[HN Gopher] EU Funding for Developer Tools for the Decentralized...
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       EU Funding for Developer Tools for the Decentralized Web
        
       Author : pimterry
       Score  : 233 points
       Date   : 2021-09-15 11:42 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (httptoolkit.tech)
 (TXT) w3m dump (httptoolkit.tech)
        
       | netcan wrote:
       | One thing "The EU" can do is provide demand. If they want to
       | promote ethereum, IPFS, or WebRTC... use them for their
       | activities in an open way.
       | 
       | One real difficulty here is the ability of open systems people to
       | communicate, lobby, advocate with governments. The reps, staffers
       | and ministerial professionals aren't that numerous, specialized
       | or inventive... usually. They basically work off ideas, prototype
       | plans and such that are provided by (usually corporate) industry
       | bodies and such.
       | 
       | Even sympathetic politicians or public servants don't have much
       | to go on. An Australian Shadow Secretary for rural development
       | can pull a bold, $1bn infrastructure plan straight off the shelf
       | in his parliamentary library and start talking it up the next
       | day. It'll typically come with a booklet explaining the main
       | ideas, easy to find allies/advocates. Etc. The "Decentralized
       | Web" section is a sparse mess.
        
         | Shadonototra wrote:
         | promote ethereum?
         | 
         | you mean promote speculators with tax payer money? so they can
         | sell their ETH and make ton of profit?
         | 
         | remove ethereum from your post, and i 100% agree with you
         | 
         | the fact that you included ethereum alongside IPFS and WebRTC
         | is very suspicious
         | 
         | i don't believe in "decentralized web" if people wants it
         | solely to make profit from 'trading' aka speculating
         | "decentralized coins" with fiat currency
         | 
         | before any decentralization, there should be a global
         | transparency act
         | 
         | so before doing anything, one should be able to know what your
         | portfolio consist of, to prevent any form of conflict of
         | interest
         | 
         | and even that i'm not sure that'll be enough to move forward
         | 
         | if it's to repeat what we lived, there is no reason to lie to
         | ourself into pretending things will change for the better
         | 
         | why do you want a "decentralized web"? to maximize your
         | profits? yeah no thanks
        
           | atatatat wrote:
           | Is it REALLY _speculation_ that humanity needs a digital way
           | to make microtransactions? (e.g. to replace ads)
           | 
           | And other new types of payment?
        
           | netcan wrote:
           | Those are the article's examples, not mine.
        
       | ThinkBeat wrote:
       | I think a definition of "Decentralized web" should mean is in
       | order.
       | 
       | The Internet/Arpa net was created to be decentralized from the
       | beginning.
       | 
       | If a node, or more nodes went down, the rest of the network may
       | be able to keep working.
       | 
       | If you, and me and all of our friends and all of their friends
       | all ran out own web servers from our homes it would be
       | decentralized to the extent that if a server disconnected all the
       | others would keep working.
       | 
       | The information on that server may be gone for all time.
       | 
       | The prevalence of enormously centralized monopolies on the
       | internet is not a result of its technical architecture, but
       | rather narrow business interests and a terminal lack of
       | regulation.
       | 
       | Now we are all using AOL v3. (Facebook, Twitter, Google etc).
       | 
       | It can get semantically confusing. Facebook is massively
       | distributed in some ways. Datacenters in several locations, CDNs
       | all over the place. It would take a hell of a lot (I think) to
       | blow Facebook off the web. Or maybe some servers centrally will
       | shut everything off it they are blown up.
       | 
       | IPFS is weird when taking about decentralized. Storage is not on
       | one big server located somewhere. It is distributed among many.
       | In theory if one goes down, the data is still available. but only
       | if the server/nodes that make up the IFPS network are reliable
       | and dependable.
       | 
       | If a lot of nodes are run from laptops that that are shutdown at
       | the end of the day that would become a significant problem.
       | 
       | Since more and more and more data would need to be stored in IPFS
       | the need for dependable storage servers will increase rapidly.
       | 
       | I would like a simpler approach more in line with the original
       | architecture, lots and lots of independent small servers. The
       | people who run them can mirror each other in some fashion to
       | persist data. Like FTP used to be (and maybe still is), like NNTP
       | used to be (and maybe still is)
        
         | fleddr wrote:
         | "The prevalence of enormously centralized monopolies on the
         | internet is not a result of its technical architecture, but
         | rather narrow business interests and a terminal lack of
         | regulation."
         | 
         | Neither business interests or regulation have anything to do
         | with something being centralized or not.
         | 
         | If you would launch "Thinkbeat's blog", in the traditional
         | sense of web publishing, it is 100% centralized. Regardless of
         | its size or your good or bad intentions.
         | 
         | You would be in full control of it. You could intentionally
         | retire the site, and all information and access is lost,
         | forever. You could accidentally do that by forgetting to pay a
         | bill.
         | 
         | Another scenario, you publish something fishy on your blog, and
         | get banned from the blogging platform, or whichever dependency
         | you rely on.
         | 
         | Further, all content on the blog is 100% owned by you, and none
         | of it by the users. So you would also own and control comments
         | to the blog, and arbitrarily edit or delete them.
         | 
         | You have 100% control on everything, and users none at all.
         | 
         | A decentralized version of your blog would be radically
         | different. You can't just retire it. You can't permanent delete
         | or overwrite prior entries. Commenters may actually own their
         | own comments.
         | 
         | I know, a blog is not a good example and a poor use case, just
         | saying that the decentralized web very much is a difference in
         | technical architecture.
        
