[HN Gopher] Hurricane Ida could be close to Cat 4, dump up to 20...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Hurricane Ida could be close to Cat 4, dump up to 20" of rain in
       S.E. Louisiana
        
       Author : lsllc
       Score  : 116 points
       Date   : 2021-08-27 16:09 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nola.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nola.com)
        
       | nixpulvis wrote:
       | How does this 20" of rain compare to Katrina?
       | https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/3221
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | I don't know but the scale of that viz only goes to 80mm, which
         | is only 3 inches.
         | 
         | The forecast for the river in New Orleans suggest no flooding
         | this week.
         | 
         | https://water.weather.gov/ahps2/hydrograph.php?wfo=lix&gage=...
        
         | dredmorbius wrote:
         | Hurricane Katrina saw 15" of rain over New Orleans in 2005,
         | though a higher storm surge was measured (14') than what is
         | predicted for Ida (7--11').
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina
         | 
         | http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL122005_Katrina.pdf [pdf]
         | 
         | There are multiple factors that come into play.
         | 
         | There's storm surge and tides. Tides around Morgan City are
         | pretty modest (less than 1/2 foot / 15cm total range), _and
         | will be low as the storm arrives_. Storm surge forcast is 7-11
         | ft per NOAA. Given the extreme low-lying land, that 's
         | significant. I don't have comparative numbers for Katrina
         | offhand.
         | 
         | The total rainfall amount is one. The period of time over which
         | it falls, _and where the storm goes afterward_ are also
         | critical. Ida looks to be slow-moving, and is presently slated
         | to track pretty much directly up the Mississippi river, then
         | over the Ohio River Valley.
         | 
         | That means there's going to be heavy river flow coming
         | downstream possibly for several weeks after the storm itself
         | passes. I'd predicted and observed a similar trend when
         | Hurricane Florence hit Wilmington, NC, in 2018, and upstream-
         | based water flows contributed to flooding, and issues such as
         | hog farm sludge empoundments (basically: pig shit lakes) in the
         | region. For Louisiana, the concern is probably more petroleum
         | refining and chemical plants.
         | 
         | Note that Florence hung around for _days_. Ida looks as if it
         | will stick around Southern Louisiana for about 18 hours, then
         | start accelerating to the NNE, though remaining over the
         | drainage baisin feeding into New Orleans.
        
       | cryptoz wrote:
       | I am collecting data on this storm using barometers in Android
       | devices with All Clear Weather:
       | 
       | https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.allclearwe...
       | 
       | If you want to join, you can download the app and go to
       | Settings->Sensors to enable.
       | 
       | Here's an animation I made of Hurricane Dorian a couple years ago
       | as it approached the coast of Florida:
       | https://www.allclearweather.com/hurricane-dorian
       | 
       | And of course, there are recent scientific papers showing that
       | this kind of data (barometric pressure from phones) could be
       | useful in general weather forecasting to improve accuracy:
       | 
       | Smartphone Pressure Collection and Bias Correction Using Machine
       | Learning:
       | https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/JTECH-D-17-009...
       | 
       | Impacts of Assimilating Smartphone Pressure Observations on
       | Forecast Skill during Two Case Studies in the Pacific Northwest:
       | https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/WAF-D-18-0085....
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | MisterBastahrd wrote:
       | There's nothing to be happy about when a hurricane is bearing
       | down on you, and it's worse when you're caught on the east side
       | of the storm with heavy rains because the winds blow counter
       | clockwise, meaning that rivers and streams and lakes that open or
       | drain into the Gulf of Mexico will pile up and keep getting
       | higher as long as the story is over the area. Southeast Louisiana
       | can take 20 inches of rain over a few days, but not when there's
       | no place for the water to go.
        
       | WaltPurvis wrote:
       | The National Hurricane Center has updated the forecast for Ida
       | and now calls for it to be a 140 MPH Cat 4 (or greater) at
       | landfall. The previous forecast had Ida topping out as a 120 MPH
       | Cat 3. Storm surge of 10 to 15 feet above ground level will
       | impact a broad area.
       | 
       | https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/text/refresh/MIATCDAT4+shtml/271449...
        
         | selimthegrim wrote:
         | Well I hope the trucker motels in West Memphis aren't full.
        
       | Althuns wrote:
       | There's still flooding from last week's storm in TN...
        
         | h2odragon wrote:
         | They found the last person yesterday:
         | https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/fema-administrator-tours...
         | 
         | The word is that the railroad embankment acted as a temporary
         | levee and stored a large charge of water up, until it failed.
         | Then this impromptu lake charged right through town. It's usual
         | for that are to flood, this was just a _lot_ more water all at
         | one time than usual.
         | 
         | There were pictures of cars filled with gravel; and that rail
         | berm blown completely out, tracks dangling.
        
       | taylorlapeyre wrote:
       | What some might not know is that New Orleans is currently
       | extremely unprepared for a major hurricane. Some water pumps are
       | offline, and the city is currently in the middle of a huge amount
       | of road and infrastructure work. Flooding will likely be much
       | worse for this storm than normal.
       | 
       | If you're in New Orleans, I recommend considering an evacuation
       | if you have somewhere to go.
        
         | nxpnsv wrote:
         | Naive question: Isn't it possible to plan those things when
         | it's not hurricane season?
        
           | R0b0t1 wrote:
           | Not-hurricane season is the winter, difficult for
           | construction, though I don't know exactly about that far
           | south.
        
