[HN Gopher] Lesson of ivermectin: meta-analyses based on summary...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Lesson of ivermectin: meta-analyses based on summary data alone are
       unreliable
        
       Author : 4512124672456
       Score  : 137 points
       Date   : 2021-09-22 13:39 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nature.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nature.com)
        
       | twofornone wrote:
       | The premature smear of potentially effective medications like HCQ
       | and Ivermectin by scientifically illiterate media is
       | unforgivable. Especially in the case of Ivermectin, given that it
       | has one of the most benign safety profiles of any known drug.
       | 
       | There is no excuse. There should have been federally funded
       | widespread trials a year ago, there is no downside. Instead you
       | now have hospitals forbidding off label prescription with threats
       | of termination. None of it makes any sense; people are treating
       | science as though it were a religion, and the safety and efficacy
       | of the vaccines as some sort of core, unquestionable tenet,
       | complete with shaming and excommunication for nonbelievers.
       | 
       | All over a virus which has a complication rate on par with a
       | moderate flu year.
        
         | anoonmoose wrote:
         | I'm glad that you mentioned HCQ. What happened with HCQ? Was it
         | smart that the US bought stockpiles of it, and was it smart for
         | doctors to be prescribing it for treatment of COVID, with a
         | years hindsight?
        
           | twofornone wrote:
           | I think one glaring problem is that two years into the
           | pandemic we still don't know...and given the rigid taboo
           | which has sprung up around HCQ and other treatments, frankly
           | I don't really trust the data. Yes, the initial studies in
           | support of HCQ were low quality, but the primary initial
           | study which the media jumped on to "discredit" HCQ was
           | laughably biased, completely disregarding the early
           | stage/prophylactic dosing recommendations and essentially
           | overdosed terminally ill patients.
           | 
           | The whole thing has been a huge joke.
        
         | burkaman wrote:
         | There is a federally funded widespread trial, but they take a
         | while to do correctly: https://www.nih.gov/research-
         | training/medical-research-initi...
         | 
         | There was also a federally funded trial of hydroxychloroquine
         | last year which has since concluded: https://www.nih.gov/news-
         | events/news-releases/nih-halts-clin...
        
           | sjwalter wrote:
           | And in the meantime, if you buy into the crazed insanity of
           | "pandemic! pandemic! omg we'll all die", then it makes tonnes
           | of sense to treat people with a highly-available, incredibly
           | safe medication that frontline clinicians all over earth are
           | reporting success with, especially a drug that has been dosed
           | ~4 billion times over two generations, that has been most
           | often dosed by illiterate people and delivered by non-doctor
           | NGO workers.
        
             | burkaman wrote:
             | I guess the reason doctors aren't prescribing Ivermectin is
             | that they don't buy into "crazed insanity" and don't feel
             | the need to try anything that might work.
             | 
             | And I can only speak for myself, but the attitude I'm
             | seeing is "a lot of people are dying and we should try to
             | work together as a society to stop that from happening",
             | not "omg we're all gonna die".
        
             | tigershark wrote:
             | Chillies have been used for thousands of years as a
             | medication and they are perfectly safe. You may want to
             | follow the advice of someone else in this thread and shove
             | them up your ass.
             | 
             | For sure they will have less side effects than ivermectin
             | and they have exactly the same chance of curing covid.
             | 
             | And for your information the covid vaccines have been
             | administered 6 billion times, so roughly 50% more than the
             | number that you cited about ivermectin.
        
             | danaris wrote:
             | Penicillin is also a highly-available, incredibly safe
             | medication that's been given billions of times.
             | 
             | It still doesn't make any sense to try giving it to COVID
             | patients, because _there 's no reasonable way it would
             | actually help them_.
             | 
             | Just because a particular medication is unlikely to kill
             | you doesn't mean it's a good idea to promote its use
             | against a particular threat, when that threat is completely
             | unrelated to what the medication actually does. Penicillin
             | is an antibacterial. Ivermectin is an antiparasitic.
             | Neither of these are likely to be helpful against a virus.
        
               | twofornone wrote:
               | There is a known mechanism by which ivermectin is
               | expected to work against covid - it inhibits the protease
               | family of enzymes. Incedentally, Pfizer is developing a
               | new (read: expensive and on patent) covid drug which also
               | happens to work via the same mechanism. So the fact that
               | ivermectin is an antiparasitic is irrelevant, as is the
               | comparison to penicillin.
        
               | flavius29663 wrote:
               | Sorry, but you are wrong. Antibiotics are used in the
               | treatment of severe viral infections, because your body
               | is not able to fight secondary infections with bacteria
               | very well. Antibiotics are given to help your body in
               | cases of bad viral infections. Covid-19 is no exception. 
               | https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS221
               | 4-1...
               | 
               | The point is: there are more mechanisms by which our body
               | can be helped fight covid, and the Ivermectin proponents
               | say that it works only in the early days of the
               | infection, not like a full cure.
               | 
               | There are more ways to fight this disease, you are aware
               | that the virus itself is not what's killing most people,
               | right? Most people die because their body overreacts to
               | the virus and damages the lungs (that is why standard
               | treatment includes steroids to calm down the antibodies).
               | A drug doesn't have to kill off the virus to win.
               | 
               | I have no idea if Ivermectin is helpful or not, but the
               | trashing in the media (even calling it horse dewormer -
               | while it's a human drug as well) before there is any
               | proof against it is just bad, it makes me think there are
               | ulterior motives for this.
        
               | anshorei wrote:
               | Ivermectin has research going back to the mid-2000's
               | showing it has anti-viral properties.
               | 
               | EDIT: Thought I'd come across a study indicating that
               | from 2006, but I can't seem to find it. Let's settle on
               | mid 2010's instead because the point is mostly that there
               | was research showing anti-viral properties before the
               | pandemic started, and therefore it was a very logical
               | thing for frontline doctors to try on their patients.
        
         | tehjoker wrote:
         | "How the coronavirus infects cells -- and why Delta is so
         | dangerous"
         | 
         | https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02039-y
         | 
         | "The virus then ejects its genome directly into the cell. By
         | invading in this spring-loaded manner, SARS-CoV-2 infects
         | faster than SARS-CoV and avoids being trapped in endosomes,
         | according to work published in April by Barclay and her
         | colleagues at Imperial College London9.
         | 
         | The virus's speedy entry using TMPRSS2 explains why the malaria
         | drug chloroquine didn't work in clinical trials as a COVID-19
         | treatment, despite early promising studies in the lab10. Those
         | turned out to have used cells that rely exclusively on
         | cathepsins for endosomal entry. "When the virus transmits and
         | replicates in the human airway, it doesn't use endosomes, so
         | chloroquine, which is an endosomal disrupting drug, is not
         | effective in real life," says Barclay."
        
       | lez wrote:
       | Looking at the greyed out comments it seems HN is not pro, but
       | against scientific debate. Questioning science IS part of the
       | scientific method.
       | 
       | https://c19ivermectin.com/ is a very adequate counter-argument to
       | the article, and it's unfair to the whole scientific community
       | that comments are greyed out that mention it.
        
       | cyounkins wrote:
       | There is a lot of confusion on whether there actually was a
       | significant increase in calls to poison control centers due to
       | ingestion of ivermectin.
       | 
       | This [1] official Mississippi government document says, "At least
       | 70% of the recent calls have been related to ingestion of
       | livestock or animal formulations of ivermectin purchased at
       | livestock supply centers."
       | 
       | But then the AP [2] seemed to say that was incorrect: "The
       | Associated Press erroneously reported based on information
       | provided by the Mississippi Department of Health that 70% of
       | recent calls to the Mississippi Poison Control Center were from
       | people who had ingested ivermectin to try to treat COVID-19.
       | State Epidemiologist Dr. Paul Byers said Wednesday the number of
       | calls to poison control about ivermectin was about 2%. He said of
       | the calls that were about ivermectin, 70% were by people who had
       | ingested the veterinary version of the medicine."
       | 
       | Does anyone have additional clarification?
       | 
       | [1] https://msdh.ms.gov/msdhsite/_static/resources/15400.pdf
       | 
       | [2] https://www.sfgate.com/news/amp/Health-Dept-Stop-taking-
       | live...
        
         | tedunangst wrote:
         | There was an absurd rush to report that ivermectin is bad that
         | resulted in a pretty bad breakdown of the fact checking
         | process. A lot of semi-adjacent facts and statements got
         | merged. A hospital is full and a hospital treated someone for
         | overdose became all the hospitals are filled with overdose
         | victims.
         | 
         | (I think eating horse paste is dumb, but that doesn't excuse
         | rolling stone lying about the consequences of doing so.)
        
         | burkaman wrote:
         | The sources agree, look at the bullet point above the one you
         | quoted.
         | 
         | * The Mississippi Poison Control Center has received an
         | increasing number of calls from individuals with potential
         | ivermectin exposure taken to treat or prevent COVID-19
         | infection.
         | 
         | * At least 70% of the recent calls have been related to
         | ingestion of livestock or animal formulations of ivermectin
         | purchased at livestock supply centers.
         | 
         | So, 70% of "calls from individuals with potential ivermectin
         | exposure" were "related to ingestion of livestock or animal
         | formulations of ivermectin", which is what the AP's correction
         | says.
        
           | cyounkins wrote:
           | Ah, I see now. "the recent calls" refers only to calls about
           | ivermectin, not ALL recent calls.
           | 
           | Still, the AP misunderstood as well, misreported it, and
           | later issued a correction. Before the correction, it was
           | syndicated by many news outlets like New York Times. I think
           | most people are unaware of the important correction.
        
       | eigengrau5150 wrote:
       | I've suspected that for years. I remember my undergrad biology
       | prof coming down on students depending on meta-analysis and
       | insisting they were no substitute for attempting to replicate the
       | experiments themselves.
        
         | simonh wrote:
         | Ok you replicate the original study. Presumably you want to use
         | this new result to increase your statistical power compared to
         | the original result, combining the results of the two
         | studies.... which... is.. er... meta analysis.
         | 
         | The whole point of meta analysis is that you have multiple
         | studies of the same experiment.
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | that doesn't make scientific sense. Replicating the original
         | experiment and doing a meta-analysis have two completely
         | different goals. I would have argued that back to the professor
         | (and been right).
        
           | gorwell wrote:
           | How useful is meta analysis if half or more of the
           | experiments don't replicate? As we increasingly discover with
           | the replication crisis.
        
             | dekhn wrote:
             | I said they had different goals, not that they don't
             | overlap.
             | 
             | If you're in a class teaching medical studies, and you tell
             | people "go replicate the original experiment instead of
             | doing meta analysis", you're doing your students a
             | disservice.
             | 
             | Instead say: "It's always important to be able to replicate
             | experiments and I encourage everybody in the class who is
             | going on to do science or medicine spend at least some time
             | in the lab replicating a basic experiment. But medical
             | studies are so large and complicated that we can't
             | typically repeat them in a reproducible way. Instead, we
             | use statistics and probability to make reasonable decisions
             | based on the data we have. Sometimes that means removing a
             | suspect paper from a meta-analysis because we lack
             | confidence in its reproducibility."
             | 
             | For some of the most sophisticated medical science
             | experiments we have today, the only way to replicate an
             | experiment is to be a postdoc and join the lab that does
             | the research, master the technique there, then take your
             | reagents and other material to your professor job, and then
             | get your local set up to replicate what you did in the
             | original lab. This is how it normally works, for example in
             | labs like Mina Bissell's where few people in the work even
             | have the skills to replicate her experiments.
        
             | dekhn wrote:
             | Medical studies can't be replicated in experiments. They
             | are almost always one-shot. That's not how medical studies
             | (that we do meta analysis) work. It's too expensive and too
             | complicated.
        
             | buescher wrote:
             | Bingo. Also the problem with meta-analysis of certain kinds
             | of studies (say, observational ones) is the file-drawer
             | effect: people don't report negative results. So you can go
             | from a bunch of studies that show an effect (usually small)
             | at marginal statistical significance to a meta-analysis
             | that shows very high statistical significance when there is
             | really no effect there.
             | 
             | I don't think we have to worry about the file-drawer effect
             | much with controversial COVID treatments, though. Do you?
        
           | marcodiego wrote:
           | Hmmm... How about meta-analysis considering only results that
           | were successfully replicated?
           | 
           | Why not consider an index that is higher with the number of
           | successful replications and lower of number of replication
           | tries?
        
       | ndr wrote:
       | Mind that this is correspondence, not a peer reviewed paper.
       | 
       | For what is worth most meta-study will check if they reach the
       | same results leaving-n out (typically one), but I agree that they
       | could do much better accessing the underlying data itself.
        
       | rory wrote:
       | Ivermectin probably doesn't do anything to fight Covid-19, but
       | the American media has really shown their corruption in the way
       | they've treated it.
       | 
       | It's clearly a safe drug to take in human-designed doses, and
       | it's cheap to produce. Laughing at people for poisoning
       | themselves with "horse dewormer" instead of pointing out that
       | they are turning to the vet store because their access to
       | medicine has been marginalized is sick.
       | 
       | And maybe it does help, I don't know. Unproven != disproven.
        
         | soperj wrote:
         | Their access to the vaccine hasn't been marginalized.
        
         | tootie wrote:
         | On The Media did a really good segment with a journalist from
         | Mother Jones of all places. She broke down the rise of
         | Ivermectin and the whiplash response to demonize it even when,
         | as you say, it is safe for human consumption and had at least
         | some positive in vitro test results. As much as it is not
         | worthy of being recommended as a treatment, it's unlikely to be
         | harmful and has/had at least a slim chance of working.
         | 
         | https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/otm/segments/how-iverme...
        
           | rualca wrote:
           | > As much as it is not worthy of being recommended as a
           | treatment, it's unlikely to be harmful and has/had at least a
           | slim chance of working.
           | 
           | Keep in mind that Ivermectin is being pushed within
           | antivaxers circles as a prophylactic and the true COVID-19
           | cure, in contrast with all COVID-19 vaccines and even mask
           | mandates.
           | 
           | Thus it's false to claim that this push towards Ivermectin is
           | harmless as, at best, it's pushed as a placebo that empowers
           | vulnerable people to catch and spread the disease, which
           | ultimately means they are harming themselves and everyone
           | around them.
        
             | tootie wrote:
             | That's not the argument though. Listen to the segment.
             | Giving people false hope and baseless medical advice is one
             | thing, but the anti-ivermectin crowd was going overboard
             | including amplifying specious stories about rampant
             | ivermectin poisoning. Ivermectin is absolutely prescribed
             | to humans for some conditions and is being actively studied
             | as an anti-viral agent against other illnesses (notably
             | dengue and yellow fever). Doctors can prescribe it to
             | patients unable to be vaccinated within their discretion.
             | The debate here is that you can't counter one form of
             | misinformation with your own or else nobody is credible.
        
               | rualca wrote:
               | > That's not the argument though.
               | 
               | It's not the argument? It is a statement of fact. There
               | is no way around it. Consuming a placebo to subsequently
               | validate and provide incentives to put yourself and
               | others at risk is the whole reason why Ivermectin poses a
               | major problem. No one complains that people take
               | paracetamol even though it is not effective at reducing
               | Covid19 spread. Why is that?
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | It matters a _lot_ if ivermectin doesn 't do anything to stop
         | C19, even if it is otherwise safe (it surely is, dosed
         | professionally). People take ivermectin instead of vaccinating
         | or complying with NPIs. If ivermectin doesn't work, that is a
         | very, very big deal.
        
           | rory wrote:
           | > _People take ivermectin instead of vaccinating or complying
           | with NPIs_
           | 
           | Doing one thing but not another doesn't imply you're doing
           | one thing _instead of_ another.
           | 
           | Do you truly believe the people ODing on ivermectin would be
           | lining up for vaccinations if it didn't exist?
        
             | threecheese wrote:
             | One doesn't imply the other, but it is certainly happening.
             | People are using (being led to use) ivermectin as a
             | prophylactic against covid, an alternative to the vaccine.
        
             | myrmidon wrote:
             | Lining up? Not necessarily.
             | 
             | But it seems almost certain to me that at least some people
             | feel safe thanks to taking ivermectin (while distrusting
             | mainstream vaccines), and those people _would_ turn
             | eventually to the vaccines if those were the only perceived
             | path towards C19 safety.
        
