[HN Gopher] Nuclear War Survival Skills (1987)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Nuclear War Survival Skills (1987)
        
       Author : marcodiego
       Score  : 123 points
       Date   : 2021-09-10 14:07 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.oism.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.oism.org)
        
       | timonoko wrote:
       | In 1970's the doctrine of Finnish Army was very much post-nuclear
       | prolonged guerrilla/revenge war. We learned that fresh birch-
       | leaves are nukular-free nourishment unlike berries and mushrooms
       | or small animals. Also you must dust yourself with fir branches
       | frequently for fall-out particles.
        
         | nabla9 wrote:
         | To feed any meaningful number of men who move a lot, that's not
         | enough.
         | 
         | Instead of hunting, you visit local farms that have stored hay
         | safe from the fallout and have cattle kept indoors. You take
         | what you need and leave receipt.
        
           | timonoko wrote:
           | Actually birch leaves have nourishment value close potatoes
           | to 400 kcal/100 grams as I recall. And lots of vitamin C. But
           | they taste very bad. We tested that too, with prolonged
           | boiling and Tabasco, birch leaves are at least semi-edible.
           | 
           | This scene we were presented was a wasteland, no farmers
           | left. The purpose of this operation was too keep the
           | wasteland wasted. Some Estonian "Forest Brothers" survived 40
           | years to see their country free again. That was the doctrine
           | at that time.
        
             | nabla9 wrote:
             | Product: Birch leaves minced - Bulk       Characteristic
             | Look and color: Green         Flavor: Bitter herbal
             | Nutrition 100 g: kJ 66 / Kcal 16,         total fat 0,2 g
             | of which saturated fat 0 g,        Carbohydrate 3 g, of
             | which sugar 1,8 g,        protein 7 g
             | 
             | 16 kcal seems more reasonable.
        
               | timonoko wrote:
               | Cant argue with facts at the moment. All I know birch is
               | more fulfilling than Reindeer Moss that former SS-officer
               | Noko was enjoying in 1944.
               | 
               | However. This book from 1963 seems familiar "Guerilla
               | Warfare, conditions and outlines". Maybe there is some
               | cooking recipes, too: https://www.doria.fi/bitstream/hand
               | le/10024/130579/Sotataido...
        
               | nabla9 wrote:
               | Official up to date recipes:
               | 
               | Puolustusvoimat, Luonnonmuonaohje (LUMO) 1985
               | 
               | https://puolustusvoimat.fi/documents/1948673/2258487/PEVI
               | EST...
               | 
               | Tuon mukaan koivunlehtia pitaa syoda 1.1 kiloa elinvoimat
               | yllapitavan (5 MJ) energian saamiseksi, eli olisi hieman
               | parempi kuin pettu. Ei hullumpi (108 kcal/100g) Noin
               | suurta maaraa ei suositella.
        
               | timonoko wrote:
               | Yes. "Luonnonmuonaohje" is the word. On this particular
               | kayaking trip I was totally obsessed with post-holocaust
               | living on the Baltic sea. Macaroni/BirchLeaves/Tabasco
               | was the menu. You can get used to it.
               | https://youtu.be/0P-wd3qzCBA
        
               | friendly_chap wrote:
               | Something is off with that calculation. Carbs and protein
               | = 4kcal per gramm, fat is 9kcal per gramm.
               | 
               | 0.2*9 + 7*4 + 3*4 = 41.8kcal
               | 
               | Not going to make you fat but not too shabby either,
               | especially the protein content. Seems you run into
               | protein toxicity issues pretty fast around 1000kcal, but
               | if you enter ketosis it might be a good way to protein so
               | your muscles don't waste.
        
               | [deleted]
        
       | User23 wrote:
       | A number of diagrams in the print edition are 1:1 scale and won't
       | work at any other size. If you want this book be sure to get a
       | correct print edition.
        
       | zabzonk wrote:
       | My Dad's strategy for survival was: buy lots of canned goods. At
       | the time of the Cuban Missile Crisis he was an RAF V-bomber
       | captain, and when he wasn't on QRA he would rush into our flat in
       | Doncaster, dump tins of beans and rush out again. I was about 9
       | years old at the time, and didn't really grasp what might be
       | about to happen.
       | 
       | It was all a bit futile really - the base he flew from
       | (Finningley) was then one of the RAF's biggest bases, and would
       | have been smeared as a prime target. Doncaster, around five miles
       | from the base would have been incinerated.
       | 
       | As someone that spent most of his young life living in nuclear
       | bulls-eyes, I do sometimes feel a bit lucky!
        
         | CodeGlitch wrote:
         | > he was an RAF V-bomber captain
         | 
         | Massive respect, I love the whole history surrounding the
         | V-bombers.
        
           | mhh__ wrote:
           | Are you american? I'm just curious because that's the
           | impression I get from "Massive respect".
           | 
           | The V-Bombers are very cool, of course, highly recommend Mark
           | Felton's YouTube channel as he has some very niche stories
           | about them e.g. simulated bombing missions of the east coast.
        
             | zabzonk wrote:
             | Pah! You call those niche! How about flying a booster for
             | the UK's crappy space programme in the Vulcan's bomb-bay
             | from Lincolnshire to the Woomera rocket site, Australia,
             | illegally crossing Indonesian airspace on the way, because
             | they figured out that the Indonesians would probably not
             | detect the Vulcan (early stealth) and if they did they had
             | nothing that could intercept it. And then the whole Vulcan
             | crew fell asleep for about an hour, while the plane carried
             | on on autopilot.
             | 
             | Strange but true - my Dad was the captain.
        
               | mhh__ wrote:
               | The fact that we developed a rocket and then immediately
               | scrapped it is really testament to the spirit of the
               | British government.
        
             | CodeGlitch wrote:
             | Thanks for the Youtube links, something to watch this
             | weekend.
             | 
             | No I'm British - I wasn't aware that "massive respect" was
             | American, and shall try and correct my error :)
        
       | trixie_ wrote:
       | We need to be more aware that there are many submarines in the
       | ocean with 200 long range nuclear warheads each. One sub can
       | pretty much hit every city within a 4,000 mile radius. It's a
       | terrifying constant threat that the vast majority of people are
       | oblivious to.
        
         | amanaplanacanal wrote:
         | Actually this is quite interesting. Some propose that the US
         | should get rid of all land based deterrence, since the "enemy"
         | whoever they are, would use bunker Busters against land based
         | missiles, causing much more damage than if they only used air
         | bursts against cities. I'm inclined to think they are right.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Some past threads:
       | 
       |  _Nuclear War Survival Skills (1987) [pdf]_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15305892 - Sept 2017 (213
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Nuclear War Survival Skills (1987)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9158642 - March 2015 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _Nuclear war survival skills (1987 Edition)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1283571 - April 2010 (15
       | comments)
        
       | alexgmcm wrote:
       | Having seen Threads, I'm not sure surviving a nuclear war would
       | even be desirable.
        
         | RGamma wrote:
         | IMO not. Large-enough scale nuclear war would indicate to me a
         | colossal failure as a species. It might be best to leave behind
         | the fellow apes for good.
         | 
         | Will watch the movie.
        
           | ramses0 wrote:
           | "Failsafe" too. Old, black and white. Spooky. :-)
        
           | wing-_-nuts wrote:
           | ...don't. This movie was horror on an existential level, and
           | left me with a firm conviction that surviving a nuclear war
           | would be the worst of all outcomes.
        
             | RGamma wrote:
             | The worst it could do is broaden my horizon. As long as
             | it's fiction I don't mind, but thanks for your concern :)
        
         | aqsalose wrote:
         | I thought the picture Threads painted was silly at the later
         | parts. After the nuclear war, the next generation loses grammar
         | and ability to speak coherent sentences?
         | 
         | Just because it is gritty, doesn't mean it is realistic. WW1
         | and WW2 both managed to be horrifying in _unanticipated_ ways.
        
         | echoradio wrote:
         | Watching "Threads" made me realize I want to be at ground zero
         | if I'm ever in the vicinity of a target for a nuclear strike.
        
         | ganSo wrote:
         | True. Watching that movie was a mistake. I just felt bad the
         | entire time. Just felt like absolute ass. There is something to
         | be said about art that just makes you feel awful the entire
         | time.
        
