[HN Gopher] Who's downloading pirated papers? Everyone (2016)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Who's downloading pirated papers? Everyone (2016)
        
       Author : azalemeth
       Score  : 403 points
       Date   : 2021-09-05 09:22 UTC (13 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.science.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.science.org)
        
       | tomxor wrote:
       | It's not pirated if the tax payer paid for it... the copyright is
       | invalid. I know it's just semantics, but let's not give evil corp
       | words to make their parasitic scheme seem legitimate.
        
       | fouc wrote:
       | Remembering Aaron Swartz
        
       | lousken wrote:
       | what's the progress on open access in EU? I can't find any
       | articles mentioning if it's already required or if/when it will
       | be
        
         | advanced-DnD wrote:
         | Don't know about EU in general.. but my articles published in
         | Springer is open access with the German initiative DEAL. I
         | don't know if that counts as open access as the German
         | government is the one paying for it.
        
           | johndoe0815 wrote:
           | So the taxpayer - i.e., you (and 82 million other people) -
           | is paying... and your salary was probably already paid by the
           | government if you are working at a university?
           | 
           | I can imagine better ways to spend the money than buying open
           | access right from publishers - though the current German
           | government certainly has found even worse ways to waste
           | money...
        
       | bernardv wrote:
       | Research results and publications ultimately funded by tax-payers
       | should absolutely be freely and openly accessible.
        
       | bborud wrote:
       | pretty rich that Elsevier's director of universal access talks
       | about theft while working in an entirely parasitic business.
        
       | karxxm wrote:
       | I just wrote a paper which got published on Elsevier and my
       | university has to pay 2900EUR now, because I clicked ,,open
       | access"
        
         | chalst wrote:
         | EUR2900 is very high, higher than the Royal Society's open
         | access plan. Which journal is it?
        
           | krull10 wrote:
           | These fees are highly journal and publisher dependent. Check
           | out Nature journals; I believe last I looked Nature
           | Communications was $5500!
        
           | karxxm wrote:
           | I am very sorry, I mixed it up with another paper.. The
           | publisher where the fee came up was Wiley, for the Computer
           | Graphics Forum. It's a super duper golden access.
        
         | eurasiantiger wrote:
         | We need to come up with a way to disrupt this extortion and put
         | these jokers out of the money.
         | 
         | Note that I deliberately avoid calling the publishing racket a
         | business, because these criminals-in-spirit and their empires
         | produce nothing of value: they are lining their pockets by
         | exploiting other people's work, while those being exploited
         | have no choice but to play into the publishers' hand; enabling
         | the publishers' power brokerage further their encroachment on
         | public information by gifting them the most precious fruits of
         | their labor.
        
       | Bostonian wrote:
       | I requested a published paper in statistics from my local public
       | library, and they sent it to me the next business day, I think
       | from the University of Massachusetts library system. So going
       | through a public library may be an alternative to downloading an
       | illicit copy.
        
       | 2Gkashmiri wrote:
       | how long before scihub takes the front seat of publishing papers
       | originally so all you have to do is search and its there. if that
       | model works for everyone and everyone is happy, where does
       | dinosaurs like elsevier stand? i think in the history books
        
       | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
       | The one thing that's obvious to me now from these comments is
       | that the angriest people have the least insight into what
       | publishing is, why it exists, and why the system continues to
       | work the way it does. Nobody ever explains in these comments to
       | these angry people, so HN just becomes a machine that takes in
       | ignorance and churns out outrage.
       | 
       | First off, just because a tax payer paid for research does not
       | mean publishing should be free. That's like saying just because
       | the government pays workers to use pencils, that pencils used by
       | government workers should be free. The company is still doing
       | work, whether it's for a taxpayer or not. It still needs
       | compensation for the cost of doing business.
       | 
       | Secondly, commercial publishers perform a vital role, which is
       | why they still exist. If they didn't serve a necessary role
       | people would have stopped using them. This is obvious, because
       | nobody is holding a gun to anyone's head saying you have to
       | publish your research in X place. But nobody wants to think of
       | _why_ these commercial journals are necessary, because it might
       | be the fault of single other than the publishers, so people
       | intentionally stop thinking to avoid the realization.
       | 
       | The only name of a publisher that anyone here knows is Elsevier,
       | which further demonstrates ignorance. They're not the biggest
       | publisher, they're not the most expensive publisher, and they
       | aren't the only organization that pursues legal challenges when
       | their content is pirated. But since it's the only name anyone on
       | here has ever heard, they treat them like The Great Satan. That
       | image further polarizes and enforces ignorance of publishing.
       | 
       | Payment models vary widely depending on the circumstances and
       | organizations (or individuals). Mostly publishers are trying to
       | find sustainable models to pay for the jobs they perform, which
       | includes hosting, indexing, referencing, editing, proofing, and
       | facilitating peer review, as well as publishing the journals as a
       | whole. If you don't want to pay for any of that, liked over said
       | before, the whole research community would need to do those jobs
       | for free. But even in OSS, companies pay OSS developers to work
       | on code. So _somebody_ has to pay for it. If you 're so outraged
       | at the profits of publishers, then get off your ass and build the
       | replacement. But people just like to complain, not fix things.
        
         | jackhodkinson wrote:
         | I like where you are going with this. What would that business
         | look like?
         | 
         | Would this be a new journal with a different way of making
         | money or some kind of aggregator service?
         | 
         | Seems like an aggregator service would be the most appealing
         | way to access the data for the end user.
         | 
         | I'd say these entrenched journals are being very cautious with
         | an aggregator because the raw text data would be super valuable
         | to companies, so they are probably going to try their hardest
         | to limit usage of the data for individual access and bulk
         | access. That's not to say an aggregator is not going to happen.
        
       | ta988 wrote:
       | Arxiv and allies are good. But many journals still do not allow
       | you to pulish a preprint. So if you send to arxiv or other, they
       | will reject your paper because it is not "new anymore". Seen that
       | recently (chemistry).
        
       | leobg wrote:
       | "View all available purchase options and get full access to this
       | article." LOL
        
       | qsort wrote:
       | Behind a paywall. The irony is delightful.
        
         | azalemeth wrote:
         | Obligatory link: https://sci-
         | hub.st/10.1126/science.352.6285.508
        
         | colonwqbang wrote:
         | _Science_ publishers are tone deaf beyond belief.
        
       | pointbazaar wrote:
       | funny that the article is behind a paywall...
        
       | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
       | Before any reader accepts this article's premise as accurate, I
       | suggest they visit /scimag/recent which is a list of the most
       | recently added (requested) papers. From what I have seen the
       | papers requested/added seem consistently skewed toward certain
       | categories of users, e.g., persons interested in
       | computing/neuroscience/psychology or persons interested in
       | social/political issues. Also, browsing major scientific journals
       | such as Science and Nature through /scimag/journals/[journal-no]
       | reveals large portions of the archives for these publications are
       | missing. It could be that the readership of these journals
       | already has access through university/company sucbscriptions, and
       | that readership has not expanded much into the rest of the
       | population despite being potentially available through Sci-Hub.
        
       | axegon_ wrote:
       | A few takes on this:
       | 
       | * Not that long ago people's sole access to papers was through
       | insanely expensive journals, with prices that are absolutely
       | unthinkable for a large portion of the world's population.
       | 
       | * Arxiv sort of changed that and a lot of information is widely
       | accessible, granted you don't live in a country with high amounts
       | of censorship.
       | 
       | * On the subject of the first point, I'd argue that piracy
       | affects the overall situation very little. People who need those
       | papers for whatever reason and need to use them/cite them will be
       | forced to purchase them regardless. Similar to software, movies
       | and so on.
       | 
       | * On a personal note, I don't recall using anything other than
       | Arxiv for the past 8-9 years or so with the exception of one
       | notable example involving a medical paper which was published in
       | another location and it wasn't free. That said I purchased it,
       | even if it set me back around 250 euros iirc. It wasn't work
       | related in any shape or form, it was for personal reasons but I
       | could afford it and it only seemed fair. Generally I like
       | supporting people's hard work even if I can't benefit hugely from
       | it - I bought several books that the authors published for free
       | online, just to support them. Even one I found here on HN.
        