               | rory wrote:
               | Perhaps on the margin some would, but I suspect most
               | would fall into the "natural immunity" camp.
               | 
               | So in my mind, we need to weigh the damage done by
               | blocking safe ivermectin use for some number of people to
               | the damage done by a much-smaller number of people
               | remaining unvaccinated when they otherwise would get the
               | jab.
               | 
               | Seems like it could go either way depending on your
               | specific assumptions.
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | I don't know what this is supposed to mean, but a close
             | family member took ivermectin instead of being vaccinated,
             | and caught a serious case.
        
               | rory wrote:
               | It's pretty simple: had ivermectin not existed, would
               | that person have gotten vaccinated?
        
         | ashtonkem wrote:
         | People are literally taking horse formulations of ivermectin
         | because doctors are rightfully refusing to prescribe ivermectin
         | for an off label and ineffective use.
         | 
         | Oh, and the access to this medicine is "marginalized" BECAUSE
         | IT DOESNT WORK TO TREAT COVID. We generally do not expect
         | doctors to prescribe medicine that will not work or is not
         | appropriate for the patients condition. Complaining about their
         | access being marginalized is like complaining that my doctor is
         | marginalizing my access to Ketamine because I don't need it.
         | 
         | It's not "corruption" to point that out.
        
           | brandonmenc wrote:
           | > People are literally taking horse formulations of
           | ivermectin
           | 
           | People are taking the horse formulation because most
           | pharmacists won't even _fill_ an off-label prescription for
           | the drug, which - even if it has no effect on COVID - is safe
           | and taken by a quarter billion people every year.
           | 
           | Let people take it. It's not harmful.
           | 
           | Or, make a big huge deal about people taking it and, well,
           | then it becomes a big huge deal.
        
             | vernie wrote:
             | Is that really the reason or is it that they can't get a
             | doctor to write them an off-label prescription?
        
               | brandonmenc wrote:
               | It's probably both, but why would a doctor risk losing
               | their license over this? Yet another unintended
               | consequence. Doctors are supposed to be able to write
               | prescriptions for off-label use.
        
               | sgt101 wrote:
               | If they have reason to believe that it's beneficial. If
               | they don't then they are being reckless.
        
               | cableshaft wrote:
               | A friend of mine found a doctor to prescribe it but his
               | pharmacy won't fill it. He is so pissed.
               | 
               | He was only planning to take small doses here or there as
               | he's a teacher and around sick kids all the time, as if
               | it were like Zinc to hopefully help reduce the severity
               | of Covid-19 if he does get it, but despite going through
               | the effort and succeeding in finding a doctor willing to
               | prescribe it (and my friend even signed a document saying
               | he understands it's an experimental treatment and will
               | assume any risks), his local CVS is refusing to fill it.
               | 
               | My opinion is if you can get a proper doctor to prescribe
               | it (by proper doctor I mean none of this "I got a medical
               | exemption for wearing a mask from my Chiropractor"
               | bullshit like is going on in Florida), a pharmacy
               | shouldn't be allowed to decide not to fill it, as if they
               | know better than your doctor.
        
               | mint2 wrote:
               | Is your friend vaccinated?
        
               | ashtonkem wrote:
               | > pharmacy shouldn't be allowed to decide not to fill it,
               | as if they know better than your doctor.
               | 
               | It sounds like you have a pretty misguided idea of how
               | pharmacies and pharmacists worked before Covid. You're
               | describing a situation where pharmacists act at the
               | behest of doctors who know best, when in reality
               | pharmacists have always had some level of independent
               | authority over what drugs get dispensed to whom thanks to
               | their expertise. It's part of the pharmacists job to
               | watch out for bad prescriptions, both in terms of abuse
               | (e.g. opioids) improper dosages, and unintended side
               | effects and interactions between drugs. In some states
               | pharmacists have their own ability to prescribe medicine
               | on their own.
               | 
               | I'm not sure exactly how much control a pharmacist should
               | have over whether a valid prescription is filled, but the
               | idea that they're only expected to blindly fulfill the
               | order of your doctor is not correct, and never was. In
               | fact, they probably know more about the drugs you're
               | prescribed than your doctor does, as that's their entire
               | speciality. (Especially given the long and sordid history
               | of doctors pushing drugs on the basis of pharmaceutical
               | sales reps, doctors often actually know very little about
               | what they prescribe).
        
               | nobody9999 wrote:
               | >t sounds like you have a pretty misguided idea of how
               | pharmacies and pharmacists worked before Covid. You're
               | describing a situation where pharmacists act at the
               | behest of doctors who know best, when in reality
               | pharmacists have always had some level of independent
               | authority over what drugs get dispensed to whom thanks to
               | their expertise. It's part of the pharmacists job to
               | watch out for bad prescriptions, both in terms of abuse
               | (e.g. opioids) improper dosages, and unintended side
               | effects and interactions between drugs. In some states
               | pharmacists have their own ability to prescribe medicine
               | on their own.
               | 
               | Absolutely. I had to fire my doctor after he prescribed a
               | sulfa drug to me, even though I'd made it clear that I
               | have an allergy to sulfa drugs.
               | 
               | In fact, I would never have known (well, until I became
               | sick/dead) that the drug prescribed was a sulfa drug if
               | the pharmacist hadn't known the drug involved and checked
               | it against known allergies. He contacted both me and my
               | doctor and a different drug was prescribed.
               | 
               | In fact, it's entirely possible that I'm alive today
               | thanks to the expertise and knowledge of the pharmacist.
        
               | julianz wrote:
               | This "friend of yours" should probably get vaccinated
               | then, because we know that works pretty well.
        
               | snovv_crash wrote:
               | The pharmacy probably doesn't want any liability so it's
               | easier to just blanket-ban 'fad' medicine.
               | 
               | And we make fun of the Chinese using rhino horn for
               | erectile disfunction...
        
               | threeseed wrote:
               | > pharmacy shouldn't be allowed to decide not to fill it,
               | as if they know better than your doctor
               | 
               | They are legally required to make decisions about whether
               | or not to fill it.
               | 
               | They are not just some supermarket cashier.
        
             | sgt101 wrote:
             | I get where you are coming from, but I think that there is
             | a nuance that you have missed. Like many, many drugs - and
             | vaccines - ivemectin has some unpleasant and dangerous side
             | effects in some people rarely. You can see these if you
             | look the drug up
             | :https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/ivermectin-oral-
             | ta... for example.
             | 
             | The point is that if this drug did help people make it
             | through covid (like the vaccines do) then it would be worth
             | the risk of these horrible things happening - if they were
             | rare (they are). But unfortunately it looks like this is
             | not true, so people are taking a risk of having a horrid
             | side effect with no chance of the pill working.
             | 
             | On the other hand if you take the pill to avoid river
             | blindness then the risk of the side effect seems well worth
             | taking to me. But not for covid - 0 benefit for 0.001 risk
             | is not good trade.
        
               | brandonmenc wrote:
               | All of this is for the patient and their doctor to
               | decide.
               | 
               | Not the pharmacist. Not the FDA.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | They're [often] using the horse formulation _because
               | their doctor said no_.
        
               | angelzen wrote:
               | This is such a hypothetical. How many people got
               | ivermectin against their doctor prescription, and how
               | many got adverse effects from that? 1 in 100M?
        
               | ABeeSea wrote:
               | Farm supply stores are out of stock from idiots buying
               | livestock formation. Some are now requiring proof of
               | horse ownership to buy it.
               | 
               | https://www.google.com/amp/s/news.yahoo.com/amphtml/vegas
               | -st...
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | Who said anything about adverse effects?
        
               | angelzen wrote:
               | GGP: ivemectin has some unpleasant and dangerous side
               | effects in some people rarely. [...] people are taking a
               | risk of having a horrid side effect with no chance of the
               | pill working.
               | 
               | GP: All of this is for the patient and their doctor to
               | decide.
               | 
               | P: They're [often] using the horse formulation because
               | their doctor said no.
               | 
               | X: How many got the horse formulation and how many got
               | adverse effects from [horse formulation]?
               | 
               | C: Who said anything about adverse effects?
               | 
               | It this human brain on Twitter? We can't possibly read 4
               | short stanzas in a row and keep the context?
        
               | sgt101 wrote:
               | I agree about the pharmacist - but the drug regulator
               | really does have to have a role. There is a serious
               | information imbalance between patients and doctors and
               | both big pharma and lunatic talkshow host millionaries.
               | Regulation is important to help prevent junk getting
               | pushed into kids arms to make bastards money. It's not
               | perfect and they get a lot wrong, but without it you and
               | I are at the mercy of some very mercy short people.
        
               | threeseed wrote:
               | Pharmacists are not there to blindly dispense drugs.
               | 
               | They have a legal and moral obligation to understand how
               | those drugs are going to be used and whether the patient
               | is at risk for taking them.
        
               | rualca wrote:
               | > All of this is for the patient and their doctor to
               | decide.
               | 
               | > Not the pharmacist. Not the FDA.
               | 
               | In case you don't know,the FDA is the US regulatory body
               | whose mission is to " [protect] the public health by
               | ensuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and
               | veterinary drugs, biological products, and medical
               | devices;"
               | 
               | In the US, doctors only prescribe drugs that have been
               | verified by the FDA, and pharmacists only distribute
               | drugs approved by the FDA.
               | 
               | If not the FDA, who do you think is responsible in the US
               | to ensure a drug works and is safe?
               | 
               | The FDA is pretty much the US instition devoted to anti-
               | quackery and anti-fraud. Why is this a problem?
        
             | cma wrote:
             | > is safe and taken by a quarter billion people every year.
             | 
             | Usually yearly or bi-yearly. Not bi-weekly. There is much
             | less safety data on doses that frequent.
        
               | brandonmenc wrote:
               | > There is much less safety data on doses that frequent.
               | 
               | You can say the same thing about COVID boosters.
        
               | snovv_crash wrote:
               | And yet there is a wealth of data on both the safety and
               | the efficacy of covid vaccines, and there is also a
               | wealth of data on the effects of getting covid.
               | 
               | So why are people going for something without any data?
        
               | 8note wrote:
               | There is some data though, such as it causeing your
               | intestinal lining to strip off and look like worms in
               | your poo
        
             | threeseed wrote:
             | > is safe and taken by a quarter billion people every year
             | 
             | When taken in dosages that have been determined based on
             | extensive studies and research.
             | 
             | This doesn't apply to COVID so it is completely responsible
             | for them not to supply it.
        
             | heavyset_go wrote:
             | It's not a placebo pill, it's an active medication that has
             | effects on the body and undergoes metabolism. Ivermectin
             | inhibits cytochrome P450, which the majority of
             | prescription and OTC drugs are metabolized by.
             | 
             | Administration of a P450 inhibitor will cause the levels of
             | other medications in a person's blood to rise, and will
             | cause some prodrugs to be ineffective due to reduced
             | metabolism.
             | 
             | I can't even walk into a doctors' office and get prescribed
             | Singulair, an allergy medication, without giving them a
             | reason to believe that I need it. And if I was a doctor,
             | I'd err on the side of caution, as well, when it comes to
             | prescribing things I don't think my hypothetical patients
             | need. Not only is it a question of ethics, it's also a
             | question of legal liability and keeping a license to
             | practice.
        
             | swader999 wrote:
             | Ivermectin from horse paste cleared up all of my long covid
             | symptoms except for lung inflammation which prednisone
             | fixed after the ivm. Pretty incredible. Felt better after a
             | few hours and after each subsequent daily dose of five
             | total.
             | 
             | A lot of the studies don't seem to be using enough doses or
             | they use too low of a dose. I was at .06g/kg body weight
             | per dose. Also you need to take it with zinq!
        
               | dhimes wrote:
               | Did you self-medicate, or were you under the direction of
               | a medical doctor?
        
               | swader999 wrote:
               | My doctor told me to wait it out, anywhere up to twelve
               | more months. Yes, I self medicated. Suicide would have
               | been my other choice had I not had Ivermectin - felt like
               | I was slowly dying to begin with. It was very
               | debilitating and impossible to work.
        
               | shapefrog wrote:
               | You should take at lest 1g/kg daily for a month to clear
               | up the lung inflamation.
        
               | threeseed wrote:
               | HN should delete this post and probably your account.
               | 
               | You are actively encouraging people to get on a path that
               | ends up in overdose and death.
        
               | swader999 wrote:
               | It has a safer profile than Tylenol, Advil and Asprin.
        
               | symlinkk wrote:
               | "Apple is evil for adding CSAM checks, imagine if a
               | totalitarian government used that to silence people"
               | 
               | "You should be permanently silenced for suggesting a
               | medical drug"
               | 
               | Are you feeling any cognitive dissonance?
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | aantix wrote:
           | What am I missing?
           | 
           | https://ivmmeta.com/#rct
           | 
           | Evaluation of Ivermectin as a Potential Treatment for Mild to
           | Moderate COVID-19: A Double-BlindRandomized Placebo
           | Controlled Trial in Eastern India
           | 
           | https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/jpps/index.php/JPPS/art.
           | ..
           | 
           | Ivermectin in combination with doxycycline for treating
           | COVID-19 symptoms: a randomized trial
           | 
           | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/030006052110135.
           | ..
           | 
           | Ivermectin shows clinical benefits in mild to moderate
           | COVID19: a randomized controlled double-blind, dose-response
           | study in Lagos
           | 
           | https://academic.oup.com/qjmed/advance-
           | article/doi/10.1093/q...
        
           | buu700 wrote:
           | In fairness, I see no reason why anyone should be blocked
           | from buying any drug they want, whether it be ivermectin or
           | heroin. The consequence of this restriction is that a subset
           | of the prospective customers will settle for a potentially
           | (more) dangerous alternative source, whether that be horse
           | formulations or black market heroin cut with fentanyl.
           | 
           | It's also a valid point that unproven and disproven aren't
           | equivalent. While I don't think anyone should take medical
           | advice from political sources or for political reasons
           | (therefore, as far as I'm aware, the well studied vaccines
           | should be preferred to ivermectin by the vast majority of
           | people at this time), I do think that it should be anyone's
           | right to have full bodily autonomy and make whatever choices
           | they want. Mainstream consensus is wrong often enough, e.g.
           | the disastrous food pyramid that contributed to today's
           | obesity epidemic.
           | 
           | I agree with the thrust of your point that the idea that
           | there's some kind of widespread anti-Republican medical
           | discrimination or corruption going on is silly. Just pointing
           | out that how things currently are is not how they ought to
           | be, and that this situation is arguably just a subset of the
           | widely reviled War on Drugs.
        
             | rory wrote:
             | (As the GP) I really appreciate and generally agree with
             | your perspective, but:
             | 
             | > _the idea that there 's some kind of widespread anti-
             | Republican medical discrimination or corruption going on_
             | 
             | is a total mischaracterization of what I was saying. In
             | fact, it's essentially pulled from thin air.
             | 
             | The corruption of the news media is in their choice to mock
             | and literally laugh at people sick from veterinary iver
             | because kicking the out-group is popular with their
             | audience (read $$). They do this instead of explaining (in
             | a meaningful way) how we got here, and what steps we can
             | take to make the situation better.
        
               | ashtonkem wrote:
               | > The corruption of the news media is in their choice to
               | mock and literally laugh at people sick from veterinary
               | iver because kicking the out-group is popular with their
               | audience (read $$). They do this instead of explaining
               | (in a meaningful way) how we got here, and what steps we
               | can take to make the situation better.
               | 
               | The idea that this is somehow the media's fault for not
               | being sufficiently patient and understanding with the
               | ivermectin crowd is actually quite pathetic. Stop
               | infantilizing these people; they are adults with their
               | own agency. Their bad decisions are not the fault of the
               | media[0].
               | 
               | 0 - Especially since this crowd was shouting "fake news"
               | for years. How exactly is the media going to convince a
               | bunch of people who are convinced that they're liars?
        
               | titzer wrote:
               | It's just more blame game. Who you blame is who you hate.
               | Racists blame black people for being poor, anti-abortion
               | activists blame women for being "promiscuous", coastals
               | blame red staters for being stupid backwoods yokels, red
               | staters blame ivy tower socialists or immigrants,
               | liberals blame rich people, socialists blame
               | corporations, conservatives blame government, Islamic
               | terrorists blame the great Satan, on and on.
               | 
               | Hate = blame
               | 
               | Love = forgiveness
               | 
               | Listen and see whom people blame and that's who they
               | hate. See who they apologize for and that's who they
               | love.
               | 
               | Been that way since forever.
        
               | dhimes wrote:
               | ...And: What you hate tends to be what you don't
               | understand. Also since forever.
        
