[HN Gopher] Atomic Gardening
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       Atomic Gardening
        
       Author : Borrible
       Score  : 43 points
       Date   : 2021-09-10 18:05 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.atlasobscura.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.atlasobscura.com)
        
       | frostburg wrote:
       | "Creso" wheat, which is a popular cultivar in its native Italy
       | and has been used around the world to create other variants, was
       | obtained from seeds irradiated with neutrons and gamma rays.
       | 
       | I always mention this to people irrationally worried about eating
       | GMO food featuring precise edits.
        
         | beaconstudios wrote:
         | I'm only vaguely familiar with the GMO debate, but isn't the
         | primary concern that they make food into controllable IP,
         | locking farmers into a SaaS-like subscription lock in, not
         | allowed to replant their own seeds?
         | 
         | Although I'm sure there are people who are just worried about
         | the scary-sounding nature of "genetic modification", the IP
         | angle struck me as a reasonable concern when I heard it.
        
           | tialaramex wrote:
           | For modern industrial farming (ie not you on a patch of
           | ground you manage with tools you can pick up and carry) seeds
           | are usually anyway purchased in bulk from a specialist. What
           | you've described _is_ a problem, but it 's coincidental to
           | the existence of GM.
           | 
           | AIUI The spectre of GMO preventing seed saving got into the
           | picture by the following route:
           | 
           | 1. GMO opponents feared a GMO could spread in the wild, which
           | sure enough can happen, and as with the whole "Vaccine might
           | turn me into a chimp" (the Astrazeneca vaccine is based on a
           | virus that infects Chimpanzees) thing they exaggerated the
           | resulting risk, they argued that it's possible for genetics
           | from the GMO to be copied into other things. So, maybe your
           | weedkiller resistance gene gets copied into the weeds by some
           | means.
           | 
           | 2. GMO developers went OK, we can make a "terminator" feature
           | so the modified plants don't reproduce, mitigating the
           | problem. Nobody relies on self-seeding of crops for
           | industrialised farming anyway and that'll fix your concern
           | right?
           | 
           | 3. Terminator is now an excuse to say the GMO seeds are
           | deliberately broken to prevent seed saving.
           | 
           | This is especially remarkable because Terminator is a
           | specific feature, not included in most GM organisms, so, if
           | that's _really_ what you 're afraid of then you'd only be
           | opposed to those GMOs not the whole concept.
        
             | beaconstudios wrote:
             | Thanks for the clarification, sounds like the usual
             | rationalisation dance from when people are resistant to
             | something new.
        
               | Tuna-Fish wrote:
               | And just to expand on the above, modern farming heavily
               | exploits heterosis (1) for greatly improved yields and
               | healthier crops, even when not using "GMO" crops.
               | 
               | This means that while seed saving is, strictly speaking,
               | possible, it is uneconomical -- properly fully
               | heterozygotic seeds coming from an organization dedicated
               | to making them will yield so much more than the second
               | generation descending from those seeds (or any other
               | natural seed stock) that everyone will gladly pay for
               | them.
               | 
               | (1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterosis
        
           | R0b0t1 wrote:
           | No, it's not the main concern usually. Most people who are
           | anti-GMO are against the gene editing part and its potential
           | effects on the human genome.
           | 
           | If you probe deeply enough you realize there's not much
           | there.
        
           | a1369209993 wrote:
           | > isn't the primary concern that they make food into
           | controllable IP, locking farmers into a SaaS-like
           | subscription lock in, not allowed to replant their own seeds?
           | 
           | That's _a_ concern (along with IP trolls suing farmers for
           | infringment after cross-pollination and  "terminator"
           | features of GM crops's pollen interfering with self-seeding
           | of said cross-pollinated crops), but IME it seems like the
           | _primary_ concern (ie, of most people complaining about it)
           | is the stupid scary-soundingness one. (Which is annoying,
           | because the former is a very real and serious problem, as it
           | exacerbates existing centralization of food production.)
        
           | frostburg wrote:
           | What you mention is a genuine concern (however as far as I
           | understand the issue is not precisely that one - it's not
           | generally efficient for farmers to use their own seeds
           | anyway), but I'm talking about people that think that GMO
           | food is going to harm their health for nebulous reasons.
        
       | anfractuosity wrote:
       | I wonder if it's possible to DIY this, but using say a beta
       | emitter, I just found:
       | 
       | "Beta particles are less damaging but have greater penetration
       | than alpha particles, and can cause DNA mutation and cell
       | damage."
       | 
       | Theoretically could you use an electron gun in a vacuum chamber
       | to cause mutations in a seed?
        
         | isoprophlex wrote:
         | Sure, I guess any mutagen would do, as long as you have some
         | control over the dosage.
         | 
         | Mutagenic chemicals might work equally well. Would be super
         | annoying/dangerous to work with compared to flipping a switch
         | on an electron gun though.
        
           | mimac wrote:
           | The mutagenesis is not the rate limiting step, its the
           | screening of positive mutants.
        
       | joatmon-snoo wrote:
       | Fun fact: mutagenized crops are generally not considered to be
       | GMOs.
       | 
       | From https://geneticliteracyproject.org/gmo-faq/glp-tackles-
       | one-o... :
       | 
       | > [...] chemical/physical mutagenesis and a lot of other
       | techniques are "unnaturally" performed "in the lab" but are not
       | classified as GMOs.
        
         | SigmundA wrote:
         | So is the problem with categorizing anything, nature doesn't
         | care about neat categories and honestly neither do we.
         | 
         | We have genetically modified almost every organism we eat the
         | only difference is the method of modification.
         | 
         | When does something become GMO? Selective breeding?
         | Mutagenesis? Marker assisted breeding? Targeted gene insertion?
         | Who decides and why?
        
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