[HN Gopher] NYC major crime complaints fell when cops took a bre...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       NYC major crime complaints fell when cops took a break from
       'proactive policing'
        
       Author : spideymans
       Score  : 122 points
       Date   : 2021-08-30 21:20 UTC (1 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.latimes.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.latimes.com)
        
       | anigbrowl wrote:
       | (2017)
       | 
       | This is a good and interesting story but it's not new
       | information, nor does it seem to have been updated with more
       | recent data.
        
       | SubiculumCode wrote:
       | Tickets and such for minor violations, impounds, etc, all these
       | can represent a major financial hit to a struggling family or
       | young adult. I have worried for a long time that over-policing
       | causes more crime than it prevents, and it generates distrust of
       | the police as a group that is there to make your life trouble
       | rather than keep you safe. There is just an incredible amount of
       | research confirming that over-enforcement of petty infractions
       | accumulates into community economic hardship, crime, and
       | instability.
        
         | spideymans wrote:
         | >Tickets and such for minor violations, impounds, etc, all
         | these can represent a major financial hit to a struggling
         | family or young adult.
         | 
         | A very minor mistake - the kind of mistake I'm sure we've all
         | made at some point - can easily send the life of a poor person
         | spiralling out of control.
         | 
         | Get thrown in jail for a night, you could lose your job. If you
         | lose your job, you will miss rent. If you miss rent, the lack
         | of social safety net means you're essentially screwed. It's
         | even worse if you're find or a parent. It's no mystery why
         | people in this situation would turn to crime.
        
       | amatecha wrote:
       | https://archive.is/rrBsp
        
       | scythe wrote:
       | From the linked article:
       | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-017-0211-5
       | 
       | >In sharp contrast to this trend, evidence shows that _arrests by
       | the Detective Bureau increased significantly during the
       | slowdown_. This result is highly relevant to one of our
       | theoretical mechanisms, since the Detective Bureau is charged
       | with intensive investigations, rather than proactive policing.
       | Further confirming that the slowdown's effects were localized to
       | proactive policing, we find no evidence that 'Major crime
       | arrests' were significantly affected by the slowdown when we
       | condition our estimates on 'Major crime complaints'.
       | 
       | This paragraph appears to rule out many of the "armchair"
       | objections being raised in the comments. If it is a robust
       | finding, it would imply that some "proactive policing" arrests
       | are effectively a nuisance to prosecutors and detectives as they
       | work to combat severe criminality.
       | 
       | Nonetheless, I was surprised to see how much confidence the
       | authors report with such limited data. They are not shy about
       | saying "our results _imply_... " (cf. _suggest_ ) and go on to
       | assert the existence of a "vicious feedback between proactive
       | policing and major crime" It's one study, in one city, over a
       | brief time period. Further work is needed to see if the results
       | generalize.
        
       | exogeny wrote:
       | I've lived in a few different major cities and NYC for the last
       | decade, and I can definitely say I have never seen more broken,
       | ineffective policing than here. It's truly ridiculous. Your
       | experience, obviously, may vary.
       | 
       | Multiple instances of police openly threatening citizens. Phones
       | ripped out of hands and smashed onto the ground, for the mere
       | crime of filming an interaction. During the BLM protests, every
       | single act of instigation and provocation was started by the
       | police.
       | 
       | I don't know what the answer is. But it is very clear the police
       | here are a paramilitary jackboot squad, and that the city and the
       | strength of their union protects them. They have almost complete
       | impunity, and they see normal, everyday citizens as the enemy. I
       | fear that we're in for more trouble now that we've elected an ex-
       | cop Mayor of the city.
       | 
       | (For background, I'm a tall, white man. I can't imagine how bad
       | it would be if I wasn't.)
        
         | johnnyb9 wrote:
         | I have lived in NYC for 10+ years and I can't say I've had a
         | single encounter with the police.
        
           | dopamean wrote:
           | Lucky you.
        