               | buu700 wrote:
               | _is a total mischaracterization of what I was saying. In
               | fact, it 's essentially pulled from thin air._
               | 
               | You did refer to "marginalization" of (Republicans')
               | access to medicine. It was unclear whether you were only
               | referring to the effect of well established federal drug
               | policy and standards of the medical industry or a more
               | specific/deliberate marginalization effort.
               | 
               |  _The corruption of the news media is in their choice to
               | mock and literally laugh [...]_
               | 
               | Ah, well I'm not aware of that, but that may be because I
               | typically rely more on text-based media than video.
        
           | abxnlk wrote:
           | First of all, trying out random substances or applying
           | existing medicines to different illnesses is _exactly_ how
           | doctors and the pharma industry operate.
           | 
           | It's not like doctors actually always understand what is
           | going on; for example, I think even the _precise mechanism of
           | anesthetics_ isn 't well understood yet.
           | 
           | So people volunteer to test a human approved drug for a
           | different application. I don't believe in Ivermectin
           | specifically, but there's nothing fundamentally wrong with
           | that. It's what medicine does, and most researchers at
           | universities don't have a clue either (as we now see in the
           | entire Covid19 comedy).
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | > First of all, trying out random substances or applying
             | existing medicines to different illnesses is exactly how
             | doctors and the pharma industry operate.
             | 
             | Sure, but with methodology and metrics to allow the
             | separation of actual effects from placebo, and in some
             | cases even just enough methodology to be able to measure
             | anything at all.
        
           | rory wrote:
           | Although it has more dangers than ivermectin, why shouldn't
           | you have access to ketamine if you feel it helps you? A lot
           | of people believe it has off-label benefits for their mental
           | health, and maybe it does.
           | 
           | Perhaps we just have different general perspectives on the
           | individual and society.
        
             | dionian wrote:
             | I suspect most people would disagree, and I think I might
             | too, but it's curious to examine the arguments and
             | justifications for disagreeing
        
             | shapefrog wrote:
             | Why not all drugs of all types. Why call it an opiod crisis
             | and not just here is what happens when you give everyone
             | whatever drugs they hear on the internet make you feel
             | good?
             | 
             | First you deny someone ivermectin, next minute you are
             | saying only 1 oxycotin with your beer.
        
               | rory wrote:
               | The important difference between these drugs is that
               | opiates are incredibly addictive, while ketamine is less
               | addictive than tobacco or alcohol. Ivermectin isn't
               | addictive at all.
               | 
               | Ironically, the opioid crisis is caused far more by
               | people's trust in mainstream medicine than by any
               | internet fad.
        
               | shapefrog wrote:
               | > people's trust in mainstream medicine
               | 
               | Mainstream medicine says it is incredibly addictive with
               | an incredibly low lethal dose.
               | 
               | People like to get high, a lot. Probably second only to
               | triggering the libs / whatever the lib version is.
        
               | rory wrote:
               | > _In the late 1990s, pharmaceutical companies reassured
               | the medical community that patients would not become
               | addicted to opioid pain relievers and healthcare
               | providers began to prescribe them at greater rates._
               | 
               | > _Increased prescription of opioid medications led to
               | widespread misuse of both prescription and non-
               | prescription opioids before it became clear that these
               | medications could indeed be highly addictive._
               | 
               | I assumed this was well-known.
               | 
               | https://www.hhs.gov/opioids/about-the-epidemic/index.html
        
               | shapefrog wrote:
               | > _The Opium Wars were two wars waged between the Qing
               | dynasty and Western powers in the mid-19th century._
               | 
               | I assumed this was well-known.
        
           | xdennis wrote:
           | In some countries they give free needles to heroin addicts.
           | Why do they care about harm there but for ivermectin they
           | "force" the misinformed people to take the horse paste form?
        
             | JohnWhigham wrote:
             | Because half the country and the mainstream media would
             | rather revel in laughter at those people than help them.
             | They rationalize it as them being too dumb to take the
             | vaccine instead of probing why exactly people are so
             | distrustful of massive conglomerates that can't be held
             | responsible in any way for any side effects their products
             | may cause.
             | 
             | The culture wars have fucked this country hard.
        
         | davidw wrote:
         | The actual vaccine is free, though.
         | 
         | Edit: we can talk plenty about how bad the US health care
         | system is, but in this case, the actual vaccine, that does a
         | fantastic job of protecting people from COVID, is free in that
         | you don't have to spend a dime out of pocket.
        
           | swader999 wrote:
           | If you pay my taxes it is.
        
         | p1necone wrote:
         | There's thousands of safe medications that probably do nothing
         | to stop covid. Just because one of them has been latched on to
         | by right wing nutjobs doesn't mean it makes any sense for
         | people to take that over the stuff that's actually been shown
         | to help.
        
         | VikingCoder wrote:
         | > Unproven != disproven.
         | 
         | How many people have been convinced by the supposed
         | effectiveness of Ivermectin and Hydroxychloroquine that they
         | then decided to not get vaccinated?
         | 
         | It's really not as simple as "unproven != disproven".
        
           | rajin444 wrote:
           | How many people were convinced of the "95+%" effectiveness of
           | the vaccine only to learn that it fades? Why weren't they
           | told it would fade up front?
        
             | robbiep wrote:
             | Firstly, it wasn't at all clear how quickly antibody levels
             | would fall, because the data wasn't available. But it was
             | clear to _everybody with scientific literacy_ that antibody
             | levels would fall over time, because that's how immune
             | responses work.
             | 
             | What's been fascinating about the data arising from Pfizer,
             | moderne and astra Zeneca dosing intervals is that it seems
             | quite likely that the spacing is quite to highly
             | responsible for this rather than something inherent to the
             | formulation which is adding to our body of evidence and
             | understanding
        
           | SnowProblem wrote:
           | In my estimation, probably fewer than authorities think.
           | 
           | US Census collect data on reasons for vaccine hesitancy [1].
           | #1 and #3 are distrust - of vaccines and of government -
           | which anecdotally matches my network. If that's the case,
           | then we should expect that mischaracterizing treatments to
           | promote vaccines [2] would not be very effective, and most
           | Western countries now are leveling off fairly low in their
           | vaccination rates [3]. But rather than more honesty, we're
           | getting more mandates.
           | 
           | I think Dr. John's Cambell's position, of honest assessment,
           | would have been better as the official position [4]. It's
           | hard to imagine how trust could be regained now though
           | without some sort of reckoning.
           | 
           | 1. https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/
           | ho...
           | 
           | 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_gndsUjgPYo
           | 
           | 3. https://youtu.be/hVtX7tY1B0U?t=210
           | 
           | 4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eO9cjy3Rydc&t=600
        
         | x86_64Ubuntu wrote:
         | The vaccine is free, so I'm confused about where you get that
         | this is an access issue.
        
         | shrubble wrote:
         | Incidentally, approximately 11 to 14% of the USA population has
         | pinworms, which can be easily stopped by ivermectin. Given the
         | very high level of safety of ivermectin, it might make sense to
         | make it easier to get on this basis alone.
        
           | buescher wrote:
           | I can't sell you ivermectin, but I CAN sell you pinworms, and
           | then you can go to your doctor...
        
         | shadowgovt wrote:
         | How many users have been taking it in human-designed doses,
         | given that it's not generally prescribed for COVID-19 (and
         | therefore those who are taking it for that purpose are mostly
         | self-medicating)?
        
           | buescher wrote:
           | Fortunately for me, I know next to nothing about ivermectin,
           | except that the American left is very, very concerned people
           | might be taking it, and I don't know of anyone actually
           | taking it that doesn't have a radio show or podcast. So in my
           | ignorance I would guess very few people are actually taking
           | it and a lot of people are talking about it.
        
             | davidw wrote:
             | People are turning up in hospitals because they've OD'd on
             | it.
        
               | swader999 wrote:
               | No they aren't. All of those reports have been retracted.
        
               | davidw wrote:
               | https://news.ohsu.edu/2021/09/17/five-oregonians-
               | hospitalize... doesn't look retracted to me.
               | 
               | Only stands to reason that if people are taking it kind
               | of randomly, a few are going to screw up and take too
               | much.
        
               | swader999 wrote:
               | Probably ingested the pour on treatment or one of the
               | brands that mix other active ingredients that you don't
               | want.
        
             | jdsfighter wrote:
             | Alternate data point, I live in one of the major cities in
             | Oklahoma. I work for a mostly blue collar shop. The
             | overwhelming majority of our workers are unvaccinated, and
             | I'd say a large fraction of them are very vocal about their
             | use of ivermectin.
        
           | input_sh wrote:
           | There's a right-wing group prescribing it: https://en.m.wikip
           | edia.org/wiki/America%27s_Frontline_Doctor...
           | 
           | They're also the ones that pushed Hydroxychloroquine, have
           | connections to the Tea Party, that "demon semen" lady Trump
           | endorsed is associated with them, and they had their leader
           | and their chief of communication arrested due to their
           | participation in Jan 6th.
           | 
           | They're also the reason you'll see Joe Rogan now spreading
           | ivermectin bullshit.
        
             | tzs wrote:
             | They've also been selling telemedicine consultations to
             | prescribe ivermectin, taking the money, and then not
             | delivering the consultation [1]. They are a straight up
             | scam posing as a charity.
             | 
             | [1] https://time.com/6092368/americas-frontline-doctors-
             | covid-19...
        
           | xtracto wrote:
           | Outside of the US is prescribed quite often. It is in the
           | Mexican Health System Protocol ([1] page 6) and has been
           | widely researched [2] in there. Also, in Mexico Ivermectin
           | was widely available (without prescription) before Covid19.
           | It is commonly used _in children_ against lice, and also in
           | the general population as a dewormer once a year (in Mexico,
           | people are used to take these type of medications once a
           | year).
           | 
           | I understand the hesitation Americans have against it, given
           | its lack of availability (I would never consume a medicine
           | made for animals) but from my outside perspective, the issue
           | has been politicized so much that both "left" and "right"
           | Americans get blinded by their views and are not open to even
           | _talk_ about it (it 's either, you eat dewormer antivaxxer!
           | or muh freedom!).
           | 
           | I got my two vaccines as soon as I could (I had covid in
           | march 2020 and had a terrible time, and I am totally pro
           | vaccines, shit in Mexico we get a heck of a lot of vaccines
           | haha) but given the safety profile of Ivermectin, I am 100%
           | in favour of people taking it if they get COVID19.
           | 
           | [1] http://educacionensalud.imss.gob.mx/es/system/files/Algor
           | itm...
           | 
           | [2] https://covid19.cdmx.gob.mx/storage/app/media/Articulos/r
           | evi...
        
             | shadowgovt wrote:
             | My mistake; my comment was extremely US-centric.
             | 
             | In the US, there isn't a taboo against taking it because
             | it's generally animal-prescribed; it's used as a human
             | anti-parasitic here too. The issue is that people are self-
             | medicating with veterinary-supply doses because it isn't
             | prescribed for COVID-19 (as it's not indicated for treating
             | it).
        
             | h2odragon wrote:
             | > (I would never consume a medicine made for animals)
             | 
             | Why not?
             | 
             | I either pay $150+ all up for a doctor visit, prescription,
             | etc for antibiotics, or $20 for a bottle of "fish
             | antibiotics" at the feed store. Either way I get
             | amoxicillin; but from the feed store I get 3x the amount
             | and in smaller capsules which makes adjusting dose easier.
             | 
             | We stock the "horse paste" ivermectin for our half dozen
             | hounds, I've been known to have a lick of it myself when
             | ive been out barefoot in the mud, just in case. we have
             | whipworm out here and they're not likely to take in humans
             | but when they do its nasty.
        
               | shapefrog wrote:
               | I take it you have no problem eating dog food for your 3
               | square meals a day plus a few of those chew biscuits for
               | a snack?
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | Fish antibiotics might be fine, but since they aren't
               | regulated for human consumption it's more of a gamble.
               | Plenty of chemicals that don't hurt fish that the
               | manufacturer therefore won't be testing for that can be
               | harmful to a human. But more importantly in the case of
               | antibiotics: how do you know amoxicillin is the right one
               | for what ails you? There are multiple antibiotics for
               | multiple bacteria, and applying the wrong one can throw
               | your microbiome out of whack with no treatment to the
               | disease itself.
               | 
               | Health care in the US is broken for several reasons, but
               | "Doctors see a patient before prescribing the right
               | medicine" isn't one of them. DIY medicine has dangers,
               | and the FDA regulations are paid for in blood.
               | 
               | https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/here-are-
               | reaso...
        
               | h2odragon wrote:
               | > how do you know amoxicillin is the right one for what
               | ails you?
               | 
               | In our case, that's what the doctor prescribes for my
               | wife's chronic sinus infections whenever she asks one
               | about them, and I've been stocking it as a goto first
               | antibiotic for veterinary use since i started caring for
               | my animals 30yr ago.
               | 
               | In anyone else's case, there's no great barrier to
               | educating yourself about what you put in your body and
               | why, and taking responsibility for your own health.
               | Doctors are _consultants_ , not priests.
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | Your circumstance is one of the flaws in the US system.
               | Having been given a solid diagnosis once for that initial
               | $150 charge, instead of relatively-inexpensive
               | maintenance of health that could be done without doctor
               | intervention, we require doctors to re-see and re-
               | prescribe when a patient has a chronic condition.
               | 
               | There _is_ some wisdom in that (while  "when you hear
               | hoofbeats, think horses, not zebra" is a good maxim,
               | sometimes it's horses _and_ zebra), but IMHO once you 're
               | diagnosed with something chronic and treatable, minimize
               | the red-tape to keep it treated.
        
               | Clubber wrote:
               | >Having been given a solid diagnosis once for that
               | initial $150 charge, instead of relatively-inexpensive
               | maintenance of health that could be done without doctor
               | intervention, we require doctors to re-see and re-
               | prescribe when a patient has a chronic condition.
               | 
               | >There is some wisdom in that
               | 
               | It's pretty convenient for the doctors as well. $150 to
               | write some shit on a pad and sign it. Good work if you
               | can get it.
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | Humans are very complicated, and writing the wrong stuff
               | on a pad can get someone killed.
               | 
               | Amoxicillin isn't available without a prescription
               | because using the wrong antibiotic on a disease can make
               | the patient worse.
        
               | Clubber wrote:
               | The example I was replying to was when the patient was
               | already diagnosed with a chronic illness and still had to
               | go back to the doctor every month or so to renew the
               | script, because reasons.
        
               | xtracto wrote:
               | > Doctors are consultants, not priests.
               | 
               | Oh man you couldn't be more spot on. There's no magic in
               | what doctors do and how doctors prescribe a medication.
               | There are two advantages that a doctor can have over an
               | educated layman: 1) Experience: the number of cases they
               | have seen and thus can make an educated inference to what
               | is going on. 2) Their knowledge of anatomy (all they
               | studied during their 4-6 years education).
               | 
               | Having been living with a chronic condition for more than
               | 20 years, having gone to more than 10 _specialists_ in 3
               | different countries and countless of studies I 've seen
               | the limitation of Medical Doctors (they are human beens
               | at the end). There comes a time when you get to see that
               | you understand your body better than any doctor could.
        
         | gdulli wrote:
         | The "horse dewormer" aspect is definitely a red herring, while
         | the underlying problem is the choice to self-medicate based on
         | culture war status of vaccines vs. talk-show-host-endorsed
         | drugs. And the inevitable overdoses resulting from that. The
         | media is not wrong to discourage this type of self-medication.
         | 
         | But access to the vaccines here is free and widespread now, so
         | while we could talk all day about problems with access to
         | health care in this country, it doesn't apply here. People may
         | be choosing to distrust the vaccines and thus triggering a
         | shortage of beds and treatment that they themselves will later
         | need.
        
       | mgamache wrote:
       | And yet the Authors of this letter fail to address the most cited
       | meta-analyses (by Dr Lawrie). She's publicly stated the removing
       | the Elgazzar data did effect her numbers, but not the conclusion.
       | Also, if you read the paper she downgrades the Niaee data for
       | several potential biases.
       | 
       | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34145166/
        
       | ashtonkem wrote:
       | The other takeaway is that preprint publication is a pathway ripe
       | for abuse. The major paper that drove most of this situation, and
       | the meta analysis, appears to have been a straight up fraud. But
       | it got circulated a lot as a preprint to people who didn't
       | understand the difference between a preprint and a peer reviewed
       | paper. If the preprint had been more private, this might have
       | been averted.
        
