[HN Gopher] Perfect pitch study: Why can't we identify music not...
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       Perfect pitch study: Why can't we identify music notes as well as
       colors?
        
       Author : mzs
       Score  : 119 points
       Date   : 2021-08-31 17:23 UTC (16 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (news.uchicago.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (news.uchicago.edu)
        
       | The_rationalist wrote:
       | There is a drug that allow perfect pitch to be learned past early
       | childhood
       | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnsys.2013.0010...
        
       | mkr-hn wrote:
       | The good news for people without perfect pitch who feel bad about
       | it is that people who learn relative pitch retain it for life
       | while perfect pitch declines precipitously with age. It has other
       | drawbacks.
       | 
       | Video on the subject: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRaACa1Mrd4
        
       | fjfaase wrote:
       | I know an artist who has worked on creating colour palettes (for
       | a living, through commissions and art works) and creating light
       | art works, who claims that most people are very poor at
       | precieving colours because our brains so quickly adapt to
       | changing lightning conditions. His conclusion is that there is no
       | such thing as absolute colour perception.
        
       | kazinator wrote:
       | We do not identify colors well.
       | 
       | The eye is receptive to three colors, that's it.
       | 
       | We cannot tell the difference between a color which is a mixture
       | of two (or more) frequencies of light, and a pure color, whereas
       | we can tell chords from notes. (In spite of notes having
       | harmonics).
       | 
       | We may be able to point at a red object and call it red. But
       | there are are so many hues of red that this is about as accurate
       | as being able to identify which octave a note is in. When you
       | think that two objects are about the same hue of red, and the put
       | them side by side, you generally find that they are totally
       | different. Color also changes with lighting. A uniformly colored
       | surface does not appear to be the same color if it is not
       | uniformly illuminated, or does not uniformly scatter light in all
       | directions.
       | 
       | When it comes to sound, we may be poor at identifying a pitch,
       | but it seems we are fairly good at identifying EQ curves.
       | Firstly, we can recognize people by their voices, which are the
       | result of a tone's profile being shaped by the vocal tract. In
       | relation to this, we can tell an AAAAH from an IIII, also,
       | regardless of the speaker's pitch: whether the speaker is a man,
       | woman or child. Or even whether the vowel is being whispered.
       | Speakers of languages that have certain vowels that are very near
       | to each other can distinguish those vowels, like some higher "a"
       | versus a slightly lower "a".
        
         | utexaspunk wrote:
         | >We cannot tell the difference between a color which is a
         | mixture of two (or more) frequencies of light, and a pure
         | color, whereas we can tell chords from notes. (In spite of
         | notes having harmonics).
         | 
         | Wouldn't we have to be able to distinguish polarity to tell the
         | difference?
        
           | tsimionescu wrote:
           | I don't think polarity has anything to do with this. The idea
           | is that we can't distinguish at all between two independent
           | light waves, one at ~600nm (red) and one at ~540nm (green),
           | vs a single light wave at ~580nm (yellow).
        
         | twelvechairs wrote:
         | Yes. Another key thing with colour is we can't visually see the
         | difference between a full spectrum (like sunlight) and where
         | there only a few peaks being broadcast (like an LED display) as
         | long as they fall on the cones similarly.
         | 
         | Aurally we are incredibly good at understanding ratios, which
         | the fundamental basis of music, in a way that the eye is not.
         | Whether we can hear and state the difference between F4 and F#4
         | is simply not a priority of the body as these scales are
         | constructed culturally.
         | 
         | The eye and ear are simply built very differently for different
         | purposes.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Indeed. The ear is a one-channel spectrum analyzer and the
           | eye is a camera with a two very distinct regions each serving
           | different purposes. Both of these then have a ton of post-
           | processing done in the brain before their outputs are
           | presented to higher order functions.
        
         | vgb2k18 wrote:
         | I'll agree and add one example: from a repeated sequence of
         | played notes, and a repeated sequence of flashing colors - I
         | can readily identify a modified note, however not a modified
         | color. For context imagagine 10 seconds of a song VS 10 seconds
         | of flashing lights... If on the 3rd repetition of the pattern,
         | one random note was changed and one random color was changed,
         | which change would be most immediately obvious?
        
         | khazhoux wrote:
         | > We may be able to point at a red object and call it red
         | 
         | That's still better than most people's pitch recognition. Play
         | any note in the C scale to a random person (even someone who
         | plays an instrument and has some musical skills) and their note
         | identification will be barely a guess.
        
       | akomtu wrote:
       | I'd argue it's the opposite: our audial perception is way richer.
       | It's because of harmonics: the same pitched sound on piano or
       | violin has different texture and we hear that clearly. Try to do
       | the same with a mix of 7 colors ("harmonics"). Moreover, we can
       | hear a 1 Hz difference between two sinusoidal tones. Now try to
       | notice a 1/20000 difference in two colors.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Harmonics _and_ base wave form. A plucked string vs a bowed
         | string have a completely different shape, the first is going to
         | decay and is mostly sinusoidal in its components (as is each of
         | the harmonics) whereas a bowed string will be mostly
         | triangular. And when you start comparing string instruments or
         | open pipes and reed instruments you will find that the relative
         | strength of the harmonics will vary widely to the point that
         | some appear to be missing entirely due to the different modes
         | of vibration.
        
           | nyanpasu64 wrote:
           | "Base wave form" (ignoring transients and such) doesn't
           | matter for humans, and how a wave is perceived by humans is
           | determined by the set of harmonics it contains.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Fair enough, the waveform is the relative strength of the
             | harmonics. But it's a convenient short-cut to 'the whole of
             | the relative strength of each harmonic as compared to the
             | fundamental, as well as which harmonics are present'.
             | 
             | A sawtooth wave shape has a very distinct sound, as has a
             | pure sinewave, square wave and so on.
        
             | poetaster wrote:
             | And modulating the string on a cello to harmonize with a
             | reed is extraordinarily rich in harmonics.
        
       | zwieback wrote:
       | One of the papers quoted by this paper is something I always
       | wondered about: how can anyone have absolute pitch when you can
       | detune your intrument slightly, e.g. if the Oboe gives the A and
       | everyone tunes to that there's no guarantee that it's 440. Not
       | everyone picks 440 for A anyway so really absolute pitch has a
       | basic cultural reference.
       | 
       | Apparently possessors of AP can re-calibrate to detuned sounds
       | with some exposure.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Or they find it _extremely_ annoying. I once played a piece
         | with notes that were hanging just below or above their  'true'
         | pitch and then slowly home in on it and the listener could not
         | stand it and asked for it to be switched off.
         | 
         | If you want to test yourself against it:
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGdRNca4rZM
         | 
         | Enjoy :)
        
         | SeanLuke wrote:
         | I have perfect pitch. Perfect pitch is basically rounding the
         | frequency to the nearest pitch in your resolution. As a
         | pianist, my resolution is more or less half of a semitone, so I
         | can tell that a note is off, but it doesn't get _really_
         | annoying until it 's so off that it's close to rounding to the
         | next note.
         | 
         | This resolution differs from person to person, mostly based on
         | how they use it. I had a piano tuner visit my house yesterday
         | as it so happens and his resolution was to about 10 cents. It
         | was amazing.
        
           | fuzzfactor wrote:
           | I had a music teacher who said that perfect pitch was when
           | you tossed a banjo in a dumpster and it landed on an
           | accordion that was already there :)
        
           | zwieback wrote:
           | Do you think that over time you could "re-tune" yourself to
           | different pitches, e.g. if you listened to a ton of music
           | that's detuned by half a semitone that eventually you'd think
           | that that's the new normal? Or maybe it's something that gets
           | hardwired at a young age and then you're stuck with it?
        
             | SeanLuke wrote:
             | I'm probably too old for that, but yes.
             | 
             | Actually I'm now in my 50s and perfect pitch starts going
             | south as you get older, at least for me and a number of
             | others I know. I easily get locked into thinking things are
             | a half-step lower than they really are.
        
               | davepeck wrote:
               | This tracks exactly with my experience. I'm in my 40s and
               | my pitch is definitely no longer perfect -- it's close,
               | though? It's not uncommon for me to be semitone off these
               | days.
               | 
               | Is this a studied aspect of perfect pitch? I've never
               | read about it but, talking to friends, it seems like a
               | common experience.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | I had some fun with my piano tuner to 'check' his tuning
           | using a stroboscope for each individual string (not a choir)
           | after he was done and it was quite amazing to see how
           | accurate he was. And what blows me away is how fast an
           | experienced tuner can work, what would take me hours - and
           | with tremendous fatigue in hearing afterwards - takes him 1/2
           | hour and with much better results.
        
           | joegahona wrote:
           | What is your reaction to some of the historical-tuning
           | recordings that have proliferated in the past decade or so,
           | especially on piano? Do you see aesthetic value in those
           | tunings, when taken as a whole piece, or are you so locked in
           | to equal temperament that it's irritating to hear alternative
           | tunings?
           | 
           | I have a pretty decent relative pitch but not perfect
           | pitch... to me these tunings sound interesting but I can't
           | say I derive any more pleasure from them. Sometimes they give
           | me the feeling of not quite having my footing underneath
           | myself. They're more of an oddity.
        
             | SeanLuke wrote:
             | Those tunings are not so off as to be annoying, so I don't
             | really have much of an opinion of them except to think that
             | they're kinda silly. Other tunings (like 31 EDO) I just
             | can't handle.
        
               | joegahona wrote:
               | Never heard of 31 EDO till now. Indeed, pretty brutal
               | even for this non-perfect-pitch person:
               | https://youtu.be/hLjnNflnvEQ
        
       | layer8 wrote:
       | On the other hand, we can't see color intervals and chords.
        
       | jacobolus wrote:
       | We can't identify "colors" in isolation either. Color is all
       | relative. If a person had to identify the luminous intensity of a
       | visual stimulus to within a factor of 2^(1/12) [the interval of
       | one semitone], they wouldn't be able to do it. (With significant
       | training and in standardized surroundings it could probably be
       | learned by some people.) And precisely identifying hue/chroma in
       | isolation is just as difficult.
       | 
       | (Note: there is no way to make a perfect analogy about sound vs.
       | color identification, because the physical mechanisms and
       | resulting perceptual spaces are completely different.)
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Of course we can. Everybody that isn't somehow colorblind can
         | reliably distinguish between a basic number of colors, say Red,
         | Green, Blue, Yellow, Orange, Brown, Green, Purple, Pink, Teal,
         | and to add Black and White allows for all the grays. It's when
         | you start mixing these that naming them is harder because there
         | are many more variations than there are notes on our 'regular'
         | Western scales, from A0 to G#9 if you want to stay within a
         | practical range, and from A0 to C8 if you want to stick to a
         | standard piano, and the way pitches repeat every 12 semitones
         | has no real equivalent in color.
        
