[HN Gopher] What if I were 1% charged? (2013)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       What if I were 1% charged? (2013)
        
       Author : lanna
       Score  : 236 points
       Date   : 2021-09-09 13:13 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (gravityandlevity.wordpress.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (gravityandlevity.wordpress.com)
        
       | modeless wrote:
       | I've wondered for a while why we don't use electrostatic forces
       | more. Electrostatic motors and electrostatic speakers do exist
       | but they are very rare compared to the ubiquitous magnetic types.
       | It seems like it should be possible to make a really good
       | electrostatic muscle for robots. I know that there has been some
       | work in this direction like
       | https://www.artimusrobotics.com/technology, but what makes it so
       | much harder and less developed than regular magnetic electric
       | motor technology?
        
         | npwr wrote:
         | Constraining the electrons apart would require a very serious
         | insulator. The muscle would just arc between its two ends.
         | 
         | To make it work you have to distribute electrical potential
         | along all the "motor". Just like biological muscles do with
         | protein configurations. We just aren't technogically advanced
         | enough to build such metamaterials ourselves.
        
           | modeless wrote:
           | If you charge two halves of a muscle oppositely so they
           | attract, you would get arcing between them without a strong
           | insulator in between. But if you charge two halves both
           | negative or both positive there would be no arcing between
           | them. They would still strongly repel and it seems like you
           | could use that to do work.
        
             | jcims wrote:
             | Electrostatics generally require high voltage (the HASEL
             | muscles you linked to require 2-20kV [0]) to generate
             | usable force.
             | 
             | This creates lots of engineering and regulatory challenges
             | for product development because, as the esteemed William
             | Osman says, "Welcome to the world of high voltage, where
             | everything's a wire and you're probably going to die" [1].
             | 
             | [0] https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/advs.2
             | 01900...
             | 
             | [1] https://youtu.be/IiJAq53knwc?t=288
        
             | adrian_b wrote:
             | Even if you do not have a motor but just a single charged
             | sphere, at its surface there will be an electric field
             | increasing with the charge.
             | 
             | At a certain charge value, and at a not very large one, the
             | surface electric field will exceed the breakdown field of
             | air and a corona discharge will start.
             | 
             | See St. Elmo's fire.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Elmo%27s_fire
             | 
             | So unfortunately the idea of using the repulsion forces
             | does not work.
             | 
             | To prevent the discharges, the entire environment around
             | the 2 charged moving parts would have to also be charged
             | with the same sign, but then the repulsion forces between
             | your parts would be balanced by the repulsion forces from
             | the surrounding medium.
        
               | modeless wrote:
               | Thanks for the patient explanations! You could immerse
               | the thing in insulating liquid, maybe inside a rubber
               | pouch, would that not be enough?
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | For a bit, but if you keep raising the voltage you find
               | the electric breakdown happing on the outside surface of
               | the robot (or whatever's using the electric field muscle)
               | instead of where you put the insulation.
        
               | adrian_b wrote:
               | High-voltage equipment, e.g. high-voltage transformers,
               | is indeed immersed in insulating fluids, either in
               | special insulating oils or in the gas sulfur
               | hexafluoride, which is more convenient than liquid oil.
               | 
               | This increases several times the breakdown field compared
               | to air but it is not enough to reach similar energy
               | densities like with magnetic fields.
               | 
               | To give some numbers, the air breakdown field is around 3
               | MV/m, while the maximum magnetic field in a motor might
               | be up to 2 Tesla.
               | 
               | The ratio of the energy densities is the square of the
               | ratio between the product of the magnetic field with the
               | speed of light and the electric field, i.e. the square of
               | (2 x 3 x 10^8) / (3 x 10^6), so 200 squared, i.e. 40
               | thousands.
               | 
               | Even if you increase the breakdown field 10 times, which
               | is quite hard to achieve with fluids, the magnetic field
               | would give forces much, much higher at a given size.
        
