your own behavior, but as it
               | happens, I don't see how the other comment broke the
               | guidelines. The commenter may be 100% wrong, but there's
               | no rule against being wrong on HN. If someone else is
               | wrong and you know the truth, the thing to do is
               | patiently and respectfully provide correct information
               | and better arguments. Name-calling is definitely not ok,
               | and please stop posting in the flamewar style. It's the
               | opposite of what we want here.
               | 
               | What we want is described well in this sentence pg wrote
               | years ago: _Comments should be written in the spirit of
               | colleagues cooperating in good faith to figure out the
               | truth about something, not politicians trying to ridicule
               | and misrepresent the other side._
        
               | mandmandam wrote:
               | First "egregious violations" and now "sinister
               | insinuations"... You are a trip. Literally that guy and
               | you downvoted me, it's doubtful anyone else even saw the
               | thread.
               | 
               | And I stand by those "sinister insinuations", for the
               | record. There is no way, none, that multiple commenters
               | found this old dead thread, moved to the second page, and
               | flagged my comment within minutes of its posting. Occam's
               | razor would suggest that OP has the power to flag people
               | single handed.
               | 
               | I notice that you say "we" asked you. Is this the 'royal'
               | we? Are there multiple people behind this account?
               | 
               | Dang, feel free to take this the wrong way, but I think
               | you could use a perspective check. I've heard that acting
               | as a gatekeeper too long can inflate one's ego. Ask
               | yourself if you're doing as much good here as you used
               | to.
               | 
               | While we're chatting all friendly; do you ever wonder
               | what the real life consequences of removing that story
               | about Gina Haspel all those times are? I think about it a
               | lot. I wonder if you give even a tiny little shit about
               | helping cover for such a ghoul. My nightmare is that you
               | rationalised that ghastly act so well, you don't even
               | remember doing it.
               | 
               | Don't take that as pointing the finger to deflect from my
               | own horrific actions, lol. I genuinely wonder how you
               | live with doing that all the time, and now seems a good
               | time to ask you - you must have a great view up there on
               | that moral high ground.
        
               | dang wrote:
               | By "sinister insinuations" I just mean that you're
               | imagining manipulations that didn't actually happen. The
               | flags on your comment were perfectly ordinary, from quite
               | a few legit HN users, none of whom (other than me) have
               | been posting in this thread. Similarly, "that guy" did
               | not downvote you, other users did; and plenty of users
               | have seen this thread--HN has a lot of readers. Whatever
               | concept of HN you have that suggests these things
               | couldn't happen, it must be false, since they did happen.
               | 
               | Half a million stories get submitted to HN every year.
               | Plenty get moderated in some way; plenty are in some way
               | ghoulish. I'm afraid I don't remember them all; I hardly
               | remember any of them. It feels like you may be putting
               | too much weight on one data point, if you're asking "how
               | you live with doing that" about a specific story from
               | years ago. The answer is that the moderation principles
               | here are clear and we try our hardest to apply them even-
               | handedly.
               | 
               | Incidentally, you can't derive any political agreement or
               | disagreement from the way we moderate HN - we moderate
               | stories and comments all the time that we personally
               | agree with and/or consider important. If you scroll back
               | through moderation comments on HN you'll find that
               | commenters from every political and ideological angle get
               | moderated, because people on all sides break the HN
               | guidelines
               | (https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html). I'm
               | not claiming that we have no bias, but certainly we work
               | hard at this and have a lot of practice at it.
               | 
               | If you would please start doing a better job of adhering
               | to those guidelines now, I'd appreciate it.
        
               | mandmandam wrote:
               | You know, if not adhering to your interpretation of the
               | guidelines results in rate-limiting and threats to ban,
               | then they're not actually guidelines, they are rules. It
               | would be nice if you were honest about that.
               | 
               | And no, there is absolutely no way that my second comment
               | was flagged by multiple users within minutes. This thread
               | was long dead by then, and this is on the second page.
               | What you say about the first comment is highly doubtful
               | too, considering it was flagged within one single minute,
               | with one single downvote - and was already also on the
               | second page.
               | 
               | If repeatedly removing the story of an infamous torturer
               | who destroyed congressional evidence taking one of the
               | most powerful technical positions in the country -
               | against loud and polite protestations - is really not
               | remembered by you then you have two big problems. 1, your
               | humanity, and 2, you need more moderators here because
               | clearly you are being stretched too thin. Ask PG for a
               | bit more budget, for the sake of your soul and the people
               | here creating this content.
        
           | titzer wrote:
           | > in USA
           | 
           | The first page of the document listed collaborators from the
           | Wuhan Institute of Virology.
        
       | endisneigh wrote:
       | [deleted]
        
         | boolean wrote:
         | > Why can't we just assume the worst and take action based on
         | that?
         | 
         | Because they might require vastly different actions?
        
         | newswasboring wrote:
         | 1. We can do two things at a time. Investigation of origins
         | does not block anyone from making and following policies to
         | stop the spread.
         | 
         | 2. I don't know about you but I have lost more than 1.5 years
         | of my life to this. World around me has changed fundamentally
         | in many ways. Just for closures sake I would like to know why
         | this happened to me.
        
           | endisneigh wrote:
           | 2. It has more to do with your country's government than the
           | source of the virus, hence my comment
           | 
           | Even if you knew would anything change? I'm not advocating
           | for ignorance, rather that it's impossible to know
           | conclusively without full cooperation and it's in the
           | interest of all parties to deflect
        
             | newswasboring wrote:
             | > Even if you knew would anything change?
             | 
             | Yes. Closure. I know it's a vague human need, but it is a
             | need at least I have. It will definitely be good for my
             | mental health. And why do you want people to cease just
             | because something is hard? All criminal cases are hard.
             | Some are solved. Let's try to solve this one.
        
             | darkerside wrote:
             | Why put a murderer in jail? It won't bring the victim back.
        
         | sayonaraman wrote:
         | you mean figuring out what caused a global pandemic, deaths of
         | millions of people and trillions dollars of economic damage is
         | of no consequence?
        
           | endisneigh wrote:
           | if we figure out, what then? Are they to blame for all the
           | death?
        
             | newswasboring wrote:
             | Yes absolutely. If someone engineered something so deadly
             | in a lab, in a non war political climate, and can be so
             | irresponsible as to leak it and cause all this death then
             | yes. They are absolutely responsible.
        
             | sayonaraman wrote:
             | well how about establishing safety procedures, research
             | guidelines and international regulation body governing
             | dangerous GoF research so that such outbreak doesn't happen
             | again.
        
               | endisneigh wrote:
               | Can't we do that either way?
        
               | sayonaraman wrote:
               | you've gotta know the details, kind of like those 19th
               | and 20th century epidemiologists who went to the ground
               | zero of say cholera outbreak* and investigated how it
               | started and what was its source, and how exactly it
               | originated and spread, and such investigations were
               | helpful to bring about vaccines and preventive measures
               | (and more recently see Ebola response for example).
               | 
               | Now while we do have effective Covid vaccines (at least
               | for some variants of the virus), knowing the exact origin
               | of a major pandemic, either it came from a natural source
               | or a lab, is of major importance for science, medicine
               | and public health.
               | 
               | Arguably we're lucky COVID was not as deadly as some
               | other viral pandemics of the past** and we have to gather
               | as much info as possible on its origin and distribution
               | in order to prevent something like this (or worse)
               | happening in the future.
               | 
               | *https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldemar_Haffkine
               | 
               | **https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Death
        
         | fighterpilot wrote:
         | Here's four reasons:
         | 
         | - Only with accountability can there be some deterrence.
         | Especially if there were actors outside of China that were
         | involved.
         | 
         | - The _details_ of the post-mortem will give us valuable
         | insights that we can 't get by simply imagining up a worst case
         | from our armchair. If a plane crashes, we want to figure out
         | why it crashed and make specific improvements, rather than just
         | assuming what happened and acting based on a loose and
         | inaccurate mental model.
         | 
         | - If it did leak, there needs to be a cultural reckoning and
         | introspection as to how this was allowed to be so taboo for so
         | long.
         | 
         | - If it did leak, public knowledge of that may be what causes
         | there to be sufficient political will to get regulatory
         | safeguards implemented
        
       | ImaCake wrote:
       | I don't find this evidence compelling. Also did any of you read
       | the leaked proposal? [0] It would have been super useful to fund
       | this! The intercept has done a massive disservice to the grant
       | proposal here with their poor portrayal of it.
       | 
       | Reading the introduction, it looks like it would have been
       | incredibly useful data to have for the origins of COVID-19 since
       | much of the work looks like it would have been surveillance for
       | bat coronaviruses. I note that the second work program would be
       | research on effectively vaccinating bats to prevent spread of
       | coronaviruses. Australia did something similar by vaccinating
       | horses against Hendra virus.
       | 
       | Unfortunately it doesn't matter in the end what evidence is put
       | forth. People are going to believe the lab escape hypothesis
       | because there are powerful interests intent on pushing that
       | narrative. The arguments in favour of lab escape seem plausible,
       | even if they conflict with the molecular evidence. Most people
       | don't know enough about the arcanery of molecular biology to
       | trust it over the hearsay of documents and politicians.
       | 
       | 0. https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21066966-defuse-
       | prop...
        
         | rmu09 wrote:
         | Relevant interview with peter daszak
         | https://www.microbe.tv/twiv/twiv-615/ recorded at the december
         | 2019 nipah conference in singapure.
        
       | AlbertoGP wrote:
       | There is a live stream right now by Dr. Kevin McCairn
       | (neuroscientist) commenting on this paper, a grant application
       | from EcoHealth Alliance (Peter Daszak) detailing what they were
       | going to do in Wuhan: https://youtu.be/ayNMSFp7pOE
        
         | taurusnoises wrote:
         | "Video removed by uploader." Is there anything about this virus
         | that isn't suspicious!? Like, can't even a YouTube video stay
         | up when it's supposed to?
        
           | xenophonf wrote:
           | I only have the GP's word that the removed video was about
           | the topic they claim it was. For all I know, this video could
           | have been a rickroll.
        
             | AlbertoGP wrote:
             | You are right to be skeptical.
             | 
             | It would be nice if they could be left up in YouTube, but
             | it's either removing them right after the stream ends, or
             | YouTube takes it down and blocks his account, which has
             | happened multiple times in the last 18 months.
             | 
             | You can find all of them in his website after registration
             | (e-mail and password): https://www.mccairndojo.com/
             | 
             | Some of the videos are still available in YouTube:
             | https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCy2-l7Y87DC_3SBAKPk2M1Q
             | 
             | His surviving Twitter account:
             | https://twitter.com/w_mccairn
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | phkahler wrote:
       | Some people:
       | 
       | >> Vincent Racaniello, a professor of microbiology and immunology
       | at Columbia University, was adamant that the proposal did not
       | change his opinion that the pandemic was caused by a natural
       | spillover from animals to humans. "There are zero data to support
       | a lab origin 'notion,'" Racaniello wrote in an email.
       | 
       | There seems to be zero data to support his spillover idea too.
       | But now we have documentation of people wanting to do the exact
       | experiments that could lead to this, and he's still sticking to
       | his fantasy.
       | 
       | I dont think the point here is to definitively determine the
       | origin of this virus, it's to point to the fact that unchecked
       | scientists are wanting to do exactly the kind of experiments that
       | could kill us all. IIRC an Ebola gene was successfully put in a
       | flu virus years ago but contained - hemorrhagic influenza anyone?
       | 
       | This stuff needs to stop.
        
         | mberning wrote:
         | At the very minimum we should not be funding this type of
         | research. Just the act of going into a cave and looking for
         | specimens is dangerous. Ideally there would be a worldwide ban
         | on it. We should take the money and effort and redouble out
         | efforts to create antiviral therapies.
        
         | novaRom wrote:
         | Daszak in a famous interview has said: "You can manipulate
         | coronaviruses in a lab quite easily". It was a month or two
         | before COVID outbreak in Wuhan.
        
         | phreeza wrote:
         | The question is if it is possible to stop this kind of research
         | at all, given the potential military applications. Will it not
         | just push research from publicly known and inspected (like
         | Wuhan) into secret military labs?
        
           | TechBro8615 wrote:
           | Perhaps the US could start by not funding the labs in
           | question.
        
       | chrsw wrote:
       | I could be missing something but this isn't exactly the smoking
       | gun the title makes it seem. I'm sure there are proposals, plans
       | and applications for all types of things. What I'm waiting for,
       | perhaps naively, is strong evidence, revelated an independent
       | investigation, that there was some foul business going on here.
       | Until I see that, I'm more inclined to rely on the word of
       | experts who have no connection to any of this. A novel aspect of
       | a viral genome isn't enough for me to leap to the conclusion that
       | it's human made.
        
         | subsubzero wrote:
         | I think the chain of evidence is suspicious to say the least.
         | 
         | 1. In 2018 EcoHealth Alliance(Peter Dazsak and team) apply to a
         | grant to darpa for viral modification research and highlight a
         | change in "furin cleavage site" at the same location as
         | covid-19's change, this change has never been seen before in
         | nature.
         | 
         | 2. In the darpa proposal is listed "Wuhan institute of
         | virology" as a team member, this was a year before the covid-19
         | outbreak in wuhan in 2019.
         | 
         | 3. Rather damning for Peter Dazsak is he publicly denied any
         | plausibility in the idea of a lab created source for covid-19,
         | while behind the scenes at the same time telling his two
         | students to distance themselves from this darpa proposal as the
         | virus was rapidly spreading through cities in the world.
         | 
         | 4. Even more unusual is that Peter Daszak and Linfa Wang, two
         | of the researchers who submitted the proposal, did not
         | previously acknowledge it until now.
        
           | BioResearcher2 wrote:
           | This is rather damning for other reasons that people may not
           | even realize. DARPA is a rather fast moving agency, and DARPA
           | grants can be fairly short term with a fast turnaround in
           | comparison to say NIH or NSF. Thus for DARPA grants (and
           | others, but especially DARPA), it's extremely common have
           | already started some aspects of the research in order to make
           | the timelines in the grant achievable. Thus as someone in a
           | nearby field (not something with such hefty security issues,
           | but bio-related), when I see it say that they wrote down they
           | wanted to insert this site into the virus, that is a public
           | admission that someone in some lab has already started
           | gathering preliminary data showing that it could work.
        
         | willupowers wrote:
         | The leaks reveal the confidence of a proposal and path to
         | accomplish the genetic manipulation that Daszak and his
         | associates have been aggressively refuting. This information
         | contradicts those previous statements. It appears Daszak may
         | have conflicts of interest that need more investigation.
        
         | derbOac wrote:
         | There must have been something about the title that changed, so
         | I'm responding to something that's maybe a bit different with
         | context. However...
         | 
         | Some other sites' coverage of this highlighted some of the
         | grant content a bit more prominently. I agree it's not quite a
         | smoking gun, but the content of the grant that was discussed
         | was eerily similar to what's been put together by investigating
         | organizations. It's akin to if you were trying to solve a
         | burglary and concluded "if this happened, the suspects would
         | have done A, B, D, and H", and then later you found some emails
         | sent back and forth by the suspects saying "hey how about we do
         | A, B, D, and H?" It's not proof they actually did it but it's
         | about as close as you can get to a smoking gun without it being
         | a smoking gun.
         | 
         | The timing is also uncanny.
         | 
         | I don't want to miscommunicate the extent to which I think the
         | grant proposal proves anything, as I don't think it does, but
         | it blurs the moral difference so much that I start to find
         | myself wondering why as a society we shouldn't react with
         | _some_ things as if it did. That is, I don 't think it rises to
         | some level where I would say it definitely proves beyond a
         | reasonable doubt that anyone did anything, but I do think it
         | compels some deep reflection about the scientific-media-
         | authority-academic-funding complex.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | The submitted title ("New Leaked Documents Point to Engineered
         | Lab Origin for SARS-CoV-2") broke the site guidelines badly by
         | editorializing. Submitters: please don't do that--it will
         | eventually cause you to lose submission privileges on HN.
         | Instead, follow the site guidelines, which include: " _Please
         | use the original title, unless it is misleading or linkbait;
         | don 't editorialize._"
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
         | 
         | (I'm assuming, of course, that it wasn't the article title that
         | got subsequently changed. If that was the case, ignore the
         | above.)
        
           | nl wrote:
           | Maybe putting that specific guideline on the submission page
           | might help?
        
           | klyrs wrote:
           | > (I'm assuming, of course, that it wasn't the article title
           | that got subsequently changed. If that was the case, ignore
           | the above.)
           | 
           | Not the first time I've seen you say this. Would it be
           | worthwhile to fetch articles when they're submitted, if only
           | for your own sanity?
        
             | dang wrote:
             | Fetching them in a way that information (like titles) can
             | be meaningfully extracted from is a lot harder than it
             | sounds - we've worked on it in the past and got bogged down
             | in lots of details and corner cases etc. An easier way
             | might be to rely on one of the archiving services, e.g.
             | archive.org. If a snapshot could be taken at submission
             | time than it would be there to refer to later.
             | 
             | On the other hand, titles changing on the fly isn't _that_
             | big a headache as far as sanity-affecting headaches go. NYT
             | does it all the time, or used to. The main thing I don 't
             | like to do is scold someone for breaking the title
             | guideline and then finding out later that it was the site,
             | not the submitter, that changed it.
        
               | SquishyPanda23 wrote:
               | > information (like titles) can be meaningfully extracted
               | 
               | From a technical perspective it's probably simpler to
               | just grep the page for the user-submitted title.
        
               | abecedarius wrote:
               | Sometimes you have to paraphrase the title due to the
               | length limit.
        
               | nl wrote:
               | The issue is likely mostly paywalled sites and SPAs where
               | this isn't as simple.
        
               | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
               | Yet another reason to ban paywalled sites.
               | 
               | I really don't understand why a site that wants people to
               | actually read the article and discuss the contents
               | promotes articles that at least 90% of readers won't be
               | able to (easily) access.
        
               | SquishyPanda23 wrote:
               | Sure, and I agree that this problem isn't worth spending
               | a lot of resources on if the level of toil is acceptable.
               | 
               | But most paywall sites do display the title so that you
               | know what great journalism you're being asked to pay for.
               | I suspect that the typical SPA shows titles as well. So
               | greping should work in those cases.
               | 
               | But my point was while title extraction is a hard problem
               | requiring you to solve lots of corner cases, title
               | greping is simple and handles the vast majority of cases.
               | The corner cases are then handled by humans (as, IIUC,
               | all cases are currently).
               | 
               | Accepting a user-generated title and comparing it to the
               | text gives you a boolean. If they don't match you can
               | just ask the user to affirm that what they submitted is
               | really the title. Then, if you like, you can have a "this
               | title may be dodgy" icon on posts that don't match.
        
             | xoa wrote:
             | The truly irritating thing is that even that wouldn't
             | necessarily be enough, because so many sites actually do
             | live A/B/C/[n] title tests simultaneously to randomized
             | sets of users then choose whichever one gets the most
             | clicks or whatever metric first. Even without any manual
             | shenanigans. So there's a window where merely refreshing or
             | browsing from a different IP will yield a different title.
             | Sometimes evidence is left in the URL or interactions with
             | older systems on the a site but that's all baroque. So so
             | so many edge cases in grabbing titles.
             | 
             | Probably not worth the effort on HN to try to automate vs
             | just treating it case by case. It doesn't usually seem to
             | be a problem. "Pre-optimization is the root of all evil"
             | and all that.
             | 
             | Edit: or archive.org as dang says, but I don't know if even
             | they see all versions of a page if there is a simultest
             | situation. Regrettably seems pretty SOP on even reputable
             | places.
        
         | ramraj07 wrote:
         | Professors never make proposals that they're not sure would
         | work nowadays. It's too risky with an already uncertain grant
         | system so most (especially successful) labs only write in
         | proposals things they have already proven but not fully
         | disclosed. They'll then use the money they get to test and
         | finish half of the next project and then write the next
         | proposal with that knowledge. Thus it's very likely they
         | already did this research a good way through when this proposal
         | was submitted.
         | 
         | While this doesn't prove they made and leaked the virus, it
         | doesn't exonerate them either. A proper investigation is
         | needed. When you say you rely on experts, you should definitely
         | listen to them but unfortunately when people are defending
         | their colleagues it's much harder to do this. Further, many
         | scientists would take any questioning of this persons ethics as
         | castigation of the whole scientific establishment and become
         | defensive. Even otherwise, it looks like the tide is changing
         | among experts now, more and more are agreeing the lab leak is a
         | viable hypothesis.
        
         | fredgrott wrote:
         | short biology explanation as I do not know how much the HN
         | readers has.
         | 
         | We did not have the tools to do genetic manipulation as far s
         | the physical techniques until recently...ie they were not
         | around when I took biochem in 1990s.
         | 
         | HOWEVER, we still do not have enough concrete knowledge about
         | this domain to reliably design anything on purpose including
         | viruses organs ,etc.
         | 
         | Anybody that states otherwise is a danger to themselves and
         | others. Blunt as I can put that.
        