           | Dylan16807 wrote:
           | > Everybody that isn't somehow colorblind can reliably
           | distinguish between a basic number of colors, say Red, Green,
           | Blue, Yellow, Orange, Brown, Green, Purple, Pink, Teal, and
           | to add Black and White allows for all the grays.
           | 
           | If you're not deaf you should be able to distinguish between
           | wide swaths of the scale too. Especially once you give the
           | swaths names and get used to that.
           | 
           | > It's when you start mixing these that naming them is harder
           | because there are many more variations than there are notes
           | on our 'regular' Western scales
           | 
           | Not if you stick to pure single wavelengths. You could divide
           | that into a mere 50 colors and I doubt people would have a
           | chance at naming them reliably.
        
           | dhosek wrote:
           | For all we know, there may be an equivalent light octave to
           | the sound octave (mathematically it would make sense). The
           | catch is that the frequency range of visible light falls
           | entirely within a single "octave," but then if you think
           | about the color wheel which puts red next to violet which are
           | at opposite ends of the color spectrum and it suddenly makes
           | sense.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | In fact it would be only about half an octave.
        
               | dhosek wrote:
               | Unless I've done my math wrong, it's roughly a doubling
               | of frequency between the two ends of the spectrum, that
               | makes an octave. From Wikipedia: "A typical human eye
               | will respond to wavelengths from about 380 to about 750
               | nanometers.[1] In terms of frequency, this corresponds to
               | a band in the vicinity of 400-790 THz."
        
           | mikewarot wrote:
           | There are 88 notes on a piano, but there are at least 2000
           | pantone colors... I'd be surprised if there are more than 10
           | people total who can correctly match them all.
           | 
           | The difficulty of both problems is understated.
        
             | AfterShave wrote:
             | While the farnsworth-munsell 100 hue test is definitely
             | doable. I'd love to see a bigger test just for the hell of
             | it.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | I'd be surprised if anybody would be able to do the color
             | test.
             | 
             | At the same time: even if people can't tune a piano they
             | can usually fairly reliably tell when one is out of tune.
             | 
             | But more impressive than absolute pitch to me is to be able
             | to identify a four-note chord at once.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | A piano is particularly easy to tell if it is out of tune
               | because most notes have multiple strings. They beat
               | against each other horrendously when one of the strings
               | is at a different frequency than the other. If all the
               | strings for a single note were out of tune by the same
               | amount most people would think the piano was fine.
               | 
               | Can most people tell when a guitar is out of tune? A
               | guitar so badly out of tune it plays different notes is
               | recognizable by almost everyone, but a guitar only a
               | little out of tune would not be noticed by most, IME.
        
           | lhorie wrote:
           | The weird aspect about our perception of colors is how our
           | brains interpret them _relative_ to nearby colors (e.g. https
           | ://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_illusion#/media/File:C...)
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | True, but that's optical illusion territory, similar things
             | will happen with music, there are all kinds of acoustical
             | illusions:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_illusion
             | 
             | As well as the 'missing fundamental' I linked to in another
             | comment in this thread.
             | 
             | If you pick some Jazz piece apart it isn't rare at all to
             | come across a chord that sounds absolutely awful. But then
             | you play the piece as intended and it all makes sense
             | within the larger context of the notes/chords/intervals
             | around that chord. This never ceases to surprise me.
        
           | nautilius wrote:
           | How do you explain optical phenomena such as the viral dress
           | phenomenon then?
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_dress#Real_colours_of_dres.
           | ..
        
             | nitrogen wrote:
             | Part of that was variations in displays. Cheap laptop LCDs
             | especially crush white levels and black levels if not
             | viewed from exactly the right angle.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | That is based on the color of the illumination and this of
             | course affects the perceived color. It's the difference
             | between emitted and reflected light, but in the case of a
             | comparison with musical notes it would be fair to only use
             | emitted light.
             | 
             | There is no exact equivalent to reflected light with its
             | own color illuminating a colored drawing. Though it would
             | be interesting to see if such a thing could be constructed
             | somehow artificially using a device that receives sounds
             | and then somehow frequency shifts them before emitting them
             | again. That would be a fun experiment!
        
               | forrestthewoods wrote:
               | > It's the difference between emitted and reflected light
               | 
               | Wat?
               | 
               | Everyone who observed that optical illusion did so by
               | observing it on an emitted light panel.
               | 
               | Color perception is entirely relative. There are
               | countless images that demonstrate this. For example:
               | http://www.optical-illusionist.com/illusions/same-color-
               | illu...
               | 
               | When we perceive emitted light color we're also
               | perceiving RGB emissions that are blended. I love giant
               | LED panels that when you get close you can clearly see
               | the individual colors. It's a trip.
               | 
               | Humans are horrible (incapable?) at evaluating absolute
               | color. It's entirely relative.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Ah ok, that's simply an optical illusion. The brain is
               | full of pre-processing that you can mess with in order to
               | trick it to see things that aren't there and to shift
               | colors around as well as to play with figure-background.
               | But that is a case of 'bad faith', you could do the same
               | for audio illusions, it wouldn't help to draw any further
               | equivalence between the visual and the auditory system.
               | 
               | Both work on the perception of waves with a certain
               | periodic repetition but there the equivalence ends, there
               | is no such thing as 'timbre' in vision, we simply don't
               | work with harmonics there and the shape of the wave in
               | sound is very important and non existent in vision (you
               | can see a single photon in sufficiently dark adapted
               | conditions, your eye as a fundamental particle
               | detector!).
        
               | nautilius wrote:
               | You may want to amend your original statement "Of course
               | we can. Everybody that isn't somehow colorblind can
               | reliably distinguish between a basic number of colors
               | [...]" then, because clearly that's not the case as you
               | state yourself.
        
               | ikura wrote:
               | I think a Ring Modulator might have some equivalence.
               | Depending on the frequency you set it to the ability to
               | accurately detect the frequency of the input notes can
               | diminish quite drastically.
        
               | nautilius wrote:
               | But then still everyone would have the identical
               | misconception. Clearly, that was not the case.
        
           | tshaddox wrote:
           | Even if we can reliably identify 12 unique divisions of
           | spectral color, that's still very different from the 12
           | semitones in Western music, because the 12 spectral colors
           | would span the entire range of human spectral color
           | perception, whereas the 12 semitones repeat every octave, and
           | humans can hear up to 10 octaves.
        
           | jacobolus wrote:
           | You can also distinguish between a soprano singing vs. a
           | baritone, or a flute playing vs. a saxophone.
           | 
           | It's when you start trying to distinguish the same type of
           | sound to the nearest semitone that it gets hard (unless
           | trained, ideally from a young age).
        
             | slaymaker1907 wrote:
             | Even on the same instrument, skilled people can often pick
             | out what range it is being played in due to timbre changes.
             | However, this is much more difficult if not nearly
             | impossible when using pure tones like a tuner. These timbre
             | changes can even differ between two semitones depending on
             | the physical properties of the thing producing sound. A B
             | on a trombone is going to sound different than a Bb since B
             | is played in 7th position while Bb is played in 1st
             | position.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Yes, this is very clear on wind instruments where the
               | timbre can change substantially from one note to the
               | next. The saxophone is notorious for this, it is
               | technically a woodwind and it is absolutely unplayable if
               | you don't tune the individual notes as you play them, you
               | have to use your embouchure to get the notes to match
               | pitch. Especially noticeable when playing with other
               | instruments.
               | 
               | https://www.sarahlynnroberts.com/beyond-the-
               | staff/2020/1/30/...
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | I have a trick for that. I search up or down whistling from
             | middle-C and count, that number modulo 12 is the pitch. Of
             | course that only works for the range that I can whistle.
        
           | pimlottc wrote:
           | "Everyone can do it, aside from those who can't"
        
         | Grustaf wrote:
         | Brightness is not related to colours, and while colours are
         | "relative" in the sense that colour perception is influenced by
         | context, it's still the case that you can accurately identify
         | lots of colours in an absolute sense, given a specific context.
        
           | jacobolus wrote:
           | You can also accurately identify a lot of sounds, given a
           | specific context.
           | 
           | But if you had to identify colors with the same precision
           | that you expect someone to identify pitches to be considered
           | to have "perfect pitch", it would be very difficult for
           | almost everyone. If you took random chips from the
           | Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test, one at a time, and had to
           | give the correct numerical code for each hue, you would not
           | be able to do it. (Which is why the test itself only requires
           | that people put the hues in order when comparing them side by
           | side, not identify each one absolutely.)
        
             | Grustaf wrote:
             | I mean you can easily identify 5-10 absolute colour
             | frequencies, but how many can identify even a single
             | absolute tone?
             | 
             | Ordering things in relative order isn't very relevant to
             | this discussion I think, since the point was about the
             | difficulty in detecting absolute sound frequencies. And of
             | course, anyone can put all the notes on a piano in relative
             | order.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | Identifying 5-10 absolute colors is similar in difficulty
               | to being able to identify whether a note is bass,
               | baritone, tenor or soprano. Which anybody who knows what
               | those 4 words mean would be able to do.
               | 
               | Except for border or overlapping notes of course. Giving
               | them one of those would be like expecting cyan to be
               | consistently labelled as blue or green.
        
               | Grustaf wrote:
               | "bass, baritone, tenor or soprano", that's only four
               | categories, that's much less than 10. And I would guess
               | that timbre will play in here as well, since the human
               | voice is pretty restricted. A bass is not just a
               | frequency shifted soprano.
               | 
               | Play a note and ask someone to reproduce it after ten
               | seconds or so. How close would people come? Then show
               | them a card with a certain pure colour and then ask them
               | to reproduce that with a hue slider.
               | 
               | Don't you think people would come much closer with the
               | colours?
               | 
               | Don't confuse language and perception, we are not talking
               | about labels such as "cyan" here, that's not directly
               | relevant.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | I'm pretty sure I'd do a lot better at reproducing the
               | note.
        
               | bryanlarsen wrote:
               | The difference between red and blue is half an octave in
               | frequency. So 4 tones is about right.
        
               | sfink wrote:
               | Heh. Personal anecdote: at 10 seconds I would do as you
               | expect, but if the gap were longer I would do much better
               | with sound.
               | 
               | I discovered relatively recently that I simply cannot
               | remember colors. My vision is fine, and my short-term
               | memory for colors is also fine. If I'm in a room and you
               | ask me to close my eyes and say what color the walls are,
               | I can do it. But if you ask me the color of the wall of
               | my bedroom, where I go every night, then I will only be
               | able to tell you if we recently painted it and verbally
               | discussed paint colors. (I think it's a shade of blue? Or
               | maybe green. Possibly gray. My family likes to pester me
               | with this question, so you'd think I would memorize the
               | answer at some point, but I haven't.)
               | 
               | I'm kind of curious how common this is. But since I lived
               | several decades without noticing it in myself, I wouldn't
               | be surprised if it wasn't very well recognized.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | People will fail the pure color test and that is all
               | there is to it. They will know it was light blue, but
               | won't be able to choose correct light blue. Nad they will
               | sux even more with mixed non-primary colors.
               | 
               | Reproducing visual properties is much harder then you
               | think.
        
