[HN Gopher] Sir Clive Sinclair has died
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Sir Clive Sinclair has died
        
       Author : haasted
       Score  : 939 points
       Date   : 2021-09-16 17:26 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theguardian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theguardian.com)
        
       | hanoz wrote:
       | Cheers Clive. Sorry to see you go. Your inventions were an
       | incredible influence in my formative years and I wouldn't be here
       | without you.
       | 
       | 10 PRINT "RIP Clive Sinclair"
       | 
       | 20 GOTO 10
        
       | josefrichter wrote:
       | In Czechoslovakia we had licensed clones of ZX Spectrum called
       | Didaktik Gama. It didn't look nearly as cool, but it was
       | affordable and thus the very first personal computer for a whole
       | generation. Thank you Sir Sinclair!
        
       | diskzero wrote:
       | Ah, the Timex Sinclair 1000! I would fantasize about having one
       | while looking at magazines ads. You could buy the kit, build it
       | and learn so much about computing, all for $99.95 US! Sure, the
       | 1K of RAM was a bit limiting, but you could save up and buy a 16K
       | RAM pack.
        
         | open-source-ux wrote:
         | _Sure, the 1K of RAM was a bit limiting..._
         | 
         | 1K of RAM seems an unimaginably miniscule memory limit today,
         | but incredibly you could squeeze a game of chess in that limit
         | using a bit of creativity. The YouTube channel _Nostalgia Nerd_
         | compares a game of chess on the 1981 Sinclair ZX81 1KB computer
         | vs. a modern PC.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R3By_rdwxSg
         | 
         | When you think of the oceans of RAM available today, a 1KB
         | limit feels like something from a completely different world.
        
       | faichai wrote:
       | My dad had a ZX Spectrum. The music to Spy Hunter is seared into
       | my brain. Such early exposure to tech (and to some extent dealing
       | with its crappiness) started me on the path to becoming the
       | software engineer I am today. RIP Sir Clive.
        
       | sys_64738 wrote:
       | Britain's Steve Jobs.
        
         | zepto wrote:
         | Not really. That would be Herman Hauser.
        
           | sys_64738 wrote:
           | Both were company founds who went pair shaped in 1985. Both
           | were narcissists obsessed with miniaturization and small
           | items. Both were obsessed with the physical look of their
           | devices. Both were not engineers.
        
         | timbit42 wrote:
         | I'd say Clive Sinclair was more like Britain's Jack Tramiel.
         | Chris Curry or Herman Hauser would be more like Britain's Steve
         | Jobs and Sophie Wilson as Britain's Steve Wozniak.
         | 
         | Wikipedia calls Acorn, Britain's Apple. Just as Apple chose its
         | name because it was before Atari in the phone book, so Acorn
         | chose it's name because it was before Apple.
        
           | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
           | I worked at Acorn in the early 80's. I once arm wrestled
           | Chris Curry in a bar. Neither one of them was really a Steve
           | Jobs figure. I doubt many BBC Micro owners at the time would
           | even have heard of them, unlike Sinclair who was in the press
           | all the time. Curry was more of a drunken playboy, and
           | Hermann more business man than marketeer or face of the
           | company. It was a dream job for a geek!
        
       | neilwilson wrote:
       | Ouch.
       | 
       | I'm here because of Sir Clive. Like many I started with a 1k
       | ZX81.
        
       | CobrastanJorji wrote:
       | I've still got my Sinclair in a shoebox upstairs, complete with
       | the 16KB RAM expansion pack, a program or two on cassette tape,
       | and the cord for plugging it into my TV (which would probably
       | need a whole chain of adapters today).
        
         | nsxwolf wrote:
         | My 77" LG CX OLED still has a coax RF input, and I've hooked a
         | few consoles and computers up to it. And it actually looks,
         | well, better than I expected I guess!
        
       | decremental wrote:
       | Who?
        
       | streamofdigits wrote:
       | They don't make them like that no more. What would it take for
       | technology to feel again just... white magic.
        
       | maerF0x0 wrote:
       | RIP.
       | 
       | With all due respect, Meta comment here: I imagine computing has
       | become sufficiently ubiquitous such that in ~50 yrs time the HN
       | bar will always be black because we will have > 365 important
       | folks pass away each year.
       | 
       | But will there be a HN then?
        
         | midnightclubbed wrote:
         | Weak argument. Sir Clive's influence on computing, particularly
         | in Britain is enormous. For many of us his products are the
         | reason we are part of this industry.
        
           | maerF0x0 wrote:
           | I'm more reflecting on the fact that the number of
           | programmers roughly doubles every 5 years and thus the number
           | of Sir Clive's should be greatly increasing too, no?
        
       | rsiqueira wrote:
       | A clone of Sinclair ZX81 was the first computer that I touched
       | and coded when I was a kid. My color homage to Sinclair ZX
       | Spectrum in less than 140 characters of Javascript:
       | https://www.dwitter.net/d/23871
        
       | sillyquiet wrote:
       | For us North Americans not very familiar with Sir Clive's
       | machine, there's a pretty good summary of it:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Jr7Q1yJOUM
       | 
       | Apparently it, or a follow-up model, WAS available in the US,
       | branded by Timex of all companies.
        
       | chx wrote:
       | Oh dear. My parents smuggled (!) a ZX Spectrum in 1985 into
       | Hungary and they knew they will do it and while they were on
       | their tour to Western Germany I was at a summer daytime camp at
       | the nearby community center where we learned BASIC on them. And ,
       | of course , played games , mostly Horace And The Spiders :) I was
       | ten.
       | 
       | Fast forward two decades and I was contributing to Drupal core
       | (first core commit 17 years ago was
       | https://i.imgur.com/ZGemjVc.png although Dries forgot to credit
       | me, boo :) ) and another five years later I was working on a Top
       | 100 website.
       | 
       | Thanks Sir Sinclair.
        
       | tpmx wrote:
       | The excellent _Micro Men_ docudrama
       | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro_Men) has somehow been on
       | Youtube since 2013:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXBxV6-zamM (1h24m)
       | 
       |  _Micro Men, working title Syntax Era, is a 2009 one-off BBC
       | drama television programme set in the late 1970s and the early-
       | mid 1980s, about the rise of the British home computer market. It
       | focuses on the rivalry between Sir Clive Sinclair (played by
       | Alexander Armstrong), who developed the ZX Spectrum, and Chris
       | Curry (played by Martin Freeman), the man behind the BBC Micro._
       | 
       | (Sinclair didn't exactly like it though.)
        
         | jecel wrote:
         | It is interesting to watch the video of the actual interview
         | that they recreate in the movie. The movie Sinclair seems a bit
         | upset while the real life one was smiling a lot and being very
         | friendly.
        
         | empressplay wrote:
         | "Games! Games! Everywhere I go games! This is what my lifetime
         | of achievement has been reduced to! Clive Sinclair the man who
         | brought you Jet Set f**ing Willy!" -- Clive Sinclair
         | (fictional), Micro Men
        
           | easton wrote:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3l_NV9oQ1c
        
         | hyperpallium2 wrote:
         | Your reach should exceed your grasp, or what's a heaven for?
         | 
         | A key quote from the documentary.
         | 
         | "Reach" is what you can just touch with your fingertips
         | outstretched; "grasp" is what you can firmly close your hand on
         | and grip.
        
           | pitspotter2 wrote:
           | Thanks! I've heard that quote a few times but till now never
           | grasped the full meaning.
           | 
           | A link to the quote in the film:
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXBxV6-zamM#t=5m9s
        
         | simonw wrote:
         | Micro Men is so good. I met the director once at an event and
         | asked him if it would ever be released on DVD or equivalent and
         | it sounded like that was unlikely, so it's great to see it
         | available on YouTube.
        
         | timthorn wrote:
         | The Centre for Computing History videoed Chris Curry, Steve
         | Furber and Hermann Hauser watching Micro Men and chatting for
         | the tenth anniversary of its broadcast:
         | 
         | https://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/55810/Micro-Men-10th...
        
       | cwilkes wrote:
       | ZX81 was my first computer, putting the kit (!) together with my
       | dad. Didn't work so sent it back and got a pre made one, found
       | out later that at least 1/3rd of the kits didn't work.
       | 
       | That, going through 101 Basic Computer Games, and typing in the
       | esoteric Beagle Bros commands in their ads are fond memories.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | The reason many of the kits didn't work is that the timing was
         | super critical and parts variation alone could result in a
         | built kit not working, especially if you added the RAM
         | expansion.
        
       | muh_gradle wrote:
       | RIP Sir Sinclair.
        
         | chrisseaton wrote:
         | Knights use their first names - he's Sir Clive, or Sir Clive
         | Sinclair - never Sir Sinclair.
        
       | xedarius wrote:
       | My career as a games programmer was very much started by this
       | magnificent machine.
       | 
       | I think 'Hey Hey 16k' says it all.
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/Ts96J7HhO28
       | 
       | RIP good sir.
        