         | saalweachter wrote:
         | > ... to people who didn't understand the difference between a
         | preprint and a peer reviewed paper.
         | 
         | It's worse than that; if you're reading individual papers
         | without the context of the larger body of research in a domain,
         | you're setting yourself up to get a distorted view of the
         | world.
         | 
         | Peer review isn't magic; peer reviewed papers can still have
         | errors, oversights, mistakes, outright fraud, or just get
         | unlucky in how random chance played out. Peer review just
         | filters out the _obviously_ fraudulent or flawed papers so that
         | only three reviewers have to spend an afternoon reading and
         | understanding why they are useless, and not a thousand journal
         | subscribers.
         | 
         | There's nothing wrong with following scientific developments as
         | a layperson, but you shouldn't make the mistake of thinking
         | because you read something in a published, peer-reviewed paper
         | -- even one in a prestigious, well-respected journal like
         | Science or Nature -- that it must be true.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | That wasn't an accident.
        
         | scoopertrooper wrote:
         | What's the motivation for this sort of thing? It seems the very
         | thing they crave (attention) will invariably bring them undone
         | as attention invites scrutiny.
        
           | avhon1 wrote:
           | For one, money. There is an organized group that charges $90
           | online for hocus-pocus covid medication prescriptions [1].
           | The more people that can be convinced that this is a
           | worthwhile purchase, the more money they get.
           | 
           | https://americasfrontlinedoctors.org/treatments/how-do-i-
           | get...
        
         | sjwalter wrote:
         | > The major paper that drove most of this situation, and the
         | meta analysis, appears to have been a straight up fraud.
         | 
         | Umm, wat?!
         | 
         | The vast majority of the studies about Ivermectin have been
         | observational, run by front-line clinicians.
         | 
         | Prior to 2020, basically everyone on earth agreed (including
         | the WHO, who STILL agrees) that front-line clinicians and
         | observational studies are excellent signals that can lead to
         | scientific investigations that can lead to medical
         | breakthroughs.
         | 
         | The evidence for IVM as a treatment for covid (and many other
         | viruses) is quite strong.
         | 
         | There is, no, no large-scale RCT for IVM. However, it is
         | inherently obvious that none will happen, none that give it a
         | fair shake.
         | 
         | The entire public health apparatus in the West has a huge
         | desire to treat all illness with only on-patent, new
         | medications.
         | 
         | Do you not thin that this incentive influences what gets into
         | the news?
         | 
         | Do you think the public health authorities in Uttar Pradesh
         | (https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/uttar-
         | prade...) are lying?
        
           | pacerwpg wrote:
           | > Do you think the public health authorities in Uttar Pradesh
           | (https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/uttar-
           | prade...) are lying?
           | 
           | It's possible, the number of excess deaths in the region over
           | a period (1 July 2020 and 31 March 2021) was measured at 197k
           | compared to other years, but they only reported 4500 covid
           | deaths.
        
           | majormajor wrote:
           | > The entire public health apparatus in the West has a huge
           | desire to treat all illness with only on-patent, new
           | medications.
           | 
           | This and
           | 
           | > The vast majority of the studies about Ivermectin have been
           | observational, run by front-line clinicians.
           | 
           | > Prior to 2020, basically everyone on earth agreed
           | (including the WHO, who STILL agrees) that front-line
           | clinicians and observational studies are excellent signals
           | that can lead to scientific investigations that can lead to
           | medical breakthroughs.
           | 
           | and
           | 
           | > Doctors in my area are prescribing IVM to treat covid
           | because in their experience and that of their peers IT WORKS.
           | They have fewer deaths, fewer complications.
           | 
           | Don't really add up. Best case interpretation of your
           | argument is that you think doctors are split in half - not
           | wholly aligned behind novel treatments - the "throw shit at
           | the wall and see what sticks" group and the "only throw new
           | custom expensive stuff at it" group, but even that doesn't
           | really match what I'm seeing.
           | 
           | A large number of doctors are out there throwing all sorts of
           | things at a new disease because nobody knows what works yet.
           | The data is going to be incredibly messy. One thing that has
           | looked effective in many cases is steroids, very much not
           | new. Other things that looked potentially effective haven't
           | continued to look effective as more studies have been done.
           | 
           | Where's the massive pushback against steroid treatment if
           | this is an institutional greed thing?
           | 
           | It looks to me much more like some people get married to
           | their early hunches and dig in hard when the evidence doesn't
           | pan out.
           | 
           | Throw enough shit at the wall in enough places and all sorts
           | of false leads are going to appear. Some of them getting shot
           | down isn't a conspiracy. It's how we learn.
        
           | tehjoker wrote:
           | "Antiviral Effects of Ivermectin in COVID-19- Clinically
           | Plausible?"
           | 
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8225296/
           | 
           | "In a study demonstrating the in vitro antiviral activity of
           | ivermectin, upon incubation of infected Vero/hSLAM cells with
           | 5 mM ivermectin, there was an approximately 5000-fold
           | reduction of viral RNA by 48 hours in ivermectin treated
           | samples as compared with control. The IC50 of ivermectin was
           | found to be approximately 2.5 mM. Ivermectin seems to act on
           | IMPa/b1 and inhibits the nuclear translocation of SARS-CoV-2
           | (Caly L et al., 2020). Further in-silico studies are required
           | to confirm this target of ivermectin in SARS-CoV-2. The
           | concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mM correspond to plasma
           | concentrations of 2190 and 4370 ng/mL, respectively. These
           | concentrations are 50-100 times the peak plasma concentration
           | achieved with the 200 mg/kg of ivermectin (the US Food and
           | Drug Administration recommended dose for treatment of
           | onchocerciasis) (Chaccour C et al., 2017). Even with a dose
           | 10 times greater than this dose (i.e., 2000 mg/kg), a peak
           | plasma concentration of only ~250 ng/mL has been achieved
           | (Guzzo CA et al., 2017)."
           | 
           | "On the basis of the rationale above, any significant
           | antiviral activity could not have been achieved with the dose
           | used in the study and the resultant plasma concentration of
           | the administered ivermectin. Thus, although ivermectin, in
           | vitro, is a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 replication, in
           | vivo, the plasma concentration required to achieve the
           | antiviral effect far exceeds the therapeutically applicable
           | dose."
           | 
           | This thread discusses why the example of Uttar Pradesh's
           | program isn't good evidence.
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/GidMK/status/1440131176665006088
        
             | ashtonkem wrote:
             | Later studies have also shown that Vero cells are probably
             | not a good choice for in vitro Covid tests, due to
             | differences in how the virus infects those cells vs. human
             | lung cells.
             | 
             | This appears to be an innocent mistake; vero cells are very
             | popular with virologists because they're easy to work with
             | and familiar. But unfortunately they are a very poor proxy
             | for testing Covid cures on, given that they're actually
             | monkey kidney cells. But it's a shame we're still headed
             | down this wrong path publicly.
             | 
             | https://www.qps.com/2020/08/17/vero-cell-studies-
             | misleading-...
        
           | ashtonkem wrote:
           | Feel free to actually read the article, it covers this.
        
           | eynsham wrote:
           | Consider dexamethasone.
           | 
           | > There is, no, no large-scale RCT for IVM. However, it is
           | inherently obvious that none will happen, none that give it a
           | fair shake.
           | 
           | Well, the gold standard RCT Recovery
           | (https://www.recoverytrial.net/) had a look.
           | 
           | > The entire public health apparatus in the West has a huge
           | desire to treat all illness with only on-patent, new
           | medications.
           | 
           | Dexamethasone is a cheap steroid. (For that matter, vaccines
           | are incredibly cheap and yet nobody seems to have stopped
           | them in favour of, say, monoclonal antibodies.)
           | 
           | > Do you not thin that this incentive influences what gets
           | into the news?
           | 
           | Evidently not terribly much, given that dexamethasone was at
           | least in all the British newspapers.
           | 
           | > Do you think the public health authorities in Uttar Pradesh
           | are lying?
           | 
           | Quite plausibly. UP is perhaps the worst governed state in
           | India and has been under all political parties. The case of
           | Kafeel Khan is rather illustrative.
           | 
           | More to the point, I don't care whether they're lying. The
           | whole article is full of vague statements that are hardly a
           | good basis to believe anything about ivermectin.
        
           | mlyle wrote:
           | > The vast majority of the studies about Ivermectin have been
           | observational, run by front-line clinicians.
           | 
           | OK, so weak evidence.
           | 
           | > Prior to 2020, basically everyone on earth agreed
           | (including the WHO, who STILL agrees) that front-line
           | clinicians and observational studies are excellent signals
           | that can lead to scientific investigations that can lead to
           | medical breakthroughs.
           | 
           | Sure-- weak/crappy evidence and practitioner intuition can
           | definitely point at worthwhile things to study rigorously,
           | even if most of what they generate is trash.
           | 
           | > The evidence for IVM as a treatment for covid (and many
           | other viruses) is quite strong.
           | 
           | ??? Quite a leap you made there.
        
             | sjwalter wrote:
             | Calling the investigatory and experiential evidence of
             | thousands of highly-trained doctors (some of whom pioneered
             | the standard of care for covid) as "weak evidence" is
             | something that only somebody carrying water for large
             | pharmaceutical companies would say.
             | 
             | Doctors in my area are prescribing IVM to treat covid
             | because in their experience and that of their peers IT
             | WORKS. They have fewer deaths, fewer complications.
             | 
             | But it's "weak" evidence just because Pfizer didn't sponsor
             | a gigantic RCT to "prove" it.
             | 
             | "The only science is real is expensive science done by
             | large corporations!"
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | > is something that only somebody carrying water for
               | large pharmaceutical companies would say
               | 
               | This is directly against the HN guidelines.
        
               | dionian wrote:
               | Agreed, retract all the meta-analyses you want, but never
               | dismiss actual front line results by physicians. If you
               | have a regimen with zero deaths for a disease, I don't
               | think we should be suppressing their clinical data. What
               | a world...
        
               | ashtonkem wrote:
               | "Zero deaths" should have set off your alarm bells.
               | That's way too neat of a number for the real world; you
               | only get that kind of result with small sample sizes or
               | fraud.
               | 
               | Even the vaccines, which are very effective, do not have
               | a 0% death rate from infection.
        
               | chana_masala wrote:
               | Officially the FDA and CDC say there have been 0 deaths
               | from adverse events. I agree, that's way too neat of a
               | number for the real world.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | You're saying re: vaccines? There's been several deaths
               | believed to be caused by the vaccines and attributed as
               | such by the FDA/CDC.
               | 
               | And, you know, a few hundred thousand lives saved.
        
               | pigeonhole123 wrote:
               | Not a troll: how do you know that number? Pfizer's own
               | RCT showed no difference in all cause mortality after six
               | months
        
               | lamontcg wrote:
               | https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/meetings/downloads/slid
               | es-...
               | 
               | 3 deaths from TTS following J&J as of May 7th where there
               | were 8.73 million doses of J&J administered.
        
               | oezi wrote:
               | Nitpick: there were plenty of deaths reported as adverse
               | events. It was just found that they were mostly expected
               | in a normal population.
               | 
               | I know in Germany we did have over 20 dead from AZ
               | thrombosis.
        
               | 8note wrote:
               | I'd consider it weak because covid mostly has non-severe
               | symptoms.
               | 
               | A sugar pill could also get the same observational
               | results because the number of severe cases is very low.
        
               | koboll wrote:
               | It's weak evidence because COVID-19 observational studies
               | are riddled with confounders due to COVID patients
               | generally throwing everything at it they can to try and
               | stay alive.
               | 
               | The exact same pattern occurred with hydroxychloroquine.
               | Lots of small observational studies showed promise. Then
               | it repeatedly failed large RCTs. It turns out that the
               | people with the resources to use HCQ also had the
               | resources to use other things, things that were actually
               | effective.
        
               | chana_masala wrote:
               | So what were those other things, then?
        
               | ashtonkem wrote:
               | Dexamethasone, Remdesivir, and monoclonal antibodies are
               | part of the go to treatments for severe Covid cases.
               | They're the major exotic bits of what they gave trump
               | when he got sick, along with a bunch of over the counter
               | stuff (zinc, vitamin D, melatonin, etc.) My understanding
               | is that the monoclonal antibodies are the really
               | expensive treatments.
               | 
               | The Dexamethasone one is an interesting story. It started
               | out as a more controversial "throw everything at the wall
               | and see what sticks" solution by a specialist who knew
               | steroids well. Later studies have shown a strong effect
               | on survival, so it's become a fairly uncontroversial part
               | of the tool kit for severe Covid.
        
               | makomk wrote:
               | Of course, what made Dexamethasone such a breakthrough
               | wasn't really the drug itself; I think there's some
               | evidence now that other steroids might actually work
               | better. The big breakthrough was that some UK researchers
               | managed to use the fact that the country got hit hard
               | early on in the pandemic to immediately run a bunch of
               | large randomized controlled trials on all the most
               | promising throw-things-at-the-wall treatments to get
               | evidence on which actually worked as soon as possible.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | > Calling the investigatory and experiential evidence of
               | thousands of highly-trained doctors (some of whom
               | pioneered the standard of care for covid) as "weak
               | evidence" is something that only somebody carrying water
               | for large pharmaceutical companies would say.
               | 
               | Keep in mind that bleeding with leeches was once the
               | standard of care-- based on clinical intuition and
               | observational evidence.
               | 
               | People-- even very smart, well-educated people-- are
               | easily fooled. There is a reason why the RCT is the gold
               | standard.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | The RCT is the gold standard, but observational studies
               | can be sufficient to establish causality when the effect
               | size is large enough with a clear dose response curve. No
               | one has ever conducted an RCT to prove that cigarette
               | smoking causes lung cancer, but we're pretty sure that it
               | does.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | > to establish causality when the effect size is large
               | enough with a clear dose response curve.
               | 
               | And when there's some plausible underlying mechanism that
               | can be studied by more rigorous means. Otherwise,
               | observational studies can find correlation, not
               | causation-- and they're not even very robust at that.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | No the dose response curve alone can be sufficient.
               | Remember that the FDA has approved multiple SSRI drugs
               | for treating clinical depression despite a lack of
               | understanding on the actual mechanism of action. There
               | are several plausible hypotheses but we really don't know
               | why they work.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | A dose response curve in an observational study is
               | irrelevant for establishing causation.
               | 
               | There is a dose-response relationship between umbrellas
               | outside and rainfall., but umbrellas do not cause
               | rainfall.
               | 
               | And the SSRI point is tangential: they were approved
               | based on RCT evidence. Observing umbrella use and
               | concluding it causes rainfall, even though we don't know
               | of a reason why umbrella use would cause rainfall, is
               | quite different.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | > "The only science is real is expensive science done by
               | large corporations!"
               | 
               | The only science that's real when it comes to public
               | health is the science done across large enough
               | populations and with enough methodology to rule out many
               | confounding issues.
               | 
               | That tends to cost money, indeed.
        
               | sjwalter wrote:
               | This is a neutered philosophy.
               | 
               | You surrender you're ability to actually know things
               | outside the purview of large pharma corps.
               | 
               | Hey, I guess my view is never gonna get approved: Eat
               | healthy meat, exercise, and get plenty of sunlight.
               | 
               | Since that's never gonna get a big Pfizer RCT, you should
               | wait. Don't exercise. Don't get sunlight.
               | 
               | Just wait until a big pharmacorp tells you what is
               | healthy.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | I considered adding on a coda noting that "costing money"
               | doesn't imply big pharma. But I didn't because I
               | considered it sort of self-evident. Neverthless, you went
               | there anyway.
        
               | shapefrog wrote:
               | > I guess my view is never gonna get approved: Eat
               | healthy meat, exercise, and get plenty of sunlight.
               | 
               | Study has been approved 1,000s of times and been done
               | 1,000s of times.
               | 
               | Eating shit, sitting inside on your sofa all day is less
               | healthy. The jury is out on your so called controversial
               | view, has been for a long time.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | ashtonkem wrote:
               | Come on, that's clearly a bad faith interpretation of
               | what GP said. You've been here long enough to know that
               | that's a no no.
        
             | dionian wrote:
             | Given the recent fall from grace of prestigious journals
             | like the Lancet on the Coronavirus evidence, I think it is
             | useful for all of us to remain skeptical and purely
             | science-based.
             | 
             | https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-
             | 6...
        
       | nradov wrote:
       | Yes the quality of scientific research in this area has been
       | rather bad with rushes to publish and ineffective peer review.
       | Drs. Paul Marik and Pierre Kory recently updated their meta
       | analysis to remove the retracted Elgazzar paper, and still found
       | a significant effect. I'm not endorsing their letter, just
       | pointing out that it exists and isn't mentioned in this Nature
       | article.
       | 
       | https://journals.lww.com/americantherapeutics/fulltext/2021/...
       | 
       | Ultimately we need a real large scale controlled trial to settle
       | the issue so I'm looking forward to seeing results from NIH
       | ACTIV-6.
       | 
       | https://www.nih.gov/research-training/medical-research-initi...
        