               | Grustaf wrote:
               | There is no "fail", it's just a matter of how many
               | colours one can distinguish, vs how many absolute tone
               | frequencies.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | Infinite amount of both. But there is also issue of
               | remembering which is not as easy as people assume and of
               | comparing.
               | 
               | And of light conditions and context affecting your
               | perception. And so on.
        
               | Grustaf wrote:
               | Infinite? Not at all, we're talking about identifying
               | absolute frequencies here, not just telling them apart.
               | For sound I'd say it's less than five, for colour perhaps
               | a dozen.
        
         | roberto wrote:
         | > If a person had to identify the luminous intensity of a
         | visual stimulus to within a factor of 2^(1/12)
         | 
         | Without a unit this affirmation makes no sense.
        
           | spiraling_shape wrote:
           | The visual light spectrum starts at around 380nm, if we
           | arbitrarily assign that to be "C", and we ascend(ascending
           | wavelength, descending frequency) from that with the same
           | 12-tone "equal temperament" used in music we get:
           | 
           | C 380
           | 
           | B 402.595975856532 ~violet
           | 
           | - 426.535578357562
           | 
           | A 451.898703701034 ~blue
           | 
           | - 478.769998960052
           | 
           | G 507.239144584613 ~green
           | 
           | - 537.401153701776
           | 
           | F 569.356689213139 ~yellow
           | 
           | E 603.212399747916
           | 
           | - 639.081275592823
           | 
           | D 677.083025786658 ~red
           | 
           | - 717.344477638087
           | 
           | C 760 infrared
           | 
           | With 760 being one "octave" below 380, though the visual
           | spectrum ends at around 740, which means the visual light
           | spectrum is a bit less than one octave.
        
             | jacobolus wrote:
             | If your ear had only 3 types of detectors which only
             | detected 3 specific frequency distributions within about
             | half an octave but could locate stimuli within your field
             | of hearing with pinpoint accuracy, after a lifetime of
             | using that equipment you would probably be able to make
             | relatively fine distinctions in pitch in that very limited
             | range.
             | 
             | Instead, the human cochlea contains thousands of little
             | pitch detectors spread over 10 octaves, and the perceptual
             | architecture and typical training built around it is
             | designed to detect relative pitches (e.g. noticing the
             | difference between two different people's voices more
             | strongly than the absolute frequency of the fundamental
             | pitch of either voice).
             | 
             | Eyes and ears just have fundamentally different physical
             | mechanisms and we make sense of visual and auditory stimuli
             | in fundamentally different ways. They are not really
             | directly comparable.
             | 
             | In both cases, however, our perception is strongly context-
             | relative.
        
             | nwatson wrote:
             | But yellow isn't necessarily just a spike at 569.356...
             | There are plenty of other combinations of frequencies that
             | together will stimulate the green- and red-cones enough to
             | create a perception of (nearly?) the exact same yellow.
        
               | spiraling_shape wrote:
               | Right. I put the tildes before the color names to
               | indicate that they are "around here".
        
       | mhh__ wrote:
       | Memorising pitches as Colour (or concepts, to be less sycophantic
       | to the title) can actually be a good way of "feeling" the notes
       | of a scale.
       | 
       | Perfect pitch is the one thing that really makes me jealous in
       | music. Unless you have a lot of tuition, technique requires a
       | certain amount of luck in terms of finding the right habits and
       | obsessions, but I can work out how I would improve - pitch
       | however is totally off the table unless you have from an early
       | age.
        
       | ltbarcly3 wrote:
       | Didn't read, but isn't it obvious?
       | 
       | - We have several chemicals in our retina's that respond to
       | specific frequencies of light according to some curve. They are
       | calibrated. There is no such calibrated mechanism for how you
       | detect sounds.
       | 
       | - We actually suck at identifying colors. Every 5 year old has
       | seen the 'shadow' optical illusion where two parts of a picture
       | are exactly the same color and they look totally different.
        
       | srcreigh wrote:
       | The premise is somewhat flawed. We _can_ recognize different
       | sounds. Almost anybody can say "That was a violin" or "That was a
       | female voice" or "That was a guitar" with basic training.
       | 
       | Being able to determine exact pitch is more like being able to
       | determine exact rgb values of a color.
       | 
       | What is interesting about this study is that Perfect Pitch folks
       | still only have 77% accuracy with pure sine waves. Compared to
       | 98% accuracy with full-timbre piano notes. I have to wonder if
       | this is just a matter of practice and exposure or if there is
       | something deeper there.
        
         | Grustaf wrote:
         | > Almost anybody can say "That was a violin" or "That was a
         | female voice" or "That was a guitar" with basic training.
         | 
         | That's about timbre, not pitch.
        
           | srcreigh wrote:
           | That's my point. I believe red vs blue is more like violin vs
           | voice than A440 vs Exyz.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | But it isn't. To make it a bit more specific:
             | 
             | Red vs Blue is ~700 nm vs ~475 nm (about because they are
             | ranges rather than specific frequencies where most people
             | who are not vision impaired will agree something is either
             | red or blue).
             | 
             | Violin vs voice is more like 'triangular wave form with f,
             | 2f, 3f, 4f, etc as the harmonics and voice would be 'mostly
             | sinusoidal waveform with a bunch of vocal 'chords' acting
             | as strings each of them with a sligthly different base
             | pitch, with those same harmonics.
             | 
             | But if you were to compare for instance to a reed
             | instrument the harmonics would look completely different.
             | 
             | Some singers by the way are capable of controlling their
             | vocal chords in such a way that they can create rising and
             | falling pitches at the same time.
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vC9Qh709gas
        
               | srcreigh wrote:
               | Although I concede and agree with you on a basic level
               | that base frequency is more like color than timbre, there
               | are some other interesting factors.
               | 
               | One. Almost all instruments have different timbre
               | depending on the pitch. At least at large scales, your
               | voice's deepest note does not have the same timbre as
               | your midrange, or your highest note. Similarly with
               | pianos. I wonder if this is also true on a micro level
               | between A and B on a piano?
               | 
               | Two. As I mentioned above, perfect pitch folks _don't
               | recognize sine waves as well as piano notes_. Why? That's
               | very curious.
               | 
               | In any case, I was also going to mention that musical
               | notes are interesting because they loop. A is 440Hz and
               | 880Hz. I was expecting to find something like 2x blue
               | frequency = yellow, which would highlight a difference
               | between color and sound. However, interestingly, that is
               | not the case. The entire visible spectrum of light is
               | within one "octave" of frequency. Fascinating... :)
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Yes, it is fascinating, highly recommended book about
               | sound:
               | 
               | "The Acoustical Foundations of Music" by John Backus.
        
               | akomtu wrote:
               | 7 octaves above cover the UV spectrum and 7 octaves below
               | cover the IR spectrum. I guess our eyes could see 14
               | octaves with 50 instead of 3 sensors per pixel.
               | 
               | A more practical solution is a separate device, I mean
               | organ, that works like our ear but for em waves: just one
               | "pixel" but with lots of sensors and complex
               | postprocessing to detect harmonics. This way we could
               | hear em waves.
               | 
               | Such a device can be built, actually.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Not octaves. An octave is a doubling of frequency. When
               | you go seven octaves below 'red' you are much, much lower
               | than IR and when you go 7 octaves above blue you are
               | _way_ higher than UV.
        
               | akomtu wrote:
               | Am I? 7 octaves above 400nm is 3-4nm, somewhere between
               | extreme UV and x-ray. 7 octaves below 700nm is about
               | 0.7mm - the end of IR and beginning of microwave
               | spectrum. Unless I'm really missing something in my
               | calculations.
        
             | Grustaf wrote:
             | It's not though, red and blue have specific frequencies,
             | just like a 440 Hz sine has.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | No, red and blue have a 'range' where most people will
               | agree on what's red and what's blue. They are not exact
               | frequencies but frequency bands that have been culturally
               | defined. You can most easily see this in green, there are
               | 100's of 'greens' but we call all of them green.
        
               | Grustaf wrote:
               | Sure, but we are still talking about bands of
               | _frequencies_, not sets of harmonics (although there are
               | colours that are not pure). So it would correspond to
               | identifying 440 Hz with a tolerance of N Hz.
               | 
               | And we are not talking about colour naming, we are
               | talking about colour perception. So the situation would
               | be "here's a particular green colour, please find a patch
               | from this heap that has the same colour."
               | 
               | I mean, just because the word "green" is very broad
               | doesn't mean we can't _see_ the difference.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Of course we are not talking about harmonics, the first
               | overtone of 'red' would be a bit above ultra-violet and
               | invisible.
               | 
               | And as for green, yes that is the best color to do that
               | test with because we have the biggest discriminatory
               | capability for green. And most people would be able to
               | distinguish with a large degree of accuracy an
               | increasingly high frequency shade of green given similar
               | intensity. But once you start varying the intensity and
               | the hue at the same time I think people will get confused
               | quite rapidly as to which shade has the higher frequency
               | hue.
               | 
               | Color is much more 'loose' than sound, that's why we
               | 'tune' our instruments and why painters don't necessarily
               | need to 'tune' their palettes so precisely to be able to
               | make something that looks harmonious.
        
               | Grustaf wrote:
               | Sure, it's complex, but the basic point still stands.
               | Most people will probably be able to accurately identify
               | 10-20 different colours, if we fix the luminosity etc and
               | they are given cards with each colour.
               | 
               | When it comes to sound though, even many musicians won't
               | be able to find even a single absolute note, even if we
               | fix the timbre, intensity etc.
               | 
               | So colour and sound are definitely fundamentally
               | different, which I don't find very surprising, there are
               | few situations in the wild where it would help us to be
               | able to distinguish absolute frequencies, timbre is more
               | important.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | What is known as timbre is technically the degree to which
           | certain harmonics are present or not.
           | 
           | The most interesting case of this is the missing fundamental,
           | which we apparently re-create in our heads to hear it even
           | when it isn't really present!
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missing_fundamental
           | 
           | This really threw my for a loop while building my mp3->midi
           | convertor.
        
             | Grustaf wrote:
             | I know what timbre is, that's my point. The difference
             | between a violin and a piano is not about frequency.
        
               | ogma wrote:
               | And their point is that timbre is determined by the
               | intensity of the overtones, which are frequencies.
        
       | gerbilly wrote:
       | Who says we can identify colours well?
       | 
       | Try learning to paint and you'll perhaps see that your perception
       | of colour isn't as good as you think. I did and it certainly
       | opened my eyes, pun intended.
       | 
       | As for recognizing pitches, it's a trainable skill. I learned to
       | play guitar a while back and it was interesting to watch the
       | skill unfold.
       | 
       | Some of the open chords started to appear to me almost as
       | distinct as different people's voices.
       | 
       | The first time it happened I was listening to Paul McCartney's
       | "band on the Run" and just knowing that he was playing C then
       | FMaj7 (Well, the rain exploded with a mighty crash...)
       | 
       | I'm just ok at learning parts by ear, some people are on another
       | level.
       | 
       | I think the most interesting thing that this points to is that
       | there is probably a whole world of skills that one cannot even
       | imagine until one begins to acquire them.
       | 
       | I remember wondering how my guitar teacher could transcribe songs
       | so easily, but now that I am a 'stream enterer' for that skill, I
       | can sort of see what that must be like.
        
