[HN Gopher] World's Top Beef Supplier Approves Methane-Busting C...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       World's Top Beef Supplier Approves Methane-Busting Cow Feed
        
       Author : montalbano
       Score  : 133 points
       Date   : 2021-09-11 12:03 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bloomberg.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bloomberg.com)
        
       | gandalfian wrote:
       | On the plus side beef is an original superfood not only a
       | complete protein with a full set of amino acids but also a highly
       | compact dense efficiently transportable protein. Plus a byproduct
       | is ice cream! Moderation required certainly. But for the good of
       | my health and food transport carbon emissions I for one am
       | prepared to fall on the occasional steak...
        
         | humaniania wrote:
         | Probably because cows are mammals and are very similar to
         | humans. For example they have families and feelings and think
         | and play. How would you feel if a more advanced species decided
         | to treat humans how many humans treat cows?
        
           | bagacrap wrote:
           | It's entirely possible this is happening, just in a way that
           | we're not aware of, a la The Matrix. So I guess I feel
           | ambivalent about it. Ignorance is bliss.
        
           | inportb wrote:
           | The same way a captive vegetable feels, I imagine.
           | Intermittently amputated. Never fully allowed to heal. You
           | grow as much you could, only to be cut down again at the next
           | harvest.
        
         | irrational wrote:
         | I think beef and dairy cows are different, right? I wonder what
         | percentage are dairy versus beef?
        
           | purplerabbit wrote:
           | Depends. Cheap meat (think: McDonalds) is made from dairy
           | cows that are too old to keep producing milk.
        
           | tengbretson wrote:
           | They don't end up grading good enough for a high end steak,
           | but when they're done with their milk producing days, they
           | all go to the same place.
        
       | while1fork wrote:
       | How about reducing beef production for all of the other problems
       | it causes besides climate change? Antibiotic resistance,
       | pandemics, supply-chain fossil fuel demands, deforestation,
       | resource waste (water and calories), animal cruelty, and
       | air/water/soil pollution.
        
       | diego_moita wrote:
       | 1.Sorry for the cynicism, but this approval is by Jair
       | Bolsonaro's government, perhaps the most relevant Global Warming
       | denier today. If it were meaningful it wouldn't be approved.
       | 
       | 2. The overwhelming majority of beef production in Brazil is done
       | by small producers that just don't care and are Bolsonaro's main
       | supporters. The main problem with them is not even methane cow
       | flatulence, is deforestation of the rain forest for making
       | pastures.
       | 
       | 3. The beef importers that could put some pressure on Brazil
       | (e.g.: European Union) already gave up on importing Brazilian
       | beef (since Bolsonaro began insulting Angela Merkel an Macron's
       | wife).
       | 
       | 4. JBS, the main beef processing company in the world, might use
       | this as window dressing and to present a polished image overseas.
       | But they're powerless to inspect how ranchers handle their
       | cattle.
        
       | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-Nitrooxypropanol
       | 
       | Wish the article had included this info about what exactly it is,
       | but it seems like most articles these days are written for
       | someone with a kindergarten level understanding of science.
       | 
       | Interestingly if you do this to a young calf it seems to change
       | the microflora that develop in the digestive system, perhaps
       | permanently even.
       | 
       | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-82084-9
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | > it seems like most articles these days are written for
         | someone with a kindergarten level understanding of science.
         | 
         | The Gell-Mann Amnesia effect may have only been coined 19 years
         | ago, but this type of problem has been with us basically
         | forever.
        
       | lcam84 wrote:
       | Is on this kind of measures where jevons paradox or the rebound
       | effect kicks in. We will inclined to eat more meat because is
       | more sustainable, and with that we neutralize the gains. Also
       | meat from Brazil is many times dependent on Amazon deforestation,
       | so although I love picanha, I will not eat it anymore. For those
       | in Europe please press your government not to ratify the EU-
       | Mercosul agreement that will increase the trade of soy meat and
       | ethanol in exchange for Europe export more cars to America
       | Latina. We should avoid meat and individual transports and try to
       | invest in the local economy so this agreement doesn't make any
       | sense
        
         | Izikiel43 wrote:
         | > not to ratify the EU-Mercosul agreement
         | 
         | I.e., let's keep poor people poor.
        
         | tootie wrote:
         | Decreasing methane emissions is great but it doesn't solve the
         | land and water use problems. This will blunt the damage but
         | cattle will likely remain a top contributor to climate change.
        
         | pindab0ter wrote:
         | I doubt this will cause people to eat more meat. I'm just
         | guessing, but it has to be a very small group of people that
         | limit the amount of meat they eat out of purely environmental
         | reasons.
         | 
         | The group that's limited by either cost or because they're
         | saturated has to be orders of magnitude larger. So I see this
         | as an awesome bit of progress.
         | 
         | Please do correct me of my assumptions are wrong, though.
        
           | pricecomstock wrote:
           | I don't have any numbers or sources, but I'll chime in as
           | someone who limits beef intake solely because of
           | environmental reasons. I don't cut it out completely, I just
           | stay mindful and only eat beef when it's meaningful. So
           | trying something new and interesting, special occasions, or
           | when I otherwise will really savor it. If I'm getting fast
           | food or just eating to eat, I steer towards chicken, eggs, or
           | vegetarian options.
        
             | jonnycomputer wrote:
             | Yet, but you are also probably the sort of person who would
             | browse this article and conversation. No offense intended,
             | but not representative of the general population.
        
         | acchow wrote:
         | This isn't making beef cheaper in financial costs. There are a
         | minuscule number of people limiting their beef consumption due
         | to the carbon emissions.
        
           | lern_too_spel wrote:
           | This is more about getting ahead of carbon taxes than it is
           | about changing people's eating behavior today.
        
         | afarrell wrote:
         | Long-term changes in habits and culture take a long time -- if
         | they happen at all. The effect of this decision is that we can
         | decrease the beef-related methane production by spending mere
         | years changing mere hundreds of supply chains instead of
         | spending spending fruitless decades trying decades to enforce
         | new dietary habits on millions of defiant Texans or Pakistanis.
        
         | usrusr wrote:
         | Highly doubt it: vegans won't change their behavior and
         | unrestricted meat eaters won't start eating even more meat.
         | There's hardly anybody in between. Yes, theoretically less
         | people might turn vegan afterwards, but how many vegans have
         | become vegan because of methane?
        
           | mistrial9 wrote:
           | a quick search shows that about ten percent of Europe are
           | vegetarian, and about 375 million people world wide. Please
           | note that "vegan" has a narrow, specific meaning; there are
           | fewer vegans.
           | 
           | The definition of advertising is to change behavior, it is
           | done daily for lots of reasons. Why not let people choose?
           | Let's not prescribe outcomes, but instead enable evolution.
        
             | usrusr wrote:
             | 375 million people world wide, and I'd expect not one of
             | them to start eating meat because of some reduction of
             | methane impact.
        
         | it_citizen wrote:
         | On the topic of rebound effect, it seems to me that for energy
         | efficiency to work you need a carrot and stick are necessary.
         | Help your country to become more energy efficient but as they
         | do, tax externalities more severely.
        
         | A_non_e-moose wrote:
         | Picanha is just a particular cut. You can get it from any cow,
         | regardless of region.
         | 
         | I get that most picanha-branded meat is advertised as
         | originating from Brazil, but if you really want to contribute
         | to protecting the Amazon forest, why not boycott the real
         | source of the problem, Brazilian originating meat?
         | 
         | You can also go to your local butcher, and ask for a picanha
         | cut of any local cow. That way you can still enjoy picanha,
         | without worrying about the Amazon.
         | 
         | Maybe search for other names as well, in US it's apparently
         | unknown: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picanha
         | 
         | "In the United States, the cut is little known and often named
         | top sirloin cap, rump cover, rump cap, or culotte. Instead,
         | North American butchers generally divide this cut into other
         | cuts like the rump, the round, and the loin."
        
         | epistasis wrote:
         | Jevon's paradox almost never applies to a subject matter. We
         | have to stop using it to prevent making the world better.
        
       | 6d6b73 wrote:
       | Can someone explain to me how our planet managed global warming
       | when billions of bisons, deers, cows, sheep and other animals
       | roamed our planet before? How much methane did flocks of pigeons
       | generate if they were so large that they were able to darken the
       | sky?
        
