[HN Gopher] Home Price to Income Ratio
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Home Price to Income Ratio
        
       Author : hncurious
       Score  : 280 points
       Date   : 2021-09-20 14:32 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.longtermtrends.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.longtermtrends.net)
        
       | jandrese wrote:
       | How much of this is a result of our "don't tax the rich" policies
       | that created a staggering amount of wealth at the top that has
       | nowhere else to go? So many ultra rich investors are looking for
       | something, anything, to invest in. Plus there is the feedback
       | loop of massive growth you get as the bubble inflates.
       | 
       | Is this a direct result of our fiscal policy? Have we destabilize
       | the economy in order to create the richest muilti-billionaires?
        
         | flyinglizard wrote:
         | This is happening outside of the USA, in countries with more
         | progressive taxation too. Canada, UK, Israel - all with much
         | worse house price to income ratio compared to the USA.
         | 
         | These homes are not owned by billionaires either. It's an asset
         | class that's very broadly distributed by its definition; most
         | people own their homes.
         | 
         | I think it's mostly driven by macroeconomics. Near zero
         | interest, population growth (organic or through immigration)
         | and historical real estate appreciation all fuel this trend.
        
           | jandrese wrote:
           | It doesn't matter so much if a country is taxing their own
           | rich if they allow rich people from other countries to buy
           | real estate.
        
             | flyinglizard wrote:
             | I've never seen any data showing that housing bubbles are
             | attributed to "the rich". The housing market is made of
             | tens of millions of individual home owners, not some moguls
             | cornering the market.
        
               | jandrese wrote:
               | The term you want to look for is "investment properties",
               | or in some cases "foreign investment".
        
               | flyinglizard wrote:
               | "Rich people" investment properties are a negligible
               | share of the total housing market so this theory most
               | often used as a scapegoat by the "eat the rich" crowd.
               | 
               | If anything, more real estate investment would create
               | more housing stock. Someone's not building enough.
        
               | munk-a wrote:
               | I don't actually think new housing developments are a
               | really high RoR and building your own house has a high
               | barrier of being able to support and house yourself while
               | floating the full value of the house you're trying to
               | build - for that reason new home owners almost never buy
               | their own house. Additionally arguably the most valuable
               | part of owning a home is the appreciating value of land -
               | and land most steadily appreciates in stable communities
               | (where a plant closure won't suddenly tank the market)
               | and the best of these are urban centers where the market
               | is extremely stable. All that is a long way to say that
               | investors specifically want to buy that condo that's
               | right next to your office and they're much less
               | interested in investing in some development out in the
               | boonies that will only gradually accrue value (and be
               | impossible to exit for the year or so that the units are
               | actually under construction).
               | 
               | Lastly, we've got NIMBY - this is the source of nearly
               | all our housing woes because if you could buy up all
               | those single homes in SF and convert them to condo towers
               | we'd solve the housing crisis overnight - but that would
               | "ruin the neighborhood" and, more importantly, depreciate
               | the value of all those inflated house prices - and that's
               | why all the neighborhood councils will continuously vote
               | to perpetuate the shortage of housing.
               | 
               | People do want to build more housing - but people who own
               | the land are stubborn assholes. When it happens that an
               | investor manages to secure a full block of single family
               | homes in a downtown core they'll almost always try and
               | convert it to condos - but then they've got to fight
               | against the NIMBYism and they'll usually lose because as
               | every 80's movie ever taught us: "The evil developer is
               | trying to tear down the community center - we've got to
               | stick up for the neighborhood and win that tournament!"
        
               | pishpash wrote:
               | Leveraged asset buyers have an influence when inventory
               | is so low.
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | Agreed, but the fundamental problem is that inventory is
               | so low. Super low inventory and vacancy rates cause far
               | more problems in addition to prices being set by a
               | wealthier percentile.
        
               | flyinglizard wrote:
               | Ironically the inventory would have been higher if more
               | rich people invested in real estate projects, instead of
               | stocks and bonds.
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | I don't think the bottleneck for new housing is
               | investment capital, it's mostly about getting permitted
               | to build, and also getting enough labor. There's a fairly
               | big shortage in the trades, as the boom-bust-cycle has
               | forced more experienced people out, and there hasn't been
               | many new people getting trained.
               | 
               | Also, a lot of the opportunity for large scale projects
               | is gone; building a large tract of homes in the Bay Area
               | means building super-exurban in places like Tracy.
               | Projects like the Vallco mall replacement in Cupertino
               | take a decade+, and what ends up getting permitted will
               | not usually look anything like the initial plans, or
               | what's technically allowed by law. (This is changing
               | slightly in California in that by adding enough below-
               | market-rate deed restricted units, you can build
               | according to code and zoning without greedy neighbors
               | vetoing the project. )
        
               | munk-a wrote:
               | It might be helpful to take a deeper look at the housing
               | markets of Toronto and Vancouver - both are urban centers
               | with a lot of employment opportunities and homes owned by
               | regular folks - but they've also both been ravaged by a
               | plethora of investment properties which, in a self-
               | fulfilling manner, are driving demand through the roof
               | thus justifying more investment.
        
               | flyinglizard wrote:
               | If you asked me what keeps NYC real estate prices up, I'd
               | say "rich people", but the dynamics of distinctive urban
               | centers such as Toronto, London, San Francisco and others
               | don't apply at all on a country level. It's not the same
               | types of assets, buyers or price levels.
               | 
               | So yes Toronto might have been influenced by rich Chinese
               | buying properties, but does that extend to Canada as a
               | whole?
        
             | exporectomy wrote:
             | It happens in countries which don't allow that too.
        
         | fake-news wrote:
         | How can we eat the rich when we have no kitchens?
         | 
         | Can't blame the capitalists for self-preservation.
        
         | taurath wrote:
         | The amount of private equity in housing is really underreported
         | I think - still the vast majority of people owning second homes
         | or additional property are doing it for investments, but there
         | is nothing stopping an "uber for housing" where they use VC
         | money to buy up massive amounts of properties and influence
         | pricing. I believe this is one of Zillow's primary models.
         | 
         | My take is that we need to treat housing as an actual human
         | need, and there should be penalties for buying houses to rent
         | or for investment purposes outside of ones primary residence.
         | That sort of exists in the mortgage interest tax deduction but
         | with rates near 0 that's become far far less effective.
        
           | jurassic wrote:
           | > there should be penalties for buying houses to rent or for
           | investment purposes outside of ones primary residence.
           | 
           | There are lots of people who don't want to own a home (e.g.
           | who value the mobility/flexibility of renting), and people
           | who are unable to afford the fully loaded homeownership
           | costs. In these rent-vs-mortgage discussions people often
           | overlook the non-mortgage homeownership costs which can be
           | very significant and hard to predict. I say this as a person
           | who found myself needing an unexpected $25k+ roof replacement
           | in my first year of homeownership.
           | 
           | I suspect living standards for the bottom quintile would
           | actually fall if they had to maintain their own homes. E.g.
           | how are the people who can't put together $400 in an
           | emergency, the minimum wage employees living hand to mouth,
           | etc going to be able to afford to replace an unexpected
           | leaking roof (a $10k+ problem) or a broken water heater (a
           | $5k problem) or refrigerator (a $500+ problem)? A lot of
           | basic amenities are legally mandated for landlords to provide
           | that I think low-income tenants would not be able to maintain
           | on their own. A landlord with a larger net worth is better
           | able to absorb these cashflow problems and keep the property
           | in a healthy state.
        
           | rory wrote:
           | > That sort of exists in the mortgage interest tax deduction
           | but with rates near 0 that's become far far less effective.
           | 
           | FYI, mortgage interest on an investment property is also tax
           | deductible. In fact, there's no limit on it like there is on
           | your own personal-use home. It's basically treated like a
           | business expense (which, arguably, it is).
        
           | epistasis wrote:
           | I think the problem is as much in the ownership as it is in
           | anything else.
           | 
           | In China, where housing costs are skyrocketing as well, there
           | are protests when enough housing is built to start to make it
           | affordable again.
           | 
           | Putting the majority of a person's life savings into their
           | house is, in the end, a pretty bad idea.
        
           | xibalba wrote:
           | Anecdotally, I live in rapidly growing, tech-friendly metro
           | and track housing data in the area. The county assessor's
           | office exposes homeowner's names and you can easily spot the
           | "private equity" owners. They are very few and far between.
           | 
           | > The amount of private equity in housing
           | 
           | I think this issue is, at least at the moment, overstated.
           | Could be a problem in the future though.
        
         | rayiner wrote:
         | Segueing from "rich" to "multi-billionaires" is a neat trick by
         | rich professionals to divert attention from themselves.
         | 
         | Five years ago, we moved into a 3,000 square foot house in the
         | Annapolis suburbs. We are right on the water so it cost a
         | princely $485,000. But it was easy to get a house in the
         | neighborhood for $300,000 or so, or just 4 times the county's
         | median income. As a result, the neighborhood has lots of young
         | families (many without college degrees!), retirees, etc. Today,
         | the house next door is under contract for double the price, and
         | is smaller than ours. As far as I can tell, there's no
         | billionaires or even centi-millionaires anywhere near us. Just
         | upper middle class people whose 401ks have done really well
         | thanks to the Fed printing money like crazy, not to mention
         | upper middle class welfare like more than a year of deferred
         | student loan payments. (Lower income folks with student loans
         | were already eligible for income based repayment.)
         | 
         | Reaganism has won so completely in America that even AOC
         | doesn't want to tax upper middle class people. But these are
         | the people directly competing with the middle class for fixed
         | resources. They're the people driving residents out of
         | gentrifying neighborhoods, driving up the price of coffee, etc.
         | There's not enough 0.01%-ers out there to move the needle on
         | these assets and services.
        
           | mywittyname wrote:
           | Well, and most people have fucked up views on what defines
           | "upper middle class". There was a topic on reddit the other
           | night where the most popular posts were saying, without jest,
           | that upper middle class _starts_ at $10 million bucks in
           | liquid savings (and ends around $50MM).
           | 
           | That seems to be a typical view on income and wealth in this
           | country: people's opinions are wealth are out or proportion
           | with reality by factors of like 100. For reference, upper
           | middle class technically starts at around $120k/yr, so $10MM
           | could pay 80 years of an upper middle class income. So
           | there's no conceivable way an actual upper middle class
           | family could actually save enough to be consider what the
           | public thinks of as upper middle class.
        
             | gamegoblin wrote:
             | In my mental model, I've always considered upper middle
             | class to be people who still do their own grocery shopping,
             | but don't really look too closely at the prices.
             | 
             | In my experience the kind of people this heuristic selects
             | for is around the same monetary threshold you've noted in
             | the low 6 figures.
        
             | shadilay wrote:
             | I think a bigger factor is that wealth is almost entirely
             | defined by where you live. 120k/yr would be a lot in Iowa
             | but not so much in SF.
        
               | antognini wrote:
               | Indeed, in San Francisco the low income threshold for a
               | family of four is $117,400 / yr. [1]
               | 
               | [1]: https://sfgov.org/scorecards/safety-net/poverty-san-
               | francisc...
        
         | exporectomy wrote:
         | It's fun to blame the super rich but I'd say it's fundamentally
         | due to a combination of population shift from rural to urban
         | areas
         | 
         | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/urban-and-rural-populatio...
         | 
         | and normal homeowners stopping densification out of fear of
         | reducing the value of their own home or just not wanting the
         | riff-raff living near them. These people are really the ones
         | doing a directly harmful thing for pure selfish greed. They're
         | not super-rich, they're just people's parents. But they're
         | trying to make money by excluding others instead of doing
         | anything useful.
        
           | somethoughts wrote:
           | Agree! It's also the densification of urban areas. Where once
           | each occupant had a private office, now 5-6 SW engineers
           | occupy the same office space footprint. That has implications
           | for already dense urban office and associated housing needs.
        
             | jackcosgrove wrote:
             | The long-term trend in urban housing is diffusion, not
             | densification. One hundred years ago a family of five lived
             | in an apartment now occupied by a couple.
        
         | nostromo wrote:
         | What "don't tax the rich" policies? 61% of Americans pay zero
         | income tax.
         | 
         | Why are the rich getting tremendously rich? Because the Federal
         | Reserve has printed money at an astonishing rate, which
         | inflates asset prices. Who owns the most assets? The rich do.
         | 
         | People are so focused on taxation (because it's something the
         | average poor or middle class understands) when the real issue
         | is the Fed (something most Americans aren't even aware of).
        
           | aidenn0 wrote:
           | > Why are the rich getting tremendously rich? Because the
           | Federal Reserve has printed money at an astonishing rate,
           | which inflates asset prices. Who owns the most assets? The
           | rich do.
           | 
           | This is exacerbated by capital gains and dividends being
           | taxed at a lower rate; if the gains due to asset inflation
           | were being taxed at 37% instead of 15%, then at least all
           | this money printing would help balance the budget a bit...
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | Tax is the solution, though, because we should treat owner-
           | occupied homes differently than investment homes. Owning a
           | home to live in it should be more accessible than owning it
           | for capital gains. The market doesn't and can't price in this
           | externality any other way.
        
           | drunkpotato wrote:
           | That income tax statistic is misleading. Most Americans do
           | pay social security payroll taxes, which are income taxes,
           | they're just not called "income tax."
        
             | jdavis703 wrote:
             | Even though social security is administered as a pay-go
             | program, the amount of social security you can withdraw is
             | based on how much you put in. This makes it much more like
             | a forced savings account than a tax.
        
             | shados wrote:
             | Social security is more of a forced 401k. You will get back
             | the money (in theory), but yes, it's not progressive and
             | impact the poor more than the rich. It's a bit of an iffy
             | one. If the social security system rolled up into federal
             | income tax, it would be much more progressive, but it would
             | likely receive significant pushback in the political space
             | (not knowing its history, I assume it was structured as a
             | separate thing exactly for that reason. I should read up).
             | 
             | Still, the point still stand: federal income taxes are
             | quite progressive, and would surprise most people who wave
             | their angry fist asking for the rich to be taxed more. The
             | problem is mostly at the state and local level.
             | 
             | The top 50% pays 97% of federal income tax.
             | 
             | If you include most types of taxes, including social
             | security, you end up with something a little less
             | polarized: the top 1% have an effective tax rate of a
             | little under 34%, while the poors are around 20%. One could
             | easily argue it's not progressive enough, but it's still
             | not the usual narrative of "I pay more taxes than
             | millionaires".
             | 
             | A a handful of ultra rich abuse loopholes to death to pay
             | very little, and these people are averaged in the
             | statistics (so the average rich person actually pays more
             | than the stats show, if only a little). It's a minority
             | though.
        
               | tshaddox wrote:
               | > Social security is more of a forced 401k. You will get
               | back the money (in theory)
               | 
               | Don't you get the value of the money back for all
               | taxation, according to any theory that approves of
               | taxation?
        
               | jdavis703 wrote:
               | > Don't you get the value of the money back for all
               | taxation, according to any theory that approves of
               | taxation?
               | 
               | Roughly speaking, anyone paying more in taxes than the
               | per capita spending is probably not receiving the full
               | value of their taxes. We see this where most welfare
               | (Pell Grants, SNAP benefits, Obamacare, etc) and tax
               | credit schemes (CTC, electric car credit, etc) phase out
               | as people pay more taxes.
        
               | shados wrote:
               | Not nearly as directly though. Social security is
               | basically money in -> money back. A glorified forced
               | 401k, or at worse a kind of retirement insurance. It's a
               | bit more separated. When I pay taxes, I don't get a
               | direct return for it, I get (in theory) a fully
               | functioning society.
               | 
               | Social security would be a little closer to a sewer and
               | water bill from the city (which you have to pay if you're
               | a owner, but you get a sewer in exchange. Whether you
               | like it or not). It's still not a great analogy because
               | Social security is more deferred. It's really its own
               | thing. Still, it doesn't work quite like a tax either.
               | 
               | I personally wouldn't mind if it did though. It's one of
               | those things where we'll pay for it one way or another.
               | If there's an entire generation of people who can't
               | properly retire and pay medical bill, we will pay for
               | them through taxes anyway. May as well do it preemptively
               | and efficiently.
        
               | medvezhenok wrote:
               | It's not quite a forced-401k though. Social security
               | could technically be abolished (or payments diluted, etc)
               | via an act of congress (even though politically
               | unfeasible right now) - then you don't get anything out
               | of your "investment". It's much harder to "abolish" a
               | diversified 401k plan unless you abolish all private
               | property (i.e. Russia 1917).
        
               | shados wrote:
               | Yup, like I mentioned, it's really its own beast, and all
               | analogies will be flawed in some ways. But it also
               | doesn't work quite like other taxes, at least in
               | practice.
        
           | droopyEyelids wrote:
           | Analyzing taxation by headcount doesn't provide much insight.
           | 
           | The top 10% of Americans own about 85% of the wealth in
           | America, and the entire bottom 90% only own around 15% of it.
        
