[HN Gopher] The gloves are off, the pants are on
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       The gloves are off, the pants are on
        
       Author : luu
       Score  : 44 points
       Date   : 2021-09-06 19:53 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.cold-takes.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.cold-takes.com)
        
       | breckenedge wrote:
       | When I started getting into reading pop psychology in my mid-20s,
       | I was very lucky to have a dad who reminded me to be skeptical of
       | this stuff, despite it all sounding very confident. Doubly lucky
       | to have a brother-in-law who eagerly criticized Gladwell's
       | "Outliers."
        
         | smitty1e wrote:
         | I was very appreciative of the Scott Adams podcast[1] when he
         | pointed out that any story or study that is too "on the nose",
         | that is, hits our confirmation biases too perfectly, needs to
         | be approached with extra caution.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.scottadamssays.com/
        
           | hobs wrote:
           | Advice he should have probably taken when referring to 4d
           | chess.
        
           | perl4ever wrote:
           | That idea didn't originate with him.
           | 
           | I can't recall enough of a quote to find it right now, but
           | someone said something like "any story that's good enough to
           | be repeated should be regarded with skepticism'.
           | 
           | It's the sort of thing that might be attributed to Mark Twain
           | or Robert Heinlein, whether or not they said it.
        
             | TrevorJ wrote:
             | I find it wonderfully self-referential that the quote in
             | question can't really be attributed reliably. It's perfect.
        
             | ksaj wrote:
             | That's a great quote. I tried and failed to find the
             | source, but if it comes to mind some time between now and
             | before you've forgotten you ever mentioned it, please
             | consider adding it to the thread.
        
       | twobitshifter wrote:
       | Radio stations near me seem to always be playing John Tesh
       | "intelligence for your life" I've often wondered a) how many
       | people take that advice and apply it and b) if you tried to apply
       | all the advice what would become of you. I'd wager that you would
       | have to start getting ready for bed immediately upon waking to
       | just handle all the things that are recommended to do "before
       | bed"
        
       | jpfed wrote:
       | >One person argues that the Prison Experiment was a case of
       | subjects behaving as their experimenters clearly wanted them to.
       | 
       | Is that to say that the Prison Experiment is actually explained
       | by the Milgram obedience experiments? :-)
        
       | Joeri wrote:
       | I'm sort of skeptical about these "turns out" stories. Generally
       | when you follow the trail of turns out the original statement is
       | kind of right but for the wrong reasons. It's sort of like high
       | school physics, kind of wrong, but right enough to be useful.
       | 
       | Take dunning-kruger for example. Yes, it was not shown that
       | people of low ability rank themselves higher than those of high
       | ability. But it was shown that people of low ability rank
       | themselves higher than they should, and that makes dunning-
       | kruger's popsci version right enough in many circumstances where
       | it is used to make a point.
       | 
       | Or take the findings on happiness. Yes, money can make you
       | happier, contrary to prevailing opinion. But other factors affect
       | happiness as well if not more, so if you have to choose between
       | money and other things, often times the other things will make
       | you happier. Again, the popsci version of "money doesn't make you
       | happy" is right enough to be useful.
       | 
       | Same thing with climate change skepticism. When you first start
       | digging into the better skeptic arguments they seem to be onto
       | something, but as you dig down into the details and peel back the
       | layers of the onion, the popsci consensus view of climate change
       | turns out to be right enough to be useful.
       | 
       | I've come to the conclusion that these false trueisms hang around
       | because they are "good enough". It turns out the turns outs are
       | much less insightful than they seem.
        
         | bussierem wrote:
         | Like every other popular thought/meme/idea though, it can be
         | equally true that they stick around, not because they are "good
         | enough" but rather because they support the opinion the person
         | (or people) already held. "money doesn't make you happy" could
         | just as easily be commonly believed because it helps people
         | stay happy when they don't have much money, and to explain away
         | not achieving more because "those rich folk aren't REALLY
         | happy, but I am". Same with the statically typing -- we all
         | know how opinionated people are about code, this just helps in
         | the echo chambers too.
         | 
         | But also, just because something is "true enough" isn't the
         | issue -- the issue is that these are touted as ways SCIENCE
         | proved someone right, when in fact they are absolutely not
         | "facts" like many believe, and so that can erode belief in
         | science.
        