             | rtkwe wrote:
             | It would also want to arc to other parts of the mechanism,
             | it's not just the tiny subsystem of the actuator here we
             | have to consider.
        
             | CamperBob2 wrote:
             | You can't create a monopole, either electrostatic or
             | magnetic. If you impress a negative charge on something,
             | there must be an equally strong positive charge somewhere
             | nearby that you'll have to insulate somehow.
        
         | adrian_b wrote:
         | In air, a relatively small electric field will cause electric
         | discharges.
         | 
         | A magnetic field can have very large intensities without
         | creating problems, so that is the reason why we use
         | electromagnetic motors and not electrostatic motors.
         | 
         | The maximum magnetic field in a motor is normally limited by
         | the saturation of the ferromagnetic materials at values where
         | the density of energy in the space between the stator and the
         | rotor is many times higher than the density of energy at which
         | an electric field would cause electrical discharges.
         | 
         | Electrostatic motors can be useful (and they are actually used
         | in certain devices) only at microscopic sizes.
        
           | modeless wrote:
           | Hmm, so I guess you would have to fabricate an array of
           | millions of microscopic electrostatic motors. Which is kind
           | of like what biological muscles are in a way, right?
        
         | icapybara wrote:
         | On top of the arcing issue already mentioned, it's a lot easier
         | to control a current than to control a charge distribution. So
         | electromagnets win.
        
       | ben_ wrote:
       | Excellent read, I'd recommend anyone that likes this to check out
       | 'What If' by Randall Munroe (XKCD)
        
       | Symmetry wrote:
       | Would the mass from all that potential energy be enough to create
       | a black hole?
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | Not even close. My (excessive) estimate in another thread is
         | 1e33 J, which would have a Schwarzschild radius of about 16
         | picometers, and something (I don't really understand it)
         | happens if a black hole is charged which makes the event
         | horizon radius smaller than the Schwarzschild radius.
         | 
         | Now I'm wondering what would happen if you tried to create a
         | black hole purely from the energy density of an electric field.
         | Do you asymptotically approach an extremal charged black hole?
         | Or do you make a super-extremal black hole? I've heard
         | conflicting claims about if super-extremal is even possible.
        
       | VBprogrammer wrote:
       | > At 8:16 a.m. on August 6, 1945, a fission weapon containing
       | sixty-four kilograms of uranium detonated 580 meters above the
       | Japanese city of Hiroshima, and Einstein's equation proved
       | mercilessly accurate. The bomb itself was extremely inefficient:
       | just one kilogram of the uranium underwent fission, and only
       | seven hundred milligrams of mass--the weight of a butterfly--was
       | converted into energy. But it was enough to obliterate an entire
       | city in a fraction of a second.
       | 
       | This reminded me of this quote from "Midnight in Chernobyl".
       | Quite amazing to thing of such small amounts of mass being
       | converted into such extraordinary amounts of energy.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | mrtnmcc wrote:
         | Guess this is saying that the one kilogram of uranium is
         | converted to fission products which are slightly lighter--one
         | kilogram minus a butterfly--and the amount of energy released
         | from this difference is e=(mass of butterfly)*c^2
        
           | shadowgovt wrote:
           | Yeah, the mass-energy relationship is at scales that are hard
           | to wrap a human brain around.
           | 
           | A charged laptop battery gains about 2 picograms of mass.
        
             | mrtnmcc wrote:
             | Wait is that right? I thought charging a lithium battery
             | was simply displacing electrons from cathode to anode, but
             | the total number of electrons in the whole battery is
             | conserved (and hence mass). Or is this converting that
             | electric potential into an equivalent mass? Does this
             | actually manifest as a difference on a scale?
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | The total particle count is conserved.
               | 
               | ... But the total mass of a molecule is also affected by
               | the energy in the chemical configuration; the chemistry
               | of the charged battery has more energy than the uncharged
               | battery.
               | 
               | https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/195696/do-
               | chemic...
        
