[HN Gopher] France recalls US and AU ambassadors over sub-deal
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       France recalls US and AU ambassadors over sub-deal
        
       Author : playeren
       Score  : 40 points
       Date   : 2021-09-18 20:16 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.economist.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.economist.com)
        
       | throwaway4good wrote:
       | If anything this story shows how powerful the military industrial
       | complexes are (in France, in the US). The threat from China is
       | speculative but the business opportunities for the military
       | industry are quite real and massive in size.
        
         | option wrote:
         | the threat from China is not speculative see their threats of
         | invading Taiwan.
         | 
         | I lived in Ukraine where up until 2014 the threat of Russia
         | taking Crimea and eastern provinces was "speculative".
        
           | throwaway4good wrote:
           | If anything it weakens the alliance against China (by
           | clouding European support) and it doesn't really matter if
           | those subs sail under Australian or US flag. This is an arms
           | deal with clumsy politics around it.
        
             | option wrote:
             | I agree, there should be a stronger Western alliance.
             | Excluding France does seem strange.
        
               | yyyk wrote:
               | If they did not exclude France, the acronym would have
               | been FAUKUS and we can't have that ;-)
        
               | giggzy2 wrote:
               | Brillant.
        
       | holografix wrote:
       | In no political expert but it seems like the choice was between
       | France: very expensive and cost overrunning, less intimidating
       | subs and no strategic cooperation. USUK: we give you superior
       | tech, you help us police China and display a clear message that
       | the US won't fight this alone.
       | 
       | The French are pissed? Je suis desole.
       | 
       | If the Chinese start pushing Aus around and we need help, the
       | French would point to the EU tying their hands while they pat
       | their pocket full of our billions.
       | 
       | This decision is not just a embarrassment for France but it's a
       | vote of no confidence on the EU's willingness to deter China.
        
       | lostlogin wrote:
       | This grated: "... This formed part of French efforts to build up
       | a geo-political presence in the Indo-Pacific and act as a global
       | player in the region in the face of an assertive China. It keeps
       | over 7,000 soldiers there, and regularly patrols through the
       | South China Sea. Nearly 2m French citizens live in the Indo-
       | Pacific, including on French territories such as French Polynesia
       | and New Caledonia."
       | 
       | The French have no care for the people of the South Pacific,
       | their vain attempts at empire continue, while their toxic and
       | deadly legacy in the region remains.
       | 
       | Careful complaining too hard about the behaviour of France
       | though, they bombed us down here in New Zealand when we did.
       | 
       | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/09/france-has-und...
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinking_of_the_Rainbow_Warri...
        
       | lokar wrote:
       | They should pay to give the subs to Taiwan. Now everyone is happy
       | except China.
        
         | enkid wrote:
         | I would love the US to step up it's arms sales to Taiwan.
        
       | throw0101a wrote:
       | Not their ambassador to the UK though:
       | 
       | > _French foreign minister says France didn 't recall the British
       | ambassador over the AUKUS row because France is familiar with the
       | UK's "permanent opportunism" and said Boris Johnson was the
       | "fifth wheel on the carriage"._
       | 
       | * https://twitter.com/kimwillsher1/status/1439294035357749257
       | 
       | :)
        
         | enkid wrote:
         | So basically they dislike the UK enough it didn't change their
         | opinion of them.
        
         | fmajid wrote:
         | BAE (f.k.a British Aerospace) said on the day of the AUKUS
         | announcement it is prepared to participate. That doesn't sound
         | like a company that has been closely involved in the
         | negotiations.
         | 
         | In all likelihood the Australians will pick US Virginia-class
         | subs off the shelf, not made in Australia and not the
         | (excellent) British Astute-class subs, because the US doesn't
         | normally let junior partners get the spoils, only crumbs. For
         | instance when the US organized the 1953 coup that overthrew the
         | Mossadegh government in Iran at the British' request, the
         | Anglo-Iranian oil company was replaced with a consortium of US
         | and European oil companies, with the British getting less than
         | the would have had if they had accepted Mossadegh's most
         | maximalist plan).
        
         | BrianHenryIE wrote:
         | The term for it:
         | 
         | > "Perfidious Albion" is a pejorative phrase used within the
         | context of international relations diplomacy to refer to acts
         | of diplomatic sleights, duplicity, treachery and hence
         | infidelity (with respect to perceived promises made to or
         | alliances formed with other nation states) by monarchs or
         | governments of the United Kingdom in their pursuit of self-
         | interest.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfidious_Albion
         | 
         | And as said in Ireland, "the Brits are at it again".
        