         | pwdisswordfish8 wrote:
         | > Now we are all using AOL v3. (Facebook, Twitter, Google etc)
         | 
         | ...GitHub (the Facebook of software development)...
        
       | woodpanel wrote:
       | Of all the institutions to promote a uncensorable web it is the
       | EU?!
       | 
       | Talking about Gaslighting.
       | 
       | Who knows, it could be a gentle attempt at keeping talent from
       | leaving, or FOMO because every other important nation is doing
       | crypto-stuff and lastly, and naturally, the sheer incompetence of
       | this overextended bureaucracy where one tentacle doesn't know
       | what the other tentacles want to ban
        
         | akie wrote:
         | > the sheer incompetence of this overextended bureaucracy where
         | one tentacle doesn't know what the other tentacles want to ban
         | 
         | Tell me, which Murdoch newspaper have you been binging on?
        
         | mojzu wrote:
         | The EU is not a monolith, there are many groups within it
         | pushing different ideas. Some of them tech-friendly, some of
         | them not. From my layman's perspective though it seems as
         | though national governments who want to implement unpopular
         | tech policy will often try to push it through the EU first
         | because then they can deflect the criticism. Overall though I'd
         | say the EU has been okay at preventing the most extreme anti-
         | tech legislation, although it usually requires public
         | scrutiny/outcry to make them drop it
        
         | snthd wrote:
         | >where one tentacle doesn't know what the other tentacles want
         | to ban
         | 
         | William: "I'm sure we can all pull together, sir."
         | 
         | Vetinari: "Oh, I do hope not. Pulling together is the aim of
         | despotism and tyranny. Free men pull in all kinds of
         | directions."
         | 
         | -- Terry Pratchett, The Truth
        
       | superkuh wrote:
       | It's disappointing to see this project, like many other
       | decentralized web projects, has tunnel vision with respect to
       | "cool technologies". The real distributed web is not non-web
       | protocols, blockchains, or the like. The real distributed web is
       | _THE WEB_ HTTP servers and every single individual running their
       | own web server to host their content (and then syndicate on
       | whatever walled gardens are most profitable after).
       | 
       | Connections are fast enough. Computers are fast enough. Self
       | hosting is entirely viable and it cuts the gordian knot that is
       | the content moderation problem. If it's a static HTTP site then
       | there are almost no attack surfaces; it's magnitudes safer than
       | running JS from an arbitrary site in your browser.
       | 
       | These non-web protocols do not dencentralize. Lets start with
       | IPFS. It's a great idea but unfortunately, like other
       | security/anonymization layers, it relies mostly on centralizing
       | gateways to actually let people access content. Additionally it
       | is _design_ to disassociate people from their files. Not a great
       | start.
       | 
       | WebRTC is just the sickness of modern browser and in-browser
       | "app" architectures causing them to re-implement what already
       | exists in the host OS. But this time in the browser, the most
       | insecure piece of third party code running software there is.
       | 
       | And blockchains like etherium aren't even worth talking about
       | until they actually do switch over to proof of stake like they've
       | been talking about for the last decade and never doing. And even
       | then it directly involves monetary transactions which is sure to
       | make thing suck for everyone.
       | 
       | No, the decentralized web _is_ the decentalized _web_. And it 's
       | easy to be a part of it.
        
         | yann2 wrote:
         | Its not easy at all. Try it out with your family on your LAN.
         | 
         | People are used to so much convenience, its easy to brush under
         | the carpet, just how much work is happening behind the scenes.
         | Just coming up with a basic list of 3 mordern conveniences you
         | want to support for your family will be non trivial.
         | 
         | In fact, just try supporting one.
         | 
         | (Worked as an RA in a distributed systems lab back in the day,
         | and just getting everyone who proposed the algos and systems to
         | use them was a nightmare)
        
           | superkuh wrote:
           | Is my family on my LAN the target for decentralized web
           | projects? I figured it was more technical people that would
           | know how to forward a port. I've personally been running a
           | webserver from inside the LAN at home for 20 years now.
           | 
           | Lets not kid ourselves. The vast majority of people don't use
           | the web. They consume it. And they will never care about IPFS
           | or etherium layers. The distributed web is to create a refuge
           | from the types of companies that serve those needs. But
           | adding additional layers of abstraction doesn't help
           | technical users achieve that goal, it's just a fetish. They
           | can easily forward the port and set up a simple static
           | webserver and as a big plus their non-technical friends can
           | actually access the data.
        
         | MaxBarraclough wrote:
         | > No, the decentralized web is the decentalized web. And it's
         | easy to be a part of it.
         | 
         | The _IndieWeb_ community deserve a mention here, they 're all
         | about exactly this kind of thing: https://indieweb.org/
        
         | imglorp wrote:
         | > IPFS [...] relies mostly on centralizing gateways to actually
         | let people access content
         | 
         | No, IPFS does not need gateways: they are conveniences for
         | people that don't have ipfs:// support in their browser or run
         | a local daemon.
         | 
         | https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/ipfs-companion/nib...
         | 
         | https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/ipfs-companio...
         | 
         | https://brave.com/ipfs-support
        
           | superkuh wrote:
           | That's exactly what I said. I don't appreciate you twisting
           | my words to make a point. No one has IPFS support. I have
           | some IRC friends that are big in to it and they always link
           | the gateways because no one can access their content
           | otherwise.
        
