[HN Gopher] Byte Magazine Volume 07 Number 08 - Logo (1982)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Byte Magazine Volume 07 Number 08 - Logo (1982)
        
       Author : susam
       Score  : 120 points
       Date   : 2021-09-21 10:13 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (archive.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (archive.org)
        
       | datavirtue wrote:
       | Luckily my grandfather saved his Byte magazines and gave me the
       | stack when I was about 12 yrs old (early 90s). I lived deep in
       | the countryside and these were my only glimpse at the industry at
       | the time and led to me seeking out other languages beside BASIC.
        
       | ylee wrote:
       | Learning Logo in elementary school is how I was introduced to the
       | concept of recursion. I have a vivid memory of the moment I made
       | the breakthrough in understanding in my head.
       | 
       | 40 years later, I still want to giggle like a child when I find
       | something in Emacs Lisp I can do more elegantly through
       | recursion.
        
       | 11thEarlOfMar wrote:
       | I don't think I've ever seen the Microsoft logo on page 22.
        
         | kristopolous wrote:
         | I call it their Metallica logo. It was short-lived but I like
         | it way better then the teeth one that came after
        
       | taylodl wrote:
       | I used Logo while taking Algebra II in high school. I remember
       | seeing this issue of Byte at the time and I realized hey, I can
       | plot functions! Our CS club had Logo for the Apple II machines
       | they had and away I went! I learned very quickly not to plot
       | _every single point_ , how to determine how much to plot based
       | off of display resolution, and get an idea for what your _dx_
       | should be. I also explored lots of polynomial graphs we 'd never
       | get to see in class. It was fun!
        
       | NKosmatos wrote:
       | My first contact (and love) with a computer was when I was
       | attending a free computer introduction class, around 9-10 years
       | old, and they showed us the familiar turtle of LOGO :-)
        
         | DonHopkins wrote:
         | Cynthia Solomon has shared a treasure trove of rare classic
         | videos of Seymour Papert, Marvin and Margaret Minsky, kids
         | programming Logo and playing with turtles, and many other
         | amazing things at the MIT AI Lab, MIT Media Lab, and Atari
         | Cambridge Research:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/user/cynthiaso/videos
         | 
         | Seymour Describes Turtle:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDyym_9-E-g
         | 
         | Marvin Introduces Seymour:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W4zaMGQx9w
         | 
         | Turtle Lesson 1:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-V_OPfmbbCk
         | 
         | Turtle Standard Route:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJlRGe5QGhs
         | 
         | Turtle Huck Fin Route:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTO-Ruby-Uo
         | 
         | About Logo:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nisFUjnO87g
         | 
         | Talking Turtle 4:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IkhE-371XdE
         | 
         | Talking Turtle 5:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TxCpgi2R0w8
         | 
         | Logo's Yellow Turtle:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KeFhFPNO8hc
         | 
         | Seymour Papert on a Bongo Board Poked by Cynthia Solomon:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Urn4y5kmtuU
         | 
         | Logo Programming 1970:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e9vQSZvSABY
         | 
         | AI H264:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=maDzjHIiXZc
         | 
         | 2500 Marvin Short:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4kMzrDr4jQ
         | 
         | Atari Cambridge Research Lab part 1-6 (See
         | http://logothings.wikispaces.com ):
         | 
         | 1982 to 1984, research on a children's computer with object-
         | oriented Logo, force feedback, gestural interactions, music and
         | more:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CR2CwKculBU
         | 
         | Margaret Minsky demonstrates a gestural system:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Wq6SQTVM9M
         | 
         | It's 1984 and Ed Hardebeck shows a gestural system and Gary
         | Drescher shows object-oriented Logo:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ClKQHgIoLPc
         | 
         | A force feedback joystick, a puppet machine and a program of
         | dance and body movement are presented:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R3qPCZ5z0UQ
         | 
         | David Levitt shows the music box:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocwsVkqEKys
         | 
         | Music box with Tom Trobaugh and drum machine with Jim Davis:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhA0FGsin_s
         | 
         | 1984's closing remarks by Marvin Minsky:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7rg4a18svBQ
        
       | ebaustin wrote:
       | I loved Byte magazine. I vaguely remember that cover, though I
       | never worked with Logo.
       | 
       | OT: This issue brought back some good memories as I saved most of
       | my summer job pay and bought my first PC - a SuperBrain II, which
       | is advertised on page 12. I mostly wrote programs on it using
       | Turbo Pascal.
        
         | CaliLonghair wrote:
         | That SuperBrain ad caught my eye as well. For a certain
         | generation of people in my extended social group, the
         | SuperBrain looms large because one was used as the console for
         | the BBS they used/met on in the mid 80's and early 90's.
         | 
         | After the BBS went under, the SuperBrain was passed around
         | between various users who wanted to hold onto that piece of
         | shared history. Right before COVID I was able to return it to
         | the original sysop who was shocked it was still around some 30
         | years later.
        
       | ta4873674773 wrote:
       | Byte, Incider and I think Winfall? The stuff of my childhood, and
       | the Beagle Bros. So much time typing in pseudo code to the Apple
       | and hoping it would work and wondering how the magic happened.
       | Fond memories.
        