         | saalweachter wrote:
         | That meta-analysis still includes the Carvallo studies, which
         | some people have doubts about:
         | https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/stephaniemlee/ivermecti...
        
         | cageface wrote:
         | This article also says that another trial that were included in
         | previous meta-analyses should probably also be excluded and
         | once all that's it's unlikely the meta-analysis will show an
         | effect:
         | 
         |  _As these two papers1,6 were the only studies included in that
         | meta-analysis to demonstrate an independently significant
         | reduction in mortality, the revision will probably show no
         | mortality benefit for ivermectin._
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | This letter opens with a defense of the ElGazzar paper, but the
         | analyses published by these researchers strongly suggests that
         | the paper is indefensible and likely a simple fraud. I'm
         | skeptical.
        
         | Spellman wrote:
         | Looking at the two papers (original, and updated) they only
         | removed the Elgazzer paper but not the contested Shakhsi Niaee
         | also mentioned in the Nature article.
         | 
         | This is noteworthy because it's also the only other RCT to show
         | strong effect on mortality (see Fig3 in the two papers).
         | 
         | Original Marik, Kory paper Fig3 is here:
         | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34375047/#&gid=article-figur...
         | 
         | Also, the Nature article is concerned that the underlying data
         | isn't sound due to bad randomization and thus naive meta-
         | analysis is inherently flawed in these cases.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Sure that's a good point. But is mortality the appropriate
           | clinical trial endpoint? Mortality rates are already low when
           | following the NIH treatment guidelines, so it would take a
           | large study population to discern any statistically
           | significant effects.
           | 
           | https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/
           | 
           | In addition to mortality it probably makes sense to look at
           | other endpoints such as patient reported symptoms, RT PCR
           | test cycle count, and time to hospital discharge. Those
           | should allow us to tell if there is a real effect (or not)
           | with smaller subject groups.
        
             | scoopertrooper wrote:
             | Case fatality has been declining for sure, but it's still
             | at about 3%. So it shouldn't be that hard to find a signal.
             | 
             | https://www.abs.gov.au/articles/covid-19-mortality-0
             | 
             | https://www.ajtmh.org/view/journals/tpmd/104/6/article-p217
             | 6...
        
         | marcodiego wrote:
         | Can we infer that since "we need a real large scale controlled
         | trial to settle the issue", the positive effect (if any) is
         | necessarily small?
        
           | mnw21cam wrote:
           | That's a good inference to make, yes.
        
         | ajross wrote:
         | > Yes the quality of scientific research in this area has been
         | rather bad with rushes to publish and ineffective peer review
         | 
         | Well, sure, but what else is new? The Ivermectin paper was
         | surely bad, but it wasn't outrageously bad nor unexpectedly so.
         | The mania that resulted isn't, at it's core, about bad science.
         | This won't fix the problem.
        
           | simpleguitar wrote:
           | > The Ivermectin paper was surely bad, but it wasn't
           | outrageously bad nor unexpectedly so.
           | 
           | Oh, yes it was bad. Very very bad. Outrageously bad. The data
           | was mostly fabricated:
           | 
           | https://gidmk.medium.com/is-ivermectin-for-covid-19-based-
           | on...
        
             | wombatpm wrote:
             | But the larger problem has been the the non-scientific
             | audience running with with things to support their
             | political narrative. If someone from the right infosphere
             | were to promote skinned habanero inserted rectally as a
             | potential prophylactic therapy there would be lawsuits
             | demanding that treatment for people's family members and a
             | furious debate on twitter as to whether habanero or ghost
             | peppers should be used.
             | 
             | Bad science has always been around, you learn how to spot
             | them in grad school. It just now the larger population is
             | learning that bad papers exist.
        
       | gonational wrote:
       | Because there are so many studies of ivermectin and because it is
       | so widely used, of course there are going to be bunk studies and
       | scientifically invalid studies. Do you know how I know this? I
       | know this because it was recently shown (within the past ten
       | years) that something like 70% of scientific studies can't be
       | reproduced (read: they're BS). So if were going to use scientific
       | studies at all, to inform our decisions, as a society, then we
       | have to accept that there's going to be flaws in some of them.
       | And if we know that there are flaws in some of them, we can also
       | conclude that a large quantity of corroborating studies is as
       | important as the scale of each individual study. The same applies
       | to meta-analyses. For example, it's going to be pretty difficult
       | to publish over 100 studies[1] that all corroborate the almost-
       | same set of basic facts, and then have all +100 of them be
       | completely invalid. However, having over 100 different studies of
       | a 50-year old medicine, from different scientists in different
       | parts of the world based on different data sets over different
       | spans of time and under different circumstances, and having the
       | data corroborate the same key facts and numbers, I would trust
       | this any day over a government funded study of a brand new
       | medicine that is in a brand new category of medicines which has
       | never been used in history.
       | 
       | There are literally hundreds of studies at this point proving
       | that ivermectin is safe and effective for treating many things,
       | including influenza and coronavirus, including COVID-19.
       | 
       | There are literally no studies proving that the Pfizer or Moderna
       | gene therapies are safe and effective, or even that they are safe
       | or effective, at both treating and preventing the spread of
       | COVID-19. The latter of the two is the most important in the
       | debate over whether people should be forced to take said
       | medicines. And it is the inverse of that which has been proven
       | through many studies now.
       | 
       | 1. https://c19ivermectin.com/
        
         | creddit wrote:
         | > There are literally no studies proving that the Pfizer or
         | Moderna gene therapies are safe and effective, or even that
         | they are safe or effective, at both treating and preventing the
         | spread of COVID-19.
         | 
         | This is... wildly incorrect.
        
           | godzulu wrote:
           | https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1682852/000168285220.
           | .. Currently, mRNA is considered a gene therapy product by
           | the FDA. Unlike certain gene therapies that irreversibly
           | alter cell DNA and could act as a source of side effects,
           | mRNA-based medicines are designed to not irreversibly change
           | cell DNA; however, side effects observed in gene therapy
           | could negatively impact the perception of mRNA medicines
           | despite the differences in mechanism. In addition, because no
           | product in which mRNA is the primary active ingredient has
           | been approved, the regulatory pathway for approval is
           | uncertain. The number and design of the clinical trials and
           | preclinical studies required for the approval of these types
           | of medicines have not been established, may be different from
           | those required for gene therapy products, or may require
           | safety testing like gene therapy products. Moreover, the
           | length of time necessary to complete clinical trials and to
           | submit an application for marketing approval for a final
           | decision by a regulatory authority varies significantly from
           | one pharmaceutical product to the next, and may be difficult
           | to predict.
        
           | dionian wrote:
           | Well, there are certainly no long-term studies.
        
           | mikeyouse wrote:
           | Calling them gene therapies too.. wow.
           | 
           | I hope the more science-literate proponents of IVM can
           | appreciate how much it harms their case for the vast majority
           | of IVM advocates to be this loud and wrong..
        
             | gonational wrote:
             | The United States CDC literally changed the definition of
             | "vaccine" this year, so that these products could still be
             | identified as vaccines. You're going to tell me that it's
             | "science illiterate" to consider mRNA therapy as gene
             | therapy, because the genes are not actually changed, but
             | instead only expressed to create the therapeutic effect.
             | But it _is_ "scientifically literate" to call such a
             | therapy a "vaccine"?
             | 
             | I hope more _common sense literate_ proponents of science
             | can appreciate how much it harms their case for a vast
             | majority of science advocates to be loud and wrong.
        
               | jrmg wrote:
               | > The United States CDC literally changed the definition
               | of "vaccine" this year, so that these products could
               | still be identified as vaccines.
               | 
               | For anyone else curious:
               | 
               |  _Before the change, the definition for "vaccination"
               | read, "the act of introducing a vaccine into the body to
               | produce immunity to a specific disease." Now, the word
               | "immunity" has been switched to "protection."_ [1]
               | 
               | It seems obvious to me that this was changed because the
               | layperson's interpretation of the old wording would make
               | it seem like 100% immunity was the result of vaccination.
               | That's never been the case. The new wording is just
               | clearer in regular English.
               | 
               | > You're going to tell me that it's "science illiterate"
               | to consider mRNA therapy as gene therapy, because the
               | genes are not actually changed, but instead only
               | expressed to create the therapeutic effect.
               | 
               | It's not only science illiterate, it's misleading to a
               | layperson too. It sounds as if it's changing the
               | patient's DNA.
               | 
               | > I hope more common sense literate proponents of science
               | can appreciate how much it harms their case for a vast
               | majority of science advocates to be loud and wrong
               | 
               | I do t understand how you think your interpretations lie
               | closer to "common sense". They seem to me to be more
               | like;y to mislead.
               | 
               | [1]https://www.miamiherald.com/news/coronavirus/article25
               | 411126...
        
               | gonational wrote:
               | For anybody else who stumbles across the above uninformed
               | comment, here is some information for context (wrt "gene
               | therapy", etc.):
               | 
               | https://www.nature.com/gt/journal-information
               | 
               | https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/gene-based-
               | therape...
               | 
               | A certain degree of ignorance can be forgiven in this day
               | and age, because everything is being constantly re-
               | defined by the television, and most folks get their
               | information from the television.
               | 
               | So don't attack people for not knowing things, but just
               | be aware how many low information people are
               | unintentionally misleading others. You can even see in
               | the parent comment, the primary source of information for
               | most of these people is some form of media company (Miami
               | Herald, in this case). This is, unfortunately, the new
               | normal.
               | 
               | Logging in with different accounts and downvoting this
               | won't change the facts.
        
               | mikeyouse wrote:
               | > _You 're going to tell me that it's "science
               | illiterate" to consider mRNA therapy as gene therapy,
               | because the genes are not actually changed .._
               | 
               | Yes. That's exactly what I'm saying. Read your sentence
               | back to yourself.
               | 
               | > _But it is "scientifically literate" to call such a
               | therapy a "vaccine"?_
               | 
               | Yes. Of course it is. Regardless of what the copy on some
               | obscure CDC website says, mRNA vaccines have been in
               | development for decades.
        
               | gonational wrote:
               | > Regardless of what the copy on some obscure CDC website
               | says
               | 
               | Read that, out loud...
               | 
               | All you need to do is set your search parameters to
               | filter out items from the past 24 months.
               | 
               | https://www.nature.com/gt/journal-information
               | 
               | https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/gene-based-
               | therape...
               | 
               | There are thousands more.
               | 
               | SMH... short memory span is the worst part of the human
               | condition.
        
             | acdha wrote:
             | > I hope the more science-literate proponents of IVM
             | 
             | If they valued and were capable of reasoning about the
             | science, they would not be "proponents" -- they'd recognize
             | the current scientific understanding (no known mechanism or
             | benefits, significant side-effects) and wait for a solid
             | study before recommending anything.
             | 
             | The people you do see advocating it are almost always doing
             | so for political or financial purposes and are thus
             | unlikely to say anything critical since that'd be bad for
             | business.
        
               | JoshuaDavid wrote:
               | > If they valued and were capable of reasoning about the
               | science, they would not be "proponents" -- they'd
               | recognize the current scientific understanding (no known
               | mechanism or benefits, significant side-effects) and wait
               | for a solid study before recommending anything.
               | 
               | The the standard of "we should not perform treatments
               | with known side effects if there is no solid study
               | proving the mechanism and benefits of that intervention"
               | is unreasonably strict.
               | 
               | Proning (laying the patient on their stomach appears to
               | improve oxygenation and improve outcomes) was suspected
               | to be helpful by May of 2020. However, even by December
               | of 2020 there were not any large randomized controlled
               | trials proving this. Proning has risks (like "unplanned
               | extubation" i.e. the breathing tube coming out when it
               | shouldn't). Should we have foregone that treatment
               | because there was no proof of either efficacy or
               | mechanism, and there were significant risks associated
               | with the treatment?
               | 
               | I personally don't think ivermectin is terribly likely to
               | be effective, but the more general statement of "nobody
               | who is capable of reasoning about science would be a
               | proponent of an unproven treatment that has risks" is
               | wrong.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | That's exactly the kind of reason why I included "no
               | known method": proning was not a previously unknown
               | concept, it clearly changes a known problem, and the
               | risks are manageable.
               | 
               | Remdesivir and other antivirals were similarly reasonable
               | to try since they had a plausible method of being
               | effective, as did the steroid treatments which have been
               | so useful for controlling inflammation.
               | 
               | Now, nobody is saying that we can't _try_ new things but
               | note also that I was referring to "proponents" -- not
               | just people who are willing to try something but who are
               | actively advocating it as an effective treatment. The
               | vast, vast majority of those people are not running
               | experiments or even medical professionals who might
               | possibly have some relevant prior experience suggesting
               | it was worth trying.
               | 
               | I'm not opposed to research but I think there's a
               | substantial ethical line to cross when you switch from
               | being open to the possibility of something working to
               | running around telling everyone that it works so well
               | they should avoid a safe, cheap, and highly effective
               | vaccine.
        
               | gonational wrote:
               | Yeah, because nothing says "recognize the current
               | scientific understanding" like dismissing hundreds of
               | studies because of a couple bunk meta-analysis. Also,
               | nothing says "recognize the current scientific
               | understanding" like injecting an untested medicine into
               | your veins to avoid what amounts to the common cold for
               | younger people; while ignoring the fact that it does not
               | help prevent the spread, and according to the latest
               | study on this from Israel (the highest vaccine rate in
               | the world), actually enhances the spread, so if the
               | argument is "what about the old people that you're going
               | to infect", then I guess you've answered that question
               | already.
               | 
               | It pays nothing to pretend that you are smarter than
               | other people if you're not willing to follow your own
               | advice.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | You're packing enough untrue things into that comment
               | that it's hard to believe you're acting in good faith
               | but:
               | 
               | * It's dismissing the studies which show effects due to
               | errors, which leaves the studies not showing beneficial
               | effects. Science is built on evidence and thus far it
               | hasn't been shown that Ivermectin has a benefit for
               | COVID.
               | 
               | * Similarly, it's untrue to the point of being a flagrant
               | lie to claim that the vaccines are untested when they
               | went through full clinical trials and the high positive
               | effects and safety rates shown in those trials have been
               | backed up by data from many millions of people
               | 
               | * Similarly, it's flat out wrong to claim that COVID is
               | similar to the common cold -- even if you compare it to
               | influenza, which is far more serious, that's not true --
               | we've seen more children die in the last couple months
               | than we typically see in an entire flu season.
               | 
               | * Vaccination does help reduce the spread, and that's
               | even shown in the Israeli data -- it's not 100% but if
               | you look at the data it's very clear that vaccinated
               | people at a significantly lower rate. Israeli comparisons
               | are tricky because they have substantially different
               | vaccination rates across age categories and a vaccinated
               | 80 year old is still more at risk than someone younger,
               | especially when those younger people are not taking
               | precautions, which brings me to:
               | 
               | * Israel is nowhere near having the highest vaccine rate
               | -- that's a tie between Portugal, Malta, and the U.A.E.
               | currently -- and at a paltry 62% they're not even in the
               | top 25. That's only slightly better than the United
               | States at 55%.
               | 
               | * The Iraeli data does not show that vaccination
               | increases spread: this is a lie spread by people who are
               | comparing unlike things in the knowledge that many people
               | will reshare those claims without checking them.
        
               | gonational wrote:
               | For anybody else that comes across the above comment,
               | ignore the fake news, do some reading of scientific
               | studies (e.g., nih.gov, etc.), and you will come to the
               | same conclusion: that everything stated in the comment
               | above is untrue (except for the countries with the
               | vaccination rates - I don't actually know the latest
               | stats on that).
               | 
               | I've been trying to do my part to help prevent the spread
               | of misinformation that's been spread by corporations and
               | Big Pharma, but I don't have time to dissect every fake
               | point in a diatribe written by a random person; however,
               | all of the claims are very easily debunked.
        
               | seattle_spring wrote:
               | "Neoliberal", "big pharma", "Weinstein",
               | "c19ivermectin.com", "fake news", "Israel".
               | 
               | I can't tell if this is a real account, or gpt-3 posting
               | comments seeded from a couple Breitbart articles.
        
               | creddit wrote:
               | Ivermectin doesn't really have significant side effects
               | at appropriate doses. It's quite safe. Don't be fooled by
               | overblown "horse dewormer stories".
               | 
               | I don't say this to advocate Ivermectin, the only RCT I
               | know of/trust found absolutely no effect. I say this to
               | gently point out the mismatch between your claims and the
               | premise in the first sentence.
        