         | stefantalpalaru wrote:
         | > Can someone explain to me how our planet managed global
         | warming when billions of bisons, deers, cows, sheep and other
         | animals roamed our planet before?
         | 
         | A constant number of cows produce a constant amount of methane
         | which plateaus quickly due to its very small atmospheric half-
         | life.
         | 
         | "Additional methane emission categories such as rice
         | cultivation (RIC), ruminant animal (ANI), North American shale
         | gas extraction (SHA), and tropical wetlands (TRO) have been
         | investigated as potential causes of the resuming methane growth
         | starting from 2007. In agreement with recent studies, we find
         | that a methane increase of 15.4 Tg yr-1 in 2007 and subsequent
         | years, of which __50 % are from RIC (7.68 Tg yr-1), 46 % from
         | SHA (7.15 Tg yr-1), and 4 % from TRO (0.58 Tg yr-1)__, can
         | optimally explain the trend up to 2013." - ["Model simulations
         | of atmospheric methane (1997-2016) and their evaluation using
         | NOAA and AGAGE surface and IAGOS-CARIBIC aircraft observations"
         | (2020)](https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/20/5787/2020/)
         | 
         | "On November 17, 2003 National Oceanic and Atmospheric
         | Administration reported that the concentration of the potent
         | greenhouse gas methane in the atmosphere was leveling off and
         | it appears to have remained at this 1999 level (Figure 1). The
         | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2007 acknowledged
         | that methane concentrations have plateaued, with emissions
         | being equivalent to removals. These changes in methane
         | atmospheric dynamics have raised questions about the relative
         | importance of ruminant livestock in global methane accounting
         | and the value of pursuing means of further suppressing methane
         | production from ruminants. At this time there is no
         | relationship between increasing ruminant numbers and changes in
         | atmospheric methane concentrations changes, a break from
         | previously assumed role of ruminants in greenhouse gases
         | (Figure 1)." - ["Belching Ruminants, a minor player in
         | atmospheric methane" (2008)](http://www-
         | naweb.iaea.org/nafa/news/2008-atmospheric-methane...)
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | There were an estimated 3-5 billion passenger pigeons in the
         | Americas before Europeans arrived.
         | 
         | There are currently about 1.5 billion cattle worldwide, and
         | each one weighs a lot more than 3 pigeons.
         | 
         | Worldwide livestock biomass significantly exceeds worldwide
         | wild animal biomass: https://xkcd.com/1338/
         | 
         | The current livestock population can only be supported by
         | industrialised agriculture.
         | 
         | Livestock biomass is also artificially increased both by many
         | generations of selective breeding and by a known effect of
         | certain hormones and antibiotics.
         | 
         | The actual methane emissions are a lot more complex than just
         | count or biomass, as demonstrated even by the headline of the
         | link (you wouldn't see 55%, let alone 80%, if it wasn't):
         | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal...
         | 
         | Finally, this planet does not actively manage global warming.
         | It goes though glacial and interglacial periods precisely
         | because of the absence of active management. The natural causes
         | of this lead to the pre-industrial cycles, and are why the
         | average temperature of this planet is so much higher than the
         | average temperature of the moon:
         | http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=average%20temperature%2...
        
           | 6d6b73 wrote:
           | And maybe these cycles are how the planet self regulates?
        
             | simonh wrote:
             | The point is it doesn't self-regulate, which as the poster
             | pointed out is why it veers precariously into and out of
             | ice ages and thermal maxima.
        
               | smolder wrote:
               | If these fluctuations aren't part of a roughly stable
               | pattern of self-regulation, why hasn't Earth gone into
               | such an extreme ice age or thermal runaway that it it's
               | unrecoverable and can't support life? Would you say it's
               | externally regulated as opposed to self-regulating,
               | maybe? Sheer luck?
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | "We are lucky" is certainly a viable solution to the
               | Fermi paradox.
               | 
               | Venus had thermal runaway and the precipitation there is
               | lead rather than water.
               | 
               | Martian winters cause ~25% of the atmosphere to condense
               | into the polar (dry)ice caps.
        
               | simonh wrote:
               | Well, Earth's orbit is roughly stable, solar output is
               | roughly stable but both have long term oscillations but
               | within somewhat stable parameters. That's just luck.
               | 
               | There are some effects that cause unstable feedback loops
               | though. Rising temperatures trigger several effects that
               | lead to even more temperature rise. Reflective ice caps
               | melt, tundra thaws releasing methane. Frozen methane in
               | ocean sediments melts. Similarly our planet has been
               | through several deep freeze events, far more severe than
               | ice ages. If temperatures drop too much the ice reflects
               | too much solar radiation leading to more freezing.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | While there's an underlying point that could be gleaned from
         | your inane post, you could make it without sounding like a
         | blubbering idiot.
         | 
         | Do cows/cattle/livestock produce methane? Yes. So do humans.
         | 
         | How did the planet manage? For one, there was a helluva lot
         | less other greenhouse warming gases in total larely due to
         | human's industrial revolution. Once humans found out about
         | using coal/oil/etc, it quickly dwarfed anything ever seen other
         | than volanic eruptions.
         | 
         | The livestock methane argument has always sounded like a BigOil
         | tactic rather than a scientific one to deflect blame, and then
         | championed by someone like PETA to help further their agenda.
         | How significant would livestock methane emmisions be to the
         | climate if ICE pollution was elminitated?
        
         | abecedarius wrote:
         | One serious answer is the work of
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Savory
         | 
         | There are claims it's all bullshit (ahem); I wouldn't
         | automatically trust either side.
        
         | fzzzy wrote:
         | They were not fed unnatural diets which caused them to produce
         | a shitload of methane.
        
           | gtirloni wrote:
           | Cattle is Brazil roams free and eats grass.
        
             | bogomipz wrote:
             | This has traditionally been true for neighboring Argentina
             | as well which is widely known for it's prized grass-fed
             | Pampas cattle. My understanding is that this has been
             | changing however in recent years.
        
         | stjo wrote:
         | > How much methane did flocks of pigeons generate if they were
         | so large that they were able to darken the sky.
         | 
         | Sorry, what?
        
           | 6d6b73 wrote:
           | Pigeons poop. If there is a lot of them there is a lot of
           | poop. Lota of pigeons-> lots of poop-> lots of methane
        
             | 0xfaded wrote:
             | Cows have bacteria in their rumen which produce methane. As
             | a curiosity, I ddg'd "do pigeons fart", and according to
             | pigeonpedia they do not because they have short digestive
             | tracts lacking gas producing bacteria.
             | 
             | https://pigeonpedia.com/do-pigeons-fart/
        
             | pfdietz wrote:
             | Bird poop tends to be dispersed (with some exceptions), and
             | so will tend to decompose aerobically, which does not
             | produce methane.
        
         | ed25519FUUU wrote:
         | Pastured cattle have a NET NEGATIVE effect on carbon. They're
         | not carbon emitters. Pasturing them sequesters carbon in the
         | ground and their manure improves the local soil biome.
         | 
         | Feed lot cattle are another story.
        
           | 0_____0 wrote:
           | I can believe that for carbon specifically, but what about
           | their general GHG impact?
        
         | reubenswartz wrote:
         | There are actually far more domestic livestock now than there
         | were bison back in the day. Just a lot less roaming.
         | 
         | Pigeons don't produce methane the way ruminants do AFAIK.
         | 
         | And, methane from livestock is only part of humanity's climate
         | altering activity.
        
           | guerby wrote:
           | I wanted to check, I don't know if the following sources are
           | reliable:
           | 
           | http://www.ozarkbisons.com/aboutbison.php "Table : before
           | 1800 60 million bisons in North America"
           | 
           | https://www.nass.usda.gov/Newsroom/2021/01-29-2021.php "There
           | were 93.6 million head of cattle and calves on U.S. farms as
           | of Jan. 1, 2021, according to the Cattle report published
           | today by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National
           | Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS)."
           | 
           | I didn't find number for ruminant megafauna in prehistoric
           | times.
        
         | 0xfaded wrote:
         | I think this xkcd sums it up nicely: https://xkcd.com/1338/
         | 
         | Humans are good at cultivating farting animals.
        
         | bryanlarsen wrote:
         | Wild ruminants eat grass. Domesticated ruminants mostly eat
         | grain. That accounts for the bulk of the difference AFAIK.
        
           | Zababa wrote:
           | In America maybe? In France grain is ~25% of what cows eat: h
           | ttps://idele.fr/?eID=cmis_download&oID=workspace://SpacesSt..
           | .
        
             | bryanlarsen wrote:
             | 25% of the mass might be 90% of the calories.
        
               | Zababa wrote:
               | Or it could be 5% of the calories, and unless you have
               | some source on cattle nutrition this is just baseless
               | speculation.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | I spent twenty years of my life feeding cattle.
        
               | Zababa wrote:
               | I'll retract the "baseless speculation" part then. Sorry,
               | that was needlessly aggressive.
        