         | JoeAltmaier wrote:
         | I think I have that Byte issue out in the garage :)
        
         | sizzzzlerz wrote:
         | I used to do the same, typing in either Applebasic code and/or
         | 6502 assembly for some program I found in another Apple-centric
         | magazine called Nibble (great covers, BTW). It never worked the
         | first time so I had to go line-by-line to try and find the
         | errors. I'd finally get it working, play with it a bit, and
         | then forget about it.
         | 
         | Great times!
        
       | liotier wrote:
       | I was eight years old when Logo taught me that the computer does
       | what I tell it do to - no more, no less... Everything I learned
       | ever since is just implementation details.
        
         | shepherdjerred wrote:
         | Well, except for those cosmic rays ;)
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | susam wrote:
         | Indeed! I have had a very similar experience when I learnt Logo
         | in 1992. I was nine years old then. I loved how we could just
         | start the computer, insert a floppy disk, and start programming
         | it immediately without jumping through too many hoops. It was
         | simple, distraction-free, and fun!
         | 
         | I have written about my experience learning Logo and the impact
         | it has had on me here: https://susam.in/blog/fd-100.html . Logo
         | introduced me to the joy of programming!
        
       | noisy_boy wrote:
       | I enjoyed a bit of Unix and C bashing here ( _): "Unix, C, and
       | Pascal may be excellent teaching and development tools, but they
       | may not be so good for commercial production work."
       | 
       | (_): https://archive.org/details/byte-
       | magazine-1982-08/page/n19/m...
        
         | pjmlp wrote:
         | Had UNIX been sold at the same price as VMS and other systems
         | back in the day, without any kind of source code available,
         | history would have taken another path.
        
         | mwcampbell wrote:
         | That was probably true back then. My understanding is that Unix
         | wasn't ready for commercial production work until the late 80s
         | at least.
        
           | davidgay wrote:
           | Sun launched in 1982, went public in 1986
           | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Microsystems). One might
           | presume that its customers thought it ready for commercial
           | production work by the mid 80s at least...
        
             | DonHopkins wrote:
             | Yes, they had a viable commercial Unix product from 1982
             | until the release of Solaris in 1992. It all went downhill
             | from there. ;)
        
       | neha1989 wrote:
       | LOGO was my first introduction to programming in 3rd grade back
       | in 92-93 in Delhi/India.
        
         | chakkepolja wrote:
         | Wow. Was that in school?
         | 
         | In early 2010s my school was still teaching turbo c++ in
         | 'computer science' curriculum, which was an optional subject in
         | 11th grade.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | ido wrote:
           | We also had logo classes in school around the same time (I
           | think it was 4th grade but may have been 3rd) in Israel.
           | 
           | However the teacher barely knew more programming than the
           | kids and I didn't realize Logo was more than a really weird
           | drawing program until years later.
        
       | bouvin wrote:
       | From the mid eighties onward, BYTE was instrumental in steering
       | me towards Computer Science with inspirational articles by people
       | like Dick Pountain and Steven Ciarcia (and, to a much lesser
       | degree, Pournelle, whose articles seemingly mainly consisted of
       | him breaking stuff and being astounded by tech supporters who did
       | not know Who He Was). It filled for a while, together with Dr.
       | Dobb's Journal, a space between the hobbyist and trade magazines
       | and the scientific journals (that at the time was well out of my
       | reach) - a space that since became a void.
        
         | a-dub wrote:
         | also the C users journal.
        
         | phkahler wrote:
         | Steve's history went on beyond Byte:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Ciarcia
         | 
         | His projects in Byte were better IMHO as it was usually just
         | him doing some cool or impressive stuff. Sometimes he'd get
         | some help, but he didn't have a regular staff back then.
        
         | JohnFen wrote:
         | I was getting ready to make this exact comment. Byte and Dr.
         | Dobb's were both critical to me and my entry into computer
         | science.
        
       | einpoklum wrote:
       | On page 14, you'll find Figure 3, suggesting that it is cheaper
       | to employ robots than Humans from the US, West Germany, or Japan!
       | $4.80 / hour gets you the finest robot labor apparently.
        
       | wiz21c wrote:
       | 500+ pages... Colossal !
        
         | Uberphallus wrote:
         | Of which more than half (of what I've skimmed through, at
         | least) are ads. Makes FB at 1/4 ad content seem even
         | reasonable.
        
           | II2II wrote:
           | The ads in a publication like Byte (or many of the other
           | computer magazines of the day) were a different beast. Quite
           | often, they were the only way to learn about new products and
           | the products advertised were relevant to the audience of the
           | magazine. It is a far cry from the mass market advertising
           | found on Facebook (or television, or radio).
        
