[HN Gopher] US Air Force chief software officer quits
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       US Air Force chief software officer quits
        
       Author : Ziggy_Zaggy
       Score  : 112 points
       Date   : 2021-09-03 19:33 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theregister.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theregister.com)
        
       | chrisseaton wrote:
       | > IT is a highly skilled and trained job; staff it as such
       | 
       | I don't think it's highly trained at all!
       | 
       | What kind of training do major tech companies do? I've never done
       | any in my career, outside my degrees, and not everyone does that
       | even! Is that unusual?
       | 
       | Contrast that with the military, which is obsessive about
       | training and invests a huge amount of time and effort into it
       | throughout your entire career.
       | 
       | So who are we taking lessons from here?
        
         | akvadrako wrote:
         | The training is just doing the job; it isn't something you can
         | learn in school.
        
           | chrisseaton wrote:
           | If training is just doing the job, then we can describe all
           | jobs as highly trained, so what does the phrase even mean?
        
             | a3n wrote:
             | In context, it means that the people being put in charge,
             | the "majors and lt colonels," have never done the job, so
             | they're unqualified, no matter how smart and dedicated.
        
         | spaetzleesser wrote:
         | I think it meant "highly skilled and requiring lots of
         | training".
        
         | mikewarot wrote:
         | It was a bad word choice, I'll agree. Our training is on the
         | job, mostly. I'd bet most of us know many different layers of
         | abstraction, and ways to just get stuff done, that would take
         | years to teach formally, if it could be taught.
        
         | Sevii wrote:
         | I've done a lot of paid training as an IT employee. Studying
         | for a cassandra certification, getting the Kubernetes Admin
         | certification, regular redundant OWASP security trainings.
         | Export restriction trainings. There were a lot more that I
         | didn't take. We basically had our own khan academy worth of
         | trainings you could take at my last job.
        
           | chrisseaton wrote:
           | Imagine if when we promoted developers from juniors to
           | seniors they were taken off their project and sent on a six-
           | month residential retreat to focus exclusively on their own
           | professional and personal development. That's the kind of
           | approach to training the military has - beats some online
           | course and corporate certs!
        
             | spaetzleesser wrote:
             | I always get jealous when managers at my company constantly
             | go to trainings or are assigned to different roles to add
             | skills. There really is a system for developing managers.
             | That's opposed to developers who are basically asked to
             | stagnate and stay where they are.
        
               | indigochill wrote:
               | You should probably sort that out with your current
               | employer or find a new one.
               | 
               | Mine provides open access to a ton of online resources as
               | well as maintaining a regular budget for developer-
               | initiated things like going to conferences/seminars or
               | buying books. It's actually rare that the training budget
               | gets fully spent, but on the other hand I've never had a
               | request turned down.
               | 
               | For a while, my employer was even footing my college bill
               | when I decided to back for my MS. That one came with a
               | contract to stay on longer to "pay" them back, but that
               | was fine because I had no plans to leave.
        
       | dragontamer wrote:
       | https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/time-say-goodbye-nicolas-m-ch...
       | 
       | This linkedin post seems way more... balanced... than
       | TheRegister.com implied.
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | > _I realize more clearly than ever before that, in 20 years
         | from now, our children, both in the United States' and our
         | Allies', will have no chance competing in a world where China
         | has the drastic advantage of population over the US. If the US
         | can't match the booming, hardworking population in China, then
         | we have to win by being smarter, more efficient, and forward-
         | leaning through agility, rapid prototyping and innovation. We
         | have to be ahead and lead. We can't afford to be behind._
         | 
         | > _While we wasted time in bureaucracy, our adversaries moved
         | further ahead._
         | 
         | Zoinks! This matches my experience working in defense and is
         | one of my biggest fears.
         | 
         | > _I am becoming "technology stale"._
         | 
         | > _The DoD is still using outdated water-agile-fall acquisition
         | principles to procure services and talent_
         | 
         | So glad that I left the industry. It's infuriating too because
         | it's not a matter of if, but when. When the US faces a
         | determined and modern adversary, the ones paying the price will
         | be the men and women who serve in the military. It won't be the
         | Pentagon brass or defense CEOs paying. This shit keeps me up at
         | night. Worst of all the government has known it's a problem for
         | decades if you read the Defense Innovation Board reports.
         | 
         | https://media.defense.gov/2019/May/01/2002126691/-1/-1/0/SWA...
         | 
         | > _Nothing is changing: most of this has been said before and
         | the 1987 DSB report on military software pretty much says it
         | all. What is it going to take to actually do something?_
        