         | newswasboring wrote:
         | > * On the subject of the first point, I'd argue that piracy
         | affects the overall situation very little. People who need
         | those papers for whatever reason and need to use them/cite them
         | will be forced to purchase them regardless. Similar to
         | software, movies and so on.
         | 
         | Why? I can cite any paper I want in my paper, who checks where
         | and how I read it? People don't even check if I read something
         | at all. Are you implying that it's unethical to cite papers
         | without buying them? Because then you fundamentally disagree
         | with the whole thing. Papers are researched by authors and
         | mostly funded by governments or private grants. These journals
         | are just mooching off the whole thing.
        
         | auggierose wrote:
         | That is like the most clueless comment on that topic ever. You
         | are either trolling or working for one of the publishers ;-)
         | 
         | a) Of course people who need to read the paper professionally
         | will just pirate it (if they don't have access through their
         | institution). After all, citing a paper doesn't imply that you
         | "own" it.
         | 
         | b) None of the authors saw any of your 250 euros.
        
         | thomasahle wrote:
         | > I bought several books that the authors published for free
         | online, just to support them.
         | 
         | You are right to do that. However books are different from
         | papers in that you assume some of the money you pay will go to
         | the actual author.
        
         | tempay wrote:
         | > it was for personal reasons but I could afford it and it only
         | seemed fair. Generally I like supporting people's hard work
         | 
         | FYI authors of published papers don't see any of this money, it
         | all goes to the journal so there isn't really a case to be made
         | for buying papers to support the researchers. Even the peer-
         | review process is unpaid work.
         | 
         | If you contact the authors they're allowed to send you copies
         | for free and most are happy to do so.
        
           | axegon_ wrote:
           | I've never bothered publishing anything, just
           | circumstantially gave a hand several people that have(I don't
           | want my name to pop up in papers for a million and one
           | reasons). I assumed they were since otherwise I saw no
           | logical reason to go for anything other than Arxiv and
           | publish them for free.
        
             | betterunix2 wrote:
             | Universities, especially in Europe, base hiring and tenure
             | decisions in part on _where_ a researcher 's papers are
             | published. A paper published on arxiv has less value to
             | advancing one's career than one published in a journal run
             | by a well-known academic publisher.
             | 
             | This also makes it hard for researchers to organize their
             | own journals, separate from the publishers. Many
             | universities (again, particularly in Europe) use the
             | publishing company as a proxy for the quality of a journal,
             | rather than letting researchers within a field make that
             | determination on their own. Thus researchers are forced to
             | stick with the exploitative publishing companies because
             | universities demand it, despite spending most of their time
             | reading and sharing preprint copies of papers.
        
             | bo1024 wrote:
             | People publish in journals (etc) because of the peer review
             | and reputation. People are much more likely to read, trust,
             | cite a paper that's been through peer review. Also people
             | are more likely to discover the paper by looking in
             | prestigious venues than if it's just in the arxiv flood.
             | For promotion and tenure, papers aren't considered unless
             | they're published and prestigious venues count much more.
        
             | doliveira wrote:
             | Really, you should disclaim your lack of publishing
             | experience in your original comment. You made several
             | claims that are very misleading.
        
         | JadeNB wrote:
         | > Generally I like supporting people's hard work even if I
         | can't benefit hugely from it - I bought several books that the
         | authors published for free online, just to support them. Even
         | one I found here on HN.
         | 
         | I don't know how it works in medicine, but, at least in math, I
         | benefit not at all financially if someone buys one of my
         | papers. (Book purchases earn their authors a pittance.)
         | 
         | I would personally way rather someone download one of my papers
         | from the arXiv than that they pay the journal. Journals are
         | parasitic vestiges currently used only for status signalling,
         | and I can't afford not to play that status game as an author,
         | but I don't want you to have to play it as a reader, too.
         | (tempay (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28423848) made
         | the same point slightly earlier, and brought up the important
         | point that, also, most authors are willing to send you a copy
         | for free if you don't otherwise have access to it.)
        
         | lloda wrote:
         | > People who need those papers for whatever reason and need to
         | use them/cite them will be forced to purchase them regardless
         | 
         | Why?
        
         | betterunix2 wrote:
         | "Generally I like supporting people's hard work"
         | 
         | You did not support anyone's hard work. The researchers who
         | wrote the paper receive none of the money paid to publishing
         | companies, nor do the peer reviewers, and sometimes not even
         | the editors (and in my experience, paid editors from Springer
         | introduce more errors than they fix).
         | 
         | Before the Internet, before TeX and related tools, those fees
         | were needed to cover the cost of printing copies journals and
         | shipping them to libraries. Prior to the 1970s academic
         | publishers were typically run by universities and charged only
         | break-even fees, and few complained because there was no better
         | alternative that could effectively spread academic research
         | around. Then a bunch of commercial publishers began eyeing
         | academic journals (probably because they knew they would never
         | have to pay the authors) and from the 1980s onward academic
         | publishing has been for-profit. Instead of going away when the
         | Internet rendered printed journals obsolete, these companies
         | have instead opted to not print most journals and charge fees
         | for online access.
        
         | ddevault wrote:
         | The cost of journal access does not in any way pay for the
         | research itself, and neither the researchers nor the peer
         | reviewers ever see a dime. It is money which is stolen from
         | science and from the public.
        
         | cblconfederate wrote:
         | > and need to use them/cite them will be forced to purchase
         | them regardless
         | 
         | Not at all, but, they will review a lot more of them before
         | deciding which ones to cite if sci-hub is available. BTW arxiv
         | is for physics math and cs, while the closed access problem is
         | mainly affecting life sciences which don't use arxiv, and are
         | only partially using biorxiv / medrxiv. There's still a very
         | archaic culture there, mainly because there's no other easy way
         | to ascertain some scientists' value.
        
           | krull10 wrote:
           | Keep in mind, in math and other hard sciences it is not
           | uncommon to cite 50 year old papers which are still highly
           | relevant today (which is less common in biology). Such papers
           | are often behind publisher paywalls since they predate arXiv.
           | So closed access is very much a problem in these fields too.
        
             | cblconfederate wrote:
             | indeed. it happens in life sciences too, but it's usually
             | classic historic papers that everybody cites but nobody
             | reads. In fact i have been completely unable to find some
             | of the most cited works of e.g. Ramon y Cajal from the
             | 1900s.
        
         | crote wrote:
         | Who are you supporting, though? The scientists won't see a
         | single euro of that.
         | 
         | To me, the problem is that the balance is heavily skewed
         | towards the publishers. Scientists provide the articles at no
         | cost (or even have to pay to be published!), reviewers do their
         | work for free, and then you have to pay hundreds of euros for a
         | single copy of a single paper?
         | 
         | While I understand that a paper has some overhead costs, the
         | current fees are inexcusable. Scientists are forced to publish
         | in "high-impact" papers so they can't choose another one, and
         | you can't properly do science without reading papers. This
         | gives the publishers a virtual monopoly - and they seem to be
         | quite happy to squeeze every single euro out of it.
         | 
         | It's just rent-seeking, and I believe it goes against the very
         | nature of science itself.
        
         | matheusmoreira wrote:
         | > People who need those papers for whatever reason and need to
         | use them/cite them will be forced to purchase them regardless.
         | 
         | No.
        
