[HN Gopher] Chinese authorities say overtime '996' policy is ill...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Chinese authorities say overtime '996' policy is illegal
        
       Author : hkmaxpro
       Score  : 345 points
       Date   : 2021-08-27 08:50 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.reuters.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.reuters.com)
        
       | baybal2 wrote:
       | And it was so before, just like 4+ hours unpaid overtimes at
       | sweatshops.
       | 
       | What matters is them suddenly remembering it after decades of
       | busting unions, and any labour activism protesting it.
       | 
       | Clearly, they want to mop the floor with tech companies for them
       | becoming bigger than the "sun king."
       | 
       | And they do it this way to pretend that there is no obvious
       | crackdown on private property, and businessmen, while it is
       | exactly the case.
        
       | audunw wrote:
       | I wonder if this will be good or bad for the competitiveness of
       | China if they are able to enforce it.
       | 
       | The company I work in now has no problem competing with Chinese
       | companies working 996, despite us working 7.5h days and having
       | way more vacation days. I believe part of that is that working
       | longer hours doesn't necessarily make you more productive, as has
       | been discussed in tech communities for a while now.
       | 
       | The thing is, to be productive with shorter working hours
       | requires a very different culture. The company I work in now has
       | a very flat structure, and people are encouraged to work on side
       | projects that can improve productivity, and there's a focus on
       | continuously improving methodology. The last company I worked for
       | was Chinese-American (based in US, but 99% Chinese working
       | there), and it was the exact opposite. Decisions on what to work
       | on was made top-down and results were mainly achieved through
       | brute force. Although since we worked in a somewhat independent
       | office in Europe we ended up with a hybrid system.
       | 
       | So the question is, will a shift away from 996 lead to a shift in
       | work culture that increases productivity, or will they just work
       | fewer hours with the same culture?
       | 
       | That seems to be the problem for the CCP in general. They want to
       | make improvements, but they don't really get to the root of the
       | problem. They crack down on after-school tutoring for instance,
       | but they don't change the Gaokao system, so tutoring will just go
       | underground.
        
         | camjohnson26 wrote:
         | Working overtime is usually an antipattern
        
           | mdp2021 wrote:
           | > an antipattern
           | 
           | Not clear, could you explain?
        
             | hurflmurfl wrote:
             | I think the poster means that it's a symptom of (and a
             | temporary solution to) underlying issues.
             | 
             | Sometimes I have to do a bit of overtime to fix a time-
             | sensitive issue, and I'm fine with that. The underlying
             | issue, though, might be lack of code review, insufficient
             | testing, fatigue or anything else.
             | 
             | It's good to remember that overtime is a viable solution,
             | but as any solution it has its costs. This can build
             | resentment among employees (making them quit earlier),
             | increase fatigue (this requiring even more overtime to fix
             | issues caused by fatigued employees), build dissatisfaction
             | (resulting in loss of motivation), etc.
             | 
             | In other words, if you're finding yourself plumbing leaks
             | every week, a better solution for the long term might be to
             | replace the whole pipe :)
        
             | markstos wrote:
             | An anti-pattern is a common response to a recurring problem
             | that is usually ineffective and risks being highly
             | counterproductive.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-pattern
        
             | Jtsummers wrote:
             | There are two reasons to use OT (IME):
             | 
             | The occasional and unpredictable issue. Construction crews
             | took out the internet for half the city (happened to us a
             | few weeks ago, maybe not half the city but it was bad).
             | This broke a lot of communication systems (how can you
             | deploy your work even working remotely when the systems you
             | need aren't reachable?) and other things. Once service was
             | restored, this forced a scramble the next week to get
             | things done that had to be delayed and also hit the
             | expected deadlines for that week (or risk a cascade effect
             | of everything being delayed). One week of OT for a few
             | people, everything was back in order. This is rare,
             | unpredictable, and so not an anti pattern. It's a thing
             | that happens.
             | 
             |  _Regular_ OT is the anti pattern. If your team is working
             | long hours _every_ day, regularly coming in on the weekend,
             | if deployment _always_ runs long and the team has to stay
             | all weekend (even if this is an annual thing because you
             | didn 't get the memo on CI/CD), you have a problem.
             | 
             | It could be understaffing. It could be just lousy work.
             | Working long hours seems to induce a decline in quality on
             | its own. It could be a cultural problem. It could be abuse
             | of the system (especially if OT is paid at a higher rate).
             | It could just be bad processes. But regardless, if it
             | happens regularly it warrants investigating.
        
         | ren_engineer wrote:
         | I'd imagine the system is probably similar to Japan where they
         | stay at the office a long time but don't work for most of it.
         | Unless China has something special in the water it's not really
         | possible for knowledge workers to be highly productive based on
         | more hours worked.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | pototo666 wrote:
         | Coming out of one of those 996 companies, I would say that most
         | of my working time are wasted.
         | 
         | I would do almost nothing in the moring. I did most of my work
         | in the afternoon. In the evening I just pretended to be
         | working.
         | 
         | Forcing a real 7.5h day would not hurt most companies. But it
         | would hurt the ego of middle managers, who want to prove that
         | their teams are trying their best by working long hours.
        
           | bigjimmyjohnson wrote:
           | I worked at a US company that wanted us to put in the extra
           | effort and do work after hours. They tracked this with a
           | summary report of work submitted after 5.
           | 
           | So I worked normally and then I'd sit on all my work and wait
           | until just after 5:15 to submit it all and then leave
           | immediately. I didn't get in until 9:30 or 10 anyway so there
           | was literally no difference except my work was delayed.
           | 
           | They praised our team for all the extra work. They really had
           | no clue.
        
             | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
             | This is a perfect example of "you get what you measure."
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | someguydave wrote:
           | yeah I am skeptical that people are putting in full 12 hour
           | days
        
           | civilized wrote:
           | So how do you spend those morning and evening times? It just
           | seems depressing to have your butt in chair all those hours
           | doing nothing...?
        
             | pototo666 wrote:
             | I read Hacker News and Reddit, or read tech docs, or write
             | some code, or talk with friends. Then I quit. I am making a
             | Reddit for China now. I want to help all those boring souls
             | like the old me :).
             | 
             | It is truly depressing. I would never go back. I earn 1/20
             | of my old salary as a solo developer. I can't make ends
             | meet, yet. But I would never go back.
             | 
             | Paul Graham wrote somewhing like, if you fail, you would
             | have to go back to those boring companies. This fact
             | provides a lot of motivation. I can't remember the exact
             | phrase. But yes, that's exactly how I feel.
        
               | civilized wrote:
               | Good luck, my satanic potato friend.
        
             | antisthenes wrote:
             | Same way people have been doing it for decades.
             | 
             | Chit chat with your friends online, have a cup of coffee,
             | spend 30 min listening to an audiobook or reading. And hey,
             | what do you know, it's lunch time already!
        
               | pototo666 wrote:
               | Yep. Your writing makes me miss the morning coffee. I
               | used to have a lot intereting talks beside the coffee
               | machine. Coffee was better. Now I have to drink cheap
               | instant coffee alone.
        
           | OriginalNebula wrote:
           | I am working 40h in a Middle European country and think that
           | a lot of my working time is wasted.
           | 
           | Somewhere between 20h and 30h and a 4 day working week would
           | be best for performance imo
        
             | lostgame wrote:
             | I agree, and I'm in Toronto, Canada.
             | 
             | I genuinely believe a 4-day work week is the way to go.
             | It's Friday and I'm already burnt out at 11am.
        
               | coldacid wrote:
               | My experience is that the burnout and wasted time comes
               | from all the crap that _distracts_ from real work -- the
               | meetings, emails, bug boards, etc. When I don 't have all
               | these things getting between me and the IDE, I'm far more
               | productive and get a lot more enjoyment from my work. Of
               | course, if all the crap were cut out, I'd probably be
               | looking at two days of work per week, never mind four.
        
               | throwaway1777 wrote:
               | But moving to a 4 day week doesn't eliminate any of that,
               | it simply means you'd get less done.
        
               | Sharlin wrote:
               | In the past several years most of the burnout and wasted
               | time I've experienced has come from libraries,
               | frameworks, build/CI systems, architectural patterns, and
               | so on that simply suck, or at the very least fail to
               | properly work together. Unfortunately, they're all
               | mainstream technologies that people seem to think are
               | perfectly okay, and that fighting against your tools
               | simply in order to develop good solutions to the actual
               | domain problems is just what coding is supposed to be.
        
               | mindv0rtex wrote:
               | I'm genuinely curious which of those items you consider
               | as sucky and why. I am asking because I've recently been
               | moved from a C++ to a JS team at my current workplace,
               | and now I am exposed to this wide range of new tools
               | which are all alien to me.
        
               | SpaceL10n wrote:
               | I've recently negotiated a 4-day work week with my
               | employer. It's been a huge quality of life improvement.
               | Whether I make $80k/yr or $150k/yr, it doesn't matter as
               | much to me as quality of life. Maybe I'm an outlier, but
               | money isn't everything.
               | 
               | If smaller companies can't compete on the huge salaries
               | and options that larger companies provide, they can
               | certainly compete on flexible work schedules. A developer
               | working 4 days a week is pretty much just as useful to me
               | as the engineering manager as a developer who is working
               | 5 days a week. Budget and schedule.
        
               | 908B64B197 wrote:
               | > If smaller companies can't compete on the huge salaries
               | and options that larger companies provide, they can
               | certainly compete on flexible work schedules.
               | 
               | They certainly can compete. Just raise more or adopt a
               | stock comp model.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | Not all companies looking to hire devs have massive
               | injections of VC money to play with.
               | 
               | Tech at this point is needed to some degree in lots of
               | products.
        
               | 908B64B197 wrote:
               | Maybe they need better founders.
        
               | Ericson2314 wrote:
               | if everyone does it, labor will become more scarse, and
               | wages should go back up too to recover the some or all of
               | missing 1/5, so please everyone do this!
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | Only if total production goes down. If productivity
               | increases enough to compensate (what really looks like
               | the case), it should have no impact on wages.
        
               | after_care wrote:
               | If we adopted a four day work week do you think people
               | would feel a burned out feeling at Thursday at 11am? I
               | honestly _don't know_ and think some long term
               | experimentation is needed
        
               | Ericson2314 wrote:
               | Who cares. Even if I feel just as bad during the week, I
               | have more weekend time. That's worth it.
               | 
               | We don't have a worldwide labor shortage (!).
               | Productivity going up and work hours not going is a
               | travesty.
        
               | dmitriy_ko wrote:
               | There's a labor shortage in US right now. You can feel it
               | everywhere: from having to book car mechanic appointment
               | weeks in advance to construction projects going to
               | standstill.
        
               | edgyquant wrote:
               | I honestly don't think I would. I am exhausted by Friday
               | and then the weekend is basically just Saturday so
               | there's hardly any time to recharge during it.
        
               | SpaceL10n wrote:
               | I'm not burnt out on Thursdays. I feel empowered. That
               | said, I've only been on a 4-day work week for a month and
               | half now.
        
               | throwaway1777 wrote:
               | Not nearly enough time to adjust. Any job switch the
               | first month is like the honeymoon phase.
        
               | Nadya wrote:
               | Everyone I've ever known has loved working 4 10's and
               | honestly 4 8's would be even better. They never complain
               | about burnout and a 3-day weekend every week leaves them
               | energized and recharged for the next weeks' work. I only
               | ever hear complaints from people working 4 12's which at
               | that point you'd hear the usual complaints of anyone
               | working 8 hours of overtime a week.
               | 
               | The fact I've never once heard a complaint about 4 10's
               | from anyone I've ever known to work them says a lot
               | compared to the usual 5 8's which I hear complaints from
               | about everyone (including myself).
               | 
               | n = 19~21 people or so
        
               | atty wrote:
               | Possibly, but at some point it has to stop, right? Take
               | the extreme example of working 4 hours, one day a week.
               | If you are even marginally interested in what you're
               | doing, I can't imagine anyone feeling burned out by that.
               | I just don't know what the threshold is (and it's
               | certainly different for different people). A lot of it
               | probably has to do with how busy people's lives are
               | outside of work, and if they feel like they're able to
               | manage their lives at least somewhat stress free.
        
               | thioordc wrote:
               | Yeah it would have to stop obviously. But let's take it
               | the other way! Do you think working 20 hours a day 7 days
               | a week is optional efficiency? We need to find the right
               | balance!
        