         | shrimp_emoji wrote:
         | That's more insane than having the war.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WmMqMYgswsA&t=609s
        
       | UpHereAlone wrote:
       | I bought a pack of iodine pills when Trump starting taunting King
       | Jong Un on Twitter calling him "Rocketman".
       | 
       | Would they realistically protect someone from the immediate
       | effects of the radiation from a nuclear bomb?
        
         | time0ut wrote:
         | No. They protect your thyroid from absorbing radioactive
         | iodine. You still have to protect yourself from other forms of
         | fallout. The linked book goes into extreme detail on all
         | aspects of this.
        
       | nimbius wrote:
       | After reading the book, its pretty clear why most world leaders
       | abandoned the idea of thermonuclear war as anything but a
       | culpable strategy.
       | 
       | Nuclear weapons with a twenty (or more) mile radius of fallout
       | have the immediate ability to bridge the class divide. Whereas
       | traditional munitions disproportionately interact with the poor
       | (soldiers and combatants) a nuclear detonation could thrust an
       | opulent family into fallout bunker squalor in mere minutes, and
       | pin them there for half a decade. the prospect of survival
       | contingent not on your wealth as in a traditional war, but on
       | your interpersonal and improvisational survival skill was
       | certainly looked upon with scorn.
        
         | wongarsu wrote:
         | On the other hand the replacement of existing hierarchies with
         | meritocracy seems to be one of the appealing things of post-
         | apocalyptic scenarios for average people.
        
           | SavantIdiot wrote:
           | Yes, but what hierarchy would replace what we have now?
           | 
           | Do you want RoadWarrior/MadMax? Because that's how you get
           | RoadWarrior/MadMax.
        
             | chasd00 wrote:
             | right, the merit in "Post apocalyptic meritocracy" would be
             | the most equipped, most armed, most violent, and the most
             | followed.
        
               | SavantIdiot wrote:
               | Looking back at ancient cultures, how many millenia would
               | it take for Grecian democratic ideals to re-evolve from a
               | hoard of gun toting MAGAs? Let alone Descartes level
               | introspection?
        
           | Iolaum wrote:
           | Until you factor in there that merit in immoral behaviors
           | such as pillaging, looting and bullying will also be a big
           | factor.
        
           | themaninthedark wrote:
           | In that sort of survival situation, meritocracy would mean
           | survival of the fittest. But not necessarily the person with
           | the most/best survival skills. You will have different groups
           | lead by what they perceive is the "best" person.
           | 
           | Your local groups will probably consist of:
           | 
           | Religious groups
           | 
           | Groups centered around politicians
           | 
           | Scouting groups
           | 
           | Survivalists
           | 
           | Law enforcement groups
           | 
           | Military groups
           | 
           | Gangs
           | 
           | Each of those groups will be vying for control of limited
           | resources with varying degrees of violence.
           | 
           | For the average person, all they will see is a rapid decrease
           | of the average lifespan. The leaders who make it to the top
           | will do everything in their power to keep themselves and
           | those who they favor at the top.
           | 
           | I think a good example of this is North Korea, Afghanistan or
           | any of the other Middle East countries where the government
           | collapsed and there was not a single clear leader.
        
             | 7952 wrote:
             | Group's can succeed because they are communal. The
             | survivalist idea of an isolated compound does not work.
             | Because the larger group of people who can _work together_
             | will out man you. The best survival strategy is to make
             | friends with your neighbors. And to be in a town and city
             | with less territory to control. Ethnic communities can do
             | this kind of thing really well.
        
           | mtoner23 wrote:
           | Post apocalyptic meritocracy doesn't poll very well last i
           | checked
        
             | kypro wrote:
             | Worse, it doesn't even seem realistic. Far more likely
             | you'll have anarchy and those with the resources to do so
             | will create social hierarchies.
        
               | themaninthedark wrote:
               | It would be a meritocracy of sorts, but what talents
               | would you be optimizing for?
               | 
               | My guess would be: Willingness to use violence, cunning,
               | manipulation, organization.
        
               | throaway46546 wrote:
               | Doesn't sound all that different from the status quo.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | Exactly
        
               | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
               | You'd just get rule by sociopaths - as usual.
               | 
               | No genuine meritocracy anywhere.
        
               | swader999 wrote:
               | Yes, watch or read The Road.
        
               | ProjectArcturis wrote:
               | No thank you, once is enough.
        
               | swader999 wrote:
               | Indeed.
        
           | duxup wrote:
           | You're going to be in a new one. Generally, I expect it won't
           | be very pleasant / the 'law' a bit less predictable.
        
           | Emma_Goldman wrote:
           | Meritocracy is economically efficient but often congeals into
           | an ideological dogma justifying a plutocracy of the talented,
           | even though talent is - to a very great extent - an
           | undeserved function of genes and environment outwith one's
           | control.
        
             | hospadar wrote:
             | Personal hot take on meritocracy: I think that "talent" is
             | a tricky thing. Meritocracy (which I might define as "how
             | much you get/are paid/are given access to is based on your
             | talent and/or contribution to society") based on talent
             | sounds maybe sort-of fair if "talent" is either innate or
             | purely self-driven.
             | 
             | If instead "talent" is (primarily) about the quality and
             | extent of your training/schooling (and there's a lot of
             | research to suggest that in most domains, it is) than even
             | a very effective meritocracy is going to (IMO) perpetuate
             | wealth and class disparities (5-year-olds don't decide to
             | go to a great preschool and pay for it themselves, their
             | parents do).
             | 
             | If I were a wizard trying to make a society with lots of
             | upwards mobility I'd make it a lot harder to transmit
             | generational wealth/privilege and try a lot harder to make
             | sure everyone has the same resources/opportunities. I'm
             | sure that would come with a ton of its own problems (even
             | outside of just pissing people off), but it does seem worth
             | at least acknowledging that any kind of merit-based
             | assessment of people is going to be super biased towards
             | those with wealth and privilege.
             | 
             | It seems very unlikely to me that an apocalypse scenario
             | would lead to a _more_ merit-based society - rather that it
             | would wipe out a lot of social protections & aids that _do_
             | exist (both from the government and civil society at large)
             | for those currently at the bottom of the economic ladder.
             | Whether we'd go feudal or just kinda-worse-than-we-are-now
             | I certainly have no idea.
        
               | arethuza wrote:
               | The work that coined the term _meritocracy_ was actually
               | describing a dystopia - for the very reasons you mention
               | around education:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rise_of_the_Meritocracy
        
             | javert wrote:
             | That only bothers people who want to make life "fair" at
             | the expense of what is practical.
             | 
             | There is a reason we let people keep the wealth they build.
             | It's not because it's "fair." It's because taking it away,
             | and having the brutes or demagogues decide how to
             | distribute it, makes the society a hellhole.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | "Demagogues decide how to distribute it, makes the
               | society a hellhole"
               | 
               | Fortunately corporate management and promotions are so
               | different frin politics, no way would a demagogue or
               | someine incompetent be in position of power and decide
               | how to distribute wealth
        
               | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
               | You should try visiting the Scandinavian hellholes to see
               | how bad this can get.
               | 
               | They're so backward they don't even have hundreds of
               | thousands of health insurance bankruptcies every year.
        
               | opo wrote:
               | >>...There is a reason we let people keep the wealth they
               | build.
               | 
               | >You should try visiting the Scandinavian hellholes...
               | 
               | It is misleading to group all of the Scandinavian
               | countries together in terms of wealth inequality.
               | 
               | Here are the latest available wealth inequality numbers
               | for the Scandinavian countries:
               | 
               | Denmark 0.838
               | 
               | Finland 0.742
               | 
               | Iceland 0.694
               | 
               | Norway 0.798
               | 
               | Sweden 0.867
               | 
               | As a comparison the US is 0.852
               | 
               | The entire range for the world (where there are stats) is
               | 0.498 - 0.902
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_wealth
               | _in...
        