       | aurizon wrote:
       | Yes, I well remember the Sinclairs I played with. They never made
       | the 'Apple leap', and slowly faded, but he had a lot of good
       | ideas. With a Silicon Valley milieu in the UK, he would have done
       | better. I was a Silicon Valley parts rat in the late 70's. Went
       | there 2-3 times a year. Mike Quinn, Space Age metal products,
       | Advanced Computer Products(Freeman Brothers), Bill Godbout and so
       | on. They all had surplus warehouses. The tax law in the USA
       | allowed old parts to be written off - but if you wrote them off,
       | you could not keep them. If you kept them = not written off. This
       | led to huge surplus warehouse entrepreneurs who bid on the
       | scrapped parts and then resold them. This is the way it should
       | be. In the UK/Canada companies wrote them off and KEPT them -
       | sitting unused = no good to man or beast. I think that is why it
       | was unique - US tax law.
        
       | danielrpa wrote:
       | The ZX Spectrum was my first computer. So many good moments with
       | it... It's hard to describe it for the current generation - if
       | you were there, you know what I mean.
       | 
       | Sir Clive Sinclair had an enormous impact on my life and career.
       | Today is a sad day for me :(
        
         | gokhan wrote:
         | It was also the first for me. It was expensive for my family to
         | have but my school buddy had it and naturally we spent all our
         | free time in their house typing programs from the large book.
         | Fun times. RIP.
        
       | Doctor_Fegg wrote:
       | The Spectrum and ZX81 are (rightly) the computers for which Clive
       | Sinclair is remembered. But it was his unsuccessful follow-up,
       | the QL, which inspired a certain Linus Torvalds to write Linux:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinclair_QL#Legacy
        
         | xkeysc0re wrote:
         | Funny that it was inspiring in its frustrating designs / lack
         | of features, rather than a "positive" sort of inspiration.
        
           | 5faulker wrote:
           | Failure can be a source of inspiration, after all.
        
             | hughrr wrote:
             | Sinclair was an expert at that. He guided many an
             | industrial product designer to fortune by showing them
             | exactly what not to do.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | I can't tell - are you praising Sinclair, or shredding
               | him? (I'm on the wrong side of the pond to have any real
               | knowledge of him.)
        
               | hughrr wrote:
               | Shredding him.
               | 
               | His business acumen was nil and his cost cutting nailed
               | shut the coffin of every venture he started.
               | 
               | I don't get the hero worship.
        
               | GekkePrutser wrote:
               | Maybe he didn't make a lot of money but he sure managed
               | to inspire people.
               | 
               | I know which I'd want to be _my_ legacy.
        
               | disgruntledphd2 wrote:
               | Dude, he's just died.
               | 
               | There's definitely a time for robust debate about his
               | legacy and potential flaws, but that time and place
               | should not be this thread.
        
               | gojomo wrote:
               | When should we schedule the full, honest picture, if not
               | now, when he's on people's minds moreso than he will ever
               | be again?
               | 
               | I love the positive remembrances here. I also appreciate
               | the full picture, like the joke about the "Sinclair
               | digital penis" in another thread.
               | 
               | Sinclair did well for himself & his family. He did a lot
               | of good in the world, from the people he introduced to
               | tech.
               | 
               | Neither he nor his legacy are harmed in the slightest
               | with an honest recounting. Instead, the memory is
               | improved with realistic texture.
        
               | hughrr wrote:
               | Yeah it is. The guy had a rabid cult following much like
               | Musk does today. He had many financial victims with
               | poorly engineered products.
               | 
               | He made a very valuable contribution to the industry
               | however.
               | 
               | People have rose tinted glasses about it but the reality
               | was products not turning up, not shipping, not working
               | and a sour taste for many against technology.
               | 
               | He even bought faulty RAM in which was discarded for the
               | Spectrums and sold the ones that booted.
               | 
               | The only reason it worked out for a lot of people is we
               | have pretty strong consumer protection laws here!
        
               | vasac wrote:
               | He brought faulty RAM that had errors just in a single
               | half and then he used just the other (correct) half -
               | nothing wrong with that.
               | 
               | Such cost cutting made it affordable to a large number of
               | people - had it costed a couple of time more it could be
               | a hard sell for my Eastern European parents. Fortunately,
               | that didn't happen and now, 40 years later, I have a nice
               | career and I'm still enjoying dealing with computers just
               | as when I was a kid with ZX Spectrum.
        
               | hughrr wrote:
               | Actually that's not strictly true. Test methodology was
               | "see if it worked and ship". Many many of the computers
               | were returned and replaced immediately. And a lot of the
               | new ones you got were the broken ones which were sent
               | back and the chips replaced. I've seen a new one which
               | still didn't work which had been reworked at least once
               | and sold as new again.
               | 
               | My father had a nice business for a few years doing adhoc
               | repairs and then started his own PC import business in
               | the end with the cash he earned fixing people's stuff.
               | That was a world of difference.
               | 
               | Agree with your comments about affordability. As you say
               | about Eastern Europe, even the clones were more expensive
               | I understand.
        
               | GekkePrutser wrote:
               | It's not that unique in the computer business. I used to
               | build PCs for a shop during the 90s internet craze. When
               | we got a box of Quantum Bigfoot HDDs we'd be lucky if
               | half of them worked. Someone who cared about quality
               | wouldn't put that crap in a computer. But it was cheap.
               | The soundcards we sold were so cheap they were cut
               | diagonally to save on PCB material.
               | 
               | Though this shop just did it for profit margin. Sinclair
               | did it to make computers available to the masses.
        
               | midnightclubbed wrote:
               | Hero worship because he brought computers to the masses.
               | The cost cutting was the point - there were already
               | computers that cost the same as a nice TV, this was a
               | computer a kid could get for Christmas. For many of us
               | that oppertunity was the start of a lifelong passion.
        
               | lordgroff wrote:
               | And yet, the 48K is in history books, and is fondly
               | remembered by many of us tech geeks who cut their teeth
               | on that machine.
               | 
               | It doesn't matter everything else didn't work out, I'd be
               | pretty damn happy with that legacy.
        
               | hughrr wrote:
               | Yes and no. The 48k was a bit of a disaster to start
               | with. Lots of failures, bugs galore, a full recall due to
               | power supply shock hazard. Not to mention the horrible
               | keyboard.
               | 
               | When you look at the microscopic view of owning one
               | computer from him that worked it does somewhat rose tint
               | the overall view of things which was not good.
        
             | xkeysc0re wrote:
             | Spite is a great motivator
        
         | afavour wrote:
         | Oh wow, it turns out the QL hardware was reused in the ICL One
         | Per Desk. We had one at home growing up (for some reason?!).
         | Kind of funny to read that it's greatest success was in
         | networking hundreds of bingo halls together across the UK.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Per_Desk
        
           | RantyDave wrote:
           | The QL failed because (amongst other things) they had
           | outsourced the basic interpreter to another company for the
           | ZX series and decided to bring it in house for the QL :(
        
         | thinkingemote wrote:
         | Did you have one? I skipped the QL and went to an Amiga
        
         | sedatk wrote:
         | Reading QL BASIC source code was the first time I was exposed
         | to structured programming. I really liked its BASIC dialect.
        
         | Zardoz84 wrote:
         | I have memories of my father using a QL. also, he was very
         | lucky as he got a late version with many bugs fixed. He like it
         | too, that when got a IBM PC compatible with a 8086, he thought
         | that the QL was better.
        
         | jhallenworld wrote:
         | Has anyone ported ucLinux to the QL? Shouldn't be that hard..
         | here it is on a minimal system:
         | 
         | https://www.bigmessowires.com/68-katy/
        
         | foldr wrote:
         | My Dad had a QL at home and even had a small business selling
         | software for it back in the day. It was a bit of a daunting
         | machine for me as a child (I got more mileage out of the BBC
         | Micro), but I have fond memories of playing around with it, and
         | loading games off of microdrives.
        
         | dboreham wrote:
         | MK14 here.
        
         | 123pie123 wrote:
         | Whilst my first programs was on the acorn atom, Zx80 and zx81
         | 
         | the zx spectrum hold a special place in my memory because the
         | manual was fantasic - I learnt almost everything from it.
         | 
         | and then progressed on to typing the monterous (using the
         | aweful rubber keys) blocks of programs from magazines - THEN I
         | learnt how to debug and rewrite the games that I'd just typed
         | in from the magazines, because they never worked first time.
         | 
         | but it felt like I was living in the future
         | 
         | Thanks Clive - RIP
        
         | ukd1 wrote:
         | The QL was one of my first computers too, I loved that thing!
        
           | TacticalCoder wrote:
           | And it was an incredibly slick looking machine for the time!
        
             | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
             | After the first couple of biscuit-tin amplifiers and some
             | bare board products like the Mk14, design became a Sinclair
             | USP.
             | 
             | He was a kind of proto-Jobs. While most of the competition
             | made boring-looking devices, Sinclair hired some of the top
             | people for the time and made products that stood out
             | because they looked exciting.
             | 
             | The ZX series are the best known, but there were precursors
             | like the Black Watch and the Sovereign Calculator.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Watch_(wristwatch)
             | 
             | http://www.vintagebritishcalculators.info/html/sovereign.ht
             | m...
             | 
             | He wasn't so good at making things that worked reliably or
             | delivering them on time, but even with the delays the ZX
             | comps were game changers.
        