             | throwaway1777 wrote:
             | I'll play devils advocate. Say you work 40 hour work week
             | with 20 hours of "productive" time. If we moved to a 30
             | hour 4 day work week would you actually only have 15 hours
             | of productive time per week? I say this because I don't
             | think all the non productive parts of working life would go
             | away, instead we would just get less done.
        
         | phatfish wrote:
         | Sensible working hours and good productivity require good
         | management. Working extended hours like "996" is just brute-
         | forcing results.
         | 
         | You need teams with clear objectives and project plans so
         | employees are able focus on a task without getting side-tracked
         | due to too many responsibilities or bad planning.
         | 
         | This shouldn't mean that agency or creativity is removed, it's
         | simply about providing the right environment for people to work
         | on complex problems.
        
         | secondaryacct wrote:
         | I work in China but european company so 965, pretty nice.
         | 
         | The problem as always is: will they deeply want to solve the
         | issue because they understand it, or is it instead now illegal
         | to say that you work 996? :D It's not the same thing: I hope it
         | wont come to that, but sometimes top down systems like ours
         | create the appearance of the result before the result itself.
        
         | thinkingemote wrote:
         | Depends on the job. Most manufacturing jobs is done on a
         | conveyor belt. More time is more stuff.
         | 
         | It's different job from software engineering. More time doesn't
         | lead to more stuff.
        
           | nix23 wrote:
           | Also not true with manufacturing (btw software engineering is
           | manufacturing too). More time = More errors = More damaged
           | Machines = Worse QA etc....it's the same as with software.
        
             | lmeyerov wrote:
             | Many factories, utilities, and other tricky hw like 24/7
             | b/c less restart errors
             | 
             | Blind men and elaphant? :)
        
               | burnished wrote:
               | Those facilities are also typically running three shifts,
               | whereas you seem to be implying it is common for
               | individuals to be working.. 24 hours a day, 7 days a
               | week.
        
               | mediaman wrote:
               | 24/7 would usually be four shifts. The most common
               | schedule is for each shift to run 12 hours, working three
               | days one week and four the next, for a total of 84 hours
               | per two weeks.
               | 
               | Three shifts works well for 24/5, each shift running
               | eight hours a day.
        
               | burnished wrote:
               | Thanks!
        
               | nix23 wrote:
               | We talk about humans NOT the Machines, Servers are 24/7
               | the admins are Not...i hope ;)
        
               | ahi wrote:
               | Hospitals prefer 12 hour shifts for similar reasons.
               | Their "restarts" are called "handoffs". A tired nurse in
               | hour 11 of their shift is less dangerous than a fresh
               | nurse who doesn't know everything that didn't make it
               | into the patient records. There's a large body of
               | research into handoff errors, and the lessons have mostly
               | been put into practice. Unfortunately, this doesn't seem
               | to be the case in "knowledge" based industries where
               | failure isn't as easy to measure as death and malpractice
               | lawsuits.
        
               | ipaddr wrote:
               | Wouldn't the handoff suffer more at the 11th compared to
               | the 8th hour. I wonder if they take employee constant
               | sleep deprivation transferring into patient experiences
               | vs legal coverage when making these decisions.
        
               | lmeyerov wrote:
               | The trade-off is whether patients see tired staff vs
               | patients rotate through more staff with no context (=
               | multiply chance of onboarding mistakes, more delays,
               | ...). Tempering this a bit, a lot of smaller-staffed late
               | shift care is more about handling emergencies and
               | otherwise keeping folks fine until the bigger day shift
               | comes in.
               | 
               | Most software IT/ops is luckily generally much smaller in
               | time scale of most incidents, and much more tolerant of
               | hand-off errors and delays. Ex: For 24/7, you get an
               | instant email acknowledgement of ticket receipt, someone
               | triages it, and if on a boundary, OK for current shift to
               | ignore and leave for the next one. Likewise, for bigger
               | incidents, better for throughput for the same person to
               | pick across shifts to avoid hand-off errors, even if that
               | introduces delays when it spans shifts. But not
               | universally true across orgs, nor for incident types. Ex:
               | For tricky & sensitive incidents that take 8-24 hours,
               | the hospital results show longer shifts _might_ make
               | sense, so I 'd want to see experiments before making
               | assumptions!
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | > More time is more stuff.
           | 
           | That's the Taylorist position, but I think Deming would like
           | a word. And in the more sophisticated manufacturing world
           | with shorter more bespoke runs, the problem-solving ability
           | of your employees and their time spent performing non-
           | recurring setup matters as well.
        
           | asoneth wrote:
           | > Most manufacturing jobs is done on a conveyor belt. More
           | time is more stuff.
           | 
           | The 40 hour work week actually comes to us from research on
           | the original assembly line. Henry Ford's analysts apparently
           | concluded that 40 hours was optimal for overall productivity.
           | Past that point and the cost due to the greater number of
           | human errors more than canceled out the additional work.
           | 
           | I would wager that this optimal number is different for
           | different people but also for different professions. In
           | professions where fatigue doesn't result in more mistakes or
           | mistakes are cheaper to rectify then the "optimally
           | productive" hours per week might be higher. In professions
           | where fatigue results in even more mistakes and mistakes are
           | more expensive to rectify then the reverse might be true.
           | 
           | And this says nothing of the leverage of the workers
           | themselves -- I suspect software engineers can get away with
           | working fewer hours if they want to due to the fact that they
           | have more leverage than most workers.
        
         | accurrent wrote:
         | I actually think in this case CCP is playing the right cards
         | (unlike in the case of tutoring). I also believe that Chinese
         | are quite tired of having to put up with the exploitative work
         | practices and I highly doubt 996 is anything of a competitive
         | advantage.
         | 
         | The whole mentality of 996 goes back to the time when most of
         | the jobs were manufacturing jobs. If you are a garments factory
         | whats the simplest way to increase throughput? Well, make your
         | workers work harder. If you are in a country the size of China
         | and your workers revolt, replacing them is simple enough. This
         | unfortunately does not work for tech companies. Making software
         | engineers work long hours will just piss them of. Also by its
         | nature spending more time on a piece of code doesn't mean
         | you'll be more productive (in fact I've found the best way to
         | deal with a bug is often take a break and come back and reread
         | your code likely you'll spot the mistake far more easily). Also
         | if a software engineer is good enough they may simply choose to
         | work for an American firm which gives them much more free time
         | and are equally competitive. Furthermore, the more turnover
         | there is in a software firm, the less efficient it is as new
         | hires will have to learn the code base from scratch. So now
         | firing an individual and replacing him may not be as easy as
         | before. Hence, I doubt CCP will actually have to enforce the
         | rule, the firms themselves will self enforce the rules.
        
           | 908B64B197 wrote:
           | > Also by its nature spending more time on a piece of code
           | doesn't mean you'll be more productive (in fact I've found
           | the best way to deal with a bug is often take a break and
           | come back and reread your code likely you'll spot the mistake
           | far more easily).
           | 
           | Or realize you don't need the code at all and there's a way
           | to do it better.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | Joeri wrote:
           | _The whole mentality of 996 goes back to the time when most
           | of the jobs were manufacturing jobs. If you are a garments
           | factory whats the simplest way to increase throughput? Well,
           | make your workers work harder._
           | 
           | That doesn't really work except for the lowest quality tier,
           | because tired workers make mistakes, and mistakes cost time.
           | Automate more to remove the human factor, and the remaining
           | people need to be more focused, not less. There is a sort of
           | maximum amount of net useful work you can get out of a
           | person, taking into account slacking off and correcting for
           | errors, and for most people that is not working 996.
        
           | GlennS wrote:
           | > Also if a software engineer is good enough they may simply
           | choose to work for an American firm
           | 
           | This seems a bit unlikely to me:
           | 
           | 1. Ignores patriotism.
           | 
           | 2. The number of good programmers in China is going to
           | overwhelmingly outnumber the opportunities for them to work
           | for a US company.
        
             | simonh wrote:
             | There are vanishingly few good programmers in China,
             | proportionally. I have a friend that heads a computer
             | science department at a regional university in China. He's
             | an old friend of my wife. The vast majority of graduates
             | from his department have never run a single line of code on
             | an actual computer. The teaching and assessment is 100%
             | theoretical on paper, and this is typical.
             | 
             | Now I'm sure there are colleges and universities where this
             | isn't true, and there are lots of Chinese programmers that
             | do it for fun and love it just as much as any 'westerner'.
             | I've actually met some shit hot C and C++ coders in china
             | professionally and these people absolutely knew their
             | stuff. However the base level education system is woefully
             | unfit for purpose and the vast majority of computer science
             | graduates cannot be assumed to have any practical knowledge
             | of the subject.
             | 
             | This was as of about 5 years ago, so maybe things are
             | changing.
        
               | solaarphunk wrote:
               | 5 years in china is equivalent to 15 years in the outside
               | world. Things have definitely changed.
        
               | FooBarWidget wrote:
               | So China is the heavenly palace and the rest of the world
               | is earth? What will Sun Wukong think?
        
               | thesz wrote:
               | It is the other way around. "Year for three" is a staple
               | of hard work in harsh conditions, such as foundry work.
        
               | naniwaduni wrote:
               | Honestly, this genre of venting about new grads has long
               | been applied to new grads here in the West too. It's a
               | long-standing complaint of the industry that academia
               | isn't willing to serve as vocational training.
        
               | enkid wrote:
               | I mean sure, but most of the time Comp Sci degrees have
               | Freshman compiling code on day one. This is a pretty be
               | qualitative difference if the above comment is true.
        
               | lapetitejort wrote:
               | I took a freshmen level C/C++ class in community college
               | as a requirement to get an Associates in Science. All we
               | did was compile. We didn't learn any high level CS
               | theory.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | My mother's friend's husband is a math professor at a
               | university in Kansas. A major complaint of his is
               | students coming in who aren't able to add fractions.
               | 
               | So I don't see the big qualitative difference between
               | complaints about bottom-end Chinese college students and
               | complaints about bottom-end American college students,
               | no.
               | 
               | If it's of interest, I looked into gaokao test scores a
               | while ago and the cutoff for being admitted to a Chinese
               | university lies around the 40th percentile. The schools
               | are officially divided into two tiers (obviously, there
               | are finer distinctions you can make), and the cutoff for
               | the higher tier is around the 80th percentile. So a large
               | number of Chinese universities should have almost the
               | entire student body within what you might think of as an
               | IQ range from 96 to 112.
        
               | nicolas_t wrote:
               | Having interviewed new grads from the west and new grads
               | in China, I can guarantee you that a lot of the new grads
               | in China had had exactly the education the OP described
               | and were completely unable to do anything. It's not just
               | venting, it's the reality.
               | 
               | There are some great universities in China and there are
               | definitely some who know their stuff but the average mid
               | level university in China? Nope, completely useless.
               | 
               | To be fair, this was in 2009 to 2014. I have left China
               | since.
        
               | obmelvin wrote:
               | I realize this may have changed, but at least at the
               | time, was this partially due to access to computers at
               | the university (i.e. lack of funds for computer labs)? Or
               | just prioritizing the theoretical side?
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > I can guarantee you that a lot of the new grads in
               | China had had exactly the education the OP described and
               | were completely unable to do anything. It's not just
               | venting, it's the reality.
               | 
               | Isn't it the foundational concept of fizzbuzz that a lot
               | of applicants to programming jobs are "completely unable
               | to do anything"?
        
               | edgyquant wrote:
               | I've never really done traditional interviews, but is
               | this true? I've been able to do a fizzbuzz since I was
               | like 14 years old :/
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | https://blog.codinghorror.com/why-cant-programmers-
               | program/
               | 
               | (internal link to
               | https://www.joelonsoftware.com/2005/01/27/news-58/ )
        
               | simonh wrote:
               | We're not talking about graduates not able to solve
               | theoretical exercises. These graduates might well be able
               | to solve an on-paper algorithms exercise like that, after
               | all their teaching and assessment was all theoretical.
               | 
               | The problem is they don't know how to actually compile
               | and run a "Hello World" program, or write and run any
               | kind of program on a physical computer, because they
               | never had to do it as part of their computer science
               | education.
        
               | burnished wrote:
               | FizzBuzz isn't a programming challenge for interviews
               | anymore, that was like ten years ago. Now its more like a
               | data structures and algorithms exam.
        