         | fatnoah wrote:
         | I fully expect that as we tax investment income more and more,
         | we'll see this trend in real estate worsening as it becomes an
         | even more attractive investment vehicle.
        
       | nickff wrote:
       | Why do they use "average" home price (without specifying whether
       | it's mean, median, or modal), with "median" income? It makes
       | these graphs very difficult to interpret.
        
       | bushbaba wrote:
       | Simple the 50 year or 100 year mortgage.
       | 
       | But really covid was the perfect opportunity to let the housing
       | market collapse and reset buying us an additional decade. Wasted
       | opportunity by bailing out landlords.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | p4l4g4 wrote:
       | My eye was drawn to the graphs. Especially the house price /
       | income graphs. There seems to be a trend in the US graph: if you
       | zoom in far enough, you can see a consistent drop in Januari
       | (every year). The UK graph does not show this trend..
       | 
       | Does someone know the origin of this trend? And why the two
       | countries don't show the same trend?
        
       | rc_mob wrote:
       | half the price of house is still more than i paid for it. market
       | has been goofy
        
       | mmaunder wrote:
       | IMO we are in an inflationary cycle that is being underreported.
       | Everything is becoming more expensive including you. It's just
       | that housing is becoming expensive faster than you are.
       | 
       | The US has a strong incentive to inflate their way out of debt
       | post Covid. But the optics are catastrophic if they do it
       | overtly. So they'll keep reporting it low as long as possible.
       | Look around you for reality.
       | 
       | If I'm right, you'll want to take on as much fixed rate low-
       | interest debt as you can stomach. Which explains why housing is
       | getting expensive faster than you are.
        
         | MeinBlutIstBlau wrote:
         | It still boggles my mind. I started working in 2009 when 7.25
         | became the defacto minimum wage. But since then, I've noticed
         | that the cost of everything has almost doubled faster in just
         | the past 2 years than it did in the preceding 10. It's almost
         | as if limitless government stimulus and inflation is bad for
         | the economy...
        
       | disqard wrote:
       | Why does this graph start its y-axis at 3?
        
       | kipchak wrote:
       | My worry as a potential buyer is that rates might remain low and
       | home prices will roll over. While I don't have a super high
       | conviction that will happen, the potential risk of losing more of
       | the value of something then my net worth greatly offsets the
       | probable benefits of getting in now.
        
       | peterlk wrote:
       | I think there's a pretty critical piece of analysis missing here:
       | inflation. An alternative explanation might be that housing
       | prices are being driven up by inflation, and wages haven't caught
       | up yet. There are two ways to lower the home value/income ratio:
       | 
       | 1. Decrease housing prices 2. Increase wages
       | 
       | We haven't seen meaningful wage increases for a long time now, so
       | perhaps it is time. Maybe this is just a symptom of wages not
       | tracking with inflation, and the solution is to pay people more.
        
         | b9a2cab5 wrote:
         | An increase in wages (real or nominal) without any increase in
         | housing supply just leads to more money chasing the same supply
         | which means higher rents. We are seeing this play out as we
         | speak in every major city in the U.S.
         | 
         | The solution is not to pay people more, it's to increase the
         | supply of housing to the point that people can pay drastically
         | less for housing. Look at China: apartment towers on every
         | street, each 30+ floors easily. Where is that kind of density
         | in the U.S.?
        
         | teagee wrote:
         | Add our current low interest rates to the mix as well and the
         | picture changes dramatically
        
           | 88913527 wrote:
           | 100%. Though, interest rate based appreciation is likely at
           | its apex, presuming zero is the floor. If we find ourselves
           | with negative rates (after taxes and fees; there was one case
           | of negative rates in Europe, but net inclusive of fees, it
           | was still positive) -- then we're in truly uncharted
           | territory.
           | 
           | At this juncture, it seems most appreciation will arise from
           | supply issues, which aren't new to the post-2008 world. And
           | while we do have lots of unoccupied housing nationally, we
           | don't have it stock in areas where it's most needed: e.g, job
           | centers. You can easily find a $10k home in Detroit if you
           | wish.
           | 
           | The graph would be helpful it broke out metro versus rural
           | areas, in addition to factoring interest rates.
        
         | reducesuffering wrote:
         | With increased wages come increased housing prices, as long as
         | there is a supply mismatch to the baseline demand of housing to
         | survive.
        
         | newaccount2021 wrote:
         | 3. raise interest rates
        
         | sorenn111 wrote:
         | I agree that wage growth is stagnant but I think the changes
         | over the last 20 years of real median wages is definitely
         | meaningful. Look at the changes from peaks in 2000, 2007 and
         | also from a deep trough in 2012:
         | 
         | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MEHOINUSA672N
        
         | bserge wrote:
         | Why pay them more when they're content with what they get now?
        
           | MathMonkeyMan wrote:
           | I upvoted your comment because it clicked with me, but now
           | I'm thinking about it more.
           | 
           | _I'm_ content with my pay now, perhaps others aren't and
           | there is little they can do about it. How might we even
           | define "content" for a cohort as large as "anyone buying a
           | house"?
        
             | bserge wrote:
             | No, trust me, people are content with renting a _room_ and
             | living month to month.
             | 
             | There's nothing to worry about.
        
               | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
               | I'm starting a business selling guillotine insurance...
        
           | kevinventullo wrote:
           | I don't think I would characterize most millennials as
           | "content" with their income level.
        
       | ryanSrich wrote:
       | The most surprising thing here to me is that a home is 5 times
       | annual income. That seems insane to me. That would mean someone
       | making $250k per year would be able to afford a $1.25m home. I
       | don't see how that'd work, unless that person has almost no other
       | bills and or lives in a state with extremely low income tax.
       | After taxes and other expenses $250k / 12 is not that much.
       | Certainly not enough to buy a $1.25m home.
        
       | BooneJS wrote:
       | How is this true? I think our home was 2x our family income. It's
       | been paid off for a while.
        
         | wheelinsupial wrote:
         | What's hard to believe about this? Do you think the analysis is
         | wrong?
         | 
         | Since you've given an anecdote, I'll share mine.
         | 
         | I make more than the median income where I live. The closest
         | place that matches 2x my income is more than 100km away from me
         | and it's a mobile home.
         | 
         | My current apartment is 3.5 times what I earn, but that's
         | because I bought it 5 years ago when it was 4.3 times what I
         | earned. If I sold this apartment today, then someone earning
         | the median income would be paying at least 7.5 times their
         | income.
         | 
         | 30+ years ago my parents bought a house for less than what I
         | paid for my apartment. They also earned more than 2x what I
         | earn now. So they might have been in a similar situation to you
         | had they not gotten divorced. People buying that same house now
         | have to pay 10-12 times income if they make what my parents
         | did. Closer to 20 times income if they earn a median income.
        
       | refurb wrote:
       | Now adjust that chart for interest rates and monthly payments.
        
       | keltex wrote:
       | A more accurate measure of affordability change might be home
       | payment to income ratio:
       | 
       | https://www.corelogic.com/intelligence/comparing-two-home-pr...
        
       | standardUser wrote:
       | Some very clever and influential people better start finding and
       | implementing real solutions to housing prices right now. If they
       | don't, expect overwhelming support from Millennials for massive
       | expansions to public housing and rent control, if not even more
       | draconian measures.
        
         | CountDrewku wrote:
         | The solution is to leave cities that aren't affordable. Sorry,
         | but you may not get to live beach-side or be in walking
         | distance from your hipster coffee joint in downtown SF.
         | 
         | I really think a lot of the problem is our generation grew up
         | watching too many movies and they just think it's normal to
         | live in some high end condo in Manhattan while working for
         | Enterprise Rent-A-Car. That's not realistic.
        
         | loeg wrote:
         | The solution is to build more housing. California has
         | historically been terrible about that but SB9 and 10 are
         | significant steps in the right direction.
        
           | tharne wrote:
           | It consistently shocks me how rarely this is brought up as a
           | solution. Price of something too high? Increase the supply.
        
             | maxsilver wrote:
             | Because it doesn't actually work. It helps a tiny little
             | bit, in the places that are actually somewhat constrained
             | (like SF/BayArea specifically). But it's not any kind of
             | significant fix. Housing is an investment asset for stock
             | market folks, it doesn't follow a Econ-101 understanding of
             | "supply" and "demand" in any meaningful way.
             | 
             | The Midwest and the South are both way ahead of California
             | on the whole "just build more housing" thing, for example,
             | and have been for many years. And yeah, it makes us
             | somewhat cheaper than a coastal city if you have California
             | dollars to burn. But our Price-to-Income-Ratio's are still
             | in the high 5-7+ range too, just like everywhere else.
             | 
             | We have basically zero population growth, and every single
             | stray piece of land is getting built on right now (record
             | high construction, record high new housing starts, for the
             | past three years straight) and housing prices _still_ rise
             | 10% to 15% every single year like clockwork, with no end in
             | sight.
             | 
             | "Just build more" sounds really pretty, but that alone will
             | never get housing prices back down to a real-world-
             | affordable figure for most people.
        
               | taurath wrote:
               | We don't build enough - density levels are extremely low
               | compared to much of the world. Most US cities have a
               | small downtown dense area and are surrounded by single
               | family homes. Even the Bay Area is something like 80%
               | single family zoned.
               | 
               | NYC on the other hand is a good example of what you're
               | talking about - it's expensive to live there and pretty
               | dense already. But Tokyo for example had 150k housing
               | starts on a recent year, which is more than LA, NYC,
               | Boston, and Houston combined (source: https://www.google.
               | com/amp/s/www.wsj.com/amp/articles/what-h...) - amp link
               | to get around paywall.
               | 
               | I think there's tons of evidence that we just don't build
               | enough myself. In bangkok, another market, they're
               | throwing up more new tall buildings every year than
               | almost the entire USA does.
        
               | resonantjacket5 wrote:
               | > Housing is an investment asset for stock market folks,
               | it doesn't follow a Econ-101 understanding of "supply"
               | and "demand" in any meaningful way.
               | 
               | You are partially right that Econ-101 doesn't explain it
               | well, but if you take Econ-201 it does explain how
               | housing supply/demand works. Why it doesn't work as easy
               | as 101 is that the location matters for the 'good' unlike
               | say cars which can be shipped in from anywhere. And also
               | zoning artificially constrains land from being used for
               | housing.
        
               | marvin wrote:
               | Are you saying that if the housing market has 10 million
               | homes and 7 million people live there, prices will
               | continue to appreciate to stratospheric levels because
               | someone will magically appear to buy the excess 3 million
               | properties and leave them without tenants? That's what it
               | sounds like to me.
        
               | newaccount2021 wrote:
               | there will never be a market with 1/3 of homes empty and
               | surplus - where do the builders get the capital to pay
               | for land and construction?
        
             | noneeeed wrote:
             | It's been so frustrating watching people celebrating UK
             | governments who have repeatedly failed to really tackle the
             | supply side issues while propping up the demand side with
             | tweaks that just increase the prices.
             | 
             | The most amazing example of this was the stamp-duty holiday
             | to help stimulate the market for a few months during covid.
             | The maximum you could save was PS15k. The average house
             | price increased during that time by about PS16k...
        
               | russx2 wrote:
               | They were still likely benefiting to be fair. Remember
               | stamp duty is paid externally to the mortgage so it
               | effectively comes off your deposit, not your loan.
        
             | cryptoz wrote:
             | This is brought up all the time. There is frequently huge
             | opposition from locals anywhere regarding increasing
             | housing supply.
        
               | toxik wrote:
               | And many times rightly so, living next door to a long
               | construction project is a mistake I will only make once
               | in my life. Utter insanity to be woken up by literal
               | bombs going off in the bedrock.
        
               | loeg wrote:
               | Yeah, this is why SB9/10 work - they override the problem
               | of that vocal minority of locals.
        
             | tomkat0789 wrote:
             | Me too! I think the average American thinks "increase
             | supply" means skyscrapers with apartments, rather than
             | lower impact multiunit, mixed-use apartments/street shops
             | that are more common in Europe.
             | 
             | Another issue with increasing supply/density: where is
             | every household going to park its 2-3 cars?!
             | 
             | (Disclaimer: I've been watching tons of City Beautiful and
             | Not Just Bikes on Youtube)
        
               | corpdronejuly wrote:
               | The issue is that those kinds of mixed use neighborhoods
               | are literally illegal in most American Suburbs. Strong
               | Towns goes over this, but our zoning laws are basically
               | designed to create and exacerbate this problem long run
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | Increasing supply can help some. But when you do that, you
             | increase demand for material and labor, which can negate
             | _some_ of the benefit depending on what markets we 're
             | looking at.
             | 
             | The real problem isn't supply at all, it's the distribution
             | of supply and the choices of people to live there.
        
               | ashtonkem wrote:
               | > The real problem isn't supply at all, it's the
               | distribution of supply and the choices of people to live
               | there.
               | 
               | I've said this plenty of times; America has plenty of
               | homes, it just doesn't have enough homes where people
               | actually want to live.
               | 
               | You can get a home in my parents home town (which they
               | left) for $60-100k right now. The issue is that there are
               | no jobs and even fewer services. It was probably a great
               | place to live 80 years ago when small towns were the
               | norm, but now it's shrinking, aging, and a long distance
               | from any of the amenities that most Americans now demand.
        
               | km3r wrote:
               | The same problem of the house price to income ratio shows
               | there is as much of a housing shortage in rural America
               | as well. "Solving" housing by moving all high CoL people
               | to rural America is just going to price out all those
               | with lower CoL area salaries. Our vacancy rate nation
               | wide is low, likely well within the frictional margins
               | that need to exist for a healthy market.
        
               | ashtonkem wrote:
               | This is certainly happening in small cities right now, as
               | prices skyrocket.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | "The same problem of the house price to income ratio
               | shows there is as much of a housing shortage in rural
               | America as well."
               | 
               | Not necessarily. You can't use the overall picture data
               | to make claims about localized or subcategories of data.
               | Especially if the bulk of the people live in suburban and
               | urban areas.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | Remote work could solve a lot of this. I would love to
               | live in a more rural area with cheaper housing.
               | 
               | "... a long distance from any of the amenities that most
               | Americans now demand."
               | 
               | Like what? Many amenities and services have been moving
               | to the at-home or online model for decades - arcades,
               | movies, shopping, car buying, telehealth, etc. It seems
               | there should be less reliance on physical amenities now
               | than in the past.
               | 
               | We are starting to movement from HCOL and high tax areas.
               | Companies are moving for tax and regulatory purposes and
               | most people seem happy to follow when the cost of living
               | is significantly lower.
        
               | ashtonkem wrote:
               | The data seems to imply that remote work is letting high
               | paid workers move from the coasts to smaller cities, not
               | rural towns. The persistent low prices of houses in rural
               | America certainly backs this up. Meanwhile home prices in
               | small cities are skyrocketing.
               | 
               | > Like what? Many amenities and services have been moving
               | to the at-home or online model for decades - arcades,
               | movies, shopping, car buying, telehealth, etc. It seems
               | there should be less reliance on physical amenities now
               | than in the past.
               | 
               | My parents town's nearest major store is a Walmart 45
               | minutes away. There is a significant difference between
               | "we need less amenities now" and "we need no amenities".
               | Committing to an hour and a half drive for anything
               | Amazon can't deliver is sub ideal.
        
               | 0xffff2 wrote:
               | The price of houses in rural America seems to also be
               | skyrocketing. My house 40 miles outside of the nearest
               | "smaller city" (population ~20k) has gone up in value
               | over 50% since I bought it 3 years ago.
        
               | km3r wrote:
               | No, vacancy rates are at near all time lows. Any
               | reputable study will show we have a housing shortage.
               | Even in rural America, house prices are skyrocketing. We
               | need to build more, ideally near transit hubs as to
               | minimize the effect on infrastructure, and reduce our
               | environmental impact.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | Tons of empty houses in the Appalachian region.
               | 
               | The vacancy rate may be at a low, but it is still about
               | 10%. Sure, we still need to build more houses, but the
               | point here is that distribution is important to both. If
               | you build houses in a HCOL area, the cost will be higher.
               | We should be looking at redistributing to areas with the
               | highest rates of vacancy an LCOL.
               | 
               | Part of why prices are going up is inflation and cost of
               | materials and labor. Prices in rural america are up, but
               | I wouldn't say skyrocketing. There might be places that
               | are skyrocketing, but I'm guessing they are in commute
               | distance of the cities.
        
               | resonantjacket5 wrote:
               | Those aren't really useful homes then.
               | 
               | The housing crisis is more accurately an imbalance of
               | houses-to-jobs in a metro area.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | Remote work can unbound that, at least within a low
               | percentage situation, like under 10% vacant. Not to
               | mention that some companies are moving out of higher cost
               | areas to lower cost ones (like CA to TX).
        