         | sjm wrote:
         | Yeah it really feels like the NYPD has a lot of contempt for
         | the city they operate in, politically, socially, culturally. I
         | saw the same thing at every protest I attended -- when there
         | were no cops around, it was extremely peaceful. I only ever saw
         | it get ugly when cops were harassing people, pushing people
         | around, or trying to basically shut down protests by blocking
         | off surrounding streets and trying to close in on protesters.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _NYPD has a lot of contempt for the city they operate in_
           | 
           | A lot of New York cops live outside the areas they patrol.
           | The ones who live in the city are overrepresented on Staten
           | Island. That said, for every peaceful protest last summer
           | there were unprovoked nighttime riots which seemed to occur
           | more when the cops were somewhere else.
        
             | addicted wrote:
             | My sister lives on 6th Ave. cops would congregate right
             | outside her building before the protests so she could
             | observe the entire process.
             | 
             | The cops were deliberately ignoring the rioters while
             | strong arming the largely peaceful protestors.
             | 
             | She has videos of 50 cops standing while someone broke into
             | a store (by throwing a rock through the glass window),
             | picked up a POS system, and runs, with not a single cop
             | twitching, while just a few hours earlier you had their
             | lieutenant or whatever come kneel with the protesters and
             | as soon as the higher ups left, cops attack 100 lb women
             | from behind as they were walking away.
             | 
             | They were deliberately attacking peaceful protestors and
             | deliberately ignoring looters and rioters.
             | 
             | You could also see on the signal app which was tracking
             | these gangs of kids who were looting major stores like
             | Macy's, as well as protestors, and the cops were always
             | where the protestors were and never where the rioters, who
             | were only a few blocks behind, were.
             | 
             | It was a very blatant attempt by the NYPD to make the
             | protests appear violent by encouraging looting while
             | discouraging peaceful protesting.
        
         | akudha wrote:
         | I saw 5 or 6 cops tackle a drunk guy. He was so drunk, barely
         | able to stand, a 10 year old kid could've taken him down. The
         | amount of force used in the most trivial of cases blew my mind.
         | 
         | During the occupy wall street protests, I saw the cops a few
         | times (I was working in a nearby building). The amount of
         | serious gear they had, it was insane. I bet they are better
         | armed than most militaries.
         | 
         | All I can say is they are super scary.
        
           | mc32 wrote:
           | I've witnessed the same. Police responding with overwhelming
           | force. Unfortunately, we're not unarmed like in Japan (or
           | most of the UK), so there have been instances of police being
           | caught off-guard and killed for being too "chill" so by
           | policy they must respond with almost worse-case-scenario.
           | 
           | With that, I will say they need to learn how to use less than
           | lethal tactics and force to apprehend a violent person.
           | Firearms should be very the last resort as a result of non-
           | confrontation. In other words, the police at times provoke
           | more violence by the way they address an issue. A violent
           | drunk. Instead of getting up close so they lunge with a
           | knife, get far back, get people to move away and then corral
           | the drunk in or use alternate methods of subduction and use
           | lethal violence only when the perp makes it necessary.
        
         | achenatx wrote:
         | As people have done analysis of what percent of the time police
         | spend on various types of calls, it becomes clear that we only
         | need armed police for around 5%.
         | 
         | investigation, forensics, traffic control, etc etc dont need
         | weapons and tactical training. Let the armed police be like
         | fire fighters and be specifically called in when needed.
        
           | j_walter wrote:
           | That's not a fair analysis though. That's like saying EMTs
           | only need morphine around 5% of the time, so they shouldn't
           | have it in their ambulance. You don't know when you might
           | need it, so you carry it all the time.
        
           | rich_sasha wrote:
           | Police in the UK do not carry firearms, at all. Regular
           | police have a taser, there are also firearms units on call
           | when needed. This is an outlier even for Europe, where I
           | believe it is standard to carry a pistol.
           | 
           | This has some interesting consequences. The police
           | effectively can't position themselves in opposition to "the
           | people of the street". Two police officers against a rowdy
           | pub is poor chances for the law.
           | 
           | As a result, the training emphasises deescalation, talking
           | people down from stupid ideas etc. This part seems
           | particularly effective.
           | 
           | Most days I still think it's crazy the police here are
           | effectively unarmed, but it does seem to work.
        
             | whall6 wrote:
             | Aren't there like way more police per capita in the UK
             | though?
        