         | JPKab wrote:
         | There is a long chain of improbable coincidences required to
         | believe that the virus came directly to humans from animal
         | reservoirs in nature.
         | 
         | Coincidence 1.) Wuhan is roughly 1800 KM away from the caves in
         | Yunnan province where previous bat-borne coronaviruses jumped
         | to humans harvesting bat guano in earlier SARS outbreaks. It is
         | a massive metropolitan area, and far more cosmopolitan than
         | many westerners believe. They don't eat bats in Wuhan, and bats
         | were never present at wet markets. Possible for a virus to jump
         | from bats to humans here, but unlikely based on priors and the
         | realities of horseshoe bats being highly unlikely to come into
         | contact with urbanized humans at a level to transmit a virus
         | that isn't adapted to human lung receptors.
         | 
         | Coincidence 2.) Wuhan has 2 different facilities where bat-
         | borne coronavirus research took place. There are only a few of
         | these labs in the entire world, and none others in all of
         | China.
         | 
         | Coincidence 3. ) Unlike both SARS-1 and MERS, where animal
         | reservoirs for both were found within months, almost 2 years
         | later, no animal reservoir has been identified for SARS-2.
         | Unlike both MERS and SARS-1, SARS-2 has never been particularly
         | infectious to other animal species. SARS-1 in its early stages
         | was still highly transmissible between bats. SARS-2 never
         | exhibited this characteristic.
         | 
         | Coincidence 4. ) The evidence that would have easily exonerated
         | the labs was deliberately destroyed by the CCP early in the
         | pandemic, with extensive blocking of access to any and all
         | foreign investigators.
         | 
         | Coincidence 5.) The same city where this outbreak occurred was
         | a known location, based on other grants to EcoHealth Alliance,
         | of researching bat coronavirus experiments involving the use of
         | "humanized mice". No, "humanized" isn't some novel, sci-fi or
         | conspiracy theory idea. They are genetically modified mice
         | which are routinely used in research. The variety used in the
         | lab were engineered to have human ACE-2 receptors lining their
         | respiratory tissue. Sounds crazy, I know, but here's the grant
         | summary (it was awarded) for the research, and notice the
         | "humanized mice" at the very end of the text:
         | https://reporter.nih.gov/search/xQW6UJmWfUuOV01ntGvLwQ/proje...
         | 
         | All of this evidence is circumstantial, but every day that goes
         | by where no zoonotic reservoir is identified (the CCP isn't
         | looking at all, because they know the answer) increasingly
         | points to this being a lab accident and a subsequent coverup by
         | a paranoid authoritarian regime, along with a scientific
         | community desperate to prevent virology from being impacted the
         | way nuclear energy research was by Chernobyl.
        
         | baja_blast wrote:
         | there will never be an independent investigation
        
           | throwawaysea wrote:
           | This is correct. China delayed a site visit for more than a
           | year. And then when it happened they controlled what was
           | said. And on top of that the only US representative was
           | Daszak, since the WHO rejected a few other candidates from
           | the Trump administration and picked someone who was seemingly
           | favorable to the outcome they (or perhaps China?) desired. It
           | is incredible that all these countries around the world
           | didn't immediately implement sanctions and a maritime
           | blockade after such obviously untrustworthy actions in an
           | incident that has led to hundreds of thousands of deaths.
        
             | adflux wrote:
             | Like sending a murderer to investigate his own murders
        
           | chrsw wrote:
           | If this is true, then I think we have a bigger problem on our
           | hands. Even if there's no lab connection to the COVID-19
           | outbreak.
        
             | mensetmanusman wrote:
             | Is China a bigger problem than the pandemic? Hmmmm....
        
         | imbnwa wrote:
         | I mean, even in the case that occurs, what is the endgame?
         | _Fine_ China? _Sanction_ China? _Demand_ accountability from
         | China? Not happening, not when they make everyone 's chips
         | among other things.
         | 
         | Can someone enlighten me about the value of this theory? It
         | just seems like another vector of anti-establishment distrust
         | discourse with a more intelligent veneer; easy to profit off of
         | (clicks, book sales, etc) and doesn't require a conclusion.
        
           | api wrote:
           | If this were true, the US is also involved. That would mean
           | both countries are responsible.
        
           | jtdev wrote:
           | They don't "make everyone's chip's"... that would be Taiwan.
           | 
           | Regarding what should be done: stop giving money to China for
           | GoF research would be a great start...
        
             | speed_spread wrote:
             | GoF? Is China still caught in the OO Design Pattern trap?
        
               | burnished wrote:
               | Gain of Function.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _Fine China? Sanction China? Demand accountability from
           | China?_
           | 
           | If China caused this and then lied about it, there would
           | absolutely be geopolitical will to organize and extract
           | concessions.
        
           | cameldrv wrote:
           | Perhaps if we have zero recourse against China in this sort
           | of situation, then the first step would be to work to remove
           | the conditions that lead to that lack of recourse.
        
           | majormajor wrote:
           | This was a proposal to DARPA from a US-based group so the "if
           | it came from the Wuhan lab we need to deal with China" part
           | of the common reaction to the lab-origins idea seems wildly
           | unfounded.
           | 
           | If it came from a lab - hell, even if it DIDN'T come from a
           | lab, but _could have_ - then we need to globally think about
           | what sort of things we 're doing and how safely we can do
           | them.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | gmkiv wrote:
           | The value is to inform the larger discussion of the risks and
           | benefits of gain of function research.
        
           | willupowers wrote:
           | The leaks reveal the confidence of a proposal and path to
           | accomplish the genetic manipulation that Daszak and his
           | associates have been aggressively refuting. This information
           | contradicts those previous statements. It appears Daszak may
           | have conflicts of interest that need more investigation.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | iammisc wrote:
           | The value is that it shows the American media for what it
           | is... CCP apologists more willing to believe the communist
           | government of China than a sitting American president with
           | access to classified evidence. And also their use of 'woke'
           | language to hide truth.
        
             | woodruffw wrote:
             | I'm not sure I'm following: are you saying that the current
             | president should be believed, or the former one? Similarly,
             | are you saying that either president has cited classified
             | information that directly contradicts the media's reporting
             | on COVID-19?
             | 
             | To my recollection, neither president has forcefully
             | declassified _any_ evidence that supports the more
             | egregious claims made about COVID (that it was
             | intentionally leaked). In the mean time, there seems to be
             | ample  & bipartisan willingness among the general public to
             | at least entertain more benign "accidental leak" theories.
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | Robert Redfield former CDC director said trump had access
               | to intelligence implicating the lab. Biden presumay does
               | as well.
               | 
               | Also, nowhere here is any claim it was intentional.
        
         | markdown wrote:
         | > that there was some foul business going on here
         | 
         | The lab leak hypothesis isn't a hypothesis that foul business
         | went on.
        
         | BellLabradors wrote:
         | I agree with your characterisation of the evidence, except I
         | think "Points to" is not synonymous with "smoking gun" so I
         | don't think the criticism of the title is valid. In terms of
         | how important this evidence is, it isn't just "a novel aspect
         | of a viral genome", it is the aspect of the genome which is
         | hardest to square with a natural origin. And it is an aspect
         | that scientists involved in this research explicitly proposed
         | inserting into coronaviruses. From the article:
         | 
         | "Let's look at the big picture: A novel SARS coronavirus
         | emerges in Wuhan with a novel cleavage site in it. We now have
         | evidence that, in early 2018, they had pitched inserting novel
         | cleavage sites into novel SARS-related viruses in their lab,"
         | said Chan. "This definitely tips the scales for me. And I think
         | it should do that for many other scientists too."
         | 
         | Richard Ebright, a molecular biologist at Rutgers University
         | who has espoused the possibility that SARS-CoV-2 may have
         | originated in a lab, agreed. "The relevance of this is that
         | SARS Cov-2, the pandemic virus, is the only virus in its entire
         | genus of SARS-related coronaviruses that contains a fully
         | functional cleavage site at the S1, S2 junction," said Ebright,
         | referring to the place where two subunits of the spike protein
         | meet. "And here is a proposal from the beginning of 2018,
         | proposing explicitly to engineer that sequence at that position
         | in chimeric lab-generated coronaviruses."
         | 
         | And then what's more, they sat on the fact that they had
         | requested funding for this research for the last 18 months,
         | when the world has been desperately trying to find any relevant
         | information on the virus' origins. The fact that they did not
         | put this forward themselves in in and of itself suspect.
        
           | JPKab wrote:
           | "And then what's more, they sat on the fact that they had
           | requested funding for this research for the last 18 months,
           | when the world has been desperately trying to find any
           | relevant information on the virus' origins. The fact that
           | they did not put this forward themselves in in and of itself
           | suspect."
           | 
           | They didn't just "sit on it". EcoHealth and Peter Daszak
           | deliberately and aggressively attacked anyone who pointed to
           | lab-leak origins as conspiracy theorists and bigots. They did
           | so in an article in The Lancet journal where they also stated
           | they had no conflicts of interest.
           | 
           | Reading this statement, knowing what you know now, and it
           | becomes very clear how sinister and calculated the
           | misdirection was:
           | 
           | https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6.
           | ..
           | 
           | And look at the end of the letter, at the sentence: "We
           | declare no competing interests." That's a blatant lie, as we
           | now know.
           | 
           | Those of us who have been seeing this for a long time were
           | attacked, bullied, and tarred as bigots because of these
           | irresponsible scientists desperately trying to cling to their
           | grant funding. My comment history on HN has numerous
           | comments, from months and months ago, where I was attacked,
           | downvoted, and called an anti-Asian bigot for saying what is
           | now obvious. Talking about this before the 2020 election
           | resulted in immediate accusations of being a Trump
           | sycophant/white nationalist, along with banning and deletions
           | from social media. As a lifelong heterodox thinker, I always
           | sort of shrugged my shoulders at being surrounded by people
           | who predominantly just go with the herd on things. But this
           | entire situation has now made me actively despise the "herd".
           | After being a lifelong liberal Democrat who got demonized,
           | bullied, and yes, beaten up for opposing the Iraq war in the
           | conservative area I grew up in, I was shocked to realize that
           | the other side isn't any different. Just a little more
           | sophisticated. They don't physically assault you, but they'll
           | try to get you fired, and equate you with a Nazi in a
           | heartbeat.
           | 
           | As a result of this pandemic, my mother-in-law and aunt are
           | dead, a friend took his own life when his charter fishing
           | business went under, and my wife's mental health has been
           | crushed. I myself was infected a month before I was eligible
           | for the vaccine. Luckily it was a mild case, but I still
           | don't have my sense of smell. Billions around the world had
           | it worse than me, and it is unforgivable that the media, big
           | tech, and the scientific community have colluded to obfuscate
           | the true origins of this manmade disaster. The Soviets would
           | have dreamed of having this kind of cover as Chernobyl spewed
           | radiation into the atmosphere.
        
             | mannanj wrote:
             | Hey JPKab, just wanted to post that I empathize with you
             | and I've experienced the same criticism. You aren't alone,
             | and even if it may feel the entire country hates and
             | condemns you for questioning that not everyone is that way.
             | 
             | I've found some hope among opponents with disagreeing
             | beliefs, and I think remaining optimistic (reasonably) is
             | an important piece of retaining the power to drive forward
             | change in this area. Let's remain supportive and hopeful in
             | ultimately the same goal as our opponents: caring for and
             | providing safety, love and compassion for all humans.
        
           | bb88 wrote:
           | To me the title of the article should have been:
           | 
           | "Leaked DARPA proposals adds weight to lab-engineered sars-
           | cov-2 hypothesis"
           | 
           | ...or something along those lines. The problem is that
           | "points to" is a pretty strong direct relationship. But these
           | docs aren't directly related apparently (since the research
           | was rejected by DARPA). It just shows that labs were
           | potentially interested in creating such viruses. But that
           | does hint that such a scenario could have been possible.
        
             | willupowers wrote:
             | The leaks reveal the confidence of a proposal and path to
             | accomplish the genetic manipulation that Daszak and his
             | associates have been aggressively refuting. This
             | information contradicts those previous statements. It
             | appears Daszak may have conflicts of interest that need
             | more investigation.
        
           | chrsw wrote:
           | I guess "smoking gun" is too strong. Maybe what I should have
           | said is something like "there's been a new development which
           | completely changes the characterization of the sequence of
           | events leading up to the pandemic."
           | 
           | What you're saying is worth looking deeper into, but it's not
           | enough to start making claims yet, imo. There are probably
           | hundreds or thousands of proposals and papers floating around
           | now that talk about different things one can do with genetic
           | engineering. If something should arise that is related to the
           | concepts in some of those papers you wouldn't necessarily
           | jump to the conclusion that there's a causal connection. Not
           | without more information, anyway.
           | 
           | "it is the aspect of the genome which is hardest to square
           | with a natural origin" This doesn't tell me it's artificially
           | created. The most this tells me is it's not well understood.
           | 
           | "The fact that they did not put this forward themselves in in
           | and of itself suspect." It could be related. Or it could be
           | unrelated and there maybe some other explanation. My point
           | is, when you want to charge someone with a serious crime,
           | which I think this falls under, you need to come with some
           | pretty strong evidence that directly ties whoever is involved
           | to the events of the crime. This evidence may very well exist
           | and it's not been shared publicly.
        
             | JPKab wrote:
             | I'm going to take a wild guess that when you first heard
             | Trump call it the "China virus" you were as utterly
             | horrified and revolted as I was. You had every right to be.
             | 
             | Like me, you probably viewed it as a deliberate attempt to
             | distract from his administration's incompetence. Like me,
             | you probably decided right then and there that it was a
             | natural virus and recognized that a bulk of the people
             | saying otherwise just HAPPENED to be people who wanted
             | Trump re-elected.
             | 
             | There comes a point where you have to recognize that you
             | have made decisions with incomplete information and
             | emotional biases, and that those decisions sometimes need
             | to be completely cast out, with an objective, reasoned look
             | at the latest facts.
             | 
             | At this point, the evidence that you reasonably state needs
             | to be found has long been eradicated by the second most
             | powerful nation state the world has ever seen. An
             | authoritarian one, with the ability to make any critic
             | disappear. There will never be an actual smoking gun,
             | because the CCP had months of knowledge of what they had
             | accidentally released before the rest of the planet knew it
             | existed. All of the evidence was within their borders. The
             | eradication of this evidence is itself an incredibly strong
             | indication of guilt, particularly combined with the
             | mountains of circumstantial evidence that point to this
             | being a lab leak. If a detective walks into a suspected
             | murderers bedroom, and finds that all of the surfaces have
             | been bleached and the carpet has been ripped up, he doesn't
             | have definitive evidence that the suspect is a murderer.
             | But he does have evidence that they are trying to hide
             | something.
        
       | phreeza wrote:
       | I really hate the way everything around the coronavirus has been
       | politicized. It is a very important question to investigate the
       | lab leak hypothesis thoroughly. However, the hypothesis seems to
       | have gone from "the virus leaked from a lab" to "the virus has
       | leaked from a lab and thus the chinese communist party is
       | responsible for any and all consequences", which drives people
       | into their political camps depending on who they want to assign
       | blame to, which is a total mind killer.
        
       | trhway wrote:
       | That is the same EcoHealth which was doing it in Wuhan :
       | 
       | https://www.bbc.com/news/57932699
       | 
       | "That organization - the US-based EcoHealth Alliance - was
       | awarded grants strating 2014 to look into possible coronaviruses
       | from bats.
       | 
       | EcoHealth received $3.7m from the NIH, $600,000 of which was
       | given to the Wuhan Institute of Virology."
       | 
       | So, in early 2018 they propose specific modifications to the
       | virus, and in the end of 2019 such a modified virus emerges right
       | near their lab...
       | 
       | Btw, in their first $666K (with Wuhan getting $160K) 2014 tranche
       | of the $3.3M grant award, the "Are Human Subjects Involved" is
       | already "Yes" with IRB review already pending - see p.13 here
       | https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21055989-understandi...
       | 
       | I from the start (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23340283)
       | was saying that one of main reasons of doing it in Wuhan was the
       | human testing.
        
       | roca wrote:
       | Daszak should be compelled to reveal everything he knows and all
       | relevant evidence --- all proposals, all emails, all files, any
       | other documentation.
       | 
       | I'm mystified why this hasn't already happened. I mean, his
       | career depends on government largesse so it shouldn't even
       | require coercion. Full cooperation or no cash.
        
         | throwawaysea wrote:
         | It's not just Daszak. The NIH itself has refused to cooperate
         | with members of Congress who've called for transparency. I'm
         | not sure why the Biden administration is OK with agencies being
         | secretive about something that like this that clearly deserves
         | public scrutiny: https://www.newsweek.com/its-time-nih-
         | transparency-wuhan-res...
        
           | willupowers wrote:
           | Right now it looks like the U.S. might have been working with
           | Wuhan on a vaccine. And Wuhan had an oopsies. We just have a
           | confirmation statement from DARPA that they weren't working
           | with WIV. I bet someone knows the rest of the details why
           | we've been watching a circus act for a couple years now.
        
         | stablechaos wrote:
         | Because all of the major players, the Chinese Communist Party,
         | the US government (DARPA & the NIH), and several universities
         | and their IRB boards (UNC-Chapel Hill, WIV, and others), all
         | had a hand in this, and the second they give legitimacy to this
         | theory--that the hubris and recklessness of scientists and
         | bureaucrats led to the deaths and suffering of millions--then
         | they'll never be able to put the cat back in the bag.
         | 
         | They also know that if it was their fault, the CCP did a good
         | enough job of scrubbing the evidence that we'll never meet the
         | standard of evidence that would satisfy many of those who
         | choose to take the authority at their word. We're seeing this
         | first-hand in this thread.
        
           | gfodor wrote:
           | Well, the good news is that either way we are still exposed
           | to a lab leak of an airborne highly contagious coronavirus as
           | much as we were before. Oh wait did I say good news?
        
             | hirako2000 wrote:
             | Not either way. Investigations to find out whether this
             | virus was in fact made in lab has tremendous utility. First
             | it would seek reparation from all parties involved in
             | creating this chaos. Second it will dissuade other lunatic
             | research group or companies getting funny ideas in the
             | future.
        
               | the-dude wrote:
               | How can any reparation be meaningful on this scale of
               | damages?
        
               | hirako2000 wrote:
               | We don't ask this question when it comes to murder. Why
               | would we in this case?
        
         | pishpash wrote:
         | You're assuming the government has a different interest than
         | him.
        
         | someguydave wrote:
         | what he knows might embarrass or reveal dishonesty from others
         | in the government or those seeking positions in the government
        
           | roca wrote:
           | The government is not a monolith. The US Congress could do
           | this and individual Congresspeople don't have an obvious
           | interest in covering this up.
           | 
           | Edit: the problem looks like partisan politics to me.
           | Republicans have been agitating to pressure Daszak, and
           | therefore Democrats are against it.
        
         | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
         | I've been _extremely_ wary of how some of the evidence of
         | Covid-19 origins have come about, particular because so much of
         | it has been presented as  "Well, we've never seen this before,
         | so it must have lab origins."
         | 
         | That said, I think the context around this is _extremely_
         | damning for Daszak. I didn 't realize this until reading the
         | Wikipedia article on Daszak, but _he_ was the one that
         | organized the Feb 2020 letter in the Lancet condemning
         | suggestions of a lab origin for Covid-19 as conspiracy
         | theories. But how could he do this while conveniently leaving
         | out that his own organization _was_ involved in highly risky
         | coronavirus research?
         | 
         | Again, I don't think this news puts us much closer to
         | uncovering the origins of Covid-19, but it _does_ show how some
         | of these folks leading the charge of  "it had to be natural"
         | were at the very least being duplicitous in their
         | communications.
        
           | sjwalter wrote:
           | This whole narrative was revealed ages ago by internet
           | reporters, particularly by Dr. Chris Martenson of
           | peakprosperity.com.
           | 
           | What's not being reported even in this Intercept article is
           | that Fauci and the Eco Health Alliance are heavily involved
           | with each other. One week before Daszak et al released their
           | ridiculous "lab leak is a conspiracy theory" Lancet article,
           | as revealed in Fauci's emails (which supposedly revealed
           | nothing), Fauci had a conference call with Daszak and other
           | Eco Health folks, after discussing the fact that the lab leak
           | hypothesis was gaining traction.
           | 
           | They have a big conference call, the Lancet article is posted
           | a week later.
           | 
           | Here's all the details:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DNxoVFZwMYw
           | 
           | I know "Bro, just watch this youtube video" is lame-ass
           | evidence in general, but Dr. Martenson has been incredibly
           | data-driven and level-headed throughout the pandemic, is a
           | pro-masker, and his views have evolved over time with new
           | data.
        
             | throwawaysea wrote:
             | Also the state department knew of dangerous research taking
             | place in unsafe conditions at 1-2 years before:
             | https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2021/03/08/josh-
             | rogin...
        
               | fsh wrote:
               | The original cable was published in the meantime [1]. I
               | don't see any mention of "dangerous research taking place
               | in unsafe conditions". Why don't you read it for
               | yourself? It's only three pages.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.washingtonpost.com/context/read-the-
               | state-depart...
        
               | throwawaysea wrote:
               | To my eyes, this cable confirms what the Politico article
               | said. It says there is a "serious shortage of
               | appropriately trained technicians and investigators
               | needed to safely operate this high-containment
               | laboratory". This is on Page 2, in the last paragraph. As
               | for what's dangerous, Page 3 specifically mentions
               | research undertaken with funding from NIH/NIAID studying
               | SARS-like coronaviruses that can interact with ACE2
               | (transmittable to humans). Handling such viruses,
               | particularly ones whose infectiousness has been increased
               | (gain of function), in a lab without properly trained
               | staff, seems pretty alarming to me.
        