               | mrtnmcc wrote:
               | Interesting, so in the context of this broader
               | discussion, if you displaced 1% of electrons in your body
               | by a centimeter, you would weigh 10x more than you did
               | originally. (Both gravitational mass and inertial mass
               | increase)
        
               | p1mrx wrote:
               | Assuming that you displaced all the electrons in the same
               | direction, you'd produce a 1 cm electron cloud on one
               | side of your body, and 1 cm of electron-deficient matter
               | on the other side.
               | 
               | If you could somehow maintain that configuration, you'd
               | have a capacitor storing an enormous amount of energy, so
               | it makes sense that the mass would increase.
        
               | wizzwizz4 wrote:
               | And then you would die, instantly, and so would the
               | surrounding countryside.
        
               | da_chicken wrote:
               | Yeah, this is also why an empty hard drive should have
               | less mass than a full one. It's an immeasurable amount,
               | but it should be there. Adding energy to a system should
               | increase it's mass.
               | 
               | https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/31326/is-a-
               | hard-...
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | stickfigure wrote:
               | To be pedantic, I think you need to say "the act of
               | writing to a hard drive adds mass". There is no reason to
               | expect that writing a 1 or a 0 adds more or less mass; if
               | there is a difference in energy states, it would depend
               | on the encoding scheme.
        
       | teekert wrote:
       | The moment we invent the Star Trek transporter we have the
       | ultimate weapon by just teleporting some electrons out of our
       | enemy.
        
         | KingMachiavelli wrote:
         | Is it canon the transporter can operate with subatomic
         | granularity?
        
           | teekert wrote:
           | Sure! Just narrow the confinement beam and boost the
           | Heisenberg compensators! Maybe slap around a hyper spanner
           | here and there.
           | 
           | Edit: No, not sure it is.
        
         | nescioquid wrote:
         | Seems apt if you think that every time someone uses a
         | transporter, they are really committing suicide with a new copy
         | of themselves reconstituted elsewhere.
        
           | midasuni wrote:
           | If you chopped your leg off, they perfectly reattached it,
           | are you dead?
           | 
           | How about heart? What if you removed part of your brain.
           | 
           | What if you grew a replacement part instead of reattaching?
           | When does Theseus become a new person?
           | 
           | Alternatively can you prove you were alive yesterday? Or do
           | you just have the memories, and others have memories of an
           | indistinguishable copy?
           | 
           | How much of your body existed 20 years ago? Are you the same
           | person?
        
             | coryfklein wrote:
             | If you made a copy of you down to the atomic level, and
             | this copy appeared on a planet several kilometers away, is
             | that new copy "you"?
             | 
             | Does that new copy become "you" if you simply incinerate
             | the original?
        
               | teekert wrote:
               | They will believe they are you, there is no further link
               | that can change any attributes of the second you upon
               | incinerating primary you, the person that already
               | existed.
        
               | andrewzah wrote:
               | Depends on who you ask.
               | 
               | If we clone A, then from A's perspective we now have
               | A-Prime. A-Prime is unaware and believes they are A, who
               | now presumably has been killed. If anyone didn't observe
               | this happen, then A-Prime essentially -is- A. If they did
               | observe it, then they know that it's technically A-Prime.
               | 
               | So I guess the difference is being able to observe the
               | gradual changes. It's more tricky when discussing an
               | inanimate object like a ship that doesn't care either
               | way.
        