             | imglorp wrote:
             | Yeah, but not no one. It's native in Brave and Opera Touch
             | now.
             | 
             | At some point those ^ extensions should be folded into
             | mainstream browsers unless Big Content pushes against it.
        
         | cookiengineer wrote:
         | I agree with your arguments completely, and I've come to
         | similar conclusions (except with dat and ipfs) when I decided
         | how to build my peer to peer web browser network.
         | 
         | Unfortunately, in the real world peer to peer is a different
         | problem due to carrier-grade NATs everywhere. I have to
         | implement malware-like exfiltration and smuggling techniques in
         | order to build an end to end encrypted network, because pretty
         | much down the infrastructure is unreliable and manipulated by
         | ISPs wherever they can, including unencrypted DNS or even DNS
         | via TLS ports being blocked completely off the internet. [1]
         | 
         | Without those protocol in protocol techniques there'll always
         | be a single point of failure, like with all "dApps" that are
         | actually just gatekeepers on a centralized domain as a point of
         | entry for their network. Those usually can be blocked off so
         | easily that it's ridiculous to call them decentralized.
         | 
         | Somehow, between the 2000s and now, the internet got so
         | crippled for endusers that it boggles my mind how that happened
         | without resistance.
         | 
         | [1] https://github.com/tholian-network
        
         | lxpz wrote:
         | Thank you for stating this. I absolutely agree with you, and
         | this is what we are trying to do with the Deuxfleurs collective
         | which is also getting funded by the EU to work on our project
         | Garage [0, 1]. We are working on making self-hosting easier,
         | and also more reliable, by exploiting geographical redundancy
         | [2]. We will use the grant money mostly to develop Garage, our
         | self-hosted data server (an object store implementing the S3
         | protocol, and soon also an email inbox server with IMAP
         | access). We are also working on automating opening ports on
         | your router to get around NAT (with our project DiploNAT [3]),
         | and on facilitating distributed deployments with the Nomad
         | orchestrator. Our vision is to help technical users set up
         | local self-hosting collectives by setting up servers at three
         | or four geographical locations for redundancy, which can then
         | be used by their friends, neighbors, etc. We are of course very
         | keen on deploying federated protocols such as Matrix to link
         | all of these communities together.
         | 
         | [0] https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr
         | 
         | [1] https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/infrastructure
         | 
         | [2]
         | https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/src/branch/main/...
         | 
         | [3] https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/diplonat
         | 
         | Not linking our main website because it's in French.
        
           | tifadg1 wrote:
           | For an outsider, yet one that has a soft spot for
           | decentralization, I can't understand what niche the projects
           | are solving.
           | 
           | Technical users can already rent a vps for very cheap and do
           | it there. HA works only as well as it was tailored to - no
           | generic solutions will change that, unless they impose harsh
           | complexity.
           | 
           | Who are the potential users?
        
       | dusted wrote:
       | How is the web not already decentralized? everyone's got an IP
       | address and is free to plug in a server at home.. If the EU
       | should do anything, it should be require by law that any Internet
       | connection comes with a non-carrier-gade-natted ip address, and
       | that it can be made static if the customer desires, for free.
        
         | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
         | Yeah, this ain't gonna happen. Telecoms in Europe are way to
         | tightly politically connected (at least in Germany and Austria)
         | to force them into stuff like this.
         | 
         | Plus, most consumers here don't care about their IP status
         | (most don't know what an IP is), they mostly care if they can
         | stream YouTube and play Fortnite good enough on their
         | connection.
         | 
         | I wish we could force (and fund) telecoms to extend their fiber
         | network as at least in Germany and Austria it's awful, like
         | going back in Eastern Europe but 15 years in the past.
        
         | jitix wrote:
         | This! Legislating for network infrastructure upgrades and IPv6
         | adoption will go a long way towards decentralization.
         | 
         | The market will produce a bunch of privacy focused "Facebook in
         | a box" kind of products on top of such infrastructure.
        
         | dylkil wrote:
         | This is funding for developer tools for building decentralised
         | services
        
         | magila wrote:
         | The web as a whole is decentralized, but the HTTP URL scheme
         | can only reference assets through a single authoritative
         | hostname (or IP address). Thus the ability to retrieve a
         | particular asset is always beholden to a single, privledged
         | entity. When people talk about the "decentralized web" they are
         | generally talking about combining a means of referencing assets
         | in a self-authenticating manner (e.g. using cryptographic
         | hashes and signatures) with a way a retrieving those assets
         | which does not rely on a privledged authority (e.g. using a DHT
         | and a P2P transfer protocol).
        
           | openfuture wrote:
           | Precisely. The internet is all the protocols, the web is
           | HTTP(S), the dweb would be protocols like bittorrent and now
           | with zero knowledge proofs we can hash executions of programs
           | also...
           | 
           | The biggest problem is how do you prove your right to
           | participation? Proof of work and proof of stake are both
           | laughably inadequate. Machine learning things are being
           | applied incorrectly imo but it'll converge eventually.
        
       | drKarl wrote:
       | IPFS is pretty awesome, and the ideas it builds upon like a
       | Merkle tree DAG are really cool. I love the idea of DApps or
       | Decentralized apps. I've played with some cool projects like
       | MetaMask etc. But I really don't like the idea that all (most?)
       | DApps are based on Ethereum and require huge amounts of Gas to
       | run. Can't we have DApps without Blockchain/Ethereum?
       | 
       | I know IPFS doesn't use Ethereum, and neither do things like SSB
       | (Secure Scuttlebutt, based on the gossip protocol) but the
       | biggest ecosystem of DApps is based on Ethereum and requires
       | gas...
        
