[HN Gopher] Food fraud and counterfeit cotton: detectives untang...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Food fraud and counterfeit cotton: detectives untangling the global
       supply chain
        
       Author : prostoalex
       Score  : 138 points
       Date   : 2021-09-24 15:08 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theguardian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theguardian.com)
        
       | ilamont wrote:
       | _Most recently, the apparel world has been roiled by revelations
       | that cotton from Xinjiang, in China, is being grown and processed
       | using forced labour. The scandal implicated some of the world's
       | biggest brands, including H &M, Nike, Adidas and Gap, and
       | prompted sanctions and restrictions in the west on imports made
       | of Xinjiang cotton. Last August, not long after the US banned all
       | imports containing Xinjiang cotton, US customs authorities asked
       | Oritain for a pilot demonstration of its cotton-tracing
       | abilities._
       | 
       | This is one of the reasons China is going particularly ballistic
       | over Xinjiang cotton. In the past supply chain controversies
       | could be "fixed" relatively easy with bogus local inspections,
       | fake documentation, or supplier shell games, but the science here
       | is harder to fool.
       | 
       | This not just an issue for cotton. As the article notes, fake
       | fish can be spotted with genetic analysis, and that's a global
       | problem with very local consequences. The Boston Globe did a big
       | report on this a few years back, concluding many local
       | restaurants and markets in Eastern Massachusetts were flat-out
       | lying about the fish they were selling:
       | 
       |  _Ken's Steak House in Framingham again served Pacific cod
       | instead of a more expensive Atlantic species. Slices of fish sold
       | as white tuna at Sea To You Sushi in Brookline were again
       | actually escolar, an oily species nicknamed the "ex-lax'' fish by
       | some in the industry because it can cause digestion problems. H
       | Mart, an Asian supermarket chain found to have sold mislabeled
       | red snapper last year, this time was selling inexpensive
       | freshwater Nile perch as pricier ocean grouper at its Burlington
       | store._
       | 
       | https://www3.bostonglobe.com/business/specials/fish/?arc404=...
        
         | 0x000000001 wrote:
         | The fake fish situation is well documented in the book Real
         | Food/Fake Food
         | 
         | http://www.realfoodfakefood.com/real-food-fake-food-book-by-...
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | I wonder how much "crab" in restaurants is crab.
         | 
         | On the other hand, I wonder how much "seafood soup" is actually
         | the real deal (sharkfin soup)
        
           | wyre wrote:
           | Why does seafood soup imply shark fin soup? Are you not
           | concerned with the ethical concerns around sharkfin soup?
        
             | m463 wrote:
             | I was told restaurants that used to serve sharkfin soup
             | served "seafood soup" after sharkfin was made illegal.
             | 
             | The gist of what I was saying was that crab -> fake, and
             | ironically "seafood soup" was actually genuine sharkfin
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | Also makes me think that if two different varieties of fish,
         | steak etc. are so indistinguishable to the end consumer that
         | you have to rely on genetic analysis to separate them, what
         | warrants the massively inflated price of one over the other?
         | 
         | If I order a $500 bottle of wine but am served from a $50
         | bottle, and neither I nor anyone else at the table can tell the
         | difference, did I not still get the $500 "experience" I wanted?
        
           | ketzo wrote:
           | I mean, to be fair, it's not like you're sampling the fish at
           | the market. Plus, most people don't assume they're being lied
           | to; your thought might very well be, "huh, this is some
           | pretty bad Atlantic cod" instead of "this must be the
           | inferior Pacific cod!"
        
         | wil421 wrote:
         | Just to nitpick slightly there is no such thing as white tuna.
         | What's called white tuna is always escolar. Albacore is a
         | pinkish or off white tuna but I've never seen it listed as
         | white tuna at a restaurant.
        
           | vharuck wrote:
           | Out of curiosity, I wondered if the FDA agreed. And they do:
           | 
           | https://www.cfsanappsexternal.fda.gov/scripts/fdcc/index.cfm.
           | ..
           | 
           | The FDA does warn against using the name "white tuna," but
           | they sure don't seem to care in practice.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | MattGaiser wrote:
         | Back in university, I had a class that required I get up early
         | some mornings so I walked past a lot of sushi places as fish
         | was getting delivered. Lots of places getting boxes labelled
         | escolar, but nobody had anything but tuna on the menu.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
       | > _Most recently, the apparel world has been roiled by
       | revelations that cotton from Xinjiang, in China, is being grown
       | and processed using forced labour. The scandal...prompted
       | sanctions and restrictions in the west on imports made of
       | Xinjiang cotton._
       | 
       | This is super weird because the US _also_ still uses forced
       | prison labor to pick cotton.
        
         | random314 wrote:
         | That's unfortunate. However, folks in the US prison system have
         | been convicted of crimes.
        
           | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
           | Ignoring the fact that we've had prisoners, in places like
           | e.g. Guantanamo, on and off who were/are held for decades
           | without ever even being charged with anything, China has also
           | charged its prisoners with crimes.
           | 
           | You don't agree with China's decision to make practicing
           | religion a crime, I don't agree with the US's decision to
           | make possessing drugs a crime. Both are "crimes" punishable
           | by incarceration according to the two governments.
        
           | d4mi3n wrote:
           | Presumably China has also convicted it's forced labor of some
           | crimes as well.
           | 
           | Regardless of what the laws are, I believe that prison labor
           | is a bad practice with big ethical issues--it incentives
           | incarceration as a means to procure cheap/free labor that can
           | be used to turn a profit for those in power.
           | 
           | EDIT: To clarify: I don't think giving prisoners an _option_
           | to work is a bad thing, but nobody should be allowed to
           | profit off of such labor other than the prisoner themselves.
           | Anything else tends to lead towards undesirable incentives
           | and outcomes.
        
           | 0x000000001 wrote:
           | Criminals are still humans and we should be using every
           | effort to rehabilitate them and make them valuable members of
           | society and contributors to the economy in a far more
           | significant way
        
           | rytor718 wrote:
           | So slavery is legal as long as the slave is a criminal? I'm
           | not following what's being implied.
        
           | vkou wrote:
           | The Gulags were also full of people who have committed
           | crimes. Some of those crimes were even non-political!
           | 
           | I can't say that's the argument that _I 'd_ use to defend
           | slavery, though...
        
         | RegnisGnaw wrote:
         | So your equating prison in the US to the camps in Xinjiang?
        
           | pphysch wrote:
           | No, US prison camps are definitely worse due to their scale
           | and history.
           | 
           | > Many of these prisons had very recently been slave
           | plantations, Angola and Mississippi State Penitentiary (known
           | as Parchman Farm) among them.
           | 
           | https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/09/prison-.
           | ..
           | 
           | Uncomfortable truth. Will probably get flagged.
        
             | anonchan wrote:
             | The forced labor described in the article _is_
             | unjustifiable. But China imprisoning populations solely for
             | having a different religion and culture is worse than
             | America imprisoning people for (at least mostly) real
             | criminal convictions.
        
               | Quinner wrote:
               | Our criminal justice system is designed to incarcerate
               | black people. A third of black people will be
               | incarcerated at some point in their lives. You're six
               | times as likely to be incarcerated if you're black than
               | if you're white.
        
               | nickff wrote:
               | ... And about ten or eleven times more likely to be
               | incarcerated if you're male than female. Does this mean
               | that the 'justice system' was twice as well 'designed to
               | incarcerate' men?
               | 
               | https://www.prisonpolicy.org/graphs/genderinc.html
        
               | beckman466 wrote:
               | the point is that there is too much Sinaphobia in
               | mainstream western news outlets that means global north
               | countries' behavior is not proportionately called out.
               | many stories about China are unfounded and dangerous, and
               | mostly have to do with China being technologically
               | strong.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | whycombinater wrote:
               | 93% are men, 7% women.
               | 
               | Our criminal justice system is designed to incarcerate
               | men.
               | 
               | edit: High five to sibling comment.
        
               | beckman466 wrote:
               | your point? both statistics are valid and relevant, and
               | aren't mutually exclusive.
               | 
               | weird comment. statistics aren't a game you win.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | pphysch wrote:
               | > But China imprisoning populations solely for having a
               | different religion and culture
               | 
               | Do you have any evidence for this claim that isn't
               | compromised by a State Department-sized CoI? I'm
               | genuinely curious.
        
               | random314 wrote:
               | Is that so hard to find? Here is a list of academics
               | jailed for their ethnicity, as part if the genocide.
               | 
               | https://shahit.biz/supp/list_003.pdf
        
               | pphysch wrote:
               | Wow, you unironically just linked a _Radio Free Asia_ [1]
               | rag after I requested sources that don't have a "State
               | Department sized CoI".
               | 
               | [1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radio_Fr
               | ee_Asia&m...
        
               | WhySoGullible wrote:
               | This is what Gene Bunin, the author of that list, had to
               | say about his own database:
               | 
               | > "we have over 10000+ documented people" was the initial
               | comment. Neither boasting nor saying 100% are credible."
               | 
               | Sounds incredibly reliable to me.
               | 
               | [1]
               | https://twitter.com/shahitbiz/status/1306554296088096769
        
               | joyeuse6701 wrote:
               | Evidence is hard to come by because the CCP isn't
               | forthcoming in the least, but we do have the
               | investigative journalism of the NYT:
               | 
               | https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/13/podcasts/uighurs-
               | coverage...
        
               | pphysch wrote:
               | An I missing something or NYT is just linking to Zenz's
               | and Allen-Ebrahimian's dubious claims?
        