             | brendoelfrendo wrote:
             | I've never heard of peakprosperity.com, but it seems to be
             | a site geared towards preppers/libertarians/those who are
             | already predisposed to a lack of institutional trust. You
             | can claim he's data driven and level headed, but the
             | context that he's operating in--and the audience that he's
             | speaking to--tells me that he's probably not being unbiased
             | in his analysis.
        
               | theduder99 wrote:
               | please send me some good sites which produce unbiased
               | analysis, thanks.
        
               | brendoelfrendo wrote:
               | That's not my job, sorry.
        
               | abnry wrote:
               | It's easy to be a critic.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Sometimes, an issue needs to be called out even if you
               | don't have the solution.
        
               | teh_klev wrote:
               | Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. You
               | can't hide behind the "go and look it up" response as is
               | often uttered by science deniers.
        
               | brendoelfrendo wrote:
               | The extraordinary claim is that the virus was man-made.
               | 
               | Edit to say: I don't think saying the virus came from
               | nature requires any additional proof. The claim that
               | requires extraordinary, indisputable proof is the claim
               | that it was man-made. And I have yet to see it, from this
               | or any source. Just a big compilation of weak,
               | circumstantial evidence.
        
               | willupowers wrote:
               | It's no longer an extraordinary circumstantial claim. It
               | might never have been because this kind of research that
               | very well could cause a COVID pandemic was being
               | concealed by the very people that decided very early that
               | there was no question the origin was natural. They were
               | performing risky and highly similar research and they
               | made huge contradictory statements that conflict with
               | this leaked evidence, and they are very well connected to
               | each other. You are going to need extraordinary reasons
               | why these people don't deserve an investigation into what
               | they had been doing and what they did know that wasn't
               | being shared.
        
               | teh_klev wrote:
               | So link to the actual indisputable proof.
        
               | avionicsguy wrote:
               | Well while this is not indisputable proof there is a very
               | relevant discussion on virological.org related to both
               | Furin cleavage sites and orgins of SARS-COV-2. The
               | damning part of the leaked research proposal is that they
               | ALREADY had partner researchers located near caves in
               | three different parts of Yunnan Province.
               | 
               | For a more detailed discussion of the origins of SARS-
               | COV-2 while not directly addressing the leaked DARPA
               | proposal please see: https://virological.org/t/tackling-
               | rumors-of-a-suspicious-or...
               | 
               | They also discuss that the base virus was mostly likely
               | linked to bats in Yunnan province. How it got from Yunnan
               | to Wuhan is a matter of question.
               | 
               | However, if the research was being conducted in the US
               | and accidentally leaked into the population it may have
               | been in circulation for sometime (months) before causing
               | serious illness or disease (mutations).
        
               | sjwalter wrote:
               | Eh, regardless of what you think of the source, it's
               | backed by hard, verifiable evidence.
               | 
               | Peak Prosperity was not about prepping much at all until
               | Covid, as far as I know. Dr. Martenson started pushing
               | home gardening and stocking up when covid hit--in fact,
               | he started saying such things in like February 2020--
               | pretty prescient.
        
           | hammock wrote:
           | >I didn't realize this until reading the Wikipedia article on
           | Daszak, but he was the one that organized the Feb 2020 letter
           | in the Lancet condemning suggestions of a lab origin for
           | Covid-19 as conspiracy theories.
           | 
           | Tangent, but if it takes this long to learn a fact like that,
           | consider a critical audit of your regular news sources.
        
             | gameman144 wrote:
             | Yeah, I'm always curious about this -- what would a good
             | recommendation be to get a broad base of news while also
             | relying on credible information?
             | 
             | E.g. I want to know the different reasonable perspectives
             | on issues/events without entertaining every kooky idea. In
             | this case, I feel like I lumped what seems a plausible
             | concern in with kooky ideas, and so missed the entire non-
             | kooky narrative.
        
               | Tade0 wrote:
               | It helps to be up to date with what the kooks think.
               | Majority of conspiracy theories start with a factually-
               | correct, compelling premise and only then go overboard
               | with speculation.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | willhinsa wrote:
               | You should stop outsourcing credibility evaluation to
               | others and see what you think of the kooks. The kooks
               | called the coronavirus sooo much better than everyone
               | else, from the jump.
               | 
               | You'll get a lot more "noise", sure, but the signal you
               | do get can be _incredibly_ useful. You learn to place
               | less trust on any individual thing you hear, and get a
               | better bullshit detector as you go. It 's well
               | worthwhile, and you'll be surprisingly well informed all
               | without some large entity telling you "what's really
               | happening".
        
             | flavius29663 wrote:
             | Good call out; People should re-evaluate their sources. I
             | had a similar epiphany 10 years ago, since then I'veve
             | expanded my sources considerably, and if it's something I
             | am interested in, then I will look for at least one counter
             | view point
        
             | refurb wrote:
             | Indeed. "Thoroughly debunked conspiracy theory" was how the
             | lab leak was described earlier this year by the media.
        
             | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
             | You've mischaracterized what I meant. When I was reading
             | the Intercept article, and it first started talking about
             | EcoHealth and Daszak, the names were familiar but I
             | couldn't remember where I heard them, so I searched and
             | found the Wikipedia article on him, and it was then that I
             | was like "Oh yeah, it's _this_ guy. " It's not like some
             | news sources were keeping this information from me.
        
           | roca wrote:
           | Yes, I have an open mind about natural vs lab origin, but
           | either way, Daszak seems to have been engaging in a cover-up.
        
           | lucb1e wrote:
           | > while conveniently leaving out that his own organization
           | _was_ involved in highly risky coronavirus research?
           | 
           | Don't get me wrong, but in online discussions, all too often
           | telling the whole truth makes people ignore your message.
           | That's probably also why dishonest politicians can get
           | populist votes from many people. Whenever you include the
           | material to dig your grave with, people just take that by the
           | horns and stop looking at the rest of your argument even if
           | that disclosure is the reason why you are a qualified expert
           | that should be weighing into the discussion on a given topic.
           | 
           | I don't know the details about this Daszak guy, I only know
           | what you wrote and the comments above yours. Perhaps this
           | does not apply in this situation; that's not for me to say.
           | But I can see why they might not have dug their own grave
           | while trying to communicate a message with honest intentions.
           | It is _extremely_ easy to have subtly wrong wording or just
           | bad luck and get people to ignore everything you said before
           | or after  "my lab worked on coronaviruses".
        
             | flavius29663 wrote:
             | Umm, wouldn't "I worked on coronaviruses, hence I know a
             | lot about them" make his argument stronger?
             | 
             | Anyway, this was in Lancet, a scientific publisher, not a
             | mass medium, disclosures of interest are mandatory. I know
             | that in today's age it looks like science papers are just
             | mass media because they're so easy to consume and
             | distribute, but they are not. They're supposed to be
             | rigurous, otherwise people would lose trust in them. Which
             | is exactly what happened in this pandemic: it's a worldwide
             | lack of trust in science, scientists, leaders, governments.
        
               | lucb1e wrote:
               | It ought to make the argument stronger, yes, but not
               | everyone reads the full text. Especially if it will get
               | third-party media coverage, you're dependent on what part
               | the media will report or in which proportions because
               | they always make a selection. With honest intentions the
               | vast majority of the time I'm sure, but still a selection
               | of what they think is the message their readers should be
               | getting.
        
       | tikiman163 wrote:
       | Guys, two points here. One, this proposal was rejected. This did
       | not happen! Two, their proposal was for genetic manipulation of
       | an existing virus, which research on the existing corona virus
       | shows was not the case.
       | 
       | This has nothing to do with the corona virus strains we are
       | currently dealing with, and more importantly, there has never
       | been any credible research proving that Covid was made in a lab.
       | The only paper that got any traction suggested it was non-
       | manipulation based gain of function research, but that was
       | disproved only a few weeks after the paper's release as well. I
       | know we all want to know where it came from, but the odds against
       | us ever having actual evidence of it being from a lab are
       | virtually zero. And no, rejected research proposals do not
       | constitute proof of anything.
        
         | rodrigods wrote:
         | You're saying that a research proposal that combines corona
         | viruses and the very specific advantage from the virus that
         | makes it so effective in spreading in humans is not a strong
         | evidence?
        
         | colordrops wrote:
         | I read the entire thread for this submission last night, which
         | has an amazing amount of deep discussion, to wake up to a
         | comment from a user without much post history saying nothing
         | more than "guys, nothing to see here" pushed to the top. And
         | the account name matches that of many other farmed accounts on
         | Twitter and Reddit, that being two words and some random
         | numbers. I can't help but be very suspicious.
         | 
         | I know this is may be against the hacker news ethos, but ive
         | been on here for 10 years and don't make comments like this
         | lightly.
        
         | rustybelt wrote:
         | You're conflating came from a lab and created in a lab. It is
         | very possible that the virus was leaked from a lab without
         | being created there. Maybe not your intention, but your post
         | comes across this way.
        
         | Aeolun wrote:
         | As was stated elsewhere in this thread, researchers are often
         | halfway done with something before they even write a proposal.
         | 
         | > Two, their proposal was for genetic manipulation of an
         | existing virus, which research on the existing corona virus
         | shows was not the case.
         | 
         | I think that's invalidated if your first point is valid right?
         | Since the proposal wasn't accepted.
         | 
         | Doesn't mean they didn't go on to do it anyway (possibly in
         | slightly different form), someone was clearly thinking about
         | it.
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | > I think that's invalidated if your first point is valid
           | right?
           | 
           | No. There's evidence that COVID-19 was not created by direct
           | genetic manipulation.
           | 
           | If they did it, it's not COVID-19.
        
             | Aeolun wrote:
             | > There's evidence that COVID-19 was not created by direct
             | genetic manipulation.
             | 
             | There's also evidence it cannot possibly (or well, with
             | such a low chance it may as well be) have occured
             | naturally.
             | 
             | What am I supposed to believe here? Even the people on my
             | side of the fence, even the people that research this stuff
             | themselves all seem to have an agenda and when research
             | turns up one thing, I can practically guarantee that other
             | research turns up the opposite.
             | 
             | There's too much damn smoke in this whole thing for there
             | to be no fire.
        
               | lazyeye wrote:
               | Yes the football players were on the field, they talked
               | about kicking the ball, they requested to kick the ball
               | but suggesting they might have kicked the ball is a
               | conspiracy theory.
        
               | rndgermandude wrote:
               | >There's also evidence it cannot possibly (or well, with
               | such a low chance it may as well be) have occured
               | naturally.
               | 
               | Now, I remember reading about it most likely not being a
               | result of direct genetic manipulation, and it sounded
               | sound to me.
               | 
               | Do you have any sources for your assertion that there is
               | evidence it cannot have occurred naturally?
               | 
               | As far as I read such viruses have a natural tendency to
               | sometimes jump species, as was likely the case with SARS-
               | CoV and MERS.
        
               | angelzen wrote:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28649120
               | 
               | People have asserted in this thread that it would take
               | 30-40 years for the closest known natural covid relative
               | to aquire the necessary 1000 mutations and turn into
               | covid. And yet here we are, almost 2 years since the
               | pandemic started, with no identified natural reservoir
               | for covid.
               | 
               | Where is the covid source?
               | 
               | -----
               | 
               | Consider
               | https://www.cell.com/cell/pdf/S0092-8674(21)00991-0.pdf,
               | a pro natural origins review of the literature. They tie
               | themselves into knots to explain that the infamous furin
               | cleavage site, while absent in the closest covid
               | relative, could have naturally occurred, even if they
               | admit they have zero actual evidence for that.
               | 
               | > Although the furin cleavage site is absent from the
               | closest known relatives of SARS-CoV-2 (Andersen et al.,
               | 2020), this is unsurprising because the lineage leading
               | to this virus is poorly sampled and the closest bat
               | viruses have divergent spike proteins due to
               | recombination (Boni et al., 2020; Lytras et al., 2021;
               | Zhou et al., 2021). Furin cleavage sites are commonplace
               | in other coronavirus spike proteins, including some
               | feline alphacoronaviruses, MERS-CoV, most but not all
               | strains of mouse hepatitis virus, as well as in endemic
               | human betacoronaviruses such as HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1
               | (Gombold et al., 1993; de Haan et al., 2008; Kirchdoerfer
               | et al., 2016). A near identical nucleotide sequence is
               | found in the spike gene of the bat coronavirus HKU9-1
               | (Gallaher, 2020), and both SARS-CoV-2 and HKU9-1 contain
               | short palindromic sequences immediately upstream of this
               | sequence that are indicative of natural recombination
               | break-points via template switching (Gallaher, 2020).
               | Hence, simple evolutionary mechanisms can readily explain
               | the evolution of an out-of-frame insertion of a furin
               | cleavage site in SARS-CoV-2 (Figure 2).
               | 
               | On the flip side, Nicholas Wade claims that Peter Daszak
               | grant application proposes exactly that:
               | 
               | > The..grant proposal..now puts beyond doubt that
               | engineering cleavage sites into SARS-like viruses was a
               | technique to be explored at..Wuhan
               | 
               | https://nicholaswade.medium.com/new-routes-to-making-
               | covid-1... (medium paywall, sorry) via https://twitter.co
               | m/R_H_Ebright/status/1441190122360225797.
        
               | devwastaken wrote:
               | Not how probability works. What's the probability the
               | entire universes atoms are arranged the way they are? The
               | number is so finitely minute it's "impossible", because
               | you're trying to make predictions on specific order out
               | of chaos. The probability of any viruses currently
               | existing would be equally infinitely tiny.
               | 
               | Research is not equivalent. Just because two people make
               | an argument does not make them equally valid. Unless you
               | are a medical researcher you're not meant to somehow know
               | how medical research papers work and what their results
               | are on your own. It's not black and white. It's the same
               | as trying to take electrical engineering papers and base
               | opinions on it without any knowledge of the math or how
               | it works.
        
               | beerandt wrote:
               | It's not the probability of any specific configuration,
               | but the probability of a specific configuration over any
               | other particular configuration.
               | 
               | All configurations could have an infinitesimal chance of
               | occurring, but one configuration could still have a
               | billion to one chance of occurring over another
               | particular configuration.
               | 
               | Which is especially relevant if we have a relatively
               | recent basepoint of comparison.
               | 
               | An infinite number of monkeys with typewriters might
               | eventually reproduce Shakespeare, but 10000 monkeys doing
               | it on their first try points to causation beyond
               | "chance".
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | > What am I supposed to believe here?
               | 
               | Well, there are plenty of options that are not direct
               | genetic manipulation and random evolution from a known
               | virus.
        
               | rualca wrote:
               | > There's also evidence it cannot possibly (...) have
               | occured naturally.
               | 
               | I feel this claim is simply not believable nor possible
               | to take at face value, given that in order for a proof of
               | impossibility to even be considered you need supporting
               | evidence and a falsifiable model, which you have none.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_of_impossibility
               | 
               | Given this, do you have any reference that supports your
               | assertion? I'd like to hear your rationale to claim that
               | something like this is outright impossible.
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | You cut off the critical part of the parent's comment:
               | "(or well, with such a low chance it may as well be)".
               | 
               | If you're objecting to the idea that well-accepted
               | scientific theories can't put a "very low probability" on
               | certain things being observed ... what? That's exactly
               | what a scientific theory -- or indeed, any well-posed
               | belief -- should do!
        
               | rualca wrote:
               | > You cut off the critical part of the parent's comment:
               | "(or well, with such a low chance it may as well be)".
               | 
               | No, I left out the weasel words from the original claim.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weasel_word
               | 
               | Either GP's claim is factual and indeed he is aware of
               | proof of impossibility, or he is not and he's just
               | knowingly spreading disinformation.
               | 
               | > If you're objecting to the idea that well-accepted
               | scientific theories (...)
               | 
               | I object to the idea of random people on the internet
               | knowingly spreading disinformation with baseless claims
               | that fly on the face of critical thinking, and then
               | resorting to vague appeals to authority, inversions of
               | the burden of truth, and outright bullying to force-fed
               | their disinformation.
               | 
               | If there is any proof whatsoever supporting the claim
               | that such thing is impossible then just support your
               | claim and present the evidence or source. Don't expect
               | everyone to just take your word for it, specially after
               | you tried desperately to invert the burden of proof.
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | >No, I left out the weasel words from the original claim.
               | 
               | It's not a "weasel word", "Scientific theories placing a
               | low enough probability to match lay usage of
               | 'impossible', and clarifying that you mean as much" isn't
               | a weasel word; it's being precise, and scientific
               | theories _do_ classify things that way.
               | 
               | >Either GP's claim is factual and indeed he is aware of
               | proof of impossibility, or he is not and he's just
               | knowingly spreading disinformation.
               | 
               | There's a third possibility: OP is aware that some
               | scientists think the mainstream scientific theory places
               | a low probability on the claim in question, but does not
               | rise to the level of an impossibility theorem.
               | 
               | >I object to the idea of random people on the internet
               | knowingly spreading disinformation with baseless claims
               | that fly on the face of critical thinking, and then
               | resorting to vague appeals to authority, inversions of
               | the burden of truth, and outright bullying to force-fed
               | their disinformation.
               | 
               | I don't see how the parent did any of that, just how
               | another commenter is overreacting to ideas they don't
               | like.
               | 
               | Are you seriously telling me that if I look through your
               | posting history, I won't find a single case of you
               | suggesting something without posting links to rigorous
               | proof?
               | 
               | If you're going to scream bloody murder at the idea that
               | any unsupported idea would ever be uttered here, you
               | could maybe _glance_ at the sibling comments in the
               | thread, like mine:
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28653730
        
               | rualca wrote:
               | > It's not a "weasel word", "Scientific theories placing
               | a low enough probability (...)
               | 
               | If that was the case then go ahead and just show the
               | theory.
               | 
               | Just provide a single evidence that supports said claim.
               | Any at all.
               | 
               | Don't just handwave after claiming something is
               | impossible, otherwise you're just intentionally spreading
               | lies and misinformation.
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | Yes, I remember this being a big point of contention with
               | scientists going both ways. I saved this link [1] with
               | the quote:
               | 
               | >"I should mention that after discussions earlier today,
               | Eddie, Bob, Mike, and myself all find the genome
               | inconsistent with expectations from evolutionary theory,"
               | Andersen added.
               | 
               | Although that was from Jan 2020 and I'm sure more
               | evidence has come in since then to shed more light.
               | 
               | https://twitter.com/WendellHusebo/status/1400098956747718
               | 660
        
         | resonious wrote:
         | This novel virus started spreading pretty close to a lab that
         | studies viruses. I think that counts as "actual evidence" that
         | it came out of a lab. Of course, evidence != proof. And even if
         | it did come from the lab, that in itself does not imply malice.
        
           | beowulfey wrote:
           | That is not evidence! It is at best a coincidence. An even
           | stronger coincidence would be that this lab had a
           | genotypically similar virus stored prior to its detection.
           | But even that is not evidence of release; it is just a
           | stronger hypothesis.
           | 
           | If I was near a bank robbery at the time of occurrence, it
           | does not count as evidence that I did it. Not even if I have
           | a history of robbing banks. It must be combined with other,
           | stronger evidence (I was inside the bank, my fingerprints
           | were there, I was caught on camera) to build a case.
        
             | OJFord wrote:
             | I've seen enough police/crime/legal dramas to know that's
             | 'circumstantial evidence'..! Of course that doesn't
             | preclude it being a coincidence. (Hence the phrases 'that's
             | just circumstantial' and 'that's one hell of a
             | coincidence').
             | 
             | (I'm only commenting on the words, I don't think I care
             | where it came from at this point, not sure I could ever
             | really believe it, whatever was concluded. Unless perhaps a
             | bunch of countries/labs agreed, including the blamed one if
             | applicable.)
        
             | AzzieElbab wrote:
             | But it is the only evidence, coincidental or otherwise. No
             | other evidences have been found.
        
               | avianlyric wrote:
               | Lack of evidence usually means something didn't happen.
               | 
               | We don't imprison people for crimes on the basis we
               | couldn't find any strong evidence, thus what ever shitty
               | "evidence" we did find must be an acceptable basis for
               | punishment.
        
             | indrax wrote:
             | Friendly suggestion to all that Bayes Theorem is the right
             | way to deal with this kind of weak evidence. We should not
             | adhere to arbitrary legal standards in our own thinking
             | about the truth.
        
           | cmeacham98 wrote:
           | "Came from a lab" in this context means "engineered in a
           | lab".
           | 
           | There is only circumstancial evidence for it, but it is
           | reasonable to suspect COVID-19 is the result of a researcher
           | getting infected, not noticing, and introducing the virus to
           | the human population. There is no evidence for, and it is
           | very unreasonable to believe it was created in a lab.
        
           | sgt101 wrote:
           | The novichok poisoning in Salisbury happened next to the UK's
           | chemical weapon capabilities in Porton Down. This is evidence
           | that it got out from Porton Down.
           | 
           | The Russian agents videoed wandering about with bottles of
           | poison are evidence of another mechanism of introduction.
           | Perhaps the presence of a market full of various wild animals
           | known to carry coronavirus's is also worth considering.
        
           | rustymonday wrote:
           | Exactly. It likely wasn't made in a lab, but it likely did
           | escape from the lab accidentally.
        
             | avianlyric wrote:
             | How does that follow? Where did the virus come from?
             | Viruses don't spontaneously come into existence in labs.
             | 
             | If it wasn't made in the lab, then it was already naturally
             | occurring. Which means it didn't need to escape anything,
             | on account of it existing in the wild before it ever got
             | near a lab.
        