         | doliveira wrote:
         | > People who need those papers for whatever reason and need to
         | use them/cite them will be forced to purchase them regardless
         | 
         | What? Will they reject your paper if you don't present a
         | receipt you paid to access it? I published two articles in
         | Physical Review Journals, virtually all papers I cited came
         | from Sci-Hub.
         | 
         | > Generally I like supporting people's hard work even if I
         | can't benefit hugely from it
         | 
         | Scientists won't get a penny of the money you're paying, BTW.
         | It makes no sense to compare it to books.
        
       | beckman466 wrote:
       | Elsevier and other capitalist firms that lock up papers are the
       | real pirates in the first place:
       | 
       |  _" Digital piracy and the digital copying of cultural products
       | for private use is a refusal to pay rent-tribute to knowledge
       | capitalists.
       | 
       | Therefore, piracy is miss-naming of the phenomenon.
       | 
       | The sea pirates take away by force others' properties. The
       | digital "pirates" only use universal commons which have been
       | artificially fenced off. They just remove fences, and by doing so
       | they do not take away knowledge, because, knowledge cannot be
       | taken away. They use something which by its nature belongs to the
       | whole of humanity. The producer of knowledge uses knowledge, as
       | "raw" material, which is part of the general intellect of
       | humanity as a whole and the produced knowledge itself becomes
       | immediately part of this general intellect. Therefore, the
       | fencing of knowledge is, essentially, more similar to the
       | traditional piracy. The knowledge capitalist fences off, with
       | help of the force of law, universal commons that does not
       | exclusively belong to her/him. Therefore, s/he robs commons. To
       | put it bluntly, digital piracy takes back that which has been
       | stolen from the public. Therefore, although illegal, it is
       | morally and ethically justified. The very fact that public ethics
       | and the bourgeois property rights contradict each other on this
       | matter evidences that such rights are superfluous in our era of
       | digital technology.
       | 
       | In this way, the digital piracy and digital counterfeiting is an
       | important economic-social movement of our time. This movement is
       | expressed in various ways including the following.
       | 
       | First millions of individuals around the world, understanding and
       | believing that they are not involved in theft, copy things for
       | individual uses. The historical, cultural and political
       | significance of this practice can hardly be exaggerated. It
       | undermines the moral and ethical legitimacy of the bourgeois
       | intellectual property in the very pours and veins of everyday
       | life. Digital piracy is a major force of the growth of knowledge
       | and culture, on the one hand, and the self-improvement of the
       | individual on the other.
       | 
       | Second, "pirate" activists illegally copy fenced off knowledge
       | and make it available for a global public on the net. A good
       | example was Gigapedia digital library on the net, which was
       | created by activists who scanned books.
       | 
       | These activists are either from poorer countries or classes or
       | our era's Robin Hoods from privileged countries and classes.
       | Aaron Swartz was one such Robin Hood. The very massive and online
       | and off line protests against SOPA in the USA and ACTA (Anti-
       | Counterfeiting Trade Agreement ) in the European Union, and their
       | temporary success, are evidence of the moral legitimacy of
       | digital piracy and digital counterfeiting."_
       | 
       | Source: professor Jakob Rigi,
       | https://triple-c.at/index.php/tripleC/article/view/487/1146
        
         | matheusmoreira wrote:
         | The way they compare this literal non-crime to high seas piracy
         | pisses me off to no end. I hate how entrenched this word is.
         | Can't even talk about this stuff without inadvertently
         | reinforcing the propaganda of the copyright monopolists. They
         | did the same thing with the word theft.
        
         | hirako2000 wrote:
         | Beautiful. I like the mention of the economic classes at play
         | there. It is convenient for those who can afford all the
         | knowledge they can swallow to find it illegitimate for those
         | who can't afford any quality bites, to get their hands on some.
        
       | jakecopp wrote:
       | > Get full access to this article
       | 
       | > View all available purchase options and get full access to this
       | article.
       | 
       | The irony!! I can't access this link!
        
         | josh_fyi wrote:
         | Just $30 to view it!
        
           | matheusmoreira wrote:
           | 24 hours only, then you gotta purchase access again!
        
         | II2II wrote:
         | Can anyone tell me where I can download a copy? /s
         | 
         | More seriously though, my first attempt to request an article
         | for a journal resulted in an article similar to this being
         | delivered. The subject matter was different, but it was better
         | described as an editorial than research. Even though editorials
         | have nearly zero value for academic research, the page fees
         | were identical to research papers. The lack of clarity about
         | what was being delivered was frustrating. The necessity
         | research the articles themselves, prior to purchasing one,
         | simply adds to the cost (e.g. through labour).
        
         | unbad505 wrote:
         | https://sci-hub.se/10.1126/science.352.6285.508
        
       | matheusmoreira wrote:
       | Why would anyone _not_ do this? Do people enjoy enriching
       | copyright monopolists by paying hundreds of dollars for 24h
       | access to one paper that may or may not have dubious methodology?
       | That 's fucking stupid and these paid journals can't go bankrupt
       | soon enough.
        
         | AmIDev wrote:
         | My employer pays for papers we need on a per-paper basis, and
         | recently got subscription for one of the publishers as that was
         | cheaper. They simply want to avoid lawsuits.
         | 
         | I'm sure that outside of workplace, every employee uses sci-
         | hub.
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | If you talk with non-scientists, you'll realize that most
         | people are happy to pay the fees as they don't really
         | understand how things work in the background. While they think
         | they are supporting science by paying the fees, the reality is
         | that everyone is paying the publisher and the publisher takes
         | all the fees to themselves.
         | 
         | But when you mention this to non-scientists, they'll gasp in
         | non-belief.
        
           | bo1024 wrote:
           | The top comment on this HN submission at the moment has this
           | misunderstanding.
        
           | GuB-42 wrote:
           | Just curious, who are these non-scientists who will pay for
           | scientific papers? Journalists?
           | 
           | I can't imagine people whose work do not depend on these
           | papers pay the exorbitant fees. And those who need scientific
           | papers for work are generally the ones we call scientists.
        
             | ta988 wrote:
             | People with a disease and searching for informations about
             | it. You can't imagine how many patients I've heard payed
             | for those articles. And $30-$60 is a lot for just ten
             | pages...
        
               | matheusmoreira wrote:
               | I never considered that. These monopolists will exploit
               | even sick people. It's disgusting.
        
               | sircastor wrote:
               | I agree with you. I think the monopolists would respond
               | that this is research that should be done by the doctor,
               | not the patient. Patients doing their own research can be
               | dangerous.
        
               | ta988 wrote:
               | Yes and if my wife didn't bring articles and did her own
               | research to her doctors she would likely be dead by
               | now... Patients bringing info to doctors is extremely
               | common. It also mean that doctors have to deal with a lot
               | of BS unfortunately.
        
             | sircastor wrote:
             | I'm an amateur electrical engineer and I've taken time to
             | read research papers about robotics and electronics. I
             | learn all kinds of stuff.
             | 
             | I think there's a problem in the world (at least in
             | engineering) where research is being done two or more times
             | because of lack of information dissemination. Once by the
             | university researcher, once by the corporate researcher,
             | and many times by the layman who is moving through
             | conclusions on his own work.
        
             | matheusmoreira wrote:
             | Doctors came to mind. They depend on scientific evidence
             | for their practice but most do not publish scientific
             | articles.
        
             | AlbertCory wrote:
             | > "who are these non-scientists who will pay for scientific
             | papers? Journalists?"
             | 
             | Patent researchers. I was one. Except I _never_ paid a fee
             | just to look at a paper, purely because I don 't know if
             | it's any good until I read it, and there are HUNDREDS of
             | papers I have to skim. You can always find it or something
             | very similar for free.
             | 
             | Once we know it's an important paper, then our outside law
             | firm would pay the fee, and it would disappear in their
             | monthly bill.
        