               | dbt00 wrote:
               | FizzBuzz was never a programming challenge, it was just a
               | very quick filter before getting to real challenges.
               | 
               | Real tech interviews have always been about understanding
               | and applying data structures and algorithms, with some
               | emphasis on problem solving with those tools.
               | 
               | A really long time ago, there used to be questions that
               | were more like "do you know some very common C/hacker
               | idioms", like write a one line strlen or reverse a linked
               | list in place. I used to get asked stuff like that in the
               | late 90s.
               | 
               | (There were also the brainteaser style things, like how
               | many golf balls fit in a 747, but those were often for
               | non-programming roles where people were looking for your
               | ability to problem solve in a vacuum with little
               | information. Those were rarely aimed at engineers, but at
               | engineer adjacent non-technical roles.)
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | Did the observation that "hey, a lot of our applicants
               | can't even do anything" become less true?
        
               | burnished wrote:
               | Hell if I know, if I'm going to be frank I responded more
               | from stress and wishing FizzBuzz was still a common test
               | than anything.
        
               | Apocryphon wrote:
               | If it's still true, then why do the tests get harder and
               | harder?
        
               | simonh wrote:
               | The Chinese attitude to academia is very different to
               | that in the West. This distinction you draw between the
               | academic and vocational goals of institutions just isn't
               | really a thing over there in the same way.
        
               | AlgorithmicTime wrote:
               | Well if Academia doesn't want to be vocational training,
               | then we probably need to cut the number of people going
               | to college back to the 5-10% range.
        
               | marcus_holmes wrote:
               | Which is crazy. No University can teach the kind of
               | skills needed to be a good commercial developer.
               | 
               | The best approach would be apprenticeships; learning the
               | craft while doing the job. But the industry has always
               | been ridiculously opposed to training its own staff -
               | echoing your point that this is seen as something that
               | the education system should do (why?).
               | 
               | I've heard managers say crap like "but if we train them
               | then they'll leave us when they finish the training and
               | go somewhere else - we'll have paid for their training
               | and get no benefit". This is a staff retention problem,
               | not a training problem.
        
               | 908B64B197 wrote:
               | > Which is crazy. No University can teach the kind of
               | skills needed to be a good commercial developer.
               | 
               | You sorta can.
               | 
               | https://missing.csail.mit.edu/
               | 
               | I've also met grads that basically had a dedicated
               | software engineering class where they learned: What's a
               | package manager, build system, how to compile C++ code
               | (linking and compilation), makefiles, agile, waterfall
               | and source control and a few quality metrics to look out
               | for.
        
               | blippage wrote:
               | > I've heard managers say crap like "but if we train them
               | then they'll leave us when they finish the training and
               | go somewhere else - we'll have paid for their training
               | and get no benefit".
               | 
               | The clever response to that is: but what if we don't
               | train them and they stay?
               | 
               | I'll say this: programming isn't a profession. If I was
               | being particularly unkind, it's more like a collection of
               | wild west gunslingers.
               | 
               | It probably won't be a profession either until we've
               | settled the whole C++ vs Rust vs Lisp vs JavaScript vs
               | $LANGUAGE_DU_JOUR debate, and stopped acting like
               | egotists. "Rockstar programmer" is a problematical
               | phrase. What it tells us is that programming is one big
               | dick-measuring contest.
               | 
               | I trained as a UK chartered accountant, having graduated
               | in mathematics. I had to go through a set of professional
               | exams. I was under a training contract, started as a
               | junior. I couldn't sign audit reports. That was for the
               | partners. My work was reviewed, and as I moved up through
               | the ranks, I reviewed others. When I was a senior, the
               | juniors asked me for advice. When I finished my work, I
               | spoke to a partner, he reviewed my work, and I reworked
               | whatever was necessary.
               | 
               | There was also "calling and casting". After the accounts
               | were typed up, a more junior clerk would have an old copy
               | of the accounts with corrections, and the more senior
               | clerk would have the revised copy. The junior clerk then
               | read aloud what was on the accounts, and the senior
               | checked it against his copy.
               | 
               | See that? Professional. I imagine lawyers, engineers and
               | manifold other professions have similar appropriate
               | procedures.
               | 
               | What do us programmers do? Release our shit onto the
               | world and fix it later via patches. And issue licences
               | that say we take no responsibility for the fitness of our
               | programs.
               | 
               | That's why I call what we do gunslinging.
               | 
               | Maybe one day the queen will create an Institute of
               | Chartered Programmers, but that day is not only far over
               | the horizon, it's not even in the same solar system.
        
               | 908B64B197 wrote:
               | > It probably won't be a profession either until we've
               | settled the whole C++ vs Rust vs Lisp vs JavaScript vs
               | $LANGUAGE_DU_JOUR debate
               | 
               | I don't see how it's a debate. Different languages have
               | strengths and weaknesses.
               | 
               | > and stopped acting like egotists. "Rockstar programmer"
               | is a problematical phrase. What it tells us is that
               | programming is one big dick-measuring contest.
               | 
               | And yet law is extremely bi-modal. It's not surprising
               | software is similar; you can't argue the average
               | offshored programmer is in any way similar to John
               | Carmack for instance.
               | 
               | > See that? Professional. I imagine lawyers, engineers
               | and manifold other professions have similar appropriate
               | procedures. What do us programmers do? Release our shit
               | onto the world and fix it later via patches. And issue
               | licences that say we take no responsibility for the
               | fitness of our programs.
               | 
               | Sounds like you are hiring wrong. You are hiring
               | programmers and then whine they aren't acting like
               | engineers. Software Engineers have code review, proper
               | release pipelines and methodologies. The bargain-bin
               | programmers don't, of course.
        
               | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
               | I have been told, anecdotally, that German college
               | curricula are very "vocation-based," with students being
               | quite well-versed in the needs of the workplace upon
               | graduation.
               | 
               | I've been fairly impressed with the Germans that I've
               | worked with, but that may be sample bias.
        
               | dasil003 wrote:
               | There are vanishingly few good programmers anywhere. SV
               | has more because it attracted them from around the world.
               | 
               | In my experience college education has nothing to do with
               | who is really a good programmer. Sure MIT grads are
               | better than average, but that's because they have a
               | reputation to attract the people that are the most
               | interested in it. CS fundamentals definitely make you a
               | better programmer and able to solve harder problems, but
               | it's somewhat orthogonal to the daily grind of keeping a
               | mental model of a large obtuse system in your head while
               | solving hundred arcane micro-hurdles one after another.
        
               | 908B64B197 wrote:
               | > SV has more because it attracted them from around the
               | world.
               | 
               | There's also a filter here: To immigrate to the US as a
               | dev you need to be able to secure a job as a dev, and the
               | employer must be willing to sponsor you.
               | 
               | That puts the bar way higher.
        
               | golergka wrote:
               | Eastern Europe and Israel seem to have a decent
               | proportion.
        
               | dasil003 wrote:
               | My hypothesis there would be cultural factors drawing out
               | a greater percentage of those with the potential.
        
               | rory wrote:
               | In eastern europe it's pretty simple. The collapse of the
               | soviet union left a strong education system and also
               | poverty. Learning to program is one of the most
               | straightforward and doable ways to a good income, so lots
               | of people do it.
               | 
               | Israel is probably a knock-on effect of that, since most
               | (jewish) israelis are (or descend from) eastern european
               | migrants.
        
               | 908B64B197 wrote:
               | > I have a friend that heads a computer science
               | department at a regional university in China. He's an old
               | friend of my wife. The vast majority of graduates from
               | his department have never run a single line of code on an
               | actual computer. The teaching and assessment is 100%
               | theoretical on paper, and this is typical.
               | 
               | At a regional Chinese university you are basically
               | looking at those who couldn't go abroad and to the tier
               | one institutions. And same thing for the TAs and teachers
               | there.
        
         | goodpoint wrote:
         | This is an insightful comment.
         | 
         | Very long working hours are very often associated with
         | inefficient companies that are built on micromanagement.
        
         | baja_blast wrote:
         | I think there is no way 996 work culture improves productivity.
         | Working that long only causes burn out which makes developers
         | slower and more prone to mistakes, and with more mistakes leads
         | to more effort devoted towards fixing those mistakes.
         | 
         | Personally, my productivity varies greatly depending on my
         | mental state, days when I am feeling fresh/sharp/motivated I
         | can accomplish more in a few hours than I could over days burnt
         | out, and the resulting code is more resilient and thought out
         | than I anything I could produce burnt out. When I am burn out,
         | my mind is foggy and less able to reason about various branches
         | of the program and I am way less motivated.
         | 
         | IMO like other posters have stated, 996 culture is less about
         | productivity and more keeping up appearances with management.
         | In China/SK/Japan you don't leave until your boss leaves, even
         | if your work is done, so you will see people staying late a
         | work shopping online or playing video games. The more the
         | office becomes your home the less productive of an environment
         | it becomes.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | > The company I work in now has no problem competing with
         | Chinese companies working 996, despite us working 7.5h days and
         | having way more vacation days.
         | 
         | My previous employer rushed to open offices in China because
         | the CEO was convinced that 996 and China's lower wages would
         | double our productivity while cutting costs in half. They
         | opened an expensive office and got recruiters to hire well
         | credentialed people.
         | 
         | Despite having twice as many people and supposedly working
         | twice as many hours, they struggled to deliver comparable work.
         | We spent a lot of time fixing the work that came out of the 996
         | office in China.
         | 
         | Don't get me wrong: There were some talented people in that
         | office who I enjoyed working with. However, the 996 schtick
         | always felt more like a performance art than actual
         | productivity technique. The CEO was ecstatic that he could ask
         | a question in Slack at any time day or night and within minutes
         | they would all respond with many enthusiastically positive
         | Slack responses. Whenever they talked about accomplishing
         | something, they made sure to specifically mention that they
         | accomplished it late at night or on the weekend. They seemed to
         | send more e-mails on Saturday than any other day.
         | 
         | But they weren't actually doing as much as you'd expect for as
         | many people as they had and as much as they claimed to be
         | working. Their code was notoriously unpolished and was often
         | submitted in "good enough" form as soon as they got it to
         | compile or work enough for demos. We also had strange problems
         | with a lot of employees who were trying to use company
         | resources to do freelance work for other companies, assuming we
         | wouldn't care or notice.
         | 
         | Unfortunately, their 996 performance worked on the CEO for a
         | while. He was convinced they were our highest performing, most
         | dedicated office. It took several years of buggy software and
         | imminent product launches that never materialized for
         | management to realize that they weren't actually getting more
         | work out of that office, contrary to their impressions.
         | 
         | The lesson is that you get what you reward: If you try to build
         | an office or company around rewarding people for the appearance
         | of long hours and weekend work, that's what you're going to
         | get. If you build the culture around expectations of solid
         | software shipped reasonably fast, people will start figuring
         | out how to accomplish that within their own time.
        
           | droopyEyelids wrote:
           | Reading this post gave me a tremendous feeling of anxiety.
        
           | civilized wrote:
           | The performance of working long hours has been a staple of
           | Chinese culture for many years (and Japanese culture, while
           | we're at it). And everyone knows it's a performance.
        
             | lozaning wrote:
             | The number of people that come into the Samsung HQ on
             | saturdays, just to take a 4 hour nap and then go home is
             | staggering.
        
         | xster wrote:
         | A bit of a tangent, but how would you change the gaokao system?
         | It's certainly a huge strain on the child, but I'm not sure how
         | to design a different system that allows a similar level of
         | class mobility and fairness either.
        
         | thesz wrote:
         | My former colleagues who was trained for PSP/TSP said that it
         | is recommended to count on 4 hours per day in time-on-task
         | activities. Planning for more ToT hours will result in project
         | being late as if it was planned for 4 hours/day ToT and people
         | will have to work overtime (weekends).
         | 
         | I have to say that remaining 3.5-4 hours are spent on other
         | tasks like documentation reviews, etc.
         | 
         | For time being we can assume relationship of performance
         | regression is 4/ToT if ToT more than 4. This means that these
         | Chinese workers perform 3.5 less work per hour or even less so.
         | One can try to compensate by hiring more workers, say, 3.5 more
         | workers but then the amount of communication will increase
         | quadratically and there will be more than 12 times increase in
         | communication needed for team(s) to work.
         | 
         | That means that "996" policy results in great underutilization
         | of people's potential. My napkin calculation is that each "996"
         | worker performs less than 1/30 of what he/she can do.
         | 
         | Regardless of culture, it is sad.
        
           | 6keZbCECT2uB wrote:
           | Documentation is time on task.
        
             | burnished wrote:
             | I haven't written a lot of documentation, would you say
             | that it requires the same level of mental focus? I
             | understood the dividing line of 'time on task' as being
             | what is difficult/taxing, whereas admin or docs (important
             | tasks!) are relatively light weight.
        
               | ericbarrett wrote:
               | I would; it's a bit like teaching. For general
               | documentation you need to refresh your mental model of
               | the system and organize it to be explained to somebody
               | without your familiarity. For specific areas (APIs, for
               | example) you must review the assumptions in that domain
               | and summarize them.
        
               | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
               | TSP/PSP makes no task differentiation according to what
               | is difficult. If it directly relates to project
               | deliverables, then it's considered time on task.
               | 
               | I'd say that documentation _that is expected to be used_
               | is every bit as difficult to create as good code.
        
               | plorkyeran wrote:
               | Writing _good_ documentation absolutely can be just as
               | tiring as creating the thing being documented. It's quite
               | common to not particularly value documentation quality
               | and be happy with a mess of words churned out with little
               | thought because at least it exists, but ensuring that
               | it's accurate, covers all of the little details, and is
               | organized well requires some careful thought and editing
               | processes.
               | 
               | With a formal division between "deep thought" work and
               | "easy" work, I'd be inclined to churn out a rough draft
               | of documentation in the second time box but then spend at
               | least as much time as that in the first time box cleaning
               | it up.
        
         | powerapple wrote:
         | What is the root problem of 996?
         | 
         | The crack down on after-school tutoring is mainly to drive the
         | capital away from it, it is not designed to eliminate every
         | single after-school tutoring. CCP does not want the after-
         | school tutoring to be a lucrative business for unicorn IPOs.
        
         | Taylor_OD wrote:
         | I don't know a lot about how the 996 culture came to be but it
         | makes sense to me that is you're a country that is heavily
         | invested in manufacturing goods you could enforce something
         | like this and it would equal a boost in goods produced. But
         | once a large portion or eventually a majority of your exports
         | are high skill knowledge based work (like programming) then the
         | returns will diminish as has been reported many times over the
         | years.
         | 
         | This may just be a natural change as China shifts its core
         | export.
        
         | honkycat wrote:
         | I suspect people going home, working out, living their lives,
         | decompressing, and relieving stress would increase
         | productivity.
         | 
         | I'm not screwing caps onto bottles, the number of hours I work
         | has NOTHING to do with how much I get done.
         | 
         | I get 80% of the work done in 20% of the time, the rest is
         | gathering information.
        
         | nevermindiguess wrote:
         | Are yours 7.5h in the office or hours of work? Just curious
         | whether they include lunch and breaks.
        
         | tellersid wrote:
         | I would think they will become more productive. I love working
         | hard but working hours have dependency when it comes to being
         | unproductive.
         | 
         | That many hours is just hard work signaling or some kind of
         | test of commitment.
         | 
         | Working that many hours is ultimately a cortisol problem that
         | only less work can solve. This is obviously sub-optimal.
         | 
         | Anything China ever seems to do is rather smart and reasoned so
         | I assume they have just figured out this makes no sense and
         | will lead to an increase in productivity.
        
           | notpachet wrote:
           | > Anything China ever seems to do is rather smart and
           | reasoned
           | 
           | Not sure if this was meant as sarcasm? China imposes their
           | fair share policies that are shortsighted and eventually
           | self-destructive, the same as almost all groups of people
           | larger than 0.
        
       | stefan_ wrote:
       | Excited to hear Sequoia has introduced 996 for themselves, seeing
       | what a competitive advantage it is. Not too shabby for 66 years
       | old Mike Moritz.
        
         | courtf wrote:
         | I hear slavery is an even bigger competitive advantage. Moritz
         | should chain himself to his desk if he really wants to succeed.
        
       | ausudhz wrote:
       | Meanwhile banks in NYC are making their interns work for 80 hours
       | a week and people here complaining about 996
        
         | stayfrosty420 wrote:
         | That feels like a very different thing. Those interns come out
         | of college with double the salary of their peers and insanely
         | good career prospects. They often come with strong backgrounds
         | and from prestigious schools - they can do almost anything they
         | want.
         | 
         | They can work in retail or commercial banking instead if they
         | want better hours.
        
           | axus wrote:
           | Aren't the Chinese office workers working 996 making double
           | the salary of their peers, with much better career prospects?
        
             | stayfrosty420 wrote:
             | I actually don't know, but my impression is that they were
             | often at tech companies where the salary trajectory is a
             | lot less steep, and also there were far fewer alternatives
             | with a good work life balance. This always is framed as a
             | pervasive cultural issue in the media I consume. Could be
             | totally wrong though.
        
         | tellersid wrote:
         | Because the people that run banks are morons.
         | 
         | It is exactly the same thing. It has nothing to do with
         | productivity. It is a test for membership in a club.
        
         | feu wrote:
         | Both things are bad and deserving of complaint. People have the
         | capacity to be concerned about the bad working practices in
         | both NYC and China at the same time, it's not an either-or
         | situation.
        
         | logicchains wrote:
         | Someone working 80 hour weeks at a prestige job for the chance
         | of a seven figure income is different from someone working 80
         | hour weeks just to put food on the table and support their
         | family.
        
           | rvba wrote:
           | Programmer in China working 996 is a prestige job with a
           | chance of a big payout though.
           | 
           | Programmers have it much easier to switch jobs due to
           | scarcity and high demand - this also applies to China.
        
             | bingohbangoh wrote:
             | There are vanishingly few bank jobs and so the hazing
             | process to get them is brutal. The banks push their
             | associates to work 80hr/wk because they can. Technologists,
             | for instance, don't work these hours (something closer to
             | 60hr/wk in my experience).
             | 
             | The 996 phenomenon seems to be more common. It's as if
             | every job put you through the ringer.
        
       | SerLava wrote:
       | This happened on the same day the US Supreme Court decided to
       | make 5-10 million Americans homeless.
        
       | danielovichdk wrote:
       | As a side note, is there any possible way to keep chineese
       | products out of your life ?
        
         | bellyfullofbac wrote:
         | Answering as a thinking exercise: probably not, or, only if you
         | change your life drastically.
         | 
         | E.g. if you own a car there must be parts in it made in China,
         | even things like screws or connectors. Are you allowed to take
         | public transport for this self-imposed "embargo"?
         | 
         | I guess even your power company has components made in China.
         | Hey, let's buy solar panels and go off-grid, oh wait...
        
         | hkmaxpro wrote:
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/avoidchineseproducts/
        
         | secondaryacct wrote:
         | Work 996 at home ?
        
         | npteljes wrote:
         | Not really, as I've found. Even if you manage to find something
         | that's not "made in PRC", you have to realize that many
         | products are complex, and some parts will still be made in
         | China. The other thing is that I don't see that some other
         | places are "better" than China in this way. Are sweatshops
         | better in other places for example?
         | 
         | I think what _can_ be done is to consuming less. Buying second
         | hand. Learning basic techniques to repair. Things like that.
        
           | kamray23 wrote:
           | Yeah, it's probably that buying from outside China might be
           | worse, because it will either be really expensive, or it will
           | be made in a country with even worse worker protections. The
           | other way is to just stop buying those things, which will
           | leave you a minimalist with maybe a mattress, and definitely
           | no electronics.
        
       | Ericson2314 wrote:
       | According to the basic argument of
       | https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300244175/trade-wars-are... I
       | think stuff like this is a really good sign for employees
       | everywhere.
       | 
       | I hope it puts some pressure on Japan and Korea too.
        
       | mathattack wrote:
       | I spent time in Japan on a project with an 80 hour per person
       | average workload. It was millions of dollars over budget and
       | years late. Putting in the hours was cultural around not wanting
       | to let the team down, but there was a leadership failure too.
       | Crushing people to implement bad (or vague or undocumented)
       | decisions made the problem go from bad to worse over time.
       | 
       | My sense is that in tech jobs it just doesn't scale.
       | 
       | There are professions where it does seems to work. Banking
       | analysts who expect to go back to school in 2 years crush
       | themselves to get Goldman Sachs banking on the resume.
        
       | WiSaGaN wrote:
       | The supreme court released several actual cases ruled in favor of
       | employees that set precedent for similar cases. The "say" in the
       | title is just disingenuous and sad.
        
         | bobthepanda wrote:
         | A headline only has room for so many words. It was both the
         | court and relevant ministry, but clarifying both and what
         | exactly they did is the purpose of the article, not a terse
         | headline.
         | 
         | Also, there is a bit of a distinction in China between "rule of
         | law" and "rule by law", so the question of equal, consistent
         | enforcement needs to be proven out a bit as it's early days.
        
         | hkmaxpro wrote:
         | > China's top court and _the Ministry of Human Resources and
         | Social Security_ on Thursday published guidelines and examples
         | on what constituted as overtime work
         | 
         | (Emphasis mine)
         | 
         | See also this line from the state media The Global Times:
         | (https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202108/1232602.shtml)
         | 
         | > The Supreme People's Court (SPC) of China and the Ministry of
         | Human Resources and Social Security recently jointly released a
         | guideline illustrating 10 typical cases of overtime work,
         | stipulating that the "996" overtime work policy is illegal
         | 
         | The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security is also
         | saying the policy is illegal. The title of the Reuters article
         | is perfectly correct.
        
       | duxup wrote:
       | Is this enforced then / complied with?
       | 
       | I know that historically Chinese judiciary has little power of
       | its own. I'm wondering how likely anything changes here.
        
       | pdimitar wrote:
       | Making something illegal is only weakly correlated to companies
       | stopping the practice.
       | 
       | I hope this is not just virtue signalling; the CCP has a
       | reputation of hitting hard once it makes up its mind.
       | 
       | But the 996 culture seem to be extremely prevalent in many Asian
       | countries, it seems, and I wonder if a mere official law will
       | change anything. China is _huge_.
        
         | kamray23 wrote:
         | There's been recent crackdowns on corruptions, and there are
         | required to be government representatives at least supervising,
         | but more likely taking part in controlling large businesses,
         | public or private. That's in part to make sure that companies
         | don't do shady deals that would hurt the party, and partly so
         | that worker protections like these can be overseen very
         | intimately. Authoritarian? Of course, but it's the only really
         | reasonable way of making sure no big companies violate laws.
         | 
         | We've seen the opposite in the US, even with some heavy handed
         | measures things like sexual harassment continue to be prevalent
         | among large tech companies, especially older ones. Wonder if
         | you could strike a nice balance at some point?
        
       | illuminati1911 wrote:
       | I've been working in software engineering in China for few years
       | now. Never worked for 996 company, but I know many who do.
       | 
       | Most of the 996 companies that I've seen tend to be ultra shitty
       | sweatshops delivering less than bare minimum and with less
       | security than what a university CS freshman would implement.
       | There are obviously exceptions to this, but in China culturally
       | speaking, it's often much more important what things look like
       | than what they actually are. That's the core essense of 996. As
       | long as you seem to be working hard and long time, everything
       | else is secondary.
       | 
       | I find it ridiculous how random business managers in EU and US
       | say this shit show would be competitive advantage. It's
       | everything but.
       | 
       | That being said China has several real competitive advantages
       | over western countries, but media rarely speaks about then.
        
         | raincom wrote:
         | Besides cheap and slave labor, what are other "real competitive
         | advantages over western countries" which China has, but which
         | "media rarely speaks about then" ?
         | 
         | This is not a rhetorical question. Just interested to know.
        
           | jbay808 wrote:
           | Domestic production of almost everything in the world. This
           | is also immensely valuable to innovation because it's easy to
           | make new things and test new ways of making things.
           | 
           | Do you expect that "designed and engineered in X, made in
           | China" is a sustainable situation when most of those
           | designers and engineers have never set foot in the factory
           | that makes their product, and never will?
        
             | raincom wrote:
             | Almost everyone accept what you say. Somehow, the capital
             | class, and the intellectual class (media) heavily discount
             | it.
        
       | runawaybottle wrote:
       | Good move. I wouldn't play games with this type of work and
       | extended hours. The nature of the business means a lot of the
       | work won't equate to perceived personal value, and that burnout
       | and depression will kick in hard inevitably.
       | 
       | They don't want to learn this the hard way, ask those Foxconn
       | suicide jumpers. Nothing is a competitive advantage when you are
       | a melancholic shell of a person.
        
       | nirui wrote:
       | As a Chinese myself, I've been through a lots of this kind of
       | paper reading club. And yes, you read the law you then you
       | roughly know what is illegal. And clearly, those people in the
       | reading club can read paper text in it's literal means, so that's
       | a cognitive pass, congrats!
       | 
       | However, let's don't forget that you cannot form labor union
       | without blessings from the party. Let's also don't forget that in
       | China, company can fire people really easily, they just hide
       | those unfair or even discriminatory reasons under the table, no
       | one will help you because helping people is too costly.
       | 
       | There is a labor union in China of course, The labor union,
       | called ACFTU, or All-China Federation of Trade Unions. I don't
       | remember when was the last time they actually sued
       | someone/company, maybe never.
       | 
       | Personally, I don't think those paper laws and paper institutions
       | are actually there to serve the general public. So I don't even
       | care what they've said, nothing will change for the better.
        