         | CyanBird wrote:
         | Well, exaggerations aside such as blocking the sun, cows and
         | pigs represent 60% of all mammal biomass on earth right now
         | 
         | ... > Humans account for about 36 percent of the biomass of all
         | mammals. Domesticated livestock, mostly cows and pigs, account
         | for 60 percent, and wild mammals for only 4 percent.
         | 
         | > The same holds true for birds. The biomass of poultry is
         | about three times higher than that of wild birds.
         | 
         | > "It is definitely striking, our disproportionate place on
         | Earth," Milo told The Guardian. "When I do a puzzle with my
         | daughters, there is usually an elephant next to a giraffe next
         | to a rhino. But if I was trying to give them a more realistic
         | sense of the world, it would be a cow next to a cow next to a
         | cow and then a chicken ... [0]
         | 
         | I would love to see how that compares to the great bison herds,
         | or the great African savanna migrations
         | 
         | Maybe as an idea, just the food and the fact that bison etc
         | used to have a more active life and varied foods than modern
         | cows meant that they released less methane?
         | 
         | Lastly, ought be noted that methane releases from industrial
         | agriculture are very much under counted and that might need to
         | be accounted into the comparison [1]
         | 
         | [0] https://www-ecowatch-
         | com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.ecowatch...
         | 
         | [1] https://www-technologynetworks-
         | com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/ww...
        
           | truffdog wrote:
           | It wasn't an exaggeration-
           | https://blog.history.in.gov/flocks-that-darken-the-
           | heavens-t...
           | 
           | Pre-Columbian animal density in the Americas was insane, from
           | cod in the east, to buffalo in the middle, to salmon and
           | sardines in the west. People thought it was limitless until
           | it very abruptly wasn't.
        
             | shipman05 wrote:
             | > Pre-Columbian animal density in the Americas was insane,
             | from cod in the east, to buffalo in the middle, to salmon
             | and sardines in the west. People thought it was limitless
             | until it very abruptly wasn't.
             | 
             | I'm unsure about the fisheries, but the other numbers are
             | debated now.
             | 
             | Until very recent times, the reports of European explorers
             | pushing into the interior of North America were taken as a
             | good proxy for the pre-Columbian state of those areas. We
             | now know that those areas were far more densely populated
             | before 1500 than they were more than 200 years later when
             | European settlers started moving in. European diseases
             | preceded European settlers and completely wiped out much of
             | the continent's population.
             | 
             | AFIK, it's still being debated, but it seems reasonable
             | that: - Predators like wolves kept large herd animal
             | numbers relatively low - Large populations of Native
             | Americans killed those predators but continued to keep the
             | numbers of herd animals low via hunting - Native American
             | population collapse coupled with low numbers of predator
             | species allowed bison herd numbers to explode - European
             | settlers arrived in the 1700s and 1800s and made the
             | mistaken assumption that both the Native American and bison
             | populations they encountered represented the way things had
             | always been.
        
       | PrinceRichard wrote:
       | Mass murder of non-humans is not environmentally friendly. Nor is
       | it healthful.
        
         | Zababa wrote:
         | In that case beef is probably the best choice compared to most
         | other mammals. You can feed way more people on one cow than on
         | one chicken.
        
       | jacknews wrote:
       | Approved for use, but will farmers use it?
       | 
       | What incentive do they have? Perhaps they should get 'methane
       | credits', or 'methane fines'.
        
         | 14 wrote:
         | Probably the same incentives as a farmer doing organic farming.
         | If you can make a brand that is significantly more eco friendly
         | that may be a selling point in itself. Then if it is
         | significant in the amount of carbon it reduces some governments
         | may start insisting it be used as part of their greenhouse gas
         | reduction plan.
        
         | gilrain wrote:
         | They and their progeny might get a livable planet. It's really
         | time to stop treating climate as something to profit from and
         | start treating it as bare survival.
        
           | jacknews wrote:
           | Sorry but this is an argument from a lofty position.
           | 
           | Much of the planet lives hand to mouth, and while they of
           | course care about the state of planet in the relatively
           | distant future, they care more that they or their progeny
           | will actually get there at all.
        
           | Zababa wrote:
           | Have you heard about the tragedy of commons? If there is no
           | superior authority to enforce this, some people will want to
           | get an advantage on other people by using more these
           | resources.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | > It's really time to stop treating climate as something to
           | profit from and start treating it as bare survival.
           | 
           | While this is true, the scale and duration of the problem
           | means we need the "right" choices to make short-economic
           | sense at every level from individual farmers up to economic
           | superpowers, and for that to be maintained. If the Nash
           | equilibrium is bad, we get a tragedy of the commons.
        
             | echopurity wrote:
             | The pseudo-science is strong with this one.
        
       | yboris wrote:
       | Consumers can also have a 100% reduction in methane production in
       | cows by abstaining from purchasing cow products.
       | 
       | We have an ongoing tragedy of animal abuse, groundwater and air
       | pollution, and various health problems -- all because of people's
       | addiction to meat.
        
         | belorn wrote:
         | Changing culture in terms of food is a hard problem and one
         | which would have a large range of benefits. Any country that
         | has environmental issues from overpopulated or invasive species
         | could benefit greatly if people hunted an ate that animal, but
         | since they aren't part of the culture people don't and allow
         | overpopulated or invasive species to continue being a problem.
         | People are addicted to the cultural food that is popular in
         | their local area.
         | 
         | We see the same issue in the cultivating of mono-culture
         | plants. Instead of using a wide range of different plants and
         | land usage we instead see a overuse of the same plants being
         | force fed artificial fertilizers in order to keep production
         | high, with much of it ending up in the water creating
         | eutrophication. This is a primary reason why a whole ocean, the
         | Baltic sea, is turning into an underwater desert with a lack of
         | oxygen so great that not even many bacterials like to live
         | there. Artificial fertilizers has destroyed more way more land
         | than nuclear fission and nuclear bombs has together.
         | 
         | If we could change peoples culture in terms in what they eat we
         | could not only have a 100% reduction in methane, but also fix
         | the water pollution, biodiversity, usage of fossil fuels in the
         | food chain, decrease land usage, fix overpopulation and remove
         | invasive species, and feed even more people than we do today.
         | It would also likely taste quite well, especially since taste
         | is heavily influenced by culture.
        
           | collegeburner wrote:
           | Sure, in Texas a lot of us hunt and eat wild hogs as they're
           | a nuisance. Javelina are native but can be a pest sometimes,
           | so we eat them too (good in sausage).
        
             | belorn wrote:
             | Wild hogs tend to be part of the culture in most areas that
             | I know has them. A useful sign for this is that such meat
             | is generally more expensive to buy than beef, which
             | illustrate the value that the culture puts on it as food.
             | 
             | In contrast one can look at areas which has an
             | overpopulation of seals. People don't eat the meat and the
             | most common use is to generate oil, which is also not very
             | useful in modern days. As such hunters are not very
             | interested to spend time on it and overpopulation is
             | allowed to continue even if it has a known negative impact
             | on bio diversity in an local area.
             | 
             | If one goes into the area of eutrophication, over
             | population of non-cultural acceptable fish is very common.
             | When government create initiatives to address the issue,
             | the caught fish (many many tons of fish) get either turned
             | into bio fuel or animal feed if the cost of transportation
             | allows it. Hard to find a bigger waste of food than that,
             | and it is purely a matter of culture.
        
         | bequanna wrote:
         | Or, you could stop buying cheap, garbage meat that sometimes
         | causes the problems you describe. Buy from a food coop,
         | research the farm that supplies the meat. If you have the
         | luxury to make informed choices, do that.
         | 
         | Of course, good luck getting the poor or working class to do
         | any of those things. They simply want cheap, appetizing
         | calories.
        
           | Avicebron wrote:
           | I agree, it's worth it if you have the means. But looking as
           | to why people are resorting to the cheapest most inhumane
           | options is the root of the problem. I'm sure if everyone
           | could afford premium, well sourced meat then the problem
           | would be reduced, but the issue is that the poor and working
           | class have been put into the position they are in and will
           | choose the cheaper route out of necessity and where there is
           | necessity, there is a market and someone willing to
           | capitalize on it.
        
             | bequanna wrote:
             | It isn't just out of necessity. We don't really have much
             | of a hunger problem in the US or most of the Western world.
             | 
             | We need to stop approaching problems by trying to force
             | people to change their habits and preferences. That isn't
             | going to happen.
             | 
             | Also, regardless of the arguments and hand waving from
             | vegetarians, vegans, PETA, etc. we should accept that the
             | vast majority of people are meant to and will always choose
             | to eat meat as part of their diet.
             | 
             | If you want to get people off of conventionally produced
             | meat you need something that normal people actually
             | consider to be appetizing. If fact, it would be even better
             | if they didn't realize any changes were made. The
             | replacement for meat that has any chance of succeeding is
             | ...meat.
             | 
             | Lab grown meat is the only solution with any chance of mass
             | adoption. We can control the inputs, create something more
             | appetizing, cheaper and maybe even healthier. It checks all
             | the boxes vs. some unholy concoction of super processed
             | ingredients marketed as a "meat substitute".
        
               | lucidguppy wrote:
               | Smoking was drastically reduced in the US after a public
               | health push.
        
               | bequanna wrote:
               | Nice try. Eating high quality meat is absolutely NOT a
               | public health concern.
               | 
               | Man, after reading some of these comments I realize how
               | lucky I am to live in a part of the world where we push
               | back very hard when the shrieking, alarmist minority try
               | to force their preferences down the throats of others.
        