             | DonHopkins wrote:
             | Remember when instead of ads having urls or QR codes, there
             | was a pre-addressed postcard "Reader Service Card" in the
             | back of the magazine with numbers for each ad that you
             | could get more information about, by circling the numbers
             | and mailing in the card?
             | 
             | p. 511: Reader Service
             | 
             | Check out some of the cool company names on that page: Some
             | of them are such exuberant techno-babble!
             | 
             | BOB'S CHARTS. COMPUFUN. COMPUPRO/GODBOUT. COSMIC COMP ULTD.
             | CYBERNETICS INC. DATAFACE. EXPOTEK. ELECTROLABS. GILTRONIX.
             | JAMECO ELECTR (I LOVED their catalogs!). LEGEND INDUSTRIES.
             | MACROTRONICS INC. MICRO DATA-TEK. MICRO-BAUD INC.
             | MICROHOUSE. MICROMAIL. MICROSOFT. MICROTAX. MINI MICRO
             | MART. MOUNTAIN VIEW PRESS. MUSYS CORP. NETRONICS. PEGASUS
             | DATA SYS. PERCOM DATA. PI-TECH. PROTECTO ENTERPR. QUADRAM
             | CORP. QUASAR DATA PROD INC. DATGO. RADIO SHACK CIV. RED
             | BARON COMP PROD. S-100 INC. SCION CORP. SINCLAIR RESEARCH.
             | STACKWORKS. SUBLOGIC. SUNTRONICS. SUPERSOFT. TECH-DATA.
             | TELETEK. TELEVIDEO INC. TERMINALS TERRIFIC. TERRAPIN INC.
             | THUNDERWARE. US ROBOTICS. VIDEX. VISICORP INC. VOTRAX. VR
             | DATA. VYNET CORP. WINTEK CORP. XITEN SYSTEMS. XAVAX CORP.
             | YORK-10. ZEPHYR INC. ZOBEX.
             | 
             | Inquire No: [1..438] Page No: [1..511]
             | 
             | To get further information on the products advertised in
             | BYTE, fill out the reader service card with your name and
             | address. Then circle the appropriate numbers for the
             | advertisers you select from the list. Add an 18-cent stamp
             | to the card, then drop it in the mail. Not only do you gain
             | information, but our advertisers are encouraged to use the
             | marketplace provided by BYTE. This helps us bring you a
             | bigger BYTE. The index is provided as an additional service
             | by the publisher, who assumes no liability for errors or
             | omissions.
             | 
             | https://twitter.com/tschak/status/1394000556419547136
        
             | blackhaz wrote:
             | Yep. The time when print magazines and ads were actually
             | interesting.
        
               | op00to wrote:
               | They still are FASCINATING. People just trying anything.
               | Personal testimonials, sexual imagery, crazy far out
               | futuristic art, it's all there in the ads.
        
             | Turing_Machine wrote:
             | Right. They were ads for stuff you likely actually found
             | interesting, not ads for reverse mortgages and dubious real
             | estate investments.
             | 
             | Computer Shopper, another (and much, much larger, in terms
             | of page count) magazine of the era was essentially nothing
             | _but_ ads. It had just enough editorial material to qualify
             | it as a  "magazine" under postal regulations (magazines had
             | to pay less postage than pure advertisements). It sold like
             | hotcakes.
        
               | mindcrime wrote:
               | Yep. I used to buy Computer Shopper issues _for_ the ads.
               | They were one of the best ways to find out about new
               | components becoming available, and - of course - you were
               | always looking for the lowest price for memory, power
               | supplies, cases, etc. This was back when building your
               | own PC from parts was much more common than it is today.
               | 
               | I kinda miss the "Computer Shopper era" TBH.
        
           | namdnay wrote:
           | Looking back at it today, the ads are so interesting ! So
           | many different products/solutions out there
        
           | grkvlt wrote:
           | yeah, although sibling commenters are complaining about the
           | type of adverts seen on today's platforms being different;
           | namely that byte and computer shopper had ads that were
           | 'useful' or 'interesting' by some definition, compared to
           | youtube or facebook.
           | 
           | i think this often reflects more on the viewer, and the type
           | of content they access, than on the platform. depending on
           | the videos i watch, along with some judicious approval or
           | disapproval via the thumbs up/down buttons presented and
           | skipping boring or irrelevant ads and vice-versa, i now am
           | presented with much more appropriate and interesting or
           | informative adverts for products and services i wouldn't have
           | known existed and so on.
           | 
           | there's a lot to be said for targeted advertising, whether
           | through specific platforms or media (such as only advertising
           | in byte magazine and therefore reaching a specific audience
           | of tech-literates) or via big data style ad platforms such as
           | adsense on youtube.
        
           | LVB wrote:
           | Whenever I browse scans of old magazines like this I find the
           | ads have a real historical value. Many are a rich snapshot:
           | the state of the art (for that publication's audience),
           | pricing, language/vernacular, style, and even hints at how
           | business was done (eg phone numbers, PO boxes, SASEs,
           | shipping costs, etc.) I'm not quite so optimistic about the
           | long term value of the hyper personalized Taboola chum box :/
        
       | shimonabi wrote:
       | Wow. I didn't know Microsoft had a "metal" company logo.
        