               | javert wrote:
               | Wouldn't work in the Americas, which have a far lower
               | average level of human capital. You can't redistribute
               | what has not been produced. There are lots of examples of
               | this in history.
               | 
               | By the way, the US health system crisis is caused by
               | regulatory capture. There is no way to regulate the
               | regulators to prevent this. At least, not in a failed
               | democracy such as the US.
               | 
               | Probably the only way to regulate the regulators in a
               | society as complex as the US and most other countries
               | (contra Scandinavia) is with strict constitutional
               | principles. That's the only way I know. Once you put
               | "people" in charge, corruption and other dysfunctions
               | eventually reign.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | Are there any "not failed" democracies in your
               | estimation? If so, what are they doing right that the US
               | is doing wrong? Or is the whole Democratic experiment a
               | failure?
        
               | mikem170 wrote:
               | (not the person you are replying to...)
               | 
               | One might look at Switzerland. A big difference between
               | there and the U.S. seems to be that the people can
               | petition for a vote on adding or removing any law or
               | amendment they don't like, at any of their three levels
               | of government. Contrast that to the U.S., where this
               | ability doesn't exist in most places, including the
               | federal government which was designed to be responsive to
               | the states and not the people.
               | 
               | The Swiss also have a tradition of local power where
               | possible, to the point that most of their social programs
               | such as health care are handled by cantons (states) that
               | average a third of a million people each. While in the
               | U.S. we have literally a thousand times that many people
               | arguing over health care at the federal level.
               | 
               | Here's a bunch of info on the Swiss political system:
               | https://wolf-linder.ch/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Swiss-
               | poli...
        
           | foobarian wrote:
           | It is an interesting question how various countries would
           | turn out after a big civilization reset like a nuclear war.
           | Seems like it would likely go the feudal route with the
           | cruelest warlords rising to the top in various locales
           | (pretty much like narco-lord ruled Mexico). How would the
           | United States turn out? Would the Ohio valley turn into its
           | own kingdom? Texas its own? All of Northeast probably. I wish
           | there was historical fiction along these lines.
        
             | wongarsu wrote:
             | A lot probably depends on the amount of infrastructure left
             | standing. In most of history kingdoms/empires would grow to
             | roughly a week's travel time from the capital, since that's
             | an area that can be effectively governed. Anything larger
             | than that needs a strong local government, which eventually
             | causes a separatist movement.
             | 
             | If a nuclear war destroys a large portion of highways and
             | communication equipment, you probably end up with Houston
             | being ruled by one group, Dallas by another and San Antonio
             | forming a government with Austin.
        
               | genericuser314 wrote:
               | I think in any scenario where "nuclear war destroys a
               | large portion of highways and communication equipment"
               | then Houston, Dallas, San Antonio, and Austin will all be
               | smoking craters.
               | 
               | Here's the 1990 FEMA assessment of nuclear targets in
               | Texas:
               | https://www.webpal.org/SAFE/state/TX/tx_nuclear.htm
               | 
               | Assuming that's accurate, my guess is that Odessa/Midland
               | and Laredo would be Texas's major population centers.
        
             | arethuza wrote:
             | I can recommend _A Canticle for Leibowitz_ - it covers your
             | last point:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Canticle_for_Leibowitz
        
             | AlbertCory wrote:
             | I wouldn't call it "historical fiction" since that takes
             | "what really happened" as its starting point. On DDG, a
             | query of "post apocalyptic fiction" finds over 1,000 books.
             | 
             | I don't think all of them (e.g. _The Hunger Games_ ) are
             | what you're after, but some of them surely are.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.goodreads.com/list/show/1840.Best_Post_Apoc
             | alypt...
        
             | tristor wrote:
             | > I wish there was historical fiction along these lines.
             | 
             | Ah, but there is. I highly recommend S.M. Stirling's
             | Emberverse series:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emberverse_series
             | 
             | Well worth the read. One Second After:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Second_After is another
             | great choice.
        
               | scruple wrote:
               | Ah, thank you so much for linking "One Second After." I
               | had seen someone recommend this book on HN previously but
               | had lost track of the comment and the title of the book.
        
               | ornornor wrote:
               | Just finished reading One {second,year} after. It was
               | entertaining but a lot of the story revolves around
               | military inspired heroics and battles. You can tell the
               | author is into military fiction.
        
             | themaninthedark wrote:
             | Not strictly nuclear war but
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucifer%27s_Hammer is a great
             | read about if a comet nucleus hits the earth, immediate
             | aftermath/ survival and ends with society just beginning to
             | reform.
        
               | Steltek wrote:
               | Ironically, in that book a nuclear power station is a
               | plot device and the key to humanity's survival.
        
           | leto_ii wrote:
           | I find your take comically misguided and naive.
           | 
           | There are, first of all, some basic things that need to be
           | established: what is merit? how do you rank people based on
           | their merit? can this ranking be objective and absolute? are
           | the people with most "merit" also the most moral or capable
           | to lead? are differences in merit meaningful in any way? why
           | would the most "meritorious" end up on top after the
           | apocalypse?
           | 
           | Aside from this, I'm pretty sure that life after a nuclear
           | holocaust will be much worse for the average survivor than
           | their life before the event. At best people would revert to
           | some pre-modern self-governing communes (which are not
           | necessarily a bad thing, it's just that they would lack a lot
           | of things in terms of healthcare, nutrition etc.). At worst
           | we would get Mad Max or Cormac McCarthy's "The Road" or smth
           | along those lines.
        
         | thesuperbigfrog wrote:
         | >> the prospect of survival contingent not on your wealth as in
         | a traditional war, but on your interpersonal and
         | improvisational survival skill was certainly looked upon with
         | scorn.
         | 
         | Why wouldn't wealth come into play?
         | 
         | The wealthy have more resources to prepare for any kind of
         | contingency to include nuclear war:
         | 
         | https://www.cnet.com/features/inside-the-survival-condo-nucl...
         | 
         | Granted, the reaction time needed to get into a protective
         | bunker is greatly reduced in a thermonuclear first strike, but
         | the poor don't even have a survival bunker to escape to.
        
         | JohnnyHerz wrote:
         | I see that you skipped the topic of Nuclear Warfare and went
         | straight to Class Warfare.
         | 
         | I surmise that you have a political point of view you wish to
         | propagate.
        
         | hollerith wrote:
         | >pin them there for half a decade
         | 
         | Try 3 weeks (details in the submitted book).
        
           | throwaway210222 wrote:
           | > Try 3 weeks
           | 
           | Unless you starting lobbing salted nukes at each other.
        
             | LargoLasskhyfv wrote:
             | Why so complicated? Just target nuclear power and
             | reprocessing plants.
        
         | howmayiannoyyou wrote:
         | Worry more about accidental or forced use. Worry less about
         | intentional use.
        
           | nimbius wrote:
           | What i was trying to get at I think was the supreme irony of
           | the apex of the cold war...that a nation so bent on the
           | destruction of class through marxist leninism forged in turn
           | the perfect sword to obliterate it, and that its capitalist
           | enemy at the time seemed to have no choice but to pursue an
           | utterly nihilist brinksmanship it knew it was forbidden to
           | pursue in any spirit other than rote patriotism.
           | 
           | the history of the bay of pigs comes to mind. Fidel Castro,
           | in my opinion, may have been the only communist to have the
           | outright conviction to use nuclear arms, save Leonid
           | Brezhnevs legendary temper and the Brezhnev doctrines closed
           | fisted threat to glass the soviet states who fell out of
           | line.
        
             | SavantIdiot wrote:
             | I'd really like to know why you're getting downvoted. This
             | is a fascinating observation.
        
             | chasd00 wrote:
             | During the Cuban Missile Crisis Castro was certainly ready
             | to use them and certainly ready to suffer the consequences.
             | 
             | Clip from Fog of War
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtUfBc4qQMg
        
         | pvg wrote:
         | Universal conscription, 'total war' efforts, etc, have crossed
         | class divides for the better part of a couple of centuries and
         | are still in wide use so that theory doesn't seem to have quite
         | the explanatory power you're suggesting.
        
         | phreeza wrote:
         | If you are unprepared and don't make use of your resources
         | _before_ war comes to your doorstep, conventional war also
         | bridges class divides just fine.
        
         | eplanit wrote:
         | The (proper) _strategic_ idea was as a deterrent, not _wanting_
         | to use them in an offensive manner. The strategy was in making
         | an attack on  "us" carry the high probability of annihilation
         | of the attacker, thereby discouraging it -- it wasn't about
         | "hey, let's nuke that country, then we'll gain an advantage".
        
