[HN Gopher] Rediscovered Medieval Manuscript Offers New Twist on...
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       Rediscovered Medieval Manuscript Offers New Twist on Arthurian
       Legend
        
       Author : pseudolus
       Score  : 87 points
       Date   : 2021-09-22 11:25 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.smithsonianmag.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.smithsonianmag.com)
        
       | mathattack wrote:
       | Do recall the context... The Arthurian legends are not a story
       | with sole authorship, like the Lord of the Rings. These are
       | stories twisted and told by many different people. Perhaps the
       | modern analogy is Spider-Man. Within Marvel there are many
       | different varieties, and then you add on the fan driven
       | content...
       | 
       | For those deeply interested in different takes on Arthur,
       | Steinbeck [0] took a stab at it too. This sent me down a long
       | Arthurian rabbit hole.
       | 
       | [0]
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Acts_of_King_Arthur_and_...
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | They also mention Marvel comics in the article. Although, it
         | seems a bit less concrete than that. These stories were written
         | over the course of hundreds of years, and were often not really
         | collaborating at all, right? Like, Lancelot's characterization
         | can diverge pretty significantly depending on whether the
         | author is English or French, haha...
        
           | jfengel wrote:
           | Correct. Marvel has somebody in charge. A more apt parallel
           | is fanfic... except that there isn't any "canon". It's _all_
           | fanon.
           | 
           | In the Arthurian fanfic verse, a few authors get famous
           | enough that they form a kind of accepted canon. You're likely
           | to read Malory in school, because the faculty likes the
           | Malory version.
           | 
           | Try telling your teacher that you disagree with their
           | headcanon.
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | If you think there's trouble to be had when telling your
             | professor that you disagree about what's canon for a mythos
             | from 1000 years ago, you should not engage with believers
             | on what's canon vs not about a story about a Jewish
             | carpenter from, oh, about 2021 years ago. Definitely do NOT
             | question if that story has somebody in charge.
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | Some modern fan-driven content:
         | https://www.arthurkingoftimeandspace.com/
        
         | samizdis wrote:
         | Good grief. I had no idea that Steinbeck had written an
         | Arthurian tale - and based on Malory, to boot. I am so looking
         | forward to reading that. Thanks for the information.
        
           | sparky_z wrote:
           | Just wait until you find out about his werewolf murder
           | mystery :)
           | 
           | https://www.npr.org/2021/05/28/1001309335/a-young-john-
           | stein...
        
             | handrous wrote:
             | Or his WWII propaganda novel featuring not-Nazi occupied
             | not-Norway, and resistance fighters trying to commit
             | sabotage against the occupying force.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Moon_Is_Down
        
           | neaden wrote:
           | It really is very good, but unfortunately unfinished and was
           | unpublished in his lifetime.
        
           | heurisko wrote:
           | Before abandoning it for Paradise Lost, John Milton was also
           | going to theme his epic poem on Arthurian legend.
        
             | rsj_hn wrote:
             | I'd love to read a murder mystery by Milton
        
         | brightball wrote:
         | I wonder if that's why it's so difficult to look up specific
         | stories. I vividly recall reading one in my childhood about a
         | KotRT who sought out to challenge another who was supposed to
         | be unbeatable during daylight, but insisted on waiting to
         | challenge him at his best rather than his weakest. Always
         | thought it was a great honor story and I can't for the life of
         | me find it.
        
           | silicon2401 wrote:
           | I would suggest asking on reddit if you can't find it here.
           | I've actually managed to find some things that I had been
           | seeking for over a decade through places like reddit.
        
             | dspillett wrote:
             | https://scifi.stackexchange.com/ might also be a good place
             | to ask, story identification threads are common and often
             | answered quickly if sufficient detail is given (or the
             | asker is lucky).
        
           | bct wrote:
           | "The Kitchen Knight" has this plot element:
           | https://www.penguinrandomhouse.ca/books/590413/the-
           | kitchen-k...
           | 
           | In this version it's the Red Knight who is strongest at noon
           | (IIRC).
        