         | cheese_goddess wrote:
         | It doesn't make sense to say that people have an "addiction to
         | meat". We eat meat because it's a very nutritious food. We need
         | to eat food to survive, to live, and to thrive.
         | 
         | If you 're looking for an addiction that harms the environment,
         | then look no further than right in front of your eyes. Right
         | now, you are probably looking at the screen of a smart phone
         | that you will most likely throw away for a new one before the
         | end of the year. You don't _need_ a new phone every year, nor
         | do the many millions of people who buy a new one each year, and
         | yet so they do.
         | 
         | https://www.wbur.org/cognoscenti/2018/12/11/right-to-repair-...
        
         | drewg123 wrote:
         | I encourage people to try plant based "meat" substitutes. I
         | have a vegan friend when encouraged me to try Impossible
         | burger. I finally relented during the early days of the
         | pandemic when I could not find ground beef one day at the
         | store, and I have to say that I love it. I use it everywhere
         | I'd have used ground beef (burgers, tacos, chili, etc). My
         | cholesterol and blood sugar numbers have improved dramatically.
        
           | a-dub wrote:
           | i tried (ed: strike impossible) beyond burgers recently. they
           | were... ok. but i did notice that i felt extremely sluggish
           | after eating them. (like having to lay down)
           | 
           | the thickness of the oil exuded onto the griddle and the
           | difficulty i had cleaning it off was a bit frightening as
           | well... but i don't prepare meat so maybe the real deal is
           | worse?
        
           | Zababa wrote:
           | Those are usually not "meat" substitutes but "ground meat"
           | substitutes. I personally don't consume much ground meat, so
           | they are a bit useless for me unfortunately.
        
           | Tomte wrote:
           | It's hit and miss. I've tried one premier producer's "vegan
           | minced meat" in Germany (Wiesenhof) and one supermarket's
           | "vegan minced meat".
           | 
           | They look okay, but they don't brown in the pan and worst of
           | all, they smell very very foul. You open the packaging and
           | want to immediately put in in the garbage bin.
           | 
           | Taste is okay-ish, if boring and bland, but the smell
           | disqualifies it.
           | 
           | I understand there are brands that don't have that problem
           | (or less of it), but after two disasters I'm currently eating
           | real meat when I want some, but try to limit it.
           | 
           | Better an honest vegan/vegetarian substitute than a "it has
           | to look like meat, no matter what" substitute.
           | 
           | Soy shreds can be a good substitute for some uses of minced
           | meat, for example.
        
           | mc32 wrote:
           | The only drawback I'd see is it's ultra processed food, but
           | it looks as though ftom your experience you experienced
           | health improvements which outweigh Ann concern over ultra
           | processing .
        
             | kiba wrote:
             | I looked up a comparison.[1] It seems that the only
             | potential issue with an impossible burger is much more
             | sodium. On the other hand, it actually contains fiber(3
             | grams).
             | 
             | Apparently, Impossible meat are fortified with
             | micronutrient as well.
             | 
             | Correct me if I am wrong, but the problem with ultra
             | processed food is not the processing per se, but the poor
             | nutritional profiles.
             | 
             | 1. https://www.cnet.com/health/nutrition/is-the-impossible-
             | burg...
        
               | OrvalWintermute wrote:
               | I wanted to find some views on the the impossible/beyond
               | GMO meat substitutes vs organic, grass-fed, which many
               | contend is the gold standard for healthy meat, _not_
               | regular feedlot  / grain raised beef.
               | 
               | Found a number of different perspectives [1], [2], [3]
               | [4] [5]
               | 
               | Most alarming was the presence of GMO, and soy &
               | glyphosate connection alleged by testing from Moms Across
               | America [6] found in both varieties (They are anti-GMO
               | and anti-vaxx in the pre-covid term, using the original
               | vaccine defintion). A vegan response by The Reasoned
               | Vegan to these allegations and testing can be found at
               | [7] which raised questions about the overblown testing
               | hyperbole by Moms Across America. Consequently, I don't
               | have a strong opinion on the veracity of the testing.
               | 
               | However, given my biases towards organic, grass-fed and
               | away from both soy, GMO, and feedlot/grain cattle, the
               | Chiropractor Dr. Pompa best captured a nuanced view with
               | which I concur. [8] I say this because I've known many
               | vegans, and the one I dated expressed concerns around the
               | negative implications of a heavy soy diet that led to her
               | to cut out all soy, and head more towards a raw food
               | diet.
               | 
               | [1] https://blessingfalls.com/2019/08/14/plant-based-
               | impossible-...
               | 
               | [2] https://childrenshealthdefense.org/defender/lab-
               | produced-mea...
               | 
               | [3] https://www.eatthis.com/news-impossible-meat-
               | ingredient-may-...
               | 
               | [4]
               | https://www.forbes.com/sites/lanabandoim/2019/12/20/what-
               | the...
               | 
               | [5] https://www.gmoscience.org/2019/06/25/rat-feeding-
               | studies-su...
               | 
               | [6] https://www.momsacrossamerica.com/gmo_impossible_burg
               | er_posi...
               | 
               | [7] https://thereasonedvegan.com/2019/07/24/lies-about-
               | roundup-i...
               | 
               | [8] https://drpompa.com/cellular-detox/meat-substitute-
               | burgers-a...
        
           | cheese_goddess wrote:
           | If you want to eat a vegetable patty, why does it have to be
           | a fake meat burger? Why can't you enjoy a falafel?
           | 
           | More to the point, if you want to stop eating meat, why do
           | you have to eat pretend-meat? If you're cutting out a major
           | food group from your diet you're already making a huge
           | commitment in time and effort to eat in a certain way while
           | not missing out on nutrients (so no excuses about how it's
           | simpler to eat fake meat). So why not spend this time and
           | effort to learn to cook tasty, delicious foods, without meat?
           | 
           | Why not spend this time and effort to learn to cook the many
           | traditional dishes of the many world cuisines that are
           | majority vegetarian or vegan, that teem with dishes that are
           | absolutely heavenly, without any animal products in them?
           | Learn to cook Indian, or Mediterranean, or African, or Thai.
           | Learn to cook with olive oil instead of butter, learn to cook
           | succulent, decadent aubergine casseroles and succulent legume
           | dishes. Learn to cook! And don't leave your nutrition to the
           | same old actors in the same old food industry that is
           | destroying the environment and abusing animals with
           | industrial beef (and pig, and chicken) production.
           | 
           | Remember that the biggest investors in meat substitutes
           | are... giant meat and dairy conglomerates. Check out this
           | article:
           | 
           | https://www.just-food.com/features/eyeing-alternatives-
           | meat-...
           | 
           | Recognise any names?
        
           | GordonS wrote:
           | Do any of these plant based meat substitutes have the same
           | macro and micro nutrient profiles as the real thing, or are
           | they mainly comprised of cheap carbs?
           | 
           | I'd be willing to give it a go for a few things, like
           | burgers, but only if nutritionally they are close to like for
           | like. (there is also a medical reason behind this for me
           | personally, as I have reactive hypoglycemia and avoid all but
           | the smallest carb intake).
           | 
           | I'll also add, our family doesn't actually eat much red meat
           | - it's more of a treat, with chicken and pork far more common
           | at our table than beef or lamb. Partly for health reasons,
           | partly for cost reasons.
        
             | yissp wrote:
             | The newer ones (Beyond, Impossible) are a lot closer
             | nutritionally to beef than the older style of veggie
             | burgers that were mostly bean-based in my experience. Those
             | could still be pretty good for what they were, but not
             | really comparable to beef.
        
             | pm90 wrote:
             | If you have medical reasons to eat meat, IMO you shouldn't
             | be experimenting with new foods unless your
             | doctor/nutritionist okays it. Ie I feel like you may not be
             | the target audience of people who can give up meat.
        
             | datameta wrote:
             | Generally they are very high in protein, have a decent
             | amount of good fats (normally have much less omega-6 than
             | red meats) and have low carb content. Beyond Meat, for
             | example, is my go-to substitute. I get their ground stuff
             | in a pack and add more spices and make patties (though I'm
             | a huge fan of it as is when eating out).
        
           | dukeofdoom wrote:
           | Not sure how much you eat of it. But generally processed
           | foods are not that good for you. I know they add and additive
           | to make it taste like it has serum from blood. I remember
           | there being media reports and controversy over the safety of
           | it. I tried making a meatless burger, and found adding almond
           | flower goes a long way to make it taste great.
        
             | tingletech wrote:
             | One of the brands uses a generically engineered yeast to
             | create a plant heme with a gene spliced in from soy. It's
             | GMO but seems safe (its not like a round up ready GMO). I
             | think these engineered meat substitutes may not be as
             | healthy as a whole food plant based diet -- but I find it
             | hard to believe they are less healthy or have a higher
             | environmental impact that the meat they replace.
        