           | trhway wrote:
           | >If the US can't match the booming, hardworking population in
           | China, then we have to win by being smarter, more efficient,
           | and forward-leaning
           | 
           | one of the most efficient way to balance the scales is by
           | taking away that smartest and hardworking top of the
           | population through immigration.
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | So they can toil for Orgs with too many chiefs at the top?
             | Better to toil in China where there is respect for STEM,
             | engineering, etc.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | People do immigrate and work in the US, despite how much
               | of a PITA it is to do so.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_by_country#/med
               | ia/...
        
             | platz wrote:
             | c.f. the argument put forward in "One Billion Americans" by
             | matthew yglesias
        
       | AndrewKemendo wrote:
       | I'm honestly surprised this is on HN, but it's good that it is.
       | 
       | I worked with Nic on and off for almost his entire tenure while I
       | was CTO for Kessel Run and I can state with full confidence that
       | this is at best him mis-representing his importance and the
       | problems with the DoD IT; and at worst this is his attempt to
       | spin his being fired (or being asked to resign ala Nixon) by the
       | incoming Secretary (timing here is not just a coincidence).
       | 
       | A couple of core points, that are important to keep in mind that
       | have nothing to do with Nic's character, integrity, communication
       | style or technical capabilities (which is a separate and
       | important topic but not suitable for this public forum IMO):
       | 
       | - The CSO position was made up by him, it's not related to any
       | GSA Schedule and it had about the kind of charter you would
       | expect for the position: Namely ill-defined and loosely
       | empowered.
       | 
       | - There was no office of the CSO in the sense that it was not
       | congressionally funded, had no budget, no personnel and no real
       | authority for writing, implementing policy or actually doing
       | engineering.
       | 
       | - Nic never held a clearance, and as a result was never actually
       | involved or aware of most of the programs that he intended to
       | impact
       | 
       | - His primary mission seemed to be to push any organization that
       | was developing software for the USAF to immediately adopt
       | microservices architectures, containers/kubernetes and a couple
       | of very specific "DevSecOps" practices - and specifically to the
       | specifications that he approved/suggested. Make of that what you
       | will.
       | 
       | That said, a lot of what he says is true and IT/network
       | infrastructure, development and test etc... in the DoD is far
       | from modern and in some places completely broken. Other places,
       | where it matters a lot it's like nothing you've ever seen or will
       | likely see in the commercial sector for decades.
       | 
       | Bottom line, I suggest taking this tirade with an EXTREME amount
       | of salt.
        
         | ryanmarsh wrote:
         | _Other places, where it matters a lot it 's like nothing you've
         | ever seen or will likely see in the commercial sector for
         | decades._
         | 
         | It's weird how the federal govt is like this across the board.
         | Most things are "fine" being held together with bubblegum and
         | duct tape. Some things matter a lot though, and when they do
         | you get to see really smart people apply themselves in ways
         | that are cooler than the movies.
        
         | enkid wrote:
         | The idea that he could fix Air Force IT in 6 months if
         | empowered seems absolutely ridiculous given the size of the
         | organization. What do you think the US gov needs to change to
         | get better at it?
        
         | ElijahLynn wrote:
         | I encourage you to leave this comment on the article itself on
         | The Register since you already made it public here.
        
         | phkahler wrote:
         | >> Other places, where it matters a lot it's like nothing
         | you've ever seen or will likely see in the commercial sector
         | for decades.
         | 
         | That's something I'd really like to see. How does that kind of
         | difference come about? My guess is that it requires a certain
         | degree of funding and commitment that may be impossible in
         | wallstreet companies. But what else does it take for an
         | organization to get there?
        