               | resonantjacket5 wrote:
               | Lol, and once you build houses in those new regions, I'd
               | assume those neighbors also block new housing from being
               | built near them? Plus there's still plenty of jobs that
               | cannot be done remotely, I feel generally in the tech
               | world people are highly overestimating the amount of
               | remote jobs proportional to the rest of the population.
               | 
               | Why the companies are moving from California to Texas is
               | exactly because Texas' local zoning laws aren't as
               | stringent allowing for cheaper housing.
               | 
               | The fix really isn't that complicated, it's allow more
               | houses to be built where jobs are demanded. Not quite
               | sure why people always twist and turn justifications for
               | why only 1-story houses should be built.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | "The fix really isn't that complicated, it's allow more
               | houses to be built where jobs are demanded."
               | 
               | Or move jobs to areas where housing is cheaper and easier
               | to build. Just allowing more houses to be built doesn't
               | solve it entirely. For example, labor will be more
               | expensive in HCOL areas.
               | 
               | "Why the companies are moving from California to Texas is
               | exactly because Texas' local zoning laws aren't as
               | stringent allowing for cheaper housing."
               | 
               | Not really, although it might be a secondary component.
               | The main part is taxes and regulation.
        
               | resonantjacket5 wrote:
               | > Just allowing more houses to be built doesn't solve it
               | entirely. For example, labor will be more expensive in
               | HCOL areas.
               | 
               | Labor increased cost is really nothing compared to the
               | zoning barring new construction. If labor was truly the
               | barrier then when upzoned no construction would take
               | place. Additionally a large reason why labor is so
               | expensive is from the constrained housing in the first
               | place -- again stemming from the zoning.
               | 
               | > Not really, although it might be a secondary component.
               | The main part is taxes and regulation.
               | 
               | Zoning is regulation.
        
           | Doches wrote:
           | The solution, like it's been for pretty much all of American
           | history, is to _move_. We're a migrant people; when
           | opportunity calls or the cost of living where you are gets
           | too high, we go west in search of greener, cheaper, less
           | heavily-zoned pastures.
           | 
           | Seems fitting that in the 21st century we flip that on its
           | head. Cost of living in SF or Seattle got you down? Go East,
           | young man! Head down to Texas or east to Ohio, and register
           | to vote when you get there.
           | 
           | Be the change you want to see.
        
             | reidjs wrote:
             | Most of my friends and family live here. I would rather fix
             | the problems here than move.
        
             | tomtheelder wrote:
             | This is emphatically not the solution, nor is it a viable
             | option for the vast majority of people. Uprooting oneself
             | and losing your personal and professional networks is
             | simply not realistic for most who aren't already very
             | comfortable. Not to mention the damage that does to the
             | communities that people migrate into.
             | 
             | The solution is, and always has been, to increase supply,
             | specifically in the form of increased density.
        
           | asdff wrote:
           | California being terrible is only a recent phenomenom. It
           | used to be common to convert your sfh into an apartment
           | complex. There are 5 story single lot brick apartments on my
           | block that are still illegal to build on a neighboring lot
           | today with SB9 and 10.
           | 
           | Even just straight up rolling back to zoning codes that
           | existed in 1960 without much further change would do a lot
           | for supply. Los Angeles in 2010 had a population of 4 million
           | and was zoned for 4.3 million homes. Los Angeles in 1960 on
           | the other hand had a population of 2.5 million and was
           | actually zoned for 10 million homes.
        
         | m_ke wrote:
         | Simple solution would be to put a property and sales tax ramp
         | on additional homes. Make landlords who own N homes pay 1.5^N
         | the normal rate.
        
           | corpdronejuly wrote:
           | The issue then becomes silly games with shell corporations
           | hiding how many homes people own, which pushes homes into the
           | hands of larger landlords who can afford to pay someone to
           | play those silly games.
        
             | soperj wrote:
             | Don't allow corps to own housing.
        
             | m_ke wrote:
             | Make it pass through to the shareholders.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | splistud wrote:
           | What other ideas do you have for drastically raising the
           | price of rent?
        
             | m_ke wrote:
             | I'd expect this policy to tank the real estate market,
             | causing rents to fall along with it.
             | 
             | Since you asked, another idea would be to slap a vacancy
             | tax on top of this.
        
         | topspin wrote:
         | "better start finding and implementing real solutions to
         | housing prices right now"
         | 
         | They can't. Providing supply will suffer the wrath of
         | BANANA/CAVE/NIMBY anywhere you dream of living. Constraining
         | demand will either get you voted out of office or devastate
         | your political network or both, depending on which policy you
         | attempt. You're competing with a whole planet full of people
         | that want to live here and have more means than you.
         | 
         | Seek property where demand is lower and development isn't
         | effectively outlawed. Forget any livable cities or high
         | population states. For 99% of you that means living far away
         | from your preferred locale among people you probably loath. If
         | that's not acceptable then keep renting or live in a van.
         | 
         | The good news is many of you can work remote. That is an
         | affordance you can leverage to great benefit.
        
           | Doches wrote:
           | > For 99% of you that means living far away from your
           | preferred locale among people you probably loath.
           | 
           | Parent comment is vitriolic but not actually wrong. Myself, I
           | take great comfort in the idea of huge swaths of liberal,
           | well-educated millennials and xennials migrating out of
           | coastal cities and into small towns across the South and
           | Midwest. Can you work remotely? Want to own your own home on
           | a multi-acre lot for $100k, and live in a place with sunshine
           | and warm weather nine months out of the year?
           | 
           | Sure, you'll end up living in the most conservative parts of
           | deeply red states -- but try it. Live among people you
           | disagree with -- we're all still Americans, it'll be OK --
           | and if enough of your friends and fellow Ivy alumns make the
           | jump you'd be surprised how easily you could turn Texas or
           | Georgia nicely purple.
           | 
           | We've got to end the big sort, at any cost. And the hilarious
           | difference in cost of living is probably our last, best hope.
        
             | taurath wrote:
             | I think there's plenty of real reasons people don't do this
             | economically, but don't downplay the social parts of it -
             | we have very Balkanized communities in the US. Ask a
             | minority what it's like going on a road trip sometime - I
             | guarantee there's many places where they won't want to
             | stop.
             | 
             | Living in a place with no amenities, an extremely
             | regressive/borderline extreme social climate and a lack of
             | economic opportunity for people who don't have remote tech
             | jobs and it gets depressing really fast. Also when you try
             | to buy healthy food from a dollar general.
        
               | twofornone wrote:
               | >I guarantee there's many places where they won't want to
               | stop.
               | 
               | As someone who recently made the jump to a rural area,
               | these problems are almost entirely imaginary. The notion
               | of backwards, ignorant, racist rednecks occupying all the
               | rural lands is nothing but a bigoted stereotype.
               | 
               | Southern hospitality is real; and while rural peoples
               | will be more likely to notice and acknowledge cultural
               | differences, they generally are open minded and just as
               | respectful of nonwhite neighbors as white ones. It's the
               | city folk who don't understand the roles that politeness
               | and respect play in southern living, necessary for the
               | unbelievably high trust society that only really exists
               | outside of cities.
               | 
               | The truth is that urbanites have been hypersensitized to
               | so called racism, and completely mislead as to what
               | rural/conservative culture is actually like. But I don't
               | mind a bit, that means more cheap land for me.
        
             | rjbwork wrote:
             | I was ready to buy an estate in the Georgia mountains
             | earlier this year - then I saw the internet connection
             | options. Then I looked up how much it would cost me to get
             | a decent wired connection out there.
             | 
             | Totally unviable for tech workers to live in most of the
             | solid red areas of the country strictly due internet
             | capabilities, or lack thereof.
        
               | kyleblarson wrote:
               | Extrapolating from 'rural mountainous Georgia' to all red
               | states, including Texas and Florida is a bit of a
               | stretch. I live in a remote mountain town in North
               | Central Washington and there are dozens, if not hundreds,
               | of remote tech workers. I have good internet through a
               | local ISP and starlink is now prevalent in our area as
               | well.
        
               | rjbwork wrote:
               | Fair enough. I was looking in the triangle between
               | Asheville, Nashville, and Atlanta. The few homes i was
               | like "I will buy this now if i can get good internets"
               | did not play out for me. I'm looking for an excess of
               | land though, to indulge my many hobbies, so that is
               | certainly constraining my options. It's okay though, I'm
               | in no rush. Once Starlink is rolled out en masse I'm sure
               | the equation will drastically change for me.
               | 
               | Also, FWIW, I meant more rural areas than just "red
               | states". Even in solidly republican states there is a
               | fairly prominent urban/rural divide.
        
               | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
               | Then keep looking. I'm a liberal, minority techie living
               | on a farm: one of my base requirements for moving here 15
               | years ago was at least a minimal amount of wired
               | broadband.
               | 
               | This summer the phone company has been pulling fiber all
               | over the place. I was told that it's not going to be put
               | in use until next year, but at least they're planning
               | ahead.
               | 
               |  _Especially_ after the last year and a half of distance
               | learning and working from home, there is a big push all
               | over the place to get faster internet connections because
               | the people already living out here are demanding it.
        
               | JoeAltmaier wrote:
               | Got mine a month ago! In rural Iowa.
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | OK but this is not actually happening. Young, well-educated
             | people with high incomes are the only types of people who
             | continue to flow into California. They are driving out
             | poorer and generally less-well-educated people, because of
             | course that is how it will work in a competitive housing
             | price market.
             | 
             | See this report for details:
             | https://lao.ca.gov/LAOEconTax/Article/Detail/675
        
             | splistud wrote:
             | If you lived in the types of areas where people 'move to',
             | you'd see it's not the state that turns purple, it's the
             | immigrants. Then they turn reddish (or they quickly leave).
        
             | polskibus wrote:
             | Hey, you can leave US you know. Europe will probably gladly
             | have you.
        
               | CountDrewku wrote:
               | Yeah you might wanna look up housing prices there. Most
               | young people don't own and the average size of the places
               | they live in is much smaller.
        
               | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
               | Please don't. The housing market is fucked in EU urban
               | areas now too. Without an inheritance you can't afford to
               | buy anything decent around a developed city with jobs
               | even on a tech salary.
               | 
               | As selfish as this may sound, the last thing we need is
               | more foreign competition on the housing market with
               | bigger pockets.
               | 
               | It would be fair that if people from the US want to buy
               | property here with their foreign megabucks, we should
               | also get unrestricted visa-free access to the US labor
               | market. Tit for tat. Otherwise it's just unfair to
               | Europeans to be outspent out of their own housing market.
        
               | quantumBerry wrote:
               | Yes, because nothing would ruin Albania or Georgia more
               | than a few tech workers siphoning profits from US into
               | their local economies.
        
               | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
               | Of course it wouldn't ruin the countries themselves, the
               | countries would profit somewhat, but it would however
               | hurt the middle class since now they have more
               | competition on the housing market that's much wealthier
               | so you're increasing inequality.
               | 
               | Just because the country is profiting from your
               | megabucks, doesn't mean the average Joe is.
               | 
               | Look at Austria. The most touristic areas are profiting a
               | lot from all that foreign tourist money, but a lot of the
               | locals can't afford to live there anymore as all that
               | tourist money is only going into a few pockets. Those who
               | don't already own something or have an inheritance have
               | been royaly fucked by that tourist money. It increases
               | inequality between the haves and the have-nots.
        
               | quantumBerry wrote:
               | > it would however hurt the middle class since
               | 
               | If the middle class are the ones buying the properties,
               | then they're the ones selling them. Therefore it actually
               | injects money into the middle class, foreign capital that
               | never existed in that country.
               | 
               | >he most touristic areas are profiting a lot from all
               | that foreign tourist money, but a lot of the locals can't
               | afford to live there anymore as all that tourist money
               | 
               | Those who move to a country to work and live there on
               | anything but a very short term basis on not generally
               | considered tourists. Most of the money flowing into the
               | rich is a function of capitalism, not just tourism. You
               | can examine virtually any industry and make the same
               | statement. Yet, some fraction of money is usually better
               | than nothing for the middle class people benefitting.
               | 
               | The US has your Austrian analogue, it is called Hawaii.
               | In Hawaii most money is made from tourism. The common
               | person there is mostly employed in tourism. Housing
               | prices are high, because lots of people want to live
               | there. The result when it was mostly closed off for
               | coronavirus was that although demand for housing
               | decreased, unemployment skyrocketed without tourism,
               | making the middle class worse off.
        
               | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
               | _> If the middle class are the ones buying the
               | properties, then they're the ones selling them._
               | 
               | Sorry but since you make no distinction between someone
               | owning and selling a house ($500k asset in Austria) and
               | someone who doesn't own a house and call them both
               | middles class is just plain wrong.
               | 
               | The property owner middle classer is significantly better
               | off than than the other and would benefit even more from
               | your intention of buying while the other middle classer
               | is worse off without a property to his name and will
               | suffer more from being in competition with you.
               | 
               | Sure, one guy profits, but you can't possibly tell me
               | with a straight face someone else doesn't get screwed
               | from this wealth driven game of music chairs which is the
               | property market right now.
        
               | quantumBerry wrote:
               | You just said the middle class was the competition for
               | these houses. If the middle class are the ones who own
               | these houses it follows they are the ones selling them.
               | You seem upset you were caught up in your fallacious
               | logic and fail to understand it's the middle class making
               | the money off these sales.
        
               | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
               | I think you misunderstood my comment, but whatever.
               | Still, to follow up on your latest example, the classes
               | below those who own the properties you want to buy get
               | screwed since you're still increasing inequality between
               | the asset owners and the non-asset owners by increasing
               | housing demand. Simple.
        
               | quantumBerry wrote:
               | I don't follow. The total wealth inside country starts
               | out here:
               | 
               | value of house + value of rest of economy.
               | 
               | Now someone foreign comes into the country to live there
               | and work in tech from abroad. They buy a house. Now the
               | wealth inside the country looks like this:
               | 
               | value of house + foreign money paid for house + value of
               | rest of country.
               | 
               | You can see that the wealth inside the country has
               | increased. If it is the middle class owning those houses,
               | then the wealth of middle class has changed by the
               | difference in value between the value of the house and
               | what it was sold for. The middle class then further
               | benefits from whatever money the foreign worker spends in
               | the country, which is a net gain for the middle class,
               | plus the injection into the economy of the foreign money
               | paid for the house. The only way the middle class end up
               | worse off here is if the foreigner doesn't live and work
               | here, and is just a foreign landlord (siphoning money out
               | of the country) -- which is something I think we can both
               | agree is detrimental.
               | 
               | I will say here in the US people have a lot of problems
               | with foreign landlords and people who buy property here
               | and don't live here. But only the most backwards rednecks
               | have serious issue with an honest foreigner who buys a
               | normal middle class house to live their lives, especially
               | if they are injecting foreign capital into our economy.
        
               | silisili wrote:
               | You've basically described the sentiment and current
               | situation with the US midwest and south.
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | I know in Berlin they consider themselves to be having a
               | housing crisis but last I checked apartments in desirable
               | districts of Berlin were like a quarter of Bay Area
               | housing prices, for example < EUR1000/mo for a 2 bedroom
               | / 50 m^2 apartment.
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | So are the wages. Or maybe not exactly that bad, but they
               | are no where close.
        
               | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
               | When was that? Prices are higher now for something
               | decent. Also I was taking about buying property not
               | renting.
               | 
               |  _> districts of Berlin were like a quarter of Bay Area
               | housing_
               | 
               | So what? Nothing touches Bay Area prices, even in the US.
               | And then there's the income difference as well.
               | 
               | Try comparing to something more similar like Texas. Last
               | I checked average dev wages in Austin are easily 2x more
               | than average dev wages in Berlin while buying a house
               | there costs the same. So who's buying power is stronger
               | then?
               | 
               | Buying something decent in Germany now, in the current
               | market is nearly impossible without an inheritance.
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | Before COVID-19, when I was still allowed to travel :-/
        
               | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
               | Prices are higher now. And please don't compare Berlin to
               | SF it's apples and oranges.
        
             | jdavis703 wrote:
             | > Live among people you disagree with -- we're all still
             | Americans, it'll be OK
             | 
             | I grew up in the American south, and migrated to California
             | as an adult. As a Black person I can say this doesn't work
             | as well in practice. It's better than the old days (when my
             | mom was growing up segregation was still legal and the
             | military warned her parents to be back on base before
             | sunset.) But I'd much rather live in a welcoming area.
        
               | Doches wrote:
               | That is...a very fair qualification. I grew up white in
               | the South, where my mom used to tell me stories about
               | school integration. Knowing that my otherwise-welcoming
               | neighbors/family/peers might randomly turn out to be
               | racist assholes when confronted by someone of slightly
               | different skin tone was and remains my least favorite
               | thing about the place, by a margin that's wider than
               | Texas.
               | 
               | There's "be the change you want to see", and then there's
               | "move to a place where you're likely to murdered in the
               | street for pointless, intractable reasons." I can't say I
               | blame you for getting the hell out; I just hope that in
               | our lifetime you feel comfortable going back to where you
               | grew up.
               | 
               | The weather's great (except for the hurricanes) and the
               | barbecue is amazing (except in the Carolinas). Maybe one
               | day you can get back here and we can all work together on
               | fixing whatever the hell is wrong with (some of) the
               | people.
        