               | yorwba wrote:
               | I think this Chinese government website might not have
               | been compromised: http://www.chinapeace.gov.cn/chinapeace
               | /c25030/2012-06/19/co...
               | 
               | A man surnamed Ibrahim (so probably member of a Turkic
               | Muslim minority) was sentenced to 10 years in prison and
               | a fine of 200,000 RMB for illegally importing and selling
               | illegal religious and/or pirated publications.
               | 
               | Whether that's evidence of "China imprisoning populations
               | solely for having a different religion and culture"
               | depends on how much emphasis you put on the " _solely_ ".
               | If he'd actually been licensed, he probably wouldn't have
               | been arrested, but on the other hand I know a woman
               | selling all kinds of Taoist snakeoil, and I don't think
               | anyone's bothered to investigate her, so his religion
               | likely played a role.
        
               | pphysch wrote:
               | This doesn't remotely support the claim of genocide. The
               | guy was actually accused, tried and convicted of a crime,
               | probably involving the distribution of jihadi material.
               | 
               | The crime of illegally distributing documents would be
               | brutally prosecuted in the US, possibly outside the legal
               | system. Whether it's jihadi material or pirated Disney
               | films.
        
               | yorwba wrote:
               | > This doesn't remotely support the claim of genocide.
               | 
               | You didn't ask about genocide in the comment I replied
               | to.
               | 
               | > The guy was actually accused, tried and convicted of a
               | crime, probably involving the distribution of jihadi
               | material.
               | 
               | The police seized 125250 copies. I doubt jihad is nearly
               | that popular. (His city of Hetian only has 400,000
               | inhabitants.) But importing any kind of religious
               | publication beyond a small amount for personal use
               | requires express permission http://www.gov.cn/ziliao/flfg
               | /2007-04/20/content_589295.htm paragraph 10. Most likely
               | it was just an edition of the Qur'an that hadn't been
               | officially approved by the Islamic Association of China.
        
               | fakedang wrote:
               | It's very possible though that the guy was selling
               | "illegal" Qurans, prayer mats and incantation beads, all
               | of which are illegal material in Communist China. There's
               | no chance in hell he could have legalized that business
               | whatsoever, simply because the Chinese government does
               | not take a liking to the Muslim faith (partly because
               | they can't control it like they control the churches due
               | to its decentralized nature).
        
               | yorwba wrote:
               | The centralized organisation serving as a conduit between
               | the government and Muslims is the Islamic Association of
               | China https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Association_o
               | f_China Among other things, it has produced an official
               | translation of the Qur'an, published by China Social
               | Sciences Press http://www.csspw.com.cn/booksclass_159590_
               | 1_2__0_issueddate_... If he'd been selling that one, it
               | would've been unproblematic. (But also unlikely to be
               | very profitable.)
        
               | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
               | > _But China imprisoning populations solely for having a
               | different religion and culture is worse than America
               | imprisoning people for (at least mostly) real criminal
               | convictions._
               | 
               | My culture says that growing and smoking cannabis is
               | good. The US disagrees and makes that nonviolent crime a
               | felony. The Uyghur culture says that worshipping Allah is
               | good. China disagrees and makes that nonviolent crime a
               | felony.
               | 
               | What's the difference, exactly? What makes one criminal
               | conviction "real" and the other not?
               | 
               | Our incarceration system is no less culture-bound when we
               | have half a million people imprisoned (1 in 5 prisoners)
               | for nonviolent drug crimes.
        
               | nsxwolf wrote:
               | You're asking "how should we decide what is moral or
               | criminal", which is just a bit smaller a question than
               | "what is the meaning of life?"
        
               | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
               | I'm actually saying that it's derisible to say that our
               | incarceration system is less culture-bound when we have
               | half a million people imprisoned (1 in 5 prisoners) for
               | nonviolent drug crimes.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | pope_meat wrote:
           | the 13th amendment states that the only acceptable form of
           | slavery is prison labor.
           | 
           | pair that with the fact that the united states is #1 in
           | prisoners per capita, and it's not hard to come to a pretty
           | dark conclusion...
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | Or equating forced prison labor to forced prison labor.
        
             | stickfigure wrote:
             | So you're saying that being a Uighur is an equivalent crime
             | to committing robbery or assault?
        
             | jorblumesea wrote:
             | Someone being in prison simply for being of a certain
             | ethnicity isn't the same as someone being in prison for
             | crimes. Even if the root of those crimes might be complex
             | socio-economic factors like discrimination and income
             | inequality.
             | 
             | In addition, the level of human rights prisoners get in the
             | US is far beyond what any Uighur experiences. Right to a
             | lawyer, right to appeal convictions, visits from family
             | members. It's really a false equivalency.
        