         | ThomPete wrote:
         | you can learn relative pitch not absolute pitch. Absolute pitch
         | is only possible before 3 years old or something like that.
        
           | kristiandupont wrote:
           | There is some indication that valproic acid makes it possible
           | for adults, though
           | (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3848041/)
        
           | gerbilly wrote:
           | Prove it.
           | 
           | This is just argument by assertion.
        
             | tralarpa wrote:
             | Maybe 3, maybe 6, maybe 9. Different sources give different
             | numbers. But "there are no known cases of an adult
             | successfully acquiring [Absolute Pitch]" (from the
             | Valproate paper).
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | He's not in your pay.
        
               | gerbilly wrote:
               | Yeah, and I don't have to take his word for it either.
        
           | swalls wrote:
           | Absolute pitch may not be possible to learn as an adult, but
           | what they're describing is having good pitch memory, which is
           | different from absolute/perfect pitch, and is definitely
           | something you can develop with a bit of practice.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | you keep replying with this like it is absolute. why do you
           | feel so strongly about this "fact"?
        
             | dekhn wrote:
             | This is, in fact, current mainstream scientific position.
             | There is a lot of distinction in abilities between absolute
             | and relative.
             | 
             | What I personally experienced is there are some individuals
             | who can identify specific notes down to the unit frequency
             | (I played a 439Hz tone, the person said "Uh you're a hertz
             | short" and I fixed the bug in my program). That level of
             | ability is generally believed to be not learnable after the
             | brain loses a certain amount of plasticicity.
             | 
             | Continuing from my own experience, people who do not have
             | absolute pitch at that level can improve their skills in
             | pitch detection including: identifying intervals,
             | identifying octave, identifying common notes in an octave,
             | and people like me who can barely tell you the interval
             | between two notes can improve their pitch detection
             | somewhat.
             | 
             | Whta is rarely or never observed it people with relative
             | pitch gaining perfect absolute pitch after growing up,
             | regardless of the amount of training.
        
               | gerbilly wrote:
               | > rarely or never observed it people with relative pitch
               | 
               | This seems like hair splitting to me. You even refute
               | yourself by including the word _rarely_.
        
               | dekhn wrote:
               | human physiology is not self-consistent, nor is the
               | language I use to communicate those facts./
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | > and people like me who can barely tell you the interval
               | between two notes
               | 
               | And a musician probably couldn't tell the difference
               | between = vs == or & vs &&. If you don't recognize that
               | someone that spends all of their time doing something
               | will be better at that something compared to someone
               | else, then there's just a large disconnect. Also, the
               | concept of "practice" yielding improvement is not a new
               | concept, and I'm surprised it seems to be so shocking of
               | a concept.
        
               | chatbot2 wrote:
               | As someone who studied music throughout school and played
               | for quite some time, there is clearly be something innate
               | about perfect pitch. I think a good allegory is people
               | who can multiply giant numbers in their heads easily
               | (previously referred to as "idiot savants" though that
               | term sounds ridiculous now). While the rest of us can
               | certainly practice and improve our multiplication skills,
               | we'll always be missing some connection that allows them
               | to do so effortlessly.
               | 
               | The link below is a study which shows that the
               | distribution of pitch recognition among the general
               | populace is bimodal (you have to scroll down a bit). This
               | matches with my experience that, irrespective of
               | practice, people either have it or they don't.
               | 
               | https://www.pnas.org/content/104/37/14795
        
               | mannykannot wrote:
               | You do not have to experience the difference between = vs
               | == or & vs && in order to learn it - in fact, that would
               | be a difficult way to go about it.
               | 
               | This is an issue in the interminable debate over Frank
               | Jackson's "Mary the color scientist" thought experiment,
               | where anti-materialists seem to think that if you cannot
               | learn what it is like to learn what seeing colors is like
               | from a science book, then materialism must be false.
               | Presumably they would hold the same position over
               | learning perfect pitch.
               | 
               | https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qualia-knowledge/
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | >You do not have to experience the difference
               | 
               | Except, I think every dev on here knows from "learning"
               | the diff between =/== yet has had the typo error in an if
               | test where == was meant, but ended with a single =. Yes,
               | it gets much easier to know why things are misbehaving
               | after experiencing it enough, but it did require that
               | experience to really "learn" it.
               | 
               | Same with any skilled trade. You can learn it by watching
               | or reading, but the real learning comes from the doing
               | repetitively. Some might call this practice. Pilots call
               | it hours on stick. Devs with enough of this are called
               | senior. Of course there are people that are naturally
               | gifted with skills that will excel more than highly
               | practiced people, but that doesn't mean practiced people
               | can't get to the same levels.
        
               | mannykannot wrote:
               | We have all done that, even though we _do_ know the
               | difference (we really have learned it, not just
               | "learned" it, and if asked, could explain it.) What you
               | learn from this experience is merely to pay close
               | attention.
               | 
               | What makes a pilot or dev 'senior' is mostly a
               | combination of a sense of what is normal (and which
               | deviations are significant), and good judgement. While
               | these are skills learned by experience, they still can,
               | to a degree, be _communicated_ in language, but skills
               | like perfect pitch can only be _described_ in language -
               | if you get it wrong, no-one can explain what you could
               | have done to get a better outcome.
        
               | fn-mote wrote:
               | > You do not have to experience the difference between =
               | vs == or & vs && in order to learn it
               | 
               | My experience with one kind of "magical skill" that
               | software engineers have is: someone reports strange
               | problems with some application (that you did not write).
               | You watch them reproduce the buggy behavior and you see
               | one step which seems "off" - not what you would have
               | done. You try the same process but with the step you
               | think seems right and it works. Person goes off happy
               | that their problem is "fixed".
               | 
               | Now of course this is "learned" but in a whole-systems
               | way that just looks like magic for someone from the
               | outside. It's not an exact parallel, but I think it's an
               | interesting one.
               | 
               | (Sorry I don't have a concrete example, but it happens
               | with some regularity. Like "I think you should let the
               | cable modem power up before turning on the other devices"
               | or "That screen seems to be flickering a lot, have you
               | tried swapping the power cord to the other side." or "I
               | don't think you should be crossing those cables, try
               | running them all parallel." All little by themselves,
               | magic together.)
        
               | ivanhoe wrote:
               | > Also, the concept of "practice" yielding improvement is
               | not a new concept, and I'm surprised it seems to be so
               | shocking of a concept.
               | 
               | It seems you really wish to believe anything can be
               | mastered at any level, but it's just not true - no matter
               | how disturbing that might sound. In pretty much any kind
               | of mastery you can improve to some point and then your
               | learning curve starts getting into the saturation due to
               | your various genetical and psychological limitations.
               | Your gains start getting smaller and smaller, and since
               | life is limited it also limits what can be accomplished
               | during it. People who were born with certain
               | talent/predisposition will always win in that race
               | (presuming they also work as hard as you), simply as they
               | start off from a better starting position. You can't just
               | decide as an adult to become a new Usain Bolt or Jordan
               | or Novak Djokovic. If you haven't already started
               | training hard as a kid it's just too late for you, no
               | matter how much you wish it. And perfect pitch is just
               | another extreme example of that as it seems to be closely
               | related to the phase of speech development in kids, which
               | ends when we're 8-11 years old. Try to pick up some
               | foreign language that you know nothing of, just by
               | listening and watching people use it, without any other
               | help. And then compare your progress to a 2 or 3 years
               | old kid who does the same seemingly effortlessly, even
               | with the most complex languages in the world. Rick Beato
               | has an interesting theory that kids can be directed to
               | develop the perfect pitch by exposing them to a lot of
               | advanced music with complex harmonies and scales, as the
               | brain - he believes - treats music same as speech and
               | recognizes the pitch of a sound as encoded information.
               | But again it works only with kids. From what I've read
               | about it there's no a single case known that someone
               | beyond doubt proved to have had trained themselves a
               | perfect pitch hearing as an adult.
        
           | empeyot wrote:
           | "In the case of perfect pitch, it seems that the necessary
           | adaptability in the brain disappears by the time a child
           | passes about six years old [...]. (Although [...] there are
           | exceptions of sort [...])" in Prof. Anders Ericsson's book
           | "Peak" in which he presents results from his research area of
           | expert performance. He also quotes a published study in which
           | childs aged 2 to 6 consistently were taught perfect pitch: "A
           | longitudinal study of the process of acquiring absolute
           | pitch: A practical report of training with the 'chord
           | identification method'"
        
             | hirvi74 wrote:
             | You can apparently get Perfect Pitch from the medication
             | Valporate, according to some study years back. Though, I do
             | not recall how effective it was. It was significant enough
             | to be detected though.
        
             | MandieD wrote:
             | I wonder how much overlap there is with the ability to
             | easily gain native-level proficiency in a language. We're
             | raising our child bilingual, partially because no one
             | should learn German from me (started in college, speak well
             | enough to get through life, but everyone knows I'm a native
             | English speaker), but I'd be ok with our child learning
             | English from my husband, as he speaks well enough that
             | Americans think he's British. His mother, who also learned
             | in high school and university, taught him for a maternity
             | leave year at age 4, then left it to the school system,
             | which didn't expose him to English again until he was 10.
             | His younger sister does not speak English nearly as well as
             | he does. I'm quite sure that early exposure is why he
             | doesn't have a German-sounding accent when speaking
             | English.
        
         | mr_toad wrote:
         | > Who says we can identify colours well?
         | 
         | We don't really. We have three receptors that respond to
         | different wavelengths (plus black and white) and our brains
         | stitch together a composite image.
         | 
         | Animals can have fewer or more receptors, and see more or fewer
         | colours. Just like a person who is red-green colourblind, and
         | sees them as the 'same', some animals and even rare people can
         | see different colours where we see only one. We are all
         | effectively colourblind to some extent.
        
       | adyer07 wrote:
       | The analogy between pitch and color recognition is funny to me -
       | it's like the skill gradient is backwards for artists versus
       | musicians. One critical skill in learning to paint
       | (naturalistically, at least) is learning to differentiate
       | _relative_ color, not _absolute_ color. Learning to look at an
       | apple and see warmer /cooler bits of red, for example. As the
       | article points out, naming "red" is easy for most people, and
       | then you spend years learning to mix all those funny shades in
       | between.
       | 
       | There's a whole school of painters - after Edwin Dickinson,
       | mostly - who talk about "color notes" and "color pitch". I wonder
       | what the analogous cognitive processing skills are for artists.
        