             | dredmorbius wrote:
             | "Not-hurricane" season extends from November through May,
             | and potentially into June, in terms of low likelihoods of
             | storms. As others note, Louisiana winters are exceptionally
             | mild, and are generally _preferable_ to summers for outdoor
             | activity.
             | 
             | Late August / early September, by marked contrast, is
             | _peak_ hurricane season.
        
             | beerandt wrote:
             | Winter is the wetter season.
             | 
             | Which most people don't realize, because it also rains so
             | much in the summer. But it's so hot in the summer, that
             | evaporation out paces the rain.
             | 
             | The driest months are Sept-Oct, which is peak hurricane
             | season.
        
             | btbuildem wrote:
             | Winter in Louisiana is nice and balmy, we northerners would
             | not call that winter. Above freezing, no snow. Much better
             | conditions for manual labour than the summer there tbh.
        
               | R0b0t1 wrote:
               | Ok, fair enough. A lot of civil planning uses really long
               | tail distributions for temp and so on, so I still wonder
               | when stuff is schedulable.
        
           | egypturnash wrote:
           | Hahahaha no, the pumps are barely at capacity for a storm
           | right now because half of them are like 100 years old and
           | take a really weird voltage that can only be supplied by the
           | Sewerage & Water Board's generators. One of which has been
           | waiting on repairs since like last summer. I can't recall the
           | exact reasons it's taking so long, I know it's a combination
           | of "barely anyone even knows how to make the replacement
           | part", "city's broke", and _waves vaguely at all the supply
           | chain mess caused by covid_.
           | 
           | (One of our major industries is tourism, though a lot of that
           | money gets siphoned off to the pockets of the tourist board.
           | Mardi Gras 2020 was the last gasp of that before covid. We
           | normally have a shit-ton of festivals all year round that
           | draw people in to spend money. They've all been cancelled.)
           | 
           | And the roads are _always_ sinking, the city 's built on
           | swamp. There will never be a time where the roads (or
           | something under them) do not need maintenance. I'm sure the
           | money crunch ain't helping that get done in a sane timeframe
           | either. Also "hurricane season" is like half the year
           | normally, and the past several years have had it well
           | underway in the preceding month.
        
             | beerandt wrote:
             | >really weird voltage
             | 
             | No- voltage would be easy to change with a transformer.
             | 
             | It's that many pumps run on 25hz, not the 60hz of the power
             | grid.
             | 
             | They have to change frequencies via mechanical methods
             | (motor-gearing-generator) or generate their own power via
             | on-site turbines.
        
             | selimthegrim wrote:
             | They wanted to make sure the FEMA money wasn't stolen. I
             | don't blame them.
        
           | sschueller wrote:
           | Yes, just how you plan construction on existing
           | infrastructure that can't be "turned off". You should at
           | least not make what exists worse.
        
         | nolaspring wrote:
         | I live in a part of town affected by one of the pump outages.
         | In any other city in the country this would be shocking and
         | whatnot. Here it's an opportunity to lampoon the local
         | government because that's all we have.
        
           | koheripbal wrote:
           | It's also just false outrage generated by media that wants to
           | shock readers.
           | 
           | The reality is that, from the article...
           | 
           | >Other nearby stations are expected to have enough capacity
           | to pick up the slack
           | 
           | At the individual pump level...
           | 
           | > 96 out of the S&WB's 99 main drainage pumps are ready for
           | Ida.
        
         | siruncledrew wrote:
         | I'd imagine being prepared will be harder and harder to do each
         | year as climate change means longer/worse hurricane seasons.
         | 
         | The reality is there will always be rain/winds/damage from
         | hurricanes, but how is a place supposed to be ready for another
         | Katrina every couple years now?
         | 
         | It sounds like a constant state of disaster-rebuilding-
         | disaster-rebuilding...
        
           | ctoth wrote:
           | Crazy idea: instead of rebuilding, move. If this is happening
           | every 15 years, maybe that's a message that we should be
           | listening to. Somebody else said that if we evacuated every
           | time a hurricane threatened, we'd be evacuated half the year.
           | Sounds half right!
        
           | koheripbal wrote:
           | Why? The pumps are not used a majority of the time. They are
           | only needed when it rains.
           | 
           | They are _usually_ not working, so maintenance should be
           | easy.
           | 
           | ...which it is because 96 of the 99 pumps are currently
           | operational.
        
         | acchow wrote:
         | > Some water pumps are offline, and the city is currently in
         | the middle of a huge amount of road and infrastructure work.
         | 
         | Why?
        
           | whymauri wrote:
           | Some context: https://www.nola.com/news/hurricane/article_2f5
           | 08a9e-06b8-11...
           | 
           | Sounds like turbine failures?
        
             | nolaspring wrote:
             | Turbine failures, lack of redundancy, 100 year old
             | equipment with no supply chain.
        
         | selimthegrim wrote:
         | Most people I know here are staying at present. If it is Cat 4+
         | that might change.
        
           | whymauri wrote:
           | damn, Cat 3 is enough to make South Floridians evac north and
           | that doesn't cause nearly as much flooding as places like New
           | Orleans or TX. They really should evac...
        
           | AdamN wrote:
           | This is what I hate about the category system - it's entirely
           | wind based and while that's important, rainfall and direction
           | of wind (for coasts) is what's most important. Cat 2 can be
           | worse than Cat5 also because they move slower so more inches
           | of rain per hour.
        
             | interestica wrote:
             | Interestingly, the Enhanced Fujita scale (EF) used for
             | tornadoes takes into account damage as well as wind speed.
             | Maybe something like that would be more appropriate for
             | hurricanes. An 'enhanced' saffir-simpson scale?
             | 
             | https://www.weather.gov/oun/efscale
        
         | ddoolin wrote:
         | New Orleans is almost below sea level. I'm not sure how much
         | good all the preparation would do even if it did get done.
        