             | butisaidsudo wrote:
             | This is a great article on this, with a bunch of thought
             | experiments on what makes you, you:
             | https://waitbutwhy.com/2014/12/what-makes-you-you.html
        
               | scrumper wrote:
               | That was excellent but stopped tantalizingly short - he's
               | on to something. He's uncomfortable about the concept of
               | a "soul", but the idea of continuity is really
               | interesting. It suggests that the boundary of a conscious
               | entity is not purely physical, but must also encompass a
               | temporal dimension. (This is a new thought for me, I'm
               | excited by it.) It's a shame he felt icky about souls
               | because you don't really need that baggage.
               | 
               | I'm not smart enough to really think it through but at a
               | glance it seems to resolve those various tests and
               | scenarios. In the malfunctioning teleport example (where
               | the cell destroyer fails to fire), _both_ London Tim and
               | Boston Tim are equally alive because they share the past:
               | the teleport has succeeded in bifurcating their
               | consciousness. Same with the split-brain twins (though
               | you'd expect the results to be diminished).
        
             | vkou wrote:
             | If the transporter did not disassemble a person on one end,
             | and instead just materialized a person on the other end
             | (similar things happen a few times in Star Trek), which one
             | of them is 'you'?
             | 
             | And which one do you think we should kill off once the away
             | mission is done? Should we be as sanguine about it as
             | Captain Janeway was about murdering Tuvix?
        
           | User23 wrote:
           | Part of why I don't see the appeal, even if it were possible,
           | of uploading your "consciousness" whatever that is, to extend
           | "life." It's not you, and you're still dead.
        
             | Aperocky wrote:
             | Not if there's a transition, a migration if you will.
        
               | User23 wrote:
               | Digital metempsychosis is an interesting religious
               | belief. From an anthropological perspective I find it
               | fascinating how the same old ideas get reimagined as
               | technology changes. Feels like how the Sidhe got replaced
               | by the Greys in the abduction racket, and so on.
        
             | teekert wrote:
             | The pattern that is "the other" you will argue otherwise.
        
               | ASalazarMX wrote:
               | In fact, the other you would be very grateful that you
               | (both) didn't succumb to narcissism, and instead copied
               | your consciousness to a better body.
        
           | teekert wrote:
           | What's suicide if the pattern that defines you remains?
           | Anyway if you like pondering in this direction, this book is
           | highly recommended:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permutation_City
        
           | snet0 wrote:
           | I can't remember who came up with this, but this realisation
           | is made a lot more vivid if you imagine the "original" you
           | being killed with an axe while your "teleported" you is
           | happily unaware. I believe the videogame Soma has an
           | analogous situation, although I haven't played it.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | teekert wrote:
             | I happens a lot in Altered Carbon as well.
        
           | rnoorda wrote:
           | For anyone interested in this conceit, I recommend an episode
           | of _The Outer Limits_ called  "Think Like a Dinosaur" dealing
           | with this idea and what happens when it goes wrong.
        
       | klyrs wrote:
       | What would happen to a black hole which was charged to 1%?
        
         | Aperocky wrote:
         | It becomes a charged blackhole.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reissner%E2%80%93Nordstr%C3%B6...
        
       | MrRadar wrote:
       | This reminds me of the XKCD What If series. I wish Randall was
       | still doing that.
        
         | thanksforfish wrote:
         | Agreed, very enjoyable.
         | 
         | https://what-if.xkcd.com/
        
         | ranger207 wrote:
         | Doesn't he have a New York Times column now? I think I saw he
         | had a What-If-looking article there, but I couldn't read it
         | without a subscription
        
         | rob74 wrote:
         | My thoughts exactly... "this is just like Randall Munroe's What
         | If, but without the funny drawings unfortunately"
        
         | GuB-42 wrote:
         | That one specifically: https://what-if.xkcd.com/140/
        
       | jppope wrote:
       | Articles like this are literally why I come to HN
        
       | muterad_murilax wrote:
       | The original HN-rewritten title "What would happen if I lost 1%
       | of my electrons?" was way better imho.
        