           | fossuser wrote:
           | That came later iirc - initially they were thinking of using
           | them prior to running infantry in.
           | 
           | I think there are old public test videos where they actually
           | did this kind of thing.
           | 
           | I also recall a group of scientists trying to elevate the
           | understanding of the e-risk (pugwash conference?).
           | 
           | Basically people were becoming too comfortable with the idea
           | of nuclear war because they knew how to "duck and cover" and
           | had a little bomb shelter in the yard.
           | 
           | See this: https://youtu.be/IKqXu-5jw60
           | 
           | Dr. Strangelove is also worth watching for a satirical take
           | from that time.
        
             | malloryerik wrote:
             | Something unforgettable here:
             | 
             | Nuclear test in China, with supporting attacks by infantry
             | and cavalry, all in grand heroic style.
             | 
             | 3 1/2 minutes: https://youtu.be/CzRX06Xqu80
             | 
             | or the quick version: https://youtu.be/CzRX06Xqu80?t=81
        
               | rpeden wrote:
               | Looks like a similar idea to the Desert Rock tests [1].
               | Though I don't think any of the Desert Rock soldiers
               | galloped onto an atomic battlefield on horseback while
               | wearing a gas mask and wielding a sword like one of the
               | guys in your video did.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXX-1MIMr2E
        
               | malloryerik wrote:
               | Interesting, thanks.
        
             | tablespoon wrote:
             | >> The (proper) strategic idea was as a deterrent, not
             | _wanting_ to use them in an offensive manner. The strategy
             | was in making an attack on "us" carry the high probability
             | of annihilation for the attacker, thereby discouraging it
             | -- it wasn't about "hey, let's nuke that country, then
             | we'll gain an advantage".
             | 
             | > That came later iirc - initially they were thinking of
             | using them prior to running infantry in.
             | 
             | I think you have to differentiate strategic and battlefield
             | usages. IIRC, some people considered using them
             | strategically when the opponent couldn't retaliate in kind.
             | However, the Soviets had them within five years and the
             | Chinese had them by 1965, I think.
             | 
             | I think tactical battlefield uses were on the table for
             | much longer, because NATO felt like it could not win a
             | conventional war in Europe, but that may have taken the
             | form a nuking a corn field on your border (maybe even in
             | your territory) that the invading army is passing through.
             | It sounds like Russia may still have similar plans
             | ("escalate to de-escalate"
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactical_nuclear_weapon).
        
               | dsimms wrote:
               | or at sea! Nuclear mines, torpedos, etc. A lot easier to
               | take out that SSBN or carrier I guess.
        
               | genericuser314 wrote:
               | It's impossible to know what would have happened if they
               | hadn't, but if Julius and Ethel Rosenberg helping the
               | Soviets achieve nuclear parity prevented the US from
               | "using them when the opponent couldn't retaliate in kind"
               | then they should be thought of like Snowdens or Assanges.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_and_Ethel_Rosenberg#
               | Sov...
        
               | tablespoon wrote:
               | > It's impossible to know what would have happened if
               | they hadn't, but if Julius and Ethel Rosenberg helping
               | the Soviets achieve nuclear parity prevented the US from
               | "using them when the opponent couldn't retaliate in kind"
               | then they should be thought of like Snowdens or Assanges.
               | 
               | Eh, no. The Rosenbergs were consciously acting as spies
               | for a foreign power, which is treasonous conduct no
               | matter how you look at it.
               | 
               | Putting them next to Snowden makes _Snowden_ look bad. At
               | least publicly, he made every effort to avoid doing
               | anything like what they did.
               | 
               | Also, IIRC, MacArthur was relieved of command in Korea
               | because he wanted to nuke the Chinese, and that was
               | decades before they even had an atomic weapon to
               | retaliate with. That means you can't point to nuclear
               | parity as the only reason the US didn't use them after
               | the end of WWII.
        
               | pasabagi wrote:
               | Eh, they sent the USSR a couple of drawings of circles,
               | and Ethel Rosenberg apparently did some typing. They
               | were, loosely, spies for a foreign power, but their
               | impact was absolutely negligible and their execution was
               | essentially a lynching.
        
               | tablespoon wrote:
               | > Eh, they sent the USSR a couple of drawings of circles,
               | and Ethel Rosenberg apparently did some typing.
               | 
               | And all Snowden did was copy some files to some flash
               | drives. Describing significant acts in a mundane way
               | doesn't make them less significant, it just omits all the
               | important facts.
               | 
               | > They were, loosely, spies for a foreign power, but
               | their impact was absolutely negligible
               | 
               | This doesn't sound like "loosely":
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semyon_Semyonov
               | 
               | > In 1942 Semyonov persuaded Vasily Zarubin to transfer
               | Julius Rosenberg and his contacts from the CPUSA-Jacob
               | Golos channel to the direct control of the Rezidentura,
               | with himself as the assigned case officer. The actual
               | transfer occurred on Labor Day weekend, 7 September 1942,
               | at a meeting in Central Park. Bernard Schuster brought
               | Rosenberg to the meeting. Rosenberg was then subjected to
               | a thorough vetting and recruitment process to include
               | training in tradecraft and a probationary period.
               | Alexander Feklisov was assigned to assist in managing
               | Rosenberg. Once the formal recruitment of Rosenberg was
               | completed Semyonov used Rosenberg to conduct formal
               | recruitments of two of Rosenberg's friends from City
               | College of New York, Joel Barr and William Perl.
               | 
               | Impact is also irrelevant. If someone robs a bank, but
               | does it incompetently and only makes off with $50,
               | they're still guilty of robbery.
        
               | pasabagi wrote:
               | They were a young couple with infant children and they
               | were both electrocuted to death, in Ethel's case, for
               | typing out her husband's letters.
               | 
               | There's no collection of acronyms and russian names you
               | can add to that that makes it any less of a crime. Prison
               | would have been extreme. The electric chair was pure
               | barbarism.
        
               | tablespoon wrote:
               | > They were a young couple with infant children and they
               | were both electrocuted to death,
               | 
               | The appropriateness of the punishment is an entirely
               | separate issue.
               | 
               | > in Ethel's case, for typing out her husband's letters.
               | 
               | You're describing things in a misleadingly mundane way
               | again.
               | 
               | The relevant question there is "did she know what was
               | participating in?" If Julius robbed a bank and Ethel knew
               | about the plan, willingly drove the getaway car, and went
               | to jail for it; then it's misleading to say she went to
               | jail for "driving her husband around." She went to jail
               | for _being an accomplice to a crime_.
        
               | pasabagi wrote:
               | > You're describing things in a misleadingly mundane way
               | again.
               | 
               | I take your point, but why don't we turn this framing on
               | its head? 'Two soviet spies sentenced to the death
               | penalty for espionage', is less mundane, but it's also
               | correspondingly far less close to what objectively
               | happened. It's worth keeping in mind here that legal
               | language, especially around penal methods, has
               | justification and euphemism baked in. Legal language is a
               | way of framing mundane and often dimly connected events
               | so they make sense from the perspective of basic legal
               | categories: defendants, guilt, etc.
               | 
               | The actual concrete facts- they knew and stole nothing of
               | value, they died in excruciating agony, especially Ethel,
               | who was repeatedly electrocuted until she caught on fire,
               | and they left two children orphans, are all raw facts, no
               | framing needed. The legal dimension, the manners in which
               | we understand culpability, crime, and punishment is all a
               | structure that is used to describe, rationalize, and
               | interpret right and wrong in our society. The actual
               | penal system, the incarceration or execution of
               | criminals, is the concrete, real body of criminal law.
               | You can argue about the merits of _really-existing-
               | criminal-justice_ all you like, but you can 't exclude it
               | from the discussion.
        
               | genericuser314 wrote:
               | The degree to which our ethics should be
               | consequentialist, or they should evaluate intent is worth
               | discussing, but as consequences become more significant
               | intent becomes more insignificant. I don't care if
               | someone 'looks bad', or breaks _any_ law if they prevent
               | nuclear war.
               | 
               | Stanislav Petrov disobeyed orders in the face of "30
               | layers of verification" telling him to report 5 incoming
               | nuclear missiles.
        