           | selectodude wrote:
           | Most of New Orleans is literally below sea level.
        
           | koheripbal wrote:
           | Ask the Netherlands that question.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | egypturnash wrote:
           | Ain't no "almost" about it, most of the city's like 5' below.
           | It's still been there for more than 300 years. The effort put
           | into levees and pumps has been heroic.
        
             | selimthegrim wrote:
             | The levees are sinking too.
        
               | egypturnash wrote:
               | _everything 's_ sinking
        
         | samstave wrote:
         | You know what's fucked up; the USA.
         | 
         | Recall the student that built a detailed map of critical telco
         | infra and was censured by the Gov because it contained "secret"
         | infa info even though it was all from public record.
         | 
         | Infra is a joke in the US. Pay attention to whom the funds go
         | from the infra bill...
         | 
         | Especially on the micro level: recall that MANY Congress
         | officials wives created LLCs during the TARP 2008 "bailout" to
         | receive funds with no consequence.
         | 
         | We are seeing the same.
         | 
         | We need a live update on budget appropriations
        
           | samstave wrote:
           | Love the downvotes, either by compliant or other:
           | 
           | Senators wives were caught creating LLC "foundations" to
           | funnel money from the bailouts to their fake orgs.
           | 
           | It happens, does happen and will continue to happen.
        
             | Clubber wrote:
             | Vote out the incumbent every time is the only strategy I
             | can think of. If you vote in an honest person, which is
             | unlikely, the system will likely corrupt them after a year
             | or two.
        
             | meowster wrote:
             | It's off-topic, and complaining about votes is against the
             | HN guidelines.
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
               | samstave wrote:
               | Seriously, get lost...
               | 
               | You've been on HN for 10 months... I've been here 15
               | YEARS... I KNOW How this forum works... dang can damn me
               | if he so chooses..
        
         | exegete wrote:
         | Here's a link regarding the pump outages
         | https://www.nola.com/news/hurricane/article_2f508a9e-06b8-11...
        
           | koheripbal wrote:
           | > Other nearby stations are expected to have enough capacity
           | to pick up the slack
           | 
           | This post seems like fearmongering. Out of 24 pumping
           | station, one is out, two are at partial capacity, and the
           | other 21 are working at full capacity.
           | 
           | At the individual pump level...
           | 
           | > 96 out of the S&WB's 99 main drainage pumps are ready for
           | Ida.
        
         | da_chicken wrote:
         | > _What some might not know is that New Orleans is currently
         | extremely unprepared for a major hurricane._
         | 
         | Honestly, I think it's a little incredible that someone might
         | think they _would_ be prepared. The city was woefully
         | unprepared for Katrina, and the only cities I can think of that
         | might have a more robust history of political corruption and
         | wasted tax dollars are Chicago and Washington, D.C.. Of course
         | nothing has changed and they 're entirely unprepared for a
         | hurricane.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | You know, I have some hope. The Army Corps of Engineers is
           | not what I would call a politically charged area of the
           | government, and the costs, while substantial, are manageable
           | for the work that needed to be done.
           | 
           | https://www.mvn.usace.army.mil/Portals/56/docs/PAO/Brochures.
           | ..
           | 
           | "Following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005, the U.S. Army
           | Corps of Engineers was authorized and funded to design and
           | construct the Hurricane and Storm Damage Risk Reduction
           | System for southeast Louisiana. The Corps strengthened and
           | improved virtually all of the levees, floodwalls, pump
           | stations and surge barriers that form the 133-mile Greater
           | New Orleans perimeter system. The system that is in place now
           | is stronger and more resilient than it has ever been in the
           | area's history. The new system is capable of defending
           | against a 100-year level storm."
           | 
           | "The Hurricane and Storm Damage Risk Reduction System
           | (HSDRRS) is fully funded at $14.45 B."
           | 
           | "Risk cannot totally be eliminated; everyone shares
           | responsibility for buying down risk through insurance, zoning
           | and building codes, coastal protection and restoration, and
           | complying with mandatory evacuations." My emphasis on this
           | last statement from the pamphlet I reference. Everyone is
           | responsible for working together to derisk.
           | 
           | Lets see what that money bought.
        
             | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
             | The Katrina scenario was predicted years in advance and
             | nobody did anything to protect the city.
        
             | joecool1029 wrote:
             | Just a few days ago I went to Bound Brook, NJ as the river
             | crested the highest it's been since 2005, at around 30.5ft
             | on the gauges. This would have previously left most of the
             | town, including its main street underwater as it famously
             | did during hurricane Floyd. However this time it was
             | totally dry due to improvements the Army Corps of Engineers
             | completed in 2012. https://www.nan.usace.army.mil/Portals/3
             | 7/docs/civilworks/pr...
        
               | grepfru_it wrote:
               | I have photos from 1999 when all of bound brook and part
               | of somerset was underwater. I was shocked how they
               | completely absorbed the recent storm.
               | 
               | Also glad to see central NJ represented on HN!
        
           | vkou wrote:
           | The problem with being prepared for tropical storms in the
           | gulf is that it takes a few days to get prepared, get people
           | evacuated... But 'a few days' isn't enough time for hurricane
           | forecasters to reliably predict where a storm will make
           | landfall, and how strong that storm is going to be.
           | (Sheltering in place against a small storm, that your
           | infrastructure is built to handle is the correct play.)
           | 
           | Not to downplay the corruption problem, but if the gulf
           | states prepared for every incoming storm, they'd be in a
           | constant state of evacuation, and nobody would get anything
           | done during hurricane season.
           | 
           | Oh, and evacuations kill people in themselves (Car accidents,
           | the sick and infirm, etc, etc). Do too many false alarm
           | evacuations, and you'll kill more people than the storms
           | would have.
        