               | rcarmo wrote:
               | My dad had a black watch. It was the stuff of Sci-Fi.
        
             | elevaet wrote:
             | Great cyberpunk aesthetic!
             | 
             | http://www.muzines.co.uk/articles/sinclair-ql/3347
        
         | mzs wrote:
         | Sir Clive was in a memorable QL ad as well:
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/as6hSAqJ_g4
        
       | DerWOK wrote:
       | Anybody noticed, the inventor of the ZX81 of course died at the
       | age of 81. So, he predicted this decades ago?
        
       | muzster wrote:
       | Thank you Sir Clive.
       | 
       | I will wear my clashing outfits for the next 8 days.
        
       | FartyMcFarter wrote:
       | I suspect a lot of people on this website wouldn't be here were
       | it not for him (perhaps me included).
       | 
       | The sense of wonder I got as a kid by playing games and learning
       | how to program on his machines made for amazing life-shaping
       | experiences.
        
       | rocketbop wrote:
       | Certainly deserving of a black banner.
        
       | zarkov99 wrote:
       | RIP. Many a programming career, including mine, was started
       | thanks to Sir Clive. There was a sense of wonder and awe around
       | those machines that is no where to be found these days, even
       | though we have so much power computational power. Something was
       | lost.
        
         | gunfighthacksaw wrote:
         | Probably because back then you could rip apart your, say C64,
         | and replace borked components with a soldering iron or so my
         | dad told me.
        
           | AnonymousPlanet wrote:
           | Only a couple of years a go I replaced a blown cap on a
           | motherboard. It was faster than replacing it with a new board
           | because I happened to have a cap with the right specs. So in
           | principle you still could do this today. If you don't use
           | your soldering iron on the CPU or the RAM or ... well, lots
           | of other parts.
        
           | vidarh wrote:
           | You could replace many ICs with just your fingers or a
           | screwdriver. On the C64 the main ones like the CPU, graphics,
           | sound and IO chips were in sockets, and that was similar on
           | many home computers of the era.
           | 
           | I freaked my parents out by switching chips between our C64
           | and the floppy drive to see what would happen (they had
           | _almost_ compatible CPUs and IO chips - many things kept
           | working).
           | 
           | Also: Repairing by touching chips to see if any of them were
           | unusually hot was fun...
           | 
           | EDIT: to bring this more back to the thread subject, as a
           | Commodore user at the time we used to make fun of the
           | Spectrums, but they absolutely had a massive impact on the
           | market. Including on competitors - e.g. Tramiel got spooked
           | by how cheap the ZX81 was, and it certainly contributed to
           | choices made at Commodore. Sinclair's influence as a result
           | spread wide and far beyond the sizable direct influence of
           | his own machines.
        
         | nabla9 wrote:
         | Still today when I see picture of old computer, I get memory of
         | the smell and the glow of the screen (Yes, computers at that
         | time had electric smell).
        
           | jmkd wrote:
           | Ha, I thought this was just my Spectrum with dust / biscuit
           | crumbs in it
        
         | wiz21c wrote:
         | I started with Apple 2+ but back then there were many computers
         | to be fond of. There were Vic 20, Dragon 32, Amstrad, Thomson
         | TO7, TRS-80, BBC. All were different, all had their
         | capabilities. But what was fun is that everyone had access to
         | the whole thing : hardware, software. Nothing was hidden behind
         | layers of security. You could relate software and hardware in a
         | very natural way. Everybody was fiddling around. Also, they
         | were the first computers for the general public so software had
         | to be invented every single day.
         | 
         | I'm truly grateful to have been part of that, it gives such a
         | perspective...
        
           | dragonsky67 wrote:
           | I started with an Amiga 500. Wonderful machine, but the lack
           | of a built in compiler/programming language that allowed you
           | to access the power of the machine was a lack that limited
           | your learning. I think it resulted in me taking a very wide
           | path to my current programming job than would otherwise have
           | happened. Looking back, there is a lot of power in having to
           | work hard to get a program from a magazine entered and
           | working. You are forced to learn something about programming.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Yes, and today such a perspective is almost impossible to
           | achieve outside the embedded space. Even a Raspberry-Pi is
           | many orders of magnitude more complex than say a Dragon 32
           | (Color Computer clone, by the way) or a BBC Micro.
        
             | Chris_Newton wrote:
             | Given the availability of tech like the Pi now, I wonder
             | what it would take to build a modern, child-friendly device
             | in the same spirit around it: something that offered a fun
             | and instructive introduction to programming, in a box that
             | was self-contained, safe and practically indestructible.
             | Design a case with a sealed keyboard? Expose standard power
             | and display connectors with robust ports? Write some child-
             | friendly software that might be flashier than what we had
             | but was still in essence a guided programming environment
             | with a simple but effective language? _Maybe_ include some
             | sort of USB connectivity, primarily so that older kids
             | could also control external devices like light boards or
             | robot arms or turtles? I haven't come across anyone trying
             | to do this that I can recall, but I feel like there's an
             | entire ecosystem's worth of startup ideas in this space
             | just waiting to be implemented. Maybe the next Sir Clive is
             | out there somewhere to get it started.
        
               | jarvist wrote:
               | The Raspberry Pi 400 is basically this.
               | https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-400/
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | It's a very interesting device in a very Spectrum-like
               | form factor. It also has its limitations, much like the
               | Spectrum itself - you're not going to code comfortably in
               | resource-intensive languages with it.
        
               | dragonsky67 wrote:
               | TLDR - Kids who want to learn to program already have
               | access to the tools to do this... It's just that most
               | kids don't want to learn to program.
               | 
               | Wasn't this what the One Laptop Per Child (OTLP) project
               | was trying to achieve? The problem is that when the ZX,
               | C64 etc were around there was no alternative. If you
               | wanted to play games, you could either shell out for more
               | hardware and purchase the games on disk or cartridge, or
               | you could type them in from a magazine (several times)
               | and hopefully save them to a cassette.
               | 
               | These days, if you want to play a game, you reach for
               | your phone and install a free one that is far more
               | capable than anything you could develop yourself.
               | 
               | The real trick would be to create a development
               | environment that will run on a phone. Apple have gone
               | somewhat down this path with their Swift Playgrounds and
               | you could always work with Scratch and similar systems or
               | you could even do something in html/javascript, but none
               | of these really give the same imperative to learning how
               | that the original home computers did. You really need a
               | system that lets you develop a full program, share it
               | with your friends and modify (and break) it.
               | 
               | You know the reality is that we do have these systems,
               | and kids that are interested in doing anything other than
               | just playing games can access them with a minimum of
               | problems. I wonder how many of those ZX Spectrums, C64
               | etc were given to kids, who on finding that they had to
               | actually do some work to make them do anything useful
               | relegated them to a shoebox under the TV. It is possible
               | that for every positive story about "kid learns
               | programming from ZX Spectrum" you would have a hundred
               | stories of kid calling ZX Spectrum a piece of crap.
        
         | mnd999 wrote:
         | Me for one. ZX Spectrum +2 got me into programming. ROI on that
         | home computer must be enormous.
        
         | braben wrote:
         | Same here, I owe him my whole career. One day I came to my
         | house at nine years old and saw that metal with ruber thing and
         | lots of colours that my father bought. Wonder and awe, as you
         | said. One of the best times of my life was understanding and
         | coding an assembler routine to achieve 64 columns. RIP Sir
         | Clive Sinclair. So sad news.
        
         | hyperpallium2 wrote:
         | Rarity I guess? Computers were formerly even rarer. But
         | everyone's got one in their pocket now.
        
         | epx wrote:
         | Started with a ZX-81 clone. The factor I liked most was the
         | attention with the manuals, they really cared to teach the
         | basics of programming, even low-level things, to the layman.
        
           | billti wrote:
           | I memorized the ZX81 (and Spectrum) manuals back to front.
           | Around age 11 I used to write out assembly long-hand and
           | "poke" the OpCodes into memory to write programs and drivers.
           | I really credit what has now been a long and happy career in
           | software development to the affordable computers Sir Clive
           | developed. (My family was pretty poor growing up, but I
           | convinced my Dad to spring the 80 pounds or so for one after
           | I borrowed a friend's and took to it).
           | 
           | What you could do was limited enough that you could master
           | it, and I really think that's a good thing for education and
           | motivation. When I think about teaching my kids to program
           | today, I effectively get "choice paralysis" from all the
           | paths I could go down and the options within easy reach.
        
