[HN Gopher] Plans for a new city in the American desert
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Plans for a new city in the American desert
        
       Author : daegloe
       Score  : 74 points
       Date   : 2021-09-06 15:17 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.cnn.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.cnn.com)
        
       | boulos wrote:
       | The auto caps for the title transformed BIG (Bjarke Ingels Group)
       | => Big. But I think I'd also replace this archdaily post with the
       | direct https://cityoftelosa.com/ .
        
       | mastax wrote:
       | Looks like that ridiculous city the Saudi Crown Prince is
       | building. The difference is he has money to burn. Good luck
       | finding investors for this.
        
       | aero-glide2 wrote:
       | New city in desert reminded me of Neom, not quite sure what
       | happened to it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neom
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Oh, no, he's been reading Henry George. Check out Fairhope,
       | Alabama, which has George's single land tax system. "Everybody
       | Works but the Vacant Lot".
       | 
       | What are the big skeletal towers with a few plants hung on them
       | supposed to do?
        
         | larsiusprime wrote:
         | Fairhope has experienced quite a bit of mission drift from it's
         | original plan.
         | 
         | A better example would be Houston in 1911:
         | https://twitter.com/larsiusprime/status/1427107150053183505
         | 
         | Or if you want a really good and thorough modern empirical
         | study on the effects of land value tax, this paper from Denmark
         | from 2017: https://www.zbw.eu/econis-
         | archiv/bitstream/11159/1082/1/arbe...
        
       | mrfusion wrote:
       | What if we make an entire city in one giant building?
        
         | LargoLasskhyfv wrote:
         | Ahw! Looksie! Iz got rainbows!
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20120825041721/http://www.shimz....
        
       | spoonjim wrote:
       | Why put this in the desert if you don't need proximity to
       | anywhere? Why not in a place that has abundant water?
        
       | DenverCode wrote:
       | >purportedly drought-resistant water system
       | 
       | I'd love to know more about this.
        
         | avaldes wrote:
         | Stillsuits obviously, so you won't lose more than a thimbleful
         | of moisture a day
        
         | TYPE_FASTER wrote:
         | That was my first thought as well.
         | 
         | Especially as we are continually learning more about our
         | ability to estimate how much water is available to us:
         | 
         | https://www.kuer.org/health-science-environment/2021-02-09/m...
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | pcurve wrote:
       | "The cleanliness of Tokyo, the diversity of New York and the
       | social services of Stockholm: Billionaire Marc Lore has outlined
       | his vision for a 5-million-person "new city in America" and
       | appointed a world-famous architect to design it"
       | 
       | "The mission of Telosa is to create a more equitable and
       | sustainable future. That's our North Star."
       | 
       | I admire their ambition, but they are underestimating people's
       | preference for inequity as long as they're on the right side of
       | the graph. I don't know if they're asking the right questions and
       | solving for the right problems... their web site hasn't moved
       | beyond vaporware phase. https://cityoftelosa.com/
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | As someone living in small town on world scale. I wonder if
         | even trying to aim at 5 million is doing things wrong... Might
         | it be that real sweet spot is somewhere lower than that?
        
         | mistrial9 wrote:
         | > .. appointed a world-famous architect to design it"
         | 
         | LOL - this is ignorant ! there are two common Master's tracks
         | in the field, Architecture i.e. the design of buildings and
         | interior spaces, and Urban Planning i.e. the design of multiple
         | buildings in a functional way. Anyone would hire an Urban
         | Planner to design urban spaces, not an Architect.
         | 
         | source: 600 hours of working with Urban Planners in California
        
         | kiba wrote:
         | What would it take for the middle class homeowners of America
         | to prioritize housing for everyone rather than the price of
         | their home?
        
           | catillac wrote:
           | Framed like that it's hard to imagine choosing one or the
           | other and the answer might be intractable. A more interesting
           | question might be: What would it take to align policies
           | around housing for everyone with policies around increasing
           | the prices of homes such that the two things are strongly
           | positively correlated?
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | Housing cannot simultaneously remain affordable and "be a
             | good investment" (meaning increase at a rate faster than
             | general inflation).
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | One might also question should land even be sold.
               | Something like 20 or 30 year lease with re-evaluation of
               | value at end might make more sense. Ofc, this would
               | potentially lead to losing homes, but on other hand would
               | allow redevelopment for increased density regularly.
        
           | admax88qqq wrote:
           | Probably both buying out their current homes, and providing a
           | more reliable way for them to build equity over their
           | lifetimes.
        
           | ttul wrote:
           | Maybe replacing income taxes largely with property taxes? If
           | the home is not seen as a source of tax free imputed income,
           | then other things become more attractive, like investing in
           | startups. It's not a crazy idea. Switzerland taxes the
           | imputed rental income on your own home.
           | 
           | 1. https://www.credit-suisse.com/articles/private-
           | banking/2018/...
        
             | kiba wrote:
             | It's better to replace income taxes with land value tax,
             | which doesn't tax the property built on it.
             | 
             | Anyway, your proposal still run into the issue of acquiring
             | political will. It may work after it's implemented, but not
             | before it.
        
               | ttul wrote:
               | Yeah, the problem of political will is paramount. When a
               | majority of voters are homeowners, there isn't any will
               | to reduce home values...
        