               | r00fus wrote:
               | > Someone being in prison simply for being of a certain
               | ethnicity isn't the same as someone being in prison for
               | crimes.
               | 
               | Even when policing in the US is so completely racially
               | motivated? Driving (hell, biking/walking/breathing) while
               | black is a reality of the US carceral system.
               | 
               | The last year has really shown the world that US policing
               | and incarceration is completely broken and highly
               | resistant to even governance change (who's in charge of
               | whom?)
               | 
               | I'm not saying what China does with the Uyghur population
               | is right. Just that the US is not far away. Hell, look at
               | the border detention centers.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | pempem wrote:
               | A version of your comment from the PRC perspective would
               | be:
               | 
               | "These people are at the wrong mix of discrimination and
               | are poor because they refuse to follow our laws and
               | participate in our system. They have a right to convert,
               | a right to appeal, and a right to negotiate by turning in
               | family and friends who refuse to follow our laws."
               | 
               | In fact discrimination would be the basis on which they
               | are putting people to work, in camps.
               | 
               | Additionally and separately: every single thing you've
               | mentioned (right to a lawyer, right to appeal, even
               | visits and costs of phone calls) have been shown to be
               | stacked against low income, blue collar, or minority
               | citizens repeatedly. A quick google search of "right to
               | [x]" "poor defendants" or "black defendants" will clean
               | this misapprehension right up for you. https://lmgtfy.app
               | /?q=right+to+a+lawyer+%2B+poor+defendants
        
         | ilamont wrote:
         | Not just cotton. Fighting fires. Making License plates. Doing
         | laundry.
         | 
         | The difference is U.S. prisoners are convicted felons. Many
         | volunteer for these jobs, such as the firefighters in
         | California. Others are paid a small wage for their work or get
         | reduced sentences.
         | 
         | In China, it's members of specific minority groups such as
         | Uyghurs who are singled out and put into concentration camps
         | ... not because of what they have done, but because of _who
         | they are and what they believe_.
         | 
         | Uyghurs and other non-Han minority people in China are
         | subjected to forced labor, forced abortions and idealogical re-
         | education.
         | 
         | Via the AP:
         | 
         |  _An estimated 1 million people or more -- most of them Uyghurs
         | -- have been confined in re-education camps in Xinjiang in
         | recent years, according to researchers. Chinese authorities
         | have been accused of imposing forced labor, systematic forced
         | birth control and torture, and separating children from
         | incarcerated parents._
         | 
         | https://apnews.com/article/only-on-ap-middle-east-europe-gov...
         | 
         | The Guardian:
         | 
         |  _It estimated 570,000 people came through three minority-heavy
         | prefectures alone - Aksu, Hotan, and Kashgar - and that labor
         | programs in other ethnic minority regions as well as prison
         | labor would probably add hundreds of thousands to the figure.
         | 
         | The labour programs are not secret; they are frequently written
         | about in state media as glowing examples of the government
         | assisting millions of poor people into work, but those articles
         | also contain clues to their coercive nature. Transferred
         | workers are often sent far from their home, made to live on
         | site in factories and subjected to ideological training.
         | 
         | Publications on the labour schemes frequently include
         | references to policies discouraging "illegal religious
         | activities" and changing thoughts and behaviour._
         | 
         | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/15/xinjiang-china...
        
           | linuxftw wrote:
           | > The difference is U.S. prisoners are members of specific
           | minority groups
           | 
           | FTFY.
           | 
           | > Many volunteer for these jobs
           | 
           | True, because the alternative is being locked in your cell 23
           | hours per day.
           | 
           | In any case, using slave labor for profit is morally
           | abhorrent. It creates very negative societal incentives, and
           | it allows keeping the overall labor rate lower. I'd happily
           | fight fires in CA or elsewhere, if the price is right.
        
             | tbihl wrote:
             | >True, because the alternative is being locked in your cell
             | 23 hours per day.
             | 
             | Source? A family member was charged with a felony for drugs
             | and went to prison, and he was certainly not locked in his
             | cell 23 hours daily.
        
               | linuxftw wrote:
               | Not all prisons are the same. The labor camps operate
               | like this, your family member was either not in one of
               | these prisons, or he took the job.
        
           | rytor718 wrote:
           | As another commenter also observed, "volunteer" is a very
           | poor description of the situation. What exactly are the
           | options here for the prisoner involved?
           | 
           | And I think this is worth distinguishing: a slave is always
           | prisoner of their enslaver. The reverse need not be the case,
           | and yet our system turns prisoners into slaves through forced
           | labor. There's no volunteerism involved here. It's about
           | those with power, those without. Slavery can be understood
           | best by how the powerful behave, not the powerless. No one
           | would volunteer for this or prisoners wouldn't have to be
           | forced to do it.
           | 
           | I'm always disappointed that the lessons of slavery still
           | aren't understood in this country. It's painful and shameful.
           | 
           | EDIT: clarity of terms
        
           | pphysch wrote:
           | Both media sources rely on speculation from one individual,
           | so why not just link that shared source?
        
             | tyrfing wrote:
             | You've made about 20 comments in this thread, mostly
             | demanding sources and then dismissing those sources with
             | vague ad-hominem and making zero attempt to engage with the
             | substance of any claims.
             | 
             | Since you seem to be very well educated on this topic, can
             | you share your sources? I'm eager to read them.
        