           | rwmj wrote:
           | Steve Vickers wrote that manual. A couple of decades later he
           | taught me an impenetrable course on mathematical structures
           | in computer science. (My previous comments about that:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23760382
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26375986)
        
         | Chris_Newton wrote:
         | _There was a sense of wonder and awe around those machines that
         | is no where to be found these days, even though we have so much
         | power computational power._
         | 
         | Indeed. After I saw this sad news and your comment, I was
         | reminded of an earlier HN comment1 I had written about the joy
         | I experienced as a young child learning to program on a ZX81
         | and my regret that my children's generation are not growing up
         | with the same opportunities. I'm not sure there is any
         | analogous device I could give my kids when they reach the same
         | age any more. Any device they do eventually get when they're
         | older seems more likely to have preinstalled social media apps
         | and regular security updates than a preinstalled programming
         | environment and a line in the manual reassuring you that
         | nothing you type will break your computer. Something certainly
         | has been lost.
         | 
         | 1 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21119236
        
           | iso1210 wrote:
           | People have different expectations to computers nowadays.
           | They aren't isolated curiosities any more, you can't capture
           | the environment of the 1980s home computer revolution.
           | 
           | If you do want a similar experience (at least superficially)
           | to a spectrum 48k, get a Pi 400, don't connect it to a
           | network, but don't expect the same outcome as you had -- the
           | world is different, there are very different things competing
           | for attention, and different rewards for time spent.
        
           | jay_kyburz wrote:
           | My 8 and 10 year old kids have just discovered the Roblox
           | editor. They are building mutiplayer 3d worlds.
           | 
           | The 8 year old is the most enthusiastic about it. He is
           | second grade at school and knows addition, and subtraction,
           | and his times tables but has not started multiplying more
           | than single digit numbers.
           | 
           | Right now they are mostly placing blocks around and
           | decorating the world, but they are very interested in the lua
           | scripting. I have no doubt that they will soon be attempting
           | to read that read the Roblox API docs. Actually, they'll be
           | watching youtube video tutorials.
           | 
           | Anyhow, I just wanted to point out that while the old 8 bit
           | days are gone, there are plenty of ways kids can build things
           | and tinker with computers and software.
           | 
           | PS: buy your kids a Steam Deck.
        
           | tcbawo wrote:
           | What a great learning tool the early personal computers were.
           | It's a pipe dream, but I would have loved to have given my
           | children a simpler device and restricted the internet until
           | they were capable of assembling the hardware/software to get
           | connected. These devices exist today as VMs. But, what I
           | think we've lost is the boredom and free time that drives
           | that type of learning and discovery.
        
       | anigbrowl wrote:
       | Sir Clive was so far ahead of his time and brought color into so
       | many lives. RIP.
        
       | jecel wrote:
       | Several things Sinclair was made fun of back in the day are now
       | "the work of geniuses". Among them is wafer scale electronics.
       | Sinclair's:
       | 
       | http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/3043/Anamartic-Wafer-...
       | 
       | Currently:
       | 
       | https://cerebras.net/
        
       | kerrsclyde wrote:
       | My love of computing began with my Spectrum.
       | 
       | I was bought a ZX Spectrum +3 when I was 10, the one with a
       | floppy drive. My parents were persuaded by the salesman that
       | floppy drives were the future and that it was worth paying more
       | for the +3 rather than the +2 with it's tape drive. Correct, but
       | hardly any games were available on disk which left me a bit
       | miffed at the time.
        
         | thorin wrote:
         | Multiface 3 from romantic robot was the key peripheral you
         | needed. After loading a game you could save an image to disk,
         | so you could also create save points anywhere and poke in cheat
         | codes :-)
        
       | hyperpallium2 wrote:
       | That pocket TV is ridiculously cool and he knows it.
        
         | canada_dry wrote:
         | Yup! That, and his LED wrist watch - an absolute brilliant
         | piece of work at the time!
        
       | thom wrote:
       | Grew up in a house surrounded by many wonderful machines, but by
       | far the most beautiful and alluring were the Spectrums. My dad
       | wrote some reasonably popular books on these things in the 80s
       | which pretty much set me on my way:
       | 
       | https://worldofspectrum.org/archive/books/working-sinclair-q...
       | 
       | https://spectrumcomputing.co.uk/entry/2000420/Book/The_Worki...
        
         | ridruejo wrote:
         | That's awesome
        
       | _joel wrote:
       | RIP Sir Clive.
       | 
       | My parents were having a clear out and found my old (2nd hand
       | when I got it!) Speccy, just last week. It's been in a box but I
       | feel compelled to see if it's in working order still (no leaky
       | caps please or dodgy joints, at least there's no old PSU to worry
       | about)
       | 
       | https://imgur.com/a/qgufGOE
        
       | coffeemug wrote:
       | I'm actually really sad about it. My first experience programming
       | was with his machine. Rest in peace :(
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | We had one of his op-amp home hifi kits from before his computing
       | days. I'm not going to gloss things up here, it was shit. Noisy,
       | bad circuit design, bad instructions.
       | 
       | Delivery was often fraught: he had no supply chain and always
       | went to market before stocks built up.
       | 
       | Sinclair is notorious for overpromising and under delivering. The
       | calculators were highly approximate trig functions, the Sinclair
       | e-car was a joke.
       | 
       | I curse the membrane keyboard to this day.
       | 
       | Smart man. Crap product. A joke of the times from British TV: the
       | Sinclair digital penis: 1 inch long and takes 28 days to come.
       | 
       | I understand how many people bootstrapped into computing from the
       | spectrum btw, a friend made significant money from writing sw for
       | it. Tiny compilers, games.
        
         | Miraste wrote:
         | > The calculators were highly approximate trig functions
         | 
         | This is true, but not the whole story. The Sinclair calculator
         | undercut its only competitor at the time by 75%(!), bringing a
         | scientific calculator to a lot of people who otherwise would
         | never have had one. He did this by using a chip designed for
         | four-function math and using a series of brilliant (if, yes,
         | slow and approximate) hacks to fit arithmetic _and_
         | trigonometry in the same 320 assembly instructions and three
         | registers. It cuts basically every corner, but my favorite one
         | is that it didn 't have room for constants like pi in the ROM.
         | No matter what they did they couldn't fit it in. Eventually,
         | they just printed pi on the case. My impression of Sir Clive is
         | that he always tried to take shortcuts no other company would
         | dare, and while this often flamed out, sometimes he pulled it
         | off and brought a lot of technology to a lot of people.
         | 
         | Here's a fantastic breakdown of how the calculator worked and
         | why it was so impressive:
         | 
         | http://files.righto.com/calculator/sinclair_scientific_simul...
        
         | mjw1007 wrote:
         | Looking back, maybe the lesson is that there are some occasions
         | when giving up on quality in order to make a cheaper product is
         | an excellent idea, and 8-bit computers in the early 80s was one
         | of those occasions.
         | 
         | (While, for example, electric road vehicles in the mid 80s was
         | not.)
        
           | ggm wrote:
           | Yes. Hooking up with Timex (a very stodgy, cheap product
           | company at the time) was a big move. Ultimately commodore did
           | for them, but it took Sinclair to the US.
           | 
           | The Sinclair car would sell well now the market for escooters
           | is established.
        
         | rjeli wrote:
         | genuinely appreciate your anecdote, it is interesting to know,
         | but perhaps a bit distasteful in reply to his death.
        
           | ggm wrote:
           | Yes, perhaps it is. Eulogies and Obituaries are different
           | things. I'm not here to eulogise him, for sure. He was a
           | controversial figure in his own lifetime, a brilliant self
           | promoter. Lord Alan Suger learned a lot of marketing tricks
           | from him.
           | 
           | There's something quintessentially British about promoting
           | tech wizards as heros for making remarkably average product,
           | but making it mass market. Sinclair electronics and Amstrad
           | unquestionably took computing to the masses, in all its buggy
           | variety.
           | 
           | Sinclair's calculator made the V&A design gallery as an icon.
           | It was pretty unusable, but stunningly beautiful. My dad
           | refused to let me get one (he was a compsci professor) and I
           | got a Texas instruments handheld instead.
        
           | hughrr wrote:
           | It really irks me when someone is misrepresented when they
           | drop dead. I'm personally fine with the parent poster's
           | comment because it's exactly a fair representation of the
           | guy's products. They were mostly awful to some degree.
        
             | Razengan wrote:
             | Why are you whining so much about anyone's obituary?
             | (Really see this guy's comments) Who hurt you?
        
               | hughrr wrote:
               | I have a fair amount of experience with Sinclair products
               | both from ownership and repair perspective.
               | 
               | We should speak the truth of the dead and not lie to
               | ourselves.
        
       | thinkingemote wrote:
       | I went without a Christmas present because my dad got me a zx
       | spectrum for my birthday.
       | 
       | I'm glad he did.
        
       | robarr wrote:
       | The is a kind of ridiculous expression "you never forget your
       | first one". Well mine was a ZX81. I will never forget her.
       | 
       | Thanks sir Clive!
        
       | throw_m239339 wrote:
       | Grew up with Thomson computers and C64, Amiga so I never had the
       | pleasure to use a Spectrum computer. But RIP sir.
        
       | holoduke wrote:
       | When I was 8 years old I had a teacher who let me explore the
       | spectrum zx every midday break. I spend so many hours loading
       | tapes with games and programs. It was for sure the spark for me
       | to start my life with programming and computers in general. Rest
       | in piece. A legend!!!
        