       | derbOac wrote:
       | FWIW, I don't think the timescales are correct with the
       | longitudinal twin-exercise studies. I don't think anyone would
       | predict that exercise today would have anything (or rather, very
       | little) causal to do with mood 2 years from now. Sustained
       | exercise over the course of a couple of weeks or more might for
       | that period or for maybe a month or two afterward, but I doubt
       | anything more than that.
       | 
       | I also am not entirely sure that twin studies are the best way to
       | get at causality in terms of exercise and mood, because the
       | exercise is nonrandom. I think someone might object in the sense
       | that that's the point, but my perspective is that it's still not
       | the same as randomly assigning exercise. There's a lot buried in
       | their acknowledgment that a third factor could still account for
       | the results, as that means a lot given the design.
       | 
       | FWIW, there's also evidence in the opposite direction using
       | similar but different logic without twins, but using molecular
       | genetic risk scores:
       | 
       | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-021-01306-w
       | 
       | "The risk of depression was 22% higher among those at high
       | genetic risk compared with those at low genetic risk (HR = 1.22,
       | 95% CI: 1.14-1.30). Participants with high genetic risk and
       | unfavorable lifestyle had a more than two-fold risk of incident
       | depression compared with low genetic risk and favorable lifestyle
       | (HR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.84-2.58). There was no significant
       | interaction between genetic risk and lifestyle factors (P for
       | interaction = 0.69). Among participants at high genetic risk, a
       | favorable lifestyle was associated with nearly 50% lower relative
       | risk of depression than an unfavorable lifestyle (HR = 0.51, 95%
       | CI: 0.43-0.60). We concluded that genetic and lifestyle factors
       | were independently associated with risk of incident depression.
       | Adherence to healthy lifestyles may lower the risk of depression
       | regardless of genetic risk."
       | 
       | I guess the broader point is to be careful about making claims of
       | BS (or anything else) based on a single study.
        
       | tyingq wrote:
       | Similarly fun to have to spend days at work doing "Myers Briggs",
       | "Clifton Strengths" or variations thereof. Then have it woven
       | into unrelated conversations for months until the novelty wears
       | off.
        
         | jessriedel wrote:
         | Fwiw, the Big 5 (OCEAN) personality inventory is one of the
         | more robust findings in psychology (much more so than all the
         | examples from the blog post)
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Five_personality_traits
         | 
         | and the four Meyers Briggs "types" are quite correlated with
         | four of the Big 5.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myers%E2%80%93Briggs_Type_Indi...
         | 
         | Biggest issue with Meyers Briggs is that it gives people the
         | impression that types are discrete (i.e., traits have a bimodal
         | distribution) when in fact the traits are normally distributed.
         | And of course it's just out of date since MB was developed
         | decades ago and is entrenched in the business world.
        
       | xcdfgvd wrote:
       | Finished up at the proctologist's office?
        
       | draw_down wrote:
       | A very recent example: a made-up story about a hospital being
       | overrun with patients who had overdosed on Ivermectin, such that
       | they were unable to treat gunshot victims. This ran in Rolling
       | Stone, the Guardian and other pubs. Your usual run of smart,
       | skeptical urbane types accepted it uncritically.
       | 
       | Be careful when something you would like to be true comes along.
       | 
       | It's also worth examining what happens after something like this
       | is shown to be untrue. Some will own up to their mistake, most
       | will not. But will continue banging on about "misinformation" and
       | so forth.
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | On typing: "other, intangible process factors, e.g., the
       | preference of certain personality types for functional, static
       | and strongly typed languages" stands out.
       | 
       | As he says, you _may_ be able to show a slight benefit, but I
       | would bet that if you controlled for that  "personality type",
       | the strong and replicable result would be "people who program in
       | a language they like do a better job than those forced to use one
       | they don't like."
        
       | vorpalhex wrote:
       | The happiness/income debunking here is flawed. The use of
       | logarithm for the graph axis to give the perspective of a linear
       | relationship is flawed - it's also responding to a mis-summary of
       | the research.
       | 
       | Also note that the graph axis for income tops out at around..
       | about that 75k/year figure. Whoops.
       | 
       | It should also be noted that 75k figure is a median, it changes
       | based on cost of living.
        
         | srinivgp wrote:
         | It is not flawed. The subject is under study, continually. The
         | debunking comes from
         | https://www.pnas.org/content/118/4/e2016976118 where yes, many
         | measures of happiness seem to increase linearly as log(income)
         | increases. That means diminishing marginal utility of money,
         | but it does not mean there's a cap - the relationship seems to
         | continue at all income levels.
         | 
         | The main reason to believe the famous previous research was in
         | good faith and could still miss this result is because the
         | previous research used a measure of happiness which itself
         | capped out, and so _could not detect_ changes in happiness
         | after a certain level. If your instruments can't register any
         | changes above some amount, it is no wonder your results level
         | off and stop at that amount.
         | 
         | This new research could be wrong, of course. But there's no
         | mis-summary here.
        
           | niko001 wrote:
           | That's super interesting! I can see their study included
           | asking to what extent the participants are experiencing
           | certain negative/positive feelings (which may give some more
           | context), but isn't their core measure of happiness also
           | capped? They use a continuous response scale, but in terms of
           | being capped, it shouldn't matter if it's measured on a 0-100
           | or 1-5 scale, no? The participants can't be happier than
           | "extremely happy" in their study design as far as I can tell.
        
         | datavirtue wrote:
         | At $75k you stop sucking water with every breath. $150k is a
         | whole different life.
        
       | cjlm wrote:
       | The background to a lot of this skepticism is outlined well in
       | Rutger Bregman's Humankind [0]. I just finished it [1] and
       | enjoyed it.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.littlebrown.com/titles/rutger-
       | bregman/humankind/... [1] https://cjlm.ca/notes/humankind/
        
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       (page generated 2021-09-07 23:01 UTC)