       | throwaway0a5e wrote:
       | This same effect has been seen in cities where the police go on
       | "strike" by not proactively enforcing all the petty crime laws
       | that the city makes money on, notably Baltimore.
        
       | nemo44x wrote:
       | Didn't "The Wire" already show this? The police decided not to
       | enforce any drug dealing related law so long as it was done in a
       | confined area. This not only made crime go "down" but also
       | resulted in less auxiliary crime since the market was safe and
       | plentiful and because dealers were not being taken out there
       | weren't turf wars for corners to sell on.
        
       | Rebelgecko wrote:
       | From the "correlation is not causation" school of thought, I
       | immediately had 3 thoughts:
       | 
       | 1. The # of phone calls to the police about a crime are not
       | necessarily indicative of how common that crime is. If people
       | think the police won't do anything, they're less likely to bother
       | calling (I see this often in my area with things like stolen
       | bikes and catalytic converters... people often don't bother
       | getting a police report unless their insurance requires it).
       | 
       | 2. Throughout the 2010s the crime rate trended downward
       | 
       | 3. Crime rates can have seasonal variations (but this can vary
       | based upon location and type of crime)
       | 
       | Skimming through the paper, #1 wasn't addressed at all.
       | 
       | For #2, the paper compared the 2015 data against 2014. I don't
       | think they did anything to compensate for annual trends in crime
       | rate. In other words, if the crime rate in Des Moines, Iowa
       | lowered at the same time, is that actually a ripple effect from
       | NYPD's actions? Or are both cities just part of a larger downward
       | trend that we saw coming out of the 2009 recession?
       | 
       | For #3, they actually took temperature and precipitation into
       | account which was cool.
        
         | SubiculumCode wrote:
         | Correlation is not causation, but there certainly is a lot of
         | evidence that causally links poverty with crime and drug-use,
         | and poverty from accumulating petty fines and late-fee
         | penalties. It seems to me the burden is on the broken-window
         | excuse of a hypothesis.
         | 
         | I've spent weeks in a middle-class community never seeing a
         | cop. Surprise surprise, the crime-rate is low...Yet I knew that
         | plenty of recreational drugs were flowing through this white-
         | middle class community...it was barely hidden. Meanwhile, in
         | poorer communities like where I grew up, police are everywhere
         | patrolling, waiting to harass anyone they don't like the look
         | of... hell I was interrogated for sitting in my front yard
         | once.
        
           | Stupulous wrote:
           | I don't think this works as a causal explanation. A decrease
           | in petty fines shouldn't be significant enough at changing
           | poverty to be reflected in crime rates in just a couple
           | months. You'd also expect a delay as the fines that would
           | otherwise be demanded in that time wouldn't be collected for
           | some months, I assume.
           | 
           | As an alternative, maybe people who are mistreated by police
           | become immediately more likely to commit crimes? Or maybe
           | police who would otherwise be doing proactive policing are
           | doing something more beneficial instead? Those are just
           | speculations, though.
        
           | spideymans wrote:
           | I've been blessed to run in many different social circles in
           | life. Poor black kids, incredibly wealthy white kids, I've
           | seen it all. My experience is completely in line with yours.
           | 
           | The wealthy white kids I was around were loaded with hard
           | drugs. Coke use was rampant. I could open random drawers at
           | my friends place and see bags of the stuff. Heck, some were
           | outright dealing the stuff.
           | 
           | Meanwhile my poorer black friends pretty much only smoked
           | weed, while occasionally dabbling in some other minor drugs
           | (mushrooms, MDMA, etc...).
           | 
           | Of course the only ones with stores of police harassment were
           | my poorer friends. My rich friends got away with anything
           | they wanted
        
         | syops wrote:
         | I haven't read the paper and by your admission you haven't
         | either. You skimmed it. Do you find it reasonable to believe
         | that you could come up with potential objections to the paper
         | that the authors didn't also think about?
         | 
         | You made a claim in #1 about the likelihood of people calling
         | police when they think police won't do anything about it. That
         | claim sounds plausible but is it correct? Do know of studies on
         | this?
         | 
         | If you, a non expert, can think immediately of three thoughts
         | then it seems highly likely the authors - who spent effort and
         | time on the topic - also thought about these same thoughts.
         | Maybe these things aren't addressed because it's obvious to
         | them that these aren't valid objections and it's obvious to
         | their target audience.
        