       | dr_zoidberg wrote:
       | A bit off topic... When I was a child, we had at home a "big
       | yellow book" (mind you, I was 4 or 5 at the time, so maybe not
       | that big) that taught about how computers worked in the first
       | part and in the second part had Logo and BASIC games you could
       | type into your PC.
       | 
       | Since it was a book for children, it was full of illustrations
       | but it went into some details (or maybe I'm adding stuff into it
       | in retrospect). The main protagonists were a boy and a girl, with
       | a pet (maybe a dog?). I think I remember the boy having some kind
       | of curly/fluffy hair. I remember the eyes of the characters were
       | distinctive, but can't really recall _how_.
       | 
       | Any idea or pointers about finding this book? I don't remember
       | anything about the title, author, publisher, etc.
        
         | DonHopkins wrote:
         | Was it "BASIC COMPUTER GAMES" from Creative Computing? I loved
         | that book! (Probably not, from your description, but it was
         | very big and very yellow and had a lot of games you could type
         | in.)
         | 
         | https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/624341.Basic_Computer...
         | 
         | https://ia902805.us.archive.org/1/items/basic-computer-games...
        
           | dr_zoidberg wrote:
           | It's not. The drawings were a bit more cartoony with "big
           | heads and small bodies". The book also had a lot of Logo,
           | which we couldn't really use because our computer back then
           | only had a BASIC interpreter.
           | 
           | Thanks for the suggetion though :)
        
       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | I got a copy of that issue at the antique mall for $1 a few weeks
       | ago.
        
       | magoghm wrote:
       | I recently discovered that the most popular tool used by
       | scientists who do research using agent based modeling is based on
       | Logo: https://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/
        
       | susam wrote:
       | For all the Logo fans out here, here are some more Logo
       | resources:
       | 
       | 1. IBM PC Logo executable and manual (1983):
       | https://winworldpc.com/product/ibm-logo/100
       | 
       | 2. Atari Logo executable and manuals (1983):
       | https://atariwiki.org/wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Logo
       | 
       | 3. JSLogo (2009-2021): https://www.calormen.com/jslogo/
       | 
       | 4. Logo Exchange (1982-1999): https://el.media.mit.edu/logo-
       | foundation/resources/nlx/
       | 
       | 5. Matrix bridge to Libera Chat's #logo channel:
       | https://app.element.io/#/room/#logo:libera.chat
        
         | rzzzt wrote:
         | At school, we used a Logo implementation that had a shape
         | editor that you could jump into with a keyboard combination.
         | You could edit 32x32(?) pixel images, and it came pre-populated
         | with the default turtle, some animation phases of a stick
         | figure, a house, heads, etc. IIRC, SHAPE <n> changed the turtle
         | image to the given shape, and you could control 8-ish
         | independent turtles. It ran on MS-DOS systems. Does anyone know
         | which one it might be?
        
         | LargoLasskhyfv wrote:
         | 6. NetLogo: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetLogo &
         | https://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/
        
         | riedel wrote:
         | FMS Logo released version 8.2 yesterday
         | 
         | https://sourceforge.net/projects/fmslogo/
         | 
         | Logo was also the programming language I used at school.
         | Funnily they translated it to German and because the German
         | translation for turtle (Schildkrote) spells too long they
         | translated it to Igel (hedgehog). I remember the fun
         | programming fractals using turtle graphics
        