           | sparrc wrote:
           | > Providing supply will suffer the wrath of BANANA/CAVE/NIMBY
           | anywhere you dream of living
           | 
           | TBH I would have said the same thing 5-10 years ago, but I
           | think this notion is outdated now.
           | 
           | I live in a famously NIMBY city (Seattle) and things have
           | changed a lot in the last 5 years. I would guess that single-
           | family zoning will be gone within 5 years.
           | 
           | Although I don't buy it, some people even argue that SFH
           | zoning is already gone in Seattle due to ADU/DADU reforms.
        
           | everdrive wrote:
           | And yet no one is promoting vasectomies. I know exactly how
           | to reduce demand without increasing supply, but it'll take
           | about 30 years.
        
             | CountDrewku wrote:
             | The birth rate is already dropping in the US....
        
               | topspin wrote:
               | And yet the population is not. Ergo, you're competing not
               | just with your fellow citizens, but the whole planet.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | tov247 wrote:
         | The solutions are political not technical. Housing needs to be
         | something that isn't used primarily to make money.
         | Cooperatives, Vienna-style PPPs, and a society where if your
         | house price doesn't constantly increase you can afford to
         | retire.
        
         | ido wrote:
         | Why do you consider the 2 examples you gave "draconian"?
        
           | zbrozek wrote:
           | Not the OP, but I'll guess that it's because both of them
           | strongly erode property rights. Another, more freedom-
           | preserving, approach is to make it easier to build build
           | build. Planet Money had a decent introduction a couple years
           | ago.[0]
           | 
           | In the current NIMBY climate, my neighbor is struggling with
           | the red tape to repave her driveway. Building a new home
           | around here seems about as improbable as a hobbyist making
           | the first human Mars landing.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2019/03/05/700432258/t
           | he-...
        
             | spoonjim wrote:
             | How does public housing abridge property rights?
        
               | zbrozek wrote:
               | Sorry, I think I conflated "public" with "low-income"
               | housing in reading the comment. They're clearly
               | different, though often uttered together.
        
               | spoonjim wrote:
               | How does low income housing abridge property rights?
        
             | bakuninsbart wrote:
             | Are property rights freedom-preserving? One of the most
             | infuriating bits of my visit to the US West coast was
             | driving up from LA to SF and a lot of the really nice bits
             | of coast not being accessible to the public. There's
             | compromises like germanic Jedermansrecht [0], but overall I
             | think limiting property rights is often a net gain of
             | freedom.
             | 
             | I do agree on the problem of NYMBYism though. There's a
             | funny-if-not-so-sad dispute here in Berlin at the moment,
             | where the leftist state government is desperately trying to
             | build public housing while the leftist local government in
             | the district of Lichtenberg is blocking a major developing
             | due to local concern. Sadly I can't find an article in
             | English, but I am sure there are dozens if not hundreds of
             | examples for that.
             | 
             | [0]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_to_roam
        
               | quartesixte wrote:
               | Those coast lines are most likely either inaccessible due
               | to environmental protection concerns, or just straight up
               | not easily accessible -- lots of cliffs on the West
               | Coast.
               | 
               | Or just not very fun to be on. The beach cities of
               | Southern California are blessed with having some of the
               | most accessible beaches.
        
               | reducesuffering wrote:
               | All of the California coastline is public.
        
               | jcrawfordor wrote:
               | California coast is public up to mean high tide. This is
               | appreciably different from, for example, Oregon where it
               | is public further in (typically to the vegetation line,
               | details are slightly complex). It makes it significantly
               | easier for California property owners to de facto remove
               | public access to beaches, which is very common in some
               | areas. On top of this, CA courts have often been
               | reluctant to enforce public rights to beaches.
        
               | ashtonkem wrote:
               | > Are property rights freedom-preserving?
               | 
               | You'll find that historically speaking "freedom" and
               | "property rights" are treated as synonymous for some
               | political theorists, including the ones that founded the
               | United States. This is one of the foundational aspects[0]
               | of liberalism that has come to rule the western world;
               | the idea that property rights are sacred and must have an
               | exceptionally high bar for the collective to intercede
               | on.
               | 
               | Whether or not that equivalence is true is a debatable
               | matter. One of the unfortunate outcomes is the ability
               | for the individual to withdraw their property from public
               | use, often to the detriment of the whole (such as the
               | beach example you provided).
               | 
               | Also, the fact that the founding thinkers of liberalism
               | and America itself tended to own slaves or trade in them
               | doesn't necessarily disprove the basic argument, but it's
               | a pretty strong counter point at least.
               | 
               | 0 - There are of course other tenants to liberalism that
               | I've not included here, due to their irrelevance for the
               | subject at hand.
        
           | JTbane wrote:
           | Econ 101 says that rent control (in effect a price ceiling)
           | just results in scarcity (people are unable to get ANY
           | housing), rather than actually reducing the cost of housing.
        
             | Rebelgecko wrote:
             | It also exacerbates other problems that go hand in hand
             | with urban areas, such as traffic. Most people would rather
             | stay in their rent controlled apartment and drive an hour
             | to work instead of having to move and pay the current
             | market value
        
             | Enginerrrd wrote:
             | I'm not sure why you're being downvoted. This is the
             | theoretical prediction based on simple microeconomics. By
             | example, I believe NY rent controls were ineffective to the
             | point where rents outside of controlled areas went higher
             | than they otherwise would have and within rent control
             | areas there was (and is) scarcity of housing.
        
           | standardUser wrote:
           | Draconian is a strong word (but cool-sounding) and what I
           | really mean is "antiquated". But they are also somewhat blunt
           | instruments and have historically lead to unwanted
           | consequence. We already have more modern, market-oriented
           | solutions, like vouchers and tax-credit housing, but those
           | have problems too. My bigger point was, Millennials tend to
           | react big when specific issues rise to the forefront, and if
           | there aren't better solution than what is already on the
           | table, we risk people clinging to whatever ideas do exist,
           | which in the realm of housing, are mostly shit ideas.
        
             | beepbooptheory wrote:
             | Its interesting how often on HN the main problem always
             | ends up being how people will "feel" about the next crisis,
             | and the danger of that feeling itself. It's a weird kind of
             | proxy self-consciousness older generations have on behalf
             | of the economy. Always and forever: "no no, it's not that
             | bad, really!"
             | 
             | meanwhile people are very much homeless, whether they are
             | millenials or not, whether they react strongly or not.
        
           | mrfusion wrote:
           | Rent control really doesn't make sense. If we could make
           | things cheaper by passing a law we'd do it for everything.
           | 
           | Rent control won't work for the same reason a price control
           | for food or cars won't work.
           | 
           | https://freakonomics.com/podcast/rent-control/
        
             | standardUser wrote:
             | Some forms of rent stabilization make perfect sense. But
             | most of the policies implemented in big cities are far too
             | restrictive. There is a lot of policy to be explored
             | between "your rent never goes up forever" and "you can't be
             | immediately evicted for no reason". No one wants the
             | latter, but there are better ways to address that, like
             | much longer notices for rent increases, or requiring multi-
             | year lease options.
        
               | mrfusion wrote:
               | Sounds feasible. I don't normally think of that as rent
               | control.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | San Jose limits annual rent increases to 5%. That seems
               | reasonable (unless inflation gets out of control).
               | Tenants aren't immediately forced out of their homes if
               | the market rate jumps 20% in one year. But landlords can
               | still eventually raise rents to market rates spread out
               | over several years. There's no absolute limit on maximum
               | rent.
        
               | laverya wrote:
               | If it was inflation + 5%, I'd be fine with that - but a
               | flat 5% limit only works so long as inflation stays low.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | Technically, it only works if the (notional, I'm not sure
               | this is an actual tracked category) PPI for rental
               | housing is low, general (CPI) inflation may loosely
               | correlate with that, but its not _directly_ relevant.
        
               | ralph84 wrote:
               | Inflation may not be out of control yet, but certainly
               | things like insurance, parts and labor for repairs and
               | maintenance, and HOA dues are already increasing more
               | than 5%/year. And property taxes alone are guaranteed to
               | increase 2%/year in California. Not saying we should feel
               | sorry for landlords, but when some parts of a market have
               | price controls and other parts don't, distortions are
               | inevitable.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > And property taxes alone are guaranteed to increase
               | 2%/year in California
               | 
               | No, they aren't. Assuming no increase in property tax
               | rate (which is a good assumption, since your local taxing
               | jurisdiction almost certainly already charges the maximum
               | nominal rate of 1% allowed under Prop. 13), your property
               | taxes will increase only by the amount your assessed
               | value for taxation increases, which is capped to the
               | _lower_ of 2% or the actual annual (trailing) rate of
               | inflation.
               | 
               | For 2021/2022 the actual cap is 1.036%, based on the
               | actual California CPI for October 2019 through October
               | 2020.
        
             | antisthenes wrote:
             | > If we could make things cheaper by passing a law we'd do
             | it for everything.
             | 
             | Price controls for medicine are proven to work, based on
             | single payer European systems. They cost cheaper and
             | provide better outcomes than the US system.
             | 
             | Yet here we are.
        
               | JamesBarney wrote:
               | The way price controls affect supply is people build less
               | of the thing who's price your controlling.
               | 
               | Since medicine is mostly a technological good, it lets
               | the rest of the world freeride off America paying for
               | much of medical R&D.
        
               | mrfusion wrote:
               | That's a little different because we're dealing with a
               | monopoly which can raise prices above the market rate.
               | 
               | But you are correct that in those cases it can work well.
               | Same with other monopolies like utilities.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | That is an example of what economists call the free rider
               | problem. European countries get cheap drugs only because
               | they are effectively being subsidized by Americans.
               | 
               | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/free_rider_problem.a
               | sp
               | 
               | Outcome differences are due more to public health and
               | social factors like obesity. Expensive drugs or lack
               | thereof have only a tiny impact at the population level.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | US pharma spends an outsized amount on sales and
               | marketing, expenses that could be eliminated if public
               | funding was spent directly on R&D.
               | 
               | Europeans aren't free riding; they're paying a reasonable
               | rate for these goods while Americans are shouldered with
               | extraction of revenue for pharma profits and those
               | inefficient (and arguably unnecessary) sales and
               | marketing expenses.
               | 
               | Only two countries in the world permit marketing directly
               | to consumers to promote pharmaceuticals: the United
               | States and New Zealand.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | There is already a lot of public funding for basic
               | biomedical research. Actual drug development is another
               | thing entirely. If this were publicly funded then funding
               | would be allocated based on political priorities rather
               | than realistic scientific and economic assessments. That
               | misallocation of resources would overwhelm any savings
               | from reducing sales and marketing expenses.
               | 
               | But in general the traditional drug development approach
               | of finding small molecule drugs to treat specific
               | diseases is running out of steam. Most of the low-hanging
               | fruit has already been picked.
        
               | cestith wrote:
               | A ban on marketing prescription-only drugs directly to
               | the public existed in the US until recent decades. The
               | amount spent on marketing skyrocketed when that ban was
               | removed.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Since there's no way to reinstate the marketing ban short
               | of a Constitutional amendment (basically impossible) that
               | point is moot.
        
               | rurp wrote:
               | It's not like profit motive is a great allocation method
               | either though. There are massive perverse incentives to
               | favor expensive ongoing treatments over cures or
               | prevention.
        
               | disordinary wrote:
               | But, because healthcare is public in NZ you wouldn't
               | bother with the brand names as you'll have to pay for
               | them (generics are funded by the taxpayer through
               | Pharmac, which is the crown entity that is responsible
               | for buying all publicly funded medication for NZ).
               | 
               | It's like Private hospitals, we have them, but very few
               | people use them as the public system is better equipped
               | and paid for by the tax payer.
        
               | FredPret wrote:
               | That's different. The drugs are invented and produced all
               | over the world and can be imported to Europe. So low
               | European drug prices will harm overall pharma innovation
               | a bit without killing the entire market.
               | 
               | Housing, OTOH, is always local. Low rents will discourage
               | development which will make the real, underlying problem
               | worse.
        
             | lordnacho wrote:
             | As described by Freakonomics and general economic
             | education, this is more or less right.
             | 
             | However keep in mind there's two kinds of rent. You can
             | rent a house, or you can rent money and buy a house.
             | 
             | Historically and across countries there's been some
             | willingness to restrict mortgage LTVs and interest-to-
             | income ratios. At least in some European countries the
             | interest ratio depends on a fixed interest rate (eg 5%)
             | rather than the current interest rate.
             | 
             | We can create and destroy money more easily than we can
             | create and destroy homes, maybe that's a worthwhile lever
             | to try.
        
         | alex_sf wrote:
         | Millenial homeownership is almost at 50% this year. The people
         | priced out are the loudest, but it's not overwhelmingly common
         | in most parts of the US.
        
           | Miner49er wrote:
           | That's still way lower then older generations.
        
             | admax88qqq wrote:
             | Older generations consumed resources at far higher than
             | sustainable rates. I don't think older generations is an
             | acceptable benchmark.
        
             | ac29 wrote:
             | Of course it is, Millennials are as young as 25 this year.
             | Its doubtful many can afford a house just a few years out
             | of college (and even more doubtful if they didnt go to
             | college). Even those that can may not be ready to settle
             | down and commit to such a large purchase.
        
               | Miner49er wrote:
               | Yeah, but it's still also lower then it was for the older
               | generations when they were at the same age.
        
               | djrogers wrote:
               | citation?
        
               | Miner49er wrote:
               | https://www.apartmentlist.com/research/homeownership-by-
               | gene...
        
             | itake wrote:
             | I don't know if this is a problem? I am perfectly happy
             | focusing on my career and my hobbies and not worrying about
             | home repairs, insurance, taxes, natural disasters, etc.
             | 
             | It is more financially and emotionally rewarding for me to
             | prep leetcode, solve software problems, etc. than it is to
             | deal with home renovations, plumbing repair, etc. on a
             | home.
             | 
             | Plus the flexibility of location is huge. I can follow the
             | job market much easier if I am not locked into an address.
        
               | gtaylor wrote:
               | Not everyone has the same goals or mobility as you. What
               | you described is especially tough for families with kids.
        
           | refurb wrote:
           | Indeed. Canadian home ownership is a decades long high yet
           | housing affordability is a hot topic.
        
           | Doches wrote:
           | It's not so much that they're the loudest as it is that the
           | other 50% of us are busy living in affordable parts of the
           | country and getting on with our lives.
        
         | tempfs wrote:
         | 1. Residential homes are no longer allowed to be 'investment
         | properties' aka every person(or married couple) can own exactly
         | one house. Corporate entities except for Banks(even then can
         | only own it for the time it takes to sell it in the case of
         | foreclosure) can't either.
         | 
         | 2. Only actual Americans can own property in America. Single-
         | fam, multi-fam, land,etc. doesn't matter.
         | 
         | Exactly no one needs to rent houses if mulit-fam exists and
         | actual houses aren't speculative instruments or places where
         | foreign nationals hide their money.
        
           | jakemoshenko wrote:
           | Where do you expect rental housing stock to come from in this
           | scenario?
        
           | JamesBarney wrote:
           | 1. Just bans people from renting houses to other people. This
           | reduces the supply of rentable houses to 0. Reduces the
           | supply of rentable stock in general. And very slightly
           | marginally reduces the price of houses.
           | 
           | 2. Can corporations still own commercial property? And can
           | foreigners own corporations ?
        
           | simonsarris wrote:
           | Doesn't that sound insane from a mile away? By the time you
           | are done making exceptions, you'll have infinity carve outs.
           | This is not a solution so much as a way to squish the problem
           | into a different, weirder shape.
           | 
           | 1. Everyone is forced to sell their lakehouses, cabins, ADUs?
           | Detached mother-in-laws? (wtf is "Exactly one house?")
           | 
           | No one is ever able to rent a single family home ever again?
           | Right now 14.5 million households / 44 million residents rent
           | single-family homes in the United States. They're... out of
           | luck? On the street? Gotta save for a down payment? If those
           | houses are force-sold, don't you think people-other-than-the-
           | current-inhabitants will come in and buy them?
           | 
           | Actually, can anyone ever rent ever again? Or is it a buy-vs-
           | homeless dichotomy here? Or do towns have to become miniature
           | companies and play landlord? Or states?
           | 
           | 2. Timber companies are forced to give up their land,
           | bankrupting all of them and driving the cost of wood sky
           | high. Mobile home land must now be sold, except no one can
           | buy it. Farms except for sole proprietors are forced to give
           | up their land (sorry partnerships, amish, people with
           | discontiguous lots, and everyone who wants to eat this year,
           | you're out of luck)
           | 
           | IMO you should focus on laws that let people build more (eg,
           | ADUs, duplexing) rather than getting out the stick and hoping
           | there won't be huge side effects.
        