             | tacocataco wrote:
             | If there is so much uncertainty in living there, why do
             | people keep rebuilding in the same spot?
        
               | jacobr1 wrote:
               | National Flood Insurance Program and other subsidies.
               | 
               | Private insurance rates should increase and drive out
               | residents. Business losses should drive out both business
               | and residents.
               | 
               | Without subsidies, I suspect the market would increase
               | the COL such that it would lower the population.
        
             | Clubber wrote:
             | >Oh, and evacuations kill people in themselves (Car
             | accidents, the sick and infirm, etc, etc). Do too many
             | false alarm evacuations, and you'll kill more people than
             | the storms would have.
             | 
             | I can vouch for this. Deadlocked roads with cars with
             | nowhere to go in the middle of summer heat for hours or
             | even days on end. Limited gas, limited food and water, no
             | proper medical care. Not a safe environment. Evacuations
             | aren't in any way risk free.
             | 
             | https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270472303_Deaths_r
             | e...
             | 
             |  _There were 111 deaths related to Hurricane Rita in the
             | state of Texas. The three direct deaths were from wind
             | blown trees. A majority of the deaths (90 /108 or 83.3%)
             | were related to the mass evacuation process._
        
           | taylorlapeyre wrote:
           | I think this is a little bit unfair. New Orleans has an
           | incredible amount of infrastructure to prevent flooding
           | compared to pretty much any other coastal city. Spillways,
           | levees, giant pumps, etc. Even if it fails, you can't really
           | claim that they are "entirely unprepared for a hurricane". At
           | this particular moment, though, some of that infrastructure
           | is weaker than normal.
           | 
           | They definitely have corrupt politicians though, no doubt
           | about that.
        
             | MisterBastahrd wrote:
             | Most of New Orleans can happily drain what would put
             | Houston under 6 feet of water.
             | 
             | And no amount of drainage can do much when you are on the
             | east side of a powerful storm. You can have pipes from here
             | to the moon but there's nowhere for that water to go. Storm
             | surge is concerning to the people in the know for a reason.
        
               | taylorlapeyre wrote:
               | I lived in New Orleans for 24 years and personally went
               | through Katrina - so I actually consider one of the
               | people in the know. I still think New Orleans has done
               | its share of preparation. Enough? Not sure. But it's not
               | like New Orleans is ignorant of how to prepare their city
               | for a hurricane.
        
               | MisterBastahrd wrote:
               | Yeah, I spent my birthday sleeping in a neighbor's gun
               | closet after Katrina because he had AC in his apartment
               | above his garage. LOL.
        
               | jandrese wrote:
               | The 20" of rain isn't nearly as scary as the 11 foot
               | storm surge that is possible.
        
           | DoreenMichele wrote:
           | Katrina was a cat 5. It was also _the fourth-most intense
           | Atlantic hurricane on record to make landfall in the
           | contiguous United States._
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina
        
             | blantonl wrote:
             | Katrina was not a cat 5 when it made landfall
        
               | hansthehorse wrote:
               | It was a category 3 when it made landfall in Louisiana as
               | stated in the article the OP linked.
        
           | chasd00 wrote:
           | Heh yeah in my experience the only thing New Orleans is well
           | prepared for is parties and debauchery. Not that there's
           | anything wrong with that :)
        
           | paul_f wrote:
           | After $14,000,000,000 was spent, they had better be ready
        
           | NittLion78 wrote:
           | Chicago pretty easily unburied itself out of two major
           | snowstorms and extreme (even by normal standards) cold snaps.
           | At least when it comes to the extreme weather the city faces,
           | that part is handled.
           | 
           | General corruption/waste is another matter. Recycling in
           | Chicago right now is notably inefficient, for example
           | (something like a 9% clearance rate).
        
             | gogopuppygogo wrote:
             | Not to mention that unfunded pensions are an Illinois
             | speciality these days.
        
             | da_chicken wrote:
             | > _Chicago pretty easily unburied itself out of two major
             | snowstorms and extreme (even by normal standards) cold
             | snaps. At least when it comes to the extreme weather the
             | city faces, that part is handled._
             | 
             | That's not really the question, though. The question is if
             | you'd be _surprised_ if they _didn 't_.
             | 
             | I wouldn't be that surprised to hear that Chicago was
             | unable to clear snow from a 100-year snow event because the
             | funds were mismanaged or something similar. That sounds
             | entirely within character.
             | 
             | I wasn't surprised when I heard about the ongoing problems
             | with the Texas power grid, either. I was horrified by the
             | deaths, of course, but did it _surprise_ me that an for-
             | profit utility market didn 't result in a robust
             | infrastructure? No. Infrastructure and utilities don't work
             | well under those sort of economic pressures. I wasn't
             | surprised it was fragile.
        