           | nicoffeine wrote:
           | I found a pretty interesting theory reading about Germany,
           | since their property values are extremely stable:
           | 
           | 'Local German officials, like local leaders everywhere, seek
           | bigger budgets to provide more and better services to their
           | constituents. What's different about Germany is that the way
           | to get bigger budgets is to increase local populations. And,
           | as Professor Buettner says, "Ultimately, to get people,
           | municipalities will need to support housing."
           | 
           | The result is a system of incentives that is the opposite of
           | "fiscal zoning"--the US practice of zoning land in ways that
           | maximize local governments' income and minimize their costs.
           | In places with high sales taxes, such as Washington State,
           | leaders zone more land for shopping centers. In places where
           | residential property taxes are capped, such as California,
           | they zone less land for homes and more for offices. In
           | affluent suburbs, they often zone land for houses on large
           | lots, excluding low-income people.
           | 
           | Maximizing property values is such a central concern of local
           | government in the United States that Dartmouth economist
           | William Fischel developed the notion into an entire political
           | theory. His "homevoter hypothesis" holds that local
           | governments are almost single-mindedly focused on maximizing
           | real estate values, because homeowners typically vote their
           | home values in local elections. German jurisdictions gain
           | financially by maximizing population, not house values, and
           | because renters outnumber homeowners in the country,
           | homevoters are not the dominant electoral force in local
           | German elections. Renters are.'
           | 
           | https://www.sightline.org/2021/05/27/yes-other-countries-
           | do-...
        
       | demadog wrote:
       | Telosa is eerily similar to Tesla. Of course it's different but
       | my brain makes the connection. Wonder if there's a future
       | trademark lawsuit.
        
       | secnono wrote:
       | When I see Billionaires trying to "improve society" I spend my
       | time trying to figure out the angle so that they not only don't
       | spend any of their own money, but become far richer even if they
       | fail spectacularly.
        
       | rowanG077 wrote:
       | Holy shit, Night City is becoming real.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | GDC7 wrote:
       | "Build it and they will come" is fascinating but hasn't even
       | worked for Dubai, and the Emirates have poured into Dubai way
       | more than 400B since they decided that they'd open themselves up
       | to the world.
       | 
       | Dubai development started in 1980s.
       | 
       | Still today Dubai is made up of Westeners who made money in their
       | home country and they relocated there blinded by the lights and
       | the promise of an "endless summer" (matter of fact it gets chilly
       | in winter and I hope you like 120F on the regular during the
       | summer).
       | 
       | A city spurs up, you can't just build it and hope that people
       | will come, it's too big of a project.
       | 
       | Me thinks this is a PR move to get his name out there and use as
       | a hook to get some fundraising for some more sensible project.
        
         | gremloni wrote:
         | What are you on about? More than 50% of Dubai is Indians and
         | Pakistanis and not in a second class citizen way you're
         | imagining. Most businesses, LEO, administration are south
         | Asians. Not sure why you're latching on to the small minority
         | of westerners that live there.
        
       | Bayart wrote:
       | I feel every attempt at community-by-design bears within it the
       | seed of inhumane horror. Forget about the energy equation of
       | building a city in a desert, what's the on-boarding process for
       | prospective inhabitants ? Putting the price of accommodation sky-
       | high to make sure everybody's in the right tax-bracket (or even
       | earns enough to not pay taxes) ? Going through an interview
       | process to only take in people with the "right vibes" ? How do
       | you get teachers, garbage collectors, plumbers, nurses, all sorts
       | of manual workers ? Park them in a ghetto like in Dubai, make
       | ideological adhesion rather than money the filter (good luck with
       | funding) or try to automate them away ?
        
         | lprubin wrote:
         | One idea is an expansion of a law already on the books in many
         | cities. When you create a new building / housing complex (which
         | will be 100% in a new city), you require X% of units to be
         | "affordable housing". I could see the city just increasing the
         | required % and then giving tax credits to developers to offset
         | the lost revenue to them. Given that this city would be built
         | in stages, it will give them time to hone in on the desired
         | percentage.
        
           | ac29 wrote:
           | The problem is "affordable housing" isnt actually affordable
           | for many. I qualify for it in the city I live in, and despite
           | working full time for significantly above minimum wage, the
           | rent on a 1bd apartment through this program would be about
           | 75% of my take-home income.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | kiba wrote:
           | I don't think this work as this is just rent controlled
           | housing. Better to cut the unnecessary red tape and let
           | developers build more housing.
           | 
           | Also, I think penalizing vacant properties would also be a
           | good idea.
        
             | jdavis703 wrote:
             | In practice I don't think this works for an green field
             | city. Filtering takes decades to occur. In the meantime new
             | housing will always be more expensive than a low-income
             | worker can afford. If the city wants service workers
             | they're going to have to subsidize their initial housing.
        
               | swiley wrote:
               | One alternative is to pay workers enough to afford
               | housing. It's surprising how rarely people mention that
               | idea. It's very likely thee d of "worker+housing
               | shortage" which is just a very roundabout way to say
               | "massive inflation."
        
             | lprubin wrote:
             | I'm curious to hear why you think it doesn't work. I'm not
             | necessarily disagreeing, just would like to know more.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | The point is that no matter how much housing you reserve
               | to be "affordable housing", it will still be scarce and
               | thus unaffordable to most. And this kind of well-
               | intentioned red tape often ends up shrinking the supply
               | of housing as a whole, which only makes it even less
               | affordable.
        
               | lprubin wrote:
               | If you compensate the developers' losses in revenue with
               | tax breaks, how does it shrink the supply?
        
               | kiba wrote:
               | If it doesn't encourage developers to build more houses,
               | then it does nothing.
               | 
               | We care more about the number of people housed, not
               | merely just people who are housed who can afford their
               | bills.
        