             | brightball wrote:
             | That's the one!
        
               | PeterCorless wrote:
               | Note that this "strength was greatest at noon" was also
               | said to be true about Gawaine, and there is a version of
               | a combat where after the noon hour his strength waxed and
               | he was defeated.
               | 
               | "According to the Vulgate Mort Artu, Gawain had been
               | baptised as an infant by a miracle-working holy man, also
               | named Gawain, who named the boy after himself, and the
               | following day announced that every day at noon, at the
               | hour of the baptism, his power and strength will
               | increase."
        
           | naufragios wrote:
           | IIRC Gawain is the knight who is strongest at noon.
        
             | brightball wrote:
             | The details I remember, the one he wanted to challenge was
             | the Red Knight (I _think_ ) and the other detail of the
             | story that I remember was whoever was going to challenge
             | him initially didn't have any armor and kept collecting
             | pieces from other knights that he defeated along the way.
             | 
             | I think it might have been Gawain now that you mention it.
             | Pretty sure it started with a G so I kept thinking
             | Gallahad.
             | 
             | EDIT: Found it! Sir Gareth!
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gareth#Le_Morte_d'Arthur
        
           | groby_b wrote:
           | I think that's probably based on the story line about
           | Lancelot wounding Gawain with Balin's sword. Somewhere in
           | Morte d'Arthur, but I don't recall the "wait to be at his
           | best" part.
           | 
           | It sounds like a Hollywood addition to the story, so maybe a
           | movie?
        
       | PeterCorless wrote:
       | Okay... So former Arthurian publisher here. For folks who are
       | semi-familiar with the canon of existing literature, what they
       | found corresponds with the well-known "Story of Merlin" from the
       | Lancelot-Vulgate Cycle. Like, we already have this story in
       | print.
       | 
       | [Look up "Lancelot-Grail: 2. The Story of Merlin: The Old French
       | Arthurian Vulgate and Post-Vulgate in Translation (Lancelot-
       | Grail: The Old French Arthurian Vulgate and Post-Vulgate in
       | Translation"] and get yourself a modern English translated
       | paperback version of this "lost" Arthurian story.]
       | 
       | There is nothing particularly new or unique here apart from the
       | fact that this is a new _copy_ of what we already know.
       | 
       | The article points out that if anything, this is a slightly
       | Bowdlerized version of the already-extant story that took out the
       | spicy parts about how the Lady of the Lake cast a spell on her
       | lady bits to prevent the horn-dog Merlin from getting at them.
        
       | arbitrage wrote:
       | The part of the article that describes the new (old?) twist is
       | all the way at the end:
       | 
       | The team found that the account differed from other versions of
       | the story in several key ways. A sexual encounter between Merlin
       | and Viviane, also known as the Lady of the Lake, is "slightly
       | toned-down," Tether tells the Guardian.
       | 
       | She adds:
       | 
       | > In most manuscripts of the better known [version], Viviane
       | casts a spell whereby three names are written on her groin that
       | prevent Merlin from sleeping with her. In several manuscripts of
       | the lesser-known version, these names are written on a ring
       | instead. In our fragments, this is taken one step further: the
       | names are written on a ring, but they also prevent anyone
       | speaking to her. So the Bristol Merlin gets rid of unchaste
       | connotations by removing reference to both Viviane's groin and
       | the idea of Merlin sleeping with her.
       | 
       | Merlin's image has changed dramatically over the centuries. In
       | more modern versions of the King Arthur legends, he is a wise
       | advisor to the king. In the earliest iterations of the story,
       | however, Campbell says he was a "morally dubious" magical seer or
       | even a "creepy little boy [whose] father is a devil."
        
         | mistrial9 wrote:
         | there are plenty of folk-tale rewrites that cast "magic" people
         | as morally dubious, creepy and yes, servants of the Devil.. who
         | wrote those? any agenda detectable?
        