           | 3pt14159 wrote:
           | Well it was at first. Even after Japan, the US Airforce
           | considered nuking Korea, but were eventually convinced not to
           | by the Marines and Army who argued that deploying nuclear
           | weapons risked a similar move by the Soviets on the
           | battlefield where soldiers were centralized. Remember that
           | the nukes back then were much, much smaller.
           | 
           | Also, a bit of a nitpick, but we do _use_ nuclear weapons. We
           | have for the past 70+ years. We haven 't _deployed_ them
           | since Japan, but their role as a deterrent is a form of use.
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | > it wasn't about "hey, let's nuke that country, then we'll
           | gain an advantage".
           | 
           | Initially LeMay wanted to strike the Soviets first with nukes
           | while the US had the monopoly on that technology, because his
           | reasoning was that when the Soviets would have it, they would
           | not hesitate one second to strike the US with it.
           | 
           | I can see his point, in the context of the time. Glad that
           | nobody followed his recommendations, though!
        
         | SavantIdiot wrote:
         | > the prospect of survival contingent not on your wealth as in
         | a traditional war
         | 
         | This hadn't occurred to me. And it makes perfect sense. See:
         | all the rich techbros buying up land in New Zealand [1], or the
         | Bush family buying up aquifer land in Paraguay[2]: get away
         | from the blast zones!
         | 
         | Did you read this from a book? I'd be interested in it.
         | 
         | [1] Crazy prepper site but a good article:
         | https://tacticalgunsurvival.com/why-rich-preppers-buy-land-i...
         | 
         | [2] https://5minforecast.com/2015/04/24/why-did-george-bush-
         | buy-...
        
         | xyzzy21 wrote:
         | Pretty much and especially if you live in a city - really no
         | survival is possible.
         | 
         | However, _some_ in rural areas would survive - the odds would
         | not be good but some would so humanity would survive the  "eye
         | of the needle" this would cause. Just not most people
         | individually.
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | > especially if you live in a city
           | 
           | yes, for multiple reasons:
           | 
           | - cities are clear targets for nuking
           | 
           | - even if partially nuked, a city would be unsustainable once
           | its roads and pathways are destroyed. Cities live by
           | concentrating massive amounts of food and resources from
           | outside cities, once the chain is broken a city falls.
        
           | Ekaros wrote:
           | I have absolutely no doubt human race would survive. We are
           | distributed enough and there is plenty of still developing
           | areas. Now modern civilization very much less so.
        
             | phreeza wrote:
             | We'd survive the first few months after nukes start to fly,
             | after that I'm not so sure. The vast majority of humans
             | live in areas where the climate and environment makes
             | survival without a lot of cultural knowledge very hard. Add
             | to that fallout, possible climate effects from the nukes, I
             | can easily see a non-zero probability of total extinction
             | within a couple of years.
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | I'm thinking of current subsistence farmers, specially in
               | Africa and South America. Nuclear war has some impact,
               | but I don't think all areas in world are heavily
               | affected. I doubt absolutely all of these will be hit to
               | extinction level. Developed countries on other hand
               | surely massive starvation to boot.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | I don't believe there are any Southern Hemisphere nuclear
               | powers currently. Would northern hemisphere powers
               | deliberately target folks in the Southern Hemisphere? If
               | not, I expect most of them would survive.
        
           | toss1 wrote:
           | Pretty close approximation for cities, although it depends on
           | the city geography & wind, the yield & number of denotations,
           | etc.
           | 
           | The most common first impression does seem to be that "of
           | course it's not survivable, why even think about it?".
           | 
           | However, a quick look at any map of effects shows that the
           | zone of survivable effects extends far beyond the reach of
           | lethal effects, to the extent that 90%+ of the total affected
           | zone is quite survivable for those who manage to avoid the
           | initial thermal radiation and flying debris from the shock
           | wave. Of course there are many who wouldn't want to live in
           | the aftermath, but that is a different question.
        
             | hdjjhhvvhga wrote:
             | > Of course there are many who wouldn't want to live in the
             | aftermath, but that is a different question.
             | 
             | A pretty important one, I think. Paramount to, "Would you
             | like to live in hell?" And especially having children -
             | you'd need to be extremely stupid or sadist to have a child
             | in such a world, especially knowing the high chances of
             | them being born malformed etc.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | Birth defects are not the problem here. Even cities which
               | were bombed in wwii didn't have extreme levels of birth
               | defects. The numbers I have seen estimate an increase
               | from the current 6% to something like 6.1% after nuclear
               | war. The completely breakdown of power generation and
               | supply chains would be a much bigger threat.
        
       | cwbuckm12 wrote:
       | I have the original handbook somewhere in my basement. Good read.
        
       | sleibrock wrote:
       | Reminds me about a game where you grab all your belongings as
       | quickly as you can, jump into your fallout shelter, and survive
       | for as many days as possible with your family. It's pretty
       | morbid.
       | 
       | https://store.steampowered.com/app/368360/60_Seconds/
        
       | theandrewbailey wrote:
       | > Original Edition Published September, 1979, by Oak Ridge
       | National Laboratory, a Facility of the U.S. Department of Energy
       | 
       | Since government works are public domain, I wonder why this text
       | (or another one like it) hasn't appeared in the Fallout game
       | series.
        
       | time0ut wrote:
       | I've read this book a few times now. It is quite interesting. I
       | am pretty sure if there was a nuclear war I would just be
       | screwed. I live about 15 miles from a naval base. My entire
       | survival strategy starts with "hope that Russian ICBMs are
       | accurate so I don't die instantly...". Not sure anything in the
       | book would help me after that point, but worth a shot I guess.
        
         | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
         | Pretty sure significant targets - larger cities and significant
         | facilities - would get a barrage instead of a single weapon.
         | 
         | Multiple relatively small warheads spread across an area are
         | far more damaging than a single super-nuke, which is why Tsar
         | Bombas fell out of fashion.
         | 
         | At one point it was rumoured there were _hundreds_ of warheads
         | aimed at Moscow. Even Dick Cheney was shocked when he found
         | out. It 's a reasonable guess Washington and London would have
         | had the same treatment.
         | 
         | I'm not sure anyone even knows what that would do to an area,
         | except possibly turn it into a pool of radioactive lava.
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | > Pretty sure significant targets - larger cities and
           | significant facilities - would get a barrage instead of a
           | single weapon.
           | 
           | Yup, this was already discussed (I forgot where, sorry)
           | before, I think the US back in the 70s or 80s had plans for
           | example to send at least 5 or 6 nukes on each target, just to
           | be sure they would be completely destroyed. And if I remember
           | correctly they had several dozens of thousands of targets,
           | meaning that everything apart from small villages would be
           | nuked to the ground. Even smaller cities, relatively
           | speaking.
        
       | runawaybottle wrote:
       | /armchair psychology
       | 
       | Disaster/collapse/conspiracy fantasies are a product of those who
       | were impacted by something that caused deep hurt in their life.
       | 
       | You imagine the abstraction of your pain via these fantasies.
       | However simple it was, or serious, you recollect through the
       | conduit of the world ending, for that's what it felt like to you.
       | 
       | Very odd, too human.
        
         | Tade0 wrote:
         | I'm the first in four generations of my family to not (yet)
         | experience war firsthand, so at least in my case it's more
         | about being aware how prone to conflict the area I live in is.
        
         | otikik wrote:
         | > conspiracy fantasies
         | 
         | Stanislav Petrov
        
       | howmayiannoyyou wrote:
       | When the book was first authored 6 or 7 states had nuclear
       | weapons, but only 2 had the means to deliver those weapons
       | intercontinentally. Today 8 or 9 states are nuclear capable and
       | most have intercontinental delivery systems.
       | 
       | Setting aside intentional use, the probability of accidental or
       | forced launch has increased significantly. The difference between
       | an industrial accident & military accidents are only semantic
       | after the fact; and some of these states have accident rates that
       | are deeply troubling.
       | 
       | One might reasonably expect Japan, S. Korea, Saudi Arabia and
       | others to join the nuclear club soon, particularly as/if the US
       | conventional deterrent fades & its nuclear umbrella deterrent
       | grows more uncertain.
        