       | playeren wrote:
       | https://archive.vn/OxS6n
        
       | sschueller wrote:
       | Here is a comedy video showing how absurd the whole situation in
       | Australia is. https://youtu.be/MTCqXlDjx18
        
         | cblconfederate wrote:
         | This is actually a great question, for real: Why is australia
         | into this , and how do they see the US in their future ,
         | considering their advantageous position near rising china?
        
       | Gravityloss wrote:
       | These articles are so plain, they don't explain context.
       | 
       | I'm not a foreign policy expert or historian but isn't there a
       | rather recent change in foreign relations of Australia, meaning
       | their strategic needs have changed:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93China_relati...
       | 
       | Or maybe it's just posturing.
        
         | thinkingemote wrote:
         | No idea. The leader of the opposition in Australia said,
         | paraphrasing "the us couldn't win a fight with a bunch of
         | villagers with ak47 for 10 years, so it's a bad deal"
         | 
         | Australia is weird.
        
           | watertom wrote:
           | Afghanistan was a live combat training exercise. It gave
           | valuable experience to career officers who will lead the U.
           | S. Military for the next 30 years.
           | 
           | Russia and China can't deploy troops in their own country.
           | The U.S. military can land 10's of thousands of troops, with
           | a support supply line any where in the world on less than 24
           | hours notice, along with all the firepower that comes with
           | those troops.
           | 
           | To "win" in Afghanistan would require slaughtering about half
           | the population of the country, something the U.S. military
           | could easily do, but it would make the U.S. into an
           | international pariah, and that would be bad for business.
           | 
           | If the U.S. sovereignty was actually threatened all but the
           | nuclear weapons would be unleashed, including all the top
           | secret weapons that have been developed since the Gulf War,
           | it would probably seem like Star Wars.
        
             | kodah wrote:
             | > Afghanistan was a live combat training exercise. It gave
             | valuable experience to career officers who will lead the U.
             | S. Military for the next 30 years
             | 
             | I served in the Marines and we were well aware people,
             | especially those with combat experience, were leaving hand
             | over fist. Amos was commandant during my time, and this
             | article tells some of the story about what happened:
             | https://taskandpurpose.com/news/the-marines-corps-needs-
             | to-c...
        
           | bettem wrote:
           | It's a terrible deal as Australia initially had France
           | redesign a nuclear powered submarine to be Diesel Electric.
           | There was also massive negotiations and posturing from both
           | governments about building the submarines locally.
           | 
           | Fast forward a few years and the Australian Government had
           | announced one of the driving factors of this deal is nuclear
           | power rather than diesel electric. We're also building
           | [reportedly] even less of the Submarine locally now. Not to
           | mention the delivery delays this will cause & our lack of
           | servicing capability.
           | 
           | Even as an Australian I can see how this would really annoy
           | France.
        
             | contravariant wrote:
             | Is it too early at this point to wonder if there isn't some
             | kind of underhanded deal going on?
        
               | mmerlin wrote:
               | Yes. The French deal was absolutely crappy to begin.
               | 
               | Follow the money. Christopher Pyne brokered this $50Bn
               | deal to get re-elected (some boatbuilding would happen in
               | SA) which blew out to $90Bn and rising.
               | 
               | Pyne immediately retired (got his pollie-perks-for-life
               | golden ticket stamped) and then immediately became
               | "employed" as a consult with the people profiting
               | massively from this twisted deal against the public
               | interest.
               | 
               | Pyne followed the same slimy playbook as Andrew Robb who
               | sneakily slipped the 99-year Darwin Port dodgy deal
               | across the line, and then he got a free $880k "job" with
               | them the day he left parliament shortly thereafter.
               | 
               | Borderline treasonous behavior is rife with our political
               | elite (both sides stink badly)
               | 
               | https://www.macrobusiness.com.au/2018/06/chinese-sell-
               | andrew...
               | 
               | https://www.macrobusiness.com.au/2016/04/would-you-
               | employ-ch...
               | 
               | https://www.macrobusiness.com.au/2019/07/pyne-poisons-ey/
               | 
               | https://www.macrobusiness.com.au/2020/01/audit-office-
               | torped...
        