           | a1369209993 wrote:
           | > any agenda detectable?
           | 
           | Yes. It's a pro-manipulative-psychopath agenda. People with
           | great social influence - priests, politicians/nobles, pillars
           | of the community - by definition rely on soft power and
           | social status. People with inherent power of their own -
           | wizards, superheroes, or more mundanely scientists or hackers
           | - are able to ignore or at least resist social power, and are
           | consequently a threat. To the extent that that threat is seen
           | as credible (and magic users _were_ historically seen as
           | credible), social power will be deployed to vilify and
           | discredit them. (Of course, in practice a lot of it is just
           | cultural inertia /established narrative tropes from previous
           | cases.)
        
           | exolymph wrote:
           | This is just normal.
           | 
           | > In nearly every documented society, people believe that
           | some misfortunes are caused by malicious group mates using
           | magic or supernatural powers. Here I report cross-cultural
           | patterns in these beliefs and propose a theory to explain
           | them. Using the newly created Mystical Harm Survey, I show
           | that several conceptions of malicious mystical practitioners,
           | including sorcerers (who use learned spells), possessors of
           | the evil eye (who transmit injury through their stares and
           | words), and witches (who possess superpowers, pose
           | existential threats, and engage in morally abhorrent acts),
           | recur around the world. I argue that these beliefs develop
           | from three cultural selective processes: a selection for
           | intuitive magic, a selection for plausible explanations of
           | impactful misfortune, and a selection for demonizing myths
           | that justify mistreatment. Separately, these selective
           | schemes produce traditions as diverse as shamanism,
           | conspiracy theories, and campaigns against heretics -- but
           | around the world, they jointly give rise to the odious and
           | feared witch. I use the tripartite theory to explain the
           | forms of beliefs in mystical harm and outline 10 predictions
           | for how shifting conditions should affect those conceptions.
           | Societally corrosive beliefs can persist when they are
           | intuitively appealing or they serve some believers' agendas.
           | 
           | https://www.gwern.net/docs/sociology/2021-singh.pdf
        
           | krapp wrote:
           | That's syncretism - what happened almost every time
           | Christianity began to take over a pagan culture. The former
           | gods/spirits, etc. become recast as demonic or malevolent,
           | and of course any "occult" practices (which were, formerly,
           | simply religious practices) are viewed as Satanic practice
           | and witchcraft. This is partly due to attempts by Christian
           | authorities to de-legitimize the former religion, but also
           | attempts to _preserve_ the former culture and its religious
           | practices in a new context.
           | 
           | Norse mythology is a particularly interesting example,
           | because all we have of it is post-Christian retellings, and
           | many parts of it (like Baldr's death and resurrection) seem
           | an awful lot like Christianity with the serial numbers filed
           | off.
        
           | Bayart wrote:
           | Pagan literature has plenty of creepy magical and divine
           | beings. Just look at the Odyssey.
        
             | krapp wrote:
             | Of course, "creepy" is relative and contextual. The way we
             | interpret the morality of the ancient Greek gods and other
             | such beings is not necessarily the way their native
             | cultures would have seen them. Zeus being a profligate
             | shapeshifting rapist was not a big deal in a society where
             | women were granted the same degree of consent as cattle.
        
             | pdabbadabba wrote:
             | The Norse (and especially Icelandic) sagas also demonstrate
             | this pretty starkly, and are from a related tradition to
             | the Arthurian legends. In those, people with magical powers
             | very clearly tend to be portrayed as creepy weirdos--and
             | also, for whatever reason, tend to be from the Hebrides.
        
         | jkestner wrote:
         | A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court has my canonical
         | Merlin. Something of a jealous Rasputin.
        
       | dash2 wrote:
       | Big shout out to the Morte d'Arthur. I read it last year and at
       | first found it hard to get into. There's tons of repetitive
       | tournaments and jousting... the Marvel analogy is not wrong, it's
       | a bit like a comic book. But gradually the characters get into
       | your head, and the final conflict between Lancelot and Arthur
       | really hits hard.
        
       | mistrial9 wrote:
       | don't forget A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court ;-)
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Connecticut_Yankee_in_King_A...
        