         | PeterisP wrote:
         | Still, only 2 states have the power to unleash universal
         | destruction - all the others have delivery systems but they
         | don't have much quantity, so their weapons are essentially a
         | deterrent force that can be used to either retaliate for a
         | nuclear attack (thus, hopefully, preventing one) or used in an
         | ultimatum to prevent invasion of their homeland or
         | capitulation, but that's it, they can do extreme harm to the
         | target, killing millions of civilians, but they can't eliminate
         | an opponent state the way USA or Russia can.
        
         | tester756 wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Petrov
         | 
         | >Petrov was the duty officer at the command center for the Oko
         | nuclear early-warning system when the system reported that a
         | missile had been launched from the United States, followed by
         | up to five more. Petrov judged the reports to be a false alarm,
         | and his decision to disobey orders, against Soviet military
         | protocol, is credited with having prevented an erroneous
         | retaliatory nuclear attack on the United States and its NATO
         | allies that could have resulted in a large-scale nuclear war.
         | An investigation later confirmed that the Soviet satellite
         | warning system had indeed malfunctioned.
         | 
         | >Had Petrov reported incoming American missiles, his superiors
         | might have launched an assault against the United States,
         | precipitating a corresponding nuclear response from the United
         | States. Petrov declared the system's indication a false alarm.
         | Later, it was apparent that he was right: no missiles were
         | approaching and the computer detection system was
         | malfunctioning. It was subsequently determined that the false
         | alarm had been created by a rare alignment of sunlight on high-
         | altitude clouds above North Dakota and the Molniya orbits of
         | the satellites, an error later corrected by cross-referencing a
         | geostationary satellite.
         | 
         | >Petrov later indicated that the influences on his decision
         | included that he had been told a US strike would be all-out, so
         | five missiles seemed an illogical start; that the launch
         | detection system was new and, in his view, not yet wholly
         | trustworthy; that the message passed through 30 layers of
         | verification too quickly; and that ground radar failed to pick
         | up corroborative evidence, even after minutes of delay.
         | However, in a 2013 interview, Petrov said at the time he was
         | never sure that the alarm was erroneous. He felt that his
         | civilian training helped him make the right decision. He said
         | that his colleagues were all professional soldiers with purely
         | military training and, following instructions, would have
         | reported a missile launch if they had been on his shift.
         | 
         | >But nuclear security expert Bruce G. Blair has said that at
         | that time, the U.S.-Soviet relationship had deteriorated to the
         | point where "the Soviet Union as a system--not just the
         | Kremlin, not just Andropov, not just the KGB--but as a system,
         | was geared to expect an attack and to retaliate very quickly to
         | it. It was on hair-trigger alert. It was very nervous and prone
         | to mistakes and accidents. The false alarm that happened on
         | Petrov's watch could not have come at a more dangerous, intense
         | phase in US-Soviet relations."[23] At that time, according to
         | Oleg Kalugin, a former KGB chief of foreign
         | counterintelligence, "The danger was in the Soviet leadership
         | thinking, 'The Americans may attack, so we better attack
         | first.'"
        
         | mLuby wrote:
         | > One might reasonably expect Japan... to join the nuclear club
         | soon
         | 
         | That would be surprising, but there's more history in favor of
         | it than I'd expected:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_nuclear_weapon_progra...
        
       | jmnicolas wrote:
       | I know we're not supposed to question why a link was posted here,
       | but... why? ;)
       | 
       | I mean I thought about a lot of bad scenarios and how to prepare
       | for them, but a nuclear war is probably not survivable, you're
       | just going to prolong the pain a few more days / months.
       | 
       | To have any chance you probably would have to stay at least 5
       | years in an underground bunker. The guys on the TV shows Alone
       | (I'm watching the first season now) are getting crazy just after
       | a couple weeks of isolation.
       | 
       | The Germans have an excellent saying for these kind of
       | situations: better an horrible end than an horror without end
       | (sorry if my translation isn't accurate).
        
         | _Microft wrote:
         | It was mentioned in the thread on the Castle Bravo nuclear test
         | and OP had a good intuition that it might catch on:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28478338
         | 
         | Edit: _sigh_ , another PDF on my digital tsundoku pile ("in"? -
         | as it is resembling a set more than it does a stack?).
        
         | goda90 wrote:
         | Why try to survive? That's something people have to ask
         | themselves individually really.
         | 
         | I took a wilderness survival course in college. We were usually
         | out in a park practicing skills, but one day we just stayed in
         | the classroom and our teacher talked about what drives people
         | to survive extreme situations, even when they have little
         | experience or training to do so. He brought up cases of parents
         | going the extra mile to save the child they were lost with. He
         | mentioned Hugh Glass and his drive for revenge after being left
         | for dead from a bear mauling. Viktor Frankl observed a
         | concentration camp prisoner who was always optimistic until the
         | day he saw his family brought into the camp, and then he died
         | soon after. For some people it could be a biological urge to
         | keep living. Or maybe their religious beliefs drive them.
        
           | nosianu wrote:
           | One of the best authors for these kinds of stories (about
           | hard-core survival) is Jack London. You can even select a
           | theme: Tropical islands and storms, ships and the ocean, or
           | ice-cold Yukon and gold rush? Animal centric (Call of the
           | Wild, White Fang)?
        
           | jmnicolas wrote:
           | > Why try to survive?
           | 
           | I don't question trying to survive bad scenarios in general
           | but nuclear in particular.
           | 
           | People seem to say a nuke isn't as bad as we think, but the
           | problem is that in case of a nuclear war, there won't be only
           | one nuke, so the amount of radioactivity will be very high
           | and a nuclear winter mean that even if you survive
           | radioactivity nothing will grow for at least 5 years so
           | you'll end up starving.
           | 
           | I could see myself try to take on a "Mad Max" like scenario,
           | not a nuclear one.
        
         | Borrible wrote:
         | 'Better an end with horror than horror without an end.'
         | 
         | A saying attributed to Ferdinand von Schill, shortly before his
         | death fighting in the streets of Stralsund. Von Schill is a, in
         | the wider population, mostly forgotten 'German' or better
         | Prussian hero of an uprising against french occupation in
         | Napoleonic times.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Schill
        
           | techer wrote:
           | Stolen from Reddit: A slight correction: the fixed phrase in
           | German is "Lieber ein Ende mit Schrecken als ein Schrecken
           | ohne Ende", which translates as
           | 
           | "Better a horrifying ending than a horror without end"
        
             | Borrible wrote:
             | Oh, its fine.
             | 
             | Translation is interpretation.
             | 
             | So, mine is not the the only valid one.
             | 
             | And, it's a saying handed down by people admiring his
             | determination.
             | 
             | I'm German.
        
         | SavantIdiot wrote:
         | Have you forgotten the Great Toilet Paper Riots of 2020?
         | 
         | We're having trouble surviving a (reasonably mild by
         | comparison) pandemic as a species that has killed millions! Now
         | multiply what we've seen by several orders of magnitude. With
         | all the greed and guns in the USA... oof.
        
           | Ekaros wrote:
           | And when the global manufacturing, logistics and supply
           | chains actually break down. It won't be pretty...
        
           | echoradio wrote:
           | I live in an affluent area that gets hurricanes. You know
           | when a storm is coming because certain shelves of goods are
           | wiped out -- non-perishable items, bread, water.
           | 
           | When the pandemic hit, these were the same items people
           | hoarded (in addition to toilet paper). Why? The pandemic
           | wasn't going to shut off a fridge/freezer. It wasn't going to
           | disable the water system. People reacted in the only way they
           | knew for a crisis they experience often -- not what the
           | actual situation was.
           | 
           | It served as a reminder that when a major, acute crisis hits,
           | most people are not going to be thinking rationally. They're
           | going to rely on whatever instincts have been developed.
           | 
           | I can't even imagine what extremes would result from a fast-
           | moving crisis like a nuclear explosion.
        
         | runawaybottle wrote:
         | _The Germans have an excellent saying for these kind of
         | situations: better an horrible end than an horror without end
         | (sorry if my translation isn 't accurate)._
         | 
         | You are the reason I come to HN. Sometimes we know, but few can
         | say it. Thanks.
        