         | supportlocal4h wrote:
         | My family raise one steer in our back yard. It feeds two
         | families for a year. Do you consider this animal abuse? Do you
         | consider it a source of groundwater or air pollution?
         | 
         | I'm genuinely curious and somewhat open to being persuaded.
         | It's hard for me to see it, but there could be an argument for
         | it.
         | 
         | Or perhaps you feel that those things are a product of
         | industrial scale. If so, can you not conceive any solution that
         | would involve less than 100% reduction?
        
           | mechagodzilla wrote:
           | Most of the ill effects come from industrial scale
           | production, which (at least in the USA) probably covers 99%
           | of production. Regarding your personal cow, it does produce
           | (from quick googling) ~220 lbs of methane a year, which seems
           | to trap ~85x as much heat as an equivalent amount of CO2 over
           | a ~20 year timescale, or ~30x as much over a much longer
           | timescale, so that's like releasing ~18700 lbs of CO2 each
           | year in the short term. A gasoline powered car will produce
           | about a pound of CO2 per mile driven, so you can think of
           | your cow as being equivalent to having an extra car that
           | drives 18.7k miles per year (or ~9.5k miles per family).
           | Eating half a cow seems pretty close to driving an extra car.
        
             | captainredbeard wrote:
             | Apples to oranges - a pasture raised cow doesn't produce as
             | much methane because the "rumen flora" differs between a
             | grain-based and a forage-based diet. The bacterial
             | population is so different between the two foods that if
             | you switch a cow's feed to grain too quickly, the ensuing
             | bloating can be life threatening. The bacteria digesting
             | the corn is what produces the most methane.
             | 
             | Unlike CO2, methane breaks down in the atmosphere so it's
             | not an infinitely growing sink, it's a rolling window.
        
               | mechagodzilla wrote:
               | Brief research doesn't really appear to support that -
               | grass fed cows seem to put on weight much slower, and
               | therefore produce methane longer, and the methane of
               | course degrades into CO2 (hence the 'effective' amount of
               | CO2 over a given time period). But the differences
               | between the two seem to be relatively small-ish
               | (certainly 'different sized apples' rather than apples
               | and oranges).
        
               | rainbowzootsuit wrote:
               | Methane is CH4. It doesn't degrade to CO2 so much as the
               | relative ability to trap infrared radiation is given in
               | proportion to what an equal number of CO2 molecules would
               | absorb/trap. Similarly, other gasses like refrigerants
               | are rated in Global Warming Potential (GWP) units based
               | on 20 years of absorption of infrared.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_methane
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming_potential
        
               | Zababa wrote:
               | Does this take into account the CO2/energy used to
               | harvest the grain and move it?
        
           | dundarious wrote:
           | So you do a thing that almost no consumers do? Interesting
           | question for finding out philosophical underpinnings of
           | someone's beliefs/opinions, but at best tangential and at
           | worst verging on sophistry when discussing practical matters.
           | This is not an accusation, just an observation.
           | 
           | But to attempt an answer: for example, I have rescued pet
           | cats. If I find some arts and crafts use for the plentiful
           | fur I "acquire" when I groom them, no big deal. If I make a
           | commercial enterprise out of this and seek to maximize my
           | profits at the expense of their well-being, that's bad. There
           | are gradations in between that are bad as well -- ones that
           | can easily occur for backyard farm animals, where their
           | welfare and enrichment are very low on the totem pole.
           | Especially if you are slaughtering, which obviously places
           | their welfare very low on the totem pole. I'm avoiding the
           | environmental aspect because it's inarguably increasing GHG
           | emissions compared to what was originally suggested.
           | 
           | But again, irrelevant for arguments about ideal supermarket
           | habits.
        
           | mrfusion wrote:
           | They're social animals though. Wouldn't it be lonely?
        
         | eplanit wrote:
         | It'll take a couple of generations. Starting raising your kids
         | on only Soylent Green type modern foods, and no meats; then,
         | they'll grow up to find real meat disgusting.
        
           | poopypoopington wrote:
           | Or fruit and vegetables. The alternative to meat isn't
           | Soylent Green, but of course you're just a troll you don't
           | want to debate facts.
        
             | eplanit wrote:
             | Technically, Soylent Green was made of people (the plot of
             | the movie). The premise of it though was Soylent (Blue,
             | Yellow,...) foods were (supposed to have been) made from
             | vegetable and seaweed protein -- which is not so much
             | science fiction anymore w.r.t. Beyond Meat and other such
             | products.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | Or the first time they have real meat, they actually enjoy
           | it. Similar to all of those parents that regulate their kid's
           | sugar content by not allowing sodas/candy/etc. Once they go
           | to a friend's house or school and get a taste, they do not
           | spit it out in disgust.
        
             | yboris wrote:
             | Meat is rather different. Just about no kid in America
             | would want to eat a dog. And there's nothing significantly
             | different between a dog and a pig, other than our cultural
             | attitudes towards them.
        
               | spijdar wrote:
               | As disgusting as I've been raised to find the idea, I
               | suspect GP's point might hold have a grain of truth to
               | dog meat, too. Some cultures eat dog -- I suspect if I
               | ate dog meat, especially if I didn't _know_ it was dog
               | meat, I 'd probably find it an okay meat.
               | 
               | (that said, I don't believe the physiology of domestic
               | dogs really lends itself to "good meat", certainly not as
               | efficient as domestic pigs, so raising dogs as food
               | doesn't really make sense)
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | I wonder if there is calculations where dogs would fall
               | on axis of chicken, pork and beef. Probably around pork,
               | but which side and what sort of diets would be allowable.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | A dog, being carnivorous, is further up the food chain
               | than a pig, so will have more accumulated toxins.
        
               | pm90 wrote:
               | Pigs are omnivores.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | Congratulations, you posted something that appears to
               | rebut my post but doesn't actually contradict anything I
               | said.
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | I think that is just because we haven't served it to
               | them. Serve it a few years and then tell what it is.
               | Could solve that issue. Also I wonder how well decent
               | breed of dog compares to beef, chicken and pork from
               | ecological and economic perspective.
               | 
               | Only animals I'm against eating is hominids like apes,
               | monkeys and humans. And that is only because of
               | pathogens.
        
             | bryanlarsen wrote:
             | I have a friend who was raised Hindu but is himself lapsed.
             | He has trouble eating beef, it upsets his digestive system.
        
             | Avicebron wrote:
             | Funny enough, this happened to me, I was raised without
             | meat as a toddler very young child, tofu dogs, seitan, the
             | whole nine yards. My parents from the Bay Area were
             | militant about it...until I was about 5 at a family friends
             | bbq, I had bacon for the first time, and as my dad tells
             | it, that basically ended the whole family's vegetarianism
             | it was so good. We all eat meat till this day... so maybe
             | there is something instinctual about it.
        
         | hourislate wrote:
         | Yeah, I'm good. You go ahead but we're having a large steak
         | barbecue tonight. Bought like 20 lbs of Ribeye and 10 lbs of
         | chicken.
        
           | EvilEy3 wrote:
           | Nice!
        
           | coffeefirst wrote:
           | This is getting downvoted because it's snarky, but look,
           | barbecue is a cultural staple. The climate/PETA/imitation
           | beef proponents are just priming to pump on the Virtue-
           | Signaling-Politicization-Industrial complex, which will
           | inevitably transform the cheeseburger into a political
           | statement.
           | 
           | The last thing we need is to turn cheeseburgers into a
           | political statement.
           | 
           | You want to make real progress?
           | 
           | Don't pick fights with hourislate's barbecue--it sounds like
           | a great time.
           | 
           | At least in the US, there's no chance of convincing more than
           | a tiny minority of people to give up cheeseburgers and
           | barbecue.
           | 
           | But on the other hand, if you promote non-meat dishes from
           | around the world (falafel, shakshuka, black bean tacos,
           | pastas, you get the idea) it's entirely possible for the
           | average person who eats meat every day to switch for a few
           | meals per week, whether they're motivated by climate, health,
           | or just really liking tacos.
           | 
           | And take a hard look at restaurant portion sizes. In a lot of
           | cases they've doubled since the 1980's.
           | 
           | It's easy to imagine this as a 25% reduction in meat usage,
           | without picking a losing battle against backyard barbecues.
        
             | yissp wrote:
             | Even encouraging people to reduce beef consumption in favor
             | of pork or chicken would have a pretty significant impact,
             | and that's a lot less drastic of a lifestyle change than
             | going fully vegan. Although from an animal welfare
             | perspective it might not be desirable - a lot more chickens
             | need to suffer to produce the same amount of meat as one
             | cow for instance.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | cheese_goddess wrote:
             | I don't 100% agree on how there's no chance of convincing
             | people to give up cheeseburgers and BBQs. Sure, they're a
             | cultural staple, but smoking was a cultural staple in
             | France and yet the French have basically given up on
             | smoking, because deep down inside they're sensible people
             | (despite being pig-headed Gauls, at the same time).
             | 
             | What I find hard to understand is this: if you want to eat
             | meat, why would you choose to eat a meat substitute? If you
             | don't want to eat meat, why would you choose to eat a meat
             | substitute?
             | 
             | How many people are there that really _want_ to eat _fake
             | meat_? Or fake anything, for that matter?
        