               | lprubin wrote:
               | The original question was "How do you get teachers,
               | garbage collectors, plumbers, nurses, all sorts of manual
               | workers ?" Those people all have some amount of money
               | they can afford to pay their bills. Since a city needs
               | some percentage of those workers, having housing they can
               | afford is a big step towards attracting them.
        
               | kiba wrote:
               | If you want affordable housing, then build houses.
        
               | throwawaysea wrote:
               | But where is the line? Rampant development can completely
               | alter the feel and culture of a neighborhood and city. It
               | can take away from those things the existing residents
               | enjoy. Sure more supply can accommodate more humans but
               | they won't necessarily be the same humans if current
               | residents leave, and it won't necessarily be the same
               | place afterwards. Desirability (demand) creates scarcity
               | but scarcity can also be desirable in itself for some
               | things. At some threshold, the answer isn't build more
               | but locate people elsewhere and build a more distributed
               | economy rather than a few concentrated powerful cities or
               | states.
        
         | panarky wrote:
         | > energy equation of building a city in a desert
         | 
         | Solar and nuclear work great in deserts.
         | 
         | I'd be more concerned about water.
        
           | zer0tonin wrote:
           | How do you cool a nuclear reactor without water?
        
             | nanomonkey wrote:
             | Night radiative cooling, the Cosmic Background radiation
             | temperature is 4 degrees K.
        
               | dave333 wrote:
               | This can be great for houses as well see https://www.goog
               | le.com/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.solarm...
        
             | fogof wrote:
             | I guess you don't. That's why they're concerned.
        
             | bgardell wrote:
             | Sewage
        
           | dreamcompiler wrote:
           | Water is the biggest challenge. All the city's waste water
           | will need to be recycled. That's doable, but to compensate
           | for evaporation they might also need to pipe in water from
           | coastal desalination plants if they cannot harvest enough
           | rain. That's a lot harder.
        
         | ginko wrote:
         | What's more did any of these planned communities ever pan out?
         | There were plenty projects started in the 20th century alone.
         | Guess Walt Disney's Epcot is the most well known failure.
        
           | dboreham wrote:
           | Washington DC
        
           | dougmwne wrote:
           | Barcelona's Eixample comes to mind as a success with its 520
           | uniform housing blocks and 260,000 residents.
        
           | JoshuaDavid wrote:
           | I'd say that Irvine, California panned out.
        
           | pmyteh wrote:
           | There are a bunch of planned new towns in the UK from the
           | 20th century, as well as 'model' factory villages from the
           | 19th. Some of them are really nice, some less so. Milton
           | Keynes is the most interesting, I think. Well loved by the
           | people who live there, mocked by those who don't, still
           | successfully growing.
        
           | jeffwass wrote:
           | Savannah, Georgia is a pretty city, based on the Oglethorpe
           | Plan back in 1733.
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oglethorpe_Plan
        
       | IdontRememberIt wrote:
       | A better bet, would be to have a strong government building and
       | planning efficient infrastructure (transportation, utilities,
       | ecology, etc) so that private initiatives make economical and
       | competitive sense.
        
       | jeffbee wrote:
       | That initial stage isn't very promising. 50000 people on 1500
       | acres is only about 30 dwellings per acre, not very impressive.
       | You can achieve that density with traditional row houses.
        
         | sokoloff wrote:
         | That's inhabitants per acre. Dwellings is probably just under
         | half of that figure.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | Right, how did I neglect that. It's positively suburban.
        
       | spankalee wrote:
       | It's exciting to see a new ambitious project like this. America
       | definitely needs new cities to help with housing abd
       | environmental problems. I have a few concerns though:
       | 
       | Location: We need new cities in there north add climate change
       | ramps up. Desert doesn't sound great. And new cities need to be
       | built in low population states to balance out the Senate.
       | Wyoming, Montana, the Dakotas, WV would be best. Otherwise the
       | country continues to become more dysfunctional. Up north there's
       | underutilized Amtrak lines too.
       | 
       | Local Transportation: autonomous cars are cool, but are still
       | space inefficient compare to mass transit. A new city is an
       | amazing opportunity to build mass transit more cheaply with cut-
       | and-cover tunnels. You can also plan for commercial
       | transportation with delivery tunnels and below ground docks.
       | These are the kinds of things you can't easily add to an existing
       | city and should be the focus.
       | 
       | Regional Transportation: Where's the airport and how does it
       | connect to the city? Will there be a central train station? How
       | do carless residents reach regional attractions like
       | state/national parks and recreation areas?
       | 
       | Parks: It's nearly impossible to add large parks to a new city,
       | but they immensely improve quality of life. A new city should be
       | designed around large central parks and neighborhood parks. You
       | also need to have a green belt surrounding the city to prevent
       | sprawl.
       | 
       | Density: SF density isn't it. SF is mostly a suburb west of Van
       | Ness. Shoot for Paris.
       | 
       | Industry: People need jobs. Where are the light industrial areas
       | and how do they integrate with the city so they're not blighted
       | pollution centers? Will they be transit connected so people don't
       | need cars?
        
         | hakfoo wrote:
         | Why not pick an old Rust Belt town, plane it smooth, and start
         | over?
         | 
         | If you boost density substantially, you might only need a
         | portion of the current land area (simplifying the acquisition
         | and clearing process).
         | 
         | Maybe you can even use the existing population base to help
         | bootstrap the economy. I could see making some sort of offer
         | for people to sign over their land (with decrepit buildings and
         | worn-out infrastructure) for highly subsidized or free units in
         | the newly built city.
        