         | Ziggy_Zaggy wrote:
         | This is a very insightful and contrasting response.
         | 
         | Do you have any other articles/materials that we can reference
         | for additional information related to this topic?
        
       | GartzenDeHaes wrote:
       | Fun fact about the USAF: pilots are selected based on personnel's
       | assessment of a cadet's probability of making general officer.
       | Aptitude for flying and piloting ability have nothing to do with
       | the assessment, which occurs before pilot training. As a result,
       | many Air Force pilots are awful pilots, but they are world class
       | ass kisssers and social climbers.
        
         | bodhiandphysics wrote:
         | Fun fact... this is completely false!
        
           | tablespoon wrote:
           | Yeah, it doesn't pass the smell test. I wouldn't be surprised
           | if both piloting skill _and_ advancement potential were
           | requirements, though.
           | 
           | It's sort of like people who are both awesome software
           | developers and good managers. Those qualities often do not
           | overlap, but they do sometimes. If you can afford to be
           | selective enough (which is rare), you can check both boxes
           | for everyone you hire.
        
             | bodhiandphysics wrote:
             | That is in fact what the air foce does. It uses a numerical
             | rating based on a) an exam of pilot related skills. B) a
             | general knowledge exam c) number of hours piloting you
             | already have
        
         | alarge wrote:
         | I'll take a slightly more nuanced position than a peer poster
         | and say this is "mostly wrong" and somewhat backwards.
         | 
         | (I've been out of this area for a few years, so my perspective
         | might be a little dated, but I doubt it has changed that much)
         | 
         | Pilots aren't simply "selected". You have to get through
         | multiple gates to become a pilot in the USAF. Most of those
         | gates involve demonstrating some degree of devotion and/or
         | skill at flying (for example, having a private pilot's license
         | before competing for a pilot slot is a really good idea).
         | 
         | Having said this, pilots for the most part either end up in
         | combat roles (e.g., fighters, etc.) or in leadership roles (as
         | in, you have a whole crew you for which you are responsible).
         | Furthermore, pilots are officers and all officers are expected
         | to be effective leaders. So sure, leadership qualities are one
         | of the things you look for - because you look for them in _all_
         | your officer candidates. Now, you may not agree with the
         | personality traits identified as leadership traits. In general,
         | it is true that the military tends to favor personality traits
         | over management skills (the argument being that management
         | skills can be learned, but some innate personality traits
         | cannot). They judge that things like  "likeability" and
         | "ability to get others to trust and follow you" matter.
         | 
         | And here comes the backwards part. General officers are
         | selected for their perceived ability to understand the mission
         | of the USAF and move it forwards. This requires leadership
         | skills and so is biased towards those with those skills. But
         | there is also a general belief that the people who have most
         | directly been involved in executing that mission are the people
         | who are best positioned to lead that mission. In this case,
         | being a "rated" officer (this used to be
         | pilot/navigator/missile launch officer, but now seems to
         | include a couple of other designations) actually dramatically
         | improves your chances to make O6+ (Colonel -> 4-star General).
         | So it isn't that you are selected to be a pilot because they
         | think you'd be a good General - they think you'd be a good
         | General because you've been a pilot.
         | 
         | A final note - while all officer candidates are selected based
         | on leadership skills, there are other factors that are also
         | considered. For example, if you are competing for a technical
         | slot, having a STEM degree is generally a requirement. But
         | traditionally, the rated slots didn't have any particular
         | educational requirements (other than a 4-year university
         | degree). As a result, pilot candidates generally just have two
         | things in common:                  * Those personality traits
         | * A demonstrated commitment to become a pilot
         | 
         | Given this, I can see why the original comment was made. But to
         | actually _become_ a pilot, you have to demonstrate the ability
         | to fly. The training is both rigorous and very expensive, and I
         | 'd seriously doubt they'd keep the system as is if it routinely
         | produced "awful" pilots.
        
       | mikewarot wrote:
       | >My office still has no billet and no funding, this year and the
       | next.
       | 
       | From his LinkedIn post... this really is the crux of the
       | matter... they want to whitewash security, not actually implement
       | it.
        