         | DonHopkins wrote:
         | Thank you for that! Here's some more stuff I posted before in
         | this previous discussion about the history of Logo:
         | 
         | History of Logo:
         | 
         | https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1623m1p3
         | 
         | HN Discussion:
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23052300
         | 
         | Comments:
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23054174
         | 
         | Here is the source code to LLogo in MACLISP, which I stashed
         | from the MIT-AI ITS system. It's a fascinating historical
         | document, 12,480 lines of beautiful practical lisp code,
         | defining where the rubber meets the road, with drivers for
         | hardware like pots, plotters, robotic turtles, TV turtles,
         | graphical displays, XGP laser printers, music devices, and lots
         | of other interesting code and comments.
         | https://donhopkins.com/home/archive/lisp/llogo.lisp
         | 
         | Lars Brinkhoff got some of this code to run in MacLisp on an
         | emulator! (I don't know how much of the historical hardware the
         | emulator supports yet, but he's probably worked on some of that
         | too. ;) )
         | 
         | https://github.com/PDP-10/its/issues/620
         | 
         | Thanks to Lars, here are two revisions of an AI Lab memo about
         | LLOGO:
         | 
         | http://bitsavers.org/pdf/mit/ai/aim/AIM-307.pdf
         | 
         | http://bitsavers.org/pdf/mit/ai/aim/AIM-307a.pdf
         | 
         | And a Logo manual and glossary of PDP-11 Logo:
         | 
         | http://bitsavers.org/pdf/mit/ai/aim/AIM-313.pdf
         | 
         | http://bitsavers.org/pdf/mit/ai/aim/AIM-315.pdf
         | 
         | http://bitsavers.org/pdf/mit/ai/aim/AIM-315a.pdf
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23054236
         | 
         | Lars Brinkhoff suggests that this thread comp.lang.logo with
         | Brian Harvey and Leigh Klotz is required reading:
         | 
         | https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/comp.lang.logo/UqOvE...
         | 
         | Just a couple highlights from a detailed history of Logo that
         | Brian and Leigh and others posted:
         | 
         | >From Brian Harvey:
         | 
         | >Many, many people have been involved in the development of
         | Logo.
         | 
         | >Wally Feurzeig started the whole thing by organizing a group
         | at Bolt, Beranek, and Newman, Inc., to study the educational
         | effects of teaching kids a programming language. The first
         | language they used, like most programming languages, was
         | focused on numeric computation, and it was Wally's idea that
         | kids would find it more natural to work in an area they knew
         | better, namely natural language; therefore, he set up a team to
         | design a language featuring words and sentences. Wally made up
         | the name "Logo."
         | 
         | >The team Wally put together at BBN included Seymour Papert and
         | Dan Bobrow. The three of them are credited as the designers of
         | the first version of the language; Dan wrote the first
         | implementation. In a BBN report dated August, 1967, credit for
         | additional work is given to Richard Grant, Cynthia Solomon, and
         | Frank Frazier.
         | 
         | >Seymour later started a Logo group at MIT, where Logo
         | development continued. The MIT versions of Logo were
         | substantially different from the BBN ones, both in the
         | notations used and in the things the language could do. Most
         | notably, turtle graphics was added at MIT.
         | 
         | >Among the many people who contributed to the development of
         | Logo at MIT, at the risk of leaving someone out, are Hal
         | Abelson, Paul Goldenberg, Dan Watt, Gary Drescher, Steve Hain,
         | Leigh Klotz, Andy diSessa, Brian Silverman... oh, lots of
         | people.
         | 
         | >I think that most of the early documents are out of print now,
         | but whatever documentation there is of the early efforts will
         | be in the form of technical reports from BBN and from MIT. You
         | may have to visit Cambridge to find them!
         | 
         | >From Leight Klotz:
         | 
         | >In the mid 1970's, when the AI Lab Lisp Machine project was
         | just getting underway, Marvin Minsky and Danny Hillis (later to
         | found Terrapin, and still later, Thinking Machines) put
         | together a project to build a Logo machine. It had two
         | components: a PDP-11 processor (the 3500) and a separate
         | vector-graphics display (the 2500). Guy Montpetit, a Canadian
         | entrepeneur, funded development eventually, and a company
         | called General Turtle was formed. General Turtle built and sold
         | the 2500/3500 system. Henry Minsky, then about 12, worked on
         | the design of the 2500, using the Stanford Draw program, one of
         | the early electronics CAD systems. (The 2500 had this really
         | great barrell shifter stolen from the Lisp machine design, but
         | it was later found not to work, so it was never used.) [...]
         | 
         | >[...] Like Brian, I've left out many people who worked on Logo
         | over the years: Brian Fox and Flavio Rose worked for me at
         | Terrapin on a contract basis briefly, as did vagabond
         | programmer Devon McCullough (who used to dial in with a 300
         | baud modem he'd written in entirely software using the parallel
         | game port, with an 80-column mixed-case display done with 3x5
         | pixel characters; when the modem detected the call waiting
         | click on the line, it would make the Apple II speaker make the
         | telephone ringing sound -- a feature which I just saw a US
         | patent filed on, not by Devon.), and the frustrated Sinclar QX
         | programmer, who I suspect doesn't want his name used. Of
         | course, there were tons more people at the AI Lab in the pre-
         | commercial days...
         | 
         | >From Lars Brinkhoff
         | 
         | >Hello,
         | 
         | >I'm mostly researching PDP-10 software, especially MIT's
         | Incompatible Timesharing System.
         | 
         | >I have recently stumbled across some of the LOGO group work. I
         | have a copy of the Dazzle Dart game that ran on their
         | PDP-11/45. It uses the Tom Knight vector display controller, so
         | it's not easy to run it.
         | 
         | >Maybe it would be possible to get the original MIT PDP-11 LOGO
         | running.
         | 
         | >[...] It's running now.
         | 
         | >[...] Now also BBN PDP-10 Logo, MIT CLOGO, MIT Lisp Logo, and
         | hopefully soon MIT Apple II Logo (direct ancestor of Terrapin
         | Apple II Logo).
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23058440
         | 
         | Terrapin Logo for the Apple ][ and C64 came with a 6502
         | assembler written in Logo by Leigh Klotz, that they used to
         | write Logo primitives (for controlling the turtle, etc). It
         | would be ambitious to make a self hosting 6502 Logo meta
         | assembler, by porting the entire 6502 assembly language Logo
         | source code to the 6502 Logo Assembler!
         | 
         | Leigh, wasn't the assembler that you used for the original
         | Apple ][ version of Logo written in MacLisp running on a
         | PDP-10?
         | 
         | The Apple II Source Code for the LOGO Language Found
         | (adafruit.com) 379 points by mmastrac on Oct 4, 2018 | hide |
         | past | web | favorite | 89 comments
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18142287
         | 
         | https://blog.adafruit.com/2018/10/04/the-apple-ii-source-cod...
         | 
         | Lars: The link in the article to the code from
         | https://github.com/PDP-10/its is broken. I found a few
         | references to it in the repo. Did you have to take it down, or
         | did you move it somewhere else?
         | 
         | https://github.com/PDP-10/its/tree/master/src/aplogo
         | 
         | >Logo
         | 
         | >"I too see the computer presence as a potent influence on the
         | human mind. I am very much aware of the holding power of an
         | interactive computer and of how taking the computer as a model
         | can influence the way we think about ourselves. In fact the
         | work on LOGO to which I have devoted much of the past years
         | consists precisely of developing such forces in positive
         | directions."
         | 
         | >Seymour Papert
         | 
         | >"Logo is the name for a philosophy of education and for a
         | continually evolving family of computer languages that aid its
         | realization."
         | 
         | >Harold Abelson
         | 
         | >"Historically, this idea that Logo is mainly turtle graphics
         | is a mistake. Logo's name comes from the Greek word for word,
         | because Logo was first designed as a language in which to
         | manipulate language: words and sentences."
         | 
         | >Brian Harvey
         | 
         | >Logo was initially created by Wally Feurzeig, Seymour Papert,
         | Daniel G.Bobrow, Cynthia Solomon and Richard Grant in 1967 as
         | part of a National Science Foundation sponsored research
         | project conducted at Bolt, Beranek & Newman, Inc., in
         | Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 1969 Dr. Seymour Papert started
         | the Logo Group at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab.
         | Throughout the 1970s the majority of Logo development was
         | conducted at MIT in the Artificial Intelligence Lab and the
         | Division for Study and Research in Education, using large
         | research computer systems, such as ITS powered PDP-10.
         | 
         | >Our goal is to make that early Logo systems available to a
         | wider audience of enthusiasts for exploration, experimenting
         | and, of course, hacking.
         | 
         | [...]
         | 
         | >MIT APLOGO
         | 
         | >In accordance with Leigh L Klotz Jr., Hal Abelson directed the
         | Logo for the Apple II project at MIT.
         | 
         | >MIT APLOGO was developed by Stephen Hain, Patrick G.
         | Sobalvarro and Leigh L Klotz Jr. It was developed and cross-
         | compilled for the Apple-II-Plus Personal Microcomputer on
         | PDP-10 at the MIT LOGO Group. It is direct predecessor for
         | Terrapin Logo. We have a source code for assembling an improved
         | version from 7/9/81 at its/src/aplogo
        