       | bserge wrote:
       | Why would anyone move there? You need work to attract workers.
       | Why would any company move/start there?
       | 
       | Middle of the desert smh. Why not build it underwater and get rid
       | of all the pesky ethical/moral laws, allow any biotech research
       | and free experimentation on humans?
        
         | Karrot_Kream wrote:
         | Building human-comfortable areas in a desert is quite
         | environmentally friendly, given a source of water (and I don't
         | want to brush this one under the rug; it's actually fairly
         | difficult).
         | 
         | Things about a desert that make energy use lower:
         | 
         | - Evaporative cooling can decrease cooling needs. Using a fan
         | or an evaporative cooler is much more feasible in dry
         | environments.
         | 
         | - Hot days and cool nights mean it's fairly simple to store
         | thermal energy and use that for cooking, water heating, area
         | heating, and/or clothes drying (if you want to actively heat
         | your clothes) at night
         | 
         | - Lots of sun, so solar energy is highly viable. That means
         | lighting can be done through solar energy.
         | 
         | - If the area is windy, fairly easy to ventilate homes just
         | through outdoor wind and maybe an E/HRV if necessary
         | 
         | High humidity areas are really difficult to cool because after
         | a certain Relative Humidity level in the air, fans just stop
         | being effective due to evaporative cooling being insufficient.
         | ACs were originally invented as a method of dehumidification.
         | That said, growing crops in these environments can be a
         | challenge (you can certainly grow aeroponically in greenhouses,
         | but that's energy use, so the numbers need to be crunched) and
         | using transport to fetch water and crops could make the whole
         | project non-viable. There is potential for using solar to
         | desalinate but the water itself needs to come from somewhere.
        
           | Ekaros wrote:
           | What is viability of storing thermal energy for cooking? Out-
           | side very few specific scenarios like sous-vide proteins, the
           | temperatures generally used are too high for efficient energy
           | transfer.
        
         | gremloni wrote:
         | Speak for yourself. Middle of the desert is amazing given there
         | is a source of water (aquifer, desalination plant etc.).
         | Deserts are clean, nice and hot year round, not humid and
         | extremely conducive to solar energy.
        
       | pcmoney wrote:
       | Overall like the 15 minute focus but feel it is best achieved
       | organically. Planned cities rarely work and they almost always
       | feel weird.
       | 
       | Look at Brasilia for example. I dont see the desert aspect, with
       | what water?
        
       | nemo44x wrote:
       | The cognitive dissonance in their descriptions of how things will
       | work and how things will be is amazing. Everything is "inclusive"
       | and "equitisim" and the community has a direct voice in every
       | decision (that will scale to 5 million people!). But yet all this
       | is being dictated by what I assume is the authority over
       | everything in this make-believe place. Everything on their
       | website states as a matter of fact how "things will be". This
       | isn't how things work and it's written like it was created from
       | the most upvoted posts on Reddit. Teachers will "be paid well" -
       | what does that mean? Who decides what "paid well" means? What if
       | they unionize, for example?
       | 
       | What if the people that move there decide they don't want any of
       | these things? What if the first settlers decide to vote for
       | individual property ownership?
       | 
       | This place sounds more like a utopian commune than a realistic
       | place.
        
         | kyleee wrote:
         | Yep, it feels like it could be satire. The project will likely
         | be a boondoggle, assuming it even gets off the ground
        
       | yongjik wrote:
       | This doesn't sound like a serious business proposal. Just
       | consider one example:
       | 
       | > The building features elevated water storage, aeroponic farms
       | and an energy-producing photovoltaic roof that allow it to "share
       | and distribute all it produces."
       | 
       | In other words, this building is going to be freaking expensive:
       | (1) Upper floors of a skyscraper is probably the most expensive
       | place you could store water in. (2) There's a reason why we're
       | not buying cabbages and avocados from aeroponic farms now -
       | they're much more expensive than traditional farming. (3) If you
       | have a city in the middle of a desert, why would you put solar
       | panels on top of a building, instead of right next to the city?
       | 
       | Also, there's no mention on what kind of industry and jobs the
       | city could attract - which isn't surprising given the tone of the
       | article.
        
         | tadfisher wrote:
         | Basically all water storage in NYC is rooftop storage. The
         | water system needs to maintain a pressure gradient, and
         | converting cheap electricity to potential energy is much more
         | economical than running twice the number of pumps to meet
         | instantaneous demand.
        
         | jcranmer wrote:
         | > (1) Upper floors of a skyscraper is probably the most
         | expensive place you could store water in.
         | 
         | Water pipes are pressurized using gravity (there's a reason
         | tanks for water distribution systems are commonly referred to
         | as "water towers"); indeed, water systems frequently measure
         | pressure using the height above sea level it can reach without
         | pumps rather than more natural units of pressure. If the city's
         | water mains aren't capable of pushing it to every floor of your
         | building (which is going to be true for a skyscraper), then
         | you'll have to naturally pressurize it yourself by keeping the
         | main water tank high.
         | 
         | If you don't do that, your options are either to pump the main
         | water main anyways (just without a natural tank on the top),
         | with lots of pressure regulators for the lower flows; several
         | vertical water mains to service different vertical pressure
         | zones; or one water main with lots and lots of smaller (and
         | hence less efficient overall) pumps to keep the pressure
         | reasonable at different altitudes. Keeping the water tank high
         | instead lowers the amount of infrastructure you need, lowers
         | the costs of regulating pressure, and has better fail-safe
         | conditions if the power cuts out for a while.
        