               | BorgHunter wrote:
               | > I wouldn't be that surprised to hear that Chicago was
               | unable to clear snow from a 100-year snow event because
               | the funds were mismanaged or something similar. That
               | sounds entirely within character.
               | 
               | Former Mayor Michael Bilandic famously lost reelection in
               | 1979 after botching snow removal following the large
               | blizzard of that same year. Ever since, snow removal has
               | been one of the city government's core competencies; even
               | the quite intense Groundhog Day blizzard of 2011 was
               | well-handled, though it managed to shut down LSD for a
               | bit. There's plenty of mismanagement and corruption in
               | city government to go around (the police department is
               | _famously_ corrupt and incompetent and shows no signs of
               | turning that around), but snow removal is one thing that
               | can generally be counted on here.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Weather forecasting today is also _much_ better than it
               | was in the 1970s. The Blizzard of  '78 in especially the
               | Boston area would still be bad and the city might even
               | still be largely shut down for a bit, but you probably
               | wouldn't have the spectacle of mass evacuation from cars
               | on Route 128 because the highway had literally ground to
               | a complete halt.
        
       | claaams wrote:
       | Good thing southern hospitals have a lot of space for casualties
       | right now.. .
        
         | cmpb wrote:
         | Yeah it is potentially a really bad situation right now in
         | Louisiana. We have been getting our vax numbers up recently and
         | the hospitalizations have started to come down in the past week
         | or so, but not by much.
         | 
         | With catastrophic hurricanes, though, what I've noticed is that
         | we have lots of refugees (and deaths, in the case of Katrina)
         | compared to hospitalizations. New Orleans can also turn the
         | large arena areas (e.g. Superdome, Zephyr Field) into mass
         | casualty and refugee areas immediately following the storm,
         | which should help with keeping the hospitals from getting
         | overrun.
        
           | dredmorbius wrote:
           | The problem with refugees is crowding, displacement, lack of
           | resources, and lack of communications.
           | 
           | These tend to exacerbate any extant public health situations.
           | Given general incompetence concerning Covid in the Southern
           | US generally, I've certain concerns.
           | 
           | What was seen in 2020 was a winter wave which kicked off with
           | Sturgis in South Dakota, then radiated outwards, toward the
           | coasts and south, over the course of the winter, peaking
           | around 10 Januare 2021. I've speculated that mass events,
           | travel, return to school, and greater indoor activity
           | (heating season in the north, as opposed to cooling season in
           | the south) also contributed.
           | 
           | This year the US might se a dual hotspot originating in
           | Sturgis _and_ Louisiana, both radiating outward.
           | 
           | Something to keep tabs on.
        
             | jdminhbg wrote:
             | > What was seen in 2020 was a winter wave which kicked off
             | with Sturgis in South Dakota
             | 
             | Is there any actual evidence for this?
        
               | dragontamer wrote:
               | https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6947e1.htm
               | 
               | Contact tracing + whole genomic sequencing proves that
               | these infections in Minnesota came from the Rally,
               | despite those individuals never attending the rally.
               | 
               | Those individuals then passed COVID19 to others in
               | Minnesota. Etc. etc.
        
               | jdminhbg wrote:
               | That's a pretty far cry from "the winter wave started at
               | Sturgis."
               | 
               | > Following a 10-day motorcycle rally in South Dakota
               | attended by approximately 460,000 persons, 51 confirmed
               | primary event-associated cases, 21 secondary cases, and
               | five tertiary cases were identified in Minnesota
               | residents.
               | 
               | That's a drop in the bucket compared to the community
               | spread in the US in 2020.
               | 
               | I'm not saying Sturgis was a great idea, but I am saying
               | that the winter wave would have happened regardless.
        
               | dredmorbius wrote:
               | I was going to make a similar comment, after having drawn
               | the association above.
               | 
               | What the study _does_ show is that the Sturgis variant
               | was epidemiologically detectable throughout Minnesota
               | following the rally. Note that the total number of
               | samples was drawn from identified interviewed patients
               | only, though this appears to have covered all reported
               | cases in MN during the period (August 1 -- August 31,
               | 2021). My understanding is that the survey was as
               | comprehensive as could be achieved, and not a limited
               | sampling.
               | 
               | During the same period, the 7-day average new-daily-case
               | rate in Minnesota was 699--795 (rising slightly over the
               | course of the month, observed from Worldometers). The
               | Sturgis-linked cases were 0.4% _or less_ of total
               | confirmed cases.
               | 
               | (I'm assuming the CDC tracing was comprehensive, the
               | paper is less than clear on this, though that appears to
               | be the case.)
               | 
               | We could make numerous arguments that the study was
               | flawed, missed cases, was incomplete, etc. All of that
               | would be an argumment from ignorance. And though I feel
               | there's _some_ case to be made for suggesting the CDC
               | undercounted, that leaves us with a weak basis for any
               | further conclusions. Sometimes, though, in epidemiology,
               | that 's the best that can be done, and the precautionary
               | principle kicks in: what course of action would provide
               | the maximum benefit and least harm.
               | 
               | Minnesota's Winter Wave really started spiking in
               | _October_ of 2020. It peaked on 20 November at 7,023 NDC
               | (7-day average). Whether or not _those_ cases are linked
               | to Sturgis would require sequencing of a sample and
               | drawing inferences.
               | 
               | That said ...
               | 
               | ... other evidence comes from looking at the spread of
               | Covid-19 hot-spots throughout the US from August --
               | January of 2020--2021. And that _did_ show the radiating
               | pattern I described. I 'm not certain it's associated
               | with Sturgis, but it very much walks like a duck.
        