         | bobthechef wrote:
         | That was an exercise in anti-Catholic bigotry on the part of
         | Twain. "[I]t is to be considered a shameful period piece,
         | written at a time when it was acceptable and even laudatory to
         | be a Know-Nothing and make up slanders about the Catholic
         | Church"[0]. It also exposes Twain's childish faith in
         | democracy.
         | 
         | [0] https://gloriaromanorum.blogspot.com/2008/07/connecticut-
         | big...
        
           | rsj_hn wrote:
           | yes, that's true, but it's a great story and today most
           | people don't care about the various social satires in it.
           | Just like Dante placed lots of his political and social
           | opponents in Hell, but it goes over the heads of most
           | readers, who in any case are more interested in the timeless
           | qualities of the story than the bickering about long
           | forgotten debates.
        
           | 0134340 wrote:
           | The author of that article who kept looking for reasons to be
           | offended bluntly dismisses the Church's endorsement of
           | slavery because it was standard practice at the time while
           | also basically calling Twain a bigot because of his southern
           | American-based view of Catholicism, which was also standard
           | practice at the time.
           | 
           | You and the author both act both bigoted and ignorant towards
           | Twain and call him childish in response to perceived bigotry.
           | Twain was also not an atheist, he was a deist who attended
           | church regularly. Someone can be of a religion and also
           | criticize religion, it doesn't mean they're an atheist
           | because as we all know, religions aren't perfect. But at
           | least to the author's credit, he took a bit higher road than
           | you and didn't go as far as calling Twain "childish".
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | all2 wrote:
         | This is one of my favorites. Merlin in this always cracks me
         | up. Also the protagonists learned knowledge is fascinating to
         | me. The guy goes and creates a bunch of stuff from scratch and
         | knows all the bits that go into the things. I always wonder if
         | my education had been lacking, just because of this story.
        
           | javajosh wrote:
           | My sense is that there was a sweet spot in the late 18th to
           | mid-20th century when modern(ish) things were still built by
           | human hands, mostly using simple tools, so people could learn
           | to build (and repair) those things for themselves. That
           | accessibility was partly recreated in the 80's with the PC,
           | but things have shrunk down and become hermetically sealed
           | with fewer ports, switches and physical buttons. And memory
           | density has increased to the point where even sophisticated
           | users will never understand all the software running on their
           | machine. Cars have become far more complex than their
           | mid-20th century counterparts, to the point where few people
           | even check or change oil.
           | 
           | Americans are born and bred these days to be administrators
           | of some kind, where all physical and digital goods and
           | services can be purchased on the virtual open market behind
           | touch-sensitive glass. If that glass breaks, you call a (low
           | status) worker to fix it; if something behind the glass
           | breaks, you complain to a (slightly higher status) worker to
           | fix it. You yourself don't do or make anything - you allocate
           | funds and then, at most, measure progress and outcomes.
           | 
           | Such an admin does not make a usable character like that in
           | Twain. In fact, neither would either of the two low status
           | workers, since they only "make" at the tip of an enormous
           | world-spanning supply chain. You'd need to be a machinist,
           | metallurgist or chemist with an interest in low-tech methods.
           | Pretty rare.
        
             | handrous wrote:
             | High goods prices relative to wages force you to learn to
             | fix stuff if you want to, like, have things that work (or,
             | at least, they encourage quite a few people to learn how to
             | fix stuff, so they can do it for others, for pay).
             | 
             | High wages relative to goods prices means everything's
             | disposable. I might try to repair a $300 toaster. I might
             | pay someone else to repair a $600 toaster. I'm not going to
             | try to repair a $20 toaster, and I'm sure as _shit_ not
             | gonna pay someone else to fix it. I 'll just buy a new
             | toaster.
             | 
             | [EDIT] incidentally, saying "there's too much waste of X"
             | is, in most cases, nearly identical to saying "X is too
             | cheap". See: food waste. "Why do we waste _so much_ food?!
             | " because it's so cheap relative to labor that it's not
             | worth the effort to waste less of it.
        
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