         | duxup wrote:
         | When I think about it I certainly wouldn't want to have my
         | family live through it.
         | 
         | But I would like to ... see what happens. Maybe try some effort
         | to record observations and such, bury it in the hopes someone
         | finds it. It might be horrible, but I can of course end it at
         | anytime if I wish. I would not expect any kind of comfortable
         | long term survival.
        
         | horsawlarway wrote:
         | This is addressed right up front in the book, interestingly
         | enough.
         | 
         | > "While working with hundreds of Americans building expedient
         | shelters and life-support equipment, I have found that many
         | people at first see no sense in talking about details of
         | survival skills. Those who hold exaggerated beliefs about the
         | dangers from nuclear weapons must first be convinced that
         | nuclear war would not inevitably be the end of them and
         | everything worthwhile. Only after they have begun to question
         | the truth of these myths do they become interested, under
         | normal peacetime conditions, in acquiring nuclear war survival
         | skills. Therefore, before giving detailed instructions for
         | making and using survival equipment, we will examine the most
         | harmful of the myths about nuclear war dangers, along with some
         | of the grim facts."
        
           | arethuza wrote:
           | That's nice if you are in a rural part of the US - less so if
           | you are in densely populated and heavily targetted (at least
           | during the Cold War) locations like the UK.
           | 
           | Edit: _Optimistic_ estimates by the UK government predicted
           | 65% of population killed (53%) or seriously wounded (12%) in
           | the short term - a real attack is likely to have been much
           | worse:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Leg
           | 
           | NB This _optimistic_ scenarios was used in the writing of
           | Threads.
           | 
           | Edit: Think about that: Threads was optimistic!
        
           | TechBro8615 wrote:
           | For me the lack of urgency in "prepping" for existential
           | disasters is that I have far more pressing concerns, like
           | avoiding bankruptcy and homelessness.
           | 
           | If I were sitting on a mountain of cash and hard assets, I
           | would be more willing to invest in prepping. But until then,
           | I've got little to protect anyway, and I'm not about to drop
           | $800 on filling a bag with some supplies to last me a week in
           | the apocalypse.
           | 
           | Surviving post-collapse would be an adventure for everyone,
           | but an unpleasant one for most. I've found the best way to
           | resolve any existential concern is to continue working on
           | long term goals of wealth acquisition and self improvement.
           | Come the apocalypse, I'd rather be the guy with the army than
           | the ex-programmer begging for food in exchange for repairing
           | a home owner's smart fridge.
        
             | ramses0 wrote:
             | (old) Shoes, underwear, toilet paper, bottles of water,
             | travel hand sanitizer, marine rations, first aid kit, u.s.
             | army field survival guide (book).
             | 
             | Basically as much water as you can carry and 2-3
             | packets/pouches/bricks of emergency shortbread/fake-cake.
             | 
             | My threat models are 1) 3-day general disruption in
             | services (water, electricity)... 2) immediate local
             | disruption (fire, tornado), 3) "let's go camping!"
             | 
             | Basically pack a "let's go camping" backpack (heavy on
             | bottled water and a few extra of those emergency bricks),
             | and throw it in the car whenever you go "out" for like a
             | hike or a weekend road trip or whatever.
             | 
             | The more you actually pick it up, use it, handle it, and
             | travel with it... the more you'll figure some useful
             | adjustments to it.
             | 
             | It doesn't have to really cost much money in any case, just
             | don't throw away your next pair of shoes... grab your
             | ugliest "TechBro" free backpack, and stuff 5 liters of
             | water in there. You'd already be way ahead of the game in
             | case of a widespread disruption of services.
             | 
             | I tend to keep my "dopp kit" (
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toiletry_bag ) in there when
             | I'm not traveling which has my spare razor, q-tips, etc.
             | ...again, total cost is nearing zero to get started, it's
             | usually about making sure you've gathered useful things you
             | already have into the same place.
        
               | TechBro8615 wrote:
               | This is good advice, but see, my problem is that I'd eat
               | the marine rations when I run out of food next week, and
               | I'd reach for the toilet paper as soon as it was out of
               | stock at the shop. So now every time I go shopping I've
               | got to refill the buffer. And next time I switch
               | landlords, I have another bag to move!
               | 
               | Maybe it's a bit more like the old bear quote. You just
               | need someone else to be prepared...
        
               | ramses0 wrote:
               | Perfect! It's actually better if you interact with it
               | regularly... which reminds me it's time to rotate the
               | rations in my kit. Dessert for the week! :-D
               | 
               | Technically you should have multiple bags. One in the
               | car, one by the bed, one in the shop. Again, it's more of
               | a mindset, and what's the cheapest, comfiest buffer you
               | can get away with. For me: water, shoes, toilet paper,
               | marine rations. Sanitizer b/c it's not the earthquake
               | that gets you, it's the diarrhea caused by poor hygiene
               | afterwards.
        
             | jessriedel wrote:
             | You generally can get a large fraction of the benefits of
             | preparing for a rare risk of very bad events with minimal
             | time investment. See for instance Rob Wiblin's nuclear war
             | cheatsheet, which takes about 60 seconds to read:
             | 
             | https://www.facebook.com/robert.wiblin/posts/801710894825
             | 
             | (Pastebin to avoid facebook login:
             | https://pastebin.com/xeyr5CwX )
             | 
             | It's not too hard to argue that something like that is
             | worth re-reading, say, annually.
        
         | the_third_wave wrote:
         | > but... why? ;)
         | 
         | Because it is interesting? Because it is one of those things
         | which fits in the frame of mind of many a hacker-type? For the
         | same reason that some of us wear hiking boots in the server
         | hall, just in case a mountain might spring up there?
         | 
         | > a nuclear war is probably not survivable
         | 
         | Of course it is, just look at how Japan came out of one. Would
         | it be a pleasant experience? No, of course not, but the same
         | was true for Hamburg, Tokyo and Dresden during the fire
         | bombings, London during the Blitz, Stalingrad during the
         | beleaguerment, the northern part of the Netherlands during the
         | "hunger" winter of '44-'45. We like to read about war, watch
         | movies about war, sing songs about war, create and look at art
         | about war but few people actually want to experience war.
         | 
         | > at least 5 years in an underground bunker
         | 
         | As long as only "normal" nuclear weapons are used a few weeks
         | would probably be enough, long enough for the fallout to be
         | washed away by rain. The next step would be to leave the area
         | and head for "the hills" - or any other area which was not
         | directly attacked nor in the fallout plume of an attack.
        
           | jmnicolas wrote:
           | Japan took "only" 2 low yield bombs. We're speaking nuclear
           | war here, with nukes flying left and right.
           | 
           | > As long as only "normal" nuclear weapons are used a few
           | weeks would probably be enough
           | 
           | For the "lulz" read about cobalt nukes. I have read somewhere
           | that Russia had some but I can't confirm it.
        
           | cortesoft wrote:
           | The nuclear weapons we have now are WAY more powerful than
           | the ones used on Japan, and only two were dropped. An all out
           | modern nuclear war would be a lot more devastating.
        
             | korethr wrote:
             | If you read the linked book, it covers this point. Yes, the
             | tech exists to build bombs with multi-megaton yields and
             | has existed for decades However, those super-big explosions
             | are actually less tactically and strategically useful. More
             | useful are smaller explosions that can be placed with more
             | precision, and the tech needed to hit with precision has
             | only improved over time. It is more likely that deployed
             | weapons would have yields measured in kilotons. While
             | bigger than Nagasaki, probably still closer to Nagasaki
             | than Tsar Bomba
        
           | amanaplanacanal wrote:
           | Yeah radioactive decay from fallout is exponential. The
           | hottest isotopes decay rapidly. It might be 5 years in the
           | worst locations, but not everywhere.
        
           | rdevsrex wrote:
           | I read somewhere that some nuclear ware strategists
           | considered a 30-40% global fatality rate an acceptable
           | outcome of nuclear war, which lead to the idea of strike
           | first being ok. I hate to think what an advanced AI would do
           | if it thinks the best things for humanity is less humans. An
           | anti-natalist AI with nukes is not a good thing.
        