       | bane wrote:
       | One of the legacies from Sinclair's era is the profound
       | understanding of the power of young hobbyists working on cheap
       | computers, and how that leads to a workforce trained in STEM.
       | This idea directly inspired the development of the Raspberry Pi
       | which has been beyond wildly successful and may be the most
       | popular line of British computers in history.
        
         | hughrr wrote:
         | Sort of. As a former Sinclair user his products taught me
         | patience and tolerance.
         | 
         | I jumped ship the moment I could afford a BBC.
        
           | dboreham wrote:
           | There wouldn't have been a BBC without Uncle Clive.
        
             | hughrr wrote:
             | You mean there wouldn't have been a BBC if he had tried
             | harder? :)
        
             | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
             | Sinclair was a contender for the BBC project, but couldn't
             | make it happen.
             | 
             | We might not have had ARM if Acorn hadn't won the contract.
        
       | andraz wrote:
       | RIP
       | 
       | My first computer was Spectrum. With broken cassette recorder.
       | There was no other way to play games but writing them down from a
       | recipe book. And picking up programming along the way.
       | Discovering the new world, the world of the electron and the
       | switch and then the beauty of the baud.
       | 
       | Thank you Sir!
        
       | marcodiego wrote:
       | Nevermind microsoft or apple. Sinclair is the real company that
       | first saw the market of computer for the masses.
        
       | shyrka wrote:
       | As much as the hardware fuelled my interest in computing, and
       | ultimately forged my career. Something that I think isn't
       | appreciated enough was the beautiful design language Sinclair
       | employed. I've always viewed Sinclair as proto Apple.
        
       | djhworld wrote:
       | RIP
       | 
       | I had a hand-me-down spectrum although I don't remember learning
       | to program on it, just the games. Was probably too young at the
       | time.
       | 
       | So I guess I can credit it for starting my life long love for
       | computer games :)
        
       | gjkood wrote:
       | RIP Sir Clive Sinclair.
       | 
       | His Sinclair ZX81 got me into my love for computing.
       | 
       | I wouldn't be where I am without that exposure.
        
       | mhd wrote:
       | I'm going to take a small tour with my A-Bike tomorrow.
        
       | veltas wrote:
       | I didn't grow up with the ZX Spectrum, but I managed to buy one
       | (actually a few) a number of years ago, and had a lot of fun
       | playing around in BASIC and then writing programs in assembly.
       | The computer's design is so very simple, it was a nice
       | introduction to low-level computing and I now do that for a
       | career. It's no surprise to me hearing about how many careers
       | started on that system, I somehow think that -- in the age of
       | CodeAcademy and endless free JavaScript courses -- computing is
       | somehow so much less approachable.
       | 
       | Sad news, rest in peace Sir Clive.
        
       | fieryskiff11 wrote:
       | Never heard of her
        
       | pmontra wrote:
       | My first computer was a ZX81, then an QL. I still have them at
       | home. Maybe I'll try to power them up. I've found some listings
       | of programs I wrote in BASIC on the ZX81. They are only
       | marginally easier to understand than machine code, maybe not :-)
       | but they were the first step to bring me here. Thanks Sir
       | Sinclair.
        
         | alok-g wrote:
         | I too still have the computer and it powers up. 90% of the keys
         | have stopped working though.
        
         | pjmlp wrote:
         | I also own mine still, but I will never plug them again, too
         | afraid to fry them.
        
         | browningstreet wrote:
         | I wish I still had my original Osborne 1, and my Sinclair QL...
        
         | rwmj wrote:
         | Don't plug them in without doing some basic checks! A common
         | fault with the ZX81 at least is the PSU and/or the internal
         | voltage regulator degrades/fails and will destroy the RAM
         | chips. Have a look through some of Noel Retro Lab videos for
         | some tips first: https://www.youtube.com/c/NoelsRetroLab/videos
         | 
         | Edit: Different channel, but here's a video about ZX81
         | restoration: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xyluEM0N6TY
        
       | bnastic wrote:
       | As an 8yo, I thought ZX was a German computer, because like every
       | other home computer of the time it came from a shop in Munich's
       | Schillerstrasse. Somehow it found its way into Eastern Europe
       | that wasn't too keen on importing computers.
       | 
       | An old joke says it was passing through customs as a "washing
       | machine programmer, not a computer, see, its all rubbery"
        
       | mynegation wrote:
       | @dang - I believe that deserves a black ribbon. In some countries
       | generations grew up learning hacking and programming with his
       | computers (and knock-offs)
        
         | empressplay wrote:
         | Agreed! The Timex Sinclair 1000 (US ZX81 rebadging) was my
         | first computer when I was 6 and as an autistic child it really
         | helped keep me engaged and I suspect that without it I would
         | have ended up in special education classes... Sir Clive
         | literally changed my life
        
         | FearNotDaniel wrote:
         | Absolutely. His systems did _so_ much to democratize computing
         | in the 8-bit era, and there must be countless greybeards who
         | owe their careers to the access that Sinclair Computers
         | granted. Likewise, many non-technical entrepreneurs who made
         | tons of cash in the first dotcom boom would only be able to
         | find programmers able to work for them because they had self-
         | trained in skills that schools knew nothing about by staying up
         | late staring at the family TV with one of these little machines
         | plugged into it.
         | 
         | More democratising than other machines around at the time,
         | because those less-well-off families in the UK who couldn't
         | afford a BBC Micro or CBM-64 could more easily scrape together
         | the funds to buy a ZX Spectrum instead.
         | 
         | My personal anecdote: I didn't have enough pocket money to feed
         | my Pac-Man addiction in the arcades, and my family certainly
         | wasn't going to splash out on an Atari console, so I wrote
         | myself a Pac-Man clone in ZX Basic. It turned out that
         | programming was so much more fun than playing the game in the
         | long run, and almost 40 years later people are still paying me
         | to do this! Thank you, Sir Clive.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | virgulino wrote:
       | I started with a Brazilian ZX81 clone, the Prologica CP200. It
       | changed my life. Thank you, Sir Clive Sinclair.
        
       | protomyth wrote:
       | Sir Clive Sinclair was a hero of mine for realizing that
       | computing could be for children of poorer families. The Apple II
       | is lauded for the classroom, but it was way too expensive for my
       | family. Without people like Sir Sinclair, I and many other would
       | have never been able to enter this profession we so love.
       | 
       | Apple gets the credit, but it was Sir Sinclair, Commodore, Atari,
       | and TI that raised a generation in computing.
       | 
       | Rest well great man.
        
         | joosters wrote:
         | Yes! As a kid, I was jealous of friends who had 'better'
         | computers, but the appeal of the spectrum was seeing how it
         | could be pushed to its limits and do amazing things.
         | 
         | Learning BASIC and then assembly on the spectrum got me hooked
         | on computers, all thanks to Sir Clive making it possible and
         | affordable.
        
       | Razengan wrote:
       | ... I dreaded this day. He was the first "computer celebrity" I
       | knew of and looked up to.
       | 
       | Always expected him to make some kind of comeback in a world that
       | sorely needs something like what the ZX Spectrum (& C64) was in
       | its time.
        
       | gojomo wrote:
       | When I had no computer, I wanted one of those <USD$200 ZX81s so
       | badly - just from seeing it magazines, & maybe pressing some of
       | its keys at the electronics counter of someplace like maybe a
       | _Sears_.
       | 
       | IIRC the video output often cut out whenever a user program was
       | running?
       | 
       | I'm sure I would have enjoyed having one, but was fortunate
       | enough my parents picked up an Apple ][+ instead. Still, warm
       | feelings towards that unit, & its series, as something that made
       | home computing _thinkable_.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | On the ZX80 it was done in such a way that just processing your
         | keyboard input caused the video to blank.
        
           | gojomo wrote:
           | That rings a bell!
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | The scary thing: this all seems like _yesterday_ to me. For
             | years I thought we were counting up to when we die, but now
             | I realize we are actually counting down.
        
         | opencl wrote:
         | Drawing video took up a very large fraction of the CPU cycles
         | on the ZX81 so there was a 'fast mode' and 'slow mode'. Fast
         | mode cut out video output when programs were running, slow mode
         | left it on and ran at something like 1/4 the speed.
        
       | lalabert wrote:
       | As someone who started coding just before the zx80 arrived I
       | fully appreciate the difference he made! I was reading ETI (if
       | you don't know what the stands for you are too young :) that had
       | adverts for the MK14 which was the predecessor to the zx series )
       | when it all kicked off and I was in awe! A true innovator.
        
       | pjmlp wrote:
       | My first actually owned was a Timex 2068, although I do remember
       | seeing those ZX 81 maker kits on electronic stores on sale.
       | 
       | I was quite envious from my pals that eventually got +2A and 3
       | models, specially with the 3 one, having floppies and CP/M
       | version available.
       | 
       | Pity that QL did not work out, nor the Sam Coupe, although the
       | later wasn't related to Sir Clive.
        
       | KineticLensman wrote:
       | Somewhat amazingly, my mother-in-law was Sir Clive's financial
       | controller at Sinclair Radionics. His financial rigour was
       | somewhat less developed than his entrepreneurial skills,
       | apparently.
        