           | coryrc wrote:
           | I get my car broken into biyearly. After the first time, I
           | don't report because it's a waste of time. Same when bicycles
           | are stolen from my friends. I don't need a study to say the
           | sky is blue.
        
             | coryrc wrote:
             | But, I do have studies showing data is often made up or
             | cherry-picked. So when a study disagrees with what most of
             | us are experiencing, when cops have publicly announced they
             | won't investigate crimes because the prosecutor won't
             | prosecute, I'm going to need a lot more evidence that crime
             | is actually decreasing.
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replication_crisis
             | 
             | https://crosscut.com/2014/12/d-word-seattle-confronts-
             | dilemm...
        
               | syops wrote:
               | Here's an interesting Twitter thread that claims cops
               | commit orders of magnitude more physical assaults than
               | arrests for serious crimes. There is a possibility that
               | having fewer police leads to less violence in the
               | community.
               | 
               | https://twitter.com/equalityAlec/status/14301599025514455
               | 14
        
           | Rebelgecko wrote:
           | > You made a claim in #1 about the likelihood of people
           | calling police when they think police won't do anything about
           | it. That claim sounds plausible but is it correct? Do know of
           | studies on this?
           | 
           | There's a number of studies, some of them contradictory
           | (perhaps because they're looking at different populations of
           | people). Hagan et al[1] found that in urban African-American
           | communities, cynicism towards police and the legal system was
           | a major factor in whether or not someone called the police
           | after being a victim of a crime (in a way that is actually a
           | bit counterintuitive to me).
           | 
           | Anyways, I owe the authors an apology. I took another look at
           | the paper and noticed that they (sort of) addressed the issue
           | of under-reporting, as was mentioned in the article.
           | 
           | Tautologically, they point out that underreporting of the
           | crime rate doesn't impact the accuracy of statistics showing
           | that the number of reported crimes went down. However they do
           | admit that this makes it harder to make a causal link.
           | 
           | > Maybe these things aren't addressed because it's obvious to
           | them that these aren't valid objections and it's obvious to
           | their target audience.
           | 
           | That's an interesting point, and I suppose it's hard to say
           | without being an expert. OTOH, from talking to people I know
           | who have left academia[2], the 'publish or perish' mentality
           | makes it easier to put blinders on when faced with something
           | that's inconvenient.
           | 
           | [1]: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1722210115
           | 
           | [2]: Admittedly this is going to be a biased sample
        
             | syops wrote:
             | Pertaining to your last paragraph. I very much agree with
             | what you wrote. I think a better way to state my point is
             | this. I try to read academic papers with skepticism and
             | when I think of an obvious potential objection I think it
             | highly likely the authors are aware of this and didn't
             | address it because their knowledge of topic is such that
             | they know it's not really an objection. I then try to find
             | out whether or not my potential objection really is valid
             | or invalid. I assume the latter when I don't have more
             | information or the time to delve deeper into the topic.
             | 
             | Thanks for the link to the study.
        
         | newacct583 wrote:
         | Most of those same criticisms can be levied against the "broken
         | windows" theory on which the studied policy was based, though.
        
       | dirkg wrote:
       | Police in the US are thugs. They were created to protect property
       | of the rich, and have never been legally obligated to 'protect
       | and serve'. They steal more money than criminals in 'asset
       | seizure' which is legalized theft, murder more innocent people,
       | are literally above the law and cannot be punished thanks to
       | nonsense like 'qualified immunity', and yet are worshipped as
       | heroes, are always complaining and demanding more funds while
       | being completely ineffective and dangerous to people, and the
       | media perpetuates the 'risk their lives' myth.
        