         | Ericson2314 wrote:
         | I feel like there are reasons the government might want these
         | and other related reforms to activately happen? The more
         | corporate interests surely want max exports 4eva, but the state
         | doesn't want quasi-private institutions to get more powerful
         | and would also like a larger consumer economy to be less
         | reliant on the state of the rest of the globe?
         | 
         | People do need to work less to consume more.
        
       | Tarsul wrote:
       | Anyone knows if the verdict says what _would be_ legal? The
       | _article_ only says 996 is illegal.
        
         | rfoo wrote:
         | "Normal" working hours (i.e. 40-hours a week), according to the
         | Labor Law?
         | 
         | China, as a country ruled by communist, do have a Labor Law
         | favoring employees. They just don't enforce it strictly before.
         | For example, you may refuse to work long hours, and if you get
         | fired as a result, you can raise a "labor dispute" and you'll
         | almost always win. The catch is it would take months to resolve
         | and after that, the employer simply pays some severance and
         | nothing more.
        
           | enkid wrote:
           | Is there any reason to think they will start strictly
           | enforcing it? One ruling confirm an already existing law
           | doesn't seem like a watershed moment to me until we see it
           | changing the way companies are prosecuted for their behavior.
        
             | p_l wrote:
             | There is apparently a recent push to go after exploitative
             | practices of big giants, including also in terms of labour
             | policies (including treatment of delivery workers).
             | 
             | And if you want a cynical reading - the companies that are
             | famous for 996 are also the kind of companies that are
             | recently getting reminders that they do not guide the
             | policy in the country, so it's beneficial for the party to
             | actually prosecute them.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | throw0101a wrote:
       | For anyone that does not know:
       | 
       | > _The 996 working hour system (Chinese: 996Gong Zuo Zhi ) is a
       | work schedule practiced by some companies in the People 's
       | Republic of China. It derives its name from its requirement that
       | employees work from 9:00 am to 9:00 pm, 6 days per week; i.e. 72
       | hours per week.[1][2][3][4][5][6]_
       | 
       | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/996_working_hour_system
        
         | opan wrote:
         | Thanks. I'd heard of this before, but my first thought when
         | seeing three numbers describing time is work/play/sleep
         | (commonly 8 of each in the west from what I understand), and it
         | wasn't quite sounding right to me for this context.
        
         | SSLy wrote:
         | It says so in the article too
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | freebee87 wrote:
         | The taxonomy of jobs in china: Local government positions (<20
         | hours per week). Relatively low pay. Little job risk . This
         | positions are by design very easy (Tie Fan Wan  or Iron Rice
         | Bowl). There are long vacations and expectations are very low.
         | If you want to spend your time, smoking, having lunch, and
         | going for walks this is the place for you.
         | 
         | Domestic SME's (20 - 40 hours per week). Moderate job risk -
         | usually from business failure. Think of your small town
         | dentist. If he is on vacation skiing for 2 weeks, no one will
         | complain but business might hurt a bit. Expect Basic, low
         | levels of competence.
         | 
         | Regional and Central Government (40 hours per week). No job
         | risk - substantial risk of being reassigned. One thing the CCP
         | does well is to hire relatively competent people to higher
         | levels positions of governance and MOTIVATE them to accomplish
         | tasks. You will be surprised how many have a reasonable command
         | of English and a daughter with a degree from Oxford.
         | 
         | Division of Non Chinese MNC (40-50 hours per week). Moderate
         | job risk. MNC jobs are considered high status in china because
         | foreign employers are thought to treat employees relatively
         | well. In general they respect local laws and avoid intrusive
         | personal questions. Not considered top of the pecking order.
         | 
         | Large Domestic Exporters (50-60 hours per week). Little job
         | risk - substantial risk of being reassigned. These are the
         | beating heart of Chinese productivity and generally have high
         | quality management. Usually has a local flavor of Taylorism.
         | Loyalty is extremely important. Expect a confusing bureaucracy
         | like any large organization.
         | 
         | Domestic Tech companies (70 hours per week - 996). The pace of
         | product development and iteration within these companies is
         | INSANE. It is like having a three day hackathon only to
         | discover that the team from Missouri solved the problem last
         | night while you were out getting pizza. Code quality,
         | Engineering Practices, IP development does not matter as long
         | as you can crank something out there first. They pay very well
         | by Chinese standards and expect employees to live on the
         | company facilities. Marriage within the company is encouraged
         | as it is thought to foster loyalty. It is common for People
         | burn out very quickly from these jobs.
        
           | ailun wrote:
           | Should note that this describes white-collar jobs. More than
           | half the population works blue-collar or service jobs, and
           | few of them are working less than 6 days a week.
        
         | paulcole wrote:
         | I was confused by this as well until it was cleared up in the
         | first sentence of the article.
        
       | antoniuschan99 wrote:
       | The 996 Github Repo is one of the Top Starred
       | 
       | https://github.com/996icu/996.ICU
        
       | vmception wrote:
       | Illegal in favor of....?
       | 
       | In accordance with which law?
       | 
       | Was it too much work?
       | 
       | Too little work?
       | 
       | Overtime benefits miscalculated?
       | 
       | Does China's legal system have that much nuance?
       | 
       | The _Reuters_ article doesnt say!
        
       | akomtu wrote:
       | CCP starts looking like a US corporation. Their PR department
       | says "996 policy is illegal" and lower-rung VPs read the subtext
       | and make the policy illegal, on paper, but at the same time
       | create conditions that effectively enforce 996 without it being
       | an official policy.
        
         | burnished wrote:
         | That might be the end result but I don't see why you think
         | thats the intent. Literally, what would be the point then?
        
       | tuatoru wrote:
       | I had been waiting for the next announcement. This is the latest
       | move in a series in service of the overarching policy, "increase
       | fertility".
       | 
       | In 2015 the CCP became aware the country was falling off a
       | demographic cliff. It has the example of Japan, whose working-age
       | population has been decreasing since 1997. And it can see the
       | same development in South Korea.
       | 
       | At the time the party responded by altering the one child policy
       | to two children.
       | 
       | Since then it's been lifted to three. That was followed by tax
       | breaks and offering parental leave. (In minuscule quantities, but
       | dilution happens when policy directives filter down from the
       | top.)
       | 
       | Once low fertility has become ingrained in a culture, it takes a
       | lot more than that to turn it around, though. Especially with
       | other anti-fertility head winds (below).
       | 
       | This year the party has:
       | 
       | - put limits on for-profit tutoring and banned teaching the
       | school syllabus to under-sixes--the costs of these were seen as a
       | major road block to having more than one child.
       | 
       | - publicly compared video games to opium (which probably has
       | immense cultural resonance), and acted to limit on-line
       | shopping/personal finance-- both alternative uses of time to the
       | "delights of domestic society".
       | 
       | - and now the party has acted to reduce the effect work has on
       | fertility by helping people to have some time and energy left
       | after work. (Which time and energy it would be inadvisable to
       | spend on video games or shopping, given the panopticon in China.)
       | 
       | ----
       | 
       | The party will need to go further, though. There are still a lot
       | of things in the way of having more than one child. The party
       | will have to alter the hukou system so that children can attend
       | schools and medical facilities in the cities where their parents
       | work rather than in the villages where they officially live. It
       | will have to reform the gaokao college entrance exam system.
       | 
       | It will also have to act to curb housing prices (Chinese men
       | basically can't get a partner unless they own housing), and it
       | will have to raise retirement ages and introduce a pension so
       | that people don't have to save so desperately to support their
       | parents and then themselves in old age. (Retirement is at 55 for
       | women in China--or was until recently.)
       | 
       | I expect raising retirement ages to come soon, maybe in two
       | years. However, once a generation has been raised in which one-
       | child familes is the norm, it's difficult to lift fertility to
       | two or more children.
       | 
       | 1. Japan's working age population:
       | https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/LFWA64TTJPM647S
       | 
       | 2. Japan's population pyramid for comparison:
       | https://www.populationpyramid.net/japan/2019/
       | 
       | 3. China's population pyramid:
       | https://www.populationpyramid.net/china/2019/
        
         | goodpoint wrote:
         | If humanity is to survive on this planet, decreasing
         | consumption and pollution and ensuring economical degrowth are
         | the first priorities.
         | 
         | Reaching 0 or negative population growth globally is part of
         | this.
         | 
         | Getting out of such unsustainable competitive mindset is the
         | first step.
        
           | kamray23 wrote:
           | Degrowth is not a reasonable idea. Humanity lives for
           | humanity, not for the Earth. We just happen to need the
           | Earth. Progress is the good way out, for both humanity and
           | the Earth.
           | 
           | Humanity could, energy-wise, become green within a few years,
           | were it a profitable investment. We have fresh water and
           | food, both in global surplus. Pollution-wise, the only reason
           | everything isn't recycled is that it's cheaper to not do so.
           | 
           | After we have that squared away, space mining technology is
           | currently moving at an immense rate. It wouldn't be
           | profitable to do so yet, but if we disregard that, it would
           | be possible. That alone takes out most of our environmental
           | impact outside of energy.
           | 
           | It's not a matter of us running out of capacity. This planet
           | can support 10-12 billion without breaking a sweat. It's a
           | matter of us being unwilling to move towards that goal,
           | prioritising having constant growth in the short term over
           | having sustainable overall growth in the long term.
           | 
           | Sometimes it isn't about simple capital gain, the profits
           | made from asteroid mining are not monetary but environmental.
           | And yet modern economics, essentialist and ossified, is so
           | obsessed with the idea of number go up that we can't go
           | there.
        
             | blix wrote:
             | Degrowth is probably more likely than humans deciding
             | overnight to stop optimizing for profit and short-term
             | growth. It just might be unintended.
             | 
             | I'm not sure why we should seek to maximize the
             | exploitation of the planet to optimize for total number of
             | human beings. This "obsession with making a number go up"
             | seems like a very unhealthy goal as a species.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | kamray23 wrote:
               | That's not the point. The point of all society is to
               | maximise human enjoyment, to satisfy the needs of humans.
               | That's the point of an economy, it's the point of having
               | states, it's the point of manufacture and it's the point
               | of farming. The only "number go up" obsession that exists
               | is making sure there is plenty in this world for humans
               | to enjoy, and that includes keeping the Earth safe and
               | clean.
               | 
               | Degrowth is nothing but a total betrayal of human values
               | for some idea of cosmic justice for what is essentially a
               | chaotic clockwork ball hurling through space. Not only
               | that but it's misplaced betrayal, since while humans
               | might hurt themselves through climate change, the Earth
               | will certainly not be affected in the long term.
               | 
               | Climate change is fought for Earth, for humans. Fighting
               | it through feudalism makes no sense, and is, at least in
               | my view, less likely than humanity investing in long-term
               | prosperity.
               | 
               | For degrowth to happen modern society has to damn near
               | collapse. You'd have to scale back production massively,
               | to the extent that most people wouldn't have jobs to do
               | as there's nothing to produce without going over your
               | production quota. You wouldn't get much enjoyment out of
               | what you have as even a sort of upper lower class
               | lifestyle in the west would go well over consumption
               | goals. Life would essentially regress towards some
               | pseudo-feudal system. Money would eventually lose all
               | meaning as people would have to be provided for or mass
               | starvation policies would have to be put into place. No
               | reasonable species would accept this and giant revolts
               | would inevitably break out.
               | 
               | What is far more likely is that states take increasing
               | control of production in society and simply rationally
               | design it to prevent excess, with markets being thrown
               | out the window. The market system has shown itself to be
               | fundamentally incapable of rationally planning for and
               | preventing climate change and other excesses on a large
               | scale.
               | 
               | Whether that means total abandonment of free markets or
               | heavy regulation of corporations I do not know, but it's
               | nevertheless far more likely than degrowth is.
        