       | RobRivera wrote:
       | probably to make more money
        
       | evilos wrote:
       | Sidenote, he lists "Push over-the-air software updates to weapon
       | systems (U-2) while flying the jet" in his list of
       | accomplishments. Is this what it sounds like? It sounds like a
       | terrible idea.
        
         | nonameiguess wrote:
         | Two notes on this:
         | 
         | 1) If the military gets it right with anything, it's
         | encryption. This isn't connecting to the aircraft over the
         | Internet using Verisign PKI. You're not gonna man-in-the-middle
         | inject your own code into the update. The only attack vector is
         | the software supply chain itself, but that is already an attack
         | vector regardless of how the software gets loaded.
         | 
         | 2) Part of the purpose of being able to do something like this
         | is to push new software capabilities to platforms that can't be
         | brought back to manually do it at all, like satellites in
         | orbit. A software update that doesn't require you to launch a
         | new rocket into space can save billions.
        
           | wolverine876 wrote:
           | > If the military gets it right with anything, it's
           | encryption. This isn't connecting to the aircraft over the
           | Internet using Verisign PKI. You're not gonna man-in-the-
           | middle inject your own code into the update. The only attack
           | vector is the software supply chain ...
           | 
           | What gives you this confidence?
        
             | cryptonector wrote:
             | I second this question.
             | 
             | Developers who know how to do this are relatively scarce.
             | The military almost certainly does not have enough of them.
        
               | tablespoon wrote:
               | >>> If the military gets it right with anything, it's
               | encryption.
               | 
               | > Developers who know how to do this are relatively
               | scarce. The military almost certainly does not have
               | enough of them.
               | 
               | FYI: the NSA is part of the DoD. They most certainly have
               | plenty of people who know how to do encryption properly,
               | and securing military communications is also part of
               | their job.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Agency:
               | 
               | > The National Security Agency (NSA) is a national-level
               | intelligence agency of the United States Department of
               | Defense... The NSA is also tasked with the protection of
               | U.S. communications networks and information systems.
        
         | markdjacobsen wrote:
         | See https://www.c4isrnet.com/air/2020/10/09/the-air-force-
         | update...
        
         | ethbr0 wrote:
         | U-2s are surveillance platforms. Hint: look at the letter.
         | 
         | He means the initiative to provide in-air updating of the
         | surveillance payload in response to tasking. Probably ELINT-
         | related.
         | 
         |  _Edit:_ He 's probably talking about this
         | https://mobile.twitter.com/WILLROP3R/status/1318161379304591...
         | and this https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/38162/u-2-spy-
         | plane-ta...
        
         | panzagl wrote:
         | 'Weapon System' is acquisition speak for a project of a certain
         | size that has to go through certain processes involving design,
         | funding, acceptance, etc. Whether it is actually intended to
         | harm someone is somewhat orthogonal to the designation.
        
         | chrisseaton wrote:
         | If you're watching a target, and it's going to be gone in a few
         | hours, and the plane is already in the air, and you want to run
         | a program to run the sensors in a certain way to get what you
         | need, makes sense to me.
        