       | cletus wrote:
       | So you need to look no further than NYC's gravity knife fiasco to
       | see what's wrong with politics and policing.
       | 
       | For reference, a "gravity knife" is something originally issued
       | to paratroopers. They could get stuck in trees and need to cut
       | themselves out of their chutes. They needed a knife they could
       | use with limited mobility. The traditional gravity knife had a
       | button that released the knife that fell into place and locked by
       | force of gravity.
       | 
       | These became popular later and evolved, most notably into the
       | spring-loaded switch blade. To combat this and crime in the 70s
       | and 80s, NYC clamped down on so-called gravity knives, which the
       | law defined as anything that could be opened with one hand.
       | 
       | This law was clearly abused. NYPD officers would forcefully try
       | and open a knife with one hand, claim it was a gravity knife and
       | the owner would be charged. With a prior arrest this may be
       | upsold to a felony.
       | 
       | This was such a problem for many professions that needed a knife
       | for their job, most notably stagehands on Broadway and
       | custodians. One custodian walking home at night ended up with a 5
       | year prison sentence with an upsold felony charge.
       | 
       | And of course minorities were overly targeted with this law.
       | 
       | Through the 2010s reform was repeatedly attempted. Twice this was
       | vetoed by Cuomo at the behest of the Manhattan DA. Cuomo at this
       | time I'm convinced still thought he could be president some day
       | (to be fair, he probably could still be if he switched parties
       | based on recent evidence) so courted the "law and order" crowd
       | and political support from the police unions (who opposed reform)
       | and the DA. Vague reasons were given for the veto.
       | 
       | Eventually this did pass but there still seems to be problems
       | with that.
       | 
       | So let's outline the problems here:
       | 
       | 1. A so-called Democratic governor choosing personal ambition
       | over targeted minorities;
       | 
       | 2. Arrest targets within the NYPD that drive police to meet those
       | targets;
       | 
       | 3. Police unions wanting more ways to randomly charge people for
       | doing their job just in case they wanted to; and
       | 
       | 4. Targeting of minorities, likely because they were poor (and
       | couldn't thus afford legal representation and were also more
       | likely to have a criminal record so the charges would stick).
       | 
       | For me I was glad to see Cuomo go but frankly I couldn't stand
       | the guy long before the sexual harassment allegations came to
       | light. It seems like every issue I looked into Cuomo landed on
       | the wrong side of it and personal political gain seemed to be the
       | reason. For example, NYC property tax reform and congestion
       | charging for private vehicles in Manhattan.
        
         | look_lookatme wrote:
         | An important addendum is that if you leave any part of the
         | knife exposed (such as knife on the inside of pocket, but clip
         | on the outside) that is considered "brandishing" and can
         | trigger a stop by the police. That's one of the ways they get
         | you.
         | 
         | When I lived there I switched to a Case folding knife so I
         | wouldn't accidentally run afoul of this law.
        
       | zone411 wrote:
       | A random paper on crime and policing from 2017 covering two
       | months in one city that shows a small difference in some types of
       | crimes (complaints of felony assault, burglary, grand larceny)
       | but not others (murder, rape, robbery, grand theft auto) and it's
       | on Hacker News? How? Looking at the graph of the period after
       | this slowdown, the crime also appears to be down year-over-year
       | by about the same amount as during the slowdown.
        
       | nanis wrote:
       | > The scientists found that civilian complaints of major crimes
       | dropped by about 3% to 6% during the slowdown.
       | 
       | 1. Why call the cops if you know they won't do anything?
       | 
       | 2. Relatedly, why "snitch" when you know there won't be any cops
       | around?
        
         | jstrH wrote:
         | Yeah exactly; the stats are made up since the state induces
         | snitching over petty nonsense to meet quotas, and earn trust of
         | snitches for the times they're actually useful.
         | 
         | Statistical achievement is a hollow basis for social
         | organization.
        
         | tus89 wrote:
         | what does the word proactive mean to you?
        
           | Aeolun wrote:
           | You arrest people before they can commit the offence.
           | 
           | I think there was a documentary about this a few years ago
           | called Minority Report.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | bkirwi wrote:
         | FWIW, this is addressed in the article and the paper it covers:
         | the slowdown involved reduced "proactive policing" --
         | "systematic and aggressive enforcement of low-level violations"
         | -- but the observed drop is in major crimes like burglary and
         | assault. The authors also do some work to control for the
         | overall crime reporting rate.
        