               | dragontamer wrote:
               | That study wasn't about finding all the cases that
               | originated from the rally. That was just proving that in
               | fact, people who never attended the rally got sick with
               | the same genomic-markers as the COVID19 present at the
               | rally.
               | 
               | Which means that the "spread" of COVID19 from Sturgis ->
               | Minnesota cannot be denied.
               | 
               | -------
               | 
               | http://ftp.iza.org/dp13670.pdf
               | 
               | Page 60 (Appendix 5) shows a nice graph showing the
               | "trendline" of COVID19 cases ("synthetic Meade county"),
               | vs Actual Meade county.
               | 
               | We can see that COVID19 cases spiked pretty hard after
               | the Sturgis rally. Now maybe there was some "other"
               | superspreading event happening in that area at the same
               | time... but Occam's Razor points to the giant 400,000+
               | person motorcycle rally without any mask precautions
               | going on.
               | 
               | ---------
               | 
               | > That's a drop in the bucket compared to the community
               | spread in the US in 2020.
               | 
               | But you're right on this front. I think the poster
               | earlier is overstating Sturgis's importance. Sturgis is
               | just one event, there were plenty of others with far
               | bigger spread (February 2020 Marti Gras New Orleans,
               | especially because no one took any precautions during
               | that event. It was "before COVID19" was well recognized
               | by the public)
               | 
               | But without a doubt, Sturgis was a superspreading event.
               | But there were _many_ superspreading events happening all
               | over the place, so I personally don't want to put too
               | much importance on Sturgis alone. The fact remains that
               | many other events continued to take place, as that region
               | didn't want to take precautions against COVID19 in
               | general.
        
               | dredmorbius wrote:
               | I've read through the study pretty carefully, and it
               | _does_ appear to have tried to be comprehensive.
               | Specifically:
               | 
               |  _All confirmed cases among Minnesota residents were
               | reported to MDH. MDH or local public health department
               | staff members interviewed patients with confirmed SARS-
               | CoV-2 infection to identify exposures and persons who
               | might have been in contact with patients during their
               | infectious period (2 days before through 10 days after
               | symptom onset).* To assess exposures, interviews included
               | questions about travel and being in specific settings,
               | such as bars or restaurants, schools, health care
               | facilities, or events or social gatherings in the 14 days
               | before symptom onset. During August-September 2020, MDH
               | and local health department staff members interviewed
               | >80% of patients with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection._
               | 
               | If the survey missed cases, it wasn't for lack of trying.
               | That's not to say it didn't miss some.
               | 
               | (Keep in mind I'm the person who'd suggested the
               | relationship above.)
        
             | selimthegrim wrote:
             | Orleans Parish itself has been tough on COVID. I feel like
             | you're belling the wrong cat here.
        
               | dredmorbius wrote:
               | Louisiana as a whole has not.
               | 
               | And however good Orleans Parish has been, that efficacy
               | is likely to get a whole lot worse come Sunday.
        
         | dredmorbius wrote:
         | https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/usa/louisiana/
         | 
         | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/louisiana-covid-...
         | 
         | 2,600 hospitalisations presently.
        
       | dredmorbius wrote:
       | I've been following the storm via Nullschool and its forecast
       | model (GFS).
       | 
       | Landfall of the eye has shifted about 40km westward, been delayed
       | by about 6+ hours relative to the forecast 18 hours ago, and
       | increased in intensity.
       | 
       | The green circle here represents where the eyewall landfall was
       | previously forecast to occur at about noon CST. Current forecast
       | shows landfall at Jack Stout Bay, south of Morgan City, and
       | tracking about 40km west of New Orleans proper.
       | 
       | The area of landfall has been hit by several storms in the past
       | several years, is mostly smaller settlements, and there are
       | probably numerous already-damaged or only partially-repaired
       | structures.
       | 
       | https://earth.nullschool.net/#2021/08/29/1700Z/wind/surface/...
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | AdamN wrote:
         | The problem is that the eye is not the most damaging part, it's
         | the right side of the eye that's funneling water from the Gulf
         | onto the land that's got the most damage potential. From that
         | link it looks like New Orleans is in a much worse situation
         | than if it were to receive a direct hit.
        
           | dredmorbius wrote:
           | There's that.
           | 
           | A near-westward hit could be more damaging than a direct
           | strike, largely based on storm surge and possibly wind
           | speeds.
           | 
           | What the maximal high-damage offset distance is I don't know,
           | though 20--40km seems sufficiently close to be bad. I'd
           | suspect a little _nearer_ would be worse.
           | 
           | And I do wonder just how many more storms Nawlins and the Old
           | River Structure have in them.
        
         | dls2016 wrote:
         | Whoa! This site is rad! I often thought about making something
         | like this. It always seems like the for-pay weather apps are
         | crap but all the data is freely available.
        
           | dredmorbius wrote:
           | I'm a fan :-)
           | 
           | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false&qu.
           | ..
        
       | meepmorp wrote:
       | Look at a fancy view of the current forecast and other data here:
       | 
       | https://cwcgom.aoml.noaa.gov/cgom/OceanViewer/index_phod.htm...
       | 
       | edit: the sea surface temps are nuts
        
         | michaelbuckbee wrote:
         | Can you expand on that a bit, I don't have any context to
         | understand how far out of whack it is?
        
           | baq wrote:
           | It's a almost as bad as it could be. The only thing that
           | could make this worse is of the hurricane slowed down over
           | the gulf and stayed there for a couple days.
        
         | consumer451 wrote:
         | > the sea surface temps are nuts
         | 
         | Can you imagine what these temps will look like if the Gulf
         | Stream slows/shuts downs as predicted?
        
         | lnwlebjel wrote:
         | Wow, hadn't seen this before. Thanks for posting it.
        
       | Fordec wrote:
       | Louisiana is just going to lose so much territory between now and
       | the end of the century to the ocean. Their shorelines are just
       | too shallow to deal with the hurricanes and rising sea levels
       | that are coming.
        