             | toiletfuneral wrote:
             | We already have waaaaaay more empty houses than homeless
             | people, so that seems like kind of a huge side effect from
             | speculation / investment that is terrible for normal
             | people.
             | 
             | Can someone answer why any developer would ever create low
             | income housing when margins on luxury condos / McMansions
             | are so high?
             | 
             | Neoliberal capitalism is totally failing at efficiently
             | providing housing to anyone other than the rich, but sure,
             | lets just keep sucking up to developers
        
           | swiley wrote:
           | There are good reasons to be a renter, it's hard enough
           | getting an apartment in the time between accepting a job
           | offer and your start date, I couldn't imagine hunting for a
           | house/condo in that time.
        
           | leetcrew wrote:
           | > Exactly no one needs to rent houses if mulit-fam exists and
           | actual houses aren't speculative instruments or places where
           | foreign nationals hide their money.
           | 
           | okay, but what if I have (an opportunity for) positive
           | cashflow, minimal savings, and want to move away from my
           | parents' house? does it just suck to be me or what?
        
           | ch4s3 wrote:
           | Who builds new homes if builders can't own them pre-sale? I
           | imagine you have a carve out for that, but who qualifies as a
           | builder?
           | 
           | What about people who want to live in cities? How do they
           | come together to build say a small condo building? Do we only
           | allow co-ops? How is that financed?
           | 
           | When you say "Americans", do you only mean citizens or
           | permanent residents? Where do temporary residents live?
           | 
           | How do people move to new cities/states? Where will the new
           | housing come from?
        
           | lastofthemojito wrote:
           | Even "simple" solutions like those you've proposed so often
           | wind up having unintended consequences.
           | 
           | For your first proposal, I wonder about folks buying a house
           | through an LLC or trust as folks often do to protect their
           | privacy. Are we banning that? I also wonder about inheritance
           | - if I own a house and my parents die, leaving me their
           | house, how long do I have to sell one to be "in compliance?".
           | Maybe their house needs work and I'd like to spend a few
           | months or a year fixing it up to maximize what it'll sell
           | for. Is that ok? And speaking of timing - I remember during
           | the wave of foreclosures after the last housing bubble, banks
           | kept a lot of houses off the market for a while to moderate
           | prices, rather than listing everything at once and panicking
           | the market further. Seems like banks ought to have some
           | leeway to maximize their return (e.g. if a house has a pool
           | and is foreclosed on in the late fall, maybe they judge that
           | waiting until spring would get a better response from
           | buyers).
        
         | bserge wrote:
         | That's gonna happen anyway, so as the millennials said, YOLO.
        
         | mistrial9 wrote:
         | California "small house" duplexes are being built at this
         | moment, by the thousands.. maybe permits, maybe not.. just
         | saying what I see
        
       | MrFlibbles wrote:
       | Affordability is limited by lending requirements.
       | 
       | Start with home price of $250k for example. If you can manage a
       | 5% down payment (arguable) then the loan is for $237.5k.
       | 
       | With a 30 year loan at 3.5%, the principal and interest is
       | $1,066.48 per month. Gross this up by 0.7 for taxes and insurance
       | to get $1,523.54/month.
       | 
       | Lenders will typically allow your payment to be as much as 28.0%
       | of your gross income. This get us to income of $5,441.23/month or
       | $65,294.76/year.
       | 
       | The multiple now if $65.3k income to $250.0k of house or roughly
       | 3.83X.
        
         | zzleeper wrote:
         | I just got a 15yr fixed rate at 2% (!) which made me think a
         | lot about what's behind your comment. In particular, what will
         | happen once rates go back up:
         | 
         | 1) Right now we are at zero short term rates, and moreover
         | mortgage rates are propped due to Fed purchases of Agency MBS
         | 
         | 2) Say rates go up 2% (not crazy) in parallel. So now your 3.5%
         | becomes 5.5% which is still historically moderate. However, the
         | 5441 required monthly income from your formula is now 6877! 26%
         | increase.
         | 
         | 3) What then? Prices go down?
        
           | lbotos wrote:
           | House price is inversely correlated to interest rates BECAUSE
           | most buyers are getting a mortgage. So the price of the house
           | "will drop" (hard and fast estimate here not a law) if
           | interest rates rise because people are paying for
           | house+interest = total_cost_able_to_pay.
           | 
           | I watched this play out in real time as I purchased my home.
           | Rates dropped, prices went up to fill the gap. Owner got a
           | bit more money vs the bank instead.
           | 
           | Basically I gave my money to a different person, but the "all
           | in" was about the same.
        
           | kipchak wrote:
           | Regarding 3 I would figure either prices would have to come
           | down, financial assistance comes from somewhere, or the house
           | winds up being rented after being purchased by a management
           | group.
        
       | steveBK123 wrote:
       | Probably need a 3rd time series that takes interest rates into
       | account to provide a monthly-cost view.
       | 
       | Given sufficient savings, the price range for home shoppers is
       | controlled by the monthly outlay which is driven by interest
       | rates.
       | 
       | Sub-3% interest rates in 2021 means that the same monthly cost
       | drives the headline house price a lot higher than 6%+ pre-2008.
        
       | dpierce9 wrote:
       | Pay is not gaussian so comparing median salary to average home
       | price is confused (average salary is 45% more than median salary
       | in the US with wide regional variation). Case Schiller also only
       | looks at single family housing stock so it won't capture anything
       | higher density (apartment like condos, duplexes, etc).
        
       | game_the0ry wrote:
       | A more relevant metric to consider - monthly mortgage payment to
       | monthly income ratio.
       | 
       | Average interest rates in 2007 were 6.34% vs ~2.80% today. [1]
       | 
       | * 6.34% / $2,000 monthly payment / 20% down (~$65k) >> $328,319
       | price of home
       | 
       | * 2.80% / $2,000 monthly payment / 20% down (~$98k) >> $489,794
       | price of home
       | 
       | Homebuyers will make purchasing decision based on their monthly
       | mortgage payments, instead of the home price.
       | 
       | When interest rates fall, the home's price goes up but the
       | monthly payment can stay the same. Therefore, increases in home
       | (and other asset, since lower bowering costs can drive
       | institutional investment in assets higher and non-linearly)
       | prices can be driven higher without any change in supply / demand
       | dynamics.
       | 
       | Some hypotheticals to consider:
       | 
       | * as rates approach and touch 0, what will drive up home prices
       | then?
       | 
       | * what happens when rates go up?
       | 
       | [1] http://www.freddiemac.com/pmms/pmms30.html
        
         | fcsp wrote:
         | This is something that has been keeping me wondering for years.
         | Since the financial crisis the European Central Bank has
         | basically fixed base rate at negative (since 2012), leaving the
         | market flooded with desperate investment money (due to all old
         | school investment options becoming a negative) Now also of
         | course since it's "cheap" the real estate prices have almost
         | doubled in that timespan, having previously hovered around the
         | same mark for the ten years before that.
         | 
         | What I wonder is - is there any way out of this curse of growth
         | with all the money spent into those inflated prices at this
         | point that does not mean complete economic collapse?
        
           | moonchrome wrote:
           | Japan like stagflation ?
        
         | somehnacct3757 wrote:
         | If you focus on mortgage payment instead of home price, you
         | also need to take mortgage term length into account for a
         | generational study. 30 year mortgages only came about in the
         | 1950's. Before then the choices were typically 15 and 20 years.
        
         | kimburgess wrote:
         | While this is accurate, a more concerning secondary impact is
         | the increased deposit. In Australia specifically, house prices
         | are soaring. The most in-demand markets increases are currently
         | ~$1200 _per day_ [1]. For many people their home is a more
         | 'productive' than they are, greatly outpacing their own earning
         | potential. Those who already have wealth can buy in, or
         | continue to buy in and leverage themselves into the market as
         | it skyrockets. Anyone not in this position is left to watch as
         | the ladder disappears into the clouds.
         | 
         | Shelter has changed from a base need to a commodity that's
         | traded in a rigged system and the societal implications of this
         | are frankly terrifying.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-08-26/fact-check-are-
         | house-...
        
           | quantumBerry wrote:
           | Raw land is cheap. Housing codes are what keep people like
           | myself out of the housing market. If I could just dump a yurt
           | on the land, or a cabin like our forefathers, then housing
           | prices would be a total non issue. But a bunch of selfish
           | NIMBYs are so scared of the poors building a yurt instead of
           | a 2000 sq ft brick house for two people and a dog, they'll
           | never allow it.
        
             | travoc wrote:
             | There are plenty of trailer parks all over the country that
             | will let you plop your yurt down and even plumb it in to
             | local utilities. You may not enjoy your neighbors very
             | much.
        
               | game_the0ry wrote:
               | Increasingly those trailer parks are being bought by
               | private equity and institutional investors.
        
         | spaetzleesser wrote:
         | That assumes that people want to stay in debt forever. Decades
         | ago you could quickly pay off your house but this is much
         | harder now.
         | 
         | Replacing affordable price and decent wages with cheap credit
         | makes banks and companies happy but is a very bad deal for the
         | little guy.
        
         | nly wrote:
         | Interest rates are irrelevant when you can only borrow 4.5x
         | income but home prices are at 8-9x
         | 
         | Interest rates are irrelevant when you need 20% down and it
         | will take you a decade to save that up while renting, because
         | of said multiple.
        
           | llbeansandrice wrote:
           | Why do people think you need 20% down? You don't need 20%
           | down on a mortgage. There are first-time home buyer loans
           | where you can put down as little as 0% and for conventional
           | loans you just have to buy personal mortgage insurance if
           | you're below 20% down.
           | 
           | This is such a weird home buying myth and I don't understand
           | how it sticks around.
        
         | ubermonkey wrote:
         | Yeah, this is how I bought. I looked at what sort of loan terms
         | I qualified for (very favorable), and then figured out what
         | price home resulted in a payment I was comfortable with.
         | 
         | I'm pretty debt averse, so that resulted in me buying "less"
         | house than the banks were willing to fund, but it was in the
         | area I wanted, relatively new, styled to my taste, and from a
         | reputable local builder, so from my POV I couldn't figure out
         | why I'd buy MORE house.
         | 
         | I still live there, 21 years later.
        
         | Rd6n6 wrote:
         | Regardless of the cause, I wish we could have nice trustworthy
         | graphs that start the y axis at 0
        
         | throwdecro wrote:
         | > Homebuyers will make purchasing decision based on their
         | monthly mortgage payments, instead of the home price.
         | 
         | Which is crazy, right? People max out their "borrowing power"
         | at low interest rates and take on huge loans, without
         | considering that the declining interest rates that fueled past
         | appreciation don't have much room left to move down, and that
         | they'll be underwater on that huge loan if interest rates go
         | up* and the value of the property declines.
         | 
         | *EDIT: To be clear, I mean interest rates on _new_ loans being
         | higher than they were before, not that the loan is variable-
         | rate.
        
           | jbay808 wrote:
           | This is a way bigger problem in Canada, where fixed term
           | mortgages are unavailable (and where price to income ratio is
           | even more absurd than in the US).
        
             | heavyset_go wrote:
             | If anyone in the US thinks "housing costs can't keep
             | rising, the market will correct itself", then just look at
             | Canada. The average sale price of a home in the US is
             | roughly $375k. In Canada, it is about $700k, and property
             | values continue to rise.
        
           | nostrademons wrote:
           | As long as most people in the U.S. buy houses with 30-year
           | fixed mortgages, the total cost of a house will be 30 * 12 *
           | monthly mortgage payment. When interest rates are low but
           | home prices are high, they don't pay any more over the life
           | of the loan. (Someone who buys when rates are high but prices
           | are low does have the option to refinance, though, which is
           | not available to someone who buys when prices are high.) The
           | change in interest rates effectively shifts which portion of
           | the buyer's income goes to the lender vs. the seller.
           | 
           | This is similar to how increases in local incomes are
           | actually captured by landlords rather than workers. If
           | housing is scarce and people need it to live, owners of that
           | housing have the bargaining power to raise prices to capture
           | available income.
        
           | pjerem wrote:
           | I don't know how it works in US but can't you just opt for
           | fixed interest rates ?
        
             | mandelbrotwurst wrote:
             | Yes, most people do, it's just that increases in rates have
             | a tendency to cause decreases in homes values because a
             | larger proportion of monthly payments will now have to go
             | towards paying the interest.
        
             | lolpython wrote:
             | Yeah, you can. A random example I found from Rocket
             | Mortgage is a 3.25% fixed interest rate for a $200,000
             | house.
             | 
             | https://www.rocketmortgage.com/learn/30-year-fixed-
             | mortgage-...
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | roland35 wrote:
             | The standard mortgage in the US is a fixed rate 30 year
             | mortgage. You can get lower rates for 10, 15, or 20 year
             | mortgages. Also generally you pay an extra fee (PMI)
             | monthly if you put less than 20% down. Adjustable rate
             | loans and interest-only loans are still available but those
             | are really not a good option unless you are not planning on
             | staying in the home long.
             | 
             | There are some other options out there for veterans or
             | first time buyers, but those are the normal options.
        
             | thaumasiotes wrote:
             | Yes, you can, but it doesn't address the problem mentioned
             | above.
             | 
             | >> the declining interest rates that fueled past
             | appreciation don't have much room left to move down, and
             | that they'll be underwater on that huge loan if interest
             | rates go up* and the value of the property declines.
             | 
             | The price you can charge for something is related to how
             | much other people can pay for it. If houses are usually
             | bought with loans (which they are), then the availability
             | of loan funding is a major influence on the price of a
             | house. When funding is plentiful -- another way to say this
             | is that interest rates are low -- the price of a house will
             | be high. When funding is hard to find -- or interest rates
             | are high -- the price of a house must drop to compensate
             | for that.
        
               | nostrademons wrote:
               | In practice, when interest rates went sky high in 1980
               | the price of home didn't actually drop very much.
               | Instead, liquidity dried up. Nobody bought homes; nobody
               | sold homes. The few people who _had_ to sell their homes
               | got screwed, but in general people rarely _have to_ sell
               | their homes unless they get transferred to a new office
               | and don 't have enough to buy a house there in cash
               | (which is very attractive when interest rates are high;
               | when borrowed money is expensive, houses get cheap to
               | match what you can borrow, and if you happen to have
               | money, you just don't borrow and take advantage of the
               | cheap prices to pay cash).
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | > Which is crazy, right?
           | 
           | No, because this is not accurate:
           | 
           | > Homebuyers will make purchasing decision based on their
           | monthly mortgage payments, instead of the home price.
           | 
           | Homebuyers make their purchasing decisions based on the
           | options available to them. They are not paying $x because
           | they can afford $x+1, they are paying $x because that is how
           | much they are willing to spend on that specific house in that
           | specific location. The latter portion of that statement is
           | important because implicit in it is the competitive nature of
           | humans, and so it manifests as people competing to purchase
           | land and being _willing_ to pay as much as they can afford in
           | exchange for the utility from that specific house in that
           | specific location.
           | 
           | That utility can be in the form of access to income
           | opportunities to lower future volatility of income, access to
           | other people of similar or higher income so your kids can go
           | to school with their kids, access to airports, downtowns,
           | outdoor recreation, etc.
           | 
           | If you are projecting increased demand during your entire
           | lifetime for the piece of land you are purchasing, then it
           | makes sense to pay as much as you can afford, as it will only
           | get more expensive. If you are projecting a receding economy
           | and/or decreased demand for the land you are buying, then it
           | does not make sense to pay as much as you can afford, but
           | rather scale it to some measure of what utility you will get
           | out of it.
        
             | barneysversion wrote:
             | > If you are projecting a receding economy and/or decreased
             | demand for the land you are buying, then it does not make
             | sense to pay as much as you can afford...
             | 
             | I think this is the above commenter's concern; homebuyers
             | are not adequately pricing the risk of rising interest
             | rates. If interest rates go up, demand falls and you're
             | left in a highly leveraged position that amplifies your
             | losses. Monthly mortgage payments don't make the leverage
             | apparent. Sticker price does.
        
               | jbjbjbjb wrote:
               | But if you go one move deeper central bankers will factor
               | the high leverage in and therefore won't increase rates.
        
       | hammock wrote:
       | I have in my head the rule of thumb that you can afford a house
       | 3x your annual income (or a mortgage 28% of your monthly[1]).
       | 
       | I don't see the line crossing 3 anywhere on that chart.
       | 
       | [1]Which translates to 4.2 on a 80/20 loan
        
         | jobigoud wrote:
         | > I don't see the line crossing 3 anywhere on that chart.
         | 
         | The chart is for the average house, but the median income.
         | Maybe the higher income are skewing the distribution of house
         | prices.
        