         | Geee wrote:
         | There's RGB which is built on Bitcoin Lightning Network. [0]
         | It's not ready for use yet.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.rgbfaq.com/what-is-rgb
        
         | exdsq wrote:
         | Not looking to get into a crypto-war with anyone, but I suggest
         | looking at Cardano which just launched smart contracts. They
         | have much more reasonable gas requirements that are calculated
         | upfront, and there's a lot of space for innovation as they
         | released this week. Fun reason to look into Haskell too.
        
         | opatdchan wrote:
         | >But I really don't like the idea that all (most?) DApps are
         | based on Ethereum and require huge amounts of Gas to run. Can't
         | we have DApps without Blockchain/Ethereum?
         | 
         | Previous generation dapps were mostly on Ethereum because it
         | was the only real solution available. But the ecosystem is
         | maturing, there are chains that consume so little gas it's
         | effectively a negligible cost, and more and more dapps are
         | making use of them. Not to mention that Eth 2.0 is coming
         | soon(tm).
        
           | esperent wrote:
           | >there are chains that consume so little gas it's effectively
           | a negligible cost, and more and more dapps are making use of
           | them
           | 
           | Can you give some examples? How far along is the development?
        
             | PretzelPirate wrote:
             | It's important to note that these chains that are cheaper
             | to use have to make trade offs to enable that. The trade
             | off they choose is generally to be more centralized. A
             | better approach over using a new "cheap" blockchain is to
             | use a Rollup network on top of a decentralized blockchain.
             | 
             | Rollups inherit the security of the blockchain they are
             | based on, and a user can always leave the rollup network if
             | they become censored.
             | 
             | The downside of current Optimistic Rollup networks is that
             | many still have centralized points of control in place
             | (such as arbitrary contract upgrades), but those are
             | expected to be removed in the next few months for at least
             | one of them.
             | 
             | Zero-Knowledge rollups are also coming out and have key
             | advantages over Optimistic Rollups, including much lower
             | costs.
        
               | pcthrowaway wrote:
               | DAG based networks (rather than blockchains) such as
               | Fantom and Avalanche seem to be emerging as a way to
               | address scalability issues found on blockchain-based
               | smart contract platforms. Currently, Fantom is doing more
               | transactions per day than Ethereum, with gas costing 1-2
               | cents for simple transactions and 1-6 cents for smart
               | contract interactions.
               | 
               | The tradeoff, based on my understanding, is that there's
               | not as much resilience to node outages (on both of these,
               | 33% of validators by stake concentration going down could
               | lead to block production halting)
        
             | opatdchan wrote:
             | I'll speak for myself, as I just finished developing a
             | fully functional dapp on the Polygon blockchain.
             | Transactions are usually confirmed <30s (not fantastic, but
             | acceptable) and cost less than $0.0001 worth of gas each.
             | There are also other solutions which may work better for
             | certain dapps. For example there is Arbitrum, which has
             | much higher gas costs but instantaneous confirmation times.
             | Regardless, the ecosystem is moving fast, improvements are
             | always coming soon(tm) and new solutions are popping up all
             | the time. But what's right here, right now is already good
             | enough to be usable.
        
         | whitepaint wrote:
         | Polygon
        
         | zwarag wrote:
         | I guess http://gun.js.org/ goes into that direction.
        
           | searchableguy wrote:
           | I looked into their [0]codebase and I'm concerned about
           | stability and maintenance.
           | 
           | 0] https://github.com/amark/gun
           | 
           | https://github.com/amark/gun/blob/master/src/chain.js
        
           | gardnr wrote:
           | I was investigating GUN for a project last year. The core
           | developer, Mark Nadal, is really inviting and responsive. The
           | project does a good job of publishing numbers and research to
           | prove the technology is a viable option to classic
           | centralised architecture that developers are currently paid
           | to produce. Definitely worth a look.
        
         | Ruphin wrote:
         | Only operations that change the state of the Ethereum network
         | require gas. You can use an application and as long as you only
         | perform read operations, you don't require any gas.
         | 
         | For example, in a decentralized Youtube-like application, you
         | can browse and watch videos without using any gas. You would
         | only need gas if you wanted to add content to the system, like
         | uploading a video or posting a comment.
         | 
         | If such an application required no cost to write data, what
         | would protect the system against spam? Who would bear the costs
         | of operating the application?
        
         | cdiddy2 wrote:
         | It is hard to get away from a gas based system because of spam
         | and resource limitations.
         | 
         | Regarding the expensiveness there are a lot of new technologies
         | rolling out today such as optimistic rollups(arbitrum/optimism)
         | and zkrollups(dydx,zksync) that allow for cheaper dapps to run.
         | Then there is also things like Avalanche or Solana that are
         | completely separate chains with different decentralization
         | trade offs that allow for cheaper transactions. The space is
         | still going through rapid advancement and experimentation.
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | > It is hard to get away from a gas based system because of
           | spam and resource limitations.
           | 
           | I went to a Hyperledger workshop just to get a more objective
           | opinion on it.
           | 
           | All the demo functions were showing us how it was possible to
           | threads and put the state on an internal blockchain, but that
           | all nodes had to run the threaded functions we wrote.
           | 
           |  _hmmmm, why is this taking so long_ , oh because everyone in
           | the class was spamming the nodes with arbitrary executions!
           | with no anti-spam resource it was as actually dumb as the
           | theory suggested.
           | 
           | that said, I've come to accept that _the market can bear_
           | many things in the distributed ledger space, so even if other
           | theoretical solutions can make participants cooperate, an out
           | of the box solution is here that the world is selling so hard
           | that it is easy to sell itself.
        