         | eloff wrote:
         | Every apartment building I've lived in over 20 stories puts
         | their water reservoir on the roof. The reason is to let gravity
         | distribute it when a tap is opened.
        
       | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
       | I'm very curious, have there _ever_ been any  "cities from the
       | ground up" projects that don't turn out to be total shit that end
       | up just reflecting the urban planning fallacies of the day?
       | (Looking at you, Brasilia)
       | 
       | I mean, all of the cities that are most "livable" in my mind are
       | old cities that were designed before the car and thus have enough
       | density and public transportation to make things both close and
       | also the kind of place where it's fun to just walk around.
       | 
       | These "master planned cities" always end up like houses that are
       | designed with all these pretty rooms that nobody actually uses.
        
         | boomboomsubban wrote:
         | Dubai? Not really something to emulate though. Hong Kong,
         | Singapore, and Taipei also kind of fit.
        
           | IdontRememberIt wrote:
           | These are not private initiatives. They were the will of
           | powerful, bright and respected people.
        
             | boomboomsubban wrote:
             | Private people can't be powerful, bright, and respected?
             | Plus their example was Brasilia, not a private initiative
             | either.
             | 
             | >They were the will of powerful, bright and respected
             | people.
             | 
             | Not the first adjectives I'd use to describe imperialists,
             | colonialists and warlords personally.
        
           | throw0101a wrote:
           | > _Dubai?_
           | 
           | I have heard that Dubai does not have street names, so giving
           | directions and arranging deliveries can be... challenging. Is
           | this statement accurate?
        
             | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
             | I think "missing street names" is probably #2879 on the
             | prioritized list of things that make Dubai the best example
             | of a complete modern dystopia.
        
         | spoonjim wrote:
         | Daybreak in Utah is really good.
        
           | seattle_spring wrote:
           | Daybreak [1] is just a big suburb. It's a far cry from a
           | self-sufficient city built from the ground up.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daybreak_(community)
        
         | xerxes777 wrote:
         | Saint Petersburg
        
         | energybar wrote:
         | Reston, Virginia ?
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reston,_Virginia#Planning_and_...
        
         | lprubin wrote:
         | Wikipedia has a really interesting world list of "Planned
         | Cities" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planned_community)
         | 
         | It also has a decent rundown of modern American ones (https://e
         | n.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planned_community#Modern_plann...).
         | 
         | You'll have to use your own judgement on a case by case basis
         | if they were successful or not and if they meet your personal
         | definition of master planned.
         | 
         | But I found the lists a very interesting read.
        
       | dave333 wrote:
       | Figure out the best location for a hyperloop hub and put it there
        
       | TulliusCicero wrote:
       | Given how zoning and urban design tend to have been done in US
       | cities -- that is, very badly -- I'm not opposed to this. It even
       | sounds intriguing, but I have a hard time personally finding a
       | city in a desert to be attractive, even if the urban design is
       | great.
        
         | yourapostasy wrote:
         | Deserts can be great for living in once you manage the heat
         | through shading and wind management. Desert sand is very
         | amenable to conversion into rich loamy soil through taking in
         | lots of organic matter in surprisingly few years. Living in
         | such a climate can be made attractive. The challenge is clean,
         | potable water, which is really embodied energy. The evaporation
         | of such water happens at a ferocious rate out in the open.
         | There are also daunting challenges around long-term high-
         | density human impacts upon the desert ecosystem, which serve
         | important functions that are still not well-understood [1].
         | 
         | [1] https://www.environmentalscience.org/deserts-ecosystems
        
           | TulliusCicero wrote:
           | > There are also daunting challenges around long-term high-
           | density human impacts upon the desert ecosystem, which serve
           | important functions that are still not well-understood [1].
           | 
           | That's a rather odd way of framing it. For one thing, having
           | higher density seems like a rather obvious environmental
           | good, since it means less total natural area disrupted. If
           | you refuse high density in some area, the people who would've
           | lived there don't just disappear; they go live in some other
           | area, probably lower density, in a way that hurts the
           | environment even more.
           | 
           | And while there's obviously life in desert ecosystems,
           | there's substantially less of it compared to most other
           | ecosystems -- you could say the same thing you said of
           | grasslands or forest or what have you, except it'd be much
           | more true.
        
       | dukeofdoom wrote:
       | Shenzhen and Dubai are key port cities, making them global
       | hotspots for the flow of wealth and goods long before they became
       | the modern cities of today. A city in the desert has none of
       | those foundational benefits.
        
       | jmugan wrote:
       | Reminds me of The Water Knife by Paolo Bacigalupi.
        
       | human wrote:
       | One more news story that makes me feel like we live in Black
       | Mirror.
        
       | recursivedoubts wrote:
       | Henry George is a forgotten hero of american history, swept under
       | the rug by today's corporate conservative-v-liberal punch and
       | judy show:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_George
       | 
       | When he died 100,000 people showed up at his funeral:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_George#Death_and_funeral
       | 
       | Can you imagine anyone showing up at an economists funeral today,
       | except to heckle?
       | 
       | It's unfortunate that this project mixes Georgism w/ dehumanized
       | modern architecture. Most people want to live in traditional,
       | walkable neighborhoods, as prices suggest.
        
         | larsiusprime wrote:
         | Yeah as a Georgist I find this super-city plan pretty
         | confusing. I mean if you're going to build a super-city go
         | ahead and implement LVT, but it feels a bit quixotic to me. You
         | could take all that money and put it into training the next
         | generation of assessors to fix problems of chronically under-
         | assessing land and you'd do much more immediate good for the
         | world and spur much more development.
        