           | larsbrinkhoff wrote:
           | Your LLOGO copy was for an older version of Maclisp, but
           | eventually we (Eric and I) managed to port it over to New IO.
           | It works fine and displays on an emulated Knight TV. (Itself
           | a tour de force in emulation: the TV PDP-11 code runs on an
           | emulator sharing its Unibus with the PDP-10 emulator.)
           | 
           | We also have an early PDP-11 Logo, an even earlier BBN PDP-10
           | Logo, and a later Apple II Logo (not the Terrapin version). I
           | also wrote an emulator for the General Turtle 2500 computer
           | slash terminal.
        
             | DonHopkins wrote:
             | Do you have the specs for the infamous military Terrapin
             | Snapping Turtle proposed to the Department of Defense?
             | 
             | https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1056602.1056608
             | 
             | https://donhopkins.com/home/TurtlesAndDefense.pdf
             | 
             | >TURTLES AND DEFENSE
             | 
             | >Introduction
             | 
             | >At Terrapin, we feel that our two main products, the
             | Terrapin Turtle (r), and the Terrapin Logo Language for the
             | Apple II, bring together the fields of robotics and AI to
             | provide hours of entertainment for the whole family. We are
             | sure that an enlightened application of our products can
             | uniquely impact the electronic battlefield of the future.
             | [...]
             | 
             | >Guidance
             | 
             | >The Terrapin Turtle (r), like many missile systems in use
             | today, is wire-guided. It has the wire-guided missile's
             | robustness with respect to ECM, and, unlike beam-riding
             | missiles, or most active-homing systems, it has no radar
             | signature to invite enemy missiles to home in on it or its
             | launch platform. However, the Turtle does not suffer from
             | that bugaboo of wire-guided missiles, i.e., the lack of a
             | fire-and-forget capability.
             | 
             | >Often ground troops are reluctant to use wire-guided
             | antitank weapons because of the need for line-of-sight
             | contact with the target until interception is accomplished.
             | The Turtle requires no such human guidance; once the
             | computer controlling it has been programmed, the Turtle
             | performs its mission without the need of human
             | intervention. Ground troops are left free to scramble for
             | cover. [...]
             | 
             | >Because the Terrapin Turtle (r) is computer-controlled,
             | military data processing technicians can write arbitrarily
             | baroque programs that will cause it to do pretty much
             | unpredictable things. Even if an enemy had access to the
             | programs that guided a Turtle Task Team (r) , it is quite
             | likely that they would find them impossible to understand,
             | especially if they were written in ADA. In addition, with
             | judicious use of the Turtle's touch sensors, one could,
             | theoretically, program a large group of turtles to simulate
             | Brownian motion. The enemy would hardly attempt to predict
             | the paths of some 10,000 turtles bumping into each other
             | more or less randomly on their way to performing their
             | mission. Furthermore, we believe that the spectacle would
             | have a demoralizing effect on enemy ground troops. [...]
             | 
             | >Munitions
             | 
             | >The Terrapin Turtle (r) does not currently incorporate any
             | munitions, but even civilian versions have a downward-
             | defense capability. The Turtle can be programmed to attempt
             | to run over enemy forces on recognizing them, and by
             | raising and lowering its pen at about 10 cycles per second,
             | puncture them to death.
             | 
             | >Turtles can easily be programmed to push objects in a
             | preferred direction. Given this capability, one can easily
             | envision a Turtle discreetly nudging a hand grenade into an
             | enemy camp, and then accelerating quickly away. With the
             | development of ever smaller fission devices, it does not
             | seem unlikely that the Turtle could be used for delivery of
             | tactical nuclear weapons. [...]
        