       | nonameiguess wrote:
       | I feel Nic's pain. Here is the original article about the talk he
       | gave before leaving: https://www.airforcemag.com/air-force-
       | leadership-chief-softw...
       | 
       | > One of Chaillan's main concerns is incorporating security into
       | software development, a practice known among IT professionals as
       | DevSecOps. With a lack of basic IT infrastructure, implementing
       | DevSecOps has proven difficult, he said. What's more, there has
       | been some resistance among those used to the more traditional
       | approach of considering security after development and
       | operations.
       | 
       | I currently work on Platform One, as a contractor from a vendor
       | brought on as an expert consultant for Kubernetes, but have ended
       | up on a product team doing mostly Python development but really a
       | bit of everything just because there is so little expertise among
       | the actual Air Force personnel and no infrastructure set up
       | whatsoever in terms of process for requesting and getting
       | resources. We're standing up basically everything ourselves from
       | scratch. The mandate was basically "we have a critical need for a
       | new capability. Here is an AWS account and five developers, so
       | make it happen." That's it. So everything from standing up CI/CD
       | pipelines, to building out a cluster, to configuring storage and
       | networking, to writing and testing the application code, to
       | maintaining environments and deployments, is falling on us, with
       | no support.
       | 
       | I'm not going to say what the product is for reasons of OPSEC,
       | but it is inherently a product that has extremely high security
       | needs. Yet in the rush to be able to tell some high-ranking
       | people we have put an "MVP" in production, we've skimped in every
       | which way it is possible to skimp. I am aware of so many holes in
       | the system, but Air Force pen testers didn't find them, so our
       | product manager is being pushed to go forward and we'll worry
       | about security later.
       | 
       | To my mind, this is absolutely unacceptable for a critical
       | defense system, but nobody is asking my opinion. Supposedly, we
       | keep being told we'll lose funding and get the plug pulled if we
       | don't hit some important milestone at some exact date. By being
       | "agile," we can deliver a broken, insecure "MVP" and "iterate" on
       | it until we have a real product that actually meets its
       | requirements.
       | 
       | You can't do this crap with defense systems. This isn't Etsy.
       | Deploying broken shit has far different implications than when
       | all the exemplars from the DevOps Handbook do it in order to find
       | all their bugs in prod and turn their users into beta testers.
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | That sounds disturbing. However, that is how the military has
         | done things in other domains for generations, and probably
         | forever.
         | 
         | Remember that the term SNAFU came from the military; watch some
         | WWII through Vietnam depictions of it: Before the modern era of
         | its glorification, the US military was synonymous with absurd,
         | screwed-up systems and policies that the soldiers overcame with
         | chewing gum, duct tape, initiative and a sense of humor. (Some
         | say the reputational change is due to the shift from the draft,
         | which caused a wide segment of the population to be familiar
         | with the military, to volunteer professional personnel, which
         | results in most people having no clue about it.)
         | 
         | I'm not saying it's a good thing or that it shouldn't be
         | improved, but the military (and every large institution) have
         | always had a lot of that crap. I remember a Marine officer
         | telling me that to never fly in one of their tilt-rotor
         | aircraft unless I see a lot of hydraulic fluid on the ground -
         | because if I don't, then it's out of hydraulic fluid. As they
         | explained, they go to war with - their lives depend on - tools
         | made by the lowest bidder.
        
         | eitally wrote:
         | I would wager that Etsy (and most big cloud-native unicorns)
         | probably has far, far, far superior infra, SW & ops in place
         | than just about any gov agency... and the ones that don't
         | (Zoom) get called out and are forced to fix it.
        
         | stult wrote:
         | I can echo these concerns having been a contractor working on
         | applications in more than one of the DoD cloud platforms,
         | including CloudOne (a subset of PlatformOne, for readers not
         | familiar with the flurry of DoD cloud offerings that have
         | sprung up over the last few years). I recently changed jobs in
         | no small part because of the massive incompetence on the USAF
         | side. It's really quite stunning. My entire schedule was eaten
         | up by unnecessary meetings where wholly unqualified USAF
         | officers (current and retired) in PM or similar roles would
         | pontificate endlessly about just absolute nonsense concerns.
         | Like hours of arguing about how to label a button on a form.
         | Constant bike shedding. No users involved meaningfully in the
         | feedback cycle. And I swear all these old USAF guys just
         | straight up hate their users. They will suggest the most user-
         | abusing possible design because they think their users are
         | stupid and need 10000 confirmation dialogs to avoid making
         | mistakes.
         | 
         | And on the legacy non-cloud side of things... it's a horror
         | show. No CI/CD. No testing (a lot of my job was bolting awkward
         | test harnesses on to existing legacy software to compensate).
         | Inconsistent and ever changing project management systems (they
         | switched from TFS to Jama to Azure DevOps to Jama again and
         | then when I left were talking about moving to JIRA. Our
         | cocontractors were insanely unqualified. They were really proud
         | of how cutting edge they were for adopting git for VCS. In
         | 2019. It's crazy how bad all of this software is, but at least
         | it wasn't on some internet connected server before.
        