       | chooseaname wrote:
       | The gulf is HOT right now. And that heat goes pretty deep.
       | 
       | I wonder if we'll see a Michael situation, where Ida just
       | continues to intensify as it closes in on land.
        
         | lsllc wrote:
         | SSTs are 30-32degC (86-90degF) in the GoM right now:
         | 
         | https://ocean.weather.gov/Loops/SST_GMex_SST/image_202108270...
        
           | dustingetz wrote:
           | Sea Surface Temperature
           | 
           | I'm sorry, you're saying the ocean surface is hotter than a
           | heated pool right now? What is the baseline?
        
             | brk wrote:
             | The GoM gets pretty warm (I live on the water just off the
             | GoM proper (Boca Ciega Bay)). Late summer temps in the
             | upper 80s or low 90s are common. Our pool used to heat to
             | 95 before the shade palms grew up.
             | 
             | I Don think I can recall the surface temp being less than
             | 80 often, based on the data from my depth sonar on the boat
             | at random times during the 'winter'.
        
             | wcoenen wrote:
             | It's not unusual for this time of the year. The thing to
             | look at is SSTA (sea surface temperature anomaly), that
             | will tell you how much the current temperature is deviating
             | from the long term average for this month.
             | 
             | https://earth.nullschool.net/#current/ocean/primary/waves/o
             | v...
        
             | finiteseries wrote:
             | https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/regsatprod/gom/sst_ts.php
             | 
             | ~26C mean ranging from 23C in February to 30C in August.
        
             | lsllc wrote:
             | Pretty much. A couple of summers ago I stayed for a late
             | August weekend at Hilton Head S.C. and going into the ocean
             | was like getting into a hot tub. It was actually too warm,
             | not at all refreshing from the 100+F day -- the Hotel pool
             | was much cooler.
             | 
             | It was really eye-opening actually.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | Isn't that precisely what the model shows it doing?
        
       | b8 wrote:
       | I live in Louisiana, and attended Tulane for a while. Some
       | streets around Tulane floods after a few hours of rain. I hope
       | that every who lives in NOLA or high risk areas just goes ahead
       | and leaves for right now. Some people tried to stay and party
       | during Katrina. Hopefully folks don't make the same mistake
       | twice...
        
       | UncleOxidant wrote:
       | "Tropical Storm Ida could be close to Category 4 hurricane
       | strength when it makes landfall Sunday on Louisiana's coast"
       | 
       | "Sunday is the 16th anniversary of Hurricane Katrina."
        
         | gsibble wrote:
         | Oof.
        
           | benatkin wrote:
           | It's not a huge coincidence, because it's hurricane season.
           | There's a graph here, under "Number of Tropical Cyclones per
           | 100 Years": https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/climo/
        
         | jandrese wrote:
         | Having Hurricanes reach maximum average strength about the same
         | time every year isn't that big of a surprise.
        
       | Karupan wrote:
       | Genuine question since I don't live in a city which experiences
       | severe weather events annually: what is the financial incentive
       | in rebuilding destroyed homes, businesses and other
       | infrastructure every few years? Does that actually lead to a net
       | positive outcome for those affected in the long run?
        
         | thanatos519 wrote:
         | "I live in a city which does not yet experience severe weather
         | events annually". FTFY.
        
         | egypturnash wrote:
         | Find a map of the rivers that drain into the Mississippi. Think
         | about how much shipping still happens on the rivers, despite
         | the highway and train networks. Lots of goods pass through
         | there, which means lots of money flows through (and all too
         | little of it sticks).
         | 
         | New Orleans is the least shitty place to put a port on the
         | Mississippi. Or at least it's been that since its founding.
         | Rising sea levels and "hundred-year storms" becoming "twenty-
         | year storms" may change that.
         | 
         | And also... it's _home_. I grew up there, left for a while,
         | came back right before Katrina, and leaving after that ripped a
         | chunk of my heart out that I 've only started growing back
         | after returning a couple years ago. The place is fucking
         | _magical_ for the 347 days out of the year we 're not staring
         | down a hurricane that might be aimed right for us. Most of them
         | see us staring and decide to go elsewhere.
        
           | i_haz_rabies wrote:
           | It's crazy to me how discussions, especially on HN, about
           | some place being less livable always produce comments to the
           | effect of "why wouldn't they just move." Family, friends and
           | history are a tight tie. Probably the tightest and most human
           | tie. Extremely understandable.
        
             | Karupan wrote:
             | I don't think anyone suggested moving, certainly not me.
             | I'm not from the US and have no idea how these annual
             | hurricanes affect the south west, hence my question.
        
         | nolaspring wrote:
         | Moral hazard has entered the chat.
        
           | dredmorbius wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_hazard
        
         | IAmEveryone wrote:
         | The wealth of a society isn't in houses and TVs. It's
         | institutions and structures, such as companies, clubs,
         | families, universities etc.
         | 
         | That's how you can almost literally wipe a city off the face of
         | the earth and see it rebuilt within a decade, think Germany
         | after WW2or London/SF/Chicago after fire and earthquakes.
        
           | egypturnash wrote:
           | Or NOLA after the Great Fire of 1788, or NOLA after Katrina.
           | :)
        
         | dghlsakjg wrote:
         | Most of the time it isn't the same places that get hit. Its not
         | as if the same neighborhood is rebuilt year after year, many of
         | these places have homes and infrastructure that is 100 years
         | old.
         | 
         | Also keep in mind that a majority of the East Coast is under
         | threat from Hurricanes. If we just abandoned any area that has
         | been severely damaged by a hurricane, there would effectively
         | be an unpopulated coastline from Boston to the Mexican border.
        