           | hypertele-Xii wrote:
           | Everybody gangsta 'till the climate changes.
        
             | hourislate wrote:
             | The world average temp has warmed .9degC since 1880.
        
               | bulletsvshumans wrote:
               | "I'm only going 20 miles an hour", said the teenager
               | slamming on the gas.
        
               | EvilEy3 wrote:
               | Yeah, yeah. Cool story, greenie.
        
             | Spivak wrote:
             | The individual punishment for anyone alive today will
             | basically be nothing even in the worst cases, so while I
             | agree with you, that argument doesn't really work.
        
               | DangitBobby wrote:
               | Already we have witnessed increased frequency of extreme
               | weather events. And the thing about positive feedback
               | loops is that they accelerate.
        
               | lucidguppy wrote:
               | Heart disease is the number one killer in the US
               | currently.
               | https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/282929#heart-
               | disea...
               | 
               | Which can be reversed by eating a plant based diet.
               | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5466936/
               | 
               | If not for the planet, then for your health.
        
               | EvilEy3 wrote:
               | Yeah, because eating meat leads to heart disease. Oh
               | wait, I heard those people also drank water!
        
         | macinjosh wrote:
         | This is the same logic those who say we should end teen
         | pregnancy by teaching abstinence use and we all know how that
         | works out.
        
           | Spivak wrote:
           | It's also a huge coordination problem. Just casually get 300
           | million people to be on the same page and make a collective
           | action against their own personal interest where there is no
           | punishment for noncompliance, no feedback mechanism for
           | rewards, and no guarantee it will have any effect.
           | 
           | When the expected outcome is "you deny yourself pleasures you
           | want and nothing changes" it's pretty darn rational to just
           | not bother.
        
             | afarrell wrote:
             | > 300 million
             | 
             | Add Argentina's population of 45 million to that. And then
             | go ask Pakistanis how they would feel about a "don't eat
             | beef" law imposed on them.
        
         | fortran77 wrote:
         | On a similar line of reasoning: 65% of Americans are obese or
         | overweight. We can make significant progress toward reducing
         | all sorts of environmental harm if people simple didn't eat
         | more food than they needed.
        
           | gautamdivgi wrote:
           | The obesity is most likely due to unhealthy carbs than meat.
           | Eating grilled meat and salads will rarely get you obese.
        
             | fortran77 wrote:
             | Yes, but there's still a lot of pollution associated with
             | it: https://www.nature.com/articles/ijo2011151
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | We should stop subsidizing corn production.
        
         | mythrwy wrote:
         | I wonder, from a cows point of view, if being eliminated as a
         | species is preferable to being eaten one at a time at some
         | point in their life cycle.
         | 
         | Because this appears to be advocating for genocide. Or
         | bovinecide (is that the right word)?
         | 
         | <Edit>Apparently this is being taken as an argument for meat
         | eating. It's not, I suspect we will lay off eating animal flesh
         | as a species fairly soon. Just a theoretical question.
         | Something to think about. Because simple "everyone should just
         | XXX!" often have wider implications.
        
           | jonnycomputer wrote:
           | In general, I'm confused by the counter-factual ethics
           | required to work this out. For example, if we stop eating
           | meat and dairy, then we would have no incentive to raise
           | cattle. And without that incentive, cattle populations would
           | drop dramatically; they would be limited to special preserves
           | or zoos, or very marginal land. The species might not even
           | survive. We don't have a stellar record of keeping large
           | nuisance animals around if they have no economic value to us.
           | It's not even clear (to me) that domestic cows are capable of
           | surviving in the wild. So, in its most extreme form, the
           | question posed is it more ethical to continue eating cattle
           | and sustaining the species, or abstaining and letting the
           | species go extinct? I don't know.
        
           | the8472 wrote:
           | Wouldn't be the first time, nobody remembers the great horse
           | genocide of 1908 either.
        
             | mythrwy wrote:
             | Equicide? At least people still kept some horses around for
             | recreational riding etc. What will happen to cows?
        
               | lucidguppy wrote:
               | Wildlife now only makes up 5% of the biomass of mammals
               | on planet earth. Where is the outcry for the thousands of
               | species that go extinct.
               | https://www.greenpeace.org/international/story/17788/how-
               | muc...
               | 
               | Why don't people give up the meat until this has all been
               | figured out?
        
           | yboris wrote:
           | It's so sad that even now people misunderstand the concerns
           | of most people advocating reducing (or eliminating) meat from
           | everyone's diet.
           | 
           | In the grand scheme of things, "being eaten" (that is getting
           | killed prematurely) isn't as great a problem as the severe
           | abuse animals undergo before they are killed. If there was a
           | choice to make, I'd rather never exist, than to be brought
           | into existence on a factory farm, confined, abused, rape-
           | inseminated, have my children be taken away, be hauled by a
           | tractor because I can no longer stand up, etc.
           | 
           | Please watch "Earthlings" to better understand the way humans
           | treat animals: http://www.nationearth.com
        
       | rastafang wrote:
       | Would be a lot better to reduce the number of cows... I'm doing
       | my part, I'm eating less meat.
       | 
       | It reminds me of people that work out to loose weight... much
       | easier to reduce the amount of calories you take in.
        
         | bagacrap wrote:
         | I don't understand this attitude towards exercise. You'll be
         | healthier if you work out and weigh XXXlbs than if you sit on
         | your ass and weigh the same.
        
       | the8472 wrote:
       | "as much as 55%" seems low since recent studies with seaweed have
       | shown "over 80%" reduction in vivo.
       | 
       | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal...
        
         | echopurity wrote:
         | TBH a study with 21 subjects isn't worth much.
        
       | goohle wrote:
       | Humaninty must control everything, even what cow eats, and how
       | cow farts. The next step will be to control what cow thinks about
       | all that.
        
         | dekken_ wrote:
         | they like music if you're curious
        
       | twoslide wrote:
       | 55% reduction in methanse is good, but its still a destructive
       | and inefficient way to produce protein. Wish people would give up
       | on beef and look into alternatives.
        
         | 6d6b73 wrote:
         | There are no healthy cheap and safe alternatives to meat.
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | The issue here is cows and their digestive system. Chicken is
           | a perfectly reasonable substitute for beef.
           | 
           | > There are no healthy cheapand safe alternatives to meat.
           | 
           | There are over a 600 million people are living cheaply and
           | safely on vegetarian diets. I love Meat, it's tasty and
           | delicious, but it's very much a luxury.
        
             | jcfrei wrote:
             | It's not a luxury at all in some regions. In higher
             | altitudes for example where warm weather cycles are too
             | short to grow a lot of crops (other than some type of
             | grass) keeping livestock (for meat, eggs, milk) is
             | essential for survival.
        
               | yboris wrote:
               | It's frustrating to see arguments devolve into this kind
               | of thing. It's almost surely the case we are discussing
               | developed nations like the US (one of the largest
               | consumers of meat), not some remote village in a
               | developing nation. Sure there might be remote places with
               | no access to the world market. Sure there might be some
               | people whose health doesn't allow removal of meat. But on
               | the grand-scale of the US and other developed economies,
               | we can reduce meat consumption by 90% without any
               | negative effects (in fact, we'll improve average health
               | by a lot).
        
             | 6d6b73 wrote:
             | Steak vs chicken breast? That's not an alternative not only
             | from the taste stand point but also nutrionally.
        
               | timeon wrote:
               | Nutritionally it is more than good enough.
        
               | nindalf wrote:
               | Please enlighten us, what's missing nutritionally in
               | chicken that you can find in steak?
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | Lots of delicious saturated fat, for one.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Eating a Chicken drumstick is more nutritious and
               | healthier than a steak. That connective tissue is good
               | for you.
               | 
               | Chicken breast has more protein, less fat, less
               | cholesterol, less saturated fat. Beef has slightly more
               | iron and zinc but is overall significantly worse for you.
               | 
               | That said their both missing vitamin C [edit: after
               | cooking], so you need a more diverse diet anyway.
        
               | the-dude wrote:
               | What is wrong with cholesterol?
        
               | EvilEy3 wrote:
               | Nothing. Fatties seem to think that only they populate
               | the earth.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | On it's own nothing the body needs quite a lot of it. But
               | it can be a problem if your diet includes excessive
               | quantities.
               | 
               | Edit: Saying a food is healthy or not IMO really a
               | question of how well it fits into the widest selection of
               | current diets and lifestyles. Drinking say 1oz of sea
               | water it generally fine and if people where frequently
               | salt deficient then it could be considered healthy, but
               | as insufficient salt intake is not a common problem and
               | excessive salt intake is occasionally one I don't think
               | we can really consider sea water as healthy.
               | 
               | Similarly dietary cholesterol has minimal impact on most
               | people, but overall excess is more generally going to be
               | an issue simply due to the small population that is at
               | risk. As such I think we can say lower cholesterol
               | chicken is a net positive overall unless we know more
               | about the specific person involved.
        