       | jrochkind1 wrote:
       | > Among the USAF's sins-according-to-Chaillan? The service is
       | still using "outdated water-agile-fall acquisition principles to
       | procure services and talent",
       | 
       | Wait, what?
        
         | dragontamer wrote:
         | The full paragraph reads:
         | 
         | > The DoD is still using outdated water-agile-fall acquisition
         | principles to procure services and talent instead of leveraging
         | "Capacity of work" agile contracts to staff teams. Improving
         | acquisition ensures teams have the ability to groom their
         | backlog and move at the pace of relevance. Only Platform One,
         | and teams like Kessel Run, are truly end-to-end agile, from
         | what I have seen to-date.
         | 
         | I don't know what "water-agile-fall" is exactly, but he's
         | probably talking about some terms in the Air Force. Maybe he
         | means that the waterfall model still exists, and a bunch of
         | people are trying (unsuccessfully) to convert to agile. But
         | he's only seen Agile properly happen in a minority of projects.
        
           | jrochkind1 wrote:
           | that is somewhat clarifying! Still trying to wrap my head
           | around "to procure service and talent" with regard to
           | agile/waterfall.
        
         | markdjacobsen wrote:
         | HN has two threads on this now. I just replied on the other but
         | will copy here:
         | 
         | I can't speak for Chaillan, but as a military member who led an
         | agile software development team similar to his during the same
         | timeframe, I think he's referring to DoD's fondness for
         | buzzwords.
         | 
         | Because "agile" is the new hotness, every DoD office and vendor
         | tries to slap the language of agile onto a waterfall model. See
         | this wonderful report from the Defense Innovation Board on
         | "Detecting Agile BS":
         | https://media.defense.gov/2018/Oct/09/2002049591/-1/-1/0/DIB...
        
           | Ziggy_Zaggy wrote:
           | Do you might linking the other HN thread?
        
             | markdjacobsen wrote:
             | Other thread: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28407219
        
               | Ziggy_Zaggy wrote:
               | Much appreciated.
        
         | bink wrote:
         | I presume he means they're claiming to be agile while really
         | continuing to use a waterfall process for deploying software.
         | They create specs, hire a vendor, do regular reviews before
         | testing, approvals, deployment, provide specs for changes, pay
         | for those changes, test, approvals, deploy, and then repeat.
        
         | nonameiguess wrote:
         | It's not explained, but I know exactly what he means. We
         | mandate that development teams and integrated product teams
         | have to use agile methods, but the procurement process itself
         | is inherently not agile. Contracts come with fixed dollar
         | amounts, milestone delivery dates, and requirements that need
         | at least signoff from senior agency officials to change and
         | possibly acts of Congress. Further, the way your "customer" is
         | always an acquisition office rather than actual users of your
         | system, developers can't receive, solicit, or respond to direct
         | feedback from users, which is a pretty basic core tenet of
         | agile development, without which it's hard to see how it can
         | ever work.
        
           | ethbr0 wrote:
           | This. If you want to read more into the precise ordering of
           | the neologism, it's agile sandwiched in the middle of
           | waterfall.
           | 
           | Which is to say, the upstream and downstream didn't change
           | how they do things at all, and somehow developers acting
           | differently is supposed to convert everything to agile.
           | 
           | Or to put it another way, this is what you get when you tell
           | everyone they need to "do agile" without actually retraining
           | people on what that means and update processes to enable it.
           | 
           | Source: experience with healthcare "agile" and "sprints"
        
             | AnimalMuppet wrote:
             | Stronger: Somehow developers acting differently _without
             | the inputs that agile processes require_ is supposed to
             | convert everything to agile. And somehow it never does...
        
               | panzagl wrote:
               | In practice most contractors end up hiring a bunch of
               | former users to act as stand-ins for the real operators.
               | These former users then get to engage in continual
               | pissing matches with the acquisition office over how
               | things really get done. Hilarity ensues.
        
             | tablespoon wrote:
             | > Which is to say, the upstream and downstream didn't
             | change how they do things at all, and somehow developers
             | acting differently is supposed to convert everything to
             | agile.
             | 
             | Sounds like my corner of the private sector.
        
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