       | adventured wrote:
       | You can't have the cleaniless of Tokyo in a US city unless you're
       | willing to harshly punish people - Singapore style - for
       | transgressions. That won't stand up legally in terms of civil
       | rights. You have to entirely remake the culture to get that
       | outcome, and that's not going to happen. Urban US culture is
       | largely mediocre. The last thing the US needs is another Las
       | Vegas, building another major US city in the desert is moronic.
       | 
       | In general the US does not need more cities. The US can't operate
       | its existing cities properly. It's embarrassing how disgusting
       | and violent most US cities are. Culturally the US should figure
       | out how to run the cities it has before building new ones. To say
       | nothing of the fact that the US has no need of new mega cities
       | from a practical standpoint, we're facing population decline or
       | stagnation, not a population boom.
       | 
       | Cities are cultural extensions of the nations they reside in,
       | along with regional influences. It's highly predictable what
       | you'll get out of another city built in the US. Let's focus $400
       | billion on public transportation improvements for our existing
       | cities, including rail and a lot more electric buses.
        
         | refurb wrote:
         | Singapore doesn't harshly punish to maintain its level of
         | cleanliness. There is plenty of littering. They just have a
         | massive army of cheap foreign labor to constantly clean.
        
         | nicoburns wrote:
         | Yeah, when you start thinking about what you could do for
         | infrastructure in existing cities for $400B then you start
         | realising what a bad idea this project is.
        
       | Proven wrote:
       | > Although planners are still scouting for locations, possible
       | targets include Nevada, Utah, Idaho, Arizona, Texas and the
       | Appalachian region
       | 
       | Although the project quotes problems with capitalism, they intend
       | to maintain safe distance from socialist states.
        
       | aufhebung wrote:
       | This is somewhat off topic from the article, but why did the web
       | designers for this site choose such an awful font for the title?
        
       | jazzyjackson wrote:
       | It's reminiscent of Arcosanti in it's aim of transforming a harsh
       | environment into somewhere livable, instead of just picking
       | somewhere livable in the first place. Maybe it's just pragmatic
       | since arid land is the cheapest land, but it has a nice principal
       | to it, of taking land and improving it instead of draining and
       | farming everything out of it.
       | 
       | I think Arcosanti has a second design advantage tho, it started
       | with a small but livable urban core, so even with 50 residents
       | the city is functional (given enough tourists) but the plans
       | include expansions for 500 and then 5,000 residents. To grow the
       | city as people show up seems like a better move then spending
       | billions of dollars before you open the gates.
        
       | eCa wrote:
       | > will be built from scratch on a desert [...] with lush
       | landscapes
       | 
       | Will be interesting to see how sustainable that is.
        
         | HeckFeck wrote:
         | Maybe they're working on terraforming technology.
        
           | tpmx wrote:
           | They're not planning anything beyond fancy renders.
        
         | yourapostasy wrote:
         | Same concerns with THE LINE [1] in Saudi Arabia.
         | 
         | I'm guessing that the energy harvesting from the geography and
         | leveraging the locale's low humidity for evaporative cooling,
         | along with the generally ultra-low cost of acquiring the dirt,
         | are pretty attractive for moonshot projects like these. I've
         | yet to see any of these types of projects start with
         | fundamentals like better-than-PassivHaus insulation standards,
         | or NetZero standards, or make form follow function by
         | performing and designing around an energy flow analysis, or
         | learn from the lessons that Strong Towns extracted from the
         | population density factors, and so on, so these projects are
         | likely run into many of the same foundational challenges that
         | many nations and cities struggle with today. I think coming up
         | with a framework that allows organic evolution towards
         | integrating these many different factors continuously over the
         | long-term is all we can really hope to accomplish for practical
         | success; we likely simply don't have the sufficient analytical
         | tools to design-up-front except in the most basic,
         | infrastructural ways.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.neom.com/en-us/whatistheline
        
       | webmobdev wrote:
       | There are already so many dying or dead towns / cities in the US
       | that building a new city in a desert sounds like thoughtless,
       | careless waste (not to mention the ecological disaster of
       | displacing / destroying the ecosystem of the desert). When there
       | are so many habitable locations, why build a city in an
       | inhospitable environment - so much energy resource is going to be
       | wasted to make it habitable ...
       | 
       | - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_the_Uni...
       | 
       | - https://www.businessinsider.com/10-american-cities-that-are-...
        
         | zenonu wrote:
         | This new city most likely depends on getting necessary
         | regulatory and code approvals that would be impossible
         | elsewhere. There's also a reason why towns become ghost towns,
         | and the investors putting in $400B in funding probably don't
         | want to start with one foot in the metaphorical grave.
        
           | stephen_g wrote:
           | From the sound of it, he's still looking for all of the
           | "investors putting in $400B of funding" at this point. For
           | now, it seems he's just doing PR and paying an architecture
           | firm to make 3D renders.
        
           | kitsunesoba wrote:
           | To me the set of issues that come with building up a pre-
           | existing city/town are similar to those faced by companies
           | and municipalities looking to lay fiberoptic cable for
           | internet service: endless political hurdles and
           | obstructionism coming from the numerous groups and
           | individuals involved, slowing development to a crawl or
           | stopping it altogether.
           | 
           | It's no wonder why this project is pursuing a "clean slate"
           | approach.
        
         | Gimpei wrote:
         | According to the article Appalachia is also under
         | consideration, which I guess would alleviate the water
         | concerns. The only justification I can think of for a project
         | like this is BANANAs making the reformation of current cities
         | impossible. But I share your skepticism. But it's always nice
         | to see cool architectural mockups!
        