             | drevil-v2 wrote:
             | You are conflating actions of different governments over
             | decades into one singular action.
             | 
             | The world has changed a lot and if the government of the
             | day feels it needs to alter a $90 billion purchase (which
             | was initially $40 billion by the way before cost overruns)
             | to better protect their citizens then it is their right as
             | elected officials.
             | 
             | Also don't focus on the PR sideshow of the submarines, this
             | is about the alliance itself.
        
               | bettem wrote:
               | It's the same government that did the original deal.
        
             | bilbo0s wrote:
             | The actions of the US government the past few decades have
             | flat out confused me at times, so I don't really try to
             | understand them any longer. But the more and more I know
             | about the details of this particular deal, the less I
             | understand what exactly Australia is doing here?
             | 
             | I wish there was a reliable place you could go for
             | objective analysis in cases like this, but I'll have to
             | settle for simple confusion for now I guess.
        
               | bettem wrote:
               | This is just my speculation, but I wouldn't put it past
               | the Australian Prime Minister making a "Captains Call"
               | here. He's notoriously stubborn and doesn't listen to
               | experts in all circumstances he should.
        
             | thinkingemote wrote:
             | I think the point was that, apparently, the official
             | position of the Australian opposition (who should be more
             | critical of the government) was that the US couldn't fight
             | themselves out of a paper bag, rather than France was
             | better and honour should be important. Perhaps there's no
             | such thing as honour anymore?
             | 
             | But this is just my very limited European view of the news,
             | and news is something that I restrict myself on.
        
           | torstenvl wrote:
           | The U.S. won the fight handily. It's the massive project of
           | reshaping the political culture of diverse and fiercely proud
           | and tribal people that proved to beyond the capability of our
           | military (a role it was never designed or trained for).
        
             | LAC-Tech wrote:
             | Reshaping the political culture of a nation will either
             | take decades, or be extremely brutal. The public won't
             | stand for either anymore.
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | Out of interest, do you believe you the Soviet invasion of
             | Afghanistan was a win or loss for the USSR?
        
               | torstenvl wrote:
               | Apples and oranges. The topic under discussion is
               | military tech and military ability. The strategic
               | victories or blunders of civilian leadership and
               | diplomatic corps are just as important -- indeed often
               | moreso -- but they are somewhat orthogonal to military
               | strength.
               | 
               | There are only a couple ways to lose a battle, but
               | countless ways to lose a war.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | That's exactly my point - of course the former USSR and
               | current US have a more powerful military than anything
               | that exists or existed in Afghanistan.
               | 
               | It wasn't solely a military problem but both chose a
               | primarily military solution (as did the British before
               | them).
        
               | torstenvl wrote:
               | You appear to be disagreeing with my disagreement with
               | "the us couldn't win a fight with a bunch of villagers
               | with ak47 for 10 years"
               | 
               | How does your point support the original claim? You and I
               | are in agreement that fighting alone can't solve the
               | problem of Afghanistan, but I don't see how that bears
               | any relationship to judging the fighting.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | Sorry, I've completely missed your starting point
               | (despite reading them. Sigh), and as you say, I'm
               | agreeing with you.
               | 
               | I'll leave my comments unedited unless you'd like them
               | gone.
        
               | torstenvl wrote:
               | Not at all, brother, I appreciate the mutual respect and
               | engagement. Thanks for making HN a great place :-)
        
           | mc32 wrote:
           | The only way to win in a place like AF is if you become a
           | wild animal and just lay things to waste. No one could get
           | themselves to do that. Not the Persians or British or soviets
           | or Americans. No one wanted to descend to that.
        
           | LAC-Tech wrote:
           | I mean the US clearly had the military capability to "win"
           | against anything in Afghanistan. But effective occupations
           | and regime change are brutal. It's not the 1940s - the US
           | public of today would not stand for something as intensive as
           | the occupation of Germany after WW2, for example.
        