       | vessenes wrote:
       | These charts are not very useful without taking interest rates
       | and inflation into account; in fact you could almost use them to
       | discuss interest rates and inflation, they are so intimately tied
       | to housing prices and income.
       | 
       | If housing interest rates stay low or drop, prices will keep
       | rising. Absent wage inflation that ratio will go up.
       | 
       | If inflation flows through to wages as it seems to be in process
       | of doing, the ratio will stabilize or drop.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | gp wrote:
       | While it doesn't directly affect the average person's purchasing
       | power, the same dramatic increase is happening in other asset
       | values as well. [0] One interesting thing to note is that 2019 EV
       | / EBITDA values were already "high," before the coronavirus was
       | spreading.
       | 
       | I suspect these two phenomena have different causes overall, but
       | low interest rates are a common factor that cause all asset
       | prices to increase.
       | 
       | On the housing side, I suspect consumers purchase the house that
       | their cashflow can comfortably support, not necessarily the one
       | where they believe it is correctly valued, because the assumption
       | that house values only increase means purchasing a well
       | constructed house is almost never a "bad deal."
       | 
       | I'm not sure what the "solution," is, but knowing that voters
       | hate when their home values fall does not give me confidence that
       | prices will decrease in the long term.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.statista.com/statistics/953641/sandp-500-ev-
       | to-e...
        
         | useful wrote:
         | Home prices are a function of monthly costs. As much as people
         | want to compare the value of a home from year to year, in every
         | instance, I've seen values reflect to monthly spending power.
         | 
         | I would love to see some estimate that takes more into account
         | like household income, tax breaks, and interest rates. If I
         | have a interest deduction, my relative taxes are lower. If I
         | have children, my taxes are lower. If I have historic property,
         | my taxes are lower. If I have solar, my monthly bill is lower.
         | All these things make owning a home easier and allows people to
         | buy more home.
         | 
         | Education is another example, prices largely mirror federal
         | subsidized loan values. I'm not arguing that government should
         | get out of housing, people should realize that the value of
         | something is relative to the demand especially when the supply
         | is largely fixed or has linear growth.
        
           | wtvanhest wrote:
           | I agree with your comment, and just want to add that interest
           | rate changes alone can explain a lot of the appreciation.
           | 
           | If you have the exact same income and rates are at today's 3%
           | vs 2008's 6%, the payments on a $1.0MM home mortgage would be
           | $4.2K vs $6.0k. The difference between those two payments is
           | about $40k/year of gross income difference.
           | 
           | A person in 2021 with the exact same income as 2008 would be
           | paying the same for a $1.4M mortgage per month as the person
           | in 2008 at a $1.0M mortgage.
           | 
           | I don't own a home, so I'm not saying this to justify my
           | purchase, but if I just take the info in the graph, I
           | actually wonder whether there is a lot more room to go in the
           | market. I wonder if we are looking at another 20-30%
           | appreciation before the top?
           | 
           | I have no idea.
           | 
           | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MORTGAGE30US
        
           | shados wrote:
           | I don't have all of the math for all the scenarios you
           | describe, but still, overall you're completely correct.
           | 
           | If you account for inflation and interest rates, and look at
           | median home price, a home earlier this year was CHEAPER than
           | home in 2005. Roughly the same monthly payments before
           | accounting for inflation, because of the interest rates (6.X%
           | vs 2.5-2.8%ish). That alone makes a huge difference.
           | 
           | People are also becoming more financially literate. Once
           | folks are able to crunch all of the numbers on their own,
           | start calculating how much rent costs, how much money they
           | will make from asset valuation, how much they can save from
           | using HELOCs instead of credit or other types of loans,
           | they're willing to spend more, too. There's the tax
           | deductions, but that got gutted, so it's not that big
           | anymore.
           | 
           | one can say the down payment increases, but it increased
           | slower than the market did, so if you just sat on investments
           | since 2005, you can make a BIGGER down payment now than then,
           | proportionally. At current interest rates, even with PMI,
           | you're potentially better off doing a 3% + PMI than putting a
           | large down payment (unless you're expecting a market
           | apocalypse the likes of which the US has never seen).
           | 
           | We could crank up the interest rates to 10% and home values
           | would tank. It wouldn't reduce monthly home costs any though.
        
         | pfisherman wrote:
         | This jibes with my experience of buying a house about 6 months
         | ago.
         | 
         | My reasoning was that we were experiencing rapid asset
         | inflation fueled by low interest rates and COVID stimulus, and
         | our cash was losing its value relative to housing by the month.
         | I figured that this propping up of asset prices is likely to
         | continue, as any administration that lets housing / 401k values
         | collapse will get massacred in elections.
        
           | splistud wrote:
           | People are working, unemployment has been falling like a
           | stone since 2017. That money is going to go somewhere (and
           | for most that is not 'the bank'). It's going to get spent or
           | put into investments. We're going to continue to see strong
           | commodity prices (and most of these have been rising into the
           | headwind of a stronger dollar) until unemployment creeps up,
           | or real wages falls too far behind inflation rate. I think
           | the increased commodity supply that would normally rebalance
           | pricing before demand does is going to be delayed. Why?
           | Though interest rates are low, loans aren't going into
           | commodity capital projects (because risk and returns ratios
           | don't look good to lenders when compared to inflation rate?
           | not sure).
        
             | munk-a wrote:
             | I think there is an issue with that logic - it doesn't
             | account for the ever accelerating wealth inequality. People
             | are working a ton right now - and creating massive amounts
             | of value. It's so freaking easy to get consumer goods
             | delivered next day that we're all forgetting that this
             | service would likely cost fifty+ dollars in the early 90's
             | - there are similar trends across the economy.
             | 
             | The issue is that a lot of that created value is being
             | isolated out of circulation and is pooling in investors
             | that can, at a moments notice, pull the rug out of a number
             | of great companies if they sense a panic. Wealth inequality
             | creates the opportunity for instability in the form of
             | extreme sudden market rushes alongside reducing the
             | purchasing power of most folks. We're in a rough spot.
        
               | splistud wrote:
               | Very complex situation, and we likely agree on some of
               | it. I won't rehash that part. Some seldom-described (or
               | taboo) opinions: Part of the dislocation (behavior
               | inconsistent with historical macro economics 101) is
               | caused by dollars exiting the system faster than they
               | used to. Remember the graphics/vids we all saw of people
               | passing dollars around the community and the total supply
               | expands? Now, good portions of those dollars are
               | naturally shunted out of our system to where the
               | manufacturing took place. Worse, some of the money in the
               | graphics that went to Bill's hardware store disappears
               | (because Bill's store is still in town, but he has a
               | subsidiary in a foreign country and captures most of his
               | revenue there).
               | 
               | Then there's income inequality. In addition to the
               | depredations of two generations of greedy bastards, we
               | have to understand that we import (legally or not) way
               | too much unskilled/lowskilled labor, and that this has a
               | negative affect on the entire bottom half (more-or-less)
               | of the wage structure in our nation. It has a salutory
               | affect (though i think one that is smaller than some
               | imagine) on the top half, in that pressure on wages for
               | unskilled to middling skilled workers results in more
               | return on work and investment at the top of corporate
               | structures, and other fields that compete with them for
               | talent.
        
           | johntiger1 wrote:
           | Why not invest in the market then?
        
             | throw_nbvc1234 wrote:
             | Two, somewhat hypothetical questions, I'd have to answer
             | first.
             | 
             | What would happen to the if everyone suddenly agreed that
             | there was a hard-cap to how much the global economy can
             | grow; Especially if that cap was somewhat near to where we
             | are today?
             | 
             | How do you solve the core problem of "climate change"
             | (which I'll define here as the unsustainable use of natural
             | resources) without essentially implementing a hard cap of
             | the global economy. This question isn't just about
             | electricity versus oil. It's about trash, disposable (or
             | planned obsolescence) consumer goods, fish/wildlife,
             | forests, ect...
             | 
             | You could interpret the change in climate is just a single
             | symptom of this runaway train. And any effort to pull the
             | brakes is likely to cause the whole train to derail and
             | crash. Maybe we'll make it to mars before then. Or maybe
             | there will be a massive decrease in human life (war or
             | another pandemic) and this whole question will solve
             | itself.
        
             | mywittyname wrote:
             | You can do both. But housing has the benefit of high
             | leverage-to-cost ratio.
             | 
             | One can get 20% leverage at ~4% on a stock portfolio.
             | 
             | One can get 2000% leverage (5% down) at 2.9% on a house.
             | 
             | Granted, the leverage on the house requires paying interest
             | and 1/3600th of principle each month. But, unlike the stock
             | portfolio, it's not callable.
        
               | shados wrote:
               | The math for this ends up being extremely complex. The
               | leverage is one part, and a big one. You have to account
               | for closing costs (especially when selling), and
               | uncertainty around how long you'll stay. But you could
               | theoretically rent it out. But as we've seen, some cities
               | could keep an eviction moratorium going and that could be
               | costly. Housing in some areas skyrocketed in values, but
               | you could be buying a lemon since "no inspection
               | contingency" is the norm in hot markets. Taxes and HoA
               | fees can go up a fair bit too, and there's maintenance.
               | There's a few psychological factors that don't factor in
               | the math, like how you may do renovations that don't
               | translate 1:1 to home value that you wouldn't do if
               | you're renting. On the other hand, rent does go up,
               | generally faster than property taxes.
               | 
               | It's really a toss up based on a lot of variables, but
               | generally, yeah, home ownership will come up ahead. Not
               | always though. While if you invest in a total market
               | index, you're main risk is the entire country tanking,
               | it's different with a home. You're gambling on that ONE
               | PARTICULAR HOME in one particular place. That's a lot
               | riskier than an index fund.
               | 
               | But you get to make holes in the walls without anyone
               | yelling at you, and that's a big plus.
        
               | yazaddaruvala wrote:
               | What would be great are hyper-specific REITs.
               | 
               | e.g. I want to "own land" in Seattle so I'm never priced
               | out, but averaged across the city so there is no single
               | point of risk. With the added benefit that I can add
               | capital in small increments.
               | 
               | If such a REIT were structured as a COOP that would be
               | even even better from my perspective.
        
         | dpweb wrote:
         | When it's all assets going up, it's not the assets cost more,
         | it's the dollar is worth less. So for all the help and
         | assistance. Housing is LESS affordable than ever before.
         | 
         | You cannot infuse trillions of extra dollars into the economy
         | without inflation. There's no magic pill - there must be
         | consequences.
        
           | greesil wrote:
           | You can if you're in a liquidity trap. Question is, are we in
           | one now?
        
             | robocat wrote:
             | I imagine creating cash to solve a liquidity trap is like
             | continuously taking laxitives for a constipation problem...
             | At some point you get a different problem!
             | 
             | On topic: my experience of housing prices in NZ is that
             | people bid up house prices to the point that they can only
             | just afford the mortgage payments.
             | 
             | Creating more housing doesn't "fix" the problem, because
             | the more wealthy buy two or more houses, and are happy to
             | leave one empty. I've left a house vacant in a tight rental
             | market because the hassle of a tenant was not worth the
             | risks for me (possible gain was a very small percentage of
             | my income).
             | 
             | I am in New Zealand, and New Zealanders bid against each
             | other in an almost zero-sum game for the properties that
             | exist... We are borrowing from overseas to pay for it, so
             | most New Zealanders gain nothing and global finance is the
             | real financial winner.
             | 
             | Yet, politically the game is difficult to change... We have
             | a left leaning party strongly in power, and they are
             | struggling to create a more level playing field so that
             | people can afford to get a home (rather than pay rent,
             | which is more expensive than a mortgage).
             | 
             | Edit: also we can only lock in fixed interest rates for up
             | to 5 years and most people only lock in for 1 or 2 years
             | because short term rates are cheap - the 30 year mortgage
             | system is completely foreign to us.
        
               | greesil wrote:
               | Wrong liquidity.
        
           | munk-a wrote:
           | Even when the world ran on the gold standard not all value
           | was actually backed by anything - now we're not even close.
           | You can pick a stick up off the ground and whittle it into a
           | boat - you have, by doing so[1], made the dollar worth
           | slightly more since, for all the dollars in existence, there
           | are now more goods to purchase. Inflation is spurred to
           | increase over time for a variety of reasons - but asset
           | accrual is not one - in actuality all the houses people own
           | are constantly depreciating while the land they're built on
           | continues to gain value from age - they gain value from the
           | increased shortage of supply - and they gain value from the
           | constantly increasing cost of building houses (labour and
           | materials - the material increase mostly also due to labour).
           | 
           | There are some incredibly complex feedback loops in the
           | economy - especially in the housing market - but inflation
           | isn't the issue for most first home buyers. Inflation does,
           | however, hit people with savings harder - every dollar you
           | have in a savings account is slowly losing value. That,
           | however, is quite intended since savings accounts are poor
           | tools for economic growth (banks can leverage the value for
           | loans but there are more efficient investment methods - and
           | that leaves us with all our eggs in one basket which might be
           | a quite irresponsible bank that's pumping out subprime
           | mortgages).
           | 
           | 1. In a very very infinitesimally unmeasurably minor manner.
        
             | mywittyname wrote:
             | > 1. In a very very infinitesimally unmeasurably minor
             | manner.
             | 
             | Great point. And to explicit what you're alluding to: we
             | live in a world where factories around the world are
             | running 24/7 producing trillions of items with
             | infinitesimally small values relative to global wealth. But
             | none-the-less, these goods at up to real value.
        
           | throw0101a wrote:
           | Lots of money supply in Japan, and are their asset prices
           | going up?
           | 
           | * https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MYAGM2JPM189S
           | 
           | Their central rate has been <1% since 1995.
           | 
           | Stocks and equities in the US have been going up for 10+ and
           | the infusion of "trillions of extra dollars" wasn't present
           | for all of those years. Canada has had increasing home
           | prices, barely slowing down in 2008, and it hasn't had QE.
        
             | b9a2cab5 wrote:
             | Japanese asset prices would otherwise be deflating, so the
             | "infusion" has absolutely had an effect.
             | 
             | The CAD has tracked the USD pretty closely in terms of
             | value so even if there wasn't explicit QE there was
             | definitely sufficient inflation to devalue the Canadian
             | dollar.
        
             | ItsMonkk wrote:
             | Lyn covers this topic fairly well in her article on
             | Japan[0]. In short, private debt in Japan has shrunk by 300
             | trillion yen over the past 25 years. The growth of the
             | money supply is all coming from public debt.
             | 
             | It matters who gets the new money and what they spend it
             | on.
             | 
             | [0]: https://www.lynalden.com/economic-japanification/
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | blake1 wrote:
           | Do you mean fiscal policy? You absolutely can infuse
           | trillions of dollars into the economy without causing
           | inflation after the economy takes a $4T hit from a pandemic;
           | the government spending will be what prevents disastrous
           | deflation.
           | 
           | People worry about inflation, but forget how awful deflation
           | is.
           | 
           | (And on a side-rant, it's really bizarre how the
           | hyperinflation of Weimar Germany is cited as enabling the
           | rise of the Nazi party. The timing doesn't work. They came to
           | power during the depression-era deflation.)
        
             | hcurtiss wrote:
             | I've never understood how deflation could ever be a concern
             | in countries that print their own money. Can you not just
             | print your way out of it every time?
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | Political constraints around central bank policy.
               | 
               | Or really strong deflationary market expectations, for
               | whatever reason.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Not if you need to import anything, since you can inflate
               | your currency all you want, but the world will deflate it
               | relative to other currencies.
        
           | the_gastropod wrote:
           | I know this is a common belief in the hilarious world of
           | crypto enthusiasts. But, y'know, we measure inflation, and
           | what you're suggesting is just flat out not true.
           | https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/inflation-cpi
        
             | markus_zhang wrote:
             | It's more like inflation of asset prices.
        
               | the_gastropod wrote:
               | I take much less issue with _that_ assertion. That high
               | housing prices are because _the dollar_ is worth less is
               | what I find rather absurd. Inflation is measurable. And
               | you have to embrace some real quacky conspiratorial
               | thinking to go down the rabbit hole that dpweb seems to
               | have gone down.
        
               | larksimian wrote:
               | Inflation is not just about measuring prices. It is a
               | really complicated number synthesized from both price
               | signals(arguably the most objective data), surveys and
               | ... educated opinions. For instance, economists just
               | kinda have to put a number on what new technologies are
               | worth. Modern car maybe costs more dollars, but you're
               | also getting a better product type issues.
               | 
               | Inflation is based both on measurements and on judgement
               | calls by economists responsible for calculating it. It's
               | more objective than LIBOR or some crap, but (way way)
               | less objective than the price of something on the stock
               | market, or some other pure price signal.
               | 
               | 'Asset' inflation isn't even part of CPI(like stock, cost
               | of owning a house, tho rental is), is it? It's not even a
               | claim to say that the dollar is devaluing against assets,
               | it's just like tautologically what it means that asset
               | prices are booming.
        
               | the_gastropod wrote:
               | > It's not even a claim to say that the dollar is
               | devaluing against assets, it's just like tautologically
               | what it means that asset prices are booming.
               | 
               | Yep. This is true. The issue is that the OP seemed to
               | suggest that the price of assets (e.g., housing) was
               | _wholly explained_ by the devaluation of the dollar.
        
             | willcipriano wrote:
             | That's CPI, not inflation. CPI has a number of ways that a
             | thumb may be put on the scale, for example hedonic quality
             | adjustments seem to me to be highly subjective.
        
               | the_gastropod wrote:
               | Right, vs _REAL_ inflation, which is measured by whatever
               | I think happens to be too expensive right now.
        