       | reizorc wrote:
       | Would the same happen if you ate 800g of positrons?
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | If you could somehow do that without the 140 gigacoulombs of
         | charge exploding violently before you got close, approximately
         | this: https://youtu.be/YtCTzbh4mNQ?t=16
         | 
         | If you don't invoke space magic to prevent the positrons from
         | exploding even before they annihilate anything, and they are
         | confined into a 0.1m radius ball, the charge density energy
         | overwhelms the annihilation energy and the ball of positrons
         | explode with a yield of ~1e33 J, which -- without exaggeration
         | -- looks more like this: https://youtu.be/KNjWpSglUOY
        
         | jcims wrote:
         | Seems like a positron beam would be a sweet weapon in space.
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | Yes, assuming all those positrons started out in your stomach,
         | the actual antimatter wouldn't add significant energy in
         | comparison. The charge balance stays the same when positrons
         | and electrons collide. So, bigger boom than just an anti mater
         | sandwich, not that you would notice the difference.
         | 
         | Relativity actually makes this worse as the electrons are
         | limited to the speed of light but the charge can keep dumping
         | ever more energy into them until their far enough apart.
         | 
         | Similar idea, just larger scale: https://what-if.xkcd.com/140/
        
         | ISL wrote:
         | Before any concerns about charge, the simple act of doing so
         | would release 100000000000000000 Joules of energy.
         | 
         | For scale, the largest nuclear weapon ever tested converted
         | around 2300g of matter to energy[1].
         | 
         | Please don't do that :).
         | 
         | [1] https://faculty.etsu.edu/gardnerr/einstein/e_mc2.htm#:~:tex
         | t....
        
       | beefman wrote:
       | Ah, the last year of the blogging era, when still it took several
       | clicks to find the name of the author, and his photo was nowhere
       | to be found.
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | > when still it took several clicks to find the name of the
         | author
         | 
         | Well, for 0 clicks the post is noted "by Brian", and for one
         | click the blog's About page identifies him as "Brian Skinner[,]
         | an assistant professor in theoretical condensed matter
         | physics."
         | 
         | What are you talking about?
        
       | mrfusion wrote:
       | I don't see why we can store energy with this concept. Eg getting
       | even a small object to .01% charge would be a ton of energy.
       | 
       | We could store it with something with an equal and opposite
       | charge (across a large insulator) to cancel out the net pull on
       | things. And encase it in even two meters of glass or plastic if
       | needed.
       | 
       | Anyone know if this has ever been researched?
        
         | nayuki wrote:
         | That's called a capacitor. The theory is well-known and many
         | different products exist. But they don't store as much energy
         | as you would hope.
        
           | mrfusion wrote:
           | That's not what I mean though. Capacitors are limited by the
           | breakdown voltage. But what if we make the plates separate by
           | more distance and just increase the charge.
        
             | klyrs wrote:
             | Then you'll have a capacitor with a larger plate
             | separation. Play with the equations!
             | 
             | http://hyperphysics.phy-
             | astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/pplate.h...
        
               | mrfusion wrote:
               | Ok now we're getting somewhere.
               | 
               | So the equation shows that as d goes up, C goes down.
               | 
               | But as d goes up the breakdown voltage also increases so
               | my question is why can't we force more voltage on there.
        
               | goldenkey wrote:
               | You can but eventually the voltage gets so high that the
               | resistance of the air isn't enough to prevent a short via
               | a discharge. And in a vacuum, the resistance is even
               | less. One would have to keep the capacitor in a super
               | resistant gas or fluid to prevent a short.
        
               | mrfusion wrote:
               | Yeah that's what I'm trying to figure out. Maybe energy
               | storage wise it's worth encasing it in a large amount of
               | high insulator.
               | 
               | I'm curious to run those numbers but I'm not quite sure
               | how to approach it.
        
             | snet0 wrote:
             | That's basically increasing the breakdown voltage, no? Even
             | if the "gap" between plates is 4 meters of insulation.
        