               | robflynn wrote:
               | If something were naturally occurring in a remote
               | location where not many humans were around to cause mass
               | spread, and the virus was being studied (but not
               | engineered or modified) and the virus escaped, that could
               | be an example of a naturally occurring, non-manmade,
               | virus which escaped a lab.
        
               | platz wrote:
               | did you not read anything about the article, it talk
               | about novel modification in a lab that is unlikely to
               | occur in nature, not creation out of whole cloth
        
             | sgt101 wrote:
             | possible that it did escape...
        
           | avianlyric wrote:
           | Let me correct that for you. Novel virus start spreading near
           | a lab setup specifically to study those viruses, in an area
           | where they're known to be naturally occurring, and where it
           | was suspected they could make the jump to humans.
           | 
           | The lab in Wuhan was studying Coronaviruses because of the
           | threat they potentially posed to humans, and because the
           | nearby bat populations were know to carry them.
           | 
           | Saying that the existence of a lab studying novel viruses in
           | their natural habitat is evidence that I can from a lab, is
           | like saying the existence of fire stations in a cities is
           | evidence that fire fighters start fires.
        
             | nekt wrote:
             | Why does this keep getting pushed as if its true? This is
             | not true.
             | 
             | This is covid misinformation and the WHO should come and
             | arrest you.
             | 
             | The bats that supposedly harbored this virus are from more
             | than 1000 miles away from Wuhan.
        
         | spfzero wrote:
         | > "This did not happen!" It did not happen, with DARPA money,
         | upon this particular proposal. There are many other ways for
         | that research, or similar, to have happened. This tells us
         | there were researchers actively seeking to.
        
         | dash2 wrote:
         | The fact that the grant proposal was rejected does not mean the
         | research didn't happen. They could have got alternative
         | funding. This happens a lot.
        
           | sgt101 wrote:
           | They would have had to be very quick though. Submission was
           | end of march 2018, there would have been a review process and
           | I think it's unrealistic to put that at under six weeks. So
           | that takes us to mid may 2018. Then they would have to have
           | got some money and ask someone else - again that's going to
           | take three months or so unless they had the money in their
           | account. Then the project would have to be stood up - lab
           | space sorted and so on so that takes us to 2019 even on an
           | express train. I think that the Darpa projects in this call
           | were aimed at start in 2019 btw.
           | 
           | So then the work would have to have happened and the virus
           | escape happened in 10 months. In the proposal they are
           | looking at q5 of the project for the genetic engineering to
           | happen.
           | 
           | I don't think that the time lines work - also the genetic
           | engineering was slated to happen in North Carolina...
        
             | madamelic wrote:
             | > also the genetic engineering was slated to happen in
             | North Carolina...
             | 
             | This is honestly the most damning part of evidence.
             | 
             | China has shown over and over their current strategy is to
             | snap up resources, countries and partnerships that the
             | West, and specifically the United States, refuse or ignore.
             | 
             | China would have strong motivation to have SARS related
             | research considering SARS originates in their country.
             | 
             | So we have a country with strong motivation, lots of money
             | and a repeated willingness to ignore ethical & safety
             | concerns... I don't see how it isn't a big question mark.
             | Especially considering how quickly and forcefully China
             | shut down the conversation and refuse to allow in
             | investigators.
        
               | rualca wrote:
               | > This is honestly the most damning part of evidence.
               | 
               | What evidence? There was a grant proposal, and the
               | proposal was rejected. Why do you feel that the fact that
               | the rejected proposal referred to North Carolina is
               | supposed to be "damning" at all, or even remotely
               | relevant?
               | 
               | > China would have strong motivation to have SARS related
               | research considering SARS originates in their country.
               | 
               | It has. They fund their own lab at Wuhan. Why is this
               | damning in light of a failed grant proposal that never
               | went off the ground?
        
               | salawat wrote:
               | You don't get it. just because tge grant was denied, does
               | not mean the work was not _done_. The fact it was even
               | written at all is evidence someone thought it 'd work.
               | 
               | You're willfully blinding yourself to how the world
               | actually works.
        
               | rualca wrote:
               | > You don't get it. just because tge grant was denied,
               | does not mean the work was not done. The fact it was even
               | written at all is evidence someone thought it'd work.
               | 
               | You should really pay attention to what you're claiming,
               | specially as there is absolutely zero substance or
               | evidence supporting your claim. Your accusation boils
               | down to the same exact witch hunt logic that led angry
               | mobs to burn innocent people at the stake: claim you
               | believe someone happened without zero evidence at all,
               | proceed to allege someone of having the means to do it,
               | from a massive logical leap start to accuse someone who
               | you alleged is capable of something of actually doing it
               | in spite, again, of having zero evidence at all, and
               | proceed to throw that victim to the fire.
               | 
               | I suppose our witch hunting days are behind us, but
               | you're dragging them back to the present by repeating the
               | same logical mistakes and in the process throw innocents
               | into the fire.
               | 
               | Do the world a favor and cut out all the baseless
               | accusations and unsubstantiated claims. It's one thing to
               | argue that some bits should be investigated, but it's an
               | entirely different thing to screw up logical and rational
               | thinking so badly to the point that you make the same
               | completely baseless and unsubstantiated claims you're
               | making.
        
       | missinfo wrote:
       | Check out this prescient article from 2017, when the ban was
       | lifted:
       | 
       | Critics say these researchers risk creating a monster germ that
       | could escape the lab and seed a pandemic...
       | 
       | Marc Lipsitch, an epidemiologist who directs the Center for
       | Communicable Disease Dynamics at the Harvard School of Public
       | Health, called review panels "a small step forward."
       | 
       | Recent disease-enhancing experiments, he said, "have given us
       | some modest scientific knowledge and done almost nothing to
       | improve our preparedness for pandemics, and yet risked creating
       | an accidental pandemic."
       | 
       | Therefore, he said, he hoped the panels would turn down such
       | work.
       | 
       | https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/19/health/lethal-viruses-nih...
        
         | tootie wrote:
         | Prescient how? This article is about a rejected proposal. Not
         | only did the research not happen, we have no reason to believe
         | this type of research caused the pandemic.
        
           | echelon wrote:
           | There's more evidence for this type or research happening
           | where the pandemic arose than there is for natural origin.
        
             | tootie wrote:
             | There's some evidence this kind of research happens.
             | There's not really evidence it was happening in Wuhan nor
             | evidence that the virus we have is the result of
             | experimentation. Historically lab leaks are vanishingly
             | rare and acquisition from animals is extremely common. For
             | lab leak to be even a plausible story the evidence would
             | have to be very strong and it is nowhere near convincing
             | right now.
        
               | TheTester wrote:
               | Lab leaks are not rare the actual thing is that lab leaks
               | that turn into pandemics are an anomaly but only because
               | pandemics are an anomaly statistically speaking
        
               | willupowers wrote:
               | Looks like a pretty probable lead to me to continue
               | investigating, especially since this leak evidence
               | directly conflicts with many previous statements from
               | Daszak and associates.
        
               | tootie wrote:
               | Continue investigating what though? The research this
               | team has done is all public knowledge. A rejected
               | proposal doesn't shed much light. Lab leak remains
               | remotely possible, but not supported by any direct
               | evidence. Meanwhile, evidence for animal source is
               | getting stronger:
               | https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02519-1
        
               | willupowers wrote:
               | The USA might need to come out and say "we were working
               | on a vaccine with Wuhan." EHA and WIV might need to say
               | "we had an oopsies." I doubt China will admit anything
               | though. So this is the circus we must deal with until
               | people wake up and demand for answers.
        
               | echelon wrote:
               | Exactly. The evidence for this scenario is incredibly
               | compelling and it deserves more investigation.
               | 
               | I haven't seen any refutations of these claims apart from
               | "those involved say no". There's a nonzero chance that
               | these people are lying to cover things up or protect
               | their reputations. Millions of deaths being attributed to
               | a lab accident would be pretty damning.
               | 
               | Why do people on HN want this to not be the case? (As
               | evidenced by all the downvotes?) The truth could be
               | anything, and we should be looking for it. This is one
               | possibility that carries a lot of weight and demands our
               | attention.
               | 
               | There's nothing wrong in stating that the evidence is
               | substantial and that we should investigate more. Why put
               | your head in the sand?
               | 
               | This isn't anti-science.
        
           | rhacker wrote:
           | A rejected proposal does not mean research does not happen.
           | It means they were unable to get funding from DARPA. It does
           | not necessarily mean they were unable to get funding from
           | "somebody".
           | 
           | And yes we do have reason to believe this type of research
           | caused the pandemic.
        
             | lolwut8374 wrote:
             | So, who did they get funding from, if not one of the only
             | bodies in the world capable of funding this kind of work?
             | 
             | Oh, that's right, they didn't. You can tell that by looking
             | at what they did work on next. Did you look?
             | 
             | Like it says in the article.
        
               | willupowers wrote:
               | We already know the NIH partially funded field survey
               | work that appears to be very similar to this. It's pretty
               | obvious to see that they continued applying elsewhere and
               | may have been successful in getting the funding the
               | requested. It just might be from several grants.
        
               | lolwut8374 wrote:
               | Right, did you look at the publication records of the
               | academics involved?
               | 
               | When you beg for grants you have to publish to show
               | you're good for the next one.
               | 
               | This isn't a mystery.
               | 
               | It's literally right there, published for your subscriber
               | access.
        
               | jmvoodoo wrote:
               | If you were doing research that led to a global pandemic
               | that killed millions of people, would you then publish
               | your results? I have a feeling that might not have the
               | effect of showing you're "good for the next one."
               | 
               | Obviously the lack of evidence isn't proof that this
               | happened, but I also don't think it's safe to say that
               | it's proof it didn't.
        
             | avs733 wrote:
             | As an academic, ain't no way research from an unfunded
             | grant proposal is happening...
             | 
             | The problem with your second statement is that we all of
             | these posts and articles are attempts to throw evidence to
             | support something you have already decided is true. More
             | bad/non evidence does not make an argument and continually
             | citing bad evidence that doesn't prove your point reduces
             | the credibility of the argument you are making.
        
               | dgfitz wrote:
               | As a non-academic: huh?
               | 
               | The claim wasn't that the research was unfunded, just
               | unfunded by DARPA.
               | 
               | To your second point, bad/non-evidence of essentially
               | __everything__ is why the internet is the way it is
               | today. You're saying "fake news is fake" which isn't
               | really saying anything at all.
        
               | derbOac wrote:
               | Ok, as another academic: this happens _all_ the time.
               | People use funds from one grant to subsidize other
               | research. I 've heard a colleague refer to it "as using
               | one project to pay the bills of another project."
               | 
               | It's all also a moot point in that just because the grant
               | wasn't funded from DARPA doesn't mean it wasn't funded.
               | And if it was funded, it doesn't mean we would know who
               | funded it.
               | 
               | Not trying to be conspiratorial, just trying to point out
               | the funding on this grant or lack thereof doesn't mean
               | anything about it happening or not happening. It just
               | means the researchers were interested in it happening.
        
         | spywaregorilla wrote:
         | Is it supposed to ironic posting stuff like this under a new
         | account with this name?
        
         | mkhpalm wrote:
         | NIH had been funding grants for spillover risk with Eco Health
         | Alliance / Daszak since 2014.
         | 
         | https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9819304
        
         | teh_klev wrote:
         | I don't want to diminish the work of "epidemiologist"'s but
         | they aren't virologists. They're ultimately specialised
         | statisticians and shouldn't have any say in how or what
         | research is carried out.
        
           | rapind wrote:
           | What? I'm no virologist or epidemiologist and yet I
           | definitely want to have a say. And when physicists start
           | creating black holes, and AI researchers start creating
           | thinking killer robots, and generals go to war, etc.
           | 
           | I value expert opinions but oversight is necessary.
        
             | teh_klev wrote:
             | > What? I'm no virologist or epidemiologist and yet I
             | definitely want to have a say
             | 
             | Well there you go.
        
           | djenendik wrote:
           | Only a virologist should tell another virologist what to do.
           | Got it.
        
             | teh_klev wrote:
             | Nope, a _panel_ of virologists and related researchers with
             | the same scientific understanding in the field should make
             | these decisions.
        
               | djenendik wrote:
               | It's ok to have wishful thinking. Plenty of grants
               | include virologists and epidemiologists, so your proposal
               | isn't practical.
        
               | teh_klev wrote:
               | Sure, they could provide anecdotal input based on past
               | outbreaks, but they don't have the biological expertise
               | to decide solely on what research should or could be
               | carried out.
        
               | djenendik wrote:
               | Anecdotally, that's not my experience with epi people. A
               | fair few come from a bio/medicine background with a
               | sufficient amount of experience in wet lab and theory to
               | be considered a 'double threat'. Choose your own team.
        
               | teh_klev wrote:
               | "Anecdotally"
        
               | djenendik wrote:
               | That was a reference to your previous comment. Does
               | anecdotal count for nothing? Fine, run a survey of
               | virologists and epidemiologists and report the
               | intersection of set. It will not be arbitrarily small.
        
               | djenendik wrote:
               | I looked through the grant. To my eye, I consider some of
               | the participants as epidemiologists.
        
               | tommymachine wrote:
               | Imagine if the same rule were applied to international
               | bankers, military generals, or plumbers. Why should a
               | virologist be able to have a say as to which part of his
               | plumbing system I work on? Leave that up to a panel of
               | like-minded plumbers to decide for him.
        
           | leereeves wrote:
           | Epidemiologists study the spread of diseases and their impact
           | on communities. That's an important factor to consider when
           | judging the potential impact of risky research, and it's not
           | something virologists are trained in.
        
             | teh_klev wrote:
             | Sorry, but epidemiologists have no ability to make these
             | predictions. Epidemiologists generally work in the field of
             | "who, when, and where" based on historical data evidence.
        
               | leereeves wrote:
               | Mathematical disease modelling is also part of
               | epidemiology. You may have seen their work discussed in
               | the press early in the COVID epidemic when they predicted
               | the possible death count and the likely impact of various
               | interventions.
        
               | teh_klev wrote:
               | Well what were their predictions vs actual outcome?
        
               | diatone wrote:
               | Speaking from experience, last year we had an outbreak in
               | Melbourne, Australia. The local government's response was
               | guided by modelling from epidemiologists (and others),
               | and went on to match the peak and length of the outbreak
               | to the model's estimations almost down to the day[0].
               | 
               | [0]: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-10-29/coronavirus-
               | melbourne...
        
               | runsWphotons wrote:
               | They seem to be doing fairly well now, as well.
        
       | jcoq wrote:
       | Cc
       | 
       | It would,
        
       | giardini wrote:
       | My first question is "What is China's next move?"
       | 
       | But there are so many other questions:
       | 
       | - intentional release? If so why?
       | 
       | - any other viruses/bacteria under study(almost undoubtedly,
       | "Yes")?
       | 
       | - if so, where and what is planned?
       | 
       | China makes plans(written plans) for _everything_. Even if the
       | release was an accident, there were reasons for doing the
       | studies. What were /are they?
       | 
       | -What other viruses and/or bacteria are undergoing similar study
       | in China? Are there any bacteriological production facilities in
       | place now (as are present yet in Russia IIRC)?
       | 
       | - Can we count on Russia's past actions, facilities and quite
       | clear warnings to provide a sufficient counterweight to China's
       | fiddling in the lab? Or should we return to full scale biological
       | warfare research ourselves? We can undoubtedly outpace both given
       | time but at this point I see a need for some reasonable planning
       | or we're likely to worsen the situation.
       | 
       | We still haven't considered non-governmental entities that may
       | have an interest in biological warfare, ranging from the MIT grad
       | student with a gene lab in his basement to the environmental
       | organization that believes reducing the world's human population
       | is a necessity.
        
       | willupowers wrote:
       | I don't endorse this guy since he's a little too political for my
       | taste but it's the best ELI5 of the situation I can find for
       | everyone.
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/JfoZHX-BJzQ https://youtu.be/JfoZHX-BJzQ
        
       | jwhite_nc wrote:
       | Simultaneous Invention is possible.
        
       | AcerbicZero wrote:
       | I don't know if Covid19 came from a lab but I'm becoming fairly
       | confident the next Covid will.
        
       | StrangeClone wrote:
       | Chinese propaganda it seems
        
       | qaq wrote:
       | I have no clue what actually happened but this sequence looks
       | weird to me:
       | 
       | * Event occurs
       | 
       | * Access to investigate is limited
       | 
       | * A deep independent investigation is blocked
       | 
       | *Internet is flooded with msging that unless there are hard facts
       | uncovered by independent investigation some of the origin
       | theories are def conspiracy theories
        
         | mannanj wrote:
         | Unless there are hard facts and proven evidence claiming you
         | are not a quack and a conspiracy theorist, you sir, are a
         | conspiracy theorist. /sarcasm (I am mocking the contradictory
         | perspective people take on anyone even thinking differently
         | about things)
        
         | TechBro8615 wrote:
         | What's the difference between a conspiracy theory and the
         | truth?
         | 
         | About 18 months.
        
       | mitjam wrote:
       | Honest question: Could Daczak be held liable for damages if lab
       | origin was verifyable or is that even then not possible?
        
       | hellbannedguy wrote:
       | I would like to see an international body of scientists from all
       | countries regulating, and monitoring, all biologicals research
       | around the world.
       | 
       | Think of it being an requirement to join the United Nations.
       | 
       | Those countries that arn't in the UN, or don't want moderation;
       | well let's say let the CIA do their dirty work, or outright
       | tariff/humanitarian wars.
       | 
       | (I don't have a clue to the origin of this mutating virus, but
       | letting any lab anywhere experiment on biologicals does not seem
       | prudent.)
        
       | lamontcg wrote:
       | 1. There is no viral backbone anyone knows of which would have
       | been used in this research
       | 
       | 2. There is no spike protein anyone knows of which would have
       | been used in this research
       | 
       | 3. The PRRAR furin cleavage site is not one humans would have
       | tried it is unlike any other known furin cleavage sites in
       | coronaviruses
       | 
       | 4. There are now many known related sarbecoviruses which have
       | been found with furin cleavage sites
       | 
       | 5. Furin cleavage sites have independently evolved in multiple
       | different branches of coronaviruses, probably a dozen times that
       | we know of now.
       | 
       | 6. The furin cleavage site is short and can easily happen through
       | recombination with another virus due to coinfection.
       | 
       | 7. This is very likely what happened due to infection with the
       | SARS-CoV-2 ancestor and an HKU9-like virus.
       | 
       | It is not particularly suspicious that the thing which we were
       | worried about happening and causing a zoonotic spillover event is
       | the thing which actually happened.
        
         | ramraj07 wrote:
         | All valid points, but let's be real scientists and work the
         | other way? Can you conclusively rule out that this virus wasn't
         | engineered (and then maliciously covered up) in a lab? The
         | reason this approach is important is because the stakes here
         | are higher. This means people who should have been careful
         | weren't, and are responsible for the death of millions and
         | they're happy continuing to cover up their part in it.
         | 
         | The more important part here is an investigation on the origins
         | of the virus is more about beurecracy than the actual science
         | so unless you can conclusively prove that this virus could have
         | never been engineered by a human you should stop bringing
         | "improbability" of all of these processes as why we should
         | trust these scientists.
        
           | shadowgovt wrote:
           | Natural occurrence is how almost every known virus exists.
           | 
           | Given that prior, "can you disprove the lab" is the Russell's
           | Teapot hypothesis. No, I can't. I also can't disprove it rode
           | in on a meteorite or was beamed in by aliens. And I'm not
           | about to start.
        
             | btmorex wrote:
             | We haven't had the technology to create novel viruses for
             | very long so you statement is meaningless.
        
               | stablechaos wrote:
               | And the novel technology to create novel viruses was
               | being actively developed in this lab. They've proudly and
               | openly published results to this effect. Further, they
               | were trying to get tens of millions in grant funding to
               | develop the technology further.
        
           | passivate wrote:
           | That is the wrong way to go about it. You have to approach it
           | as you would in legal theory. Innocence is not something that
           | is proven. The verdict is guilty or not guilty (which means
           | evidence wasn't sufficient to convict, but that doesn't mean
           | the defendant is innocent). In this case you have to prove
           | that the virus was engineered by providing evidence.
           | 
           | >All valid points, but let's be real scientists and work the
           | other way?
           | 
           | What you're proposing isn't science and it isn't what 'real
           | scientists' do.
        
             | blix wrote:
             | Depends on which real scientists you are talking about.
             | 
             | I've worked with many "real scientists" who will consider
             | possiblity unless they see conclusive evidence against it.
             | On the frontiers, there is very little conclusive evidence;
             | this is why they are the frontiers.
             | 
             | I have also met "real scientists" who actively dismiss
             | conclusive evidence if it doesn't line up with what they
             | think will get funded.
             | 
             | It doesn't seem the first flavor is the one you are talking
             | about.
        
               | passivate wrote:
               | >I've worked with many "real scientists" who will
               | consider possiblity unless they see conclusive evidence
               | against it. On the frontiers, there is very little
               | conclusive evidence; this is why they are the frontiers.
               | 
               | Oh sure, I consider the possibility that there might be
               | aliens out there. However, we both know that this is very
               | different than considering the possibility that Obama was
               | a reptilian. In any case, scientific frontiers are areas
               | of active research. So yeah, lets go spelunking!
               | 
               | >I have also met "real scientists" who actively dismiss
               | conclusive evidence if it doesn't line up with what they
               | think will get funded.
               | 
               | That is an all too common human flaw :)
        
               | blix wrote:
               | I'd argue there is more evidence for the lab leak theory
               | than either aliens or reptilians; it's a tremendously low
               | bar. There is not even flimsy circumstantial evidence for
               | aliens, yet many people believe.
               | 
               | Yes knowingly abandoning the princinples of science in
               | order to acquire money is quite the flaw. For whatever
               | reason it is basically non-existent among grad students,
               | but not uncommon among successful professors. It's almost
               | like our institutions select for and reward this
               | behavior.
        