           | falcrist wrote:
           | I'm a bit confused... Everyone is assuming that the police
           | wouldn't respond to calls during this period, but the article
           | doesn't suggest that this was the case.
           | 
           | Even looking through articles in 2014 and 2015 doesn't
           | provide me with any evidence that police weren't showing up
           | to crime scenes... just that they weren't doing the
           | "proactive policing" thing.
           | 
           | Am I missing something here?
        
         | kevingadd wrote:
         | I think you'll find many residents of many cities will call the
         | cops even though they know the cops usually won't do anything.
        
           | treeman79 wrote:
           | Ages ago when I was a kid, our house was constantly being
           | robbed. No city police in a town of 50,000
           | 
           | County police who took an hour or more to show up finally
           | told my dad to get a gun and explained how we should move the
           | body to make it look like we were being attacked. So that we
           | didn't get arrested.
           | 
           | So yea we moved promptly.
        
             | WesolyKubeczek wrote:
             | And now I want a Youtube tutorial...
        
             | vimy wrote:
             | Why was there no police?
        
               | BitwiseFool wrote:
               | More importantly, why wasn't there a social worker to
               | show up first? /s
        
               | treeman79 wrote:
               | A few years some parents left their kid home alone while
               | on vacation.
               | 
               | Neighbors _knew_ family had gone vacation and saw
               | movement at night. Jumpy cop, dark house, sudden
               | movement, dead kid...
               | 
               | Family got big payout, City dismantled the police
               | department.
        
           | CobrastanJorji wrote:
           | Well, sure, because the insurance company's first question
           | will be "is there a police report."
        
             | whatgoodisaroad wrote:
             | A police report != a 911 call from a legal standpoint (to
             | my non lawyer knowledge).
        
               | vanattab wrote:
               | But it is the first step if you need a report written.
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | It really isn't. Where I am it is a form on a website.
        
               | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
               | You can walk to a station and do it in person. That won't
               | be logged in the 911 database.
        
               | nanis wrote:
               | I don't know anything about NYC, but, normally, a police
               | report actually involves the police writing down some
               | names. So, one lives in a high crime area and one notices
               | that the police are no longer around, one has strong
               | incentives not to go on the record about this or that
               | crime.
        
           | teawrecks wrote:
           | I think their point is that it could explain the 3-6% drop.
           | But yes, the other 94-97% of people still call.
        
         | temp8964 wrote:
         | The title suggests a causation on this 4.5% change?
         | 
         | Paywalled, I didn't read the article.
        
           | kevingadd wrote:
           | The article does say the study attempted to control for those
           | variables, yeah.
        
           | nanis wrote:
           | > "While we cannot entirely rule out the effects of under-
           | reporting," the authors wrote, "our results show that crime
           | complaints decreased, rather than increased, during a
           | slowdown in proactive policing, contrary to deterrence
           | theory."
           | 
           | Original research is here:
           | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-017-0211-5
           | 
           | Both authors are political scientists who are highly unlikely
           | to have a command of econometrics. I am not sure if they took
           | into account the panel nature of the data and in those
           | circumstances where authors focus solely on either the cross-
           | section or the time-series nature of the process, it is not
           | uncommon for "results" to be nonsense.
        
         | 5faulker wrote:
         | The apathy is real
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | pope_meat wrote:
       | Police are like hammers that see everything as nails.
       | 
       | It's just not working.
        
       | kevingadd wrote:
       | Good example of how sometimes a strategy you apply can prove
       | itself necessary but only because it's addressing a problem it
       | creates. Sometimes you have to just grit your teeth and try a new
       | approach to see if it's going to be an improvement
        
         | SubiculumCode wrote:
         | I'm not sure why you got the hammer, your comment is exactly
         | correct. Overpolice->More crime->Oh No we Need more
         | Policing->More Crime->...->...
        