               | fullstop wrote:
               | I agree that it is safe at appropriate doses. The issue
               | is that people are self medicating and incorrectly
               | calculating doses, since the product was intended for
               | livestock.
        
               | gonational wrote:
               | The nationwide report that everybody talked about,
               | pertaining to poison control centers receiving endless
               | calls about this was completely fake. It turned out that
               | rather than 70% of calls it was actually 2% of calls and
               | over half of them were simply people asking questions
               | about dosage.
               | 
               | The other nationwide report about the hospitals in
               | Oklahoma being crowded with ivermectin victims to the
               | point where they could not even get gunshot victims in to
               | see a doctor... well, at least one of the hospital
               | systems responded with an open letter stating that this
               | was completely fake and that they had not seen even a
               | single patient. I find it hard to believe that one
               | hospital system would not see a single patient while all
               | the other hospitals in the state would be completely
               | flooded with them.
               | 
               | If the TV tells you something, you do not have to believe
               | it.
               | 
               | Use your brain.
        
               | fullstop wrote:
               | I never said a word about any of that. I said that people
               | are self medicating and incorrectly calculating an
               | appropriate dosage, and I am not wrong. [1]
               | 
               | 1. https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/why-
               | you-shoul...
        
               | gonational wrote:
               | What evidence did you have that people were doing this,
               | which presumably affected your opinion on this topic?
        
               | fullstop wrote:
               | 1. Facebook groups where people have admitted to taking
               | more than they should have, causing incontinence. Not
               | public groups, but one local to my area.
               | 
               | 2. The FDA themselves
               | 
               | I have to ask, are you actually advocating for self-
               | medicating with products from Tractor Supply? I've not
               | once said anything about my opinion of Ivermectin, only
               | that of self medication.
        
               | mikeyouse wrote:
               | As one more piece of evidence - two of my family members
               | are internal medicine physicians who are running covid
               | units -- just a shocking number of people are showing up
               | to hospitals with severe Covid after having self-
               | medicated with IVM.
        
               | hackingforfun wrote:
               | > If the TV tells you something, you do not have to
               | believe it.
               | 
               | Where do you think most of the people taking ivermectin
               | heard about it? They probably have no idea how ivermectin
               | would actually work, but heard it from some conservative
               | talk show host that they trust more than scientists
               | backing the actual COVID vaccine. I'm astonished by how
               | totally backwards all of this is.
        
               | gonational wrote:
               | I learned about Ivermectin from MedCram circa May 2020.
               | 
               | Everybody I know personally who did not learn about it
               | from me learned about it from Eric Weinstein on the Joe
               | Rogan podcast.
               | 
               | A good friend of mine watches Fox News no less than three
               | hours a day and took both Pfizer doses months ago.
               | 
               | I suspect you might be projecting, and perhaps you
               | learned about Ivermectin from a neoliberal TV show. Most
               | of the people who believe in the safety and efficacy of
               | Ivermectin believe so precisely because they are _not_
               | consuming television propaganda, and so they are still
               | able to form their own opinions from real information.
        
               | hackingforfun wrote:
               | I consider Joe Rogan a right wing host, and I had heard
               | he was telling people about ivermectin. I didn't know
               | that originally people heard it from Eric Weinstein on
               | his show, although I'm not sure how much of a difference
               | that makes. Aren't all right wing / conservative hosts or
               | media pretty much saying the same things in terms of
               | COVID, anyway?
               | 
               | I do think people also form their opinions of the COVID
               | vaccine on real information. I personally consulted
               | someone I know who has a PhD in Molecular Biology to
               | gather more information on the mRNA vaccines.
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | Still, I don't think anybody talking about using
               | ivermectin for treating COVID-19 ever recommended what is
               | widely tested appropriate doses.
        
             | walterbell wrote:
             | Non-sterilizing mRNA vaccines are biologics, which have
             | separate regulations and distinct intellectual property
             | protections in national laws and international trade
             | treaties.
        
           | gonational wrote:
           | Would you mind linking me to the evidence that this is
           | incorrect?
           | 
           | Posts like mine are being censored across-the-board on the
           | Internet because of "interests". I mean, how much more
           | evidence could you possibly linked to then 119 studies, yet
           | my comment was flagged out of existence. We are literally
           | living in a George Orwell novel and the people with jackboots
           | are just ordinary citizens, putting the boots on their own
           | necks. We are under the spell of like a self-prescribed
           | global brainwashing campaign. Nobody cares about science
           | anymore, nobody cares about the scientific method, nobody
           | cares about actual data anymore, only propaganda. 119 studies
           | show evidence of one thing. That's not enough though. But
           | then the media says another thing and everybody believes it,
           | despite the fact that there are dozens of studies with
           | conflicting data showing various counter arguments (such as
           | the Israeli pre-print from three weeks ago showing that The
           | gene therapy is less effective than natural immunity by a
           | factor of 13 to 27 times). This was practically completely
           | ignored by the media and everybody on this site. In the past
           | everybody here would've been on that shit immediately, trying
           | to figure out if it was correct, I mean don't we want out of
           | this mess? Does anybody want out of this or does everybody
           | feel good about having a boot on their neck for the rest of
           | their lives? Let go of your ego for a minute and ask yourself
           | that question for real. If you're one of the people who will
           | down vote this comment, there is no help for you in the long
           | run. But if you want to be honest with yourself, and you want
           | this bullshit situation to end, then you need to look at the
           | real science in the real data and ask real questions and be
           | open to the answers. Even if it means you made a terrible
           | mistake somewhere along the way.
        
             | creddit wrote:
             | I vouched for your comment. You're allowed to believe
             | whatever irrational things you'd like and comment about
             | them as much as you'd like as far as I'm concerned. Seems
             | it got flagged to death even after the vouch, though.
             | 
             | Let's, however, consider your inane views on the RNA
             | vaccines (note that not only is this what everyone refers
             | to them as, it's also the case that they are very
             | specifically NOT therapies as they are meant to be
             | prophylactic to disease rather than treat disease).
             | 
             | > such as the Israeli pre-print from three weeks ago
             | showing that The gene therapy is less effective than
             | natural immunity by a factor of 13 to 27 times)
             | 
             | Do you really have no idea why that's a stupid attack on
             | the vaccines? The idea that natural immunity is superior to
             | vaccine acquired immunity says NOTHING about whether or not
             | a vaccine provides immunity. If A > B, that doesn't mean
             | that B = 0.
             | 
             | Not only that, but the same study showed that natural
             | immunity + vaccine > natural immunity. So by your inane
             | logic, natural immunity alone does nothing!
             | 
             | But even with this study by all accounts being valid, what
             | policy decisions would you change based on it? It's not
             | like we would stop vaccinations!
             | 
             | What's more you're concerned that people are ignoring these
             | 119 studies but you yourself claimed there was literally no
             | evidence of effect for the vaccines when there are hundreds
             | of studies (including your cited Israeli study for God's
             | sake!) showing their effectiveness!
             | 
             | Beyond all of that, I know of 1 good RCT for Ivermectin in
             | the Together Trial (1500 patients unlike the comedy of many
             | of the studies you quote) and uh, no effect. Weirdly, they
             | do find really great effect from Fluvoxamine and yet you
             | quacks never decided to pursue that for some reason...
        
               | swader999 wrote:
               | The Together trial only did 3 doses and only 400 mcg/kg -
               | nobody else is finding results at that dosage rate
               | either. Needs to be 5 days or longer, 600mcg/kg the
               | earlier the better.
        
               | creddit wrote:
               | Some shocking non-linearities in dose-response you're
               | expecting. Point me to the most credible study you have.
               | Tired of being shown poorly randomized trials with like
               | 50 subjects.
        
               | swader999 wrote:
               | Why don't you pay for them lol. It's off patent there's
               | no money for large trials. See the links supplied above,
               | there's data from entire countries now at least.
        
             | ch4s3 wrote:
             | I think the first thing people here are negatively reacting
             | to is the phrase "gene therapy", which has a specific
             | meaning and the mRNA vaccines are most definitely not gene
             | therapy.
             | 
             | I also don't think any scientifically minded person is
             | opposed to the idea that natural immunity from previous
             | infection provides stronger or longer lasting protection
             | for infection. This would be in line with what we see with
             | flu. The problem people have is the use of this information
             | to encourage people to not get vaccinated. COVID outcomes
             | are clearly better for vaccinated individuals than those
             | who have not been vaccinated and have no natural immunity.
             | 
             | I don't like the mandates, lockdowns, or passports but I
             | think vaccination is still useful in reducing illness,
             | spread, and mortality. The data backs that up. No one in my
             | opinion should be coerced, but the choice seems so obvious
             | to me.
        
         | dreyfan wrote:
         | I think you're late for your chiropractor appointment.
        
       | motoboi wrote:
       | Someone said it and I totally agree:
       | 
       | Society is not ready to watch science in realtime.
        
         | Gimpei wrote:
         | Society isn't ready to watch science any other way either.
         | Media outlets routinely take individual studies and vastly
         | inflate their results. I suppose it's better if the study is
         | peer reviewed, but not much.
        
         | greenonions wrote:
         | I agree, though there are two obvious courses of action that
         | result from this:
         | 
         | 1. Prevent the viewing 2. Increase the readiness
         | 
         | Of which I think #2 is most preferable.
        
           | toss1 wrote:
           | #2 is for sure bviously preferable, but Good Luck With That.
           | 
           | Once you get below the top N% in intelligence levels (5%-20%
           | in my experience), the ability to 1) understand any kind of
           | complex systems, 2) read, understand, contextualize and
           | retain data, and maintain any rigorous logical thinking
           | structure (e.g., keeping previously eliminated options
           | eliminated) declines rapidly.
           | 
           | The result is that, despite having absolute record numbers
           | and percentages of people educated with college degrees, we
           | have massive anti-science movements that are literally
           | killing thousands of people daily, by ape-ing scientific-
           | sounding terms & distorting concepts & data in order to more
           | effectively broadcast disinformation - and hordes lap it up.
           | 
           | We even have nurses and healthcare workers, who supposedly
           | have been taught and passed tests on basic germ theory,
           | actively resisting and campaigning against safe and effective
           | public health measures.
           | 
           | A related phenomenon is that college degrees are
           | systematically being degraded. I personally know someone who
           | was a visiting professor at a US State University, teaching
           | introductory economics. He found that many of the students
           | didn't even have the math skills (or motivation) to
           | understand and wield the basic concepts on assignments,
           | classroom discussion, and tests, and of course he was
           | recommending them to remedial options and failing them. He
           | was explicitly ordered by the administration to pass them or
           | quit. He quit.
           | 
           | Sadly, it is looking more and more like this great experiment
           | in college for all is not working out as hoped. Instead of a
           | culture of wisdom, we have a culture of sophomores -
           | literally wise fools, who know very little, but think they
           | know it all, and therefore don't have to listen to any expert
           | who actually has real knowledge.
           | 
           | It is considered obvious that at 5'6"/168cm, I was not born
           | with the attributes necessary to engage in a professional
           | basketball career. Yet the same kind of sorting based on
           | intelligence is considered something to not discuss, perhaps
           | getting too close to eugenics.
           | 
           | I strongly believe that the _opportunity_ should exist for
           | any person to get whatever level education they want, without
           | financial or other obstacles. But, with the caveat that it
           | cannot be dumbed-down - either you can understand and do the
           | work and pass, or you do not. The practices seen above, and
           | grade inflation in general need to be reset. The problem is
           | that failing your students is bad for business, so unlikely
           | that most colleges will reform.
        
             | andrewflnr wrote:
             | People at my state university would occasionally toss out
             | the catchphrase "Ds get degrees!". It made me sad. I agree
             | at minimum more people need to fail classes. If you want to
             | be nice, counter by allowing more attempts.
        
               | toss1 wrote:
               | >>counter by allowing more attempts
               | 
               | Excellent idea - retake any class once for nominal cost
               | (and you've already got the textbooks).
        
           | dataduck wrote:
           | Perhaps, but unfortunately #1 is more realistic.
        
       | EnlightenedBro wrote:
       | For those interested to learn more about Ivermectin, watch
       | JRE#1671 podcast episode. Lots of interesting information covered
       | about the drug by 2 biologists. It may change your views on this
       | for the better, or the worse.
        
         | vernie wrote:
         | You're better off if you only associate "JRE" with Java.
        
           | xdennis wrote:
           | People shouldn't be taking medical advice from JRE (or
           | celebrities (or politicians)), but what's wrong with his
           | podcast?
        
       | atty wrote:
       | What I find almost more interesting than the article itself is
       | the comments that show a non-zero portion of the HN community
       | (which I think is generally more intellectually curious and
       | educated than average) are actually strongly arguing that
       | ivermectin has strong effect, and even crazier, that it may be
       | safer or more effective than the mRNA vaccines.
       | 
       | Is this from being incapable of following science and drawing
       | rational conclusions? Or is it more of a tribal thing, where they
       | are exposed to a biased subset of information/misinformation, and
       | are now emotionally invested in the success of ivermectin because
       | their tribe is?
       | 
       | Either way, like someone else in the comments said, these past 2
       | years have shown us that laypeople are incapable of following
       | active science in real time and drawing reasoned conclusions.
       | Frankly, this is probably true of everyone who is not an expert
       | in the field in question. We need organizations like the CDC and
       | FDA to be much better about their messaging (remember the no-mask
       | debacle? Great way to lose credibility, guys and gals), and we
       | need much better tools to shut down the spread and weaponization
       | of misinformation from the anti-vax crowd et al. I honestly don't
       | have any idea of how either of those get fixed, however.
        
         | doliveira wrote:
         | Seems like you guys should take a look at Brazil as a
         | cautionary tale for what happens when these miracle treatments
         | are adopted by politically inclined doctors and sold to the
         | masses as the magical solution.
        
           | listless wrote:
           | Source?
        
         | pigeonhole123 wrote:
         | I could change every assumption in this comment to the opposite
         | and it would make just as much or little sense.
         | 
         | You can't pretend to be searching for truth if your solution to
         | the problem of people making mistakes is to shut down any
         | possible way to discuss the disagreement. I just find the
         | cognitive dissonance on display here staggering. How do you you
         | know you're right? Have you ever been wrong? I suppose you knew
         | at the time that you were wrong? Or maybe you just know that
         | this time you're right?
        
         | obelos wrote:
         | Is there a name for a cognitive bias that predisposes one
         | toward favoring iconoclastic positions solely for their
         | novelty? Because that seems fairly endemic in the tech
         | industry.
        
           | ysleepy wrote:
           | Being a contrarian fits that description somewhat.
        
         | rajin444 wrote:
         | Your post is assuming a lot of this science is "settled". I
         | don't think science is settled - especially in this field.
         | Acknowledging that your own statements may be incorrect might
         | help you down the path to figuring out a fix.
         | 
         | Hint: as soon as you know you're right, and you make statements
         | based on that, when you're inevitably wrong (not saying this in
         | a disparaging way - making sense and being right through all
         | this is nearly impossible), you will lose all trust.
        
         | tigershark wrote:
         | It's because on this website there is a huge number of people
         | that just drink whatever is the kool-aid du jour that goes
         | around in the right side disinformation circles and social
         | networks.
         | 
         | Imagine to oppose a perfectly safe vaccine that has been
         | administered 6 BILLION times all around the world and that has
         | a proven efficacy of at least one order of magnitude against
         | delta variant and to push for a horse dewormer (that bear in
         | mind it's perfectly effective for what is used for.. killing
         | parasites, not viruses)
         | 
         | I think it's because a lot of the HN demographic has quite a
         | big overlap with the people that use social networks where all
         | this bullshit originates and it is amplified and it spreads.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | eloff wrote:
         | For me I see the controversy here and I figure it could fall
         | either way. Maybe it works, maybe it's just another
         | hydroxychloroquine. I'm keeping an open mind. In no way should
         | anyone be thinking it's safer or more effective than the mRNA
         | vaccines given how many people have had them and the vast
         | amount of data we have on that now. Any argument you can make
         | on that is just very weak because there isn't that kind of
         | rigorous supporting data on the Ivermectin side.
         | 
         | To the downvoters: put up or shut up. Your opinion doesn't
         | change the facts.
        
       | buescher wrote:
       | The lesson of ivermectin: a lot of medical studies that go
       | uncriticized because they're less controversial probably have
       | problems similar to the problems of the retracted Elgazzar study
       | and the other studies mentioned. Why else would these people
       | think they would get away with it?
        