         | pcthrowaway wrote:
         | There are a bunch of EVM-compatible platforms that can host
         | dapps now, and many projects are running cross-chain or have
         | equivalent projects on those. Personally I think Fantom is
         | worth taking a look at (and as a disclaimer I hold some); it
         | already is handling more transactions per day than Ethereum and
         | has a massive dapp ecosystem, NFT marketplaces, etc. Gas fees
         | are typically 1-2 cents (simple transactions) or 2-6 cents
         | (contract interactions)
         | 
         | Others worth looking at would be Avalanche (also PoS and DAG-
         | based) or Polygon/Matic (which is L2)
         | 
         | Further away from Ethereum, the launch of smart contracts on
         | Cardano from a few days ago is the beginning of dapps there as
         | well. The fees on Cardano are getting to be prohibitive for
         | casual usage unfortunately (minimum $0.50 per transaction), but
         | what's nice is that the fees are deterministic, and you can't
         | have a failed transaction that consumes or runs out of 'gas'
         | without finishing (though they don't actually use gas)
         | 
         | (further disclaimer, I actually hold some of all of the above +
         | Ethereum... but I guess it's fair to say I hold these because
         | of the potential of what they're doing)
        
         | natural219 wrote:
         | You absolutely don't need some crypto-based financial scheme to
         | run decentralized web applications. Just some kind of open
         | standard & a set of motivations and incentives to keep the
         | system running and improving.
         | 
         | American ideas of decentralization tend to make the root
         | assumption that financial incentives are the only thing that
         | drive human motivation, so almost every decentralization
         | project gets "blockchained" eventually, at which point progress
         | on the core standards or applications gets halted because the
         | attention, focus, and energy shifts to figuring out the myriad,
         | predictable problems with adding "operate a global financial
         | system" to your JIRA tickets.
         | 
         | I don't really know any way out of this bottleneck for
         | Americans; they're simply too obsessed with complicated
         | financial schemes to make clear progress on usable dApps.
         | 
         | I have slightly more hope for Europeans; if you notice the
         | Matrix project has been chugging along for years, with millions
         | of users, and is poised to actually compete with big tech
         | products via traditional funding and company operation, like
         | normal people.
        
           | oleganza wrote:
           | What you call "american ideas" is the only thing that works
           | in the anonymous environment. Communal solidarity works fine
           | in small social groups where "having something at stake" that
           | keeps people cooperate honestly is measured in many things
           | beyond money, which includes the multi-faceted hard-to-
           | quantify reputation. But if you want random people to
           | cooperate on the internet, you can't have any of those
           | properties but stupid cold cash.
           | 
           | And, if you try to recreate reputation mechanisms, consider
           | how exposed people would be with persistent perfectly precise
           | digital identification of their cooperation efforts whenever
           | such efforts cross interests of some other group. In non-
           | internet life a lot of things are understood and agreed upon
           | without making those decisions public. Even in private
           | contracts, parties prefer that the details of the contract to
           | remain known only to themselves unless (in rare and
           | unfortunate circumstances) their dispute warrants
           | participation of an arbiter.
        
             | someguyorother wrote:
             | > What you call "american ideas" is the only thing that
             | works in the anonymous environment.
             | 
             | What about BitTorrent or its various file-sharing
             | predecessors? It has no cash, they had no cash. Or Tor?
             | Exit nodes don't demand money as compensation from
             | attracting the attention of people in authority.
        
           | Geee wrote:
           | Someone has to pay for the resources. If you're going to
           | compete with Facebook, then someone has to pay for billions
           | of dollars worth of infrastructure. Voluntarist P2P can work
           | to an extent when everyone donates their computer to the
           | task, but a better way is to allow people to pay and let
           | experts run the nodes. People get better quality service, and
           | experts can make a living by providing the service.
           | 
           | Voluntarist networks can't guarantee quality of service. You
           | just get what you get. If you want to have 1 Gbps downloads
           | and 100% content availability, you have to pay someone to
           | provide that.
        
             | natural219 wrote:
             | I 100% get that, and fwiw I'm fully supportive of any
             | scheme that eventually works out to fund traditional app
             | development.
             | 
             | I admit I was more skeptical in ~2017 when these grand
             | claims were made, and it seemed like you needed to be
             | deeply up-to-date with latest crypto happenings to be able
             | to navigate the 'blockchain dApp' world.
             | 
             | I'm very supportive and admiring of things like Protocol
             | Labs, which have put their money where their mouth is to
             | translate the windfall from the Filecoin IPO into projects
             | that make more sense to my traditional webapp brain, like
             | the latest Matrix. So genuine kudos to everyone involved,
             | I'm happy that this model exists and the ecosystem does
             | eventually deliver in some cases.
        
       | butz wrote:
       | How to get EU funding for a new, intependent browser engine and
       | internet browser?
        
         | cookiengineer wrote:
         | ...the internet browser has to be based on a blockchain,
         | otherwise the NGI fund won't accept it.
         | 
         | Source: wanted to apply with my Web Browser that is peer to
         | peer but doesn't go with the blockchain hypetrain.
        
           | ognarb wrote:
           | I have a project that is currently funded by ngi and it has
           | nothing to do with Blockchain...
        