               | blix wrote:
               | Degrowth has happened many times before in human history,
               | including last year. Almost no one wanted it but it still
               | happened. As far as I know, total abandonment of free
               | markets has not ever happened, despite many people saying
               | they want it. I have a hard time believing something that
               | has never happened is more likely than something that has
               | happened repeatedly throughout human history and also
               | last year.
               | 
               | "Plenty for humans to enjoy" is wealth. The change in
               | wealth over time is profit. Maximizing enjoyment is
               | maximizing profit. Whether you are talking about
               | individual short term profit, or collective long term
               | profit, the problems with number-going-up-obsession are
               | ultimately the same.
               | 
               | > Money would eventually lose all meaning as people would
               | have to be provided for or mass starvation policies would
               | have to be put into place.
               | 
               | I'm unclear how this is different than the total
               | abandonment of free markets. There's even historical
               | precedent.
               | 
               | > You wouldn't get much enjoyment out of what you have...
               | 
               | It seems implicit in your argument that more wealth is
               | more human enjoyment. I'm not so sure that is true. By
               | virtue of being alive in 2021 and posting on HN, you are
               | likely one of the wealthiest humans to have ever lived.
               | Do you think you are one of the happiest?
               | 
               | One of the problems with the religion of numbers-going-up
               | is that there are always bigger numbers. I think this is
               | a pretty bad relgion honestly. Unfortunately it is very
               | popular.
        
             | bobthepanda wrote:
             | > We have fresh water and food, both in global surplus.
             | 
             | This is a bit misleading, if only because what matters is
             | not necessarily the aggregate amount of food but getting it
             | where it is in demand. It would be an incredible waste of
             | resources to ship freshwater from the Great Lakes to
             | Northern China, for example. And most of the countries that
             | have food security issues have issues not only with the
             | amount of food they have, but the means to get food in
             | people's mouths in time before spoilage.
        
           | tuatoru wrote:
           | I agree. I don't advocate for what China is doing. I'm
           | describing what I see.
           | 
           | If a state (country) has "continue to exist forever" as an
           | objective, then under that it will have "maintain national
           | security in both the short run and the long run" as a sub-
           | objective, and part of that is "maintain military strength'.
           | To maintain a military requires a population of young adults.
           | It always has, throughout history (and probably before).
           | 
           | CCP leaders both know history and are numerate. They can also
           | stick with policies for at least ten years.
           | 
           | Again, I'm describing what I see, not advocating for it.
           | 
           | Apart from population momentum, we have the conditions for
           | long-run negative growth everywhere in the world except in
           | sub-Saharan Africa. Momentum should dissipate in another
           | generation. Sub-Saharan Africa seems unlikely to meet the
           | UN's population projections for other reasons.
           | 
           | 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_momentum
        
         | tsjq wrote:
         | agree with the observation. it was legal when it was benefiting
         | them. now when they have other priorities, suddenly this is
         | illegal. same with 1-child, 2-child , 3-child policy. now their
         | priority is to expand their population into Tibet, Afghanistan
         | , Xinjiang, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, etc new territories: in the
         | next 2-3 decades. so, population growth becomes paramount
         | priority. So, "drop everything else. make more babies"
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | So they just tell employees to leave one minute before 9pm.
        
       | redis_mlc wrote:
       | The article didn't mention the real reason for moving away from
       | 996.
       | 
       | The current unemployment rate is over 20%. (They call it the
       | "flexible market.") And China might be called a Communist
       | country, but there's few benefits unless you're a CCP member.
        
       | defaultprimate wrote:
       | As if the majority of China has the luxury of only working 72
       | hours a week.
        
       | steve76 wrote:
       | If people you hate, like big oil or the police ran a tabloid,
       | would you believe it? That's what you are reading here. You think
       | they are honest? The only thing their leadership cares about is
       | the facade of legitimacy. They will say and do anything to get
       | it. They do not care about what you care about, GDP, world peace,
       | knowledge. They only care about avoiding the gallows and stopping
       | a mob of their own people from clubbing them to death in the
       | streets.
       | 
       | Your own people hate you. They do not want you around. If you
       | really want to help people, leave. Retire to Singapore or
       | Malaysia or Brunei or Auckland and learn to leave other people
       | alone. They're fine without you. With you is a living waking
       | nightmare.
        
       | the_cramer wrote:
       | I once had a chinese colleague who came to europe for a few
       | years. She always thought we were lazy for working so short and
       | every argument i brought up about mental health and work
       | efficiency was met with a: "but it works for us".
       | 
       | What i did not understand back then is the absolute
       | replaceability of personel in the chinese market. You work long
       | and hard or tomorrow someone else does it.
       | 
       | Not only is this a big reason of the economical prowess of china
       | in my opinion, i fear that this work-ethic will come back sooner
       | or later to europe to "stay competitive".
       | 
       | In the face of bankcruptcy or market pressure... managers tend to
       | make irrational and/or unethical decisions. And they will find a
       | way to circumvent the laws. I am also sure that chinese companies
       | will find a way to circumvent the 996 ruling here.
        
         | pizza234 wrote:
         | There's a documentary that shows exactly this phenomenon,
         | American Factory.
         | 
         | > i fear that this work-ethic will come back sooner or later to
         | europe to "stay competitive"
         | 
         | I'm a bit more optimistic. In a culture where productivity is
         | not the be-all and end-all, staying competitive at the cost
         | one's whole life, will not take roots. I think that
         | productivity also has different dimensions, which helps.
        
           | secondaryacct wrote:
           | What europeans like me who want to try something else do is
           | simple: we emigrate to China and see how it is.
           | 
           | We dont all need to all do the same thing, and the biggest
           | fallacy of all is that we re in competition with each other.
           | We trade more or less efficiently but since doors are always
           | half open, heh, just jump if you want.
           | 
           | Can even change with age.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | > simple: we emigrate to China
             | 
             | Let us know how simple this works out in practice.
        
               | feu wrote:
               | It wasn't especially difficult pre-COVID. I know a few
               | people from the UK and Bulgaria who have done so.
        
               | usr1106 wrote:
               | Yes. And I know some who returned around 2018ish because
               | the oppression was growing a lot.
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | > Not only is this a big reason of the economical prowess of
         | china in my opinion, i fear that this work-ethic will come back
         | sooner or later to europe to "stay competitive".
         | 
         | We rather will introduce tariffs to fight against price
         | dumping. We have the mechanism for that and politicians are
         | slowly waking up and realizing that China is an enemy that must
         | be fought.
        
         | stephen_g wrote:
         | Why would it come back? I don't think any research has ever
         | shown that working those kind of hours in "knowledge work" is
         | sustainable or conducive to high productivity long-term.
         | 
         | I expect the "replaceability" that you mention isn't just "work
         | long and hard or somebody else will", but also "work long and
         | hard, because you can be easily replaced as soon as you have a
         | breakdown"...
        
         | tellersid wrote:
         | I am an American but I completely resonate with Confucian
         | values when it comes to work and learning.
         | 
         | The most insulting thing to me would be to be called lazy. I
         | can see as a society with that many people though this would
         | naturally go too far.
         | 
         | In the West, we are not lazy but delusional as a society. We
         | are the boxing champion that has quit hard training because
         | they think they can't be beat. This is pretty natural after
         | being the champ for so long. We don't need to train, we can
         | just party and still win. That works until the younger talented
         | hungry competitor comes along and you get knocked out. A tale
         | as old as boxing, a tale as old as human history.
        
           | ChefboyOG wrote:
           | Did you just call Rocky IV "a tale as old as human history?"
        
             | throwaway284534 wrote:
             | Well, to be generous, Gilgamesh did suffer from a boredom
             | so severe that his own people begged the gods to bring him
             | an equal. After Enkidu showed up, he spent more time
             | adventuring and fighting mythical creatures, instead of
             | wrestling the townsfolk and enjoying the perks of prima
             | nocta.
        
         | tandem5000 wrote:
         | It's an instance of Prisoner's dilemma.[1]
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoner%27s_dilemma
        
         | simonh wrote:
         | They've swallowed an ideological fallacy that simply working
         | your pants off for long hours means you will win. The USSR had
         | the same disease, if they just worked their people 20% harder
         | than the west did then they would inevitably be more productive
         | and economically 'win'. It's variation of the lump of labour
         | fallacy.
         | 
         | Don't fall for it. It's thinking like this that leads to
         | managers optimising for the wrong metrics. Hours worked is
         | clearly the wrong metric. Companies don't exist to simply
         | employ workers for long hours, and thinking that way leads you
         | down the wrong path right from the start. You need to look at
         | where the value actually comes from, and this is sometimes
         | subtle and not at all obvious.
         | 
         | Here's a challenge. A taxi driver in London earns about 4x what
         | a taxi driver in Beijing does, in objective international value
         | terms. Why? What factors might lead to that difference? If your
         | value system can't answer that question, then it's wrong. They
         | do quite legitimately earn 4x as much because the work they are
         | doing is worth 4x as much, and there must be a reason.
        
           | the-dude wrote:
           | Baumol's cost disease :
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baumol%27s_cost_disease
        
           | solaarphunk wrote:
           | They earn 4x more because the world is not truly flat, and
           | there are artificial/natural barriers which hamper
           | competition such as; movement of humans, scarcity of taxi
           | medallions along with fixed pricing, input costs of a taxi
           | ride (cost of living, gasoline + subsidies/taxes), labor laws
           | etc.
        
           | rvba wrote:
           | USSR was never efficient. People literally did not care about
           | their jobs. Especially after stalinism ended, many did the
           | absolute minimum. Since everything was state owned it was
           | owned by nobody - so nobody cared about maintenance, workers
           | often stole from their companies, did not show to work
           | because they stood in queues..
           | 
           | They had sayings like: "doesnt matter if you lie or stand,you
           | will get 3 thousand at the end" (what meant that there were
           | no rewards for those who worked harder).
           | 
           | There could have been some islands of efficiency (perhaps in
           | closed cities where workers could get accused of being spies
           | if they didnt try hard enough) but for generic workers
           | efficiency did not matter.
           | 
           | And I dont even write about inefficiencies of central planned
           | system itself, where rewards did not come from market forces
           | + falsified statistics on top, so nobody even knew the truth.
           | 
           | Even the communists knew that their system is inefficient,
           | which you can see in many places. For example in "aquarium"
           | novel by Suvorov one of the spies talks how they run out of
           | meat and bread, but the system got so inefficient that it run
           | out of people to murder.
           | 
           | USSR didnt work people harder. Political prisoners yes, but
           | the normal people were incredibly ineffective. Even films
           | made during communism laughed at that.
        
             | stayfrosty420 wrote:
             | Sounds a lot like many very large multinationals to me.
             | People don't get fired because managers don't want to
             | expose themselves to the possible legal ramifications, so
             | they just move them to a place where they can cause as
             | little damage as possible.
        
               | dron57 wrote:
               | It's a very apt comparison to large multinationals, but
               | this one had hundreds of millions of "employees". So you
               | can imagine how little people cared about their jobs.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | > the work they are doing is worth 4x as much
           | 
           | This is a purchasing power parity argument; moving people
           | around in London is "worth" more because they have more
           | money, and money that is more valuable on the global exchange
           | rate market.
        
             | owlmirror wrote:
             | You must ask yourself what is the reason that people in
             | London have more money. Purchasing power is not something
             | that manifests itself out of thin air, as well as exchange
             | rates of money.
             | 
             | An economy in which the people have multiple times the
             | purchasing power must do something right. And moving people
             | in that economy around is more valuable than moving people
             | elsewhere.
        
               | smokey_circles wrote:
               | >You must ask yourself what is the reason that people in
               | London have more money
               | 
               | As an African that's an easy answer. They stole it.
               | 
               | Before you all go clutching your pearls: it's beyond
               | impractical to even suggest paying it back nor would I
               | even want to think about that. Not an option. not
               | suggesting it.
               | 
               | But don't pretend it's because you're special. You stole
               | it. Just own it.
        
               | randomopining wrote:
               | How did they "steal" it? Like they came and stole your
               | gold 200 years ago and now they're rich forever? lol.
               | 
               | How did your African country get all this modern tech
               | that you didn't work towards to invent? How are you using
               | the internet? You must've stolen it.
               | 
               | Maybe some countries simply have a good flow of education
               | --> production --> exchange high quality goods for
               | currency.
        
               | stayfrosty420 wrote:
               | >How did they "steal" it? Like they came and stole your
               | gold 200 years ago and now they're rich forever? lol.
               | 
               | Explains how a small island in north Europe with a weak
               | military and flagging economy is on the UN security
               | council.
        
               | t0ughcritic wrote:
               | 200-300 years of bankrupting countries like India. But
               | they say all is fair in war. So it is what it is.
        