               | pphysch wrote:
               | My understanding of the "Xinjiang issue" is that Xinjiang
               | has a complex history of separatism & violent terrorism
               | (see Urumqi attacks). Beijing implemented a
               | counterterrorism program in the last decade or two,
               | alongside other initiatives such as comprehensive anti-
               | poverty campaigns. Broadly these programs have the same
               | goal of stabilizing the region, its economy, its
               | politics, its people, and overall they have been
               | successful.
               | 
               | Recognizing China as a competitor on an unchecked rise,
               | Washington "pivoted" its foreign policy on China towards
               | antagonism at the beginning of the Obama admin. [1]
               | 
               | This resulted in a number of related attempts to
               | internally destabilize China and loosen the dominance of
               | the Communist Party, ideally leading to a Chinese regime
               | that is submissive to Washington's demands (as occurred
               | recently in India, Ukraine, Brazil and many other
               | historical cases). Otherwise, China could very well
               | surpass the USA as the most powerful nation on Earth.
               | 
               | Among those attempts is a fierce propaganda initiative,
               | which takes any controversial issue related to China and
               | warps it beyond recognition, with the goal of demonizing
               | the Communist Party. Xinjiang, Hong Kong, COVID-19,
               | Taiwan are among the extremely propagandized topics in
               | circulation.
               | 
               | It is virtually impossible to get a fact-based
               | perspective on these issues from mainstream Western
               | media, because _that is not their goal_. If a mainstream
               | Western outlet attempts to portray China in a neutral
               | /positive, fact-based light, then they risk
               | repercussions. For example, the illuminating PBS
               | documentary entitled "China's War on Poverty" was removed
               | from the airwaves in USA [2] citing "funding" concerns.
               | Any attempt to deviate from official media policy on
               | China could be labeled a "national security risk" and
               | compromise major media corporation's access to funding
               | and other opportunities. Simply not worth the risk (see
               | Parenti's or Chomsky's "propaganda model").
               | 
               | Meanwhile, extremely dubious "reporting" that furthers
               | this foreign policy agenda is amplified to incredible
               | extents. This is how virtually all "China bad" stories
               | end up tracing their origins from a relatively tiny
               | inbred clique of Washington D.C.-based ideologues/think
               | tanks/"human rights" groups, ETIM separatists, Falun Gong
               | cultists, and weapons manufacturers who stand to profit
               | enormously from the "China Threat" theory. Everyone else
               | is directly or indirectly shut out.
               | 
               | [1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asian_foreign_po
               | licy_of_t...
               | 
               | [2] - https://current.org/2020/05/after-pbs-drops-film-
               | pbs-socal-r...
        
             | ilamont wrote:
             | One source? There are multiple sources, including
             | eyewitness accounts, reports from Chinese and Uyghur
             | exiles, western experts, and even satellite imagery:
             | 
             |  _" The findings of this research contradict Chinese
             | officials' claims that all 'trainees' from so-called
             | vocational training [centers] had 'graduated' by late
             | 2019," report author Nathan Ruser wrote. "Instead,
             | available evidence suggests that many extrajudicial
             | detainees in Xinjiang's vast 're-education' network are now
             | being formally charged and locked up in higher security
             | facilities, including newly built or expanded prisons, or
             | sent to walled factory compounds for coerced [labor]
             | assignments."_
             | 
             | https://www.npr.org/2020/09/24/916665128/report-satellite-
             | im...
        
               | pphysch wrote:
               | Okay, so far you've linked Adrian Zenz and Raytheon-
               | mouthpiece ASPI.
               | 
               | Is it really so much to ask for a source that doesn't
               | have an obvious and massive Conflict of Interest in
               | destabilizing China?
        
               | nosianu wrote:
               | > _have an obvious and massive Conflict of Interest in
               | destabilizing China?_
               | 
               | If only you would apply what you demand of others to your
               | own brazen statements.
        
               | pphysch wrote:
               | Rigorous, fact-based scrutiny is "brazen"? Ridiculous. Is
               | this Reddit, or HN?
               | 
               | Please stay on topic: where are your _primary_ sources
               | that don 't have a massive Conflict of Interest? It's
               | okay to admit you don't have any.
        
             | cool_dude85 wrote:
             | He'll post the source of both claims when it's time for the
             | Rapture.
        
         | pphysch wrote:
         | Is there a single large economy that _doesn 't_ prohibit forced
         | prison labor? I can't find one.
        
           | sofixa wrote:
           | Care to name which ones do? China, US, probably Russia? Who
           | else?
        