             | cookiengineer wrote:
             | On the open calls page [1] it seems that the only open fund
             | in the context of a web browser is the one related to
             | search and discovery.
             | 
             | All the other ones specifically mention blockchain based
             | technologies.
             | 
             | Or did your project get funded by NLNet directly via
             | another fund?
             | 
             | [1] https://www.ngi.eu/opencalls/
        
       | mhitza wrote:
       | Got a bit of envy for the people that get funds/grants for their
       | idea. I'm always "lucky" enough to find the call for proposals
       | that match my skills and interest past their closing date. Must
       | be a sign :)
        
         | Vinnl wrote:
         | NGI0 is relatively often, and relatively approachable (though
         | not major sums, usually), so there's almost always a call open.
         | I got a grant through them and found the process very
         | approachable, which I can't say of almost every other grant-
         | giving organisation.
         | 
         | See https://nlnet.nl/NGI0/ and consider following them on
         | Mastodon: https://mastodon.xyz/@ngizero
        
         | black_puppydog wrote:
         | These NGI grants come around quite regularly. I'm sure they
         | have a newsletter. :)
        
         | mariusor wrote:
         | I always look at the problem as the people that actually build
         | cool tech don't really have the time to find grants and submit
         | proposals. I personally haven't really seen something concrete
         | and useful coming out from someone that has won one.
        
       | wb14123 wrote:
       | I never really understand the hype behind blockchain related
       | technologies. The low transaction throughput, high compute
       | resource demands makes it pretty unusable in most cases. Lots of
       | workaround either has security problem or violated the idea of
       | decentralization of blockchain, which makes it meaningless to use
       | blockchain. Oh, there is also PoS which doesn't need CPU for
       | mining, but doesn't anyone think it's irony that it makes rich
       | people richer?
       | 
       | Decentralization doesn't mean there shouldn't be one or some
       | centralized nodes. That means open protocol, and server cannot
       | control everything (for example, with end to end encryption). So
       | that anyone can run the server, and user can use the service
       | without trust the server.
       | 
       | Most importantly, non regulation doesn't always mean good.
       | Otherwise why we need law and government? Why not live in the
       | wild west and let strong people kill weak people? Why not let big
       | company play the monopoly?
        
         | abetusk wrote:
         | Cryptocurrency uses the blockchain as a fundamental building
         | block. For good faith proponents of cryptocurrencies, the
         | appeal is that they provide the potential to do low friction
         | digital payments (e.g. "micropayments"), reduce the barrier to
         | entry to participate in financial transactions and allow for a
         | single, global unifying currency.
         | 
         | You may disagree that Bitcoin, or any other cryptocurrency, has
         | the potential to do this or whether it can actually do this,
         | but that's the appeal.
         | 
         | Proof of Work (PoW) is probably necessary for a decentralized
         | currency [0]. Proof of Stake (PoS) can be a valid
         | cryptocurrency but fails in it's centralization criteria [1].
         | 
         | The Lightning network provides a layer-2 solution to payments,
         | increasing transaction throughput and, thus, reducing PoW
         | energy usage [2]. This might get into centralization territory
         | but maybe this is a happy compromise between energy usage,
         | throughput and centralization. In some sense, we have many
         | "layer-2" like structures on the internet, with DNS caching,
         | replication and load balancing etc.
         | 
         | > Most importantly, non regulation doesn't always mean good.
         | Otherwise why we need law and government? Why not live in the
         | wild west and let strong people kill weak people? Why not let
         | big company play the monopoly?
         | 
         | As a counterpoint, regulation isn't always a good thing when
         | it's been captured by hedge funds, oil companies,
         | pharmaceutical companies or other special interests.
         | 
         | I'm having a hard time understanding if the line "Why not let
         | big company play the monopoly?" was meant to be rhetorical in
         | the affirmative or the negative. Are you suggesting that
         | company monopolies are a good thing? Or are you suggesting that
         | a decentralized currency unseating what is essentially the
         | current banking monopoly is a bad thing?
         | 
         | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZDGliHwstM8&t=490s
         | 
         | [1] https://github.com/libbitcoin/libbitcoin-
         | system/wiki/Proof-o...
         | 
         | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning_Network
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Geee wrote:
         | It's becoming clear that decentralized blockchain isn't worth
         | it for anything else than solving the trust issues in monetary
         | and banking systems, which Bitcoin does.
         | 
         | Meanwhile, the altcoin "crypto industry" is becoming more and
         | more like a casino and not even trying to solve anything. These
         | people just chase profits, without even thinking of use cases
         | any more. Decentralization isn't important any more;
         | decentralization is old and the next buzzword is more valuable.
         | There are the glorious leaders, the influencers, and the fans.
         | Everyone is doing their part to perpetrate the scam for their
         | own profit.
        
           | dmitriid wrote:
           | > isn't worth it for anything else than solving the trust
           | issues in monetary and banking systems, which Bitcoin does.
           | 
           | No, it doesn't solve that.
        
         | themolecularman wrote:
         | I like crypto, but damn it's inefficient and costly.
         | 
         | Even the crypto that's newer than Bitcoin (all of it?) and
         | therefore more efficient (not proof-of-work/stake?) is still
         | not efficient in cost/time/other-resources/etc.
        
           | milansuk wrote:
           | >inefficient and costly
           | 
           | That is the best part of today's blockchains - huge space for
           | improvements! I don't see the same opportunity in centralized
           | services/protocols which are kind of "done" and control by
           | few big tech companies with so many resources, which they use
           | to keep that control.
        