           | matheusmoreira wrote:
           | > But when you mention this to non-scientists, they'll gasp
           | in non-belief.
           | 
           | They gasp in pure joy.
           | 
           | Back in school I had a professor who _paid out of his own
           | pocket_ for access to one particular journal in order to
           | bring scientific articles to class. Our library didn 't have
           | access to this journal. I was disgusted by how these journals
           | were exploiting him. I looked for a way to fix that and
           | discovered Sci-Hub for the first time. He was overjoyed when
           | I showed him that. Our classes became better, richer. He
           | could finally bring whatever material he felt was important.
           | 
           | The damage these copyright monopolists cause cannot be
           | quantified.
           | 
           | There's also the usability. When I told my classmates about
           | Sci-Hub, they were also very happy because they no longer had
           | to go through our library in order to access scientific
           | articles. They can just download whatever they want. This is
           | how things should be.
        
         | kleiba wrote:
         | I work as a scientist, and I never download pirated papers.
         | Why? Mostly because I don't have to - almost all relevant
         | papers are accessible to me straight up, either because the
         | authors / publishers have made the paper available for free
         | themselves or because I have access to the publication through
         | my university's library.
         | 
         | But I am in Computer Science - I know that the situation is not
         | at all the same in other disciplines.
         | 
         | I think if you want to be cited, it is kind of silly to publish
         | at a venue where your paper is not immediately accessible -
         | there's usually enough other papers to cite, so it's in your
         | own interest to be available.
         | 
         | That said, regarding the original question ("why would anyone
         | not do this"), I know from previous discussions here on HN that
         | I'm part of a small minority, but I wouldn't do it because I
         | find it unethical. There's lots of things that I wouldn't mind
         | having / owning but I cannot afford them. Just because they
         | might be available through non-official channels for free does
         | not mean that using that option is the right thing to do.
         | 
         | In this line of thought, I also think it is irrelevant whether
         | putting publicly funded research results behind a paywall is
         | ethical on the publisher's side: two unethical acts don't make
         | an ethical one.
        
           | matheusmoreira wrote:
           | > I find it unethical
           | 
           | Why do you think that? I cannot imagine anyone losing one
           | second of sleep over it.
           | 
           | In this case, they can't even argue we're depriving creators
           | of revenue they're owed. The only point of journals is peer
           | review. Experts in the field that filter out the bad articles
           | and publish the good ones. Peer review is the only thing that
           | separates these glorified journals from a random website.
           | Those experts don't see any of this money due to concerns
           | over conflicts of interest. These reviewers could get
           | together and create a blog and it would be better than these
           | journals.
           | 
           | The way I see it, these journals have literally no reason to
           | exist. It's unethical to pay them even a single cent for
           | access to anything. The ethical and moral thing to do is to
           | hasten their demise. It is our duty to society.
        
             | kleiba wrote:
             | All of that is true, but it is also irrelevant.
             | 
             | It does not matter what could be, we're talking about what
             | _is_. And that is that someone is offering you access to
             | this paper under some conditions (to which the authors and
             | peer reviewers agreed). You can decide for yourself whether
             | you 'd like to accept these conditions or not.
             | 
             | But if the answer is "no", I cannot see how that justifies
             | you getting a copy without paying. Where else in life is
             | that a valid option? "I'd love to have a snickers bar, but
             | I don't want to pay a dollar for it, so I guess I just take
             | it." Obviously, there are differences between that example
             | and sci-hub but for the core of the issue, these
             | differences are negligible in my opinion.
        
               | epidemian wrote:
               | > But if the answer is "no", I cannot see how that
               | justifies you getting a copy without paying. Where else
               | in life is that a valid option? "I'd love to have a
               | snickers bar, but I don't want to pay a dollar for it, so
               | I guess I just take it." Obviously, there are differences
               | between that example and sci-hub but for the core of the
               | issue, these differences are negligible in my opinion.
               | 
               | I think the differences are definitely not negligible.
               | There are similarities on the surface, yes, but one can
               | distinguish between the two cases by asking "would it be
               | OK if everyone did this?"
               | 
               | Basically Kant's categorical imperative:
               | 
               | > Act only according to that maxim whereby you can, at
               | the same time, will that it should become a universal law
               | 
               | In the case of stealing snickers, we can imagine that if
               | everyone did so, then making or selling snickers would no
               | longer be a profitable business, so in the end snickers
               | would no longer be produced, and we would all be worse
               | for it :(
               | 
               | On the other hand, if everyone were to pirate scientific
               | papers, no economic harm would come to the scientists
               | doing the research for those papers. Only the journals
               | would risk going out of business if they don't adapt, and
               | that would be (or could be; i'm not entirely sure) a good
               | outcome, as it would incentivize a more open approach to
               | science distribution and access :)
               | 
               | So, one can conclude that, despite the surface
               | similarities, stealing snickers is morally wrong, while
               | pirating scientific papers is not.
        
               | kleiba wrote:
               | Like I said, I'm aware of the differences.
               | 
               | Interestingly, though, no-one who answered to my point
               | has yet commented on the similarities. To me, no-one has
               | yet made a convincing argument to justify why offering
               | for free what others have the right to monetize should be
               | considered okay.
        
               | epidemian wrote:
               | > why offering for free what others have the right to
               | monetize should be considered okay.
               | 
               | Because having the possibility to monetize something
               | doesn't make it inherently right to do so. People have
               | monetized things that we would now consider abhorrent to
               | do, like human lives in the form of slaves, wives as
               | property, and countless examples of human rights
               | violations.
               | 
               | Heck, even today in many places of the world people
               | monetize access to education or health care for example,
               | prohibiting some people from accessing things that are
               | considered basic human rights. That they have a "right"
               | to monetize it doesn't make it okay to do so.
               | 
               | I guess the underlying questions here is: should we
               | consider access to scientific publications a right that
               | anyone should be able to exercise? I personally think
               | that yes, freedom of information is a laudable goal, and
               | is definitely worth the inconvenience of losing some
               | antiquated journals.
               | 
               | If you don't agree, what do you think would be the issue
               | with having universal access to scientific papers?
        
               | matheusmoreira wrote:
               | We're not morally obligated to accept the status quo just
               | because things always worked this way. Just because some
               | entrenched monopolists that provide negative value to
               | society managed to find a comfortable rent seeking
               | position, we're morally obligated to pay tribute? Hell
               | no. It boggles my mind that anyone could look at this and
               | accept it.
               | 
               | > Where else in life is that a valid option? "I'd love to
               | have a snickers bar, but I don't want to pay a dollar for
               | it, so I guess I just take it."
               | 
               | Don't compare physical things to artificially scarce
               | data. They are not the same. Physical things can't be
               | copied infinitely and distributed worldwide at negligible
               | costs.
               | 
               | With data, there is no economy. Economies arise when
               | things are scarce. Data isn't. There is nothing to
               | economize.
               | 
               | > Obviously, there are differences between that example
               | and sci-hub but for the core of the issue, these
               | differences are negligible in my opinion.
               | 
               | These differences are not negligible. Quite the opposite,
               | they are key. The fact is once created data is worth
               | nothing. It's infinitely abundant. Scientists and peer
               | reviewers are the truly scarce resources here and they
               | don't depend on journals to exist.
               | 
               | These monopolists try to make scientific articles
               | artificially scarce but unlike the entertainment industry
               | they don't actually provide any value whatsoever. They're
               | just a brand name.
        
               | kleiba wrote:
               | Your first paragraph is a nice example for a strawman
               | argument: where have I claimed that we have to "pay
               | tribute" or that I'm in favor of the status quo?
               | 
               | About copying vs. physical things - that's one of the
               | aspects I had in mind when I wrote that I'm aware of the
               | differences between that example and the scihub
               | situation, but that I also think that they are not at the
               | heart of the issue. Hence I don't subscribe to your
               | argument against that.
               | 
               | Nor do I to your last sentence. Where's the scarcity?
        