       | nickff wrote:
       | > _" "While we cannot entirely rule out the effects of under-
       | reporting," the authors wrote, "our results show that crime
       | complaints decreased, rather than increased, during a slowdown in
       | proactive policing, contrary to deterrence theory.""_
       | 
       | > _" Each week during the slowdown saw civilians report an
       | estimated 43 fewer felony assaults, 40 fewer burglaries and 40
       | fewer acts of grand larceny. And this slight suppression of major
       | crime rates actually continued for seven to 14 weeks after those
       | drops in proactive policing -- which led the researchers to
       | estimate that overall, the slowdown resulted in about 2,100 fewer
       | major-crimes complaints."_
       | 
       | The fact that assaults, robberies, and burglaries aren't being
       | reported would seem to indicate that people just weren't
       | bothering to contact the police, because they knew the police
       | would not help. Murder, rape, and (hospital-reported) shooting
       | rates dropping would be more indicative that less policing would
       | reduce crime.
        
         | kevingadd wrote:
         | Are you suggesting rape and murder have the same causes as
         | assaults and burglaries? The article describes the claim that
         | "proactive policing" creates pressures that would lead to
         | (among other issues) assaults and robberies. Why would removing
         | those pressures reduce the frequency of rape?
        
           | nickff wrote:
           | I'm suggesting that assaults and burglaries tend to be under-
           | reported, and would be more 'marginalized' by under-policing.
           | I think the reporting rate for rape and murder is much higher
           | (and less variable) than those of burglary and assault.
        
             | ipaddr wrote:
             | I would suggest the other way around. Many women don't
             | report.
        
           | StanislavPetrov wrote:
           | >Are you suggesting rape and murder have the same causes as
           | assaults and burglaries?
           | 
           | They absolutely do - and the cause is having violent
           | criminals running loose on the streets. The overwhelming
           | majority of serious crime, from rape and murder to assault
           | and burglary is committed by an extremely small number of
           | people. When those people aren't removed from society after
           | committing crimes, they are out on the street committing
           | other crimes. As a resident of NY for over 4 decades I
           | haven't seen the situation this bad since the bad old days of
           | the 80s and 90s. The streets are littered with people booting
           | up on the sidewalks, in midtown, in broad daylight.
           | Aggressive "panhandlers" harass, threaten and assault
           | passersby without fear of reproach or arrest. The fact that
           | crimes are not being reported or prosecuted does not mean
           | that there has been a reduction of crime - quite the opposite
           | - which is abundantly apparent to anyone who lives here.
           | Since the "no bail" law was passed as well as laws preventing
           | people under 18 from being prosecuted as adults (among other
           | things), there has been a massive spike in crime. In years
           | passed, getting caught with an illegal gun, let alone using
           | it in a crime, would mean automatic jail time. Today, that
           | criminal is back out on the street in hours. There is a good
           | reason that New Yorkers rejected Bill Deblasio's buddies in
           | favor of former cop Eric Adams to be the next mayor - the
           | city is a disaster zone.
        
             | kevingadd wrote:
             | There are many sources to support a claim that most rapists
             | know their victims, rapes are not primarily committed by
             | "violent criminals running loose on the streets".
             | https://www.rainn.org/statistics/perpetrators-sexual-
             | violenc...
        
       | koolba wrote:
       | The only major crime statistic that I'll trust is the murder
       | rate. It's the only one that can't be faked. Petty crime goes
       | unreported. Arrest and conviction rates can be gamed. But you
       | can't hide people dying.
        
         | runnerup wrote:
         | Yes you can, just rule it a suicide or accident. I've seen a
         | likely murder in mountain view misclassified as a diabetes-
         | related accidental drowning.
        
           | MegaButts wrote:
           | Yeah, I've actually seen this happen enough times that I
           | believe it's more common than people think. I don't have
           | statistics, but I've noticed multiple people die under
           | mysterious circumstances (including a close friend) and they
           | were usually ruled a suicide, even when the family objected.
        
           | unethical_ban wrote:
           | Well, that's a "technically" while still missing the point.
           | It is much more difficult to meaningfully shift murder rate
           | numbers via mass mis-reporting, compared to other statistics.
        
           | co2benzoate wrote:
           | Have you considered getting in touch with an investigative
           | journalist?
        