               | quickthrower2 wrote:
               | Cheap TVs but have to rent forever, landlord caused
               | cockroach infestation to get me to leave rent control.
               | But a 720p TV is cheap!
        
               | willcipriano wrote:
               | I mostly just look at the money supply. Print 10% more
               | money, that's 10% inflation. It may not be uniform
               | throughout the economy, or take effect immediately but
               | that's 10% more money chasing the same assets. It's all
               | has to go somewhere.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | Velocity effects are extremely important.
               | 
               | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/M2V
        
               | haskellandchill wrote:
               | Money supply in theory is chasing actual economic effects
               | such as growth, so your view of just one side is not very
               | meaningful. The flaw is in considering assets static.
        
               | willcipriano wrote:
               | To some extent sure but were 2020 and 2021 boom years in
               | terms of productivity, because they were certainly boom
               | years in terms of money printing.
        
               | throw0101a wrote:
               | > _Print 10% more money, that 's 10% inflation._
               | 
               | No: If you're approved for a $100K loan, you are credited
               | with $100K balance to draw from your account, and the
               | money supply is recorded as going up by $100K.
               | 
               | But if you don't withdraw any money from the account
               | (e.g., a HELOC that you intended only for emergencies),
               | then how can it be inflationary if it's _not circulating_
               | in the economy? _But it is registered as increased money
               | supply._
        
               | noduerme wrote:
               | Do a lot of people take out loans they never use? If you
               | get a loan to buy a house, the seller gets the money
               | immediately and uses it to buy another house. You've just
               | put a whole house's worth of debt into circulation.
        
               | munk-a wrote:
               | What is the actual money supply though - if I earn 1k and
               | put it in a bank and it gets loaned out to someone else
               | is there now 2k in circulation since my money is insured?
               | 
               | Only a teensy tiny portion of "value" in the economy is
               | actually on printed bills - but even the abstract value
               | we can track won't tell the whole story.
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | One note, is that bank loans are not taken from deposits
               | anymore, that story we were told as children does not
               | reflect modern banking. There's not even "fractional
               | reserve" so much anymore, just "stress tests." So banks
               | really do own a printing press when it comes to money,
               | which is sometime called horizontal money, as opposed to
               | the "vertical" money that comes from a monetary
               | sovereign.
        
               | the_gastropod wrote:
               | This is just incorrect. Value is added to the economy
               | every day. Take the home you're living in. That probably
               | did not exist 100 years ago (and if it did, it certainly
               | wasn't as nice as it is today). That's new value, and
               | having money in circulation to correspond to that value
               | makes perfect sense.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | When a couple markets in housing are going up like crazy?
               | Sure. When essentially all asset classes or supply
               | constrained service/goods globally are going up
               | everywhere at record rates? It's hard to not see the need
               | to at least consider it. Especially after the massive
               | amount of money printing still ongoing.
        
         | helen___keller wrote:
         | > On the housing side, I suspect consumers purchase the house
         | that their cashflow can comfortably support, not necessarily
         | the one where they believe it is correctly valued, because the
         | assumption that house values only increase means purchasing a
         | well constructed house is almost never a "bad deal."
         | 
         | I'd agree with this. I think housing in my area is wildly
         | overpriced, but I still bought a 100 year old condo for a solid
         | million. Compared to renting, I got double the space, plus
         | parking, plus a private garden, plus an outdoor patio, and my
         | monthly costs went up about 25%.
        
           | galangalalgol wrote:
           | Is there a difference in the property tax there for
           | multifamily vs single family dwellings? Around here people
           | pay almost double their mortgage in property taxes for a
           | single family dwelling, but landlords have managed to get
           | much lower taxes for multifamily dwellings.
        
             | helen___keller wrote:
             | In my municipality I'm not aware of a difference between
             | multifamily vs single family, but there aren't many single
             | families anyways. Property tax is absurdly low, with a very
             | nice deduction for owner-occupied units. My effective tax
             | rate is around 0.3%
             | 
             | (Municipality: Cambridge, MA)
        
               | madars wrote:
               | Cambridge is atypical: it has tons of biotech, FAANG
               | offices, etc to tax, so the city ends up having one of
               | the lowest residential property tax rates in the state.
               | In fact, Cambridge's residential rate is almost 2x less
               | than those of each of its neighbors (Arlington, Belmont,
               | Boston, Somerville, Watertown. https://joeshimkus.com/MA-
               | Tax-Rates.aspx)
        
               | helen___keller wrote:
               | yep, and to GP's point when i was looking for housing, my
               | budget was higher in cambridge for precisely this reason
        
             | shados wrote:
             | It depends where, as cities have some level of freedom in
             | the shenanigan they implement in their tax structure.
             | 
             | Normally though, taxation is just a matter of the property
             | value. Often, cities with lower housing cost have higher
             | tax rates (because the people working the sewers aren't any
             | cheaper and they need to get paid).
             | 
             | Many cities also have owner occupant or primary residence
             | abatements, so the landlords pay more in taxes than the
             | resident owners. Some cities though split homes in one of
             | several categories, and single families may be taxed
             | differently from multi family or condos. Sometimes multi
             | family and condos are taxed less to encourage higher
             | density construction, but it wouldn't change anything if
             | you're a landlord or not (aside for the tax abatement).
             | Landlords can deduct some of their expenses from their
             | business' taxes though, and I think (don't quote me) their
             | property taxes are part of that. Your millage may vary.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | > Normally though, taxation is just a matter of the
               | property value.
               | 
               | Total tax burdens are a function of government
               | expenditures. Property tax is a rough attempt at scaling
               | the tax burden to a person's wealth, but it has many
               | caveats varying in many jurisdictions. However,
               | government debt is a big part of expenses, and each city
               | and state's debt can vary greatly than from another.
               | 
               | Here is a good website ranking the big cities and all the
               | states:
               | 
               | https://www.truthinaccounting.org/news/detail/financial-
               | stat...
               | 
               | https://www.truthinaccounting.org/news/detail/financial-
               | stat...
               | 
               | I would expect cities and states where the per taxpayer
               | debt burden is a standard deviation or more from the mean
               | to have measurably higher taxes and/or fewer government
               | services/investments.
        
         | itake wrote:
         | I suspect that dual income families could be a contributing
         | factor in increased home prices of single-family homes.
         | 
         | Even 'worse' is dual income, no kid families that are delaying
         | and skipping child costs. Thus with "double" the cash flow and
         | shared costs, couples afford higher prices at a lower cost.
        
           | alexpotato wrote:
           | I've often wondered about this myself.
           | 
           | E.g. it's a lot easier to have two working people in a couple
           | make $300K total vs only one person making $300K. It would be
           | interesting to go back in time and correlate the rise of dual
           | working couples vs housing prices adjusted for other factors
           | e.g. inflation
        
             | itake wrote:
             | At least in tech hubs, the "one person making $300k" is
             | marrying up with another person that makes $300k, resulting
             | in a $600k household and $1-3M home prices.
        
               | wombatpm wrote:
               | Which then leads to the dual income trap.
        
               | shados wrote:
               | Yup. Don't forget the whole "frequently choose not to
               | have a kid" part, and it becomes extremely one sided.
               | Dual income families aren't new, but 2 high earners
               | professionals with no kids aren't just the occasional
               | doctor/dentist/lawyer couples anymore.
               | 
               | I'm a software engineer myself in one of the high paying
               | tech hubs, and married the same. When we went to look for
               | a home and toured open houses, all you saw were pairs of
               | young couples wearing Google, Microsoft and Facebook
               | swags. Sure, I didn't personally ask every single one of
               | them where they worked, but I'd venture that a non-zero
               | amount of these couples were "Tech DINKs", like us.
               | 
               | The average person simply can't compete with that. Add
               | that in the urban areas these folks are less likely to
               | want a big car, some may be happier playing Final Fantasy
               | 14 during vacations than traveling across the world (I
               | know plenty of travelers, but there's certainly a lot of
               | "low cost" vacationers in the industry), and some level
               | of financial literacy (common for people who get
               | compensated with RSUs), and it's absolutely one sided.
               | 
               | With that said, median home prices have only increased a
               | little faster than inflation. When you account for
               | interest rates tanking + inflation, a median home in 2021
               | is the same price and sometimes cheaper than it was in
               | 2005 (data for the last few months is harder to find, and
               | there's been a unusual spike, so it may not be quite true
               | right now, but it was just a few months ago).
               | 
               | The bigger problem is that everyone wants to live in the
               | same place (usually in urban centers, where the jobs are,
               | and where you don't have to drive an hour and a half to
               | work). So prices where people want to be have increased
               | higher than median.
               | 
               | I'd expect people are more ok with paying a larger
               | portion of their income to live where they want to be.
               | Even as extremely high earner DINKs, housing will eat up
               | a good chunk of our cash flow if we feel like blowing it
               | all to live in Manhattan in a condo that doesn't suck.
        
           | mywittyname wrote:
           | The amount a household can spend on housing scales at a
           | faster rate than income. Say, a family is making $2000 a
           | month with one person working, and spending $800 on housing.
           | If another person goes to work making $2000 -- spending,
           | maybe $300 in work-related expenses, gas and such -- that
           | household now has $800 + $1700 = $2500/mo available to spend
           | on housing, while maintaining an otherwise similar standard
           | of living.
           | 
           | So doubling of income tripled the amount that could be spent
           | on housing.
           | 
           | But wait, there's more. People buy housing with debt, and a
           | doubling of the monthly payment on a mortgage more than
           | doubles the price that can be afforded. So that household
           | paying $800/mo could move from their $195k house into a $600k
           | house with a $2500/mo payment.
           | 
           | So, a doubling of income has the potential to increase the
           | amount of house a household could afford by six. Granted,
           | this ignores things like taxes, and most people don't spend
           | their entire raise on housing. But this fact is probably what
           | helped drive prices in places like California into the
           | stratosphere.
           | 
           | The crux of the problem is probably that income follows a
           | roughly pareto distribution. When housing is limited, the
           | poorest households drop out of the market. And when
           | populations grow but a town doesn't, housing gets bought by
           | people higher up in the income distribution curve. And past
           | median, incomes climb quickly.
           | 
           | If you have 30k houses, in a town with 60k people, then
           | housing will be affordable to a median income. But if the
           | population grows to 120k, but housing doesn't, then only the
           | top 75% of households can afford a house. Median income, to
           | top 75% is a huge jump.
        
           | marcusverus wrote:
           | This seems unlikely given that the share of dual income
           | households has been flat for 30 years.
           | 
           | https://www.pewresearch.org/ft_dual-income-
           | households-1960-2...
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | Seems dumb to be conditioning on married couples. My
             | parents were unmarried dual income earners. I likely will
             | end up being the same.
             | 
             | Given that long-term unmarried couples are both increasing
             | in number and (I believe) more likely to be dual income,
             | this tells the opposite picture.
        
           | brendoelfrendo wrote:
           | This is something that Elizabeth Warren and her daughter
           | Amelia covered in their book "The Two Income Trap." I'm aware
           | that recommending a book by a political figure is fraught,
           | but I'm not aware of any economists who took umbrage with the
           | claim, either. They make the observation in chapter 1 that
           | "Even as millions of mothers marched into the workforce,
           | savings declined, and not, as we will show, because families
           | were frittering away their paychecks on toys for themselves
           | or their children. Instead, families were swept up in a
           | bidding war, competing furiously with one another for their
           | most important possession: a house in a decent school
           | district."
           | 
           | Housing is a great way to establish a level of security for
           | your family and kids; but there's a finite number of houses
           | with proximity to good schools, jobs, and other necessary
           | resources, and so families needed to dedicate larger and
           | larger portions of their income to compete against other
           | dual-income families that were bringing new money to the
           | housing market.
        
             | elihu wrote:
             | > Housing is a great way to establish a level of security
             | for your family and kids; but there's a finite number of
             | houses with proximity to good schools, jobs, and other
             | necessary resources, and so families needed to dedicate
             | larger and larger portions of their income to compete
             | against other dual-income families that were bringing new
             | money to the housing market.
             | 
             | One way out of that is simply to increase the supply of
             | desirable neighborhoods. The number of those are finite,
             | but can be increased. The hard part is how to do it?
             | 
             | Sometimes I like to imagine there existing something like
             | Kickstarter but for cities. You get a few thousand people
             | that want to build a house but can't afford land, a handful
             | of employers, and maybe a University that wants to
             | establish a new branch and they pool their money and buy a
             | couple square miles in the middle of nowhere. They divide
             | it into lots and start building. Property values rise, and
             | as that happens leftover lots get sold to finance
             | construction of infrastructure, schools, fire departments,
             | and so on.
        
             | shados wrote:
             | I've thought about this a lot, though if you google around
             | you'll find people who dispute this claim. Still, it makes
             | sense to me.
             | 
             | If you have single income households, and all of a sudden
             | everyone's a double income households, you're not any
             | better off. You'll get inflation, especially in housing.
             | People will point out that stay at home moms weren't THAT
             | pervasive, even decades ago (not as pervasive as us
             | younglins would think), and that may be correct, but double
             | professionals as a common thing is still more recent. We're
             | making some (slow) progress toward wage equity on top of
             | all of it too. That's a good thing, but it doesn't change
             | much when people are bidding against each other.
             | 
             | But all things are not equal: It's not as simple as "back
             | then it was 1 income families against 1 income families and
             | now its 2 vs 2".
             | 
             | Not at all! Now you have 1 income families, 2 income
             | families, 2 income families with no kids, 2 income families
             | where both are software engineers, etc. All of these always
             | existed in some form, but now it's very visible.
             | 
             | If my partner and I (we're DINKs, both in software
             | engineering and highly successful) go to bid on a home, and
             | a single working parent with a partner who stay at home,
             | and 3 kids, try to outbid us... Well, let's hope for them
             | that the single earner is a world famous neurosurgeon, else
             | they're not getting that home.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | > If you have single income households, and all of a
               | sudden everyone's a double income households, you're not
               | any better off. You'll get inflation, especially in
               | housing.
               | 
               | ?? The growth in output would offset the increase in
               | dollars bidding for the same goods - ie. more people
               | working would mean more supply and also more $$ bidding
               | for goods.
               | 
               | Seems absurd to say "you're not any better off."
        
               | fancifalmanima wrote:
               | I'm not going to say that the larger number of women
               | entering the work force has had no effect on home prices,
               | however even if it did it's not necessarily a net
               | negative. A larger workforce leads to more economic
               | output, more innovation (there are countless innovations
               | that have probably failed to be made over the generations
               | due to the impact of women not working) that leads to
               | quality of life improvements, productivity improvements,
               | price drops, and other improvements. Food as a percentage
               | of income has dropped dramatically over the years. Same
               | with technologies like computers and home appliances.
               | Houses are also way bigger than they were decades ago.
               | 
               | I live in a 2 income house with a kid, I'm not sure that
               | the alternative (considering the economy as a whole and
               | not just home prices) is actually preferable.
               | 
               | It's also probably pretty difficult to disentangle the
               | effect on home prices from more women working from the
               | effect on home prices from other things like low interest
               | rates. There's likely not a single cause for this, but
               | rather an outcome of some aggregate of causes. It's
               | entirely possible that more women working does increase
               | home prices some, but that it's only some fraction of the
               | overall increase we've seen, and that families come out
               | ahead on this economically by a wide margin. Especially
               | taking into account the aggregate effect a larger labor
               | force has on output and productivity.
        
               | shados wrote:
               | It's definitely not a negative and I'd pick a fight if I
               | met someone face to face who said it was. I 100% agree
               | with all of the benefits you outlined, and totally
               | believe it's worth it.
               | 
               | I'd also not focus too much on the "women entering the
               | work force", because that's only one part of it, and not
               | even the biggest part. More families not having kids,
               | fewer families supporting their parents, more complex
               | family structures in general, etc all impact it.
               | 
               | I also don't think it has a significant impact on home
               | price. After all, when accounting for inflation and
               | interest rates, home price is not up by that much.
               | Depending which periods you compare it to, it may even
               | have gone down.
               | 
               | What it changes, is the dynamics of bidding wars in low
               | supply areas, which is a lot more specific, and is
               | generally what people talk about on social medias. The
               | whole "Omg this home went 100k over asking!" shock
               | factor. Again, adjusted home prices didn't go up that
               | much at the median. It's specific homes in specific areas
               | that are skyrocketing.
               | 
               | There's not many alternatives beyond increasing supply. I
               | always like to contrast it with raising the level cap in
               | an MMORPG. Everyone who quickly maxes their level after
               | an update is back to square 1, all being the same. But
               | the person who just started playing is at a huge
               | disadvantage. It may be specific, but for readers
               | familiar with Final Fantasy 14, if you start the game
               | fresh today, you're in for hundreds of hours of catching
               | up...It's very similar to the economic situation we're
               | discussing.
        