               | crazy_horse wrote:
               | You are not the only academic that feels this way.
        
               | OvidNaso wrote:
               | This is the "you were born a slave, and maybe slavery is
               | unethical, but for you thats the way it is, therefore
               | it's unethical for you not to do anything but serve the
               | master".
               | 
               | I guess thats something of a stance.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | retrac wrote:
               | > Where else in life is that a valid option? "I'd love to
               | have a snickers bar, but I don't want to pay a dollar for
               | it, so I guess I just take it."
               | 
               | If you were starving, and society was so misallocated in
               | its resources that Snickers bars were in profound
               | abundance, and political activism wasn't getting you
               | anywhere, I would say you actually have every right,
               | morally speaking, to take that Snickers bar.
               | 
               | But the other commenter is right. Comparing physical
               | objects to duplicating intangible information is
               | extremely misleading. If you take that Snickers bar,
               | someone else can't eat it. That doesn't apply to
               | duplication.
        
               | kleiba wrote:
               | I anticipated that argument, it's what I meant when I
               | wrote that I think there are difference but they are
               | neglibile: whereever a Snickers bar is sold, there's
               | usually more than one and taking one of them rarely
               | impacts someone else who wants one (because there are
               | usually plenty of others).
        
               | commoner wrote:
               | Exactly! When you download a copy of an article, there's
               | an infinite number of copies available, and taking one of
               | those copies almost never impacts someone else who wants
               | one.
               | 
               | Many Sci-Hub users believe it is ethical to download
               | copies of journal articles there, because they find the
               | consequences of not paying for the article to be more
               | beneficial to society than the consequences of paying:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consequentialism
               | 
               | In their view, closed access journal publishers are
               | stifling academic discourse with extortionate fees
               | (especially considering that they do not financially
               | compensate the authors and reviewers), which means it
               | would be most ethical to limit the closed access journal
               | publishers' revenue in order to reduce their power and
               | importance, and disrupt their business model to pave the
               | way for open access journals. Not paying publishers for
               | copies of articles is how Sci-Hub users help achieve
               | this.
        
           | OrvalWintermute wrote:
           | > In this line of thought, I also think it is irrelevant
           | whether putting publicly funded research results behind a
           | paywall is ethical on the publisher's side: two unethical
           | acts don't make an ethical one.
           | 
           | I think taking public money, and using it specifically to
           | enrich a private company, and not providing value back to the
           | public who paid for both sides of the transaction is actually
           | unethical. Moreso, I think there is regulatory capture going
           | on, and manipulation of our political leaders through
           | strategic donations [1]
           | 
           | If, by opposing an unjust system, you are doing something
           | that may be in name "illegal or contrary" to the law, but
           | morally that is sterling, then you are in the right.
           | 
           | By your same argument, you could claim that doing any member
           | of the Underground Railroad that helped blacks escape from an
           | unjust, oppressive system was also doing something unethical.
           | Despite the legal definitions of property at the time. Do you
           | see where this argument heads?
           | 
           | [1] https://www.theguardian.com/science/political-
           | science/2018/j...
        
             | a1369209993 wrote:
             | If a law is unjust, a man is not only right to disobey it,
             | he is obligated to do so. - Thomas Jefferson
        
           | ipaddr wrote:
           | I find it unethical to pay these journals. You are enabling a
           | system that doesn't reward the creator only the middleman.
           | When the author gives you a copy you have to wonder who are
           | you supporting?
        
             | kleiba wrote:
             | You don't have to pay the journals.
             | 
             | My point is that it is always your choice, but to me, the
             | ethical choice is not between paying for the journal or
             | getting the paper off scihub. It is between paying the
             | journal or not getting access to the paper.
        
               | bordercases wrote:
               | The money you were paying the journal could be donated to
               | the lab, if it was a matter of keeping a clear
               | conscience. At that point no one loses except the rent
               | extractor.
        
           | Ar-Curunir wrote:
           | It is unethical to paywall knowledge, especially when the
           | ones doing the paywalling have done _absolutely nothing_ to
           | actually help in the discovery of that knowledge.
           | 
           | FWIW, I am an academic computer scientist too, have published
           | in top-tier venues, and fully support pirating papers.
        
           | Retr0spectrum wrote:
           | I used to have access to papers via my university, but I
           | never used that access. The UX of scihub is infinitely
           | better. Anything else just added unnecessary friction to my
           | research process.
        
             | kleiba wrote:
             | That must be quite the convoluted interface at your
             | university then - at my university, access is given
             | automatically based on my being part of the university
             | network. It is absolutely transparent, I only notice when
             | I'm at home and forgot the turn on the VPN to be part of
             | the university network.
        
               | matthewdgreen wrote:
               | Many of us spent a good chunk of the past 18 months
               | outside of our University network. Sci-Hub turns out to
               | be faster than the University VPN.
        
               | kleiba wrote:
               | So "it' faster" is the argument? Please.
        
               | matthewdgreen wrote:
               | Yes. It's faster. I'm a scientist who authors papers and
               | needs to read an enormous number of them. My ability to
               | easily search and access dozens of papers per day is what
               | makes my job possible. The purpose of the scientific
               | publishing industry is to support that activity and the
               | general dissemination of knowledge. The fact that a
               | random website in Eastern Europe is able to simplify that
               | task is a good thing, and reflects negatively on the
               | existing publishing industry. (As the author of some of
               | those papers publishers are charging to access, I can
               | assure you that the scientists involved don't mind that
               | people are bypassing journals and their terrible web UX
               | in order to read and cite scientific work.) The fact that
               | my University already pays for all these journals and
               | _it's still_ more efficient to access them via Sci-Hub
               | only makes the publishing industry look worse, since it
               | means they're not accomplishing their core purpose, the
               | one that's supposed to justify their continued existence
               | in this world.
        
             | maleldil wrote:
             | How so? Did you have to go through your uni library website
             | to search the paper? I usually find the paper through
             | Google Scholar, log in to the website using my uni account
             | and download the PDF from there directly.
             | 
             | I love SciHub. I used it a lot when I was in a small
             | college that did not have that type of access, but after I
             | moved, I never used it again.
        
         | cmg111 wrote:
         | I'd still be afraid of PDF exploits when downloading papers
         | from Belarus, where the government apparently tolerates the
         | operation.
         | 
         | Many scientists are juicy targets.
        
           | White_Wolf wrote:
           | The same would apply to any country with a surveilance
           | program.
        
           | NavinF wrote:
           | PDF parsing and rendering has been sandboxed for over a
           | decade: https://chrome.googleblog.com/2010/11/pdf-goodness-
           | in-chrome...
           | 
           | The idea of depending on your government to protect you from
           | exploits is insane. Anyone in the world can upload a shady
           | PDF to a website hosted in any country and suffer zero
           | consequences.
        
             | flayy wrote:
             | Using Chrome in the pursuit of privacy is a joke, right?
             | 
             | Regarding PDF specifically:
             | 
             | https://www.zdnet.com/article/google-chrome-zero-day-used-
             | in...
             | 
             | https://windowsreport.com/google-chrome-pdf-security-bug/
             | 
             | Who said anything about "depending on the government" or
             | uploading PDFs? This subthread is about downloading from
             | Elsevier directly vs. downloading from SciHub.
        
               | joshuaissac wrote:
               | > This subthread is about downloading from Elsevier
               | directly vs. downloading from SciHub.
               | 
               | The reply was to a comment about downloading from Belarus
               | "where the government apparently tolerates the operation"
               | "of PDF exploits" according to the commenter.
        