               | larsbrinkhoff wrote:
               | Ha ha! No, I didn't.
        
           | larsbrinkhoff wrote:
           | Broken link? Nothing was taken down, but the code was updated
           | to a newer version.
           | 
           | Here's a new link for you: Logo in space. It uses Minsky's
           | circle algorithm for trigonometry.
           | https://www.playfulinvention.com/portfolio/crickets-in-
           | space...
        
         | empressplay wrote:
         | also turtleSpaces, a modern web- and app-based 3D Logo
         | https://turtlespaces.org
        
         | zephyrfalcon wrote:
         | To add to that, Brian Harvey's homepage has three books about
         | Logo for free: https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~bh/#csls
        
       | robomartin wrote:
       | I remember this issue. I used to read Byte magazine cover-to-
       | cover, multiple times per issue. I also built many of the
       | circuits they published and learned a tremendous amount from both
       | hardware and coding articles. It's hard for people today to
       | imagine a monthly publication with over 500 pages, yet that's
       | what Byte became. It was fantastic. I still have a box full of
       | articles I clipped before discarding my collection (at some point
       | you have to let go).
       | 
       | The other thing that's amazing to me --unrelated to Byte-- is how
       | much of current AI/machine-learning is stuff that was being done
       | as far back as thirty years ago. I have a four volume set on AI
       | dating back to that era. Most of the neural network stuff we see
       | as magical tools today exists in those books. The difference is
       | that we now have machines with massive storage, working memory
       | and speed. In some ways we haven't really gone very far at all, a
       | perspective lost to those who don't have the benefit of history.
        
         | DonHopkins wrote:
         | Byte was great, but Creative Computing and Dr. Dobb's Journal
         | were the ones I REALLY enjoyed and looked forward to every
         | month.
        
           | robomartin wrote:
           | Yes, Dr. Dobb's was the other one I consumed voraciously,
           | along with Popular Electronics. I think my only other
           | subscription was to MIT's Journal of Artificial Intelligence
           | and Robotics (which was available with companion VHS tapes
           | showing off the research).
        
         | sizzzzlerz wrote:
         | I was an irregular reader of Byte but I did enjoy it.
         | Particularly, the front cover artwork was usually unique and
         | interesting and, silly as it sound, the ads. I pour through
         | them every time I got a copy. Its a real hoot to look at them
         | today.
        
         | zxcvbn4038 wrote:
         | Ciarcia's Circuit Cellar was one of the best parts of Byte
         | magazine, the first thing I read when I got a new issue. There
         | were always a lot of hardware hacking projects in the TRS-80
         | Color Computer oriented Rainbow magazine, I learned a lot from
         | those although I was always a bit weary of accidentally
         | destroying a relatively expensive piece of hardware with a bad
         | circuit.
         | 
         | The artwork is the biggest thing I miss from the early computer
         | magazines. Really amazing stuff that reminded me of all the
         | sci-fi magazines from the fifties. Nothing like that today.
        
       | op00to wrote:
       | Was this magazine really 500 pages thick?
        
         | kloch wrote:
         | I think 1980-1983 was the peak for Byte
        
       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | I have a copy of that issue and what stands out about it is the
       | indifference that the regular contributors show to Logo.
       | 
       | Steve Ciarcia for instance, has an article about a graphics
       | controller from Texas Instruments which has way too many sprites
       | for logo (just need one for the turtle.) He codes with a
       | soldering iron, struggles with assembly language, probably
       | doesn't know BASIC and could care less about Logo.
        
         | buescher wrote:
         | Oh wow. I built that circuit, on perfboard, with wire-wrap,
         | using parts from a TI-99/4A, some summer in the late eighties.
         | I had intended to drive it from the joystick ports of an Atari
         | 800XL. I struggled to get it working, went back to school, and
         | it may still be sitting in a box at my parent's house. If I
         | could find it it would be a hoot to bring up with a modern
         | microcontroller.
        