             | gfodor wrote:
             | How about we at least agree that we can all _imagine_ this
             | having been a lab leak, and therefore should take the
             | requisite changes to protocols, funding, and so on that we
             | would do if it were proven as such.
        
             | proc0 wrote:
             | There's more than science here. This is also game theory,
             | if a lab leak is still plausible. Why was this being
             | researched? Who knew about it and why was it covered up,
             | and to what extent was it covered up?
             | 
             | Personally I think it's naive that people are omitting
             | human and government intentions from all this, as if they
             | are not actors in complex political world. These huge world
             | changing events don't happen in a vacuum, and government
             | actors are usually aware of all these ongoing research
             | efforts for agendas and specific goals, which of course
             | includes misleading the public.
        
               | lovemenot wrote:
               | Game theory could plausibly explain why PRC keeps
               | resurfacing their unsubstantiated _US military origins
               | theory_.
               | 
               | Assuming an actual lab leak at WIV, from a US project
               | similar to the one rejected by DARPA. And PRC is aware of
               | all these facts.
               | 
               | Under these assumptions, this story/rumour could be seen
               | as a threat, which re-emerges whenever PRC feels under
               | pressure: "We won't go down alone for this"
        
               | proc0 wrote:
               | Agreed, and it was unsubstantiated till now (and also
               | with the funding of it, etc).
               | 
               | My point was mostly that we won't really be able to
               | figure out the microbiology details of it in order to
               | make reasonable conclusions. I think it would be like
               | trying to figure out the physics of the nuclear bomb
               | during the Manhattan project, and concluding no such bomb
               | can be built because no physicist has figured out nuclear
               | reactions yet.
        
             | lovemenot wrote:
             | Your parent said like scientists. Not like jurists.
             | 
             | And as far as I understand it, they are correct. Science
             | doesn't _convict_ an effect, it provides a lower bound on
             | the likelihood of the effect 's existence.
        
           | text70 wrote:
           | You can disprove it by showing there are restriction enzyme,
           | or Gibson, or Cre recombinase genetic element sites present
           | in the genome, left over as artifacts from engineering. Find
           | the sequenced genome and BLAST it for these sequences, easy
           | peasy.
        
         | darawk wrote:
         | > 1. There is no viral backbone anyone knows of which would
         | have been used in this research > 2. There is no spike protein
         | anyone knows of which would have been used in this research
         | 
         | > 3. The PRRAR furin cleavage site is not one humans would have
         | tried it is unlike any other known furin cleavage sites in
         | coronaviruses
         | 
         | I believe what you mean to say here is that there is no
         | published literature describing these things. That may be true.
         | But the people doing this work are the ones who would develop
         | and then publish such knowledge, if it were indeed something
         | they were working on.
         | 
         | > It is not particularly suspicious that the thing which we
         | were worried about happening and causing a zoonotic spillover
         | event is the thing which actually happened.
         | 
         | It isn't. What is suspicious is the following:
         | 
         | 1. It happened in the city that houses the lab where this
         | research was proposed to take place.
         | 
         | 2. The natural reservoir of these viruses is hundreds of miles
         | from this city.
         | 
         | 3. The outbreak occurred exactly 2 years after this research
         | was originally proposed, in the city that it was proposed to
         | take place in, in roughly the amount of time one might expect
         | this research to take.
         | 
         | 4. Peter Daszak, despite coming out forcefully against the lab
         | leak theory, and purposely downplaying his involvement with the
         | lab in so doing, _and_ being inexplicably selected as a member
         | of the WHO team to investigate the lab origin theory,
         | completely neglected to mention having made this proposal a
         | mere two years prior.
         | 
         | If I were a major virus researcher, and my proposal to
         | investigate the _exact thing_ that just caused a massive global
         | pandemic had been denied by DARPA two years prior, I would be
         | shouting it from the rooftops as vindication. See, had you just
         | let me investigate this, maybe we could have avoided this
         | pandemic! But he didn 't do that. He didn't mention it at all,
         | despite its obvious relevance to all that has gone on.
         | 
         | This is not the behavior of someone with nothing to hide.
         | Whether or not this virus originated in this lab, it's pretty
         | clear that Peter Daszak is up to something he'd rather the
         | world not discover.
        
           | passivate wrote:
           | I think employing probabilities and likelihoods which are
           | subjective and will needlessly cause back and forth arguments
           | over their use and validity.
           | 
           | Could you provide some data to support the assertion that the
           | virus was engineered? I'm hoping something like a leaked
           | paper, or a lab notebook, or maybe hand written data on a
           | piece of scrap paper that somebody found in the garbage bin
           | in china.. I mean, I'll take anything.
        
             | Aeolun wrote:
             | Yeah, because all those things weren't scrubbed in the
             | first 4 hours after this became globally known. All the
             | evidence we have is by necessity circumstantial.
        
               | passivate wrote:
               | Any example where this has happened in the past on a
               | global r&d science project? We're talking about
               | scientists and lay people assisting them, not trained
               | spies. Past employees, disgruntled employees, warehouse
               | personnel, vendors/suppliers , bat handlers, emails,
               | paper, nothing?
        
             | darawk wrote:
             | > Could you provide some data to support the assertion that
             | the virus was engineered? I'm hoping something like a
             | leaked paper, or a lab notebook, or maybe hand written data
             | on a piece of scrap paper that somebody found in the
             | garbage bin in china.. I mean, I'll take anything.
             | 
             | Where did I say it was engineered? We have no evidence of
             | its natural origin either. Can you provide its natural
             | reservoir? An animal sample? Another coronavirus with this
             | furin cleavage site? Anything?
             | 
             | What we are trying to do is ascertain the likelihoods of
             | various scenarios given _the evidence we have_. Not the
             | evidence we wish we had. I do not believe, nor have I
             | anywhere asserted, that we have _proven_ the virus was
             | unnatural in origin. I also do not believe we have proven
             | that the virus was natural in origin.
             | 
             | What I _believe_ is that the evidence is presently
             | insufficient to determine, and fairly ambiguous. What is
             | unambiguous is the extraordinarily shady and self serving
             | behavior of Peter Daszak. Why it is that he 's doing that,
             | I don't know. It could be because he participated in the
             | engineering of this virus, but it could be for entirely
             | separate reasons that pertain to him. I do think we should
             | at least make a serious effort to find out, though.
        
             | inciampati wrote:
             | The viral phylogeny and history of it's evolution are a
             | mountain of evidence. Why don't you trust them?
             | 
             | We don't see adaptation to the new host. This means that
             | either the spillover happened a long time before it was
             | detected (months, years), or the proximal host was a
             | primate. Or, the virus could have been adapted to human
             | cells and their surface proteins in relatively
             | straightforward laboratory experiments. Then, if
             | accidentally released, the phylogeny and virus adaptation
             | process would look exactly like the one we are seeing with
             | hundreds of thousands of viral genomes.
             | 
             | A spillover from nature would look like SARS1. There are
             | rapid phenotypic adaptations in the beginning of the
             | epidemic. The initial virus is infectious, but not anything
             | like SARS2. In SARS2, it takes many months for real
             | phenotypic change to appear. The rate of variation is
             | clock-like because there are few easy phenotypic wins to be
             | made.
             | 
             | This _is_ hard evidence. What do you make of it? Maybe you
             | have to understand genetics and evolution to  "read" this
             | material, but that doesn't negate it.
        
               | passivate wrote:
               | >A spillover from nature would look like SARS1.
               | 
               | Why do you say so? Co-evolving organisms/species and
               | their cross-interaction in a large changing global
               | environment is not a deterministic process, or rather is
               | not a process that we can predict with any great degree
               | of accuracy. What things would "look like" is
               | extrapolation, not evidence.
               | 
               | In any case, my main objection to your argument is that
               | you're drawing inferences from an imperfect dataset and
               | them employing backwards reasoning "Well nothing else
               | explains it except theory A". Sorry, but that doesn't
               | satisfy me. I still want to see actual evidence of actual
               | work being done in an actual lab that corroborates the
               | hypothesis. It is pretty much impossible to keep such
               | large multi-year scientific development projects secret
               | in this day and age. There are dozens of people involved,
               | past employees, lab assistants, etc, etc. I work in
               | biotech (I'm not claiming to be any expert on anything)
               | and maybe that's why I'm finding it difficult.
        
               | ImaCake wrote:
               | >The viral phylogeny and history of it's evolution
               | 
               | ... point to it being a natural zoonotic spillover event.
               | Wuhan had a virus institute because it is a place where
               | novel viruses are found, not the other way around.
        
               | wk_end wrote:
               | This is not true as far as I'm aware. Novel bat
               | coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-2 are usually found deep in
               | bat caves in the south of China, ~2000km away from Wuhan.
               | The WIV was established in the 50s, long before serious
               | coronavirus research was a thing.
        
               | ImaCake wrote:
               | Heh good point. Maybe its proximity has helped it become
               | important, or it could be an accident of geography.
        
             | lovemenot wrote:
             | Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. It all
             | comes down to burden of proof. The more circumstantial
             | evidence of a lab leak piles up, the more reasonably open-
             | minded people will tend to shift their priors in that
             | direction.
             | 
             | You will only accept hard evidence, yet you are aware that
             | parties in China have actively removed some possible
             | evidentiary sources. And others in USA promoted a campaign
             | to shut down lines of enquiry, whilst withholding relevant
             | information.
             | 
             | Many disciplines use Bayesian statistical models. In this
             | case it may be the only way to "prove" a lab leak -
             | assuming that were actually true.
             | 
             | I understand how this makes me sound like a conspiracy
             | theorist. I hate that. It would certainly be better to have
             | hard evidence. I belive we have to reserve judgement in
             | it's absence. And keep investigating both avenues.
        
               | passivate wrote:
               | Statistical models work great for well defined problem
               | spaces like the probability of rolling a die in a
               | particular way. You can reason in your own mind the
               | probability of aliens or extinction events or lab leaks
               | or anything really, but it doesn't get you very far (IMO)
               | in proving anything.
               | 
               | To paraphrase Wernher von Braun - "Hard data is worth a
               | thousand expert opinions." :)
        
               | lovemenot wrote:
               | You seem to be conflating subjective and opinion on the
               | one hand with statistical on the other.
               | 
               | Actually, Bayes statistics works great in poorly defined
               | problem spaces where we can update our priors as new
               | information becomes available. Just like in the issue
               | under discussion.
               | 
               | Your example of rolling dice is Frequentist, not
               | Bayesian. We wouldn't use Frequentist stats in this
               | domain, for the reasons you mention.
        
               | passivate wrote:
               | >Actually, Bayes statistics works great in poorly defined
               | problem spaces where we can update our priors as new
               | information becomes available. Just like in the issue
               | under discussion.
               | 
               | Can you give me a few comparable scenarios where it
               | worked great?
        
               | prox wrote:
               | For me the things that sticks out is that they found the
               | origin of the original sars in mere months, but nothing
               | when it comes to Sars-cov-2. I don't know how big animal
               | reservoirs can be tbh.
               | 
               | Btw A conspiracy theorist doesn't change his conspiracy
               | when new evidence comes to light. So if you are a
               | critical thinker, you just want to know what happened
               | there, whether lab or natural origin (or a combination of
               | both?)
        
               | lovemenot wrote:
               | As I remember for SARS-1 it was bats via palm civets sold
               | in wet markets.
               | 
               | It would be interesting to see an updating Bayesian model
               | played out over 18 months of investigation into SARS-
               | COV-19 natural origin with no result so far. Absence of
               | evidence is not proof of non-natural origins, but it does
               | shift one's priors.
               | 
               | Thanks. I guess beyond the stereotypes there's no actual
               | conspiracy theorists. Just people reasoning imperfectly
               | with imperfect data.
        
             | snovv_crash wrote:
             | Lab leak doesn't mean engineered. It could have been wild
             | samples collected and brought to the lab which then were
             | handled by a careless technician.
        
           | Mizza wrote:
           | I have a little long bet going that in 10 years, Peter
           | Daszak's name will be on the same lists as the world's worst
           | mass killers.
           | 
           | Imaging writing this:
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7159294/
           | 
           | and then being forced to disclose this:
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8215723/
           | 
           | 4.5 million dead so far. More than Pol Pot, less than Leopold
           | II. There's still time.
        
             | akimball wrote:
             | 15.9 million per The Economist
        
         | googlemaps wrote:
         | There is a nearly identical RBD in the wild. But... without the
         | furin cleavage site.
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28649716
         | 
         | And you know what, northern Laos where the RBD was found, and
         | south Yunnan, where the well documented sars outbreak happened
         | (which presumably led to the discovery of ratg13), share a
         | border with each other
        
           | uap wrote:
           | What if EcoHealth (originally Wildlife Preservation Trust
           | International) was infiltrated by eco-terrorists who did the
           | reasearch anyway then released a depopulation virus to punish
           | humans and 'restore balance' to the ecosystem, in a sicko
           | 'Army of the 12 Monkeys'-style act of terrorism? But either
           | they weren't that successful ( _only_ 5 million deaths is not
           | depopulation) or their goal was lockdowns and reduced air
           | travel to give the environment a breather.
        
             | CyanBird wrote:
             | Please don't pollute HN with mindless, needless speculation
        
         | sayonaraman wrote:
         | I doubt Wuhan GoF researchers will be publishing their findings
         | anytime soon, until then it's all speculation.
        
           | willupowers wrote:
           | Not really speculation any longer. Daszak made a bunch of
           | statements that poured water on this potential concern, and
           | so many other contradictor statements to this evidence. When
           | there is a discrepancy or a number of discrepancies (in this
           | case), there is a good chance of a valuable investigation.
        
         | harshreality wrote:
         | There's nothing in that list that argues against SARS-CoV-2--
         | and its spike protein and furin cleavage site in particular--
         | being produced by serial passage through any of a variety of
         | cell lines expressing human ACE-2.
         | 
         | It does seem unlikely that the SARS-CoV-2 genome, or spike
         | protein, or even just a small segment including the furin
         | cleavage site, was synthesized. Although without knowing what
         | protein folding modeling capabilities and synthesis
         | capabilities the WIV had, who knows for sure?
        
           | lamontcg wrote:
           | There's 1,000 nucleotide differences between the closest
           | known progenitor and SARS-CoV-2. That is an evolutionary
           | distance of 30-40 years in a coronavirus. You can't replicate
           | that many years of evolution by serial passage in a lab.
           | Serial passage isn't a magic wand.
           | 
           | And the rest of it is that you're arguing in favor of a
           | science fiction explanation for the capabilities of the WIV
           | lab.
        
             | willupowers wrote:
             | 30-40 years difference from SARS-CoV. However, the proposal
             | actually says it would use other unpublished sequences for
             | development. These unpublished sequences may have been much
             | closer to SARS-CoV-2. I think you should read the leaks.
        
               | jml7c5 wrote:
               | >However, the proposal actually says it would use other
               | unpublished sequences for development.
               | 
               | Could you give the page # for this?
        
             | createdapril24 wrote:
             | This is a question I've encountered a few times. How
             | quickly, versus natural evolution, can serial passage
             | evolve a virus?
             | 
             | Using this figure, we could have some parameters around how
             | much time such a project must have taken and its latest
             | start date (assuming its evolved from known or closely-
             | related-to-known viruses).
             | 
             | Using this figure, and a theoretical timetable, we can also
             | specify how close a cousin virus we would need to have for
             | such a process to develop SAR-CoV-2.
             | 
             | This could give us a more specific understanding of the
             | feasibility of such research.
             | 
             | For example, RaTG13 is closest known virus was discovered
             | in 2013. Does the rate of serial passage enable evolution
             | from RaTG13 over ~7 years? If not, this provides a factual
             | argument allowing us to determine even if gain-of-function
             | research was imposed on RaTG13 the moment of its discovery,
             | it could not have been developed into SARS-CoV-2. (I don't
             | know how to evaluate the actual accuracy of this, but
             | provided as a example of how knowing the serial passage
             | rate would be helpful).
        
               | Gibbon1 wrote:
               | > How quickly, versus natural evolution, can serial
               | passage evolve a virus?
               | 
               | Look how many infections were needed to go from Covid
               | Classic to the Delta Variant. What's that a billion?
               | 
               | Comment I read from someone that aught to know what they
               | are talking about pointed out that gain function in a lab
               | produces viruses that are good at infecting cells in
               | petri dishes. Not ones that are good at infecting
               | vertebrates with full fledged immune systems trying to
               | kill it.
        
               | lamontcg wrote:
               | Serial passage isn't magic, it is just what nature does.
               | 
               | In the lab you'll get a handful of mutations not
               | thousands.
               | 
               | After serial passage through some large fraction of a
               | billion humans, with large evolutionary pressures due to
               | the recent species jump, the delta variant is still well
               | over 99% homologous to the reference Wu-1 strain.
               | 
               | A 96.1% different would require serial passage through
               | billions of organisms, but they measure this difference
               | in terms of years of evolution in nature which is on the
               | order of 30-40 years.
        
               | inciampati wrote:
               | In the lab we can vastly exceed natural mutation rates,
               | rendering this appeal to nature baseless.
               | 
               | The rate of evolution is a function of the mutation rate
               | and the effective population size. There is no reason to
               | believe that a lab setting, with highly parallel
               | evolution on a very large, diverse population, will be as
               | slow as passage through hosts in nature. The application
               | of mutagens, and also the lack of selection by a host
               | immune system can support much higher rates of change.
               | And in coronaviruses, recombination is also very
               | frequent, and this could easily give rise to multiple %
               | levels of divergence in a single step. Finally, it's
               | trivial to synthesize a genome of this size, and also to
               | synthesize pools of related viruses based on common
               | backgrounds.
        
               | tomp wrote:
               | > After serial passage through some large fraction of a
               | billion humans
               | 
               | Wouldn't this count as _parallel_ passage though? Sure
               | there's more variability and evolutionary pressure on the
               | mutations, but the _speed_ of evolution (the number
               | nucleotide mutations) is the same over the same period of
               | time regardless of how many billions of people it infects
               | in parallel.
        
               | angelzen wrote:
               | Then 'it was not serial passage' theory is unfalsifiable
               | (sorry for the double negation):
               | 
               | * If a wild strain is too far away from covid, then it
               | would have taken too long to do the passage.
               | 
               | * If a wild strain is almost identical to covid, then
               | obviously covid derived from that without seeing the
               | interior of a lab.
               | 
               | Under what circumstances would you consider that serial
               | passage work done in a lab might have had something to do
               | with covid?
        
               | passivate wrote:
               | Well said, also you have little control over which
               | colonies will take over.
        
         | COGlory wrote:
         | What is a viral backbone?
        
         | createdapril24 wrote:
         | These are all very compelling claims. I am wondering if you can
         | provide at least one reference for each. E.g. "There are now
         | many known related sarbecoviruses which have been found with
         | furin cleavage sites" is a claim that can be referenced pretty
         | easily with a link to papers reporting said sarbecoviruses.
        
           | willupowers wrote:
           | I believe the uniqueness has been established by the issue
           | that the specifics of the 12-nt insertion is never found
           | anywhere in a natural setting. Many papers have gone back and
           | forth over this and there's no natural example.
        
             | createdapril24 wrote:
             | Can you explain the importance of the 12-nt insertion, and
             | also provide some references regarding it not being evolved
             | naturally?
        
           | lamontcg wrote:
           | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187350612.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.01.26.428212v1
           | 
           | https://www.independentsciencenews.org/commentaries/phylogeo.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.5847.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/j.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-21240-1
           | 
           | https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-871965/v1
        
             | areyousure wrote:
             | From your first link: "SARS-CoV-2 is the only virus in
             | subgenus Sarbecovirus having this feature"
             | 
             | From your second link: "Finally, the poly-basic (furin)
             | site present in SARS-CoV-2 is absent in both RshSTT182 and
             | RshSTT200."
             | 
             | Your third link doesn't discuss furin cleavage sites very
             | much.
             | 
             | Your fourth link literally doesn't contain the substring
             | "furin".
             | 
             | Your fifth link literally doesn't contain the substring
             | "furin".
             | 
             | Your sixth link at least partially supports your claim with
             | a single mention of furin, saying "The two viruses shared
             | part of the furin cleavage site unique to SARS-CoV-2", but
             | the whole truth is that while they have insertions at the
             | S1/S2 cleavage site in the spike protein, they do not
             | contain the full furin cleavage site.
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RmYN02
             | 
             | From your seventh link: "None of these bat viruses harbors
             | a furin cleavage site in the spike."
             | 
             | (Protip: in this claim #4 of yours under discussion, you
             | should change "sarbecoviruses" to "betacoronaviruses".)
        
               | createdapril24 wrote:
               | I only reviewed the first link. What I took away from it
               | is that furin cleave sites occur in the family of
               | coronaviruses naturally, but have not been seen in those
               | most closely related to SARS-CoV-2. This note about not
               | having closely related coronaviruses having such a
               | feature is also true of SARS-CoV-1, which also leads
               | evidence to its ability to occur naturally within a given
               | subgenus (unless we posit also original SARS was lab-
               | leak, but I do not think anyone has posited this.)
               | 
               | I have not evaluated 2-7.
        