       | pessimizer wrote:
       | Naively I'd guess that it's because sound is all munged up into
       | two serial ports, whereas color is perceived simultaneously
       | through a matrix of rods and cones of different sensitivities,
       | each dealing with a tiny section of the visual field, and when
       | that field changes, doing consistency checks with each other,
       | filtering out effects due to changing light sources and
       | qualities.
       | 
       | That seems pretty consistent with this, which as far as I can
       | tell is saying that people who perform perfect pitch get good at
       | filtering out common timbres.
       | 
       | I bet it'd be pretty easy to train people to identify 12 sine
       | wave tones consistently, at the same volume and from the same
       | position.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Sound perception is _extremely_ parallel at the physical level,
         | each and every one of the hairs in the cochlear duct (a fluid
         | filled chamber that acts as a biological spectrum analyzer).
         | 
         | Your characterization is not in line with how things actually
         | work.
         | 
         | > I bet it'd be pretty easy to train people to identify 12 sine
         | wave tones consistently, at the same volume and from the same
         | position.
         | 
         | I'd bet against you. In fact that is a lot harder than
         | identifying the 12 base pitches on for instance a piano.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | > Sound perception is extremely parallel at the physical
           | level, each and every one of the hairs in the cochlear duct
           | (a fluid filled chamber that acts as a biological spectrum
           | analyzer).
           | 
           | But isn't the result a curve that can be expressed as the
           | simple superposition of waves? That simply can't be done for
           | vision. (edit: without breaking time by encoding scanlines -
           | which is just serializing it.)
           | 
           | > I'd bet against you. In fact that is a lot harder than
           | identifying the 12 base pitches on for instance a piano.
           | 
           | I'd take it. I'd imagine it'd be as easy to train somebody to
           | recognize 12 pitches from a particular piano in a particular
           | room as it would to train someone on sine waves. But my point
           | was it'd be easier to train them on either than on pitch in
           | general, from many different instruments with different
           | timbres.
        
       | Hoasi wrote:
       | Some people can identify music notes as well as colour. One
       | should note that colours perception may also essentially differ
       | from one individual to another. Early training works wonder for
       | music. Colours are everywhere, and most people can see, whereas
       | most people don't train to recognize individual notes. That skill
       | is not that useful, including for trained musicians. Most people
       | can agree that the sky is _blue_. However, a trained painter may
       | be able to see much more nuance.
        
         | mywittyname wrote:
         | There is a training aspect to identifying color as well. People
         | from cultures without the name for a color group have
         | difficulty identifying a color as distinct without a name for
         | such group.
         | 
         | Heck, even people from the same cultures will disagree on the
         | classification of the same color experienced in the same
         | situation. Remember the dress controversy a while back? People
         | couldn't agree whether or not it was black & blue or white &
         | gold.
        
         | Grustaf wrote:
         | > One should note that colours perception may also essentially
         | differ from one individual to another.
         | 
         | Sure, but most people can reliably and predictably name some
         | dozen colours.
         | 
         | > That skill is not that useful, including for trained
         | musicians.
         | 
         | If people in general had had perfect pitch, music might have
         | looked different from today. Absolute pitch would probably have
         | been an important feature. The reason it isn't important is
         | precisely because most people can't perceive it.
        
       | laurieg wrote:
       | I recently learnt to differentiate notes in a scale using an
       | app[1]. Basically, you listen to a few chords for musical context
       | and then you hear a note and have to choose which note it as.
       | When I started I couldn't do it at all. After a few weeks I was
       | able to tell which note I was hearing pretty reliably.
       | 
       | I think the analogy to colours is absolutely correct. There's no
       | calculation in my brain when I hear one these notes. I just hear
       | it and think "That's a third". It feels exactly looking at a
       | colour and thinking "That's red".
       | 
       | The fact that the identification is not a conscious thought leads
       | me to believe that learning notes by relating them songs and
       | musical phrases you know is probably not the best way to do it.
       | 
       | Note: this is not learning absolute pitch/perfect pitch. It's
       | 'just' relative pitch, but having gone from not having that
       | ability the change was quite large and quick.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.kaizen9.fe...
        
       | sirwitti wrote:
       | I studied musicology with a focus on perception of sound.
       | 
       | As far as I understand it, we evolved to be able to perceive
       | distinct colors because it's relevant to distinguish surfaces
       | from another visually.
       | 
       | For auditory sensations on the other hand rough pitch estimations
       | sufficed but relations between pitches (think of hearing 2
       | pitches. you probably won't know the exact note or frequency but
       | have learned to recognize patterns in the relations between them
       | - e.g. musical intervals) which comes down to periodicities in
       | the signal turned out to be a lot more relevant or helpful.
       | 
       | As to why we needed to be able to relate pitches to one another:
       | Without looking up literature on the topic I hypothezise that it
       | might be a byproduct of the way we calculate a single perceived
       | pitch out of a harmonic frequency spectrum.
       | 
       | When hearing a note that is not a sinus wave in the frequency
       | spectrum there are at least parts of the multiples of the base
       | frequency.
       | 
       | Since we do something like frequency analysis by detecting
       | periodicities our brain tries to determine a single pitch for the
       | signal, which it does by calculating the base frequency of
       | harmonic spectrum (this works even of only part of the harmonics
       | are availabe.).
       | 
       | In order to do that the processing needs to treat the base
       | frequency differently than the overtones.
       | 
       | Since overtones roughly correlate with western musical intervals
       | and we needed the processing to get extract them. We might have
       | gotten relative pitch perception and part od what is music as a
       | byproduct.
       | 
       | Anecdata for this: Try determining the existence and intervals of
       | notes when the higher note is an octave or an octave and a fifth
       | above the first one (1st and 2nd overtone). Depending on the
       | instrument this can be quite hard.
       | 
       | Disclaimer: These are my interpretations / theories, but since
       | I'm not working in this field, the literature might tell a
       | different story.
        
       | hkopp wrote:
       | Ich you are interested in that kind of stuff, you may want to
       | check out Rick Beato on Youtube:
       | https://www.youtube.com/c/RickBeato
       | 
       | I never expected that one could process music so effortlessly,
       | until I saw some of his videos. E.g., in some of his videos, he
       | listens to a melody once and can then immediately play it on
       | guitar or piano. If you want to dip your toes, I recommend
       | starting with videos of the "What makes this song great" series.
        
       | Grustaf wrote:
       | Without having read the link, one obvious answer is that colour
       | vision helps us tell what plants are ripe, but detecting absolute
       | frequencies probably has little survival value.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | A shared understanding of what colors are what helps us
         | communicate as well. Of course, some of that is reinforcing,
         | but I would never tell people I'm at the house where the
         | windchime rings about a middle C; but I would tell them I've
         | got a white fence and a red door.
        
       | chmod600 wrote:
       | A lot of optical illusions seem to play with relative color, so
       | are we really so good at identifying absolute color?
        
       | yesenadam wrote:
       | Musician with perfect pitch here, playing piano since 4. I find
       | it _so_ weird that most people don 't have perfect pitch! As if
       | you couldn't tell green from red or blue or yellow, despite
       | seeing them all your life.
       | 
       | Hearing music to me just is hearing the pitches of all the notes;
       | hearing a chord is hearing all the notes in it. I can see the
       | notes being played on a keyboard in my mind's eye, at the same
       | time I hear them. It's so weird to me that most jazz musicians
       | don't know the notes other people are playing like that! How they
       | manage so well that you can't tell they don't, I'm not sure. They
       | develop relative pitch I guess, being able to tell if a note is a
       | fifth or flat sixth or ninth etc distant from another. I don't
       | think I use relative pitch much, although hard to tell, as I just
       | know what the interval is.
       | 
       | Also I've noticed that sine waves are somewhat harder to
       | accurately hear the pitch of. I guess because a note from an
       | instrument or voice has a lot of overtones helping you. Like when
       | you recognize a friend, you don't just have one thing to go by,
       | you have their eyes, nose, mouth, hair, clothes, voice etc etc.
       | Apparently on traditional phone lines, they couldn't reproduce
       | the fundamental frequency of a low voice, and relied on the
       | illusion that if you hear all the overtones besides the
       | fundamental, you still hear the voice pitch as the fundamental
       | pitch. So then it's not surprising that a sine wave is harder to
       | hear.
        
         | fuzzfactor wrote:
         | >musicians don't know the notes other people are playing like
         | that! How they manage so well that you can't tell they don't,
         | I'm not sure.
         | 
         | Instrument familiarity can really help people overcome
         | different limitations.
         | 
         | Every instrument only has so many notes it can play.
         | 
         | There's a centuries-old Spanish guitar exercise for students
         | where every note (within reach) is played one at a time up the
         | neck on each string. Simple and not an actual _musical_
         | exercise.
         | 
         | It's expected to be performed starting with the earliest
         | beginners before they even have much musical material under
         | their belt to even practice or rehearse.
         | 
         | If you are not already playing every note of your instrument
         | every day, doing so will make you more familiar with all the
         | notes. This can be especially helpful for the notes you have
         | been missing.
         | 
         | They've been missing you.
        
       | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
       | We're _terrible_ at identifying colours, because colour is
       | context dependent. Which makes it easy to create colour illusions
       | like these:
       | 
       | http://brainden.com/color-illusions.htm
       | 
       | We don't have an absolute colour sense except under controlled
       | conditions.
       | 
       | No-compromise colour professionals - high-end graphic designers,
       | commercial photographers, photo libraries, printers and such -
       | minimise contextual distortions with highly accurate colour-
       | calibrated monitors set up in an environment with controlled
       | ambient lighting and a neutral (usually grey) wall colour.
        
       | swayvil wrote:
       | As for the "Why". Speaking as a guy who meditates.
       | 
       | We usually don't actually perceive stuff. Sights, sounds,
       | thoughts, smells.
       | 
       | What we perceive is a reaction to the actual perception. Or a
       | reaction to a reaction to a reaction. Down that chain a bit.
       | Ending, more or less, with an idea.
       | 
       | Those reactions are like a fog between you and the actual
       | perception.
       | 
       | When we concentrate, or meditate, or otherwise get a clearer,
       | closer look at the perception, we see it in an uncommon way.
       | 
       | We see the "truer" form. And much that was hidden becomes
       | evident.
       | 
       | This is the main power of the artist, musician, athlete,
       | scientist.
        
         | akomtu wrote:
         | There's no shortage of casually meditating "gurus" here who
         | confuse their opinion with wisdom. It would be more honest to
         | preface such "revelations" with a humble "such and such book
         | says that..."
        
       | TaupeRanger wrote:
       | The central point of the article (taken from the actual paper) is
       | based on a false assumption. We can easily differentiate between
       | the colors of the rainbow: ROYGBV. That is 6 colors. If you
       | divided the human auditory range into 6 parts and named them
       | (super low, low, mid low, mid high, high, super high), I think
       | you'd see very similar performance.
       | 
       | Further, the "FFR" they claim as a good predictor isn't even
       | _that_ good if you look at the numbers given in the paper.
        
       | watwut wrote:
       | Significant proportion of population is color blind to some
       | extend. The rest sux about identifying colors too, just somewhat
       | less.
        