               | nepeckman wrote:
               | > How did they "steal" it? Like they came and stole your
               | gold 200 years ago and now they're rich forever? lol.
               | 
               | Unironically, yes this is how capitalism works. If you
               | have resources, you leverage those resources to produce
               | goods and services that increase your total wealth. If I
               | were to walk into a bank and steal a couple million
               | dollars, maybe I could leverage that money into a
               | successful business. Maybe so successful that it produces
               | inner-generational wealth, so that my great-great-
               | grandchildren are on average more wealthy than they would
               | have been otherwise. I may have "earned" this money with
               | my hypothetical business skills, but it doesn't change
               | the fact that I only had the opportunity because I stole
               | the money.
               | 
               | So yeah, many enterprising individuals took land and
               | resources (and plenty of slave labor) from the
               | Americas/Africa/Asia for hundreds of years, and were able
               | to leverage those resources into even more wealth, thus
               | people in London have more money, thus taxi drivers make
               | more money.
        
               | simonh wrote:
               | The problem with this is that WW2 wiped us out
               | financially, and then post-war nationalisation wiped us
               | out economically. ww1 had done a pretty good job on us as
               | well, as did the depression between the wars.
               | 
               | The value of the UK economy, since around 1930, has
               | increased in PPP terms by about 90%. So there's a
               | reasonable argument the value in 1930 was partly down to
               | imperialism, although I think industrialisation was a
               | much bigger factor. Still, the 90% of our economic value
               | we accrued since then certainly didn't come from
               | colonialism, so where did it come from?
               | 
               | Look at Japan, yes it had an empire for a few decades
               | before WW2, but that was mainly a result of
               | industrialisation that had already happened, not a cause
               | of it. Look at what's happened in China since it opened
               | up and liberalised it's economy. At least they finally,
               | finally figured this out.
        
               | akomtu wrote:
               | You mean they stole gold and cadmium? There are three
               | uses of raw minerals: as jewelry, as something to
               | exchange for goods, and as a component of high tech. For
               | most of the Africa, minerals are jewelry at most and to
               | get goods, you need an advanced nation to produce these
               | goods for you. The phone you're using to post these
               | comments has trace amounts of gold and cobalt, probably
               | sourced in Africa, but the rest - the Internet in
               | particular - wasnt created in Africa. And by using goods
               | produced in Europe/America/China, you become complicit in
               | this arrangement.
        
               | rosmax_1337 wrote:
               | There are western countries that are wealthy despite
               | little to no involvement in slave trade. For example
               | Finland. Historical injustices happened between all
               | peoples, and Africans were not a special case, but have
               | been made into a special case because of race relations
               | being very poor primarily in the US.
               | 
               | Your bottom line might still be correct however, wealth
               | is a measure of resources and resources are more or less
               | distributed in a zero-sum game. Whenever someone won
               | something, someone else lost something. The importance of
               | the English Empire and their naval dominance isn't
               | something to downplay, and something they indeed should
               | "own", rather than dismiss.
        
               | TremendousJudge wrote:
               | >There are western countries that are wealthy despite
               | little to no involvement in slave trade.
               | 
               | You're actually the first to mention the slave trade in
               | the chain -- the discussion was just about wealth. Latin
               | America is still also poor when compared to the
               | "developed countries" at the top of the economic food
               | chain, and their people weren't exported as slaves.
               | 
               | But the economic and political structures left by
               | colonialism (both internal and international) meant that
               | the people from these countries could never get out of
               | that hole. Ultimately, people in Finland live much better
               | than in Bolivia because there's a lot more money going
               | around to build nice infrastructure, pay for teachers,
               | quality goods, food, and so on, and where this money
               | comes from can be traced all the way to colonialism.
               | 
               | Nokia couldn't have existed in Bolivia, even though the
               | raw materials to make phones can be found there. It lacks
               | absolutely everything else that is required to maintain a
               | company like that: infrastructure, education, political
               | stability. And the reason why this country lacks all of
               | these things, is this "historical injustice". It's not
               | only that the wealth was stolen, but also the capacity to
               | create more wealth was stolen, not just the cobalt, but
               | also the hypothetical industry that could have generated
               | wealth for the people of the country.
        
               | disgruntledphd2 wrote:
               | How do you explain the existence of the Republic of
               | Ireland then?
               | 
               | It was definitely colonised, lost all it's forests for
               | the navies of the Empire, and yet is actually pretty rich
               | today (although we still have a lot of post-colonial
               | syndrome, to be fair).
        
               | rocknor wrote:
               | It's in the EU? It has proximity to other rich countries?
               | It wasn't left in nearly as bad state as ME/Africa/South
               | Asia after decolonization? Want more? Just read a book or
               | two.
        
               | throwaway210222 wrote:
               | > As an African that's an easy answer. They stole it.
               | 
               | As another African, your logic and morality are a
               | disgrace.
        
               | alienthrowaway wrote:
               | As yet another African, the logic is pretty solid to me:
               | the literal _Crown Jewels_ of the United Kingdom have
               | gems plundered from the colonies, most notable is the
               | biggest gem of the entire collection: the diamond known
               | as  "The Star of Africa".
        
               | randomopining wrote:
               | And how do the Crown Jewels give any level of wealth to
               | the common person of the UK?
               | 
               | Do the Crown Jewels produce billions of dollars daily
               | that gets handed out to each citizen?
               | 
               | Or was it actually the British creating ships, goods,
               | establishing trading posts, furthering science and
               | creating the newest machinery etc... that created their
               | wealth? (And still creates it to this day)
        
               | throwaway210222 wrote:
               | Indeed.
               | 
               | And since we are on the topic of the South African 'Star
               | of Africa', the astute investor should note that those
               | muppets in South Africa are busy changing their
               | constitution to allow the expropriation of private
               | property from their own citizens (never mind evil
               | foreigners) a) without compensation, and b) just for
               | kicks - without recourse to the courts.
               | 
               | So I ask you: would you be happy if your pension
               | administrator sold up in Switzerland and USA invested
               | your retirement in South African farms and factories?
               | 
               | It will impoverish them further, and yet it will be
               | someone else's fault.
               | 
               | This is how we in Africa roll.
        
               | notpachet wrote:
               | Why? I think there's a definite argument to be made that
               | a large part of the West's foundation of economic power
               | is rooted in a history of colonialism and global
               | oppression.
        
               | throwaway210222 wrote:
               | > a large part
               | 
               | Yip, they sure stole a lot of stuff - as of course did
               | the Mongols and the Aztecs who are now dirt poor. In
               | addition, the Ventians and Swiss never colonised anyone
               | and are/were dripping cash.
               | 
               | But your comment is already a lot more nuanced than the
               | OP's lazy cliched statements.
               | 
               | A hell of a lot of their wealth also came from, amongst
               | other things:
               | 
               | - individual rights - e,g, Magna caerta - no theft
               | involved
               | 
               | - invention of limited liability corporations
               | 
               | - cadastas and private property rights (no theft
               | involved)
               | 
               | - common law based on precedent (no theft involved)
               | 
               | - investment in mechanised warfare (to keep what they
               | made and stole, see Mongols above)
               | 
               | - etc. etc.
               | 
               | Once only has to compare Singapore (colonised by British
               | and Japanese) with Ghana since independence in the 1960s.
               | Singapore has no water, no resources, no power, is
               | surrounded by hostile neighbours, but is absolutely
               | loaded. Ghana is resource rich and dirt poor.
               | 
               | You can decide for yourself who implemented the list
               | above and who did not. You can also guess who is going to
               | keep digging the hole they are in.
               | 
               | But I guess in certain progressive circles, "they stole
               | it" passes for a rigourous analysis. [ And they get the
               | bonus of claiming the moral high ground of being the
               | perpetual victim ].
               | 
               | The OP should read Hernando de Soto instead.
        
               | 7sidedmarble wrote:
               | It has been noticed that resource rich countries in
               | Africa actually do worse on average than those without.
               | There's a lot of theories as to why: a common one is that
               | it leads to brittle economies with all their eggs in one
               | basket. If your country is rich in emeralds let's say, it
               | doesn't take the entire countries population to mine
               | enough to sell, so what does everyone else do when the
               | whole economy is built around emerald mining? This leads
               | to higher unemployment that's been seen in the mineral
               | rich African states. It also means the economy is very
               | sensitive to the market of the few goods they are rich
               | in.
               | 
               | In essence: it is the effect of the entire European world
               | coming in, taking whatever they want, and then absolutely
               | ensuring that independence would be doomed to fail. These
               | economies fail because they're not modern. If Europe
               | wanted Africa to succeed post-colonialisn: it could have
               | helped train people, build infrastructure, etc. Instead
               | they secured rights for foreign companies to continue the
               | work of imperialism even today.
        
               | randomopining wrote:
               | Your great and nuanced answer is being downvoted. Shows
               | how insane some of these bubbles are.
               | 
               | They can't face the facts and want to hide their ego
               | behind simple cliche statements that don't capture even
               | 1% of the reality of history.
        
               | simonh wrote:
               | My wife is Chinese and she was taught in the 80s that the
               | reason the UK is richer than China was that 100 earlier
               | before we stole their best stuff.
               | 
               | Yes these thefts did happen, our big trading companies
               | were basically organised piracy and extortion. There is
               | an argument that we're still benefiting from investments
               | in infrastructure and social development back then.
               | 
               | That's not why anyone in London today earns more for
               | similar work than people in China or Africa though. You
               | can't apply that argument to say Japan, South Korea or
               | Taiwan for example, or to China today. 20 years ago the
               | Chinese taxi driver would have earned 1/10th of the
               | London taxi driver. Now it's 1/4. Britain burning down
               | the Summer Palace in the 1860s is just not a factor in
               | the reasons for why it used to be 1/10th in 2000 or is
               | now 1/4.
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | Yeah, no.
               | 
               | Being essentially a colonial slave does not help at all
               | increase labour productivity, nor valorizing labour.
               | Having no ownership of the capital your labour is used
               | into doesn't help.
               | 
               | From that on you can very easily get a 100 year setback
               | economically. Then you have to play catch-up
               | economically. That's where the social dysfunction,
               | literal assasinations, and ethnic regimentation kick in
               | :)
               | 
               | Sure it's not 100% about colonialism, but that's the
               | deciding factor.
        
               | 7sidedmarble wrote:
               | All the countries doing well today either were
               | historically imperial, ie., most of Europe, America,
               | Japan, China, Russia, or were or are now connected to
               | imperial countries as 'allies' like South Korea. Any
               | remaining difference is explained by these imperial
               | powers continuing to project power gained through
               | violence by soft means: dominating culture and
               | international trade. The calculus really is that simple.
               | 
               | The case of Britain vs China isn't a particularly
               | interesting one in this dynamic: it's just the dynamic
               | great powers have always had within their group. The
               | older state has more momentum but is sunsetting. Their
               | wealth still comes from the exact same place, they just
               | haven't quite equalized yet.
        
               | simonh wrote:
               | Japan did have an empire for a few decades in the early
               | 1900s but there's no way any benefits from that persisted
               | into the post-war period. Anyway their industrialisation
               | was a cause of their imperial success, knocking over
               | their neighbours that had failed to develop, not a result
               | of it.
               | 
               | I see you avoided mention of South Korea or Taiwan.
               | Israel is another example. I'm actually pretty bullish on
               | Iran if they could kick out the clerics, that country has
               | massive potential.
               | 
               | I think it's fair to characterise China as an imperial
               | power, but how much of their current economic power
               | actually comes from controlling say Tibet or Xinjiang?
               | Those are marginal backwaters. They get a bit of forced
               | labour and cheap vegetables. Maybe some minerals, but
               | nothing they couldn't have bought fairly cheaply from
               | Australia.
               | 
               | Do you actually, genuinely think not having their
               | peripheral controlled territories would have prevented
               | China developing? Seriously?
        
               | selfhoster11 wrote:
               | It definitely is the reason why. Part of what sets
               | compensation in London is the cost of real estate, and
               | those prices have their origins in the stolen wealth.
        
               | simonh wrote:
               | Property values have risen 30x in the last century in PPP
               | terms. Colonialism might have had an impact on the
               | starting value back then, but the other 97% of the
               | current value was accumulated since then and came from
               | somewhere else.
               | 
               | If you think the UK has an advanced economy due to 19th
               | century colonialism you then need to explain the
               | development of countries like Taiwan, Japan and South
               | Korea. Japan went from feudal backwater to major global
               | power in 80 years, and it completed that transformation
               | 80 years ago. If you don't believe the UK did anything
               | worthwhile in the last century to earn it's way and is
               | free riding on the profits from stolen Zimbabwean tobacco
               | from 1910, ok fine, now explain Japan.
        