               | the-dude wrote:
               | Well that is true for almost anything including water.
               | 
               | What is the problem you are referring to?
        
               | wyager wrote:
               | > Chicken breast has more protein, less fat, less
               | cholesterol, less saturated fat. Beef has slightly more
               | iron and zinc but is overall significantly worse for you.
               | 
               | If your nutritional understanding is at the level of "fat
               | and cholesterol are bad" you should not be giving dietary
               | advice.
               | 
               | You appear to be approaching this from a USDA-poster
               | style of nutritional reasoning (please do not do this),
               | so I'll make two heuristic arguments:
               | 
               | Why do you think, everywhere in the world except where
               | there are social taboos on beef, poor people who eat
               | chicken will preferentially switch to beef consumption
               | when their standard of living improves enough to permit
               | it?
               | 
               | Is the peptide and vitamin distribution of human flesh
               | closer to that of a cow, or that of a chicken?
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | The human body can produce almost everything it needs
               | internally from most editable plants and animals.
               | 
               | People may for example need on the order of mg/day of
               | Bromine, Arsenic, Nickel, Fluorine, Boron, Lithium,
               | Strontium, Silicon and Vanadium based on organic
               | compounds containing them, but the need is slow low their
               | plentiful in any reasonable diet. So sure, if you where
               | building a food synthesizer from inorganic compounds then
               | nutrition is quite complex, but in terms of diets people
               | generally self regulate quite well with cravings often
               | occurring should a deficiency develop.
               | 
               | Start looking for what's not either sufficiently
               | plentiful in most foods or synthesized by the body and
               | you end up with a rather short list. Vitamin C is mainly
               | an issue because it's destroyed by cooking, and even then
               | people can literally go months without developing systems
               | even with zero vitamin C. Thiamine is another one that
               | became an issue when people started eating a lot of white
               | rice, but again it's food prep not the plant that's the
               | issue. _Many arguments around optimal diets exist, but
               | the original quote was safety not say Olympic athletes._
               | 
               | So, based on all existing research and in the context of
               | a normal diet, no there isn't a significant nutritional
               | benefit to beef over chicken.
               | 
               | > switch to beef
               | 
               | Because beef is tasty. It's the same reason people don't
               | need to be convinced to eat chocolate.
        
               | wyager wrote:
               | > The human body can produce almost everything it needs
               | internally from most editable plants and animals.
               | 
               | I note that your statement is appropriately very strongly
               | hedged.
               | 
               | > So, based on all existing research and in the context
               | of a normal diet,
               | 
               | Dietary "science" has one of the lowest standards of
               | rigor of any field, in the same ballpark as psychology.
               | Until we have accurate computer models of every metabolic
               | pathway in the human body, I'm not going to trust papers
               | that are like "actually you can just eat soy and seitan
               | and be fine" (incidentally, the counterfactual study got
               | funding approval from vegan activists and seventh-day
               | Adventists!). Also, "in the context of a normal diet" is
               | another pretty big hedge - "normal" diets are terrible.
               | 
               | In any case, when we're talking about nutrition, since
               | the state of research is so bad, we're basically stuck
               | with a priori reasoning and Bayesian observation, and
               | after applying those two, my observation is that people
               | who eat only ruminants and fish and stuff look really
               | good and are strong and healthy, and the exact opposite
               | is true for people who eat only vegetables, and this
               | doesn't really impose a big update on my prior derived
               | from what I know about pre-agriculture food sources in
               | these people's evolutionary environments.
               | 
               | > Because beef is tasty.
               | 
               | As you point out, when your body makes something taste
               | better than something else, it's probably because it's
               | doing a better job of meeting your nutritional needs. If
               | two foods were abundant in the evolutionary environment,
               | I expect taste to be reasonably well-calibrated in terms
               | of causing me to eat the nutritionally optimal
               | distribution of foods.
               | 
               | Ruminants and birds were both abundant in my evolutionary
               | environment. So what does it say that ruminants taste so
               | much better?
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | > Dietary "science" has one of the lowest standards of
               | rigor of any field
               | 
               | Modern dietary science is quite different from it's
               | starting point. We know enough for soldiers, inmates, etc
               | to eat exactly the food provided and be healthy. That's
               | the basic benchmark for success.
               | 
               | > it's probably because it's doing a better job.
               | 
               | Many birds are quite tasty, chicken however wasn't part
               | of our evolutionary environment. It also breaks down in
               | the wider context, evolution would be adjusting things
               | based on the overall diet and lifestyle of our ancestors
               | which based on available evidence was quite different
               | from our own.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Having suggested more tasty birds I will recommend a few.
               | Squab/pidgin, Ruffed Grouse, Wild Turkey, Canada Goose.
               | They have a surprisingly wide range of flavors.
               | 
               | Chickens are easy to farm which is why their so common,
               | but they aren't that representative of other bird
               | species.
        
               | oldgradstudent wrote:
               | > That said their both missing vitamin C, so you need a
               | more diverse diet anyway.
               | 
               | People have been shown to live on fresh beef alone for
               | extended period without suffering scurvy.
               | 
               | Paradoxically, adding other might actually introduce the
               | need for additional vitamin C.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Uncooked meat has vitamin C, but is harder to digest and
               | risks food born diseases. Cooking is the issue rather
               | than the lack of it in chicken or beef.
               | 
               | People don't need much vitamin C to avoid scurvy, a
               | healthy person can skip it for about 3 months without
               | significant issue.
        
             | wyager wrote:
             | > Chicken is a perfectly reasonable substitute for beef.
             | 
             | This is completely 100% incorrect. Chicken is so
             | nutritionally deficient relative to beef that it might as
             | well be a vegetable.
             | 
             | > There are over a 600 million people are living cheaply
             | and safely on vegetarian diets
             | 
             | "Cheaply", yes, "safely" not so much.
             | 
             | Vegetarian populations tend to be have stunted growth, have
             | worse dentition, etc. compared to populations who eat a
             | diet based on ruminants, fish, etc.
             | 
             | Additionally, dietary requirements are not fungible across
             | the human population. People whose ancestors come from
             | different evolutionary environments will be tuned for
             | different food sources. Lactose tolerance is probably the
             | most well known example. A priori, all of my pre-
             | agricultural ancestors must have had a diet completely
             | incompatible with vegetarianism, so it's not surprising
             | that people of my background who go vegetarian tend to
             | exhibit metabolic problems.
             | 
             | Note that I am _not_ comparing vegetarianism to the
             | standard American diet, which is practically vegetarian
             | already. Switching from SAD to a generic vegetarian diet
             | might simply have the positive effect of reducing the
             | amount of weird slop people consume.
             | https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2016/december/a-look-
             | at...
        
               | shipman05 wrote:
               | > standard American diet, which is practically vegetarian
               | already
               | 
               | Not by any reasonable definition. Americans consume more
               | meat per capita than any nation on earth. (https://en.wik
               | ipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_meat_cons...)
               | 
               | I'm guessing you're basing that statement on the article
               | you shared showing that 70% of calories consumed by
               | Americans come from plant-based sources.
               | 
               | 1. I believe your calorie-percentage data points more to
               | the high amount sugar and corn syrup in the standard
               | American diet. Those two plant-based, calorie-dense
               | ingredients skew the data. A McDonald's chicken nugget
               | value meal with a regular Coke has a high number of
               | plant-based calories due to the Coke, but it is pretty
               | far from being a vegetarian meal.
               | 
               | 2. Calling 70% vegetarian "practically vegetarian" really
               | stretches the definitions of both words. Most Americans
               | consume meat with > 2 meals per day.
        
               | wyager wrote:
               | Sweeteners are about 15% of calories for Americans which
               | sort of undercuts your idea that it's all about corn
               | syrup. Your example of a single hypothetical meal is
               | irrelevant - the data is clear that Americans are
               | practically vegetarian, in aggregate.
               | 
               | 70% plants is absolutely "practically vegetarian"
               | compared to, say, a diet consistent with the pre-
               | agricultural evolutionary environment of most Americans.
               | Personally, in excess of 90% of my caloric intake comes
               | from animals (and I am visibly and medically healthier
               | than 95% of Americans, even health-focused herbivores, as
               | are people I know who eat similarly).
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Preindustrial diets where mostly plant based in
               | aggregate. Even if you look before agriculture estimates
               | place typical hunter gatherers at about 65% plant based
               | with extreme variation. Which is the same ratio as
               | Americans eat when you exclude those sweeteners.
               | 
               | Longer term surviving examples tended to have a higher
               | meat based ratio largely because they lived on islands or
               | in more marginal areas. However, looking at land area and
               | population density estimates adjusts the ratio
               | significantly.
               | 
               | Some of this needs to be inferred from things like Native
               | American tribal densities and is further confused as
               | diseases decimated native populations throwing off those
               | density estimates. Still the idea of our ancestors eating
               | a primarily meat based diet seems to be a mistake.
        