       | twirlock wrote:
       | Perfect absolute pitch would not be convenient for certain types
       | of creativity, e.g. improv. It's not conducive to an
       | understanding of modality.
        
       | poetaster wrote:
       | No one has mentioned microtonak music. The breadth of perception
       | on the continuum becomes more similar between sight and sound
       | when you discriminate more. Think the carnatic system. Or Harry
       | Partch. Or the oud. Modal music in microtunings gets very
       | colourful.
        
       | lmilcin wrote:
       | We can't identify colors accurately either. As various
       | paradoxical pictures show. Color is something created inside our
       | brain using context information (additional information about the
       | scene).
       | 
       | Gray can become black or white depending on what is around, and
       | so other colors can change.
       | 
       | Photography is my hobby and I have a small project with idea of
       | making photos interesting solely by manipulating context to
       | change meaning of color in the photo.
        
       | flyingcircus3 wrote:
       | I've found that the only unteachable component of perfect pitch
       | is the ability to internalize music in tune. If you can do this,
       | you have perfect pitch. The ability to identify the note, or
       | intervals, or the components of chords is all done through
       | mnemonic devices.
        
       | pjdorrell wrote:
       | Some observations:
       | 
       | * The "raw" pitch information coming into our brains from our
       | ears is absolute.
       | 
       | * Sophisticated processing inside the brain is required to
       | calculate relative pitch.
       | 
       | * Although absolute pitch perception is considered a "musical"
       | skill, only relative pitch is relevant to the perception of the
       | musical quality of music.
       | 
       | Because of its rarity, absolute pitch perception is regarded as
       | an "amazing" skill.
       | 
       | But when you consider the technical aspects, the thing we should
       | be amazed by is relative pitch perception.
       | 
       | My conclusion would be that relative pitch perception exists
       | because it serves a critical biological function, and absolute
       | pitch perception is rare because it does not serve any critical
       | function.
       | 
       | It's also worth noting that we all have _some_ degree of absolute
       | pitch perception, but it is much less precise than our relative
       | pitch perception. And of course it is biologically relevant to
       | distinguish between, for example, a high-pitched scream and a
       | deep rumbling sound.
        
       | patrakov wrote:
       | The summary says that the timbre plays an important role in
       | recognizing the notes. I partially agree with this observation,
       | but on the piano, there might be something else than the timbre.
       | 
       | Some years ago, I played the "perfect pitch" flash game
       | (http://www.detrave.net/nblume/perfect-pitch/perfect-pitch.sw...
       | , still playable if you download the swf and then submit it to
       | https://ruffle.rs/demo/ as a local file). Even though I am not a
       | musician, I quickly learned to identify the notes on the medium
       | difficulty level, and often guessed the first note in the session
       | correctly. BUT, I did not only use the pitch to guess the note.
       | 
       | In that particular game, the pre-recorded sounds of the piano
       | notes show some non-even volume envelope, or some other way they
       | change their sound over time, unique for each note. So I learned
       | that a "meow-meow-meow" must be an E, and a note that acquires
       | some rattle at the end must be a D. I even reported that as a bug
       | - only to get an email that a piano does sound like that. Of
       | course this knowledge is useless for pure tones, or short-enough
       | notes that are not given a chance to "meow" or to rattle, or, in
       | fact, for anything else than this game.
        
       | psychometry wrote:
       | >They have argued consistently that perfect pitch is not a
       | dichotomous ability that people either have or do not have:
       | Instead, it may be better thought of as a continuous spectrum.
       | 
       | Yes, in more ways than is mentioned in an article.
       | 
       | I have no problem naming pitches (played on any instrument) for
       | notes around the middle third of the piano, but I'd be as
       | hopeless as anyone else for the most extreme notes.
       | 
       | I can immediately pick out two-note chords in my range, but three
       | or more notes requires I rely on a bit of thinking about relative
       | pitch and chord theory.
       | 
       | I can reliably tune an A440 to within 2 cents, but I doubt I
       | could get some other arbitrary note to within 20.
       | 
       | There are AP possessors out there, though, who do all of the
       | things I can't as effortlessly as I do the things I can. I've
       | seen demonstrations of true, "one-in-a-billion" savants doing
       | mind-boggling things like immediately naming every note in
       | bizarre 15-note chords.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | You are in much better shape than most mortals in this respect.
         | 
         | > I can reliably tune an A440 to within 2 cents, but I doubt I
         | could get some other arbitrary note to within 20.
         | 
         | But you can work your way up and down the keyboard from that
         | initial A440 to check how the other As are and then expand from
         | there until you have them all in tune. So you can't just pick a
         | random note and tune it but you can for instance use your one
         | reference to tune a whole keyboard eventually hitting on that
         | one random note and getting it to within some tolerance.
         | 
         | > I've seen demonstrations of true, "one-in-a-billion" savants
         | doing mind-boggling things like immediately naming every note
         | in bizarre 15-note chords
         | 
         | That's the kind of skill to be very jealous of, at the same
         | time these savants often seem to have to have given up
         | something else.
        
           | poetaster wrote:
           | The strings and reeds adapt more readily than more rigid
           | fixed intervals. but I keep everything out of tune. Piano is
           | always a bit flat. But for some middling g. And I double on
           | sax.
        
           | dhosek wrote:
           | The catch is that trying to tune a piano by ear gets really
           | tricky since your ear wants to tune intervals to integer
           | ratios of frequencies. It's really easy to tune a piano so
           | that it sounds good in C and then the further away from that
           | key you get, the worse the tuning gets. (I've encountered
           | twentieth-century pipe organs that aren't equally tempered--I
           | had been hired to play bass and guitar at a church once and
           | things were fine rehearsing with the piano, but in the
           | church, the guitar sounded horrid and I had to switch to
           | playing bass for all the songs that were accompanied on
           | organ.)
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | True, hence 'stretch' tuning and various other tunings. It
             | all depends on whether you want the piano to play 'period
             | correct', by itself in a solo concerto in together with
             | other instruments.
             | 
             | There are so many different tunings it is quite amazing.
             | 
             | A great piece of open source software for anybody that is
             | even remotely serious about this:
             | 
             | http://piano-tuner.org/
        
       | kqr wrote:
       | What fascinates me about this topic is that both "absolute pitch"
       | and "absolute colour recognition" is essentially cultural.
       | 
       | We are born with perfect pitch but lose it when we don't use it.
       | How our culture uses and names colour determines which we can
       | perceive absolutely.
       | 
       | The point is they're more similar than they seem.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | > We are born with perfect pitch
         | 
         | I know there are some studies on this but it's far from
         | conclusive enough to state this without any further qualifiers.
         | I suppose you are indirectly referring to the study referenced
         | in this article?
         | 
         | https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/feb/21/timradford
        
         | itronitron wrote:
         | There are also individual differences in how people perceive
         | color (not just how they label them), even among those who are
         | not color blind.
        
       | jancsika wrote:
       | > Hearing a musical note and naming it is beyond the listening
       | expertise of most people.
       | 
       | Isn't naming CSS colors also beyond the visual expertise of most
       | people?
       | 
       | Granted there are more CSS colors than there are keys on a piano.
       | 
       | Still-- give me a color scheme with 80 distinct colors and I'll
       | give you poor scores of test subjects.
        
       | dhosek wrote:
       | I had the "misfortune" of having a friend in high school who was
       | preternaturally gifted in being able to not only identify
       | pitches, but be able to pick out individual pitches in a complex
       | arrangement. One time, at band camp (no, _that_ time), he was
       | sitting at a table in the cafeteria with a pencil, pad of
       | manuscript paper and portable cassette deck. He was transcribing
       | the "Get Away" break from Chicago 's "Hard to Say I'm Sorry" by
       | playing a few seconds, writing down all the parts, and then
       | repeating the process.
       | 
       | My take away from this was that this was something that either
       | you could or couldn't do and there was no in-between.
       | 
       | Fast forward 18 years and I found myself doing transcriptions of
       | demos for a musical that a friend had written which was being
       | produced locally. I was spending about 8 hours a day on this 7
       | days a week, trying to stay ahead of the need for sheet music for
       | rehearsals.1 By the end of the process, I was transcribing
       | straight into Finale without first checking the notes with a
       | piano or guitar at hand. In the wake of that, I discovered that I
       | could correctly identify things like the chord sequence of a song
       | that I was writing that I had only ever heard in my head.
       | 
       | So, it is a learnable experience.
       | 
       | But not necessarily for everyone. Now that I'm older, I'm slowly
       | losing my hearing and will eventually have to have cochlear
       | implants. One of the things I've learned from this is that my
       | ability to hear pitches will be diminished with the CI. In
       | researching this and learning it, I've also found that tone
       | deafness as a real phenomenon exists in that for some people, the
       | hair cells in their inner ear are deficient for being able to
       | recognize pitches, although not as dramatically as is the case
       | with a CI.
       | 
       | ------
       | 
       | 1. For the final batch of songs, someone picked up printouts from
       | my apartment, took them to Office Depot to make copies and
       | brought them to the singers and accompanist waiting for the music
       | at rehearsal.
        
         | lhorie wrote:
         | > I could correctly identify things like the chord sequence of
         | a song
         | 
         | I've seen this being described as _relative pitch_ , which is
         | apparently a different skill than perfect pitch and easier to
         | acquire via practice.
        
         | slaymaker1907 wrote:
         | What you describe could be perfect relative or absolute pitch.
         | While it is generally not possible to learn perfect absolute
         | pitch, perfect relative pitch is completely learnable and if
         | done with a high degree of skill, is almost completely
         | indistinguishable from perfect absolute pitch. The reason it
         | becomes indistinguishable is because highly skilled musicians
         | are able to remember a reference pitch for a very long period
         | of time and thus turn the relative pitches into absolute ones.
         | 
         | In a lot of ways, perfect relative pitch is better than
         | absolute pitch because absolute pitch tends to go away as
         | people get older and because it works better in ensembles since
         | A is rarely exactly 440hz. In fact, historical Baroque
         | performances deliberately tune to a different pitch standard.
         | Another element is if you play an instrument like a wind
         | instrument or a violin, it is common to adjust pitches on
         | chords to get closer to pure chords (most commonly, major
         | thirds are lowered though that is not the only adjustment).
         | Absolute pitch can get in the way of these subtle adjustments
         | since it feels wrong.
        
           | tbihl wrote:
           | > because highly skilled musicians are able to remember a
           | reference pitch for a very long period of time.
           | 
           | Not just highly skilled ones. I just checked, and I still
           | have my A-flat 2 reference note that I've been carrying
           | around since 2013, having not used it for at least 5 years
           | and barely doing any singing/piano these days.
        
             | tstrimple wrote:
             | How do you know? I don't mean this in a challenging way.
             | Just that I'm completely ignorant to how one would even
             | test these things.
        
               | strogonoff wrote:
               | To test whether your memory of a pitch is correct, you
               | can just sing a note then listen to a reference sound in
               | close succession. Absolute pitch ability is not required
               | to tell whether pitches match.
        