             | pphysch wrote:
             | US, Germany, Russia, Brazil, China, India, etc.
             | 
             | The truth is that giving convicted prisoners opportunities
             | to work is probably a big net positive. I'm sure plenty of
             | them would work for pennies rather than rot in a cell.
             | 
             | The root of the problem is if there is injustice in
             | sentencing or coercive work conditions. Not the work
             | itself. But that requires far more investigation to
             | establish than pearl-clutching about the universal practice
             | of "forced labor".
             | 
             | But if there is a legit criminal behind bars, I would like
             | to hear reasons why they shouldn't be able to work in a
             | highly controlled, safe workplace.
        
               | maxmamis wrote:
               | > The root of the problem is if there is injustice in
               | sentencing or coercive work conditions. Not the work
               | itself.
               | 
               | lol what? they're in a cage guarded by men with guns.
               | what about that could possibly be anything other than
               | "coercive?"
        
               | pphysch wrote:
               | Yeah, prisons generally have armed guards.
        
               | Pamar wrote:
               | "Coercitive" would be something like "you make N license
               | plate a day or don't get food".
               | 
               | "If you accept to do non-mandatory work in exchange of
               | money/reduced sentence" it will be your choice.
        
               | maxmamis wrote:
               | another way to rephrase that is "if you choose not to
               | work, you will stay in prison for longer." sounds pretty
               | coercive to me!
        
               | Pamar wrote:
               | Not longer that your original sentence though.
        
               | hellbannedguy wrote:
               | I think they should be able to work if they want.
               | 
               | I just don't want private entities profiting off
               | prisoners our taxes house.
        
               | pphysch wrote:
               | I agree completely. Any prison labor programs should be
               | entirely in the public sector.
        
               | wombatpm wrote:
               | A d pay the federal minimum wage
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | ncallaway wrote:
               | > The truth is that giving convicted prisoners
               | opportunities to work is probably a big net positive.
               | 
               | The fact that you used the word "opportunities" to
               | described "forced" really demonstrates the problem with
               | the line of reasoning used to justify forced labor.
               | 
               | Forced labor is wrong. Always. Period.
               | 
               | > I would like to hear reasons why they shouldn't be able
               | to work in a highly controlled, safe workplace.
               | 
               | Sure, if someone is in prison they should be _able_ to
               | work. They should have the _choice_ to work. As soon as
               | the labor is forced, then it is unacceptable, immoral,
               | and anyone defending it is wrong.
        
               | adewinter wrote:
               | > than pearl-clutching about the universal practice of
               | "forced labor".
               | 
               | So it's because everyone does it that it's "ok", then?
               | 
               | Or because _you_ think it 's better than "rotting in a
               | cell"?
               | 
               | Whatever man. The issue is that the labour is _forced_.
               | Give prisoners a choice to work or not and pay them, at
               | market value, for their work.
               | 
               | If you're against choice and pay for prisoners you really
               | shouldn't be embarrassed to just go ahead and call it
               | what it is: slavery.
        
               | pphysch wrote:
               | The allegation that Xinjiang has prisons and are allowing
               | prisoners to work is almost certainly true. Like
               | virtually every other major economy.
               | 
               | The allegation that the Xinjiang prisoners are actually
               | innocent people being ethnically/religiously cleansed and
               | forced into slavery has extremely little basis in
               | reality, relying completely on claims from a tiny,
               | unaccountable clique of Washington DC based ideologues
               | (Zenz, et al) and ETIM lobbyists (WUC, et al).
               | 
               | However, the article deceptively uses the banal truth of
               | the first allegation as a vehicle to imply that truth of
               | the second, far more extreme allegation. These are
               | classic disinformation methods employed to achieve
               | political agendas.
        
               | random314 wrote:
               | Entire university department professors have been wiped
               | out and sent to prison
               | https://shahit.biz/supp/list_003.pdf
        
               | pphysch wrote:
               | ...According to Radio Free Asia, a literal propaganda arm
               | of the US Government. Yawn.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | kaesar14 wrote:
               | They should be paid market rate for their labor. Why
               | should prison take away your basic financial rights.
               | 
               | Edit: it's disgusting to me that anyone downvoted this.
               | what do you believe, if not that people have a right to
               | the fruits of their labor, even as criminals? believing
               | otherwise is believing in slavery and exploitation.
        
               | willcipriano wrote:
               | It shouldn't also take away from the rights of others.
               | When prison labor is obtained below minimum wage, or
               | under conditions or terms that workers would not accept,
               | you hurt low income workers and drive down their wages in
               | aggregate.
               | 
               | In my opinion, prison labor should only be used for
               | public works. Cleaning up parks and that sort of thing.
               | Giving a captive labor stream to private enterprise is
               | only good for the owners of the select few firms who can
               | take advantage of it.
        