               | wyager wrote:
               | > Preindustrial diets where mostly plant based in
               | aggregate.
               | 
               | You're telling me my snow-bound ancestors were eating
               | vegetables in the dead of winter, prior to the advent of
               | agriculture?
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Vegetarian populations have different deficiencies than
               | other populations but overall they aren't worse lifespans
               | than other populations with similar economic backgrounds.
        
               | wyager wrote:
               | > they aren't worse lifespans than other populations with
               | similar economic backgrounds
               | 
               | Even if this is true, it's tremendously misleading
               | because (globally) vegetarian populations tend to be
               | quite poor.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | To the extent that's true, it also demonstrates the false
               | causality in your own claim: poverty, not the absence of
               | meat _per se_ , is the cause of all the things you're
               | blaming vegetarian diets for.
        
               | wyager wrote:
               | Obviously the people I'm comparing against each other are
               | in the same social-economic stratum. Even after
               | conditioning for other factors, the costs of bad
               | (vegetable-based) diets are significant.
               | 
               | And, of course, there is a bidirectional causality with
               | poor people getting bad food, which stunts their
               | development, which keeps them poor.
        
           | lucidguppy wrote:
           | Looking at plants and beans...
           | 
           | ... you sure about that?
           | 
           | What did the Okinawans get most of their calories from? Sweet
           | potatoes.. how much animal protein in their diet? 3 percent
           | https://www.bluezones.com/2017/05/okinawa-diet-eating-
           | living...
           | 
           | If you eat enough calories per day from real plant foods -
           | getting protein deficiency is impossible.
        
           | CyanBird wrote:
           | I mean, there are, but what's even more important than going
           | vegan bc that's not feasible for everybody right now, is to
           | _reduce_ total meat consumption as much as possible, rather
           | than these token  "1 day a week without meat" it ought to be
           | the other way around, 1 or 2 days a week _with_ meat, other
           | days eating tasty well cooked and seasoned food, lentils
           | different types of beans, rice, soups, maybe add these small
           | cubes of  "chicken flavorant" in there too which are made
           | with left overs of poultry production and don't directly
           | contribute that much to the agro industry
        
           | arglebarglegar wrote:
           | ehh, I don't eat meat and it only takes slightly more effort
           | to get enough protein. There are entire cultures that do it
        
           | yboris wrote:
           | Beans and rice, for example, are cheaper and healthier than
           | meat. Just about any vegetable you can pick up is healthier
           | than meat.
        
         | betwixthewires wrote:
         | What sort of alternatives? Chicken, sheep and goats?
         | 
         | Personally I want to stop buying meat. I'll probably start
         | hunting once or twice a year and fill a freezer.
        
         | yummybear wrote:
         | Mitigating climate change is not solved by a single action.
         | This is great news - it's something that is immediately
         | actionable. Changing peoples diets can take years and years of
         | campaigning, and some will never change.
        
           | while1fork wrote:
           | It's not "great news," it's a drop in the bucket. Only the
           | end of FF extraction and large-scale bio oceanic carbon
           | capture and sequestration (CCS) (phytoplankton and/or kelp,
           | GMO possibly) can bring about a net negative carbon budget to
           | get back to preindustrial levels soon enough before human
           | civilization collapses.
           | 
           | Another example is Iceland's direct air capture plant. It is
           | immensely expensive, power-hungry, and unable to scale. Such
           | approaches are doomed to fail because they are big
           | engineering solutions that don't utilize life to do more of
           | the work for us. If we don't solve the problem at scale, soon
           | enough, in a cost-effective manner, then we die.
        
           | yboris wrote:
           | Have you stopped eating meat? Or are you saying "my
           | contribution is just a drop in the bucket, so I may as well
           | continue eating meat?"
           | 
           | Of course government action is better than individual action.
           | But why not both? Signal your discontent by removing yourself
           | from the meat market.
        
             | anonymoushermit wrote:
             | > _Have you stopped eating meat?_
             | 
             | No.
             | 
             | > _Or are you saying "my contribution is just a drop in the
             | bucket, so I may as well continue eating meat?"_
             | 
             | Compared to, say, global shipping, meat itself is a drop in
             | the bucket.
             | 
             | > _Of course government action is better than individual
             | action._
             | 
             | I wish this were sarcasm.
             | 
             | > _But why not both?_
             | 
             | Because the promoted alternative (soy) makes people docile
             | and easier to control. No, thank you.
        
               | yboris wrote:
               | > Because the promoted alternative (soy) makes people
               | docile and easier to control.
               | 
               | This is a bold empirical claim. Do you have any credible
               | reasons to believe this that you could share?
        
               | anonymoushermit wrote:
               | https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/foods-that-lower-
               | testos...
               | 
               | https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/17/science/aggression-in-
               | men...
        
               | yboris wrote:
               | How do you conclude that people consuming soy are "easier
               | to control"? Are women "easier to control"? Are you also
               | saying that becoming more woman-like is problematic?
        
               | EvilEy3 wrote:
               | > Are you also saying that becoming more woman-like is
               | problematic?
               | 
               | As a man, yes.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > Compared to, say, global shipping, meat itself is a
               | drop in the bucket.
               | 
               | According to this, livestock & manure are 5.8% of the
               | total, while shipping is 1.7% of the total:
               | https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-sector
               | 
               | IIRC the actual level of change we need to achieve long-
               | term stability is something like 99%-99.9% reduction
               | (depending on the gas, CH4 != CO2). If so, we'd have to
               | eliminate about half of shipping emissions even if we
               | eliminated 100% of the emissions in every other sector,
               | but that's even worse for your argument as it also means
               | we have to eliminate 5/6ths of all livestock & manure
               | emissions if we eliminated 100% of everything else.
        
               | Zababa wrote:
               | > IIRC the actual level of change we need to achieve
               | long-term stability is something like 99%-99.9% reduction
               | 
               | This is impossible to attain though.
        
               | convolvatron wrote:
               | not impossible at all. we just have to wait for the
               | oncoming economic collapse, famine and mass migration.
               | the great part of this whole thing is that the more we
               | double down on the systems that brought us here, the more
               | they will be undermined.
               | 
               | I wish people would stop pretending we have a choice to
               | do nothing because the whole thing is just going to be
               | too inconvenient.
        
               | Zababa wrote:
               | > I wish people would stop pretending we have a choice to
               | do nothing because the whole thing is just going to be
               | too inconvenient.
               | 
               | But we do? There's no pretension here, no action is
               | always a choice. That doesn't mean that we will be free
               | from the consequences of course. I think many people are
               | betting, consciously or not, on the fact that we can keep
               | going like this until the day they die and then they
               | won't have to care about the consequences.
        
               | EvilEy3 wrote:
               | > we just have to wait for the oncoming economic
               | collapse, famine and mass migration. the great part of
               | this whole thing is that the more we double down on the
               | systems that brought us here, the more they will be
               | undermined
               | 
               | Uhuh, we just need to wait until you stop reading
               | dystopian books and will leave your basement.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Perhaps, perhaps not. I'm optimistic.
               | 
               | Also: while I wasn't thinking of this when I wrote the
               | previous post, if carbon capture powered by non-fossil
               | sources turned out to be useful (but not _so_ useful to
               | give us the exact opposite problem), that's still a
               | success.
        
             | ip26 wrote:
             | The ascetics haven't made much progress in fifty-odd years
             | of trying. I suspect going to extremes makes you less
             | relatable, which makes it hard to influence others,
             | limiting your impact. A flexitarian who eats a burger at a
             | social event once in a while might model a more
             | approachable lifestyle change for others...
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | EvilEy3 wrote:
         | See, thus is what's wrong with you people. Some of us want to
         | enjoy food, not to treat it like some necessary evil and stuff
         | whatever amount of crap we need.
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | Many people are already doing that. While various products are
         | already on the consumer market and more are in the pipeline,
         | and while I hope they collectively succeed in replacing it,
         | this takes time and money.
        
       | Haga wrote:
       | Agri culture is the car industries scape goat. I blame the
       | peasants for the gluttony.
        
       | Borrible wrote:
       | Which is some fine news for World's Top Beef Supplier on
       | Bloomberg.
       | 
       | What share of world wide greenhouse gas emissions by cow burbs is
       | it again?
       | 
       | Around four percent?
       | 
       | So Brazil maybe two percent?
       | 
       | And they reduce them by what? Let's say, by half?
       | 
       | That is one percent.
       | 
       | Well Okay...
       | 
       | It's a start.
        
       | ShrigmaMale wrote:
       | How does it affect taste? Cattle feed has a big effect on how
       | meat tastes and, to a lesser extent, milk.
        
       | betwixthewires wrote:
       | I do not understand this focus on methane. It is very short lived
       | in the atmosphere, it cannot accumulate like carbon dioxide can.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2021-09-11 23:02 UTC)