         | btilly wrote:
         | The proposal that this article is about weakens your argument
         | significantly.
         | 
         | They were going to experiment with multiple backbones,
         | experimenting with multiple variations of spikes, looking
         | specifically to try novel types of furin cleavage sites.
         | 
         | There was no public reporting of what happened with this
         | research. We don't know what they have because WIV database was
         | taken offline. They claimed to have searched it, but what they
         | claimed was the closest match in the database was not, in fact,
         | as close as a sequence they had published. Given that
         | demonstrable lie, there is no way to verify any claim about
         | what sequences were or were not known and possibly involved in
         | this research.
         | 
         | Furthermore the person who submitted the proposal was also the
         | person who broke ethical standards to preemptively shut down
         | all discussion of a human release.
         | 
         | That isn't to take away from the possibility of a natural
         | spillover. The facts that you say about that are facts. But
         | accidental release is also possible. And the lack of
         | transparency from those who are most likely to have made the
         | mistake heightens suspicions, it does not lessen them.
        
           | lamontcg wrote:
           | But at the end of the day you have zero evidence of any of
           | that actually happened. The backbone doesn't exist, the spike
           | doesn't exist, the effort necessary to culture that
           | completely unknown virus in the lab isn't documented
           | anywhere. And the grant proposal very specifically is
           | concerned with using the WIV1 and SHC014 backbones, nothing
           | related to SARS-CoV-2. And going from sequence to live
           | culturable virus that you can work with is _difficult_. They
           | aren't out collecting bats in the morning and whipping up
           | live novel virus backbones in the evening. And if they
           | actually carried out the research in this grant proposal you
           | don't get from there to SARS-CoV-2, those are all
           | SARS-1-like.
           | 
           | It is research that "sounds like" what happened with the
           | SARS-CoV-2 zoonotic spillover, but that isn't a strange
           | coincidence. They were researching the thing they were
           | worried about happening, and then it happened. Their research
           | proposals naturally rhyme with what actually occurred because
           | they had studied and understood the problem enough to guess
           | more or less accurately what the process would be. There are
           | still massive gaps in between this proposal and SARS-CoV-2
           | that you could fly a plane through.
        
             | inciampati wrote:
             | These researchers were apparently simulating the process of
             | spillover and host adaptation of recombinant coronavirus in
             | the lab. Of course this process will resemble a natural
             | event in some respects. In a natural event, we would expect
             | some traces of the adapting virus to be left in the world.
             | Here, there are none. The virus appears having already
             | adapted completely to it's new host.
        
             | createdapril24 wrote:
             | The specific claims here that are most compelling to me
             | are:
             | 
             | "The grant proposal very specifically is concerned with
             | using the WIV1 and SHC014 backbones, nothing related to
             | SARS-CoV-2." The counterargument is "Well, they could have
             | altered the proposal when they pursued funding elsewhere."
             | The takeaway is that it is not likely this specific
             | proposal was funded elsewhere, leading to SARS-CoV-2.
             | 
             | "If they actually carried out the research in this grant
             | proposal you don't get from there to SARS-CoV-2, those are
             | all SARS-1-like." I do not personally know how to evaluate
             | the accuracy of this claim, but if true, it resonates with
             | the first claim: this proposal funded elsewhere would not
             | lead to SARS-CoV-2.
             | 
             | The argument claims about it being hard/expensive I think
             | are less compelling, as there is a lead time of several
             | years with experts in field performing research. A more
             | compelling version of this argument would look like
             | (completely making up numbers): "On average, it takes 4.5
             | years to develop the first samples of a novel virus using a
             | selected backbone, CRISPR technology, and gain-of-function
             | culturing. Therefore, even if this research was funded in
             | 2018 we would not expect it to have led to SARS-CoV-2". I'm
             | not saying that argument is accurate at all, just saying
             | it's more specific than "it's difficult".
             | 
             | The argument claims about the evidence being missing I
             | think isn't going to be motivating for a person who has a
             | reasonable expectation that secret research is done and
             | does not have trust in government transparency (either US,
             | China, or otherwise). I'm not making a point here that
             | evidence isn't needed (far from it, evidence IS needed).
             | I'm evaluating from a polemic perspective what kinds of
             | claims and arguments are useful for advancing the
             | conversation with someone who holding a dissonant
             | viewpoint.
             | 
             | Thank you by the way for making specific claims that can be
             | fact checked such as the two referenced at the top of this
             | comment.
        
               | lamontcg wrote:
               | > "Well, they could have altered the proposal when they
               | pursued funding elsewhere."
               | 
               | It isn't as simple as altering the proposal. You're
               | speculating a very large and hidden process using
               | sequences that were kept perfectly secret and have not
               | been leaked, with virus backbones that would take
               | considerable effort to create but which were never shared
               | publicly (and kept perfectly secret before SARS-CoV-2
               | happened before there was any need for perfect secrecy).
               | We have this leaked information from 2018 about the
               | proposal with the WIV1/SHC014 backbones which leaked
               | because it was not kept with perfect secrecy. Yet they
               | managed to do all that work in perfect secrecy without
               | any leaks. That is the hallmark of a conspiracy theory.
               | It requires a bit of a time machine because Daszak would
               | have to have known in 2018 to tighten up his "OpSec" in
               | response to the pandemic that hadn't happened yet and
               | leaks that hadn't yet occurred.
               | 
               | Things are also getting worse for the lab leak theory on
               | other fronts, I just stumbled across this a few minutes
               | ago:
               | 
               | https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02519-1
               | 
               | If there's multiple lineages from multiple zoonotic
               | spillover events that makes the lab leak theory a poor
               | fit and will require a lot more mental gymnastics.
        
               | gojomo wrote:
               | You seem to be suggesting that because this 2018 grant
               | was recently "leaked", we now have... perfect info on all
               | other grants & projects, including any that are part of
               | the 'black budgets' of the US or China.
               | 
               | But maybe some things just haven't leaked yet? Or were
               | kept secret by others even more skilled at secrecy &
               | misdirection than Daszak?
        
               | inciampati wrote:
               | First, it really doesn't take major effort to make a
               | viral backbone. You'd like to make a protocol that
               | generates them in high multiplex (thousands, millions,
               | billions) and then selects on that background to find
               | functional ones. The current virus could descend from a
               | recombinant generated with such an approach. It might
               | never have been sequenced or observed directly because it
               | was one of innumerable examples that were competitively
               | cultured.
               | 
               | But, this nature piece is really problematic. When
               | removing likely sequencing errors, the independent
               | "spillover events" appear to fit perfectly into a single
               | phylogeny with each node separated by a single mutation.
               | And the A clade descends cleanly from the B clade. There
               | are not enough mutations between them to support a
               | complex explanation like multiple spillovers. This is
               | linked but not explained properly by the nature piece
               | https://virological.org/t/evidence-against-the-veracity-
               | of-s...
        
               | willupowers wrote:
               | That and a coupe authors already arrived at contrary
               | conclusions before this nature piece was even released.
               | It fails to even acknowledge their work, compare, or
               | comment why there should be favor in their own claims
               | above others with different approaches that might be
               | better suited (biostatistical methods to model a
               | progenitor and the probable evolution of the lineages).
        
               | derbOac wrote:
               | ... but then you'd have to explain the infection
               | geography in humans with two events. Not saying it's not
               | possible, but lining it up with what's known
               | epidemiologically speaking is different.
               | 
               | Also, I'm not sure why the lab leak hypothesis is
               | suddenly trickier. They had all sorts of samples.
               | 
               | Labeling this all as "mental gymnastics" as in the
               | article, or "a dagger in the heart of the lab leak
               | hypothesis" is just the sort of motivated analysis
               | confirmatory bias that caused all this in the first
               | place. I'm not sure how arguing that SARS-CoV-2 involved
               | two spillover events with crossover from multiple species
               | is less mental gymnastics than "a lab had multiple
               | samples".
               | 
               | Honestly I'd like to see more dispassionate discussion of
               | this. That Nature piece is shameful.
               | 
               | At some level I don't care if it was a lab leak or not
               | but I wish there wasn't this level of motivation behind
               | both sides.
               | 
               | In any event, the grant proposal should raise a lot of
               | red flags regardless. What bothers me often is this
               | implied assumption that if the lab leak hypothesis is
               | false, everything else is fine. It's all fine that a
               | plausible biosecurity failure scenario was ridiculed,
               | that major research groups clearly lied about and tried
               | to cover up conflicts of interest, that we can trust
               | these (GoF) lines of research are safe, that we can just
               | trust the authority figures to not cause another
               | pandemic, etc. etc. etc.
        
               | sillysaurusx wrote:
               | Just wanted to chime in and thank you both for an
               | extremely interesting discussion. Carry on. Being a fly
               | on the wall is fascinating here.
        
               | craftinator wrote:
               | Really? I find it halfway interesting, as it is a
               | discussion between someone who clearly understands the
               | science and bureaucracy that surrounds that type of work,
               | and someone who is chaining speculation and "what if's"
               | like their life depended on it.
        
               | sillysaurusx wrote:
               | Definitely. Because companies need both types of people
               | to succeed. I've also been on both sides of the table.
               | It's easy to underestimate the what-iffer and to
               | overestimate the established senior --- and vice versa.
               | 
               | Better than TV.
        
               | sillysaurusx wrote:
               | Jaysus, I just wanted to say thanks for a convo. To
               | confess my sins, I didn't read it too closely on either
               | side. I'm currently trying to fall asleep. The idea that
               | people did know a thing or two about biology on HN was
               | appealing.
               | 
               | I have to say though, the flagged reply was thoroughly
               | entertaining. Thank you sir or ma'am for the high praise;
               | I aim to please.
        
               | christwhatanass wrote:
               | Fuck off. The what iffer in this case is looking for
               | someone to blame.
               | 
               | That's generally not productive, not helpful, and in this
               | case, they're hoping to blame the people who foresaw this
               | very issue and wanted to stop it.
               | 
               | Not helpful at all, but you're here sucking his cock like
               | he is going to solve it on his own.
        
               | gfodor wrote:
               | You should def care if it was a lab leak or not, because
               | as we have learned the only way we are going to address
               | these risks properly if it was. The way to see this is
               | obvious is that we are not acting _as if_ it was a lab
               | leak, and we should be.
        
               | scythe wrote:
               | >Yet they managed to do all that work in perfect secrecy
               | without any leaks. That is the hallmark of a conspiracy
               | theory.
               | 
               | But nobody is alleging that they did _all_ the work in
               | _perfect_ secrecy. Clearly we know about a lot of the
               | work: you 'd use the same equipment, location, and so
               | forth. Only a few things are left that need to be secret;
               | namely, the origin of the viral sequences that preceded
               | SARS-CoV-2. And if those were present in the wild it
               | seems not entirely surprising that WIV could have simply
               | obtained them.
               | 
               | Furthermore, it is not really that surprising that
               | research which potentially develops weapons of mass
               | destruction is kept secret, pandemic or no. Whether it
               | caused the pandemic or not, people are still generally
               | concerned that this kind of thing was occurring.
        
               | fnord77 wrote:
               | I guess all the stuff the NSA kept perfectly secret
               | before the Snowden leaks were the hallmark of a
               | conspiracy theory, too.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | That is a good example to consider: the conspiracy
               | theories were around things like magic crypto-breaking
               | boxes, men in black getting crypto keys, or deeply-hidden
               | backdoors in Windows. What they actually kept secret was
               | that they were tapping cables covertly using the same
               | tactics against American companies that they'd used
               | throughout the Cold War -- the secret being that they
               | were using them domestically.
               | 
               | Applying Occam, I'm going to bet that the origins of the
               | virus will turn out to be entirely zoonotic or that
               | someone got infected doing fieldwork rather than the lab
               | engineering claims.
        
               | jhgb wrote:
               | > The counterargument is "Well, they could have altered
               | the proposal when they pursued funding elsewhere." The
               | takeaway is that it is not likely this specific proposal
               | was funded elsewhere, leading to SARS-CoV-2.
               | 
               | That sounds like a very tenuous line of reasoning to me.
               | Almost like saying "We know that Mr. A proposed shooting
               | Mr. B, so let's reconsider that Mr C. may have stabbed
               | Mr. D."
        
             | mcherm wrote:
             | At the end of the day we also have zero evidence of the
             | animal transfer hypothesis. The SARS-CoV-2 virus was never
             | documented in bats (prior to its spread among humans). No
             | one has been able to demonstrate the capability of the
             | virus to acquire it's current features in vivo in bats.
             | 
             | But that doesn't invalidate the animal transfer hypothesis.
             | Because that isn't how science works -- or even just how
             | KNOWLEDGE works. No one[1] operates under perfect
             | certainty; we collect stronger or weaker evidence for
             | various possibilities.
             | 
             | This grant application doesn't "prove" that SARS-CoV-2 was
             | leaked from a lab. But nothing "proves" it wasn't. The
             | existence of this grant application is evidence supporting
             | the lab leak hypothesis, demonstrating conclusively that
             | someone in the world was thinking, prior to the pandemic,
             | about performing modifications to coronaviruses similar to
             | what we have observed in the virus.
             | 
             | [1] Except mathematicians: https://xkcd.com/263/
        
             | Justin_K wrote:
             | The only evidence that exists is indirect because of
             | China's stonewalling. When International researchers are
             | denied access to the EpiCentre of a global pandemic, you
             | cannot use the argument that there is no evidence.
        
               | xyzzyz wrote:
               | It's even worse than that. They did actually given access
               | to Wuhan lab to WHO investigation team tasked with
               | studying the possibility of lab leak, back in
               | February/March last year. The team concluded that that it
               | could not have leaked from Wuhan lab. The name of the
               | lead investigator of the team? Peter Daszak, the very
               | same one. I'm not making this up.
        
             | stablechaos wrote:
             | "Zero evidence", huh? The epicenter of Covid-19 was the
             | middle of a major metropolitan city (instead of a rural
             | area near lots of animals), blocks away from a major
             | virology lab which was specifically studying these viruses,
             | collecting hundreds of wild strains from field operations,
             | in research DARPA said before the fact endangers the local
             | community and was banned by NIH, trying to specifically
             | create this virus as closely as possible for the research
             | to be successful...
             | 
             | It's like seeing smoke billowing out of a building and
             | refusing to accept that there's a fire until you see the
             | flames. Very convenient that your standard of evidence
             | surpasses anything we can possibly obtain after the CCP
             | scrubbed everything.
        
               | bawolff wrote:
               | > It's like seeing smoke billowing out of a building and
               | refusing to accept that there's a fire until you see the
               | flames.
               | 
               | The stuff you cite is circumstantial at best. Yes, given
               | the seriousness of covid i would like someone to
               | investigate it, but i would hardly call it billowing
               | smoke.
               | 
               | > Very convenient that your standard of evidence
               | surpasses anything we can possibly obtain after the CCP
               | scrubbed everything.
               | 
               | Is that really relavent? Say CCP would in theory destroy
               | evidence if such a situation arised. That's not an
               | argument that says it is china's fault, its just an
               | argument that we might not ever know. Its not like the
               | people arguing that it was natural aren't using lack of
               | chinese whistleblower as the evidence for naturalness.
               | 
               | At the very least i'd like evidence that suggests there
               | is a higher probability that it was a chinese experiment
               | than a natural occurance. Occam's razor and all. Arguing
               | that it might be impossible to know what happened,
               | increases uncertainty, but doesn't affect the relative
               | probabilities.
        
               | flavius29663 wrote:
               | Occam's razor works against your argument...given
               | everything we know so far, the simplest explanation is
               | that a chinese lab leaked a virus and it's covering it.
               | There is no jump in logic needed. It's actually easier to
               | explain why the virus was so close to the Wuhan lab.
        
               | bawolff wrote:
               | Occams razor states "entities should not be multiplied
               | beyond necessity"
               | 
               | It doesn't seem neccesary for a chinese lab to be
               | involved, and the only evidence so far (afaik) is that it
               | exists and was studying something similar. Meanwhile
               | there exists (albeit definitely not ironclad) evidence
               | that china wasn't involved.
               | 
               | If there is no evidence beyond circumstantial evidence
               | that china had a lab near by, and there is a pretty much
               | equally reasonable explanation that the event happened by
               | chance, than i think occam's razor favours the one with
               | less entities involved.
               | 
               | I'm not saying that china isn't involved. I'm saying that
               | we basically have no idea and the argument that china did
               | it is no more strong than the alternative. On the balance
               | i find the natural explanation more compelling, but
               | ultimately we have no idea. I also think there may be
               | some cognitive biases going on - covid 19 has hurt, and
               | we want scapegoat to blame. If it was natural, than we
               | have only ourselves to blame for being underprepared. If
               | china did it, we convinently have someone to hate.
        
               | flavius29663 wrote:
               | If you take it like that, the it seems like the lab leak
               | theory is even more probable. For the lab leak to work,
               | we have all the entities we need: the bat fever a few
               | years ago, ongoing studies on those coronaviruses,
               | outbreak near the lab, very suspicious lab behavior,
               | Chinese coverup.
               | 
               | If you take the other hypotheses, it goes like this: some
               | bat coronavirus -> jumps to an unnamed animal -> jumps to
               | a human. There is an unknown entity in this equation,
               | which is the third party animal. This is necessary for
               | the theory to work.
               | 
               | If you make me chose between a theory that has all the
               | elements and one that might or might not find a mythical
               | animal in the future...I think Occam's razor favors the
               | one with all known elements. Otherwise, ad-absurdum, you
               | can win any argument stating it's Occam's razor: you just
               | introduce a single magic black box which can substitute
               | any number of entities.
               | 
               | I am not doing this to blame China. I blame China for the
               | opacity of the response, which at times seemed like they
               | didn't care what happens with everyone else. I can blame
               | China regardless of how this virus appeared. I also blame
               | our top scientists, which covered their asses instead of
               | coming out with everything they know and work for the
               | greater good.
               | 
               | What I do want is better bio-labs safety protocols,
               | something that can be monitor by third party inspectors,
               | say from UN, just like we have for nuclear facilities.
               | Lab leaks happen, it's not a Chinese thing: https://en.wi
               | kipedia.org/wiki/List_of_laboratory_biosecurity...
        
               | bunnie wrote:
               | Maybe it's the other way around. They put the lab in
               | Wuhan because it's easy to get many samples of the
               | zoonotic viruses of concern due to the presence of many
               | natural reservoirs and wet markets, and you want a lab
               | near the action because you want to be able to study the
               | hot spots.
               | 
               | In other words, your argument is like saying occam's
               | razor concludes that fire extinguishers start fires
               | because they are always found in the vicinity of fires.
               | 
               | Also I think many on this thread greatly underestimate
               | the adaptive and evolutionary capabilities of nature.
               | Having done some wet lab myself, I'm impressed at the
               | ability of nature to do lateral gene transfer, and also
               | it's damn hard to make any experiments work. Plus there
               | are multiple layers of safety and containment around any
               | lab experiment. Movies make engineering look like AI
               | robots in labs and biology experiments that work on the
               | first try, and people who say lab near outbreak must
               | implicate the lab have probably spent more time watching
               | movies about outbreaks than trying to engineer organisms
               | themselves. Having spent a lot of time trying and failing
               | to engineer organisms, occam's razor screams to me that
               | the most likely explanation is natural evolution.
               | 
               | The real lab of concern are the hundreds of millions of
               | people living in close contact with animal reservoirs,
               | performing millions of competitive, uncontrolled
               | evolution experiments daily, with single hosts sometimes
               | simultaneously infected by multiple viruses, thus
               | facilitating lateral gene transfer... and this continues
               | to be the status quo. If you can accept that MERS and
               | SARS CoV-1 are naturally evolved, then occam's razor
               | would indicate that SARS CoV-2 is just one point in a
               | series, and yet another coronavirus outbreak is likely to
               | emerge in the next decade or so, from a dense urban area
               | near animal reservoirs.
               | 
               | Distracting ourselves by fantasizing that only humans
               | could be so devious to create such a virus makes us miss
               | a very important opportunity to try and prevent the next
               | outbreak through careful monitoring and research.
               | 
               | So, if you believe that we should have fire departments
               | and fire extinguishers near ignition sources then, maybe
               | we should have /more/ labs like Wuhan's in high risk
               | areas, not less. And we'd want to encourage more cross
               | border cooperation, not antagonize it, because viruses
               | don't give a damn about your politics.
               | 
               | It's concerning that threads like this, on a forum as
               | ostensibly pro-science as HN, are pushing ourselves
               | further away from science and transparency...
        
               | sumedh wrote:
               | > are pushing ourselves further away from science and
               | transparency...
               | 
               | because China was not transparent and hid (probably
               | destroyed) evidence. Its concerning that people dont want
               | to hold China accountable.
               | 
               | https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/how-china-
               | blocked...
        
               | avianlyric wrote:
               | The goal should be to find the truth. Not "hold China
               | accountable". We can't punish people for crimes we can't
               | prove they committed.
        