       | xnx wrote:
       | I appreciate this effort since this gets closer than reporting on
       | house prices alone. As other's have pointed out there are a lot
       | of significant factors being left out (e.g. interest rates). One
       | of my favorite analysis is the historical chart on how many hours
       | you had to work for an hour of artificial (candle, lamp,
       | electric, etc.) light. I'd love to see this applied to housing,
       | though housing is extra difficult because the quality has also
       | changed immensely (indoor plumbing, electricity, etc.).
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | >As other's have pointed out there are a lot of significant
         | factors being left out (e.g. interest rates).
         | 
         | >though housing is extra difficult because the quality has also
         | changed immensely (indoor plumbing, electricity, etc.).
         | 
         | This blog goes over both those points.
         | https://awealthofcommonsense.com/2021/03/what-if-housing-pri...
         | 
         | tl;dr:
         | 
         | 1. inflation adjusted mortgage payments are actually down
         | 
         | 2. houses have gotten much better since a few decades ago.
        
           | xnx wrote:
           | Great analysis! Thank for sharing that link.
           | 
           | > 2. houses have gotten much better since a few decades ago.
           | 
           | I'm sometimes reminded of this when I see old footage of
           | shows like "Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous". Many mansions
           | from the 1980's kind of look like dumps.
        
       | AndrewDucker wrote:
       | Copying a link from a mysteriously dead comment below:
       | https://www.corelogic.com/intelligence/comparing-two-home-pr...
       | 
       | You _have_ to take interest rates into account. The amount you
       | pay, monthly, for a mortgage of the same size is very different
       | at different interest levels.
       | 
       | What people care about is their monthly mortgage payment - that's
       | what makes a home affordable or not.
       | 
       | (Which isn't to discount that downpayments are a percentage of
       | home cost, and that's pricing people out of being able to buy
       | anything at all, even something they can easily make repayments
       | on.)
        
         | zargon wrote:
         | Does this mean that when interest rates go up, home values may
         | drop, leaving people underwater?
        
           | AndrewDucker wrote:
           | Absolutely.
           | 
           | Although it's more likely that they'll just remain stagnant,
           | which would be just fine.
        
             | nwiswell wrote:
             | People being underwater happens to mean that the banks have
             | bad loans. We have seen that movie before.
             | 
             | Interest rates will not be allowed to increase faster than
             | the property market can absorb. You can count on that; the
             | political imperative could not be more clear. The next
             | crisis will probably be some novel flavor of financial
             | recklessness.
        
               | KingMachiavelli wrote:
               | Exactly and the market is confident the the government
               | would intervene to prevent another housing market
               | collapse which just compounds the effect further.
        
       | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
       | One thing this ignores is interest rates and availability of
       | credit.
       | 
       | The biggest determinant of homes people buy is not the total
       | price, but rather how much cash do they need for down payment,
       | and what will the monthly payment be.
       | 
       | With low interest rates and increased credit availability ( you
       | don't need 20% down payment in many cases now), people on the
       | same income are actually able to buy a more expensive home.
       | 
       | I think looking at monthly mortgage payments to income ratio over
       | the long term might actually be more informative.
        
         | leetcrew wrote:
         | > The biggest determinant of homes people buy is not the total
         | price, but rather how much cash do they need for down payment,
         | and what will the monthly payment be.
         | 
         | I agree this is mostly how people decide, but it's not
         | necessarily a good idea. buying a very expensive home at
         | historically low interest rates is a significant risk. there's
         | a good chance you get upside-down on that loan over a 15-30
         | year period. better hope you don't get divorced, lose your job,
         | or need to relocate during that period.
        
         | rektide wrote:
         | Agreed. As much as any other factor, that anyone with a bit of
         | money can now buy an expensive house feels like the thing
         | making the housing prices go up. (As well as our general
         | inability to build.)
        
       | bogomipz wrote:
       | Can anyone explain what the cause of the steep cliff drop in the
       | first graph that occurred between 1953 and 1959 might have been?
       | Would this be the postwar suburban building boom driving down
       | prices? Something else?
        
       | Jerry2 wrote:
       | RIP American Dream.
        
       | jdavis703 wrote:
       | I wouldn't say we're in a bubble, even though the numbers look
       | like the last bubble. At least in my local market there's a small
       | number of home sales being distorted by a handful of people at
       | the top of the income distribution.
       | 
       | What we're seeing is a lack of housing, not middle class people
       | buying up housing they can't afford.
        
       | lastofthemojito wrote:
       | I've heard 3x income as a rule of thumb for how much house one
       | can afford, but it looks like that's never been widely followed.
       | It also doesn't make a whole heck of a lot of sense as interest
       | rates have varied so widely - a better rule of thumb might be a
       | ratio between the total amount of payments over the life of a
       | mortgage and one's income.
        
         | Glyptodon wrote:
         | 3x income for your debt load or for the overall home cost?
         | Either way it seems like it wouldn't really directly translate
         | to a % of income as monthly payment.
        
         | zzleeper wrote:
         | Agree. From experience, people look into how much they would
         | pay monthly and their income.
         | 
         | This then begs the question: what will happen once rates go up
         | even a bit, and houses suddenly require a 50% larger monthly
         | payment.
        
           | throwaway6734 wrote:
           | Most mortgages haves fixed rates
        
             | zzleeper wrote:
             | Of course. But buyers still need to be able to afford
             | houses they purchase. With higher rates that might not be
             | true.
        
               | rozap wrote:
               | Does it matter? From an individual's perspective, if you
               | can make the monthly payment then all is well. Sure, the
               | market may tank but all that does is effect your ability
               | to move.
        
             | pureliquidhw wrote:
             | New mortgages will need that extra 50% driving home values
             | down due to future homebuyers having less "monthly"
             | purchasing power.
        
             | wheelinsupial wrote:
             | Over what time period? I think I'm America you can get a 30
             | year fixed rate mortgage. In Canada, 5 years is the most
             | you can get even if the amortization period is 25-30 years.
        
               | throwaway6734 wrote:
               | In the US, 10, 15, 20, or 30 years in my experience
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | rootusrootus wrote:
         | IMO the ratio depends entirely on your age. It makes a lot of
         | sense for someone in their 20s to go for a 4x ratio (with
         | caveats, such as fixed mortgage rates). It makes no sense at
         | all for someone in their 60s.
        
         | clipradiowallet wrote:
         | The 3x income rule is usually mentioned by your loan officer,
         | and your real estate agent. They will present you with houses
         | costing 3x your income as a baseline of what you can afford.
        
           | Fire-Dragon-DoL wrote:
           | That's funny, you need to earn 250000/year to be able to
           | afford _something_ in Vancouver by following that rule.
        
             | __turbobrew__ wrote:
             | or 600000/year for a starter home
        
         | dbetteridge wrote:
         | That rule does not work in Australia, Canada or the UK :D
         | 
         | Median salary is about 80k AUD in Western Australia. Median
         | house price is 840k.
         | 
         | Even with 2 full time salaries of 80k your maximum would be
         | 480k.
        
       | jonas21 wrote:
       | One thing not captured in this chart is that the average house
       | size in the U.S. has nearly tripled since the 1950's.
        
         | nostromo wrote:
         | Not only are the houses much bigger but families are also much
         | smaller.
         | 
         | It also ignores interest rates. Unless you're paying cash, the
         | price of a home doesn't really matter -- what matters is your
         | monthly payment. If you bought a house in the 80s, a huge chunk
         | of change every month went to bankers, not to principle. So the
         | fact that you got a "cheap" house doesn't really matter,
         | because you were still paying an arm-and-a-leg for it.
        
       | autoliteInline wrote:
       | Did I miss the part of the article that mentioned the average
       | size of houses over time? The increasing code requirements over
       | time?
        
       | cudgy wrote:
       | " an average single family house in the United States cost more
       | than 7 times the U.S. median annual household income. "
       | 
       | Why average numerator divided by median denominator?
        
       | clipradiowallet wrote:
       | This bears repeating:
       | http://www.iedu.com/Documents/Manifesto1892.html
       | 
       | That is a link to the banker's manifesto. The ideal scenario [in
       | the manifesto] is for home prices to far eclipse yearly income,
       | and for houses to be owned by banks instead of occupants.
       | Everything old is new again...
        
       | mint2 wrote:
       | I'd be interested in seeing the total cost after accounting for
       | interest in the loans, or monthly cost compared to monthly
       | income. Most people don't pay cash, and they pay more than the
       | asking price due to interest. So high interest rate periods look
       | artificially lower because they ignore a substantial amount of
       | the price
        
         | thehappypm wrote:
         | Very true. The 2008 housing bubble did not have low interest
         | rates. 30 year average was around 6%. Now it's under 3%. That
         | 3% makes a HUGE difference in purchasing power.
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | Exactly. https://awealthofcommonsense.com/wp-
         | content/uploads/2021/03/...
         | 
         | That said, it doesn't do much for down payment.
        
           | throw0101a wrote:
           | Corresponding post:
           | 
           | * https://awealthofcommonsense.com/2021/03/what-if-housing-
           | pri...
        
           | SubiculumCode wrote:
           | This is very interesting but I wonder if the housing crisis
           | is not reflected in that chart because it's an average of
           | presumably average American mortgage rates. What about
           | California mortgage rates? I'd love to see that last chart
           | restricted to California where the prices have skyrocketed.
        
             | SubiculumCode wrote:
             | https://www.corelogic.com/wp-
             | content/uploads/sites/4/2021/06...
             | 
             | Here is the same chart but for California regions
        
               | rossdavidh wrote:
               | Interesting, but that chart appears to end in 2016?
        
             | mediaman wrote:
             | Your other post is dead for some reason so I am reposting
             | the chart you posted, showing mortgage cost per month for
             | areas of California:
             | 
             | https://www.corelogic.com/wp-
             | content/uploads/sites/4/2021/06...
        
       | robterrin wrote:
       | Came here to upvote anybody who mentioned Henry George and the
       | land value tax. Can't believe I'm the first one in this thread.
       | 
       | Read Progress and Poverty, he predicted it all over 100 years
       | ago, and provided the solution.
       | https://oll.libertyfund.org/title/george-progress-and-povert...
        
         | tryptophan wrote:
         | He didn't provide a workable solution for how to value land.
         | 
         | I love George as much as anyone, but valuing land independently
         | from what is on it is very tricky. Yes, yes, i know there are a
         | bunch of suggestions for how to do this, but none of them seem
         | to work well easily in practice.
        
       | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
       | I'd love to see the same charts in terms of monthly payments on a
       | new mortgage, rather than sticker price. The price itself matters
       | in terms of downpayment, but ultra low interest rates are a huge
       | factor. Right now, interest rates are so low that a huge mortgage
       | has the same payments as a small one years ago would have been.
       | Especially when you take inflation into account.
        
         | patrickthebold wrote:
         | One thing I think people overlook is that there's a hidden cost
         | to buying at low interest rates: if rates go up that will eat
         | into your resale value, and it's less likely you can refinance
         | at a lower rate in the future.
         | 
         | If you bought at a high interest rate and then rates drop you
         | really make out, and that's less likely to happen to people
         | buying now.
        
           | cudgy wrote:
           | Also, artificial low rates are causing increased inflation of
           | prices, which means cash buyers and buyers that would pay off
           | their mortgage quicker are at a disadvantage.
        
             | milkytron wrote:
             | > artificial low rates
             | 
             | What do you mean by artificial here?
        
               | danuker wrote:
               | Rates depressed by the central bank buying everything
               | deemed "safe".
               | 
               | Very few "natural" investors (as opposed to "artificial"
               | central banks) would accept a 0.25% yearly return on
               | their capital.
               | 
               | https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/interest-rate
        
               | cudgy wrote:
               | For example, Interest rates are so low that the
               | traditional alternatives of stock investments are no
               | longer present. Traditionally, a bond would include a
               | rate that is beyond inflation. Nowadays, government bonds
               | return rates below inflation. This is artificially low
               | and creates a bubble in the stock market (and other
               | assets like real estate) since the traditional option to
               | put money in bonds has been artificially devalued.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | forrestthewoods wrote:
       | Home price isn't technically the right metric. "Mortgage payment
       | to income ratio" is. As mortgage interest rates go down home
       | values go up, but mortgage payments might now.
       | 
       | No doubt housing is expensive and getting more expensive. But
       | I've always wanted to see the mortgage payment plot too.
        
       | Rebelgecko wrote:
       | I wonder, is there a similar metric that tracks the average
       | monthly mortgage payment over time instead? I think for most
       | people's purposes that's a more relevant number and won't have
       | the confounding factor of interest rates (except to the extent
       | that interest rates influence home prices, so maybe this would
       | end up mirroring the case shiller index?)
        
       | lvl100 wrote:
       | I wonder what would happen if we stop financial institutions from
       | "investing" in residential real estate.
        
         | bequanna wrote:
         | Do you mean stop institutions from purchasing residential real
         | estate or are you referring to providing mortgage loan
         | liquidity?
        
       | LukeShu wrote:
       | NB: The Y axis of the first chart does not start at 0.
        
         | disqard wrote:
         | I missed seeing your comment (you beat me to it by 4 minutes)!
        
       | tqi wrote:
       | Given that the median household income trend is (relatively)
       | linear over time, is this ratio telling us much more than median
       | home prices alone?
        
       | RoadieRoller wrote:
       | Zillow and Open Door are manipulating the home prices in US.
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27765536 Cheap Loans,
       | surplus cash, and inventory hoarding.
        
       | marcodiego wrote:
       | Are we close to another housing bubble like in 2008?
        
         | TuringNYC wrote:
         | In the US, lending standards in 2005-2008 were openly silly and
         | terrible. Lending standards today are much stricter, though not
         | perfect.
         | 
         | I'd bet on a horizontal. (<-- PERSONAL PREDICTION HERE) The
         | government is in a bind now -- they cannot just allow a housing
         | pop because that affects the middle and upper-middle class
         | voter base. Ending ZIRP would also pop the equity bubble --
         | again bad for the wealthy and middle-class voter base.
         | 
         | The best they can do is try to contain it. We've already seen
         | the government too scared to reign in monetary policy in
         | 2009-2021 even when things were good -- so thats a good
         | indication of how scared they are to normalize things again.
         | 
         | The best they can do is allow controlled inflation, as they are
         | doing, and allowing real prices to stabalize on an inflation
         | adjusted basis.
         | 
         | Unfortunately, in all this, US fiscal and monetary policy has
         | truly punished the young.
        
         | m_ke wrote:
         | We're in an everything bubble that's about to pop. Evergrande
         | is about to take it all down.
        
           | the__alchemist wrote:
           | Are you shorting any stocks / indexes?
        
           | TameAntelope wrote:
           | How long will you and your Reddit pals keep saying this
           | before you realize how untrue it is?
           | 
           | Last prediction I heard was that everything was going to
           | crash today. Now it's next week. Next week will it be
           | November? 2022? 2024? 2030?
           | 
           | Over and over again, I see newly minted retail investors
           | discover the only hard part about investing; actually knowing
           | when things will happen. If you can't say _when_ the MOASS
           | (or whatever the  "bad thing" is this time) will actually
           | happen, it's useless to keep doomsaying about it in the
           | meantime.
        
             | m_ke wrote:
             | I don't hold a single share of public stock nor crypto and
             | have never posted on any investing forums.
             | 
             | Evergrande could end up tanking the Chinese real estate
             | market and a take bunch of banks down in the process unless
             | the CCP steps in and nationalizes it.
        
               | TameAntelope wrote:
               | It could indeed do that highly unlikely and globally
               | catastrophic thing, or it could be mitigated
               | substantially by the amount of time and resources that
               | "bunch of banks" have now that this has been going on for
               | some weeks.
               | 
               | Ever since Taleb wrote about "Black Swan events", it
               | feels like people are falling over themselves to identify
               | the next one at every opportunity, and when (through
               | random chance) some group or person gets it right, it's
               | going to be paraded about as some kind of indication of
               | their sage wisdom.
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | Now it's good time to mention that 'The Big Short' is a good
       | watch.
        
       | nullc wrote:
       | I wonder if how this can be corrected for the different timing of
       | the numerator and denominator. I assume housing prices are closer
       | to real time while median incomes are lagging by a year.
        
       | a_c wrote:
       | https://www.numbeo.com/property-investment/
       | 
       | Asian cities are way more expensive than american and european
       | ones. Home price with a multiple of 15x to annual income is
       | surely high.
       | 
       | > Price to Income Ratio is the basic measure for apartment
       | purchase affordability (lower is better). It is generally
       | calculated as the ratio of median apartment prices to median
       | familial disposable income, expressed as years of income
       | (although variations are used also elsewhere).
       | 
       | Hong Kong is having a price to income ratio of 44.69
       | https://www.numbeo.com/property-investment/country_result.js...
       | with Price per Square Meter to Buy Apartment in City Centre of
       | HK$ 253,655.52 (32k USD)
       | 
       | Side question, is the data highly sought after that the website
       | is fetching US$20 to download?
        
       | unethical_ban wrote:
       | Just throwing an idea out there: what if we abolished or heavily
       | penalized long term renting?
       | 
       | No more renting a house for years. No more apartments. If you are
       | in a long term contract, you get equity.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2021-09-20 23:00 UTC)