       | jredwards wrote:
       | This reminds me of Randall Monroe's "What If" blog/book. I really
       | enjoy these types of questions, which are adequately described by
       | Munroe's subtitle: "Serious scientific answers to absurd
       | hypothetical questions."
       | 
       | https://what-if.xkcd.com/
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Discussed at the time:
       | 
       |  _What if I were 1% charged? (2013)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10161497 - Sept 2015 (21
       | comments)
        
       | SavantIdiot wrote:
       | The only people who ask questions like this are Physics TAs and
       | children. Both are equally intimidating. The former, because they
       | know how students learn, and they can ask fantastical oblique
       | questions to test basic knowledge. The latter, because they have
       | no prejudices about physics and ask fantastical oblique questions
       | without regard for logic.
        
       | marstall wrote:
       | that escalated quickly toward the end!
        
       | 8bitsrule wrote:
       | A similar philosophical what if:
       | 
       | What would happen to us if we were suddenly able to understand
       | _anything_ with no effort ... no matter what the question, as
       | soon as we thought of it, the answer appeared?
        
         | npwr wrote:
         | Then we would have to build a computer that generates the
         | questions. Let's say, a computer the size of a planet..
        
           | withinboredom wrote:
           | 42
        
       | nick238 wrote:
       | If there's such a large voltage, would it discharge fast enough
       | that the actual force doesn't matter that much? The extreeeeemly
       | high force is probably commiserate with the extreeeeeeeeemly fast
       | discharge, so you wouldn't build that much kinetic energy.
       | 
       | There'd still be loads of energy, definitely enough to turn you
       | into a cloud of plasma with the 'millions of lightning bolts' he
       | references, but that seems like it's orders of magnitude short to
       | destroy the entire planet.
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | It's a thought experiment to teach physics to students rather
         | than a practical idea, so this scenario magically deletes all
         | the specified electrons simultaneously without a chance for the
         | body to discharge gracefully.
         | 
         | Given this wildly implausible conceit, you would explode much
         | as they say.
        
       | gigatexal wrote:
       | What an amazing write up. I feel inspired to study physics now. I
       | wonder how my life might be different if I sought math and
       | science courses instead of bailing after calculus.
        
       | throwaway1239Mx wrote:
       | > Now, 1% may not sound like a big deal. After all, there is
       | almost no reason for excitement or concern when you lose 1% of
       | your total mass.
       | 
       | I... Really? Y'all ok with just losing a randomly selected pound
       | or two of flesh? I think that'd be pretty exciting, and not in a
       | good way.
        
         | curiousllama wrote:
         | Doesn't say random... I lose about 1% of my mass some mornings
         | in the bathroom!
        
         | mcguire wrote:
         | Most of the mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus. I
         | don't want to dig out a calculator, but you probably couldn't
         | easily measure the loss of 1% of your electrons.
         | 
         | Aside from the ensuing cataclysm, that is.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | HenryKissinger wrote:
       | > In short, if I lost 1% of my electrons, I would not be a person
       | anymore. I would be a bomb. A Coulomb bomb, if you will, with an
       | energy equivalent to that of ten billion (modern) atomic bombs.
       | Which would surely destroy the planet. All by removing just 1 out
       | of every 100 of my electrons.
       | 
       | The Chicxulub impactor struck with the force of ten billion
       | Hiroshima bombs, and while the world underwent a mass extinction
       | event, the planet itself was fine.
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | Planets are tough things. Destroying them is hard, oh the
         | things on them sure. But the whole planet no. It will just
         | probably gather itself together in a while anyway...
        
           | zaphar wrote:
           | Might have a few new moons afterwords.
        
         | lisper wrote:
         | > the planet itself was fine
         | 
         | That depends on your quality metric. I don't think the
         | dinosaurs thought it was fine.
         | 
         | IMHO, destroying all of the things that are cool and
         | interesting (to me) about this planet counts as "destroying the
         | planet" even if there is still a hunk of rock orbiting the sun
         | afterwards.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | Mercury, Venus, Mars are all planets. None have organic life
           | on them. What you "consider" a planet is not what science
           | calls a planet. Just ask Pluto.
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | The spherical cow in a vacuum approximation I used in a
         | different thread gave me 1e33 J, which is 4.78e15 Tsar Bomba
         | nukes or 1.6e19 Little Boy nukes.
         | 
         | This was unnecessarily compact (because the suggestion there
         | was drinking antimatter) and thus high-energy, but it's 4 times
         | the gravitational binding energy of planet Earth.
        