             | the_third_wave wrote:
             | There is no need for an AI to come up with such a
             | sentiment, there are plenty of people who see humans as a
             | plague on the earth which it is better off without. The
             | chance of some of these people triggering a nuclear
             | exchange far exceeds the change of some future W.O.P.R. [1]
             | getting the world into a conflict.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.dataplusscience.com/WOPR/wargames.html
        
               | forgetfulness wrote:
               | I think you're just taking general feelings of
               | frustration for humanity's short-sightnedness a tad too
               | seriously, I've yet to see any group wanting to organize
               | the demise of humanity based on what usually drives those
               | sentiments, like the destruction of nature or cruelty
               | towards animals and humans, in comparison to, say...
               | 
               | Religious people making decisions with far-reaching
               | consequences based on their religion's eschatology.
        
               | the_third_wave wrote:
               | I'm not so much thinking of people who want to totally
               | eradicate humanity - these do exist [1] but they'll find
               | it hard to gain enough adherents to get themselves in the
               | position to trigger a nuclear exchange. The people I'm
               | thinking of are those who'd like to see the world
               | population reduced to what they consider to be a
               | 'sustainable' level - neo-Malthusianists, radical
               | Ecrocritics, etc. As you mentioned above there are also
               | those who'd like to 'immanentise the eschaton' driven by
               | religious zeal, e.g. Islamic State awaited the army of
               | "Rome," whose defeat at Dabiq, Syria, would initiate the
               | countdown to the apocalypse [2]. They did not succeed but
               | the recent fall of Afghanistan to the Taliban might spell
               | trouble for neighbouring Pakistan - a nuclear power -
               | where the intelligence service ISI is suspected of being
               | more loyal to extremists than to the Pakistani government
               | [3].
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary_Human_Extinct
               | ion_Mov...
               | 
               | [2] https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/03/
               | what-is...
               | 
               | [3] search for 'Pakistan ISI extremists' or something
               | similar
        
             | arethuza wrote:
             | For the early 1960s according to Daniel Ellsberg:
             | 
             |  _" The total death toll as calculated by the Joint Chiefs,
             | from a U.S. first strike aimed primarily at the Soviet
             | Union and China, would be roughly 600 million dead. A
             | hundred Holocausts"_
             | 
             | 600 million was known at the time to be an underestimate
             | and then add in what the Soviets would have done then over
             | a billion is probably realistic. World population at the
             | time was about 3 billion.
             | 
             | Edit: Worth noting that this US strike would have killed
             | about 100 million in _Western_ Europe.
        
         | bbarnett wrote:
         | _but a nuclear war is probably not survivable_
         | 
         | Do read the first chapter of the linked webpage.
        
           | jmnicolas wrote:
           | I'll do, but I'm pretty sure the author is assuming one nuke
           | detonating in your area. If this is a nuclear war there's a
           | good chance thousands of nukes will be detonated.
        
         | reducesuffering wrote:
         | What it really comes down to is that with or without this info
         | you most likely live your life mostly the same until a
         | catastrophe strikes. When it does you're either dead or need to
         | make a new life. Now based on your saying, are you going to
         | really off yourself voluntarily, or will you make the best of a
         | bad situation? And if you are going to make the best of it, it
         | would've been real nice to study about what supplies to have
         | prepared and what you're going to do now, rather than go blind,
         | and without the internet resources to help you anymore.
        
           | jmnicolas wrote:
           | Either you take a massive dose of radioactivity (nuclear war
           | means several nukes) and suffer horribly 'till death or you
           | starve because nuclear winter.
           | 
           | I have read about it a long time ago so don't quote me on
           | this, but a nuclear winter is supposed to last at least 5
           | years. Do you have the financial means and space to store
           | that much food and rotate it regularly? I don't and frankly
           | I'd rather not bother.
           | 
           | Once nuclear winter is over, do you know how to grow your own
           | food? You might not be able to hunt because all animals will
           | either be dead or killed by other hunters.
           | 
           | This scenario is very very hard to overcome. Not impossible,
           | but only a few very prepared and or very lucky individuals
           | would survive.
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | I have really considered same. Why bother. The surviving part
         | is harsh, but what comes after that? Most modern nice things
         | will be gone for years. Would that really be even worth living?
        
           | jmnicolas wrote:
           | Honestly I wouldn't mind loosing modern nice things, as long
           | as I can go outside and trying to get food in a "normal"
           | environment.
           | 
           | Puking blood while cancer eats me from inside, starving
           | because animals are dead and the sun is hidden so no
           | agriculture... way too much for me.
        
           | amanaplanacanal wrote:
           | About what comes after: Our ancestors lived with a lot worse
           | than that. The people who walked across the US on the Oregon
           | trail did it. I'm sure we could do it too.
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | Just because some people lived in forests before me and
             | burned down them to farm or ate the trees don't mean I want
             | to do that...
        
       | fasteddie31003 wrote:
       | My personal strategy has been to find a body of water not in the
       | direction of the prevailing winds and steal a sailboat to live on
       | for at least 2 weeks as the more radioactive isotopes decay.
        
         | q1w2 wrote:
         | The fact that I've had exactly the same idea makes me wonder
         | how many sailboats might be left in the harbor when the time
         | comes...
        
         | detritus wrote:
         | Mine's always been 'move to the Falklands'. Not the sort of
         | thing one can do at the drop of a hat, mind.
        
           | michaelmcdonald wrote:
           | Why the Falklands?
        
             | detritus wrote:
             | I've been fascinated with the place since my father worked
             | there after the war, and as a Northern Brit I'm comfortable
             | in and like rugged, remote landscapes.
             | 
             | More to the point, most of the bad shit to happen after a
             | significant nuclear exchange will hit the Northern
             | hemisphere and wind currents being what they are will
             | mostly keep the fallout up there. Well, here.
        
               | mhh__ wrote:
               | + Penguins (admittedly in a minefield)
        
               | detritus wrote:
               | My father's one piece of advice, having spent a lot of
               | time flying out to take photos of the landscape and
               | penguin colonies and such was - "Whatever you do, never
               | go downwind of a penguin colony". Cute little buggers
               | stink!
               | 
               | I think the Falklands reached a milestone in mine
               | clearance, wherein they believe most of them are dealt
               | with now.
               | 
               | Still, 'most' implies an unnerving possibility of chance.
               | 
               | - ed: I realise, belatedly, that this circles back to the
               | original conceit - staying out of the way of noxious
               | winds :)
        
           | Ekaros wrote:
           | I actually wonder would Argentina get to their territorial
           | claims if Brits were preoccupied with other stuff...
        
             | marcosdumay wrote:
             | I imagine our concept of "country" or "state" wouldn't
             | survive a nuclear war.
        
             | detritus wrote:
             | If there was a risk of a nuclear war, I'd not be surprised
             | if the UK sent some level of force down there as a 'back
             | up'.
             | 
             | Besides that idle thought- there's quite a lot of materiel
             | down there already, so unless the UK withdrew war machines
             | to help in the global annihilation, Argentina would still
             | face some stiff opposition.
        
       | jacknews wrote:
       | I'm not sure why this was posted, although the nuclear risk does
       | currently seem higher than in the last couple of decades, with
       | China eyeing Taiwan, etc.
       | 
       | OTOH, nuclear war might halt the climate crisis, over-population,
       | etc.
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | > OTOH, nuclear war might halt the climate crisis, over-
         | population, etc.
         | 
         | Well when everyone's dead or starving for sure your first world
         | problems will fade away.
        
       | gumby wrote:
       | I took a class on strategic deterrence and game theory as an
       | undergraduate in the early 80s. Even then I took it in part for
       | its weirdness -- in my entire life I was not able to take the
       | threat of global nuclear war seriously.
       | 
       | Basically I figured that it wouldn't really happen because the
       | consequences were too extreme; in the case of accidental
       | discharge the ability to survive was a crapshoot at best Ly under
       | my control (e,g. I live across the street from Draper Labs).
       | 
       | In fact the preparations for fallout shelters and the like always
       | seemed like a failure of imagination.
        
       | Borrible wrote:
       | Making babies, quickly and a lot?
       | 
       | Because of a higher mortality rate, decreased fertility,
       | increased rate of deformities, and an overall short and brutal
       | life?
       | 
       | I mean, you have to think about the future...
       | 
       | https://bookauthority.org/books/best-obstetrics-and-gynecolo...
        
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