               | adewinter wrote:
               | I agree with the sentiment but it should be pointed out
               | that even public works have to pay their workers at
               | market rates when there are no forced laborers (so: most
               | of the time). Throwing a bunch of forced laborers at
               | public works kind of screws over the average Joe that
               | used to do that for pay.
               | 
               | So, like you say, it shouldn't take away from the rights
               | of others. Just pay the prisoners just like you'd pay any
               | other worker regardless of the kind of job.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | You started a hellish flamewar with this comment. Obviously the
         | topics are serious but internet flamewars about these things
         | are profoundly unserious and not what this site is for. Please
         | take more care in the future, and please use HN in the intended
         | spirit of thoughtful, curious conversation.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
         | 
         | We've detached this subthread from
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28644625.
        
           | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
           | > _You started a hellish flamewar with this comment._
           | 
           | Well, it's clear after the fact, but that was not
           | intentional. You have way more experience monitoring and
           | tracking these threads and therefore predicting what will
           | probably happen than any of the rest of us. I do think it's
           | hypocritical for a government to impose sanctions for doing
           | something (forced prisoner labor) that that government also
           | does with its own prisoners. It would be nice if we could
           | have an honest discussion about our carceral state without
           | people repeatedly leaning into the idea that "convicted of
           | crime"="deserves what they get, but only here and not there".
           | But I understand that there are clearly now many greyed
           | comments under here, so I don't fault you for separating the
           | thread. And I can't predict that it won't happen again, but
           | I'm sorry about bringing what this thread became to your
           | doorstep.
        
       | OldHand2018 wrote:
       | This is an interesting article. It also makes me think that this
       | kind of analysis presents a lot of opportunities.
       | 
       | Take for example the Chinese beef being labeled as premium New
       | Zealand beef and sold for much higher prices in supermarkets. If
       | shoppers can't tell the difference without this analysis, then it
       | implies that the price differential between these two products is
       | larger than it should be.
       | 
       | That specific Chinese beef producer is likely selling his product
       | to a wholesaler at a standard (low) price. It is somewhere else
       | in the supply chain that the mislabeling comes in - and that is
       | the entity that makes the profit. If that beef producer was aware
       | that his beef is selling at a much higher retail price, then he
       | should be selling his product to the wholesaler at a much higher
       | price. What prevents this from happening? Well, knowledge (and a
       | marketing budget). There should be plenty of capital available to
       | solve that problem :)
        
         | fay59 wrote:
         | Meat produced in New Zealand might be more sustainable, or
         | ethically farmed, or have a smaller environmental
         | transportation footprint if you're in New Zealand, than meat
         | from somewhere else. People paying premium for meat may be
         | interested in all of these things--in fact, they may be
         | interested in these things even over the taste of the meat.
        
         | 908B64B197 wrote:
         | > If shoppers can't tell the difference without this analysis,
         | then it implies that the price differential between these two
         | products is larger than it should be.
         | 
         | But their bodies might.
         | 
         | Standards for meat are much higher in New Zealand than in
         | China. I would be curious to have a health inspector take a
         | look at the facilities where the beef was produced and
         | handled...
         | 
         | Let's just say the country isn't new to food safety scandals...
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutter_oil
         | 
         | https://www.businessinsider.com.au/chinese-street-vendors-us...
        
         | stickfigure wrote:
         | The quality of natural products like beef is probabilistic. You
         | might not be able to tell a poor example of a premium product
         | from a good example of a low-end brand. And if you buy
         | infrequently, you might not know what you're missing.
         | 
         | Just because the scam works doesn't mean there isn't a
         | perceptible difference.
        
         | runsWphotons wrote:
         | I don't think it's true it implies the price differential is
         | wrong. Just because you can't tell the difference by consuming
         | it, it doesn't mean there is no difference you should care
         | about.
        
         | jdavis703 wrote:
         | In a lot of cases we can taste the difference. Organic vs.
         | conventional chicken has a different mouthfeel. And Wagyu Beef
         | vs. regular beef also has a similar different feel.
         | 
         | However I also buy free-range organic eggs and milk. I'd have
         | no idea if those products were mislabeled. But it also makes me
         | feel better I'm not contributing to cruel factory farming and
         | antibiotic abuse. If that's not the case, oh well. I did all I
         | could reasonably do aside from going vegan.
        
           | OldHand2018 wrote:
           | You can't pass off non-Wagyu beef as Wagyu beef unless the
           | consumer doesn't know what Wagyu beef is.
           | 
           | I totally disagree with the organic vs conventional chicken
           | argument. I would suggest that the difference you notice is
           | the breed of the chicken.
           | 
           | Organic vs non-organic and free-range vs non-free-range is
           | not something where you'd say that there is an information
           | arbitrage opportunity. The concept was that this analysis
           | could be used to identify opportunity, not that every single
           | instance of label fraud was an opportunity. Sheesh.
        
             | jdavis703 wrote:
             | You could very well be right about chicken breeds. I never
             | thought about different breeds tasting different. I know
             | there are super-sized industrial ones which taste horrible.
             | But what are good small chicken breeds? And would a
             | fancy/organic supermarket butcher be a good source for
             | this?
        