         | datameta wrote:
         | It's possible that by "(modern)" the author means hydrogen
         | bombs which are 3 magnitudes more powerful than the fission
         | devices used in WW2.
        
       | lmilcin wrote:
       | > In short, if I lost 1% of my electrons, I would not be a person
       | anymore. I would be a bomb. A Coulomb bomb, if you will, with an
       | energy equivalent to that of ten billion (modern) atomic bombs.
       | Which would surely destroy the planet. All by removing just 1 out
       | of every 100 of my electrons.
       | 
       | The most energy you can extract from any type of bomb would be if
       | it was converted to energy at 100% efficiency.
       | 
       | 70kg of mass is equivalent of 1,5GT of TNT.
       | 
       | So still a lot of bombs, but more like 1,5 thousand 1MT bombs and
       | not "10 billions" of them.
       | 
       | I am not a physicist, but I think what this shows is physical
       | impossibility of having 1% of your charge removed and your body
       | still considered to be body even for an infinitesimal amount of
       | time. To do that you would have to add so much energy to your
       | body that just the mass equivalent of energy would have to be
       | many times more than your body.
        
         | simonh wrote:
         | We commonly refer to the energy released if the bomb explodes.
         | If what we cared about was the relativistic mass energy of the
         | matter, we wouldn't need to even refer to bombs. We'd just
         | refer to the mass.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | benchaney wrote:
         | This is incorrect. Creating a charge gradient in a system
         | increases its mass-energy. In this situation the potential
         | energy is dramatically larger than the rest mass of the
         | precharged person.
         | 
         | Edit in response to your edit: what it shows is that it would
         | take an extraordinary amount of energy to cause the change.
        
           | lmilcin wrote:
           | Isn't that what I wrote? That separating the charge would be
           | equivalent to adding potential energy basically adding to
           | mass of your 70kg body so that it no longer is 70kg?
        
             | MauranKilom wrote:
             | Yes, it takes over 70kg of "mass-energy" (e.g. mass
             | converted to energy in nuclear fission) to remove 1% of all
             | electrons in a person weighing 70 kg. That is not, in
             | itself, contradictory.
             | 
             | Depending on how relativistically inclined you are, this
             | may affect what you consider the weight of the person. But
             | this doesn't really matter for the thought experiment.
        
             | dhimes wrote:
             | He's saying that you have to include the energy you put
             | into the system to remove 1% of the electrons in your
             | E=mc^2 calculation.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | Aperocky wrote:
         | > The most energy you can extract from any type of bomb would
         | be if it was converted to energy at 100% efficiency.
         | 
         | Not true, imagine 2 positrons next to each other, the force
         | these particle subject to accelerate to avoid each other is
         | greater than the mass of those positrons itself.
         | 
         | In other words, if you can get accelerated to 0.9999c, you'll
         | possess far larger energy than your rest mass.
        
         | Double_Cast wrote:
         | > _The most energy you can extract from any type of bomb would
         | be if it was converted to energy at 100% efficiency._
         | 
         | Under normal circumstances, a bomb's energy is endogenous. But
         | in the blog's thought-experiment, the energy is assumed to be
         | exogenous. Therefore, your assumption that "the explosion is
         | bounded by the mass of the person" doesn't apply to this
         | scenario. Instead of TNT, imagine a rubberband.
        
       | kabdib wrote:
       | Anyone else remember Larry Niven's "slaver weapon" (a common
       | weapon / digging tool from his Known Space stories)?
       | 
       | A hand-held device that can temporarily "suppress the charge on
       | the electron" seems like a really bad idea now.
        