           | bshep wrote:
           | Example: Where I grew up if you didnt die within 24hrs or
           | being shot it was not considered a murder, the gorvernment
           | changed the way the statistic measures murders many years ago
           | to lower the 'murder' rate.
           | 
           | Edit to add this link with the murder rates:
           | https://www.statista.com/statistics/984823/homicide-rate-
           | pue...
        
         | kevingadd wrote:
         | Sadly many parts of the US (and other countries) have been
         | hiding the death rate for our current pandemic with varying
         | degrees of success, it's quite possible to hide murders too.
         | You can disguise them as something else.
        
           | air7 wrote:
           | source?
        
             | dataflow wrote:
             | One example https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_COVID-19
             | _nursing_home...
        
               | coding123 wrote:
               | Wow, didn't hear about this til now.
        
           | ipaddr wrote:
           | Other places are adding deaths to the covid list.
        
         | kolbe wrote:
         | Even murder can be tricky because medical advancements or
         | hospital shutdowns can really impact the survival of severely
         | injured people
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | wnevets wrote:
         | >The only major crime statistic that I'll trust is the murder
         | rate. It's the only one that can't be faked.
         | 
         | It absolutely can and has been. [1]
         | 
         | > Photos of the teenager's corpse show a deep cut on his right
         | arm, horrific bruising on his neck and chest. His face is
         | swollen and covered with cuts. A silhouette of violence runs
         | from the corner of his left eye over the cheekbone to his jaw,
         | and his legs are pocked with small burns the size of a lighted
         | cigarette. But police in Japan's Aichi prefecture saw something
         | else when they looked at the body of Takashi Saito, a 17-year-
         | old sumo wrestler who arrived at a hospital in June. The cause
         | of death was "heart disease," police declared.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-nov-09-fg-
         | autop...
        
         | Avshalom wrote:
         | murders go unreported/recorded all the time "NHI" "accident"
         | "missing persons" and of course missing person implies there's
         | some one who knows/is-willing-to-report that your missing.
        
         | gervu wrote:
         | Yeah, like the cops have never gotten caught claiming someone
         | accidentally fell on 43 bullets before. Or like there haven't
         | been numerous cases of misattributing COVID deaths because they
         | were inconvenient for the genocidal robber nihilists we have
         | passing for a major political party. And that's just
         | malfeasance, there's plenty of just plain error involved.
         | 
         | Having a deaths count -- which itself _definitely_ has error
         | bars, otherwise what the heck are missing persons estimates --
         | doesn 't mean you have a correct attribution of those deaths.
         | Never trust data in the absence of auditing how it got there.
        
         | misiti3780 wrote:
         | Yep, I learned this from The Wire!
        
           | timy2shoes wrote:
           | Even the murder stats can be juked, like McNulty's arc in
           | season 5 or the bodies in the vacants.
        
         | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
         | Fortunately, murder is a rare occurrence - so only trusting
         | this isn't going to help much unless you live in a major US
         | city.
         | 
         | The murder rate in most areas of the US is under 5 in 100,000.
         | 
         | There's less than 50 police departments in the US where you can
         | expect even 50 murders per year. With numbers that small,
         | you'll run into a lot of noise.
        
           | retrac wrote:
           | We suffer this here. Toronto has roughly 40 - 80 murders each
           | year. So each year comes with helpful headlines informing us
           | the homicide rate has halved or doubled over the previous
           | year, often with some commentary about what this
           | regression/progression indicates for our society. If you
           | average over a few years, you find out it's basically flat.
        
             | topspin wrote:
             | Statistics Canada has the Toronto Metropolitan Area
             | averaging well over 100/year for the last 3 years:
             | 
             | https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=35100
             | 0...
        
               | spideymans wrote:
               | You're just talking about two different areas.
               | 
               | Your data is for the Greater Toronto Area. The commenter
               | above you was referring to the City if Toronto (which is
               | one of several municipalities in the Greater Toronto
               | Area).
        
             | FridayoLeary wrote:
             | "Murders up by 156%!!" (i.e. 20 more than last year)
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | pengaru wrote:
         | Murder stats only count the _found_ bodies, and even then as
         | others have stated the classification as murder vs. other
         | causes can and will be gamed.
        
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