               | Saris wrote:
               | To be fair security and privacy can be different things.
        
       | dt3ft wrote:
       | Ironic, to read this article, you have to pay.
        
       | pacman2 wrote:
       | Link to the complete article: https://sci-
       | hub.se/10.1126/science.352.6285.508
        
       | n3k5 wrote:
       | Those 2015/2016 numbers are tiny! I guess a lot of that is no
       | longer representative; e.g. Iran having more downloads than
       | China.
       | 
       | Wikipedia has more up-to-date stats about total download numbers:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sci-Hub#Usage_and_content_stat...
        
       | ofou wrote:
       | Even this article is paywalled. What a shame!
       | 
       | Thank god we have SciHub.
       | 
       | https://sci-hub.st/10.1126/science.352.6285.508
        
       | zucker42 wrote:
       | Anyone find it ironic that this article is apparently under a
       | paywall? Does anyone have a scihub link?
        
       | TrinaryWorksToo wrote:
       | The irony of needing to use sci-hub to read an article about sci-
       | hub.
        
       | yummypaint wrote:
       | A finer point often missed on HN is how different publishing is
       | across fields. In physics i have always been able post preprints
       | to the web/arXiv and leave them up indefinitely. Their scientific
       | content is identical to the journal formatted version and they
       | show up in search often before the paid version. This is true
       | even for the historically worst offenders (i.e. Elsevier)
       | 
       | Last I heard the situation in chemistry was still completely
       | different. The ACS is also known for bullying cash strapped
       | college libraries into exorbitant and unnecessary journal
       | subscriptions.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | cozzyd wrote:
         | I had dinner with the arXiv creator once
         | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ginsparg). What I
         | understood is is that before the arXiv, all "good" universities
         | would each mail each other copies of preprints, and so
         | researchers there would have access to the newest research
         | developments. Eventually, they'd get published, but that takes
         | a while, so anybody not in this circle would be far behind and
         | have a hard time being relevant in his field (theoretical
         | particle physics).
         | 
         | So the arXiv was a more modern, scalable, democratic
         | replacement of what was already popular within the culture of
         | the field.
        
         | azalemeth wrote:
         | I'm a medical physicist. I have articles on arxiv, and articles
         | in clinical journals like Circulation (which have a huge impact
         | factor, are required to get the techniques "out there" and
         | demonstrate their value, but basically necessitate putting all
         | the detail and maths in the SI, if not in a separate paper).
         | 
         | Your statement is very, _very_ true. Physics and maths are
         | ahead of the curve, and in astronomy in particular they hammer
         | papers out at a rate of knots where the arxiv is what matters.
         | Biology, biomedicine, and chemistry are totally different.
         | Everyone uses Word (which I hate) and everyone's formatting
         | looks like shit as a result. The concept that you could have
         | "camera ready copy" is alien. Moreover than that, stuff like a
         | data supplement increasingly _needs_ to be hosted by someone
         | else the further down that train you go. You or I would be
         | happy slapping something up on a static University-run website
         | or linking to it; that gets harder the less technical you get.
         | Moreover, the culture is far less collaborative (in my
         | experience) with a lot more competition. The thing I loved
         | about particle physics was that _everyone_ helps.
         | Mathematicians give talks thanking others honestly for their
         | contributions, and name-dropping people who helped in odd ways.
         | That 's very alien to the "We ran this clinical trial" talk I
         | hear a lot of in my world.
         | 
         | Heck, there are multiple groups "competing" in my field on
         | diseases like prostate cancer, which sometimes makes the
         | "losing" group unable to publish their results in a "good
         | enough" journal, and it's not easy to coordinate or organise --
         | the funding bodies encourage competition. Physicists tend to
         | take the attitude that "there is only one universe to study"
         | and collaborate sensibly; sure, Fermilab and CERN are nominally
         | in competition, say (or ATLAS and the CMS, say) but their
         | competition is more about _validation_ and they explicitly pool
         | resources and ideas such that this is the case. I did my
         | masters ' in particle physics and am acknowledged in a textbook
         | chapter I wrote with my then-professor -- take it from me, it's
         | friendly. (I ultimately moved to biology because I felt I was
         | too stupid to progress far in particle, and the medical
         | problems were -- to me -- far easier to solve, or at least make
         | progress on. Doing maths and building things in a hospital is
         | much more of a "USP" than doing maths and building things in a
         | particle physics lab, though I do still love it a lot).
         | 
         | The net result is that publication practices are _cultural_
         | more than anything, and frankly in my experience only really
         | the mathematicians and physicists have enough freedom and balls
         | to do their own thing. I wish the other fields would follow
         | suit, but there are a _lot_ of vested interests trying to
         | prevent that.
        
           | beowulfey wrote:
           | I agree; I get the impression that physics and math still do
           | things in The Old Way of science; if we still communicated
           | that way, modern physicists would be writing letters to each
           | other critiquing work and offering advice. Somehow the life
           | sciences became stuck in the "publish or perish" mentality.
           | 
           | Just out of curiosity, you mention everyone uses Word in the
           | life sciences--what is used in physics? LaTeX? I also have to
           | use Word, and hate it.
        
             | gmueckl wrote:
             | Not the OP, but in my experience, when you are doing math,
             | physics or CS and don't use LaTeX, you'll be looked at
             | sideways. There is virtually no alternative when it comes
             | to typesetting advanced maths.
        
               | PartiallyTyped wrote:
               | I have friends who used MS Word to write their thesis in
               | CS undergrad.
               | 
               | Surprisingly it is possible to write math in a LaTeX-like
               | fashion and they show up quite well. I have had more
               | trouble aligning things with Word than with LaTeX so I
               | kinda looked at them sideways.
        
               | wizzwizz4 wrote:
               | MathML / very neat handwritten formulae are decent
               | alternatives.
        
               | madars wrote:
               | Yep. "The authors don't use TeX" is also sign #1 on Scott
               | Aaronson's "Ten Signs a Claimed Mathematical Breakthrough
               | is Wrong" https://www.scottaaronson.com/blog/?p=304
               | 
               | > This simple test (suggested by Dave Bacon) already
               | catches at least 60% of wrong mathematical breakthroughs.
               | David Deutsch and Lov Grover are among the only known
               | false positives.
        
               | refactor_master wrote:
               | Without precision, recall and a proper problem
               | formulation,"60%" is pretty bad, if not outright
               | meaningless.
        
             | cozzyd wrote:
             | Perhaps unfairly, it's hard to take physics papers not
             | written in LaTeX seriously. At least within particle
             | physics and astrophysics/cosmology... I don't really read
             | papers from other fields.
             | 
             | Note that, arXiv makes you post LaTeX sources if it detects
             | that it's a LaTeX document, and not everyone remembers to
             | redact perhaps not meant to be public comments :).
        
             | dieortin wrote:
             | Yes, LaTeX is what's most widely used in physics.
        
           | cycomanic wrote:
           | I would add that even within physics there are massive
           | differences, which also shows up in how grants are written.
           | While the fundamental physics areas (like particle and
           | astronomy) do publish a lot on arxiv etc. In the more applied
           | areas it can often be quite different (which also applies to
           | the use of word unfortunately). The metrics you use for your
           | grant applications are also very different, the more applied
           | areas often have to show impact through patents, spin offs
           | etc., while this is less so in the fundamental sciences.
           | 
           | The use of arxiv etc is slowly making its way into the more
           | applied areas, so things are moving to become more open. On
           | the other hand in quantum we are currently seeing the
           | opposite trend, so much research is now within startups who
           | are absolute flush with money, but typically don't have a
           | path to commercialisation. So they do research, but only very
           | little of that research gets published anywhere, so the
           | scientific process is becoming much less open.
        