               | jimmaswell wrote:
               | Can't you just listen to a song you know well in your
               | head, and be aware what the notes are?
        
               | alfonsodev wrote:
               | the reference note needs to be listened in your ear to
               | check wether the note you are imagining matches the
               | reality, if it does then you can confidently (if you have
               | trained it) find the intervals.
        
           | noduerme wrote:
           | Fascinating remark. I don't have perfect (abs) pitch and
           | never heard of the relative variety. But I grew up playing
           | piano, mostly on my own time, which means I'm extremely
           | comfortable playing anything I hear in C, and just slightly
           | slower at repeating things in A#. My brain has to transpose.
           | But now I play pedal steel slide, and I have a trick to
           | picking up any song quickly. I find the root chord of a song
           | and intentionally forget what it was... so I'm not playing in
           | F or A. I remap my brain at the start of that song to
           | _remember that tone as C_. And then I can find everything
           | without thinking about it. If I think  "where's the 7th of
           | C#" I'd have to do a few steps in my head. But once I've got
           | the hands synced with an artificial idea of "C" I know
           | exactly where my options are. So in a way it really may be
           | better than perfect pitch, because I can remap a song's scale
           | to a keyboard in my head and then strum one or two times
           | between songs and "remap" the "C". I realize that makes me
           | uh... hahah not Mozart. But it works to let me forget what
           | I'm playing and just play.
        
             | hashhar wrote:
             | This sounds very similar to how DAW (digital audio
             | workstation) software has features to "transpose" pitch.
             | You essentially just move one of the notes to where you
             | want it to be and all other notes get transposed relative
             | to it.
        
             | BeniBoy wrote:
             | Same experience here with a pedal steel. That's why I am
             | now pushing my bandmates to adopt the Nashville Notation
             | System which only deals in relative position of chords in
             | the scale[1].
             | 
             | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville_Number_System
        
               | noduerme wrote:
               | Hah! I love that there's another PSG player on HN who
               | gets this right away... that's awesome. I never heard of
               | this system specifically... I feel like a singer holding
               | up 3, 4 or 5 fingers has been the way I've been cued lots
               | of times to changes in a song I barely knew, without me
               | even thinking that was a system. I bet they didn't
               | either. Separately, I know zero music theory... but PSG
               | really was what let my brain get comfortable with a 3rd
               | of a 4th being a 6th that was two frets down from the 5th
               | of the root... I think probably engaging your knees and
               | ankles in reaching for the physical positions in time
               | builds almost like a muscle memory of the musical
               | relationships... like the kind of control you get driving
               | a manual car... but only if you already have the tones
               | you're looking for in your head, and you know where
               | you're going. PSG is the most mindbending realtime puzzle
               | to play... so it makes sense that players need tricks to
               | know where to go from a certain position (especially if
               | you find yourself stuck in one when you jump into a song)
        
           | cameronh90 wrote:
           | So if I hear the opening bar of either The Simpsons or
           | Futurama, I can absolutely tell if it's been pitch shifted,
           | even slightly. Some episodes of Futurama have a slightly sped
           | up opening theme to make up for the episode being a bit too
           | long.
           | 
           | This clearly requires the ability to distinguish absolute
           | pitch, but isn't this something most people could do?
        
             | shannifin wrote:
             | This supports the article's assessment that "it may be
             | better thought of as a continuous spectrum." Long term
             | memory for the key or opening note of a particular song
             | seems to be a more widespread skill than naming the pitch
             | class of a pitch without such context. From wikipedia:
             | "People who are not skilled singers will often sing popular
             | songs in the correct key, and can usually recognize when TV
             | themes have been shifted into the wrong key." https://en.wi
             | kipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_pitch#Pitch_memory_re...
             | 
             | See also: "The Levitin Effect"
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1CBPV1_uTI
        
             | gavinray wrote:
             | Time-stretching algorithms like Elastique/ZTX make up for
             | the change in time by compensating and keeping a neutral
             | pitch
             | 
             | AFAIK, in most audio/visual software tools used by
             | professionals, this is baked in and so you'd have to
             | purposefully pitch-shift it up and make it noticeable for
             | this to happen.
             | 
             | IE, when I mess around in REAPER, and my song is set to
             | 110BPM, listening to/dragging in a 170BPM loop keeps the
             | exact same pitch (nearly, it's quite amazing) as the
             | original it's just stretch/compressed to fit into 110BPM.
        
               | cameronh90 wrote:
               | While true, it is somewhat tangential to what I'm talking
               | about.
               | 
               | The Futurama theme was not pitch compensated when it was
               | stretched, perhaps as it's from 1999.
        
             | CheezeIt wrote:
             | Huh, I just tested out tThe Simpsons and yeah, I got the
             | key dead on.
        
               | jcheng wrote:
               | Wow!! I just tried it too and nailed it--I certainly
               | wasn't expecting that!
        
           | ThomPete wrote:
           | i don't think its possible at all to learn absolute pitch
           | after the age of 3.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | vdqtp3 wrote:
             | Do you have a source for that or any reason for picking 3
             | other than an arbitrary anecdotal choice?
        
               | CogniDizz wrote:
               | There is also the valproic acid study where the window of
               | the critical period appeared to be reopened in a two week
               | study of 24 adult individuals.
               | 
               | Valproic acid is used as an anticonvulsant and mood
               | stabilizer, thought to enhance brain plasticity, and
               | (unfortunately) can cause big problems in livers.
               | 
               | When there is greater understanding of the pathways
               | affected there could be safer options for re-entering the
               | critical period after the window has closed.
               | 
               | (edit: age of critical window discussed in the study here
               | - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnsys.2013
               | .0010...)
        
               | dsego wrote:
               | Probably Rick Beato.
        
               | khazhoux wrote:
               | Heh. You'll enjoy this:
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4fuXCBJLKc
        
               | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
               | It is possible, but it requires some native talent and a
               | painful amount of practice.
               | 
               | https://news.uchicago.edu/story/acquiring-perfect-pitch-
               | may-...
               | 
               | https://medium.com/@maxdeutsch/how-i-developed-perfect-
               | pitch...
        
               | benzible wrote:
               | Rick Beato disagrees, although he puts the limit at 6 yo,
               | not 3... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=816VLQNdPMM
        
             | The_rationalist wrote:
             | There's not a lot of things psychopharmacology can't do htt
             | ps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnsys.2013.0010..
             | .
        
           | jimhefferon wrote:
           | > perfect relative pitch is completely learnable
           | 
           | Can I ask how you recommend that a person do that?
        
             | Bud wrote:
             | The same way it's taught if you go to music school.
             | Practice. Have music played to you, and write it down.
             | Start with very short pitch sequences; this will require
             | you, of course, to learn to recognize intervals accurately.
             | Then move on to longer and more complex sequences. Lather,
             | rinse, repeat.
        
             | sharkjacobs wrote:
             | I used to have a music teacher who taught me to practice by
             | associating the openings of common songs with each interval
             | 
             | I've forgotten most of them now but the Jaws theme "duh-
             | duh-duh-duh" is a minor 2nd, Twinkle Twinkle little star is
             | a perfect 5th, and "my bon-" of My Bonnie Lies Over the
             | Ocean" is a major 6th
        
             | klodolph wrote:
             | Practice transcribing music. There are also simple ear
             | training applications you can get for your phone. Relative
             | pitch is a fairly simple concept, so there's a
             | proliferation of apps that teach it, at least to a basic
             | level.
             | 
             | It's also common to have a library of songs in your head
             | that start off with each interval. Everything from "Fur
             | Elise" for the minor second, to "Somewhere Over the
             | Rainbow" for an octave.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | I've put some links in a comment below to help with pitch
             | and interval training.
        
             | pvarangot wrote:
             | If a beginners point of view is useful, let me tell you I'm
             | using Ear Trainer on iOS and was using Complete Ear
             | Training on Android, I've only been doing it for like six
             | or eight months with a break in-between. I went from
             | nothing to being able to recognize m2, M2, m3, M3, P4 and
             | P5 upwards and I'm working on m3/M3 downwards and
             | harmonically now, usually with 85%/90% accuracy. I can also
             | tell major from minor 7th chords apart with like 70%
             | accuracy and tell the major and minor scale and their
             | pentatonics apart upwards and downwards with above 80%. All
             | this with different root notes, same root note is way
             | easier.
             | 
             | If you are interested in transcribing I would recommend a
             | teacher. My girlfriend can arrange live on piano and has
             | insanely good absolute pitch and she helped me on moments
             | of extreme confusion and frustration that I wouldn't have
             | gotten out of on my own. Also I have a tuner app on iOS
             | that plays a reference pitch and also tells you what
             | interval you sang, it's called TonalEnergy Tuner. I didn't
             | need to sing until I got into learning downwards intervals,
             | and I think I would never would be able to learn those
             | without being able to sing do re mi in tune. Singing for
             | some reason really helps you "imagine" and remember tunes.
             | 
             | On the same amount of time I am now very seldom but
             | sometimes able to transcribe very simple synth lead
             | melodies to my synthesizer, as I was also learning basic
             | sound design in parallel to this.
             | 
             | One year ago I didn't even know you could learn absolute
             | pitch as an adult, I'm 37. I'm completely mind blown by the
             | fact I learnt what I learnt so far and sometimes I just
             | don't believe it happened and am scared it will just like
             | completely go away or something because it's like a very
             | alien thing for me to be able to do. I don't even know what
             | my objective is but it's probably being able to musicalize
             | things in my mind and being able to jam with friends.
        
           | bitwize wrote:
           | I've been told I have fantastic relative pitch (but not
           | perfect pitch) and it's exactly as you describe. For me, it's
           | the theme to Super Mario Bros. I _know_ what that sounds like
           | in my head, and I know also that it 's in C major. Taking the
           | root of that will get me within epsilon of middle C, just
           | from my head (I can also take the E or G from the first six
           | notes), and then I can reckon whatever note I'm listening to
           | on the C scale. I suspect most instances of "perfect" pitch
           | are this skill, honed to a much greater degree.
        
             | nefitty wrote:
             | Oh wow. This is an amazing life hack. I can hear the SMB
             | song perfectly in my head, and now other sounds in my
             | environment are clearly falling on one side or the other of
             | that C. This is going to help a lot with my writing!
        
             | Akronymus wrote:
             | > I know what that sounds like in my head
             | 
             | as in you can replay the tune as a, well, tune?
             | 
             | For me, the "music" in my head is just my voice
             | approximating it.
        
             | khazhoux wrote:
             | Nice one. Somehow I've never chosen a C reference. That's a
             | good one.
             | 
             | I use the two intro notes to "Don't You Forget About Me"
             | for D, E.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | What an amazing story, and what a terrible thing to be losing
         | your hearing. I've heard some simulations of what the present
         | day cochlear implants sound like and while they are lightyears
         | ahead of what they used to be like (the original ones had only
         | very few channels) it is still way too little for the enjoyment
         | of music.
        