         | vkk8 wrote:
         | I'm also puzzled by the fact that EU is funding this. Usually
         | states and state-like entities are exactly the ones who don't
         | want people to use decentralized technologies, because they
         | often make laws difficult or impossible to enforce.
         | 
         | In fact, wanting to circumvent laws is the only reason why
         | people en mass would ever want to use decentralized
         | technologies. I'm not necessarily always against this (there
         | are some really stupid laws that should be broken), but I'm
         | pretty annoyed by how people try to pretend that there is
         | demand for these technologies for any other reason.
        
           | anigbrowl wrote:
           | Then again, perhaps political tropes about the role and
           | motivations of state actors only partly capture reality, and
           | the dynamics of public vs private interests are not
           | necessarily zero-sum games.
        
           | angelzen wrote:
           | EU is way behind in tech. Centralized web means centralized
           | web in US or China. Probably the push for decentralized web
           | will fail, but at least it appears that EU does _something_
           | to reduce dependence on foreign superpowers.
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | The EU could also subsidize centralized EU-based tech. What
             | are the largest tech companies in the US and China based
             | around? Ads, payments, cloud computing, and media
             | consumption ("FAANG"). Europe already has solid, utility-
             | priced payment infrastructure. Ads are arguably toxic
             | (especially Facebook), and cloud computing is relatively
             | straightforward to implement with talent and funding.
             | 
             | Europe could even take a page from China and use regulation
             | to strongly encourage European customers and businesses to
             | not use US products and services (GDPR, for example).
        
               | pkos98 wrote:
               | > The EU could also subsidize centralized EU-based tech
               | [...] cloud computing is relatively straightforward to
               | implement with talent and funding.
               | 
               | Exactly this is already happening with Gaia-X[0]. Its
               | mostly pushed by German companies, along with French
               | ones. But because of huge involvement of Deutsche
               | Telekom, BMW and such I dont have high expectations.
               | 
               | 0: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAIA-X
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | I agree with the degree of your expectations. Europe
               | needs a DARPA/YC model led by doers, not entrenched
               | corporate interests or bureaucrats. Europe and America
               | are their own worst enemies, in different ways.
        
           | native_samples wrote:
           | The EU sprays grant money around like candy. They'll fund
           | more or less anything that appeals to academic sensibilities
           | - at the scale it subsidizes things there's no time to
           | consider the impact on political strategy.
           | 
           | This one was pitched as, "a European initiative for a Human
           | Internet that respects the fundamental values of privacy,
           | participation and diversity". So the EU would have just seen
           | the buzzwords "privacy" and "diversity" and said great, have
           | some money.
        
             | anigbrowl wrote:
             | Sounds awful (/s)
        
       | wisethrowaway1 wrote:
       | How will bureaucrats burn the next few billions of taxpayer
       | money?
       | 
       | * spins roulette *
        
         | wisethrowaway1 wrote:
         | Bitcoin!
         | 
         | Devtools!
         | 
         | How about lowering taxes? Have they ever considered aligning
         | with the rest of the world to make it easier to do business, or
         | they pretend to succeed being approximately the most hostile
         | region for businesses?
        
           | wisethrowaway1 wrote:
           | Will they do something about the fact that when YC (to put a
           | very random example) invests, they ask the recipient to move
           | to US as EU regulatory environment is extremely hostile to
           | startups?
        
             | Kbelicius wrote:
             | What part of the EU regulatory environment is extremely
             | hostile to startup? I really don't know but if I had to
             | guess my guess would be worker rights and regulators that
             | are unwilling to let startups enter whatever industry doing
             | whatever they want while disregarding established rules.
             | Happy to be corrected.
        
           | netcan wrote:
           | Please relax. You don't have to leave your politics out of
           | it, but you can't just start slinging it around
           | belligerently. Stick to context. Be polite.
        
             | xondono wrote:
             | Belligerently? He is just rising a point.
             | 
             | Government "innovation" subsidies move a lot of money into
             | shinny "new" ideas, but in EU there's no thought about how
             | to create innovation itself.
             | 
             | Just as an example, a friend of mine roasts coffee for a
             | living. He is considering closing shop, because he is
             | succeeding too much. At the point he is, he'll be required
             | to register as a business, which in Spain means he will
             | have to pay ~300$ a month whether he makes money or not,
             | plus 20% VAT and 20% in income taxes. Add to it the massive
             | amount of time he'll have to spend in paperwork (or paying
             | someone another 100$/mo for handling it). Another good side
             | job that will go to waste, instead of growing into a
             | company. And it's by no means an exception. I've work for
             | tens of companies here, _all of them_ have admitted to be
             | flunking regulations intentionally to avoid costs during
             | their creation to be able to exist.
        
               | throwaway739 wrote:
               | Do you realize you are saying that companies shouldn't
               | pay any taxes?
        
               | xondono wrote:
               | No I'm not, I'm saying that some tax systems make no
               | sense. The only way to create a company in Spain is to
               | flunk regulations. Some are meaningless and people ignore
               | them all the time, some aren't.
               | 
               | Another example. When escape rooms we're trending, me and
               | some friends considered building one. One of the partners
               | didn't want to get into trouble on it, so he wanted
               | everything by the book.
               | 
               | Spanish regulation requires a business to specify their
               | "economic activity" with a codified value. The list is in
               | the thousands, with a lot of non defined ambiguous terms.
               | 
               | Evidently "escape room" was new, so it wasn't on the list
               | (and it still isn't). The closest was "gambling
               | business", which of course a escape room isn't. It also
               | has a lot more paperwork and additional taxes.
               | 
               | Faced with this conundrum, we went around to the 3 or 4
               | escape rooms that were near enough to visit and asked
               | them. Some of them just wrote a random number and called
               | it a day. One of them was registered as a butchers...
               | 
               | The legal exposure it represented was simply too big and
               | we abandoned the idea. _there was no good reason for that
               | legal exposure_.
               | 
               | The statistics then are hardly surprising. Unemployment
               | here is >14%, just to name one.
        