               | OldHand2018 wrote:
               | Those are good questions and I don't know that I can give
               | you good answers. I think the answer would be yes about
               | the butcher.
               | 
               | I just moved out to the "country" and might raise some
               | chickens myself. If so, I'll be doing some research into
               | the breeds that have the best flavor.
        
             | dkarl wrote:
             | It could also be the brine pumped into the non-organic
             | chicken. I don't know if pumping brine into chicken affects
             | its organic status or not, but the organic chickens I see
             | at the store do not have brine or chicken broth listed as
             | ingredients, while the non-organic ones do.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | > If that beef producer was aware that his beef is selling at a
         | much higher retail price, then he should be selling his product
         | to the wholesaler at a much higher price
         | 
         | You can't be a retail beef producer in China boldly claiming to
         | produce New Zealand beef. The value-enhancing fraud has to
         | happen a bit higher up the chain.
         | 
         | > If shoppers can't tell the difference without this analysis
         | 
         | Provenance matters even if the difference is undetectable.
        
         | oh_sigh wrote:
         | I can't tell the difference between leaded and unleaded gas. So
         | it shouldn't matter if I use leaded gas.
        
         | mabub24 wrote:
         | > If shoppers can't tell the difference without this analysis,
         | then it implies that the price differential between these two
         | products is larger than it should be.
         | 
         | Or that the shopper has misplaced trust in the seller/grocery
         | store.
        
       | rapjr9 wrote:
       | From the article: "If the elements in the soil and water of a
       | region work their way into the plants grown there, they also work
       | their way into our bodies when we eat the produce of those
       | plants, or when we eat the meat of animals fed on those plants.
       | We ingest these elements, process them, and use them to build
       | flesh, teeth and bones. So the elements making up our bodies can
       | tell us something about the food we've eaten and the land that
       | supports us."
       | 
       | Seems like the same idea would apply to regional differences in
       | health including mental health. An obvious one would be if the
       | land is high in lead, the people living on it might be more
       | violent. Areas with oil wells are likely affecting air and food
       | quality. Maybe areas with a lot of lithium result in happier
       | people. Western medicine has largely ignored environmental
       | effects. A map of background radiation levels across the world
       | might have an interesting health story to tell as could multi-
       | spectral satellite imagery. Oritain might be sitting on a wealth
       | of very useful health data, unaware of it.
        
         | kiklion wrote:
         | > Western medicine has largely ignored environmental effects.
         | 
         | I wouldn't say they ignored it, instead environmental effects
         | aren't in scope to medicine. If your doctor said 'you live on
         | Long Island so you have a higher chance of breast cancer,
         | combined with your family history, I advise you to sell
         | everything and move your family.' The vast majority of people
         | are going yo ignore that.
         | 
         | Even if you have the means to move, your doctor can't quantify
         | your local ties and relationships in a meaningful way to
         | determine if increased risks from the environment are worth it.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | I want UL certification fraud investigation. Someone should be
       | buying random phone chargers, e-bike batteries, and scooters, and
       | running them through the usual tests. If the certifications are
       | fake, someone should go to jail.
        
       | nitwit005 wrote:
       | Clearly, the next step is to create a fake origin tracing firm.
        
         | ilamont wrote:
         | _Just over a year ago, at least two textile and fiber watchdogs
         | faced scrutiny for their links to the Xinjiang Production and
         | Construction Corps (XPCC), a quasi-military organization that
         | the U.S. government sanctioned in 2020 due to its role in
         | operating mass internment camps and using forced labor in
         | cotton fields._
         | 
         | https://www.axios.com/global-textile-watchdogs-struggled-in-...
        
           | pphysch wrote:
           | Sources: Bethany Allen-Ebrahimian, Darren Byler, and Adrian
           | Zenz.
           | 
           | This should be hilarious to anyone who has been scrutinizing
           | the Xinjiang narratives closely.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | ilamont wrote:
             | _This should be hilarious to anyone who has been
             | scrutinizing the Xinjiang narratives closely._
             | 
             | "Hilarious" is not the reaction that comes to mind.
        
               | pphysch wrote:
               | I think it is, just like I would e.g. characterize an
               | article that sources Mike Pompeo as a neutral expert on
               | Iran as hilariously unserious.
        
         | Nasrudith wrote:
         | That implies a whole other set of dirty tricks available - not
         | only "laundering" products but using it to libel competitors or
         | as a protection racket of sorts. Fungible commodities are a
         | very awkward thing to differentiate, much less trace and
         | proving that there is no basis is hard, especially if there are
         | other counterfeit packagers.
         | 
         | If "Foo Fish" really uses only Pacific Cod but I find a package
         | with Atlantic Cod printed and packed identically how can you
         | prove a disregard for the truth or bad intentions in saying
         | "Foo Fish contains lying mislabeled fish?" I sourced the fish
         | from this store from this wholesaler with the same packaging.
         | 
         | Introducing PPKI could technically help but would be a
         | logistical nightmare and vulnerable to copying.
        
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