         | yuppie_scum wrote:
         | If they tried to rebuild a functional modern city in an
         | existing dying city it would be called gentrification and
         | vilified by the current occupants.
        
         | njarboe wrote:
         | Because trying out new political structures that is the reason
         | for building the new city. Nevada has passed a law recently
         | that allows for basically the creation of new counties within
         | existing ones. The county level is where quite a bit of
         | political power lies, even though that level of government is
         | often forgotten. Who knows what might come out of it, but I
         | would like to see someone give it a try.
        
       | ThePadawan wrote:
       | I don't know who I would rather have design a city from scratch:
       | 
       | - A billionaire "with a vision"
       | 
       | - Someone who has spent more than 10k hours playing Cities:
       | Skylines
        
       | tracerbulletx wrote:
       | If they're considering the Appalachians it's not so much they
       | want to build a city in the desert, as a city anywhere they can
       | get cheap land and government to leave them alone.
        
       | IdontRememberIt wrote:
       | Eco-friendly in the desert and away from oceans... A sure way to
       | have low fix and variable costs. Is this a remake of Ghost towns
       | in China?
        
       | smitty1e wrote:
       | Hopefully the Southwest is ruled out.
       | 
       | That region is wildly over-populated for the amount of water
       | available.
        
         | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
         | There's still plenty of water in the SW for residential
         | purposes. At least 70% of the water use is for commercial
         | agriculture, an idea hatched in the early 20th century after
         | two of the wettest decades in the last 1200 years. People
         | living in this part of the world is not so much of an issue;
         | growing lots of crops (especially high-water-use ones like
         | alfalfa, rice, almonds) is.
        
           | amanaplanacanal wrote:
           | I believe for the most part the water is owned by the folks
           | using it. Is there even a way for them to sell their water to
           | a new city?
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | https://archive.is/fC5U0
       | 
       | Longer article:
       | 
       | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2021-09-01/how-diape...
       | 
       | http://web.archive.org/web/20210905140905/https://www.bloomb...
       | 
       | https://archive.is/5j0tJ
        
       | webwielder2 wrote:
       | Place it at the intersection of Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming to
       | undo some of the Senate/EC slant.
        
       | KyleBrandt wrote:
       | Emphasis on "plans":
       | 
       | "Now, he just needs somewhere to build it -- and $400 billion in
       | funding"
        
       | mindvirus wrote:
       | I love the ambition. One thing I've been really amazed about
       | China has been the willingness to tackle big infrastructure
       | projects - building cities like Shenzhen in a few decades and all
       | of the infrastructure projects in the Pearl River Delta in
       | general. I think we need more of that in the west. So I wish them
       | luck - I hope real estate speculation doesn't ruin it.
       | 
       | One thing I've noticed with US politics is that things tend to be
       | viewed as local issues instead of national ones. For example,
       | NYC's public transit is a key part of the US's financial engine,
       | but still chronically underfunded and mismanaged, and New York's
       | problem to deal with. So I hope people see projects like this as
       | points of national pride, even if they don't live there.
        
         | wolfretcrap wrote:
         | It's mind blowing how much land the US has. I live in India and
         | here finding farmland is not easy to say least, while I see lot
         | of cheap land available in the US all time with much more
         | facilities than a small city in India would have.
         | 
         | I've always wondered why America has not built many more cities
         | with all that available land.
        
           | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
           | Most of that cheap land you are seeing available in the US is
           | not close to what you'd consider farmland.
           | 
           | Consider the location of the 100th meridian as it somewhat
           | bisects the continent. West of that line, you cannot really
           | grow anything without irrigation. East of that line, and to
           | some extent there's enough rainfall that stuff will grow on
           | its own, albeit not optimally.
           | 
           | Most the cheap available land you will find in the US is west
           | of the 100th meridian, and is dry largely inorganic dirt.
           | 
           | As for the cities, you may not be aware of this, but the
           | southwest (and perhaps western) US is in year 21 of a drought
           | that rivals the worst of the last 1200 years, and there is no
           | sign that the situation is likely to improve in the next
           | century or so.
        
             | dreamcompiler wrote:
             | This. The western half of the US is going to become useless
             | for farming in the next 50 years because all the aquifers
             | are drying up and they take tens of thousands of years to
             | recharge. Which is another way of saying that farming in
             | the western US has only been possible because it harvested
             | fossil water that's now almost gone.
        
             | hirundo wrote:
             | This is the basis of the plot of The Sea of Grass, a
             | classic Spencer Tracy / Katherine Hepburn movie. Tracy is a
             | rancher trying to make this argument to some optimistic
             | farmers. They see it as self-serving, which they are right
             | about, but so is Tracy. Tragedy ensues.
        
           | kiba wrote:
           | Our problem is more about in-fill development then taking up
           | land. Why would we want to make more cities? Better preserves
           | the wilderness.
        
           | nine_zeros wrote:
           | The path to building a city involves first building a small
           | town with some kind of economic activity. Because of a lack
           | of people (especially young people), it's hard to create a
           | brand new city with a vibrant economy. Most of the existing
           | young people in America move to existing big cities. Small
           | cities are becoming bigger.
           | 
           | This is unlike China where cities were built en masse to
           | house migrants from rural areas. America just doesn't have
           | the same volume of workers.
           | 
           | America is still pretty empty.
        
           | R0b0t1 wrote:
           | The goal isn't to pack people on the planet like sardines.
        