       | chris_st wrote:
       | The book "Turtles, Termites, and Traffic Jams -- Explorations in
       | massively parallel microworlds" [0] describes StarLogo, which was
       | a massively parallel version of Logo. In it you could create,
       | say, 1000 turtles in the center of the screen, and the puzzle
       | was, when you told them all "forward 100", what shape would it
       | draw? The answer was a circle, since they all start with a random
       | heading.
       | 
       | This was initially implemented on a Connection Machine. Very
       | interesting book, highly recommended.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.amazon.com/Turtles-Termites-Traffic-Jams-
       | Explora...
        
       | the-dude wrote:
       | We were taught Logo in the first year in highschool ( 1986 ) on a
       | network of BBC B's.
       | 
       | Thanks awesome school!
        
       | darkwater wrote:
       | Probably unrelated but I really just love archive.org efforts to
       | preserve knowledge, even if trivial, mundane or pop. The other
       | day I was in nostalgia mode and wanted to play again Secret of
       | Monkey Island and Monkey Island 2 and they are perfectly
       | available on archive.org in the abandonware section, comfortably
       | packed in a zip file with even copy protection removed (this
       | applies to MI2, MI1 didn't have any).
        
         | mseepgood wrote:
         | > MI1 didn't have any
         | 
         | It did. I still have my Dial-A-Pirate wheel.
        
         | desi_ninja wrote:
         | the remastered ones are in pc and xbox platforms
        
       | _bax wrote:
       | LOGO! How nice was the for loop!
        
       | mmargerum wrote:
       | Love the old Ad. Bill Cosby hocking calculators in the one.
        
         | teddyh wrote:
         | ITYM "hawking".
        
       | DonHopkins wrote:
       | Logo Adventure for C64 Terrapin Logo (1983):
       | 
       | https://donhopkins.medium.com/logo-adventure-for-c64-terrapi...
       | 
       | >When I was 17, Terrapin published my first commercial code on
       | their C64 Logo utilities disk: a Logo Adventure program, a simple
       | non-graphical game that showed off Logo's list processing and
       | functional programming capabilities.
       | 
       | >I love Terrapin Logo! I got away with not having to write a
       | parser, by simply using the Logo top-level read-eval-print loop
       | as the parser, and defining Logo words like LOOK, N, S, E, W,
       | TAKE, EXAMINE, etc. So it's really easy to cheat by examining and
       | modifying the state of the world, but that helps you learn Logo!
       | [...]
        
       | tonyedgecombe wrote:
       | Page 38 has an article about The Last One, a program generator
       | that was supposed to make all other programs obsolete.
       | 
       | A bit like the low code stuff we are seeing today.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Last_One_(software)
        
       | aasasd wrote:
       | It seems that this upload gets the pages wrong, but there's a
       | rescan that is right.
       | 
       | Compare: https://archive.org/details/byte-
       | magazine-1982-08/page/n303/... and
       | https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1982-08-rescan/pag...
       | 
       | https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1982-08/page/n349/...
       | and https://archive.org/details/byte-
       | magazine-1982-08-rescan/pag...
       | 
       | https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1982-08/page/n363/...
       | and https://archive.org/details/byte-
       | magazine-1982-08-rescan/pag...
       | 
       | https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1982-08/page/n231/...
       | and https://archive.org/details/byte-
       | magazine-1982-08-rescan/pag...
        
       | armandososa wrote:
       | A story about Logo:
       | 
       | Thirty years ago, driven by poverty and lack of opportunities, me
       | and my family illegally crossed the border from Tijuana into San
       | Diego. We had some friends in Pasadena who received us in a spare
       | bedroom while we settled. Since I was eleven years old, I was
       | enrolled in the sixth grade of the local elementary school.
       | 
       | The teacher (Ms Castro) was incredibly gracious with this tiny
       | Mexican who didn't speak a word of english. I was only required
       | to participate in math and art clases (Also, it seemed like
       | Mexican fifth grade math was more advanced than California's so I
       | looked like a genius ;)) and on some ESL courses the school
       | offered while skipping classed that required English.
       | 
       | Anyway, there was this one computer in ms Castro's classroom. It
       | was an Apple machine, but I could not tell you which one because
       | this was the first computer I ever touched. So the teacher
       | instructed some other hispanic kid to show me how to turn the
       | computer on and "play" with this toy program called Logo so I
       | have something to do while the others kids are in class. I spent
       | hours and hours each day with this thing; fast forward a couple
       | months and I was not only drawing but writing programs that
       | produced musical animations to the astonishments of the entire
       | class.
       | 
       | It was a great experience --pretty much the only positive
       | experience we had while in the US--. Five months later we had to
       | get back, and I wouldn't have access to a personal computer for
       | another 9 years. I always wondered what would've happened if we
       | stayed.
       | 
       | Anyway, Logo was my introduction to computing and helped my keep
       | my sanity during my five months as an illegal immigrant.
        
         | edw519 wrote:
         | "I always wondered what would've happened if..."
         | 
         | Me too. But I'm trying to quit.
        
       | rafaelturk wrote:
       | Impressive how many `vendors` were out there, far more diverse
       | than today.
        
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