         | fmajid wrote:
         | Australia cut a huge deal to purchase 12 diesel-electric attack
         | submarines with France 5 years ago, basically taking the
         | current-generation French nuclear attack submarine and
         | replacing the nuclear power plant with a diesel one. Japan and
         | Germany were also in line. France does not sell nuclear
         | propulsion tech because of nuclear proliferation concerns. That
         | project has been running over budget and the Australians were
         | complaining the French were dragging their feet about the
         | technology transfers and establishing Australian manufacturing
         | for the subs, which was a big consideration for Australia,
         | their current obsolescent Collins-class subs being Australian-
         | made.
         | 
         | Contrary to what many people say, modern diesel submarines are
         | actually stealthier than nuclear ones, because they are smaller
         | (this would not apply to a modified nuclear attack sub, of
         | course). In 2007 a Chinese diesel sub surfaced near the USS
         | Kitty Hawk carrier, having apparently been undetected in the
         | middle of a US exercise. They do have less endurance, but that
         | is only an issue if Australia expects them to patrol far beyond
         | its borders.
         | 
         | Apparently 6 months ago Biden started a secret dialogue with
         | the Australians, offering nuclear propulsion tech to counter
         | China. The US only ever did that with the UK, not even with
         | Canada. The Australians' relationship with China has been
         | deteriorating markedly, even though it is their largest market.
         | Conversely the Chinese banned most Australian imports but not
         | iron ore, because they don't have (yet) an alternative supply
         | to feed their steel industry, although Guinea (in Africa) is a
         | potential candidate. Keep in mind Australia is largely a
         | resource extraction economy, despite being an advanced
         | industrialized nation.
         | 
         | The Australians don't have any nuclear tech, not even a
         | civilian nuclear power program, so any nuclear subs would need
         | to be fueled and serviced by the US or the UK, which means
         | Australia is effectively ceding part of its sovereignty (just
         | as the British did, because their Trident nuclear missiles are
         | 100% US-made). This is a significant development as up to now
         | the Australians wanted to preserve their autonomy.
         | 
         | What are the French upset about?
         | 
         | 1) The loss of a AU$ 90B contract, which means probably a
         | EUR30B hole in France's naval R&D that will need to be plugged
         | somehow. For a middling country like France, that is a lot of
         | money.
         | 
         | 2) France has a _significant_ presence in the Pacific, unlike
         | every other European nation, even the UK. 2M French citizen
         | live there, and 7000 military personnel. France also has the
         | largest maritime Exclusive Economic Zone in the world thanks to
         | its possessions in the Pacific, but there are separatist
         | movements in New Caledonia and Tahiti. The French-Australian
         | deal was also part of a strategic cooperation deal with
         | Australia, as the French are just as concerned about Chinese
         | incursions in the Pacific as the Australians, and it has the
         | benefit of being a deal with a peer, not as the junior partner
         | of the US superpower (although of course Australia is the
         | superpower of the Southern Pacific, but that means little
         | compared to the US or China). This strategy is all in tatters
         | now.
         | 
         | 3) The French were blindsided, learning of the AU-UK-US deal
         | from the press release, in the most humiliating way possible
         | 
         | 4) They were not invited to participate in this AUKUS military
         | alliance.
         | 
         | The consequences are severe and the US completely
         | underestimated that. In 1966 the US commander of NATO refused
         | to answer President de Gaulle's question of whether US nuclear
         | weapons were stationed in France, and in retaliation France
         | withdrew from NATO unified command (and NATO SHAPE headquarters
         | in Paris and Rocquencourt near Versailles had to be moved to
         | Belgium), and expelled US troops stationed in France.
         | 
         | France has recalled its ambassadors to the US and to Australia
         | for consultations, which is just one step short of cutting
         | diplomatic relations. To do so with the US is simply
         | extraordinary, it's only happened once before, during the
         | French revolution.
         | 
         | President Biden rightfully criticized Donald Trump for
         | attempting to contain China while burning bridges with all its
         | allies at the same time by waging sanctions against all of
         | them, but this is a blunder of the same magnitude. France was
         | the more China-skeptic of the major European powers, whereas
         | Germany basically cares only about its exports and appeases
         | China, and the UK was trying to have it both ways by becoming
         | the chief Chinese investment partner in Europe. With this
         | stunt, the US gets Australia to abandon its former policy of
         | independence from the US, but basically sets back its efforts
         | to mobilize Europe against the Chinese by at least 5 years,
        
         | benno128 wrote:
         | I found this article helpful for more context:
         | https://www.thesaturdaypaper.com.au/2021/09/18/the-submarine...
         | 
         | It's by Hugh White the former deputy-secretary of the
         | Australian Department of Defence.
        