           | dradtke wrote:
           | Probably because America has only about a quarter of the
           | population that India has? Also, the ideal of the American
           | homestead or even suburban home is one that doesn't place a
           | high value on sharing space or being close to your neighbors.
        
         | camjohnson26 wrote:
         | I just finished reading The Devil in the White City, which is
         | about the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago and intercuts the story
         | with serial killer H. H. Holmes' crimes. What struck me most
         | was how the event's success was far from guaranteed, and it
         | took a mix of national/civic pride, hubris, ambition, and luck
         | to pull it off. We tend to think of massive engineering
         | projects as guaranteed successes and scaling to fill their
         | need, but I think we underestimate how much influence
         | individual people have in pulling these projects off.
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Devil_in_the_White_City
        
         | throwawaysea wrote:
         | I think with NYC it is the mismanaged part more so than
         | underfunded. Limiting cities (and people) by having them live
         | within their means forces better management. When that doesn't
         | work I feel the solution isn't to pump more money in but rather
         | to seek out alternatives. The market does that automatically -
         | people will choose to live elsewhere to avoid ever higher local
         | and state taxes, or to avoid an inadequate subway system. The
         | country addresses the problem by decentralizing away from NYC,
         | in your example. Of course in reality it doesn't quite play out
         | in a perfect idealistic way. The alternative is that the nation
         | pump money in but also control NYC. Shenzhen may be a partially
         | planned city but it isn't also independent in the way American
         | cities are.
        
         | kiba wrote:
         | We already have lot of infrastructure projects here in America.
         | It's called roads. Endless ceaseless expansion of roads.
         | 
         | I think we need to stop mindlessly expand roads, and reconsider
         | our infrastructure priority before we can start doing massive
         | megaprojects.
        
           | finnh wrote:
           | Isn't a new city an example of priority reconsideration? I
           | don't follow your argument.
        
         | simonh wrote:
         | The thing is we don't have the best part of a billion people
         | living in a desolate backward, almost jobless countryside that
         | needed to be funnelled into economically productive occupations
         | over the last 30 years, as China has. Most of our populations
         | are already urbanised. The majority of the people who would
         | live in this city already live in cities.
         | 
         | We do have urban housing shortages and all sorts of demographic
         | problems, I'm not saying a project like this is by necessity
         | flawed, but the motivating dynamics for us are very different
         | from what has been happening in China and SE Asia.
        
         | dheera wrote:
         | In my experience growing up (in Asia) almost every city that
         | created by a government saying "let's build a new shiny city in
         | the middle of nowhere" was an utter flop at getting people to
         | move in.
         | 
         | People have families, livelihoods, businesses, kids that need
         | schools, grandparents that need care, friends, and emotional
         | attachments to cultural things like food. "Shiny new buildings"
         | are great to look for an hour but it gets old quickly. After
         | that you start missing that noodle shack at the end of the
         | street, the park the kids play in, and the sights and sounds of
         | a bustling street market. Homes being 3X the price just because
         | they are newly built, and a lack of jobs for _both_ parents,
         | doesn 't help make people want to move, either.
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | I have a coworker who cries about everything the government
         | spends money on because it doesn't directly put cash in his
         | pocket.
         | 
         | How do you explain that things like this are still beneficial
         | to him? That a rising tide lifts all boats?
        
       | aaron695 wrote:
       | This truly looks like a dystopian nightmare.
       | 
       | Fucking glass.
       | 
       | And roads with grass? Will there be robots making sure you
       | neither walk or have drones on the grass? I guess they'd control
       | the vehicle's to keep it pretty but how do they control you?
       | 
       | I don't get the scam here, but it's also a grid city -
       | https://newatlas.com/architecture/telosa-city-bjarke-ingels-...
       | 
       | WTF is with a grid city?
       | 
       | I get all the awful stuff in the photos that make it look pretty,
       | but surely people hate grids both in photos and real life.
       | 
       | Is this some sort of propaganda thing? Grids are allegedly bad
       | for cars, so we self flagellate by creating awful grid cities to
       | hurt the 'car'
       | 
       | If I think about places in every city I've visited or places I
       | loved as a child, being on a grid is not place's I go too. It'll
       | be short cuts and hidden parks in loops and random alleyways. I'm
       | pretty sure psychology also confirms people like living in curved
       | planning mentally.
        
       | oneplane wrote:
       | You would think that anywhere that is not an extreme would be a
       | better choice to build a project from scratch that is supposed to
       | be 'the most' sustainable but also attractive.
       | 
       | Perhaps this is a side-effect due to the state or country chosen,
       | where there are no realistic alternatives? Even going to a more
       | moderate location slightly farther away from the equator doesn't
       | seem all that difficult vs. really sticking with a desert.
        
       | mrfusion wrote:
       | How would they handle homelessness and truancy?
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | I am not really educated about how things are going now, but,
       | when I was attending school, they used Brasilia[0], as an example
       | of a "great idea that never made it." I have also read about the
       | giant Chinese "ghost cities."
       | 
       | I think that having a reason to be there, is 99% of the incentive
       | to build a city.
       | 
       | There's a reason that almost every city is on a body of water.
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia
        
         | simonh wrote:
         | The Chinese ghost city stories were largely unfounded. There
         | was a supposed 'ghost city' near my wife's hometown in China,
         | but it's now a thriving city full of people. The thing is
         | building and kickstarting something like that takes time. The
         | facades and roads go up first, but it takes months to get all
         | the homes made liveable and get the basic utilities up and
         | running, then ramp up the population.
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | Cool. Thanks for setting the record straight.
           | 
           | That makes perfect sense.
        
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