               | PaywallBuster wrote:
               | not really, you can run the business on your name and pay
               | personal income taxes.
               | 
               | Avoiding to create a separate entity which will carry
               | additional compliance and tax costs is something else
               | altogether, and some governments just make it too onerous
        
               | nottorp wrote:
               | > but in EU there's no thought about how to create
               | innovation itself.
               | 
               | You mean "innovation" like the predatory monopolies that
               | tend to form in "business friendly" jurisdictions?
               | 
               | Just a random example because I had the page open:
               | 
               | https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2021/09/big-isps-
               | fight-t...
               | 
               | So much innovation...
               | 
               | Edit: the EU does have a problem with barriers to entry
               | when starting a new business without gobs of funding, but
               | the US solution is not a good answer to that.
        
         | zoobab wrote:
         | A new chip foundry entirely paid with tax payers money, and
         | where the profits will go to a private corporation? (the
         | 'socialize losses, privatize profits')
         | 
         | https://twitter.com/EIF4eu/status/1438041794940395523
         | 
         | "The @EU_Commission announced a new European Chips Act, in
         | order to jointly create a state-of-the-art European #chip
         | ecosystem including production."
        
           | notimetorelax wrote:
           | At this point with chip shortages it's in EU's interest to
           | attract businesses to build it. Even if it costs us to build
           | it, overall we'll benefit from it. How much is lost due to
           | stopped Audi plants?
        
             | zoobab wrote:
             | "attract businesses to build it"
             | 
             | I am wondering how that will work with the current "state
             | aid" framework.
             | 
             | The current crisis is an opportunity to empty the public
             | coffins, full of state aids everywhere, especially to large
             | corporations, and send the bill afterwards to the people
             | that have to pick up the bill. No thank you.
             | 
             | As for cars, we don't need those chips, cars were fine
             | before without all those useless electronics.
        
               | throwaway59553 wrote:
               | >As for cars, we don't need those chips, cars were fine
               | before without all those useless electronics. But how
               | will they make sure you need to have your car checked
               | every 12 months and bill you for some vague "electronic
               | component"?
        
           | wisethrowaway1 wrote:
           | The EU Commission is desperate to find niches where it
           | becomes an essential dealmaker.
           | 
           | To their dismay, after 50 years of trying hard, they are
           | still an irrelevant institution economically, a net negative
           | for businesses and individuals.
           | 
           | The chip industry will and can sort their issues perfectly on
           | it's own. In fact one of the top chipmakers is already
           | European, and they are doing extremely well, they don't need
           | any political help.
        
           | throwaway59553 wrote:
           | It's either a private firm that will keep all the profits,
           | instead of sharing a part, as if paying a loan or royalties,
           | beyond paying wages for the created jobs, or a bunch of
           | University teachers that have no clue about managing a
           | company.
        
         | JW1800 wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaero
        
         | nickik wrote:
         | Among all the things the EU waste money on this is not even in
         | the Top 1000 of things that should not be done.
         | 
         | Fundamental research into next generation technology that is
         | also open source seems like the exact kind of thing governments
         | should be doing.
        
       | wisethrowaway1 wrote:
       | Classic politician.
       | 
       | They take 50% or more of your income, and then give back 1%, and
       | then ask us to thank them!
        
       | shrimpx wrote:
       | With apologies to my European friends (I'm also European), this
       | article illustrates how the EU is a second rate sucker in
       | technology. While they boast and believe that they're cutting
       | edge because they're investing in Blockchain, the likely reality
       | is that they're jumping on a false trend and Blockchain and its
       | thousands of buzzwords will fizzle out, as it's sustained only by
       | fomo and speculation.
        
         | y4mi wrote:
         | As neither webrtc nor ipfs have anything to do with the
         | Blockchain I'm guessing your talking about their Ethereum focus
         | and I have to agree. but you have to admit that eth probably
         | sounds like a great idea for non programmers.
         | 
         | Implementing smart contacts that do non trivial stuff is just
         | basically impossible, but it's a very interesting concept to
         | run code if it were.
         | 
         | Non-programmers just don't really realize how error riddled the
         | average software is, so they get caught on the promise itself.
        
           | tick_tock_tick wrote:
           | I think they are calling out to the IPFS and Filecoin
           | relationship. The projects used to be much closer but have
           | move apart.
           | 
           | https://docs.filecoin.io/about-filecoin/ipfs-and-filecoin/
        
         | 908B64B197 wrote:
         | I'm curious who oversees these expenditures, and what their
         | qualifications are.
         | 
         | Governments typically have sub-par IT and software engineering
         | (when done in house). When it's venture capital, investors are
         | playing with their own money*, so there's a good incentive to
         | be right and pick the right people/tech. But here, it seems
         | like it's bureaucrats that are going to be deciding what to
         | invest in, isn't it?
         | 
         | DARPA got it right a couple of times in the past, so I could be
         | wrong.
        
         | RealStickman_ wrote:
         | That's only one of the protocols they're funding though. The
         | others being IPFS and WebRTC.
        
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