           | ethbr0 wrote:
           | Japan, South Korea, and Australia are all the quintessential
           | middle parties in a bipolar power dynamic between the US and
           | China.
           | 
           | Historically, that's turned out pretty well for them, as
           | countries in that position can attract favorable terms from
           | both major powers, who want to court them as allies.
           | 
           | Who knows if the government of Australia is thinking in these
           | terms, but I'd be incredibly interested in what concessions
           | and non-public promises Australia got behind the scenes for
           | this.
           | 
           | And in terms of future international relationships, it does
           | demonstrate to China that Australia isn't willing to make
           | alliances solely on the basis of economic pressure. It will
           | be curious if (in the medium to long term) China holds a
           | grudge, or tries to reattract Australia with incentives.
        
             | enkid wrote:
             | China isn't very good at letting go of grudges, it seems
             | like.
        
               | fspeech wrote:
               | They are just into realpolitik. They will switch their
               | purchases from Australia to the US despite the strategic
               | rivalry because it is in their interest to increase
               | economic dependence there. They will tolerate far more
               | transgression from the US but if others follow they will
               | be sure to set an example of them.
        
             | skissane wrote:
             | > but I'd be incredibly interested in what concessions and
             | non-public promises Australia got behind the scenes for
             | this
             | 
             | The US agreeing that Australia can have nuclear submarines
             | powered by weapons-grade uranium is a huge concession in
             | itself. The US has been insisting that only nuclear weapons
             | states be allowed to possess weapons-grade uranium. They
             | are making an exception to that for Australia. Nuclear
             | submarines powered by weapons-grade uranium do not require
             | refuelling during their operational life; those powered by
             | reactor-grade uranium do.
             | 
             | And, the US has been trying to block South Korea from
             | building a nuclear submarine at all, even one powered by
             | reactor-grade uranium only. Most international suppliers of
             | enriched uranium (even only reactor-grade) sell it on the
             | condition that it is not used for military purposes. In
             | theory, South Korea could try to enrich it themselves (like
             | Brazil and Argentina are doing for their own nuclear
             | submarine programs), but in practice South Korea fears the
             | international controversy that may cause, and the risk it
             | may offend the US. South Korea has been asking the US to
             | supply reactor-grade fuel for naval use, but thus far the
             | US refuses. So even allowing Australia to have nuclear
             | submarines at all, when it blocks other allies from doing
             | so, is also a big concession.
        
         | Gustomaximus wrote:
         | Also for context some years back Australia recalled ambassadors
         | to France over nuclear testing in the pacific. So this is a bit
         | tit for tat in response.
         | 
         | Regardless I feel it's incredibly badly handled especially
         | given trade situation with China. Australia is pivoting more
         | towards other markets like EU (negotiations happening
         | currently) and I can't imagine France is going to be too
         | agreeable to this.
        
           | byroot wrote:
           | The last French nuclear test was in January 1996, so rather
           | unlikely.
        
       | yyyk wrote:
       | The sub-deal might be the trigger, but countries don't return
       | ambassadors over a sub-deal. This can't be explained without
       | underlying tensions.
       | 
       | One big cause might perhaps be an _18 months_ travel ban
       | preventing Europeans from visiting the US, a travel ban which
       | separates families and has no justification anymore.
        
         | aphroz wrote:
         | It's a 60 billions USD sub deal tho.
        
       | pvg wrote:
       | Dupe of
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28574951
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28571287
        
       | grecy wrote:
       | Having recently come back to Australia, I'm staggered (and
       | honestly impressed) at how good the media is at shaping a story
       | to suit the needs of politicians.
       | 
       | In all of this talk of "betraying the French" or "siding with the
       | US", there is not even a mention of the fact Australia is
       | spending towards $100 billion on multiple nuclear submarines.
       | 
       | This for a country that only has 25 million people and a GDP of
       | around $1.4 trillion USD.
       | 
       | Why on earth does Australia need nuclear submarines, and why
       | isn't that money being spent to improve the lives of regular tax
       | paying Australians?
       | 
       | A county of 25 million people that doesn't even have nuclear
       | power (or nuclear weapons) has no need of nuclear submarines,
       | it's an obscene waste of money.
        
         | cblconfederate wrote:
         | This seems more like a US strategic move than an australian
         | one. I m just not sure that AU should be on board with it
        
       | atc wrote:
       | France is irrelevant and the UK, US and Australia know that and
       | don't regard them a considerable player in the world stage.
        
       | karaterobot wrote:
       | On the face of it, recalling their ambassadors seems like a
       | petulant and counter-productive way of registering a protest.
       | What is it supposed to do that a speech wouldn't? Is there any
       | effect of this other than not having someone to formally
       | represent France's interests in those countries?
        
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       (page generated 2021-09-18 23:01 UTC)