           | selestify wrote:
           | Why do the different disciplines have such different
           | cultures?
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | The Web itself got started at CERN, not in a zoology or
             | animal testing lab. It takes a lot of time for successful
             | innovations to diffuse throughout a broad, worldwide
             | subculture. Just do the math.
        
             | myWindoonn wrote:
             | You just said it. Scientific fields are not differentiated
             | arbitrarily; they drift apart as their experimental needs
             | diverge. Chemistry and particle physics used to be one
             | field, back before the cost of particle accelerators
             | diverged from the cost of chemistry labs.
        
               | selestify wrote:
               | Right -- so how do the different experimental needs of
               | each field inform their different cultures?
        
               | robbedpeter wrote:
               | Return on investment pays a role. The higher the profit
               | margin, the more competitive and "locked down" the field
               | is. But things like national prestige and space race type
               | international politics comes into play. Very rarely is
               | lots of money spent on pure science - there's almost
               | always a catch.
        
             | mynameismon wrote:
             | I would wager the nature of work. It might be because maths
             | and CS involve more work that doesn't require fancy
             | equipment, there is lesser involvement of financial risk as
             | compared to fields like biology or chemistry, where
             | equipment is so expensive.
        
             | ectopod wrote:
             | I would guess money plays a part. The commercial prospects
             | for discovering a new fundamental particle and discovering
             | a cure for prostate cancer are quite different.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | Well, it depends. Is the cure for mice, or actual humans.
        
           | krull10 wrote:
           | Most of my biology collaborators have switched in the past 5
           | years to putting all their new submissions on biorxiv. It
           | seems like medrxiv is now getting popular since COVID started
           | too. But, as in math and physics, I guess a big problem is
           | articles that predate this change are still paywalled in many
           | cases.
        
           | hmwhy wrote:
           | I think there is a lot to learn from what you said, but I
           | just want to remind everyone else reading your comment that
           | it is anecdotal.
           | 
           | I have experience with both research in physics and chemistry
           | in multidisciplinary teams, and my experience is the exact
           | opposite to yours in terms of competition and the willingness
           | to help others. Heck, the last time I released some results
           | on arXiv a group that is notoriously unfriendly suddenly
           | reached out and was all friendly. It turns out that after
           | discussing with us about our results they released a half-
           | finished draft on something similar that they have been
           | working on, and presumably tried to stay ahead/dilute the
           | significance of our results by getting it published in a
           | peer-reviewed journal first. Also, during the time we were
           | doing our work, nobody responded when we were asking if we
           | could access data or algorithms. I don't blame anyone and
           | we're definitely not entitled to anyone's help, but that's
           | just a counter example and obviously depends on how well you
           | know the field, everyone else in the field, reputation, etc.
           | 
           | I personally enjoyed using LaTeX for writing manuscripts for
           | physics-oriented topics, but I don't mind Word for chemistry
           | manuscripts. In fact, I would argue that writing chemistry
           | manuscripts in LaTeX sucks for most chemists (maybe except
           | for theoretical and some physical chemists) simply because
           | editing chemical structures, reactions, equipment setup and
           | process diagrams is _easy_ with an embedded chemical editor
           | object in a Word document.
           | 
           | I'm not familiar with how they work internally at publishers
           | when getting manuscripts ready for publishing, but most
           | journals require you to use a Word template with ready-to-use
           | style rules and adhere to certain easy-to-follow formatting
           | rules for everything else. Remembering my early days of using
           | LaTeX (when I was already familiar with using Word for
           | manuscripts), I could say the same about how cumbersome it is
           | to do certain things in LaTeX without even talking about
           | chemical structures. Particularly when it comes to journals
           | that charge subscription fees, I'm not sure why you seem to
           | suggest that it's on the authors to get the manuscript
           | "camera ready". If nothing else, I have seen just as many
           | crap-looking papers formatted with LaTeX than those with
           | Word, and the same can be said about good-looking papers.
           | So... I guess it just depends on the authors themselves
           | and/or the editors.
           | 
           | For much the same reasons as what I have said about
           | competition, I think your last comment is just as biased
           | against your own experience than everything else in my
           | opinion.
        
           | xyzzyz wrote:
           | > Moreover, the culture is far less collaborative (in my
           | experience) with a lot more competition. The thing I loved
           | about particle physics was that everyone helps.
           | Mathematicians give talks thanking others honestly for their
           | contributions, and name-dropping people who helped in odd
           | ways. That's very alien to the "We ran this clinical trial"
           | talk I hear a lot of in my world.
           | 
           | That's probably because physicists and mathematicians have
           | less to lose by openly talking about their results and
           | methods, while in bio research, there is a lot of proprietary
           | secrets about lab techniques and hard-earned experiment data,
           | which many researchers see as competitive advantage they
           | justly reap in exchange for the labor they put into obtaining
           | it.
        
           | NmAmDa wrote:
           | I am a particle physicist and would like to say that Fermilab
           | (where I'm working on one of the experiments there) and CERN
           | don't compete. One of the best examples is the construction
           | of DUNE which is a new experiment which will be the largest
           | neutrino experiment so far is done between CERN and fermilab
           | closely. The prototype is even there. Fermilab main focus is
           | different a little bit from CERN. Also Fermilab is part of
           | every CERN collaboration (except maybe small experiments here
           | or there). Usually in particle physic we tend to confirm
           | results with different experiments and sometimes different
           | techniques and because of the nature of statistics and
           | probabilities involved, this always encouraged collaboration
           | and people trying to help each other. I understand that this
           | is completely different from the competition in other fields.
        
             | azalemeth wrote:
             | Exactly -- and that's the point I was trying to make about
             | competition. Fermilab arguably is CERN's biggest
             | "competitor" and it's entirely complementary - e.g. look at
             | the work done with LEP and Tevatron. In contrast, I've had
             | other academics politely ask me not to present my work at a
             | particular conference because so-and-so might be there and
             | that might mean that they'd see it and _their_ paper on
             | x+[?]x might come out before _our_ paper on x-[?]x, and
             | that would make it harder to get into a particular journal,
             | etc --- and I didn 't. It's pretty stupid really. I wish
             | we'd pool resources sensibly, and divide the big ideas
             | ahead of time.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | kongolongo wrote:
         | What do you think of fields like medicine or biology where
         | preprints can become a source of misinformation. For example a
         | lot of conspiracy around unproven treatments for covid, vaccine
         | efficacy, and vaccine safety directly source preprints that
         | never make it to publication.
        
         | raattgift wrote:
         | > In physics i have always been able to post [to] arXiv
         | 
         | I'm fairly sure Sci-Hub (and book scanners like CZUR's) made
         | DOI useful, even (and perhaps especially) for working and
         | teaching physicists at large research universities with
         | excellent librarians.
         | 
         | Sometimes in the moment one wants to read something
         | sufficiently old or inconveniently rare cited in an arxiv
         | preprint or in one of its easy-to-click references. Or if one
         | is Reviewer Number 3 or that person's victim.
        
       | wdb wrote:
       | I still think if the research is paid or subsidised by tax payers
       | money it should be freely accessible. Maybe EU should do
       | something good and make it part of the rules. All wishful
       | thinking of course
        
         | Cenk wrote:
         | That is exactly what the EU is attempting to do:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_S
        
         | andyferris wrote:
         | The one thing that makes me wonder how nations would behave
         | here is government-funded information generally is only
         | available for free in the host country. BBC content is only
         | free in Britain. ABC content is only free in Australia. Is e.g.
         | NPR content gratis outside the US? Similarly, should NSF-backed
         | research be freely available to the USA or the world?
         | 
         | (I'm in favour of the world for both science and the BBC-style
         | content, for similar reasons really - it's generally useful for
         | humanity and it seems spiteful to charge some groups when you
         | produced it with the purpose of giving it away for free in the
         | first place).
        