           | acdha wrote:
           | There are steps between doing nothing and abandoning the east
           | coast. There are some areas (right at sea level, river flood
           | zones) which probably are better off as parks, and letting
           | things like costal mangrove forests regrow would be
           | important, but there's a lot of places where a significant
           | fraction of the existing buildings could remain viable if
           | they were sensibly built following good design practice
           | rather than as cheaply as the developers could get away with.
           | 
           | It seems like something flood insurance and building codes
           | should get increasingly stringent about, similar to how some
           | California fire codes started requiring houses to be built to
           | support sheltering in place during wildfires so you didn't
           | have so many people evacuating and needing to rebuild as many
           | homes. It'd be nice if that started as guaranteed annual
           | premium increases for unsafe properties with an assistance
           | program for primary residences which phases out based on
           | property value.
        
         | bitsoda wrote:
         | I'm not saying some areas don't suffer huge losses and this
         | might be a bit of survivorship bias, but living in Miami for 35
         | years, homes built from cinderblock with roofs secured with
         | hurricane straps -- which have been part of the building code
         | for 30+ years now -- don't really see much damage other than
         | the odd missing roof tile and maybe a bit of water intrusion
         | from the wind, but it's not as dramatic as the media portrays
         | it in _most_ areas.
         | 
         | I'd say the major threats are fallen power lines, downed trees,
         | and CO poisoning from generator misuse. We'll get routine
         | summer monsoons that bring more damage than some category 1
         | hurricanes at times, so unless it's a direct hit from a major
         | hurricane I try not to panic too much so long as we have
         | supplies.
        
           | whymauri wrote:
           | also popular to clear out trees close to the house. some
           | people make the rookie mistake of not doing that and end up
           | with an open roof during the storm.
        
       | coding123 wrote:
       | https://www.windy.com/-Rain-accumulation-rainAccu?rainAccu,3...
       | 
       | Click on "Next 10 Days" near the bottom.
       | 
       | Windy users know about this stuff way farther in advance.
        
         | mastax wrote:
         | "People who look at forecast maps" know about this stuff way
         | further in advance, surely.
         | 
         | That said, Windy is very good.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | "People who look at forecast maps" are way more confused
           | about the weather actually happening than those that don't.
           | FTFY ;-)
           | 
           | My local forecasts have predicted rain for multiple days in a
           | row, and then those days arrive to sunny skies. The same day
           | forecasts get updated to reflect the lack of rain, and then
           | mid-to-late afternoon storms after zero prediction of them.
           | This summer has been a bad luck streak for forecasters.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | Windy makes a compelling visualization of data that is often
           | totally wrong and misleading. Their presentation of PM2.5
           | concentrations in California right now is very pretty and
           | also off by about an order of magnitude versus actual sensor
           | readings. I will continue to prefer the much uglier but
           | correct presentations from NOAA themselves, or the incredibly
           | slow but rich and accurate data from wunderground.
        
         | aeroman wrote:
         | Windy is an excellent graphical interface, but as I understand
         | it, this forecast is a re-packaging of the ECMWF one
         | (https://apps.ecmwf.int/webapps/opencharts). The GFS forecast
         | (from the National Weather Service) also gets a similar track
         | for Ida.
        
         | baq wrote:
         | This isn't the best advice, unfortunately. The best advice is
         | to follow https://www.nhc.noaa.gov and your local NWS. Model
         | forecasts are surprisingly unreliable and each model has its
         | own biases, which is why the job of weather forecaster still
         | isn't automated. NHC has arguably the best tropical system
         | forecasters in the world and their products are publicly
         | accessible for all. Follow them first and foremost.
        
         | nolaspring wrote:
         | To be fair, I check a number of different forecast sites
         | (including Windy) and follow a lot of different weather
         | bloggers but no one knew this storm was a thing until a few
         | days ago. And all of the models had it as a Cat 2 until
         | yesterday.
        
         | joshcrews wrote:
         | Another endorsement of Windy. In 2017 Windy knew that Hurricane
         | Harvey was going to stall out over SE Texas days in advance.
        
           | cos2pi wrote:
           | Windy doesn't make forecasts, rather it visualizes output
           | from forecast models.
        
             | dghlsakjg wrote:
             | Yup. You can even choose different models for it to
             | visualize!
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | cos2pi wrote:
       | For the interested, real-time data from the ongoing aircraft
       | reconnaissance into (now) Hurricane Ida can be seen at
       | https://www.tropicaltidbits.com/recon
        
         | baq wrote:
         | tropicaltisbits.com also hosts the author's blog which is well
         | worth following when major storms are present near the GOM.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | post_break wrote:
       | Houston dodging more bullets than Neo in the matrix. I'm glad but
       | feel bad for our neighbors.
        
         | ubermonkey wrote:
         | I mean, we DID get Harvey.
         | 
         | My lay take here is that the flow of the Gulf Stream tends to
         | bend the storms to the east as they approach the coast, so you
         | get these curveball tracks that, unfortunately,
         | disproportionately seem to smack Louisiana and Mississippi.
         | 
         | Harvey came ashore further south, and so the eastward movement
         | caught us (though that's a gross oversimplification of Harvey's
         | actual mechanics).
        
           | post_break wrote:
           | Yeah but Harvey was mostly rain. If we had a category 5 go up
           | the ship channel the entire US would be impacted. So much
           | oil, fuel, etc goes through here.
        
         | yuy910616 wrote:
         | If I remember correctly, he only successfully dodged 2/3
         | bullets. And then he started to stopping them
        
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