           | smegger001 wrote:
           | i wonder how long until they can match average default human
           | hearing? and if it would in principle be possible to exceed
           | it. i suppose that would depend on if the bottleneck is the
           | sensitivity of the cochlear nerve of the sensitivity of the
           | peripheral auditory system. If we were to exceed human
           | hearing would people then get implants without a medical
           | need?
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | That's a wild one, never even thought about that. Hearing
             | changes tremendously with age, sensitivity and range drop
             | perceptively between 'newborn' and as old as 16, and it
             | keeps on descending after that. This is mostly a function
             | of the various components of the cochlear channel getting
             | stiffer and less conductive to sound from outside, I'm not
             | sure to what extent bypassing that would allow you to
             | recover range but sensitivity seems to be a pretty clear
             | win already.
        
           | jbarham wrote:
           | I have a cochlear implant and strongly disagree that it
           | prevents me from enjoying music. So much so that I've taken
           | up piano lessons again after a break of 20+ years.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Oh that's great to hear. I'm slowly losing my hearing and
             | to know that there are solutions that work even with music
             | now is super good. Do you happen to know how many channels
             | your implant has and whether it has any particular tricks
             | up its sleeve? Maybe make & model?
        
               | jbarham wrote:
               | I have the Cochlear CI512 implant. Not sure how many
               | channels it has (14?), but IIRC at this point increasing
               | the number of channels doesn't have a significant
               | difference in outcomes. Implants are designed to be
               | simple and reliable so that they last for life. The real
               | smarts are in the external processor, which is custom
               | programmed or "mapped" for each recipient.
               | 
               | I recently upgraded to the Nucleus 7 processor, but it
               | sounds identical to my previous Nucleus 6 processor. Main
               | benefit is that the Nucleus 7 is smaller and lighter and
               | the batteries last longer.
               | 
               | Keep in mind though that cochlear implants are generally
               | a last resort since implanting them will usually remove
               | any residual hearing you might have left. AFAIK your ear
               | has to be "profoundly" or totally deaf before doctors
               | will recommend implant surgery. Preferred treatment is to
               | augment whatever hearing you still have with hearing aids
               | before recommending implants. In my case my left ear is
               | almost normal up to 1500Hz so it has a hearing aid that
               | does some frequency transposition for higher frequencies.
               | Implant is in my right ear which was almost totally deaf.
               | 
               | Hope that helps.
        
         | jeffwass wrote:
         | Thanks for this information, I've been recently going through
         | some jazz solos transcribed by other people and amazed what
         | they are able to pick out.
         | 
         | Regarding your deafness - mind if I ask how you listen to music
         | now and what you will do after your cochlear implantation ?
         | 
         | Also which implant model do you feel is best for music
         | listenability?
         | 
         | My daughter is deaf and recently had her CI surgery. She is
         | very musical, loves singing, dancing, etc. She's still getting
         | used to the new way of listening post-implantation.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | davidjade wrote:
         | I can relate to this as something I never thought possible
         | either, yet in a pretty short time (one hour a week for ~1yr)
         | I've made progress that almost feels magical.
         | 
         | I've studied piano as an adult for about 5-6 years (with some
         | prior music education as a child) but never had a solid
         | grounding in music theory and could not transcribe anything out
         | of thin air at all.
         | 
         | For the last year or so, I've added ear training and the
         | results have been beyond anything I ever expected. It's hard
         | work and absolutely takes a good teacher to collaborate with
         | who can identify your weaknesses and drill you past them.
         | 
         | Now I can identify chords, their inversions (by function - not
         | absolute) and transcribe melodies and more complex rhythms.
         | It's all relative pitch and not absolute pitch but still it
         | feel magical to do it - like a sixth sense when it just clicks.
         | It absolutely can be a learned skill.
         | 
         | Here's the set of books we use and despite the child-like book
         | covers they are anything but that.
         | 
         | https://www.alfred.com/alfreds-basic-piano-library-ear-train...
         | 
         | There are 5 books in the series.
        
         | asimpletune wrote:
         | That's super interesting, thanks for sharing. I grew up in a
         | very musical household and absorbed a lot from being around
         | that all the time. One thing I noticed is that it was always
         | people who didn't really put any time into music that would
         | talk about perfect pitch as if it was some kind of genetic
         | gift, and it never really squared with the reality that I
         | perceived. Think tiger parents who want to brag about how their
         | kids have perfect pitch or something. On the other hand, people
         | who played very well really don't even mention it, because it's
         | just something you pick up over time. Maybe it's not 100%
         | accurate but yeah you get pretty close when you do music stuff
         | all the time.
         | 
         | Basically two camps of people. The "perfect pitch" people who
         | were obsessed with the prestige of it, and then the people who
         | just do a lot of music, who don't really make a fuss over it.
         | 
         | In general, I would say that people who don't really do music
         | are always the ones who dramatically over emphasize innate
         | musical talent, at a technical level, but they're almost always
         | the least qualified people to make those assessments. The truth
         | is there is such thing as a knack for music, but it doesn't
         | really make all that much of a difference in the end, after
         | practice. Much more important are sort of qualitative things
         | that are hard too develop, like good taste. If anything, the
         | real "gift" is simply enjoying to make music. When you have
         | that, improving isn't hard because it's fun, and you can do it
         | in whatever aspect you please.
         | 
         | And yeah, the part in the article about the timbre of the piano
         | is 100% spot on. I think that plays a huge role in like the
         | _character_ of the sound.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | This is spot on, perfect pitch is something that parents like
           | to brag about. My son Luca is pretty good with picking out
           | polyphonic tunes by ear and more than one person has asked if
           | he has 'perfect pitch' and they are always surprised when I
           | say I don't really care all that much whether he does or not
           | because either he does or he doesn't and what matters most is
           | that he has fun making music (which he does).
           | 
           | There is a similar thing about music theory where people from
           | the IT side tend to approach music as though it is something
           | you cram some theory for and then you can go and make it
           | after you pass your exam. Musicians don't usually care all
           | that much about a particular piece of theory until they need
           | it and then it just gets added to the pile. Other than that
           | they are mostly concerned with making music, not with the
           | theory behind it.
        
             | zoomablemind wrote:
             | > ...There is a similar thing about music theory where
             | people from the IT side tend to approach music as though it
             | is something you cram some theory for and then you can go
             | and make it after you pass your exam...
             | 
             | Theory offers some shortcuts, like circle of fifth, chords,
             | composition, rhythmic patterns etc. which one could of
             | course discover personally, but if there's any focus on a
             | particular style of music, then there's a respective theory
             | package for learning that, just like with any craft.
             | 
             | In any way, practice and really doing it, while it's still
             | fun, makes the real difference!
             | 
             | Btw, perfect pitch is a nifty shortcut too. I can imagine
             | an excitement of being able to read store signs easily for
             | the first time, it probably could be that liberating with
             | the perfect pitch (guessing here).
             | 
             | ...Just to eventually find oneself drowning in the sea of
             | meaningless text around our lives, just as a miriad of
             | music sources may turn into a meaningless yet pervasive
             | cacophony.
        
           | retsibsi wrote:
           | > The truth is there is such thing as a knack for music, but
           | it doesn't really make all that much of a difference in the
           | end, after practice.
           | 
           | The people you are comparing, though, are mostly people with
           | at least a moderate 'knack' for music; those without it are
           | unlikely ever to make it into the 'after practice' category,
           | because it will be too frustrating and unrewarding to
           | continue for the long haul.
           | 
           | > If anything, the real "gift" is simply enjoying to make
           | music. When you have that, improving isn't hard because it's
           | fun, and you can do it in whatever aspect you please.
           | 
           | I don't think this is necessarily very distinct from talent.
           | Skills that come relatively naturally to us are usually more
           | fun to practice than skills we can only make slow, halting,
           | unimpressive progress at.
        
         | ackbar03 wrote:
         | I'm quite jealous of people who have this skill. I played
         | saxophone for a school band part but they didn't really have
         | anything for saxophone at the time. The band captain took out a
         | pen and paper and scribbled something in like 10 minutes. I
         | thought that was pretty badass
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | I swear I've been handed sheet music that was produced like
         | this. However, there were some pretty obvious mistakes in it,
         | and we all had to scratch out and write in updated notes.
         | 
         | Even with updates, I was still impressed as the person doing
         | the transcribing was still more talented than I.
        
         | DennisP wrote:
         | Could you tell what key the song was in, without any sort of
         | reference tone? Or just name what note is being played, without
         | anything to compare it with?
        
       | jacquesm wrote:
       | I can 'recreate' any scale by starting from one memorized note
       | (middle C), but for the life of me I can't seem to reliably
       | detect intervals or in some conditions even whether one note is
       | higher or lower than another, let alone identify pitch of any
       | random note. So identification without some kind of extra
       | mechanism is magic to me. For instance, when re-creating some
       | tune whistling it is effortless, to do the same on the piano
       | takes a lot of fiddling and much more time. I hope to be able to
       | develop that skill because it would be very useful.
       | 
       | There are some interesting websites for this:
       | 
       | https://tonedear.com/ear-training/intervals
       | 
       | https://www.musictheory.net/exercises/ear-interval
        
         | a9h74j wrote:
         | Rick Beato on YT tells stories of musicians realizing that they
         | are losing their perfect pitch.
         | 
         | Have not looked at your links, but Beato stresses training
         | around recognizing intervals -- which sounds like an acquirable
         | skill.
        
           | slaymaker1907 wrote:
           | It's also really valuable to learn how to recognize chord
           | progressions relatively. I had an ear training class with a
           | bunch of people with absolute pitch and they were way slower
           | than me at transcribing chord progressions (without voicing).
           | They had to listen for each line and mentally reconstruct
           | what the chord was using theory while I had an intuitive
           | knowledge of a I-IV-V-I progression versus I-ii-V-I.
           | 
           | Being able to recognize chord progressions saves a lot of
           | work in transcription because unless the piece is doing
           | something weird, you can reconstruct the voicing or an
           | equivalent voicing pretty easily. For the weird stuff, you
           | just need to pick out a few elements and even then the rest
           | of it can usually be inferred.
        
           | slaymaker1907 wrote:
           | It's also really valuable to learn how to recognize chord
           | progressions relatively. I had an ear training class with a
           | bunch of people with absolute pitch and they were way slower
           | than me at transcribing chord progressions (without voicing).
           | They had to listen for each line and mentally reconstruct
           | what the chord was using theory while I had an intuitive
           | knowledge of a I-IV-V-I progression versus I-ii-V-I.
           | 
           | Being able to recognize chord progressions saves a lot of
           | work in transcription because unless the piece is doing
           | something weird, you can reconstruct the voicing or an
           | equivalent voicing pretty easily. For the weird stuff, you
           | just need to pick out a few elements and even then the rest
           | of it can usually be inferred.
        
           | leoc wrote:
           | Adam Neely also has a video about age-related degradation of
           | perfect pitch and about perfect pitch in general:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRaACa1Mrd4 .
           | 
           | Relative pitch is certainly learnable.
        
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