         | betterunix2 wrote:
         | I doubt the EU will take the lead on such a thing; the EU has a
         | lot less tolerance for new technologies upending traditional
         | institutions than the US. European universities basically
         | require professors to publish in journals owned by a handful of
         | publishing companies, which has served to cement the power of
         | those publishers (American universities tend to be a little
         | more open minded about new publishing models in my experience).
         | I have heard European researchers complain that people were
         | citing the arxiv version of their papers rather than the
         | "official" version -- it made it harder for them to advance
         | their careers.
        
         | acomjean wrote:
         | Our papers (US NIH funded) are required to be free and publicly
         | available.
         | 
         | Of course publishers have wised up to this and now charge us
         | money to publish. But at least anyone who finds the papers on
         | pubmed can read them.
         | 
         | Pubmed also tags and indexes the articles so searching is
         | easier.
         | 
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/about/intro/
        
           | ta988 wrote:
           | Only after one year.
        
           | bernardv wrote:
           | Why are commercial publishers even necessary anymore? They
           | are obsolete.
        
         | AmIDev wrote:
         | India decided to require all publicly funded research to make
         | research papers and data open access[0]
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://dst.gov.in/sites/default/files/STIP_Doc_1.4_Dec2020....
        
       | jrochkind1 wrote:
       | This is a paywalled copy itself, the PDF literally only has the
       | first page.
       | 
       | You can, of course, get the rest from sci-hub.
       | 
       | Is this intended irony?
       | 
       | 10.1126/science.352.6285.508
        
       | sflicht wrote:
       | I don't see why it would be a controversial bill in Congress to
       | simply exempt scientific publications (broadly construed) from
       | all copyright law. Springer and Elsevier (the latter not even an
       | American company) would be losers, but I doubt they spend more
       | than a couple $mil on lobbying per year between the two of them.
       | The benefit to humanity seems pretty clear.
       | 
       | This seems entirely within the scope of Congress's power under
       | the Copyright Clause, and need not be tied up with other more
       | controversial aspects of intellectual property law. There was a
       | time when one could have made a case that permitting copyrights
       | on scientific publications would "promote the Progress of Science
       | and useful Arts" (e.g. because only journal publishers were in a
       | position to efficiently provide copy editing, nice formatting,
       | and distribution). None of that has been relevant for decades, so
       | it seems to me that one could even make a case that the status
       | quo _violates_ the Copyright Clause, since enforcing journal
       | copyrights pretty clearly diminishes rather than promotes the
       | progress of science.
        
       | aomobile wrote:
       | After music and tv, we need some sort of affordable unlimited
       | subscription for books and scientific papers
        
         | tasogare wrote:
         | No we don't. Sci-hub is doing the job fine. Also just like
         | music and tv, the fragmentation of the market would require on
         | the have multiple subscriptions at the same time.
        
         | VortexDream wrote:
         | No, why? The science is mostly funded by public institutions.
         | Academic research belongs to all of us as a civilization.
        
       | Damogran6 wrote:
       | I worked incident response for one of these publishers. The grind
       | was constant and unending and they very rarely made decisions to
       | improve the security of the documentation, meaning we were
       | constantly on high alert to respond...usually on holiday
       | weekends...like Labor Day.
       | 
       | I'm torn, because I see both sides of it...moreso now that I'm
       | not receiving a paycheck to keep it safe.
        
       | echopurity wrote:
       | Capitalism is anti-science and anti-progress. People are evolving
       | around it.
        
         | Bostonian wrote:
         | Progress has been faster under capitalism than feudalism,
         | socialism, or communism.
        
           | BeFlatXIII wrote:
           | Where do you draw the line between socialism & communism when
           | making that claim?
        
       | bluenose69 wrote:
       | Yes, everyone uses scihub (and author websites, etc) from time to
       | time.
       | 
       | A related question is "who pays the per-paper fee". Well, not me,
       | and none of my colleagues. However, I've learned that the fees
       | _do_ get paid, but not by individuals. Rather, it 's libraries
       | that are paying, to fulfil interlibrary loan requests for papers
       | in journals with high subscription costs and low readerships. If
       | the number of requests times the price per request is lower than
       | the yearly subscription cost, this can be the only way to stay
       | within budget.
       | 
       | Where I work, research grants let me cover journal "page
       | charges", but they do not let me subscribe to journals, nor
       | contribute to the library budget. This has always struck me as
       | crazy, for the yearly cost of many journals is under the cost of
       | publishing a single paper. Heck, we have researchers publishing
       | in the journal of whatever, paying several tens of thousands of
       | dollars per year ... and our library cannot afford to subscribe,
       | so we can see our work.
       | 
       | Yes, you read that right: in many cases, authors have to pay to
       | publish, and then pay again to read.
       | 
       | Some progress is being made, though. Many granting agencies now
       | encourage researchers to publish in open-access mode. That would
       | seem great, except that they did not increase grants to
       | compensate for the extra cost. Money spent on those fees is money
       | that cannot go to support graduate students.
       | 
       | As others have noted (here, and in dozens or hundreds of similar
       | discussion threads), things are different from field to field. I
       | work in a field where it's just as important to read old papers
       | as new ones. That means that the solution of authors posting to
       | their websites is not always viable. Probably a third of the
       | papers I read (in support of teaching) are from people who died
       | long before the web got started.
        
         | gbrown wrote:
         | > but they do not let me subscribe to journals, nor contribute
         | to the library budget.
         | 
         | Not defending the publishing system, but that's what indirects
         | are for.
        
         | matheusmoreira wrote:
         | > authors have to pay to publish, and then pay again to read
         | 
         | That makes me sick. I'm sorry that you had to suffer this
         | indignity.
        
         | PartiallyTyped wrote:
         | There is also r/scholar where I may or may not have provided
         | articles to other people.
        
           | raattgift wrote:
           | Similarly https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICanHazPDF
        
         | pbhjpbhj wrote:
         | >Many granting agencies now encourage researchers to publish in
         | open-access mode.
         | 
         | I can't see why the government wouldn't publish all works under
         | an open license when they (ie tax-payers) paid for the
         | research. In the UK we have a national archives that has all
         | the infrastructure - surely it should have all experimental
         | results and all published, and unpublished, conclusions from
         | that work.
         | 
         | The only reason I can see not to do that is to lock up research
         | for private gain. That's acceptable if the researchers are
         | prepared to forgo tax-payer funding, otherwise ...
         | 
         | This seems like another of those situations where government
         | make terrible contracts on behalf of citizens/subjects/tax-
         | payers.
        
         | stathibus wrote:
         | Yeah, progress is being made. It's an open secret that
         | traditional journal publishers add no value in the 21st
         | century. Zero, zilch. Their time is up, and they know it... In
         | some fields more than others so far, but it will come for the
         | rest eventually.
         | 
         | As far as I'm concerned a paper hasn't been stolen unless it's
         | been accessed without the authors' permission.
        
         | krull10 wrote:
         | Governments shouldn't be paying significant amounts of tax
         | payer money in page fees or open access fees. There should be a
         | small cap on what will be paid, a requirement work is open
         | access and deposited in public databases, and that's it. It's
         | outrageous that tax payers are spending $5000 so someone can
         | publish in a Nature type journal, and a waste compared to the
         | additional postdoc and researcher salaries all these page
         | charges could instead go to pay for. Unfortunately, the
         | incentives in academia are such that as long as grants will
         | provide such funds researchers will publish in these journals,
         | so I think this can really only be fixed by funding bodies
         | reducing the money they provide for publications. At the end of
         | the day, I don't think any journal should be getting more than
         | ~$200-$300 for publishing an article. They simply don't add
         | much value at this point beyond the prestige of their name.
        
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