       | defaultprimate wrote:
       | Studies are irrelevant at this point, when we have population
       | level data of over a billion people across India and Africa, and
       | the massive disparities between states/countries that utilized
       | Ivermectin, and those that did not. The drug is safe enough to be
       | used based on this data alone.
       | 
       | https://www.thedesertreview.com/opinion/columnists/indias-iv...
       | 
       | https://www.thedesertreview.com/news/national/indias-ivermec...
       | 
       | https://www.thedesertreview.com/opinion/columnists/indias-iv...
       | 
       | https://www.thedesertreview.com/opinion/columnists/indias-iv...
       | 
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7968425/
       | 
       | https://journals.lww.com/americantherapeutics/fulltext/2021/...
        
         | walterbell wrote:
         | At this point, news articles should include a bar chart for
         | health interventions, including a three year projection of
         | vendor revenue, tax costs, quality-adjusted life years,
         | societal collateral damage, and risks based on prior usage.
         | 
         | When one option has billions of revenue at stake, investors
         | will pay for more/focused studies vs an option to reuse low-
         | cost generics. Unfortunately, or fortunately, desperate humans
         | have skipped trials of both vaccines and early treatments, so
         | there is data on both.
        
         | NotSammyHagar wrote:
         | If you are fixated on conspiracy claims against your amazing
         | scientific discovery - pretty much you are always wrong, that's
         | true for perpetual motion machines, faster than light drives
         | (that's the one I hope could be right), extra-ordinary life
         | extensions for microbes applies to humans (wish that one could
         | be right), and covid. If you use opinion columns from obscure
         | news sources to prove you are right, almost always wrong too.
         | 
         | Ivermectin is safe enough to take, the important question is
         | does it do any good against covid. At best it doesn't hurt you
         | and it's unclear, but probably does nothing. It's certain there
         | is no international pharmaceutical conspiracy trying to block
         | discussion of it. That's different than trying to avoid showing
         | incorrect medical information to people during a worldwide
         | medical emergency. The hospitals in my state are full of
         | idiotic non-vaxed covid victims. The latest thing is a
         | conspiracy that the hospital won't treat them with ivermectin
         | because they want them to die.
         | 
         | People are just killing themselves because of their bizarre and
         | irrational resistance to safe, life-saving vaccinations and
         | preference for random spoutings on the internet to research
         | proven treatments. Do people challenge their math professors in
         | college because they don't consult fox news for the truth? No.
         | I don't have much hope for our future when we can't get these
         | simple things right. It's like a new dark ages has come upon
         | us. But the truth is we humans were always this foolish.
        
       | gambler wrote:
       | So, they demand to change an established scientific practice
       | because they don't like the results it produced in a particular
       | case. And then everyone wonders why people no longer "trust the
       | science".
        
         | simonh wrote:
         | The asked for the papers to be revised because they found and
         | presented specific clear evidence the data was invalid.
         | 
         | If by "don't like results" you mean "don't like clearly invalid
         | and possibly fraudulent results", then yes. Correct.
        
         | nostoc wrote:
         | Is meta analysis of unpublished result really such an
         | established scientific practice?
        
           | gambler wrote:
           | From the article you're commenting on:
           | 
           |  _" We recognize that this is a change to long-accepted
           | practice and is substantially more rigorous than the
           | standards that are typically currently applied"_
           | 
           | Meta-analyses generally follow certain pre-established
           | standards. That's the whole point of such studies.
           | 
           | It's one thing to claim that authors of a particular meta-
           | study broke the standards. _This is not being claimed here._
           | It 's an entirely different thing to claim that the standards
           | themselves are broken and need to be changed generally. This
           | is a huge claim that casts doubt on tons of prior research.
           | 
           | Maybe we do need more rigorous rules for meta-analysis.
           | However, if that's the case, it should be true for all
           | research of this type, not just papers examining
           | "interventions for COVID-19" (as the article suggests).
           | 
           | Hence, my take on this. It's reasonable to question
           | scientific standards if you are willing to demonstrate that
           | they are really broken. (This was done with p-hacking, for
           | example.) It's not reasonable to say that a _specific subject
           | in research_ should have different evidentiary standards
           | because of controversy around one drug.
        
           | tptacek wrote:
           | I think you're dignifying this comment, which objects to the
           | authors request that meta-studies not include fraudulent
           | analyses in their inputs as an unwarranted "change to
           | established practice".
        
       | programmarchy wrote:
       | How does the current field of studies compare to Remdesivir?
       | Remdesivir is a repurposed antiviral (originally designed for
       | Ebola) with fairly low efficacy, and very severe side effects,
       | and it breezed through FDA emergency authorization. I don't
       | understand why it seems that the bar is set so low for
       | Remdesivir, but so high for Ivermectin.
        
         | lez wrote:
         | And even lower for the vaccines.
         | 
         | Ivermectin has been used with marginal side effects, since
         | decades.
        
         | sjg007 wrote:
         | Are you sure about that?
         | https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa2007764
        
           | programmarchy wrote:
           | No, I don't think anyone is, because there are also studies
           | that show no benefit: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lani
           | nf/article/PIIS1473-3...
           | 
           | However, I've also heard there's a new study coming out from
           | Gilead that demonstrates Remdesivir is highly effective when
           | administered in early treatment.
           | 
           | So perhaps the efficacy depends when treatment is given. And
           | if that's the case, then meta-studies actually become very
           | important, because they can reveal hidden factors like
           | dosage, demographic, when to administer treatment, etc.
        
         | simonh wrote:
         | >How does the current field of studies compare to Remdesivir?
         | 
         | Remdesivir has three randomised controlled trials all of which
         | indicate statistically significant effects, and there don't
         | seem to be any credible challenges to these trials results.
         | Currently given the concerns about the irregularities in the
         | data in it's existing trials, Ivermectin has none.
        
           | swader999 wrote:
           | Say goodbye to your kidneys.
        
         | droptablemain wrote:
         | I think you answered your own question -- Remdesivir is an
         | antiviral and Ivermectin is an antiparasite.
        
           | programmarchy wrote:
           | It's not that simple. For example, a protease inhibitor could
           | have effects on biological functions that exist in viral and
           | parasitic infections. And both Remdesivir and Ivermectin [1]
           | have been observed to have antiviral properties in vitro.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016635
           | 422...
        
             | veemjeem wrote:
             | Many things are effective against covid-19 in-vitro. When
             | it was administered in hamsters, there was no effect on
             | viral load.
             | 
             | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.21.392639v1
        
       | gwerbret wrote:
       | I'm going to make what is probably a controversial statement,
       | which is that, in my experience, most meta-analyses are trash.
       | 
       | A meta-analysis is usually grounded on the assumption that an
       | aggregation of multiple, well-conducted studies can provide
       | significant information that may not be evident by taking each
       | study individually. Essential to this assumption is the premise
       | that those studies included in the meta-analysis be
       | scientifically rigorous in themselves. Unfortunately, this is
       | almost never the case. The great utility of the meta-analysis in
       | the clinical literature is such that there have emerged a series
       | of standards for how to conduct such analyses, such as
       | controlling for bias, controlling for variability, etc. These
       | seldom include actual assessment of the scientific quality of the
       | studies, as this is harder to standardize. Consequently, there is
       | a preponderance of meta-analyzes that come to conclusions that
       | are simply not justified, because the studies themselves were not
       | scientifically rigorous.
       | 
       | I believe this applies to the situation of ivermectin, and it
       | just so happens that this is the thrust of the point raised in
       | the Nature article cited here.
        
         | aabaker99 wrote:
         | I am also skeptical of meta-analyses.
         | 
         | I will re-post some thoughts I have previously shared from John
         | P.A. Ioannidis who is a professor of medicine and thoughtful
         | critic of medical research. He often raises good points about
         | trends in research and research ethics. His view is that meta-
         | analyses are mass produced, redundant, misleading, and
         | conflicted [1]!
         | 
         | One criticism of meta-analyses in [1], using anti-depressants
         | as a case study: "the results of several meta-analytic
         | evaluations that addressed the effectiveness of and/or
         | tolerability for diverse antidepressants showed that their
         | ranking of antidepressants was markedly different. These
         | studies had been conducted by some of the best meta-analysts in
         | the world, all of them researchers with major contributions in
         | the methods of meta-analysis and extremely experienced in its
         | conduct. However, among 12 considered drugs, paroxetine ranked
         | anywhere from first to tenth best and sertraline ranked
         | anywhere from second to tenth best."
         | 
         | I like this quote because it highlights the conflict of
         | interest and misleading-ness(or at least reproducibility
         | problems) with meta-analyses. Antidepressants have a huge
         | amount of primary research dedicated to them. They also have
         | the attention of researchers experienced in meta-analysis. Yet,
         | meta-analyses do not agree with each other (and in fact they
         | strongly disagree with each other).
         | 
         | [1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27620683/
        
         | tantalor wrote:
         | FiveThirtyEight weights its averages by pollster
         | accuracy/methodology.
         | 
         |  _Next, we determine how much weight to give each poll in our
         | average. First, polls conducted by pollsters with higher
         | FiveThirtyEight pollster ratings -- a letter grade measuring
         | how accurate and methodologically sound pollsters are -- are
         | given more weight_
         | 
         | https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/how-were-tracking-joe-b...
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | There is no equivalent feedback mechanism in medical
           | research. Other than looking for retracted papers, we don't
           | have a reliable way to quantify whether a particular author
           | is "correct" more often than another.
        
             | antman wrote:
             | The author's Hindex could be an initial weighting factor
        
         | calibas wrote:
         | It's so easy to abuse meta-analysis, you simply modify the
         | inclusion criteria until you get the results you're looking
         | for.
        
         | Spellman wrote:
         | Meta-analysis have a good place. But they also have known
         | flaws/assumptions.
         | 
         | Often it is impractical to perform large studies. Partially by
         | logistics and often by funding. But if there are lots of
         | smaller studies you can aggregate the data to check for overall
         | significant results. But mainly they are helpful to give a
         | "survey" of the current research instead of having to link to
         | 10 different studies and hope someone else sorts out what the
         | data says.
         | 
         | But as you point out, there are two major flaws in the
         | assumptions. First, that the scientific procedure is sound.
         | Secondly, that the data is handled properly, and thus you can
         | take the summary and back out the underlying data.
         | 
         | Unfortunately trying to fix the first is really, really hard.
         | 
         | The second is somewhat mitigatable. As the Nature article
         | suggests, you could publish the underlying data (anonymized of
         | course). This would help in two ways. First, the meta-analysis
         | could check for confounding variables to control across _all_
         | of the data. The second major one is it would help people spot
         | fraudulent data.
         | 
         | However, as anyone who handles datasets knows, publishing and
         | wrangling data into a useable state from multiple sources is a
         | serious pain in the neck. Plus a lot of concerns about how de-
         | anonymized the data would be. As we've known, with enough
         | metadata it can be used to identify individuals. And publicly
         | publishing dais data would definitely allow for some serious
         | sleuthing work to be done.
        
           | rscho wrote:
           | I've published (and still am publishing) multiple meta
           | analyses. IMO,meta analysis on aggregate data is an h-index
           | gaming machine that can never increase the value of its
           | constituents. The amount of missing info in aggregate data is
           | such that it's _always_ impossible to know if the constituent
           | studies really draw from the same population, which is the
           | cornerstone of meta analysis. And that's very practical,
           | because most authors (myself included) mainly use meta
           | analysis as a means to build a career, and not at all for
           | doing science. IMO, current clinical research has very little
           | science left in it. That's a huge shame, and it's a real
           | priority to make that change!
        
           | aeternum wrote:
           | What do you think about the ability for researches to pick &
           | choose which papers to include in a meta-analysis?
           | 
           | Double-blind is important for a reason, researchers are
           | exceedingly good at proving what they want to prove even if
           | subconscious, can meta-analysis studies ever overcome this?
        
           | trts wrote:
           | The problem I saw with the Ivermectin metastudies (which I
           | did a fair amount of research on given that people close to
           | me had decided to employ it as a prophylactic against Covid)
           | was that the people who did the metanalyses were trained to
           | read the results rather than grapple with the methodology and
           | statistics.
           | 
           | None of the study results were robust, but many of the study
           | outcomes were positive. So they were counting up positive
           | outcomes and saying that more often than not, it was evidence
           | that Ivermectin was effective.
           | 
           | This is a good means of generating a hypothesis, but a bad
           | means of generating a conclusion.
           | 
           | Most of these studies were not in any way controlled or
           | comparable in their conditions, and some had a very low
           | number of observations. It didn't seem plausible that the
           | data could be aggregated together.
           | 
           | It will be very interesting to see the results of the larger
           | RCTs underway. Regardless of the outcome there _has_ to be a
           | lesson for at least some people who arrived at fervent
           | conclusions about what a miracle/scam this particular drug
           | is. Unfortunately it seems unlikely that it will be a lesson
           | that endures.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | The federal government has specific guidance on how to meet
           | the legal criteria for de-identifying clinical data. Once
           | researchers meet that standard they're generally free to
           | publish raw data, unless there's a stricter standard imposed
           | by state law or some sort of institutional review board.
           | 
           | https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-
           | professionals/privacy/special-...
        
         | gnicholas wrote:
         | Do researchers ever pre-register their studies when they do
         | meta analyses? Pre-registration makes sense for the timing of
         | doing actual studies, but not as much in the case of meta
         | analyses (which presumably happen on a much faster timeline).
         | 
         | But given what we've seen with p-hacking, it seems like it
         | could be good if people pre-registered their meta analyses
         | before crunching the numbers.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Sure some researchers do pre-register their meta analysis
           | studies on clinicaltrials.gov. It's generally optional. Of
           | course there's nothing stopping a dishonest researcher from
           | doing a little secret p-hacking before pre-registering.
        
           | mohammad_ali85 wrote:
           | For systematic reviews there are one of two ways that I'm
           | aware of: PROSPERO [1] and Cochrane[2]. Cochrane is slightly
           | more rigorous for conducting a review of this type. Although
           | you do declare what meta-analyses you intend to do, you can't
           | be overly explicit as it is largely dependent on the number
           | of studies that are returned in your search strategy. For
           | example two studies is too small for a meta-analysis so you
           | would do a narrative review (discuss what you found).
           | 
           | [1]https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/
           | 
           | [2]https://www.cochranelibrary.com
        
           | rscho wrote:
           | Good practices dictate that preregistration should always be
           | done nowadays, including for meta-analysis. In practice
           | though, this has very little impact. There is absolutely no
           | guarantee that what's written in the paper is a faithful
           | report of what really happened. There's nothing holding back
           | dishonest (or, at that point I guess I should write
           | 'standard') researcher from doing absolutely whatever they
           | want.
        
         | derbOac wrote:
         | So I'm someone who has published several meta-analyses of
         | different forms, and written about meta-analysis as a topic.
         | 
         | I won't disagree with you that there are many poorly conducted
         | meta-analyses. However, I think there's many well-done meta-
         | analyses as well, and most importantly maybe meta-analyses
         | aren't really different from anything else in life: some are
         | good, some are bad, and many are in between.
         | 
         | One thing I've always argued is that meta-analyses have as a
         | benefit a way of honing discussion around concrete specifics.
         | The linked paper, for example, exists in part because there was
         | a meta-analysis drawing attention to the literature at large.
         | There's a decent chance that these studies would never be
         | discussed if there wasn't a spotlight being pointed at the
         | area.
         | 
         | With reviews, what happens is people pick and choose studies
         | anyway, or don't, and then come to some subjective conclusion
         | that's based on some unclear process. Meta-analysis makes all
         | of this clear, and forces everyone to be absolutely explicit
         | (or as explicit as can be) about how they're coming to their
         | conclusions. If there's something wrong with it, then you can
         | point to the specifics of that instead of going back and forth.
         | 
         | The problem with relying on definitive studies alone is that
         | sometimes there will be more than one of them, or there won't
         | be any definitive study, but many decently-done studies. Or the
         | "definitive" study will have some controversial feature that
         | doesn't clearly rule it out, but clouds the waters in a way
         | that several smaller studies might draw attention to.
         | Alternatively, there might be important heterogeneity across
         | designs that illuminates moderating variables (like dose, or
         | environmental context, or gender, or age, or whatever).
         | 
         | This paper is about meta-analysis of summary statistics, which
         | to me is kind of bringing up a red herring. Statistically
         | speaking if you can calculate the right summary statistics, the
         | results should be the same as having the raw data. Issues about
         | irregularities in results apply to raw as well as summary
         | statistics; it also seems unrealistic to expect raw data in
         | every case, and journals don't apply that standard either (that
         | is, journals don't expect reviewers to reanalyze the data from
         | scratch).
         | 
         | What's really needed is open data sharing, and scrutiny about
         | studies that increases as the stakes of the results increase. I
         | can speak to cases where I've been surprised at the state of
         | the raw data, even in situations where the whole point of the
         | study was to skeptically replicate a finding. Maybe for
         | something like invermectin raw data analyses are appropriate.
         | But it seems absurd to expect to throw out studies in the
         | literature just because you don't have access to the raw data
         | in every case.
        