       | kwhitefoot wrote:
       | I sold my Sinclair Scientific calculator, from the mid-seventies,
       | just a month ago. Got a tenner for it even though it wasn't
       | working.
       | 
       | I miss those times, there was something so much more immediate,
       | more real about computing in the 70s and 80s. It was somehow
       | lighter and less intimidating. It's only just coming back with
       | Arduino style kit.
       | 
       | RIP
        
         | danielrpa wrote:
         | One thing the Arduino doesn't quite have is that the ZX
         | machines, while not cutting edge, were quite novel and "high
         | tech".
         | 
         | Most people who have an Arduino also have a supercomputer-
         | phone. But a ZX81 or ZX Spectrum were, at the time, all you
         | could afford and relatively advanced to the point of being
         | amazing for most other people (who didn't own any computer
         | whatsoever).
        
         | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
         | I had a Sinclair Scientific too - so small with hard clicky
         | keys! Back then it was a wonder to type numbers that looked
         | like words when you held it upside down.
         | 
         | I expect more people here will remember the ZX80, but what
         | about the minimal SC/MP-based MK-14 that came before... I
         | skipped that but got a NASCOM-1 kit the following year (1978).
         | 
         | I worked at Acorn in the early 80s and Sir Clive attended a
         | couple of our infamous Christmas parties (since he knew Chris
         | Curry).
         | 
         | The good thing about those old computers was the simplicity.
         | The only thing on a NASCOM-1 between your assembly code and the
         | hardware was 1KB of monitor program.
        
         | abc_lisper wrote:
         | Leaky abstractions in not well thought out solutions caused by
         | exponential growth in computing is the issue. Rich Hickey's
         | "Simple made easy" talks about this very thing.
        
       | h2odragon wrote:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZX81 or
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timex_Sinclair_1000
       | 
       | Those were wild little toys; and people stretched them beyond all
       | reason.
        
         | ojbyrne wrote:
         | The ZX81 was the first computer I ever touched, in terms of
         | "stretching," for me it stopped working after I used it for an
         | hour or so.
        
           | rwmj wrote:
           | The ZX81 was also my first computer. Have to say I must have
           | better luck because mine is still going to this day (although
           | I did recently need to service and fix it).
        
           | homerowilson wrote:
           | Also my first computer, bought as a kit and I soldered it
           | together. Mine lasted a long time. It was so limited though I
           | learned Z80 assembler, which turned out to be really cool.
           | The ZX-81 was a wonderful machine.
        
         | RantyDave wrote:
         | Chess in 1K. INCLUDING THE VIDEO BUFFER.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1K_ZX_Chess
        
         | GiorgioG wrote:
         | RIP. My first "computer" was a Timex Sinclair 1000. I still
         | have it, though I lost the power supply.
        
       | rcarmo wrote:
       | My first computer was a ZX81, and his machines made a profound
       | impression on my early days in computing (and became even more
       | remarkable once I was able to understand the hardware design
       | tricks involved).
       | 
       | Good thing we have things like the Raspberry Pi to recapture some
       | of that magic for our kids.
        
         | canada_dry wrote:
         | Ditto. I assembled/soldered the thing my self. Went on to using
         | it to learning assembly language and how the internals work
         | (buses, etc).
         | 
         | I've retired after a great career in IT/Systems tech and it was
         | Clive's little computer that was the gateway drug for me!
        
       | foofoo55 wrote:
       | The Guardian article claims "Sinclair invented the pocket
       | calculator", but other calculators were on the market before his:
       | 
       | http://www.vintagecalculators.com/html/history_of_electronic...
       | 
       | [edit] More details on his calculators, which were quite cool,
       | especially his trick to decrease power consumption and the super-
       | slim Sinclair Sovereign:
       | 
       | http://www.vintagecalculators.com/html/sinclair_-_the_pocket...
        
       | wst_ wrote:
       | I will never forget characteristic screen loading method. A
       | 256x192 resolution, 16384 - beginning of video memory, 6144 bytes
       | of B&W pixel data in 3 blocks and 768 bytes for 8*2 color
       | palette. Those visuals and numbers are imprinted in my memory...
       | 
       | Two people who changed my life forever - Sir Clive Sinclair and
       | my Father who'd been bold enough to invest in Timex 2048 despite
       | price and difficulties of life behind an iron curtain.
       | 
       | Thank you. Both of you.
        
       | gorgoiler wrote:
       | Rest in peace, the "actor" behind Q in _Spycat: An Interactive
       | Expose of MI4.5_.
        
       | ggambetta wrote:
       | The ZX Spectrum+ I grew up with still works (only had to replace
       | the keyboard membrane). What an amazing piece of tech. I have
       | fond memories of it, and I also keep my collection of Microhobby
       | Magazine [1], which is effectively how my career started.
       | 
       | I had some earlier contact with a ZX81 but I don't remember much
       | of it - really only playing 3D Monster Maze [2], a very early
       | ancestor of 3D shooters.
       | 
       | The ZX Spectrum+ and the ZX81 are so meaningful to me, you could
       | argue they're the focus of my book's dedication [3]. Would I be
       | where I am today, would I be who I am today, if back in the day
       | it wasn't as easy as PLOT 6,5?
       | 
       | Rest in peace, Sir Clive.
       | 
       | [1] https://microhobby.speccy.cz/mhforever/numero001.htm [2]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_Monster_Maze [3]
       | https://gabrielgambetta.com/computer-graphics-from-scratch/d...
        
       | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
       | > "But he did not make personal use of his own inventions. His
       | daughter said he never had a pocket calculator as far as she
       | knew, instead carrying a slide-rule around with him at all times.
       | And he told interviewers he used neither a computer nor email."
        
         | simonh wrote:
         | That doesn't particularly surprise me. His computers weren't
         | aimed at middle aged adult engineers. The early calculators
         | weren't all that sophisticated. They were convenience devices
         | rather than serious tools. There's nothing wrong with designing
         | products aimed at people other than yourself.
        
           | zozbot234 wrote:
           | > His computers weren't aimed at middle aged adult engineers.
           | 
           | Maybe not Clive Sinclair's products specifically, but you'd
           | be surprised with what professional engineers could use these
           | 'toys' for. Keep in mind that machines with comparable
           | featuresets could sell for huge prices well into the early
           | and even the mid-1960s, and were used for real, sometimes
           | critically important work.
        
             | chalst wrote:
             | Turing's Pilot ACE, that Turing considered didn't have
             | enough memory for real work, had 32 mercury delay lines
             | with 1024 bits each: that's four times as much memory as
             | the ZX81.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | dvirsky wrote:
       | For its time and price vs. performance, the Spectrum might have
       | been the best personal computer ever made. It was my first
       | machine, and I loved it so much.
        
       | hyperpallium2 wrote:
       | "Horace Goes Skiing" was written by Fred Milgrom, co-founder of
       | Beam Software (studio) and (I think) Melbourne House (publisher).
       | His team also did _The Hobbit_. The studio is based in Melbourne,
       | Australia.
       | 
       | "Knight Lore" was by Ultimate Play the Game, whicn became Rare
       | (Banjo-Kazooie, GoldenEye 007, Donkey Kong Country etc).
        
       | JulianMorrison wrote:
       | Have you tried turning him off and on again?
       | 
       | In a less facetious tone, the Spectrum plus was my first
       | computer, and I rather like the way the BASIC was based on single
       | keypresses, with every built in function there to see on the
       | keyboard. It was spectacularly well designed to be learned.
        
       | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
       | Uh oh. Soviet ZX spectrum clone was my first computer, and the
       | first I ever wrote a program on using a built-in basic at an age
       | of 10. This was a magnificent device that brought me a lot of
       | joy. Rest In Peace, Sir Clive.
       | 
       | Now, I'll go play some Manic Miner or Nether Earth in your honor.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | I've seen one of those during my time in Poland.
        
       | makerofthings wrote:
       | I learned to program on the 48k when I was about 8. Couldn't
       | figure out how to save my code to tape so I just left the machine
       | switched on for weeks whilst I wrote games and then let them go
       | when I had to turn the power off. I learned more sat alone with
       | that machine than anywhere else in my life. Rest in peace Sir
       | Clive Sinclair.
        
       | spdegabrielle wrote:
       | First computer I ever typed a program into was zx80 that belonged
       | to a friend of my dad. He (a journalist) didn't like the membrane
       | keyboard so he attached a teletype keyboard.
        
       | mobilene wrote:
       | Sadness. I got started in the 80s on a Sinclair ZX81. It changed
       | my life.
        
       | sgt101 wrote:
       | I owe him a career, I suspect a lot of others do as well.
        
         | zelos wrote:
         | Yep: from being given a +2 when I was 9, I don't think there
         | was ever much doubt what my career would be.
        
         | abraxas wrote:
         | Absolutely. During a time when most any other computer was an
         | unreachable dream in communist Poland the ZX Spectrum was a
         | gift to the emerging geek community here. I was lucky to have
         | received my own in 1984. I was one of the first in the
         | neighbourhood to get one. It literally cost about 2 months of
         | my dad's wages. Those were the days.
        