               | flavius29663 wrote:
               | > the presence of many natural reservoirs and wet
               | markets, and you want a lab near the action because you
               | want to be able to study the hot spots.
               | 
               | The closest relative to this virus (it's not even that
               | close, just 95% similarity) was found in a bat cave
               | hundreds of miles away. They flew it in Wuhan and made
               | experiments on it (this is all documented, not some crazy
               | theory). Something tells me it's more likely to escape
               | from the lab right there, rather than somehow infect
               | people for hundreds of miles undetected. Your analogy is
               | wrong, the lab is not really a fire extinguisher, because
               | a fire extinguisher cannot cause fires on it's own! Lab
               | leaks happen all the time https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L
               | ist_of_laboratory_biosecurity...
               | 
               | A better analogy is: a nuclear scientist works with heavy
               | metals at a lab (far away from home), suddenly his family
               | gets radiation poisoning. I wonder if it was the
               | scientist that made a mistake, or should we focus all our
               | search for natural radiation sources in the family's
               | house? Sure, it's always a possibility, but what is it
               | more likely? Also, you should at least acknowledge that
               | the person is working with radiation and investigate that
               | possibility thoroughly.
               | 
               | Those lab safety measure were criticized by the US state
               | department
               | https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/04/14/state-
               | dep...
               | 
               | > And we'd want to encourage more cross border
               | cooperation, not antagonize it, because viruses don't
               | give a damn about your politics.
               | 
               | The Chinese took the virus database offline 2 months
               | before the official outbreak...what a coincidence. And
               | what a cooperation effort. Renaming the closest relative
               | virus to hide it's trail. And a lot more.
               | 
               | Yeah, we need more cooperation, and China needs to do it
               | first. They created this mess, the least they can do is
               | cooperate rather than hinder investigations. We need
               | better lab security and better protocols worldwide.
        
               | fsh wrote:
               | SARS was first discovered in a major city too. This makes
               | a lot of sense. If there is an outbreak in a rural
               | village, the chances of it spreading worldwide are slim.
               | It is quite possible that small outbreaks happen
               | occasionally without anyone noticing. Who is going to
               | test a few villagers that got pneumonia for novel
               | coronaviruses?
               | 
               | I would also argue that in the age of factory farming it
               | is not so clear if more human-animal contact happens in
               | rural areas or in big population centers. SARS was
               | eventually traced back to palm civets which are farmed
               | animals. In this industry wild animals, many of which are
               | susceptible to SARS-like coronaviruses, are being bred in
               | large numbers. To me this sounds like a perfect breeding
               | ground for the viruses as well.
        
               | stablechaos wrote:
               | It's the totality of the evidence taken together, not a
               | series of things to be considered independently. When a
               | lot of "coincidence" add up, they cease being
               | coincidences. Or, at the very least, if there's no
               | serious investigation by the people in charge of
               | something so significant, an injustice is being done.
               | 
               | Also, factory farming is far safer than all other forms
               | of farming. If the outbreak was unrelated to WIV and
               | centered in Wuhan, wet-markets and exotic animal markets
               | are the likely culprit.
        
               | phreeza wrote:
               | Which other coincidence is there apart from the proximity
               | of the lab to the initial detection site?
        
               | mcherm wrote:
               | Well, there is the similarity between features of the
               | virus and research being proposed in a grant application
               | written half a world away just a couple of years before
               | the virus spread to humans. That's a coincidence of note.
        
               | phreeza wrote:
               | Yea agreed this seems like an additional data point, that
               | looks suspicious, but it is very new (at least to me) and
               | I will wait to see what experts make of this.
        
               | jml7c5 wrote:
               | "A lot of small things adding up" is also how conspiracy
               | theories are formed and sustained. Be it Qanon, GME,
               | Pizzagate, 9/11-was-an-inside-job, etc. They all rely on
               | small details that are not individually damning, but in
               | aggregate fit a compelling narrative. You have to be
               | extremely wary of this sort of thinking.
               | 
               | I don't think that a lab leak is implausible, but your
               | statement that the small pointers "cease being
               | coincidences" because they fit a narrative imparts far,
               | far too much certainty to the lab leak theory.
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | > When a lot of "coincidence" add up, they cease being
               | coincidences.
               | 
               | The internet doesn't handle subtlety well, so just to
               | spell it out...
               | 
               | If we admit things are coincidences then they can't be
               | added up to get evidence. Lots of coincidences isn't
               | evidence. The point is these things aren't coincidences.
               | If a new coronavirus breaks out next door to a lab
               | studying coronaviruses, then the lab is a possible source
               | of the virus and the proximity is evidence. It is weak
               | evidence and still unlikely, but evidence nonetheless.
               | 
               | However, when the lab is very close and the closest known
               | bat virus (RaTG13) is a very long way away as is the case
               | for SARS-CoV-2 then that is starting to get quite murky
               | as evidence goes. It would be much easier for RaTG13 to
               | travel the rather large distance from its natural
               | location to Wuhan in a freezer/test tube than in a bat.
        
               | stablechaos wrote:
               | And there are three completely plausible explanations for
               | why Shi Zhengli and Peter Daszak's research could have
               | led to the outbreak:
               | 
               | (a) It was successfully created in the lab using gain of
               | function research they were developing
               | 
               | (b) It was accidentally or purposefully cultured
               | naturally from one of the many strains they had collected
               | from the field
               | 
               | (c) A researcher, assistant, or contractor was infected
               | in the field as they were doing field work
               | 
               | Option (c) is particularly compelling because it doesn't
               | require much additional complexity beyond the "official
               | explanation". It still maintains that the origin of
               | Covid-19 was a zoonotic spillover event, but points to
               | the research as the direct cause of that event. And it's
               | not necessarily the case that if the virus was in the bat
               | population already that it necessarily would have spread.
               | Rural populations might become briefly infected with a
               | pandemic-level virus, but the spread is naturally
               | quarantined since they have little contact with major
               | metropolitan areas.
        
               | krona wrote:
               | You're correct, however after years of examining blood
               | samples from hospital patients it was possible to trace
               | the phylogeny of SARS to a zoonotic origin. This has not
               | been possible for SARS-CoV-2, least of all because the
               | government doesn't want such an investigation to take
               | place. I can't think why.
        
               | flavius29663 wrote:
               | Was the first SARS discovered in the vecinity of a lab
               | studying SARS?
        
               | aga98mtl wrote:
               | >SARS was first discovered in a major city too.
               | 
               | How many major cities are there? hundreds. How many with
               | a research center experimenting on coronavirus? (1 china,
               | 2 in the USA) Just in China there are more than 100
               | cities with 1 millions people. Odds are 99+% that it has
               | something to do with the research center. A very generous
               | take would be that it has 1% chance of being unrelated.
        
               | gfodor wrote:
               | The "zero evidence" claim is fun because every day there
               | is a failure to discover an origin species is de facto
               | evidence of a non-zootonic origin, since that evidence is
               | not subject to being hidden and is highly incentivized to
               | find given it would be exculpatory.
        
               | zhdc1 wrote:
               | > since that evidence is not subject to being hidden and
               | is highly incentivized to find given it would be
               | exculpatory
               | 
               | Why? The wet markets in Wuhan were sterilized and emptied
               | (meaning that the animals inside were removed, killed,
               | and their carcasses disposed of) at the very start of the
               | outbreak - several days before anyone had definitive
               | evidence that SARS-CoV-2 could be transmitted by person
               | to person contact.
               | 
               | I'm sure that the Chinese government would love to have
               | definitive evidence that SARS-CoV-2 is zoonotic, but that
               | evidence likely went up in smoke (January 1st, 2020)
               | weeks before anyone realized that COVID-19 would turn
               | into a legitimate pandemic (January 23rd, 2020).
        
               | cfn wrote:
               | I can't find the reference right now but the evidence can
               | be gathered from hospital records. There is a progression
               | in cases and some particularities that can be studied to
               | establish the origin of a disease.
        
               | zhdc1 wrote:
               | > I can't find the reference right now but the evidence
               | can be gathered from hospital records.
               | 
               | This is why there has been a lot of attention on certain
               | animals, such as raccoon dogs and minks. It turns out
               | that a lot of the early infections linked to the various
               | Wuhan markets were from shop owners and employees who
               | either sold or were in close contact a small number of
               | animal species. It also turns out that these animals can
               | be infected by SARS-CoV-2. See
               | https://ncrc.jhsph.edu/research/animal-sales-from-wuhan-
               | wet-....
               | 
               | The issue is that (as far as I'm aware) there's no
               | immediate evidence that SARS-CoV-2 jumped to humans from
               | any of these animals, only that there was an (again, as
               | far as I'm aware) unknown intermediary species. However,
               | because the animals at the wet market were disposed of,
               | there's no way to definitively link SARS-CoV-2 to them.
        
               | prox wrote:
               | Could a recombination be possible? So lab virus meets
               | wild virus in zoonotic environment and sars-cov-2
               | appears?
        
               | littlestymaar wrote:
               | For SARS ans MERS the evidence were "we found a variant
               | of the virus before its mutation allowing it to jump to
               | humans in civet/Camel".
        
               | t0rt01se wrote:
               | The "zero evidence" claim is a blatant attempt to shift
               | the burden of proof. In my opinion the burden of proof
               | remains with those hypothesizing zoonotic origin.
        
               | dash2 wrote:
               | I'd suggest the opposite. [edit: not the opposite, the
               | same!]
               | 
               | If it's conceivable that gain of function research can
               | release a virus that kills millions, then the burden of
               | proof is with the researchers to prove that they're safe
               | and this didn't happen.
        
               | t0rt01se wrote:
               | Please read my comment again. Perhaps you aren't
               | suggesting the opposite.
        
               | dash2 wrote:
               | Oops! Thanks.
        
               | stefantalpalaru wrote:
               | > blocks away from a major virology lab
               | 
               | Make that 33 km: https://www.openstreetmap.org/directions
               | ?engine=fossgis_osrm...
               | 
               | Further more, phylogenetic, epidemiological and pneumonia
               | excess death data all point to an epicentre in Huanan
               | market and an initial spread north of the Yangtze river.
               | See figure 1 in this article: https://www.cell.com/action
               | /showPdf?pii=S0092-8674(21)00991-...
               | 
               | It took a couple of weeks for this virus to spread south
               | of Yangtze and reach the district where Wuhan Institute
               | of Virology is.
        
             | avereveard wrote:
             | Interesting that the no lab peole keep beating the same
             | "evidence" drum, conflating to the public eye evidence and
             | proof meaning.
             | 
             | Every single denial comment around here hinges on this
             | confusion in terms and then tries to stick the "no proof"
             | meaning to all the evidence, instead of bringing whatever
             | evidence there is that it was a natural strain evolution or
             | debating the various points.
             | 
             | Funny how instead a meta analysis of the discussion show
             | one side piling up evidences while the other insists in
             | trying to convince people that no proof equals no evidence.
        
             | dash2 wrote:
             | You sound knowledgeable. Can you point us to any long-form
             | discussions on these topics? As a layperson I'd like to
             | know more.
        
             | willupowers wrote:
             | Calm down dude. Clearly you have some attachment to one
             | theory over another, which is poor science.
             | 
             | The investigation will continue and those missing items you
             | mention just might turn up since it appears from the leak
             | that there are might be a significant number of unpublished
             | sequences at WIV and EHA, etc.
             | 
             | If science is unsatisfied by what is found, actual
             | scientists will move on and look elsewhere. This leak
             | evidence is compatible with the man origin suspicions
             | however.
        
         | ImaCake wrote:
         | A lot of comments against this, but I think this is a pretty
         | good summary of why I think this is a zoonotic spillover event.
         | To put it bluntly, evolution is much more creative than us and
         | SARS-COV2 seems like a master stroke. Much of the arguments in
         | favour of the lab escape hypothesis read like arguments made by
         | people who are not virologists or related experts.
        
       | somewhereoutth wrote:
       | Fairytales about lab leaks won't absolve us of our abject failure
       | to deal with this novel pathogen, nor will they help us prepare
       | for the next.
        
         | rhino369 wrote:
         | Refusal to investigate whether this is the biggest disaster in
         | scientific history is odd.
         | 
         | If dangerous research killed 15 million people we need to know.
        
           | BeFlatXIII wrote:
           | Even if it did and we do know, do you honestly think it would
           | stop rather than be moved to secret bio weapons research
           | facilities?
        
             | rhino369 wrote:
             | Yes, because the type of research that would have led to
             | covid-19 was public health research, not weapons research.
             | Gain-of-function research is done to help learn about
             | pandemics so we can prevent them.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | Unfortunately, the experience of the current situation is not
         | helping us prepare for the next either. That's the sad part to
         | me.
        
         | postingawayonhn wrote:
         | Reducing the frequency of these leaks would seem like a good
         | idea.
        
         | gfodor wrote:
         | Actually given people like you seem insistent that such lab
         | leaks cannot happen, having it proven as such would help us
         | prepare for the next because it would force us to listen to the
         | people who have been warning us it will happen for years.
        
         | trhway wrote:
         | >our abject failure to deal with this novel pathogen
         | 
         | the response during the initial critical phase could have been
         | been different if it wasn't led by the people with obvious
         | conflict of interests like Fauci and was looking more like
         | coverup than an actual response.
         | 
         | The EcoHealth NIH grants for coronavirus/Wuhan included "Human
         | Subjects", so who knows how much of the initial spread was the
         | part of it.
        
       | reilly3000 wrote:
       | If you are an expert in virology I'd love to know the answer to
       | this question:
       | 
       | If given the right resources, would it be feasible to synthesize
       | a pandemic-inducing virus in a lab setting?
       | 
       | If so, a general question: why haven't the villains of the world
       | done so already?
        
         | mannanj wrote:
         | What if they already have? What if COVID-19 was that virus?
        
         | jpollock wrote:
         | Isn't the stated response from several countries that the
         | response to something like that is nuclear?
        
         | MaxDPS wrote:
         | At the moment, that type of research takes a lot of resources.
         | In the future, I'm sure that will change, which is a bit
         | worrying.
        
         | BeFlatXIII wrote:
         | To answer your final question:
         | 
         | That's more of a doomsday terrorist fantasy than viable bio
         | weapons research.
        
         | shadilay wrote:
         | The villains already have.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_warfare#Anti-person...
        
         | mdorazio wrote:
         | Not an expert, but this has more or less already been done [1]
         | and led to a temporary moratorium on this research.
         | 
         | To your last question, releasing such a thing would basically
         | assure your (and your people's) own destruction in addition to
         | your target's, as we've seen by how difficult it has been to
         | control COVID. So you'd have to want _everyone_ dead, and
         | generally speaking the people who would be willing to actually
         | do something like that don 't have the resources and knowledge
         | to make it happen.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-
         | perspective/2012/06/fouchier...
        
       | recursivedoubts wrote:
       | if you called someone crazy at some point for suggesting this as
       | a possibility, it is time to pause and reflect
        
         | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
         | It is reasonable & responsible to downplay theories that get
         | constructed in absence of sufficient and meaningfully qualified
         | evidence.
        
           | 015a wrote:
           | Ok, but to play in this space for a second: toward the
           | beginning of the pandemic when these theories were flying
           | left and right, where exactly was the "sufficient and
           | meaningfully qualified evidence" to assert that it had
           | natural origins?
           | 
           | Is the default to simply assert that, because it is
           | biological, it naturally evolved? In the modern era we're in,
           | I'm not convinced that is a sensible default.
           | 
           | The most sensible default is to say we don't know, and all
           | reasonable possibilities are being explored. That is _not_
           | the same as saying that its reasonable and responsible to
           | downplay a completely reasonable theory; for all that 's
           | holy, the virus was first discovered in the same city as
           | China's only L4 biohazard lab studying human pathogens,
           | literally _that evidence alone_ is enough to say the lab-leak
           | theory is  "reasonable". Not a smoking gun! But REASONABLE
           | and not worthy of downplay.
        
             | mr_toad wrote:
             | > Is the default to simply assert that, because it is
             | biological, it naturally evolved?
             | 
             | Unless you're a creationist, then yes?
        
           | dabbledash wrote:
           | GP didn't say "if you thought there was insufficient evidence
           | before, you have some reflecting to do!"
        
             | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
             | I'm advocating a principle that applies well to the OP.
        
               | dabbledash wrote:
               | Then your comment would make more sense as a response to
               | the OP.
               | 
               | If anything it seems like you would agree that in the
               | absence of evidence humility is appropriate. People who
               | acted like only fringe conspiracy theorists would even
               | consider lab origins should reflect on their
               | overconfidence and arrogance. It's not a slam dunk either
               | way and probably never will be, if i had to guess.
        
           | jtdev wrote:
           | Animal origin theory/wet market/etc. have zero "meaningfully
           | qualified evidence", are you as skeptical about those
           | theories?
        
           | iammisc wrote:
           | Such as the theory, presented often without evidence, that
           | Sars-Cov-2 came from an imaginary population of bats in
           | Wuhan?
        
             | tootie wrote:
             | The evidence is that every other coronavirus ever studied
             | was zoonotic. It's still the most reasonable explanation.
             | This story doesn't really move the needle.
        
             | jayd16 wrote:
             | Its fine to call someone crazy if they're posting about
             | some coverup about bats without any evidence too, no?
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | Except there was no bat coverup. The american media
               | bought into that theory without any evidence while
               | simultaneously castigating and ridiculing the lab leak
               | one. The coverup of the lab leak theory in the press was
               | thus in plain sight.
        
             | tshaddox wrote:
             | I mean, if it's a random comment on the Internet that makes
             | a claim without presenting evidence, yet evidence does
             | exist and is readily available, I don't have much of a
             | problem with that. After all, you just made the claim that
             | the theory is often present without evidence without
             | actually presenting evidence of _that_ claim. The real
             | question is what evidence exists, not what evidence may or
             | may not be presented with every online comment you may come
             | across.
        
             | andyxor wrote:
             | there is a lab called "Wuhan Coronavirus Research Lab" in
             | the epicenter of coronavirus pandemic ground zero, and
             | there is evidence of lab members seeking (and getting)
             | grants in the US for dangerous gain-of-function research in
             | the last few years, doesn't it make you stop and think?
        
         | mhh__ wrote:
         | There's a difference between outright rejection and calling BS
         | on obviously conclusion-driven argument from people playing
         | politics.
        
         | martythemaniak wrote:
         | I've asked people to explain to me why I should care one way or
         | another, beyond curiosity, and no one has been able to answer
         | yet.
         | 
         | That is to say, is there an actual person who is perfectly fine
         | with all the terrible things the CCP plainly does, but finding
         | out that they've been incompetently handling research will
         | suddenly make them change their views?
        
           | sjwalter wrote:
           | One real great reason to care one way or the other is that
           | the lab leak vs. natural origins debate heavily informs
           | whether or not GoF research makes sense at all, as in,
           | whether it should be pursued or globally & aggressively
           | banned.
           | 
           | The basis for GoF research (at least, the publicly-espoused
           | thesis, bioweapons research being a likely secondary
           | interest) is that such research can help us stop or reduce
           | the impact of a pandemic. If the natural origin theory turns
           | out to be the truth, then this adds lots of weight to the
           | idea that we SHOULD be aggressively pursuing GoF research in
           | order to fix the next naturally-occuring viral pandemic.
           | However, if sars-cov-2 actually came from a lab leak, then we
           | have evidence that such research is both far more risky than
           | we thought and as well that natural pandemics are less likely
           | than we think, so we should probably not do it at all.
        
           | 015a wrote:
           | The reason why you need to care is because this isn't a CCP
           | problem; its a global problem.
           | 
           | Sure, maybe the CCP screwed up containment, and that mistake
           | cost millions of lives. Every single major government around
           | the planet has facilities like the one we're discussing.
           | Every single one has made mistakes like the CCP possibly did.
           | The CCP were just unlucky in that their mistake wasn't
           | confined to one person or the welcome lobby.
           | 
           | Knowing it was engineered in a lab would put a bigger
           | spotlight on facilities like these. Unfortunately, its most
           | likely to only result in sanctions against China, but if the
           | people in charge could summon an ounce of sense, it could
           | also mean more of these facilities being shut down, their
           | research suspended, and the live cultures of humanity-
           | destroying plagues in their vaults destroyed.
        
             | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
             | > it could also mean more of these facilities being shut
             | down
             | 
             | ... which is a critical thing to consider when reading
             | virologists' opinions claiming that it couldn't be a lab
             | leak. There is a very obvious conflict of interest here.
             | 
             | I don't have a good answer how to deal with this conflict,
             | since it is hard for non-virologist to judge the arguments,
             | but ignoring the conflict of interest entirely is not the
             | solution.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | iammisc wrote:
           | Yes... Many people claim 'global warming' or 'globalization'
           | make pandemics more frequent and more likely and want us to
           | spend lots of money preparing for pandemics. However, if this
           | pandemic turned out to be engineered or modified, then there
           | is a political solution to this enhanced likelihood of
           | pandemics from rogue nations.
        
         | tshaddox wrote:
         | "Suggesting this as a possibility" is a pretty weak statement.
         | But it's actually good to criticize someone for claiming _that
         | it happened_ without having any evidence, even if there happens
         | to later be evidence that it happened.
        
           | Viliam1234 wrote:
           | Depends on whether your criticism was "we don't know for sure
           | whether it happened" or "it did not happen".
        
           | bopbeepboop wrote:
           | You're assuming that because you were unaware of that
           | evidence, that others were as well.
           | 
           | But we've known since the COVID outbreak that there was
           | experiments making novel corona viruses infect humanized mice
           | in Wuhan just before two of the WIV researchers got sick and
           | a nearby military event also got sick. We've further known
           | that COVID-19 has a DNA structure unlike natural viruses --
           | matching a bat virus except for a single protein that appears
           | to be from a pangolin virus.
           | 
           | It was always clear the preponderance of evidence pointed
           | towards a lab leak -- and that claims of a natural virus were
           | special pleading by interested parties or a political stunt
           | by media parties.
           | 
           | You were always irrational and acting based on propaganda to
           | question a lab leak -- it was the only reasonable and
           | supported-by-evidence hypothesis the entire time.
        