         | mcguire wrote:
         | On the two-beam version, _do not_ pull both triggers at once!
        
       | danShumway wrote:
       | Oh, so now HN suddenly _likes_ electrons?
       | 
       | > Because of my 40 million Coulombs, the force between myself and
       | my "image self" would be something like 10^{20} tons. To give
       | that some perspective, consider that 10^{20} tons is just a bit
       | smaller than the weight of the entire planet earth. So the force
       | pulling me toward the earth would be something like the force of
       | a collision between the earth and the planet Mars.
       | 
       | Unnecessarily heavy imo.
       | 
       | And I'm just going to say, the person you do this to might not
       | have the scientific experience to realize that _the electrons_
       | are the reason why they can 't move anymore and why they've
       | ripped a hole in the vacuum, but they'll still notice the effect,
       | so it's inaccurate to say that they don't care.
        
         | malwrar wrote:
         | Did HN ever not like electrons? I kinda need them to dick
         | around with computers, I was pretty sure most other people here
         | were into that too.
        
           | fennecfoxen wrote:
           | https://www.electronjs.org/
        
           | Crisco wrote:
           | I'm pretty sure it's a joke about the Electron software
           | framework.
        
           | MauranKilom wrote:
           | (Joke explanation ahead:)
           | 
           | They are joking about HN not liking Electron (the framework).
        
             | Case81 wrote:
             | I'm curious how people are getting it. Is it some sort of
             | HN mindset or is just the HN crowd* 24/7 on about
             | programming
        
               | SAI_Peregrinus wrote:
               | It's pretty common for someone to complain whenever some
               | application uses the electron framework and gets linked
               | here.
        
               | temp0826 wrote:
               | I don't get it either...especially when tfa is so ripe
               | for your-mom jokes.
        
             | throwaway894345 wrote:
             | Thank you, I also wasn't getting the joke.
        
         | ruined wrote:
         | this website goes in a cycle. electrons bad, electrons good.
         | nobody holds a real position. the current "correct" take is a
         | whim based on flavor-of-the-week politics.
         | 
         | and of course nobody here talks about the end user, or the
         | social effects of electrons. please take some responsibility!!
        
           | formerly_proven wrote:
           | It's a super position, really.
        
           | topaz0 wrote:
           | Worth noting that this electron cycle is important if you
           | want to have a magnetic field.
        
           | cheschire wrote:
           | You meant the "correct current take", surely.
        
         | mholm wrote:
         | HN also seems very positive about Proton. Interesting that they
         | aren't always negative about electron.
        
           | lostmsu wrote:
           | Looks like HN is just full of negative people.
        
             | stakkur wrote:
             | That's a serious charge.
        
       | akshayB wrote:
       | Any biological life keeps itself alive by maintaining a steady
       | state of entropy. Making even a small changes like this is never
       | going to end well.
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | I think the main point is this isn't even close to a _small_
         | change.
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | this is not a scientifically accurate statement.
        
       | mitko wrote:
       | How do you reconcile the two seemingly contradictory statements
       | "it would be equivalent of getting hit by three lightnings at the
       | same time" and "it would destroy the planet"
       | 
       | Lightning happens all the time without affecting the planet, I
       | doubt a triple lightning would do more than 10x the damage of a
       | single lightning.
       | 
       | To me this kind of contradiction is a sign that the initial
       | assumption is impossible as lmilcin suggests here, and as the
       | original author concludes at the end of the article.
       | 
       | EDIT: 3 million, not 3. My mistake. Thanks for pointing that out.
        
         | evan_ wrote:
         | Check again- it says three MILLION lightning bolts.
        
         | adt2bt wrote:
         | Three million lightning bolts, not just three.
        
         | mcguire wrote:
         | To go further, the 3 million lightning strikes aren't really
         | part of the shenanigans that destroy the planet. More of a
         | side-effect, really.
        
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       (page generated 2021-09-09 23:02 UTC)