         | canada_dry wrote:
         | Yup. His little ZX computer was the gateway drug into
         | programming for me.
        
       | Eliezer wrote:
       | I learned to program on a ZX81. What else is there to say?
        
       | klelatti wrote:
       | Let's not forget that without Sir Clive we would probably never
       | have seen Acorn and then Arm start in Cambridge. The computing
       | world would have been very different without him.
       | 
       | RIP.
        
       | shever73 wrote:
       | So sad to hear this. The ZX Spectrum was my introduction to both
       | computers and programming and still has a special place in my
       | heart. RIP Uncle Clive
        
       | acomjean wrote:
       | We had the "timex Sinclair ZX 1000" a gadget loving aunt gave us.
       | I think That's the US version of that computer. I remember
       | searching for the space bar... it was a button on the lower right
       | of the membrane keyboard. Each key had like 4 things on it.
       | Letters/ characters/symbols and basic commands. Entering basic
       | programs was interesting but I learned a lot.
       | 
       | And 2k of Ram (we got the 16kb expansion). And some games on tape
       | that were oddly good.
       | 
       | While i graduated to the schools apple computers a year after
       | getting the machine, I'm still fond of it and because it's really
       | small, I still have it...( now where is the wall adapter). Quite
       | a great machine from an era where the machines where more easy to
       | understand.
        
       | termau wrote:
       | So the creator of the zx81 dies at 81, my first computer, very
       | sad.
        
       | kimi wrote:
       | I think this pretty much sums it up....
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ts96J7HhO28 RIP sir Clive.
        
       | dave_sid wrote:
       | RIP
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | rossmohax wrote:
       | What is the modern alternative to ZX? Something which encourages
       | tinkering and reasonably priced.
        
         | danielrpa wrote:
         | Raspberry Pi, I suppose. But it doesn't feel the same, but the
         | Pi is really underpowered compared to the average
         | phone/computer, while the ZX Spectrum was the most powerful,
         | and only, computer millions could afford.
        
       | terramex wrote:
       | Our first computer was BAIT - Belarussian clone of ZX Spectrum.
       | It was mid to late 90s and it was already super obsolete at the
       | time, but every time we took it out and connected to TV it filled
       | me with a sense of wonder and unknown that started my fascination
       | with electronics and programming. What an amazing impact Sir
       | Clive had on so many lives.
       | 
       | Even my nickname on this very website comes from my favourite
       | game I played on Spectrum when I was a kid. Now I'm a game
       | developer myself.
        
         | varjag wrote:
         | Very similarly mine was Santaka, another Belarusian clone of a
         | 48K. Had that horrid Cyrillic font instead of lowercase Latin.
         | 
         | It was built by a former military supplier plant so its
         | heritage stuck out in unexpected details (like 8x 2Kb ceramic
         | package gold plated ROMs). I've upgraded it over the years with
         | memory expansion, printer port, "real" keyboard, sound chip and
         | disk controller. It grew into quite a hairball!
         | 
         | https://twitter.com/varjag/status/1146500643328331776/photo/...
        
           | beirut_bootleg wrote:
           | Saw those ROMs in my Romanian clone called Cobra (Computers
           | Brasov). Young me was fascinated by the way they were encased
           | in some sort of clear epoxy instead of black ceramic. You can
           | read more about the clone here:
           | https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/11/the-underground-
           | stor...
        
       | hyperpallium2 wrote:
       | ZX81 manual - coolest cover ever
       | https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/content/media/13/...
        
         | jmkd wrote:
         | Wow, that bought a serious jolt of recollection, thanks
        
           | FabHK wrote:
           | Indeed. Good days. Anyone got a link to the full pdf?
           | 
           | RIP, Sir Clive. I shall wear my (suitably black) ZX81 T-Shirt
           | tomorrow.
        
       | klft wrote:
       | RIP Sir Clive and thanks for the ZX81!
        
       | phenylene wrote:
       | I learned to program in 1982 when my mom bought me a Timex
       | Sinclair 1000 (2K RAM!) and had to type in all the games from
       | source listings in books and magazines. At some point later, I
       | bought a 16K memory expansion pack which was awesome until you
       | jiggled the computer a little bit and it would reset all memory.
       | 
       | The very first bug I had to figure out was when I was typing in
       | an expression like "A <> B", and not realizing that "<>" was a
       | single character on the keyboard, and not "<" followed by ">".
        
       | jensgk wrote:
       | I also owe a lot to Sir Clive. At 13 years old in 1981, My
       | friends father bought a ZX80 for him. Some days after, I was at
       | his home and he explained, what he had figured out about it. The
       | same evening at home, I wrote my first program on paper (a
       | Russian roulette game, I think). I couldn't wait until the next
       | day, when I came home to him again, to see if my program would
       | work. After some work we got it working :-) and I was hooked. I
       | began buying the magazines "Your Computer" and "Byte", and even
       | though English was a foreign language, I managed to understand
       | some of it. A few months later, on my birthday I got my own ZX81,
       | and after that an Acorn Atom, and then an Acorn Electron, and
       | then a PC clone, and then... Still working with programming, now
       | in data science :-)
        
       | GekkePrutser wrote:
       | Really sad. I never owned any of his products. But he was a
       | gifted engineer and inventor and his focus on bringing tech to
       | the masses was admirable.
       | 
       | The C5 still looks modern today!
        
       | parkersweb wrote:
       | Growing up we first had a Sinclair Cambridge calculator, then a
       | ZX81 (complete with a 16K RAM expansion pack!), then a Spectrum
       | that we upgraded to a Spectrum+ by sending off for the upgrade
       | kit. We even had a Sinclair thermal printer...
       | 
       | So many happy memories of weekends spent entering game code from
       | the back of magazines and then venturing into writing our own.
       | Genuinely don't think I'd be in the software industry today if it
       | hadn't been for his creations.
        
       | dd444fgdfg wrote:
       | I talked to him on the phone once, many years ago. Even though I
       | was a kid I knew who he was. Very sad. RIP.
        
       | jacquesm wrote:
       | Ah, that's too bad, really. Pocket calculators, Electric
       | vehicles, cheap personal computers, e-bikes and probably others
       | that I'm not aware of. Game changers in every instance, not all
       | of them equally successful but you really can't fault the man for
       | trying.
        
       | herio wrote:
       | Even as a Commodore person who's never really owned a Sinclair
       | computer, it can't be underestimated what an impact Sir Clive had
       | on early home computing.
       | 
       | He truly showed that affordable computing is possible and in my
       | mind also inspired the large home computer "cottage industry" in
       | the UK.
       | 
       | Kudos and may you long be remembered.
        
         | pantulis wrote:
         | I remember how I aspired to get a ZX81 and then my dad brought
         | the Vic20 home (color! 5+8kb!) so I became a Commodore fanboy
         | but hey, Sir Clive is my hero too.
        
       | midnightclubbed wrote:
       | Very sad. For American readers it may be difficult to explain
       | quite how much Sir Clive and his products shaped tech and a large
       | number of British engineers. So many of us found a love of
       | programming from Sir Clive's computers.
       | 
       | The beautiful thing about Sir Clive's products (particularly the
       | ZX Spectrum) was that they were cheap. Basically a Zilog Z80, a
       | ROM, RAM, membrane keyboard, and a single asic. No sound chip, no
       | video chip, no disk drive, bring your own tape deck (connected
       | directly to Z80 IO pins).
       | 
       | By designing for cost Sinclair Research were able to make a home
       | computer that working class families could afford. Rather than
       | being an enthusiast purchase, kids could bug their parents for
       | one - and millions did. Thousands of these kids turned their
       | programming experiments into businesses and careers.
        
       | ghoul2 wrote:
       | RIP Sir.
       | 
       | I was gifted the 48K when I was 6 yrs old - it changed my life. I
       | am here because Sir Sinclair built a machine whose setup
       | instructions said:
       | 
       |  _Now that you have set up the computer, you will want to use it.
       | The rest of this booklet tells you how to do that; but in your
       | impatience you will probably already have started pressing the
       | keys on the keyboard, and discovered that this removes the
       | copyright message. This is good; _you cannot harm the computer in
       | this way._ Be bold. Experiment. If you get stuck, remember that
       | you can always reset the computer to the original picture with
       | the copyright message by taking out the '9V DC IN' plug and
       | putting it back again. This should be the last resort because you
       | lose all the information in the computer._
       | 
       | "You cannot harm the computer in this way."
       | 
       | That single sentence started a life long journey. I doubt I would
       | have been bold enough at that age to mess around with one of our
       | most valuable possessions.
        
         | GekkePrutser wrote:
         | I love that attitude and I totally agree with the sentiment.
         | Just experimenting is how you learn best.
         | 
         | Especially in those days it was a unique sentiment. Most
         | devices came with long instruction manuals which people would
         | actually read, and even schematics. Until the home computer
         | came, only educated professionals were allowed to go near
         | computers. I think Steven Levy called them the IBM high priests
         | in his book "Hackers". It's old but a good read.
         | 
         | Now nobody reads the couple of pages that come with their new
         | phone. Good.
        
         | simonebrunozzi wrote:
         | I had no idea. This is amazing.
        