           | aww_dang wrote:
           | Let's not confuse the issue.
           | 
           | Evidence is a method of confirmation. Motives, incentives and
           | suspicious evasions can help us form hypotheses to evaluate.
           | Dismissing a hypothesis as something unworthy of examination
           | may fall under the 'suspicious evasion' subheading.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | speed_spread wrote:
         | My problem with people saying "but it was engineered!" is that
         | it the origin does not change what our reaction should be. The
         | virus is here and now we have to face it. Whether it's a
         | natural mutation, part of a big masterplan, or an accidental
         | release is a matter of international politics, in which most of
         | us have very little, if anything to contribute.
        
           | baja_blast wrote:
           | yes, but if this research continues we are all at risk of
           | another highly contagious human adapted virus escaping again.
           | The goal should be to try and ban this type of research
           | worldwide. While zoonotic viruses are always a risk, they are
           | far easier to contain due to the time it takes for a virus to
           | gain enough mutations to be easily infectious to other humans
           | such as what happened with SARs1 and MERS. Researchers
           | developing viruses to be highly adapted for humans just
           | creates viruses that are impossible to contain like COVID.
        
             | mr_toad wrote:
             | > While zoonotic viruses are always a risk, they are far
             | easier to contain
             | 
             | Coronaviruses have _never_ been easy to contain. Not this
             | one, nor any of the many other coronaviruses that have been
             | endemic in humans for thousands of years.
             | 
             | We call the common cold common for a reason.
        
           | angelzen wrote:
           | If we go back to business as usual, covid will be far from
           | the last allegedly engineered virus to kill millions. The
           | health sciences establishment is in dire need of a reality
           | check, their actions have consequences reaching well beyond
           | petty grant politicking.
        
             | Factorium wrote:
             | Its unlikely the virus was engineered expressly to kill
             | millions - it seems increasingly likely that the virus was
             | engineered to drive mRNA vaccine sales, as well as to
             | disrupt the 2020 American election (by forcing an
             | unprecedent switch to mail-in paper ballots and upending a
             | vibrant US economy - at the same time as China was
             | struggling under international tariffs).
             | 
             | Just look at what an investment in BioNTech would have done
             | if you bought in October 2019:
             | 
             | https://www.google.com/finance/quote/BNTX:NASDAQ?window=5Y
             | 
             | You'd be 25x in less than 2 years.
             | 
             | How convenient for the Gates Foundation to invest $55
             | million in September 2019!
             | https://investors.biontech.de/news-releases/news-release-
             | det...
             | 
             | The chief innovation of mRNA vaccines is that instead of
             | using expensive egg cultures, you can reproduce viral
             | proteins inside the vaccinated patient themselves. This
             | presumably means much cheaper manufacturing.
             | 
             | Additionally, you can drive long-term vaccine sales, since
             | antibodies based on a single protein (spike) are more
             | likely to fail compared to immunity based on the complete
             | protein structure. We're already seeing this now with the
             | 'need' for booster shots in response to variants driven by
             | these leaky vaccines.
        
               | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
               | It is unlikely the virus was engineered specifically for
               | some goal that would involve an intentional release.
               | 
               | The most likely explanation is that the lab was engaging
               | in risky scientific research, because they wanted to do
               | ground-breaking science and were asking themselves
               | whether they could, not whether they should.
               | 
               | Then they made a mistake, had a gap in the protocols,
               | didn't follow them out of laziness, or some other
               | accident, and infected themselves.
               | 
               | As attractive as such theories sound, pandemics are
               | unpredictable enough that noone sane would start one to
               | further some specific goal. At a large scale, there are
               | rarely true winners in a pandemic (or war).
        
       | twobitshifter wrote:
       | Daczak serves on the WHO team to investigate the virus origins,
       | but this did not get mentioned in any reports. Instead he warns
       | other not to discuss it. He does not include notes that research
       | was done on modifying bat viruses to make them infectious to
       | human cells. These behaviors look like a guilty person, do they
       | not?
       | 
       | The wuhan and eco-health researchers had already started work on
       | the furin cleavage sites and why would they stop when DARPA
       | blocked it? Funding can't only come from the US. Did CCP also
       | block this research?
       | 
       | > there is published evidence that the Wuhan Institute of
       | Virology was already engaged in some of the genetic engineering
       | work described in the proposal and that viruses designed in North
       | Carolina could easily be used in China.
        
         | rualca wrote:
         | > Daczak serves on the WHO team to investigate the virus
         | origins (...)
         | 
         | As a reference never hurts, specially in a topic prone to
         | disinformation, here's a link to the WHO's page on its official
         | list of members of their "Global Study of the Origins of SARS-
         | COV2".
         | 
         | Dr. Peter Daszak, Ph.D (EcoHealth Alliance, USA) is listed as a
         | member.
         | 
         | https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus/origins-of-the...
        
         | ramraj07 wrote:
         | Do also note that damn near every lab today would not propose a
         | new approach or project without already secretly having gone
         | half the way in it with prior funds. No one proposes a
         | potential novel idea without already being fully sure it will
         | work.
        
           | splittingTimes wrote:
           | 100% true for theoretical/computational physics, solid state
           | physics, optics, catalysis research, and many more. You use
           | existing grants to explore completely different topics and
           | once you have something promising where you are 50-80% there,
           | you write the next grant. Rinse, repeat.
           | 
           | Particle physics (or gravitational wave research for example)
           | is the odd one out here. Maybe because it is 100% fundamental
           | research, where it is known to not produce applicable
           | results.
        
           | sgt101 wrote:
           | Not true where you have to get ethics consent. You can't do
           | this because you're lab will be shut if you are found to be
           | doing experiments in secret. Yes - in some labs for maths,
           | physics and so on you are right, but not medicine & biology.
           | 
           | If you don't believe this then look at the failure rate of
           | the projects.
           | 
           | The other thing is that the funding agencies really, really,
           | really don't like this - they want high risk research not
           | handle turning. So if you get caught out you will get
           | blacklisted - it's misconduct.
        
             | madamelic wrote:
             | > You can't do this because you're lab will be shut if you
             | are found to be doing experiments in secret.
             | 
             | It's almost like if you move your research to a country who
             | has no regards for safety or ethical concerns, that
             | suddenly isn't a problem.
        
           | blablabla123 wrote:
           | Certainly not true in the area of particle accelerator
           | experiments. Every single step there is done in public so to
           | say. And it's not that it's a niche, literally thousands of
           | scientists and engineers work on this stuff. (Also I know
           | people that had to change thesis topics half-way through,
           | although I cannot fully recall the reasoning for that.)
           | 
           | It's well-known that there has been high-risk coronavirus
           | research across the globe. Actually there are even
           | documentaries from before the pandemic, not sure why this has
           | to be double-emphasized.
        
             | rualca wrote:
             | > It's well-known that there has been high-risk coronavirus
             | research across the globe.
             | 
             | It's the first time I heard of anything of the sort.
             | 
             | Do you have any reference pointing out, or is this just
             | Facebook hearsay?
        
               | ezconnect wrote:
               | Corona virus and gain of function was done in the US and
               | when a leaked accident occurred it got banned and
               | outsourced to the world. The research labs and stories
               | was famous during MERS outbreak. India, Pakistan and
               | China is the best known countries with advance research
               | labs for it.
        
             | N00bN00b wrote:
             | > It's well-known that there has been high-risk coronavirus
             | research across the globe.
             | 
             | Not to me.
             | 
             | >Actually there are even documentaries from before the
             | pandemic, not sure why this has to be double-emphasized.
             | 
             | Got any names/years so I watch them?
        
           | stablechaos wrote:
           | This is something I wish more people understood about
           | academia with regards to this grant.
        
         | jollybean wrote:
         | This 'looks guilty' thing is akin to witch hunting.
         | 
         | If millions of people died and you were right there when it
         | happened, a likely suspect, you might want to deflect blame as
         | well.
         | 
         | Populism and Politics have little to do with the truth. If the
         | masses are fired up over one theory, or if the highly
         | politicized academic community is fired up over one of their
         | own sensitivities, it can be destructive for many involved.
         | 
         | Refusing legitimate investigation - now that's a bad sign
         | because people should want to clear their names.
         | 
         | We don't know what the answers are but it warrants further
         | investigation.
        
         | teh_klev wrote:
         | > why would they stop when DARPA blocked it
         | 
         | Because the Trump administration decided that along with a
         | bunch of other offshore collaboration funding decided to pull
         | the money (America First!). There's a Vincent Racaniello
         | episode on Microbe TV that explained what happened there. I
         | don't remember the episode but here's his channel:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/c/VincentRacaniello/videos
         | 
         | I think if folks would listen more to virologists than the
         | press they'd find out that it's incredibly difficult to
         | engineer new viruses (that's actually in his coursework - also
         | on his channel), but it's also incredibly difficult to create
         | stable "gain of function" (for weaponising) which has been
         | suggested as the source of SARS2 and that whole Wuhan
         | conspiracy theory thing.
        
           | gojomo wrote:
           | But why would one denial from one particularly finicky
           | funding source (Trump-era US agencies) make researchers - who
           | thought they were doing essential work - stop such essential
           | work? Why wouldn't they use other funding, possibly from
           | overhead funding or prior grants, or from other less-finicky
           | funders? And in a jurisdiction - China - where many of the
           | same limits or reporting-requirements might not exist?
           | 
           | Are virologists the only humans who, thwarted by one
           | jurisdiction's limits, give up without considering doing
           | their career-making, essential-to-humanity work elsewhere?
           | 
           |  _> ...it 's incredibly difficult to engineer new viruses...
           | [and] ...also incredibly difficult to create stable "gain of
           | function"..._
           | 
           | Indeed, but humans do incredibly difficult things all the
           | time. In fact, they're often attracted to the challenge, and
           | seek funding to help them do it, and often don't let a 'no'
           | from any one funder stop them from bootstrapping work in
           | other ways.
           | 
           | It's also incredibly difficult to engineer & get approval for
           | vaccines to a brand-new disease, but that got done, recently,
           | faster than ever before.
           | 
           | It was incredibly difficult to create nuclear weapons, but a
           | lot of countries have done it independently.
           | 
           | Given the significant number of dangerous pathogen escapes
           | from disease labs, it's also "incredibly difficult" to keep
           | dangerous contagions safely contained. It's comparatively
           | easy to accidently let them out!
        
             | tikiman163 wrote:
             | Covid wasn't a brand new disease. They had most of the
             | research necessary to create a vaccine completed two years
             | before the outbreak. We would likely have had the Johnson
             | and Johnson vaccine by July of 2020 if Trump hadn't shut
             | down the pandemic response team purely because it was
             | created by Obama. They were the ones already preparing the
             | ground work necessary for a vaccine to existing SARS Corona
             | virus diseases that had already emerged as far back as
             | 2011. Project Warp Speed wasn't so successful because it
             | provided funding or cut red tape, most of the vaccines we
             | got didn't even participate. We got vaccines so fast
             | because nearly a decade of related research had already
             | been completed.
             | 
             | My point is it would have required a virtual miracle for
             | the proposed gain of function research to have produced
             | something that could have escaped in the time framed that
             | is possible regarding the rejected grant request.
             | Additionally, good research has proven that Covid couldn't
             | have been due to gain of function research either.
        
               | nekt wrote:
               | If that is the case why did Peter himself say a covid
               | vaccine was impossible at the Nipah conference in 2019?
        
               | AlotOfReading wrote:
               | The 2019 nipah conference was December 09-10. The first
               | COVID patients with symptoms had only entered the
               | hospital the previous day and the epidemic was still
               | unrecognized. Why was anyone talking about a vaccine for
               | a disease no one knew existed at an unrelated virus
               | conference? Can you source anything to that effect?
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | All 3 vaccines used in the US received funding through
               | Operation Warp Speed.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed
        
         | pfortuny wrote:
         | Not necessarily guilt but a HUGE conflict of interest...
        
           | lazyeye wrote:
           | As much credibility as the executive team at Philip Morris
           | releasing an open letter outlining how smoking doesn't cause
           | cancer.
        
         | kyrra wrote:
         | Peter Daszak was also one of the people organizing the letter
         | in the lancet back in 2020 denying that it came from a lab.
         | 
         | Original letter:
         | https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6...
         | 
         | Lancet responding to criticism:
         | https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6...
        
           | noptd wrote:
           | Yeah, turns out 26 of the 27 scientists all had some conflict
           | of interest related to the Wuhan lab:
           | 
           | >All but one scientist who penned a letter in The Lancet
           | dismissing the possibility that coronavirus could have come
           | from a lab in Wuhan were linked to its Chinese researchers,
           | their colleagues or funders, a Telegraph investigation can
           | reveal.
           | 
           | Source: https://archive.ph/dXc0n
        
         | PicassoCTs wrote:
         | He proudly proclaims his research in this video, he is not
         | hiding anything: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IdYDL_RK--w
        
           | lps41 wrote:
           | He absolutely did try to hide things. He tried to hide his
           | relationship to the original Lancet article denouncing the
           | lab leak theory, because he knew it was a staggering conflict
           | of interest:
           | 
           | https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2021/06/the-lab-leak-
           | theory-...
        
             | kennywinker wrote:
             | Person organizing PR statement takes actions to make that
             | PR statement as effective as possible? Not exactly a cover
             | up. I don't "like" my own instagram posts for the same
             | reason.
        
               | lps41 wrote:
               | It's expected that conflicts of interest be disclosed in
               | journalism and things like this. Instead he actively
               | worked to hide his conflict of interest.
        
               | noptd wrote:
               | Exactly, and it looks like almost all of them did:
               | 
               | >All but one scientist who penned a letter in The Lancet
               | dismissing the possibility that coronavirus could have
               | come from a lab in Wuhan were linked to its Chinese
               | researchers, their colleagues or funders, a Telegraph
               | investigation can reveal.
               | 
               | Source: https://archive.ph/dXc0n
        
               | dash2 wrote:
               | Scientists have to hold themselves to a higher ethical
               | standard than PR flacks.
        
       | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
       | Even with this one bit of evidence (assuming it actually
       | indicates what we think it might) we aren't there yet. We might
       | be eventually but not today.
        
       | Aeolun wrote:
       | I don't buy this. This proposal had been reviewed by someone
       | (probably multiple someones) in 2018, and when a year later we
       | get a human transmission coronavirus that sweeps the entire globe
       | _nobody_ remembers this thing immediately (even vaguely)?
       | 
       | I can't say if it's a setup, but I'd be very sceptical of this
       | proposals origins.
        
       | jgalt212 wrote:
       | Why is lab leak vs zoonotic a front in the culture war rather
       | than a question for which we should see the truth in a
       | dispassionate manner?
        
         | mannanj wrote:
         | My opinion is the same reason other topics of discussion in
         | society become culture wars. Why do they really?
         | 
         | - Gay vs straight: religious and political beliefs - Abortion:
         | same reasons IMO - Left vs right: politics that self propagate
         | and stay in power with division
         | 
         | What what some other examples that we can try to isolate the
         | causes for and extrapolate to here.
         | 
         | My opinion on the reasons for this theory being a culture war
         | is the government and its predominate scientists have pushed a
         | "hero" or "patriot" perspective onto one class of its citizens
         | that if you're not devoting your energy towards increased
         | vaccine engagement or government policies towards containment
         | of this virus you are doing something wrong. Everyone else is a
         | villain or bad guy or extremist conspiracy theorist.
        
       | arthurcolle wrote:
       | If this is true, Peter Daszak and any implementers should get the
       | death penalty for such a cavalier attitude towards these
       | activities. It is such a willfully negligent set of actions and
       | this looks extremely bad for him and his acolytes.
        
       | andyxor wrote:
       | If it looks like a duck, swims like a duck, and quacks like a
       | duck, then it probably is a duck
        
         | mhh__ wrote:
         | The difference is that I'm guessing 99% of people reading this
         | (myself include) have no idea what a duck is, let alone how it
         | quacks.
         | 
         | Merely the amount of "gotcha!"-ing that happens as the news-
         | pendulum swings from each side of this debate suggests to me
         | that this in large part driven by emotions and tribalism rather
         | than solely an honest desire for the truth.
        
           | radus wrote:
           | Strongly agree with this. Sure seems like a lot of people
           | have become duck experts overnight though.
        
       | jtdev wrote:
       | Go back and listen to the exchanges between Rand Paul and Dr.
       | Fauci... Fauci repeatedly lied before Congress regarding funding
       | for this GoF research which now appears to have been the source
       | of the virus. This shouldn't be a partisan issue... trust the
       | science.
        
       | jasonlaramburu wrote:
       | Was EcoHealth Alliance, the group referenced in the article,
       | working in Wuhan?
        
         | jtdev wrote:
         | Yes, they funded GoF research at WIV. And it's founder Peter
         | Daszak worked to undermine the lab leak theory as a member of
         | the WHO COVID19 origins investigation team... can you say
         | "conflict of interest"?
        
         | AlbertoGP wrote:
         | Yes they were, in particular with the Wuhan Institute of
         | Virology, and Peter Daszak himself was in Wuhan in October
         | 2019.
         | 
         | EcoHealth just got defunded by the US Congress with bipartisan
         | support:
         | https://twitter.com/GReschenthaler/status/144122144752803020...
        
           | rich_sasha wrote:
           | In addition there was some controversy as they were behind
           | the Lancet open letter that first renounced the idea of a lab
           | origin. They got a bunch of scientists associated with their
           | organisation to sign it, without mentioning EcoHealth by name
           | or stating competing interest.
           | 
           | My spidey sense is certainly tingling, though of course no
           | smoking guns. But the jigsaw pieces fit. Can't get the
           | funding in North Carolina? Let's try Wuhan.
        
             | shadilay wrote:
             | I believe they declared "no competing interest".
        
               | noptd wrote:
               | Right, and 26 of the 27 who signed that letter had
               | conflicts of interest -https://archive.ph/dXc0n
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | NoGravitas wrote:
           | This grant proposal, in particular, however, was to do work
           | in North Carolina.
        
             | AlbertoGP wrote:
             | Citing from the grant application, page 12:
             | 
             | > We will conduct in vitro pseudovirus binding assays,
             | using established techniques, and live virus binding assays
             | (at WIV _[Wuhan Institute of Virology]_ to prevent delays
             | and unnecessary dissemination of viral cultures)
             | 
             | https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21066966-defuse-
             | prop...
        
       | ffggvv wrote:
       | either way china covered it up and owes us repararions. atleast
       | 10T worth
        
       | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
       | I agree with the comment from justapassenger. The title has been
       | altered from the headline into inflammatory clickbait.
        
         | BellLabradors wrote:
         | The article has been previously submitted with and has
         | languished without interest, I think that the Intercept's
         | headline alone is underplaying it a little and is not suited to
         | this forum. I think if you read the article, the HN headline
         | above is accurate. What specifically do you think is
         | inaccurate? Even in tone?
        
           | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
           | That's a reasonable question. First - my understanding is
           | that we're expected to repost headlines verbatim, even if
           | they kind of suck. It's not some unbreakable rule but it's an
           | objective we should commit to.
           | 
           | Past that, I offer that headlines that will lead _the public
           | we have_ toward thoughtful, measured, conclusions (that
           | reflect where we actually are) - this would seem to be our
           | best goal.
        
             | BellLabradors wrote:
             | Fair enough, it seems I can't edit it now, Dang obviously
             | feel free to do so.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | (We've since changed the title - see
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28647742.)
        
         | willupowers wrote:
         | The leaks reveal the confidence of a proposal and path to
         | accomplish the genetic manipulation that Daszak and his
         | associates have been aggressively refuting. This information
         | contradicts those previous statements. It appears Daszak may
         | have conflicts of interest that need more investigation.
        
       | throwawaysea wrote:
       | Reminder that the NIH and NIAID (which Fauci leads)
       | systematically undermined oversight processes meant to flag
       | dangerous research for additional review. See
       | https://dailycaller.com/2021/04/04/nih-gain-of-function-anth...
        
         | mhh__ wrote:
         | Is the Daily Caller a reliable source?
        
           | throwawaysea wrote:
           | They are reasonably reliable. I am by no means a regular or
           | even occasional reader, but it is very difficult to find left
           | biased news sources covering this lab leak story with any
           | degree of honesty and professionalism. You can verify the
           | claims in this particular article by visiting the Twitter
           | feed of the Professor they mention.
        
       | forgotmypw17 wrote:
       | I'll just leave this here...
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23875758 (July 2020)
        
       | throaway6679 wrote:
       | The stridency with which people attempt to shut down discussion
       | of a lab origin points in the direction of a coverup.
       | 
       | An example of this happening is on Wikipedia where one editor in
       | particular seems to have declared it to be a "conspiracy theory"
       | and scrubs every mention of it. The editor in question scrubs
       | talk pages and their own talk page, thus effectively preventing
       | any kind of consensus forming, which is out of the ordinary for
       | Wikipedia. They have remarkable stamina, and thus can our out-
       | wait other editors.
       | 
       | Wikipedia seems to be one example of a much bigger effort to
       | suppress discussion of a potential lab leak.
        
         | TechBro8615 wrote:
         | Wikipedia Talk pages are an underrated venue for restrained
         | flame wars. If you're looking for your two minutes of hate
         | today, just go to any Talk page for a controversial subject
         | that's been "debunked" in the last year or so.
        
         | bondarchuk wrote:
         | Link to the editor?
        
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