           | rscho wrote:
           | Even meta-analysis conducted strictly according to PRISMA can
           | be fraught with many issues. IMO, meta analysis is very
           | vulnerable to bias in the base data and the honesty of
           | multiple researchers, all while p-hacking and various other
           | tricks to make papers sexier are already the norm. Forcing
           | open data would certainly improve things but would not solve
           | the problem of dishonesty in research, since authors would
           | simply begin to withhold parts of their data that do not go
           | their way.
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | It's best to understand that the vast majority of literature is
         | just faulty. Either it's technically wrong (experimental
         | mistakes), or missing information (left out a step in the
         | methods), or the conclusions are not supported the (valid)
         | experiment.
         | 
         | Learning how to filter literature is non-trivial and I don't
         | think very many people do it successfully. I've found the best
         | thing is to take a group of aggressive smart grad students and
         | have them tear every paper apart until I'm convinced there are
         | no basic technical errors, and the conclusion is supported by
         | the evidence. Then and only then, would I care that the methods
         | were incomplete because I'd be ready to run a replication
         | experiment, and many of my replications failed because the
         | methods section was not sufficient (missing steps, misleading
         | instructions, challenging step).
        
         | whiddershins wrote:
         | I agree with your general point but in all fairness part of
         | doing a meta-analysis is weighting the studies included in it
         | based on many of the factors you mention.
        
       | mechE321 wrote:
       | The Bayesian gambler in me wants to think this:
       | 
       | The studies on ivermectin seem to be split between "good effect"
       | and "no effect," and there don't seem to be any (by my extremely
       | informal review! going off of memory here) in the camp of "bad
       | effect."
       | 
       | Seems reasonable to take ivermectin as a decent gamble to me
       | while we wait on the dang science to get its head out of its
       | butt.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | Be very careful _how much_ you take:
         | https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/0...
         | 
         | Remember that the _in vitro_ study that gets cited a lot used a
         | concentration that would be lethal in humans.
        
           | rubatuga wrote:
           | Poison control center calls are not poisonings. There were no
           | significant increases in hospitalizations due to ivermectin.
           | It's a fear-mongering article.
        
             | simpleguitar wrote:
             | googling for "ivermectin hospitalizations" shows actual
             | hospitalizations from ivermectin.
             | 
             | Maybe they are not "significant" enough for you.
             | 
             | Anyways, I've seen enough "iver" posts on [1] to keep me
             | away from it.
             | 
             | [1] https://old.reddit.com/r/HermanCainAward/
        
         | NotSammyHagar wrote:
         | The reasonable thing is get vaccinated immediately. You could
         | also stick chili peppers in your butt, that probably won't hurt
         | either. It has as much ability to help as horse dewormer.
        
           | mpalczewski wrote:
           | Calling it horse dewormer is either propaganda, or just a
           | plain bad faith argument. The inventors of this drug won a
           | Nobel prize for the discovery and it's use in humans. It's
           | recognized as an essential drug.
        
             | wombatpm wrote:
             | But people are purchasing the horse version. What is the
             | conversion between a 50 mg tables and a tube of paste for a
             | 1200 lb animal? By using the wrong formulation you run the
             | risk of liver damage due to an overdose of ivermectin.
        
               | hackerNoose wrote:
               | That's a straw man. These people are of course doing
               | something dangerous but mainstream newspapers are
               | routinely calling doctor prescribed Ivermectin 'horse
               | dewormer'. Both 'camps' treatment of this subject has
               | been a real low water mark and it looks like the science
               | might be as well.
        
           | trompetenaccoun wrote:
           | "Reasonable" based on what risk/effect-analysis? For what age
           | group? I don't know how many 60 year olds browse HN but I'm
           | not going to take either experimental treatment for a disease
           | I don't even have any reason being scared of, based on the
           | actual data we have. The more hysterical part of society can
           | argue about this and inject themselves with whatever they
           | like for all I care, just leave the rest of us out of it. Not
           | everyone wants to live in fear and under dystopian rights
           | restrictions.
        
         | sgt101 wrote:
         | I would like to meet you in a casino. Type "Invermectin side
         | effects" into any search engine, read the links. These are "bad
         | effects".
         | 
         | The fraudulent studies (y'know, including dead patients,
         | patients that never existed, drugs that weren't administered
         | and so on) have shown a good effect.
         | 
         | The real studies unfortunately showed no effect.
         | 
         | My advice to you; don't gamble. Ever.
        
           | rubatuga wrote:
           | You need a better argument than that to convince somebody to
           | never gamble lol. Remember, it was also a gamble to trust the
           | WHO not to use masks early in the pandemic. We are making
           | gambles everyday.
        
             | sgt101 wrote:
             | >trust the WHO not to use masks early in the pandemic
             | 
             | That one was a very interesting story. The best informed
             | people made rational decisions to mask up, semi informed
             | believed the bad advice to do without, the least informed
             | acted randomly.
        
         | anoonmoose wrote:
         | We did this last year with hydroxychloroquine...all that
         | happened was that some Lupus patients had a hard time getting
         | their normal prescriptions filled.
         | 
         | The "bad effect" doesn't have to be strictly medical, and may
         | not show up in studies. It could be that other people who need
         | the medicine can't get it, it could be that it discourages
         | people from getting the vaccine, it could just be that we are
         | lighting a pile of money on fire for no reasons (that's bad,
         | right?).
        
           | josephcsible wrote:
           | > all that happened was that some Lupus patients had a hard
           | time getting their normal prescriptions filled.
           | 
           | Could we actually not manufacture enough of it, or were
           | activist pharmacists just refusing to fill prescriptions of
           | it?
        
         | simpleguitar wrote:
         | If iver is a good gamble, then wouldn't the vaccine be a better
         | gamble?
         | 
         | After all, unlike iver, there is very good hospitalization data
         | about vaccinated vs unvaccinated now.
        
           | rory wrote:
           | This is true, but just because the two are on opposite sides
           | of the culture war doesn't mean they're medically mutually
           | exclusive.
        
             | mint2 wrote:
             | I didn't realize the lottery gave out different odds based
             | on political affiliation.
             | 
             | Do republicans or liberals get better probabilities? Or is
             | it only for Covid related odds?
        
               | rory wrote:
               | I think you may have replied to the wrong comment, or at
               | least, I can't figure out how yours relates.
        
             | simpleguitar wrote:
             | Actually, it does.
             | 
             | The only reason one would be taking iver prophylactically,
             | is because one wasn't vaccinated. And the only reason to
             | take iver after covid symptoms develop is because you
             | didn't take the vaccine.
             | 
             | If one was vaccinated and are feeling sick enough to take
             | iver, she would be better off with oxygen and hospital SOC.
        
               | rory wrote:
               | It seems like you're just saying you don't believe
               | ivermectin works? That's fine and likely correct, but
               | logically it's completely unrelated to its mutual
               | exclusivity to the vaccine.
               | 
               | For instance, if you get tetanus after having the
               | vaccine, you'll still be given antibiotics. If someday
               | ivermectin _is_ proven to have a positive effect against
               | Covid, we won 't withhold it from vaccinated patients.
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | Ethical researchers will prematurely stop and publish a "no
         | effect" result for any medicine that has bad effects. That is,
         | unless the effects are so bad that they can't stop fast enough,
         | and they get to measure a statistically relevant harm.
         | 
         | Thus seeing "no effect" places an upper bound on how good an
         | effect you will see as "none", and a lower bound as "won't kill
         | most people quickly". That's not a good space to gamble into.
         | 
         | It took almost an year until the scientific community settled
         | down that HQC for treating COVID-19 is harmful. The actual
         | formal result is still "no effect and doing more studies is
         | anti-ethical" because nobody can tell exactly how harmful it
         | is. Probably nobody will ever be able to tell (and that's a
         | good thing).
        
       | The_rationalist wrote:
       | https://ivmmeta.com/
        
       | input_sh wrote:
       | https://archive.is/9EVIv
        
         | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | corona-research wrote:
       | You shall have no other medicine besides me.
        
       | hackingforfun wrote:
       | With all the criticism of the mRNA and other COVID vaccines,
       | which actually do have science backing them up, what is the
       | science that would make ivermectin actually work? It's an
       | antiparasitic drug. I see a lot of criticism of the COVID
       | vaccines, especially from the right, but then they are fine
       | taking hydroxychloroquine or ivermectin if there is any glimmer
       | of hope that they will work. I just don't get it. Maybe, just
       | _maybe_ , it's not all some big conspiracy, and the vaccines were
       | actually designed to help people? Is that so far fetched? Doesn't
       | taking something random like hydroxychloroquine or ivermectin
       | seem more far fetched? It does to me.
        
         | anshorei wrote:
         | Something being designed to help people doesn't make it good.
         | There's reason to believe vaccinating using a non-sterilizing
         | vaccine during a pandemic exerts an evolutionary pressure on
         | the virus that will lead to the vaccine becoming ineffective
         | and the the virus endemic. Considering the current
         | effectiveness of the vaccines a fully vaccinated population
         | will be worse off than a fully recovered population (though the
         | population that did not recover may find this rather morbid).
         | See natural immunity vs vaccine-induced immunity research in
         | Israel.
         | 
         | It's a lot harder to say how a fully vaccinated population will
         | fare compared to a fully unvaccinated population. In the short
         | term the unvaccinated population will certainly fare worse
         | (more sick, more dead), but at a population level they will
         | develop a stronger, longer lasting immunity and exert no mono-
         | directional pressure. While in the fully vaccinated population,
         | as long as the R0 is over 1 (which looks to be the case) the
         | virus will be driven towards escape variants, it might not
         | matter how many more people remain asymptomatic or how many
         | fewer people die when new variants keep driving the pandemic
         | forward and render the vaccines ineffective. It's population-
         | level immunity that ends pandemics, immunity works very
         | different on a population level than on an individual level.
         | 
         | Rather ironically if it turns out that this is indeed the case,
         | then the people getting the vaccine are the "selfish" ones
         | (protecting themselves short term from serious disease/death at
         | the long term cost of the wider population) rather than the
         | ones refusing the vaccine. Of course that's not entirely fair
         | because people are doing it with the best of intentions and not
         | out of "selfishness". I'm pointing this out more to demonstrate
         | that things just aren't as simple as the media likes to portray
         | it, i.e. with the non-vaccinated as the "selfish" ones.
         | 
         | If it turns out that vaccination campaigns do indeed do more
         | harm to the population long-term than good (something we'll
         | likely only know for certain after the pandemic is over or,
         | more likely at this point, has become endemic), then medicine
         | such as Ivermectin, even if only marginally effective at
         | combating COVID starts to look a lot more interesting because
         | it does not exert those same pressures on the virus.
         | 
         | There's several other ways the vaccines could end up hurting us
         | in the long term, such OAS (Original Antigenic Sin) or ADE
         | (Anti-body Dependent Enhancement), although it's looking really
         | good on those fronts right now so I'm not worried about those.
         | 
         | The discourse going on at the moment on in general is really
         | cancerous (even on HN sadly). As much as I find people who
         | believe that there is no virus, or that vaccines are made to
         | kill people, or following health advice from random internet
         | sensations to be ridiculous, I find myself far more worried by
         | the lack of intelligent discussion and the instant demonization
         | and name-calling of anyone who asks questions that are critical
         | of the vaccination campaigns. A large part of that I think is
         | that the anti-vaxxers have been given so much media-attention
         | (negative) that people assume anyone putting forward critical
         | opinions "must be one those" and can be dismissed without
         | notice.
         | 
         | No one knows what time will tell. Maybe this only has a one-in-
         | a-thousand chance of ending up being the case. But I think it
         | would be wise for people pushing for mandates to think about
         | how society will look back at the COVID19 pandemic in say 50
         | years, if it turns out that the vaccination campaigns had a
         | net-negative long-term effect. Is that really a risk we are
         | willing to take? My take is that it would be wise to keep safe
         | in any way we can: mask up, disinfect, get sun, keep fit,
         | socialize responsibly, etc. And to avoid radical action before
         | the science is settled, and vaccine mandates _are_ radical.
         | Science has a long history of settling on wrong for a while
         | before getting it right, let 's give it some time.
        
           | hackingforfun wrote:
           | I appreciate your answer and agree that in general it's good
           | to keep safe in any we can, including the things you
           | mentioned. I also agree that the discussion is quite
           | polarized, however, at this point I tend to think the vaccine
           | benefits outweigh the cons.
           | 
           | I'm wondering, at what point, if ever, would you decide that
           | the COVID vaccines are safe / worth it? Honest question.
           | 
           | Also, as someone else mentioned here [1], isn't natural
           | immunity plus vaccine-induced immunity considered even better
           | than natural immunity alone? I haven't fact checked this but
           | they said that was also found from one of the Israel studies.
           | Based on this, wouldn't it still make sense to get the
           | vaccine?
           | 
           | You also mentioned the media. Isn't it possible that
           | conservative media is also manipulating the truth for their
           | narrative? 90% of Fox News staff is vaccinated and yet they
           | still cast doubt on the vaccine [2]. Also, Tucker Carlson
           | won't say if he's been vaccinated or not [3], yet he's one of
           | the big proponents telling people not to get vaccinated. I
           | hear this criticism that the media is spreading
           | misinformation, but it seems like if that's the case, we
           | should consider that it could be happening on both sides.
           | 
           | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28617742
           | 
           | [2] https://www.theguardian.com/media/2021/sep/15/fox-news-
           | vacci...
           | 
           | [3] https://www.thedailybeast.com/cnn-host-alisyn-camerota-
           | calls...
        
             | swader999 wrote:
             | The vaccines are suitable for the vulnerable - older with
             | comorbidities. Vaccinating the entire population with a
             | leaky vaccine and a virus that can shift and live in animal
             | reservoirs is a recipe to breed more dangerous variants.
        
             | winocm wrote:
             | Antibiotic selection does not have the same dynamics as
             | viral evolution does.
             | 
             | This graphic demonstrates a good example as to the epitope
             | coverage across S by both B-cells and T-cells: https://www.
             | medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2021/07/05/202...
             | 
             | You would need to have a variant that selects past all of
             | the epitope coverage of both B/T-cell and bypasses affinity
             | maturation too. NTD and RBD already has great coverage, but
             | the rest of the pre-fusion spike confirmation used in
             | vaccines these days has even more coverage than just with
             | RBD alone. I think that's why BNT162b1 failed, as it was a
             | mRNA encoded receptor binding domain only.
             | 
             | Given how large the breadth (as in epitope coverage)
             | already is in RBD alone, you would most likely disrupt ACE2
             | receptor binding too at the same time if there was a such a
             | massive change all at once to render a vaccine useless.
             | 
             | If you managed to achieve an evolution rate of 250+ AA
             | substitutions extremely quickly, all in one fell swoop, I'd
             | have much much bigger concerns.
             | 
             | A lot of the variants these days select for escape for RBD
             | class 1 and 2 nAbs, even Mu as of now (R346K is in this
             | weird overlap between the different classes as per the
             | Barnes classification).
             | 
             | You may want to see the following:
             | 
             | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-021-00573-0
             | 
             | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2852-1
             | 
             | https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.abf9302
             | 
             | I think I read some others, but I'll have to dig through my
             | browser history more.
        
         | tzs wrote:
         | Here is an article from May 2020 about 15 drugs [1], including
         | hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin, that were being looked into
         | to see if they might help COVID. It goes into the mechanisms
         | that led researchers to believe they were worth looking at.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.nature.com/articles/d41591-020-00019-9
         | 
         | Edit: Oops...forgot to link the article. Added.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | hackingforfun wrote:
           | Interesting, thanks.
        
             | winocm wrote:
             | I really don't want to go back rehashing the point as to
             | why it doesn't work, mainly because finding all of the
             | references again and double checking the wording to make
             | sure it matches the literature is rather time consuming...
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28544765
        
               | hackingforfun wrote:
               | I'm not saying they do work. I just appreciated the
               | reference and thought it was interesting to read through.
               | I am pro-vaccine and think that is the most effective
               | course of action. Anyway, thanks for the link to your
               | other post.
        
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