           | RantyDave wrote:
           | I'm another who had exactly the same experience. That one
           | sentence did the entire country a massive favour (and is,
           | sadly, no longer true)
           | 
           | The quality of the documentation with these early computers
           | was also truly exceptional. I learned basic in a weekend.
        
             | midnightclubbed wrote:
             | To elaborate your point every ZX Spectrum came with a
             | detailed manual from which you could learn Basic.
             | 
             | And in the back it had a ascii table with all the Z80
             | instruction codes - so once you had basic down you could
             | try assembly!
        
               | timthorn wrote:
               | The keyboard itself was almost the Spectrum's own manual,
               | listing all the BASIC keywords - because to enter one of
               | the keywords, you just typed the key with that label.
               | That made programming possible for a preschooler.
        
         | nsxwolf wrote:
         | I remember the TI-99/4A BASIC manual said something like
         | "errors will not harm your computer" and it had a similar
         | reassuring effect on my child self.
        
         | pistoriusp wrote:
         | Absolutely feel the same. What a legend.
        
           | belter wrote:
           | Same. This is my desk decoration: "The Complete Spectrum ROM
           | Disassembly"
           | 
           | http://www.primrosebank.net/computers/zxspectrum/docs/Comple.
           | ..
        
             | beardyw wrote:
             | The book remains on the shelf behind me when most others
             | have gone.
        
               | flir wrote:
               | For me it's these
               | https://www.flickr.com/photos/nathanchantrell/6446816275
               | 
               | Godspeed, Sir Clive. Your projects were all bonkers in
               | the best possible way.
        
         | dvirsky wrote:
         | Same here, but it also reminds me, the first programming lesson
         | in school (not on a Spectrum but on an IBM PC), our teacher
         | told us "there's nothing you can do with code that will harm
         | the computer in any way" (these computers did not have a hard
         | drive so you could not wipe anything).
         | 
         | This immediately set us on a quest to find ways to prove him
         | wrong - the basis of hacker thinking. Not that we did find
         | anything with our limited knowledge but it was a nice thought
         | exercise (our best bet was to create a program that constantly
         | switches between graphics mode and text mode. The monitor would
         | make a clicking sound when this happened, so we figured if we
         | do this enough times we'll probably burn some circuit, but we
         | never tried it).
        
           | GekkePrutser wrote:
           | There was a way you could burn out a chip in the C64 with a
           | poke command IIRC. And you could break the tape advance relay
           | in the MSX by switching it on and off rapidly.
           | 
           | Edit: Oops it wasn't the 64 but the PET:
           | https://dfarq.homeip.net/the-killer-poke-for-the-
           | commodore-p...
           | 
           | Also, everyone here will know the phenomenon of bricking. You
           | can damage hardware with software. Luckily it's very rare.
        
         | srcmap wrote:
         | My first compute was ~1984 Timex_Sinclair_1000 $99 and with 2K
         | RAM. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timex_Sinclair_1000
         | 
         | It definitively the gateway drug that hook me into computer.
         | 
         | Bought $6 book on how to program Sinclair computer and copy the
         | Basic Code from the book into that computer and record that
         | program into audio cassette tape and output to analog TV.
         | 
         | Now I working daily with systems that have 128 cores, 256
         | threads, 256-768MB of L3 cache memory, 1TB DDR+ 8xGPUs each
         | with 32GB of HBM.
         | 
         | I still think I got more "High/Rush" from the sinclair 1000 37
         | years ago than the latest 128C/256T CPU. Now is a job, back
         | than it was an adventure, exploration to whole new world!
        
         | headmelted wrote:
         | My story is so similar to yours (and I'm sure many others).
         | 
         | Santa brought my house a Spectrum 48k Lo Profile when I was a
         | kid with a cool KnightRider style keyboard.
         | 
         | Over the years I haven't seen it talked about much if at all,
         | so I always assumed it was a fairly niche model. After hearing
         | about Sir Clive, I looked it up to find out how many sold and
         | was surprised to learn that it never actually existed as a
         | standalone device.
         | 
         | My dad must have bought the add-on kit, and an 81, and quietly
         | upgraded it and just never told us kids. I'm gonna call him
         | when I'm done typing this.
         | 
         | All I ever wanted to do on it was transcribe the programs from
         | my magazines and try to learn how to make something of my own
         | someday. I'm not sure what I'd be doing now if he had just
         | brought home an Atari, but I almost certainly wouldn't be in
         | tech.
         | 
         | Cheers, Clive. I hope I see you down the road when the last of
         | my cyan and red bars have run out.
         | 
         | For anyone interested:
         | 
         | https://www.flickr.com/photos/anachrocomputer/2671208818
        
           | meelford wrote:
           | The top keys have 7 (incl colours) functions per key. So
           | cool!!
        
           | brulard wrote:
           | I got an Atari and I'm in tech. Why should that be any
           | different?
        
             | tcbawo wrote:
             | I assume he meant an Atari video game system rather than an
             | Atari personal computer.
        
               | GekkePrutser wrote:
               | Yeah I (or rather my parents) got an Atari 800XL and it
               | totally got me in tech. But yeah Atari was much better
               | known for its having consoles (5200 and 7800 I think). I
               | was never interested in those.
               | 
               | Especially because the Atari was very unpopular in
               | Europe. The C64 was king. That also made it more
               | expensive which was why I got the 800XL.
               | 
               | But it also meant much less software around which is how
               | I started programming.
        
               | headmelted wrote:
               | 100% this.
        
             | PapaSpaceDelta wrote:
             | For a lot of us Brits Sir Clive's machines were our first
             | glimpse of the future. If that doesn't sound like you, then
             | just stand aside while we mourn our hero.
        
             | headmelted wrote:
             | _EDIT: I should clarify I meant an Atari game system._
             | 
             | I was just talking about my own experience, but since you
             | ask (and I'm certain this will bore but you _did_ ask):
             | 
             | I got into tech due to having access to that computer, at
             | that time, in an environment that otherwise wouldn't have
             | been amenable to learning about it at all.
             | 
             | In my case - our family Spectrum was later replaced by a
             | SNES and after that a PS1. After the 48k, I didn't have
             | access to a PC at home for another decade, and wouldn't
             | have seen the point of saving enough to get it if not for
             | having the Spectrum.
             | 
             | If I had gotten an Atari to begin with I wouldn't have had
             | those experiences. I guess something else inspired you
             | along the way - for me it was this.
        
         | k__ wrote:
         | Haha, that's really wholesome.
         | 
         | I remember how I destroyed my first PC on the first day by
         | flipping a switch on the PSU before turning it on. Good times.
        
           | detritus wrote:
           | I did the same with my very first PC. For shame! I'd been
           | used to simpler 16bit and 8bit machines, including a
           | spectrum...
        
         | nanis wrote:
         | Mine was smuggled into the country due to currency crises and
         | import/export controls. I owe thanks to my mother for arranging
         | that so that I could graduate from writing programs using paper
         | and pencil to using an actual computer.
         | 
         | Thank you Psion's Horizons cassette for teaching me about
         | computer architecture. Thank you Toni Baker for teaching me Z80
         | assembly so I could program x86 with no problem.
         | 
         | But, thank you Sir Clive, above all, for making such an
         | affordable and approachable computer. What I learned on the
         | ZX81 and the ZX Spectrum is still with me.
        
           | ComodoHacker wrote:
           | In my country, there weren't any originals, even smuggled.
           | Clones were built and sold by local engineers, using smuggled
           | schematics and photocopies of circuit board layouts.
           | 
           | The one I first get my hands on as a kid was built by my
           | elder brother, an electronics engineer. I was so fascinated,
           | I remember secretly sneaking into his house when he was at
           | work to play the games.
           | 
           | He taught me electronics and encouraged me to understand the
           | schematics and build one for myself. And I eventually did,
           | but I got something wrong, and it worked unstable. I never
           | got patience to find the cause and get it right.
           | 
           | But I definitely got charmed by electronics and programming
           | because of this. Thank you, Sir Sinclair. And thank you, my
           | brother.
        
       | ridruejo wrote:
       | RIP. Like many others in here, the ZX Spectrum was my first
       | computer and I still have fond memories of that time.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | ianetaylor wrote:
       | Like so many I learned to code on a ZX80 and basically never
       | stopped. I'm here 40+ years later, typing this on a HoloLens and
       | marveling at the impact that little computer had on me and the
       | world. RIP Sir Clive
        
         | keithnz wrote:
         | My first experience of programming was on a ZX81, we also had a
         | thermal printer, I remember having this overwhelming sense of
         | possibilities watching that little printer work and becoming
         | fascinated with computers controlling machines. Much of my
         | career has been doing hardware/electronic/mechanical systems. I
         | have fond memories of those early times where it was an
         | exciting time where we devoured every word about computers.
        
       | the-dude wrote:
       | Although I was in the Acorn camp, my first home exposure was to a
       | friends ZX81. The keyboard!
       | 
       | In highschool, my physics teacher had a C5, which he could not
       | get 'road legal' in The Netherlands.
       | 
       | Great times. RIP.
        
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