               | rocknor wrote:
               | Sure, the UK has certainly not been free riding from its
               | profits. But the UK wouldn't be nearly as rich as it is
               | now without the initial investment that came from
               | plundering colonies. Innovation doesn't come for free,
               | wealth is needed to finance it. People say the physical
               | resources that were stolen don't matter, but that's
               | absolutely not true, they matter a lot, even to this day
               | (see how the media is talking about the Taliban sitting
               | on trillions of dollars of minerals in Afghanistan).
               | 
               | For example, if not for India, Britain would be
               | absolutely destroyed after WW2 and would be far from
               | their current position in the 21st century (assuming
               | allies still somehow win, big if). India was Britain's
               | cash cow and is the reason why it survived the war.
        
               | simonh wrote:
               | We did very well out of plundering colonies, yes, to our
               | shame. I don't think it has any relevance to our economy
               | now though. Compare us to Germany, Austria and Sweden.
               | They never had significant empires. Do you think we would
               | be massively poorer now compared to those countries if we
               | hadn't had the Empire? Is the only reason we can compete
               | with them now the fact that until the 1950s we had India?
               | 
               | Germany put the lie to imperial supremacy in 1940 when
               | they comprehensively but-kicked France and Britain. They
               | proved that industrialisation is what mattered and by
               | then imperial mercantilism was a distraction. We were
               | only saved by the English channel, and yes thanks to
               | India. The fact we had India undoubtedly saved us, but in
               | a last ditch final card up our sleeve that kept us in the
               | game kind of way. Not in a trump card that meant Germany
               | never had a chance from the start kind of way.
        
               | sangnoir wrote:
               | > but the other 97% of the current value came from
               | somewhere else.
               | 
               | It the value literally came from somewhere else
               | (geographically), funneled through the financial district
               | and spread to the local economy. London is the bay area,
               | but for bankers.
               | 
               | The City of London has been laundering money for
               | centuries. Lately, there's a lot of Russian/former soviet
               | oligarch money sloshing about, and the Square Mile
               | doesn't ask too many questions about source of funds. Not
               | too long ago, HSBC was slapped on the wrist for
               | laundering cartel money.
        
               | simonh wrote:
               | "Lately, there's a lot of Russian/former soviet oligarch
               | money sloshing about".
               | 
               | This keeps getting brought up but it's inconsequential at
               | the scale of the total economy. As I pointed out
               | elsewhere already on this thread, total Russian inward
               | flows to this country accounts for about 1% of foreign
               | investment. Now yes absolutely, foreign investment is a
               | significant factor in the UK economy, about 20%. That
               | makes a big difference, but Russian oligarch funds are
               | not a significant part of that, they're just a
               | politically and socially highly visible one that gets
               | talked about a lot.
               | 
               | The reason London is a centre for laundering money is
               | that it's a massive mainstream finance centre. So yes,
               | you're on the right track, but you're obsessing over a
               | small forest footpath and missing the mainstream economic
               | motorway right next to it.
               | 
               | US FDI into the UK is more than 30x that from Russia.
               | That from the EU is even bigger. This is the stuff that
               | moves the needle.
        
               | ativzzz wrote:
               | > Japan went from feudal backwater to major global power
               | in 80 years, and it completed that transformation 80
               | years ago
               | 
               | Japan achieved this by looking to countries like England
               | as an example and becoming an imperialist and colonizing
               | parts of Southeast Asia - kicking out some of the
               | European countries who held those colonies in the
               | process.
               | 
               | So yea they did the same thing to get wealthy - stealing
               | resources.
        
               | simonh wrote:
               | Japanese expansionism was enabled by their
               | industrialisation, not a cause of it. Yes they wanted
               | access to resources, but it would have been dramatically
               | cheaper to just buy them than incur the massive costs of
               | conquest. They expanded because they thought that's what
               | you do to succeed, but as the post war period has shown
               | that's just not the case and never was. Anyway the war
               | wiped them out, there's no way any benefits of their
               | territorial expansionism before the war carried over into
               | the post-war period.
               | 
               | Look at Germany, they never had any significant empire,
               | but they still brought rest of Europe including the
               | imperial powers to their knees in 1940. That conflict
               | showed that the imperial mercantilism of the previous
               | centuries just wasn't relevant anymore.
               | 
               | If imperialism was so great, there's no way Germany
               | should have conceivably been able to roll over the
               | imperial superpowers of France and Britain. The only
               | thing that saved the UK was the English Channel. What
               | mattered was industrialisation, along with economic and
               | financial liberalisation. Every country that has done
               | well in the last 100 years, except a few resource states
               | like those in OPEC, has done so this way.
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | To be fair, quite a lot of the London wealth more
               | recently has been stolen by Russians, or is the rightful
               | property of murderous feudal monarchs in the middle east.
               | We're an equal opportunity laundry.
        
               | quotz wrote:
               | If Europeans were to argue about theft and slavery
               | between themselves we would have endless wars and
               | constant World War scenarios. Europe, since Ancient Greek
               | time, was at war with itself literally all the time. I
               | believe not a single day has passed in the history of
               | Europe were there wasnt war waged up until modern times.
               | Slavery and war treasures were omnipresent. its just the
               | name of the game.
        
               | rocknor wrote:
               | Bad argument, not even comparable. Colonization of
               | Africa, Asia and Americas was orders of magnitude worse,
               | and more importantly, incredibly recent. Which is why the
               | lingering effects are still there.
        
               | simonh wrote:
               | Well of course there are lingering effects. Sure. They're
               | just not having macroscopic economic impact today.
               | 
               | If Europe was able to develop off the back of exploiting
               | African resources, how come in the several generations
               | since, Africa hasn't been able to develop off the back of
               | African resources? What about all the developed countries
               | that never had any significant empire? There are plenty
               | of them.
        
               | rocknor wrote:
               | > They're just not having macroscopic economic impact
               | today.
               | 
               | Nope. Sorry, you can't whitewash the facts so easily, us
               | from the former colonies won't let you!
               | 
               | https://voxeu.org/article/economic-impact-colonialism
               | 
               | > If this is right, then a third of income inequality in
               | the world today can be explained by the varying impact of
               | European colonialism on different societies. A big deal.
               | 
               | > how come in the several generations since, Africa
               | hasn't been able to develop off the back of African
               | resources
               | 
               | Who says it hasn't? I invite you to look at graphs at
               | https://gapminder.org/tools. You must avoid the natural
               | binary thinking tendency, there is a whole spectrum
               | between "developing" and "developed". Don't forget that
               | factors like geographical/religious/linguistic etc affect
               | speed of development. Why are black people in the US
               | still not doing well, despite living in the richest
               | country in the world? It is hard to get out of the
               | vicious cycle of poverty.
               | 
               | > What about all the developed countries that never had
               | any significant empire
               | 
               | Hmm, sneaky attempt at changing goal posts - I never said
               | colonization was necessary for development!
        
               | hippari wrote:
               | I believe the comparison isn't adequate here since the
               | British got massive advantages after WW2.
        
               | simonh wrote:
               | Britain came out of WW2 deeply fcuk'd. We'd lost the
               | Empire, owed the US a crapton in loans, and then were
               | economically smothered under a nationalisation programme
               | that wiped out UK manufacturing competitiveness. At least
               | we got the NHS (no small thing) and a passable social
               | security system out of it. The economy we have today is
               | the one Maggie re-engineered in the 1980s. Even the Blair
               | government had the good sense to not dare touch it.
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | > Britain came out of WW2 deeply fcuk'd. We'd lost the
               | Empire, owed the US a crapton in loans, and then were
               | economically smothered under a nationalisation programme
               | that wiped out UK manufacturing competitiveness.
               | 
               | .. and on all those metrics China came out _much_ worse
               | (the civil war, no marshall plan, proxy war with the US,
               | communism), as well as _not_ having the massive advantage
               | of having been an industrial power long before the war.
               | 
               | This article dates the takeoff to 1978 (Deng), which
               | seems reasonable:
               | https://www.stlouisfed.org/publications/regional-
               | economist/a...
               | 
               | Perhaps the question should be "at what date in the
               | future do we expect the cost of a taxi in London and one
               | in Beijing to equalize"?
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | Beijing? Maybe 2050, maybe sooner. 200 km away in
               | countryside outside Beijing vs 200 km away countryside
               | outside London? Probably much longer.
        
               | refurb wrote:
               | People underestimate just how bad Britain was financially
               | after WW2. The one thing that hit home for me was Britain
               | still had a good ration system in place until the early
               | 1950's (obviously fewer and few items as time went by).
        
               | patrickk wrote:
               | Britain subsequently benefited from transforming itself
               | from an imperial power to a financial power. Good
               | documentary on it:
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5uM2cdhfAGA
               | 
               | This is the reason that there's so many rich Russians
               | knocking about e.g. https://old.reddit.com/r/soccer/comme
               | nts/p83ljc/offshore_adv...
        
               | 7sidedmarble wrote:
               | How can you look at the history of the British trade
               | companies and not see how intertwined imperialism and
               | what we today call 'finance' are?
        
               | bserge wrote:
               | They were a financial power long before. It kinda came
               | with the territory, being a global empire.
               | 
               | They did well to hold on to it, though.
        
               | Swenrekcah wrote:
               | It is more profitable, not more valuable in any usual
               | sense of the word.
               | 
               | By the same token you could say that moving money for the
               | mafia is more valuable than preventing violence and
               | disease in poorer societies.
        
               | simonh wrote:
               | Profits are customers saying thank you for the value they
               | are getting. So, London is a criminal enterprise that
               | provides no real value, or is parasitic, or at least it's
               | reasonable to compare it to one?
               | 
               | I suspect the root issue here is what we consider to be
               | value, or what activities are valuable and how value is
               | generated. The common critique of capitalism is based
               | (often unknowingly) on the Marxist theory of value which
               | sees the vast majority of economic activities as
               | parasitic of value, particularly financial activities,
               | and if that's the issue here sure I'm quite willing to
               | debate on that.
        
               | Swenrekcah wrote:
               | Moving money for ruthless violent people is profitable if
               | done right, but value destroying for society.
               | 
               | Value, whether measured in safety, shelter, nourishment,
               | entertainment, ownership, infrastructure, sense of
               | belonging or whatever you wish, is best built when you
               | can trust the people around you and thus focus your
               | efforts on what is valuable rather than trying to prevent
               | being hurt or robbed.
               | 
               | Note that above I didn't count money as valuable, since
               | it isn't intrinsically.
        
               | selfhoster11 wrote:
               | > So, London is a criminal enterprise that provides no
               | real value, or is parasitic, or at least it's reasonable
               | to compare it to one?
               | 
               | As a former Londoner, absolutely yes. London as a city is
               | extremely parasitic, especially when it comes to time and
               | standard of living. It does provide value when you're
               | either so poor or find it so hard to get a job that
               | working there provides you enough value, or you earn such
               | "screw you" money that you can afford to live a
               | comfortable life there. But for anyone outside of those
               | groups, it's best avoided unless you're just visiting for
               | the sights.
        
               | bserge wrote:
               | They had a ~200 year headstart and furthermore, they
               | helped establish the current systems worldwide.
        
               | burnished wrote:
               | Uh, rampant theft? Colonialism? Why are so many other
               | countries historical artifacts located in London, again?
        
               | lozenge wrote:
               | It might be something to do with the centuries of
               | colonialism where the natural resources, labour and human
               | lives of entire countries was stolen for the economic
               | benefit of the United Kingdom.
        
               | z2 wrote:
               | For instance, having a century headstart in
               | industrialization and fast economic growth? It actually
               | returns to a longer scale version of having accumulated
               | wealth through working a long time...
               | 
               | Also taxi driving isn't exactly the most efficient of
               | markets to compare value. London taxi drivers for example
               | have a unique barrier to entry to become a taxi driver
               | via an onerous road memorization test ("The Knowledge"),
               | and that has nothing to do with the general British
               | economy "doing something right."
        
               | akomtu wrote:
               | What headstart? Africa existed when vikings were roaming
               | the European waters.
        
               | kansface wrote:
               | The industrial revolution started in Britain.
        
               | akomtu wrote:
               | Why didn't Africa start it a century before? Otherwise it
               | sounds like "industrial revolution" was like a deity that
               | chose to descend onto Brits.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | lozenge wrote:
           | Careful now - why does a cosmetic surgeon in London s
           | exclusive Harley Street earn PS1,000,000 while a doctor
           | restoring sight and correcting cleft palate and fistula in
           | Africa earns 5% as much? Do you think their work is worth
           | less?
        
             | MichaelZuo wrote:
             | People do spend millions of dollars to make themselves feel
             | better, if they have the capability. That shouldn't be
             | surprising in the modern world.
             | 
             | Assuming it's not illegal money and no coercion was
             | involved, then by definition the customers must have
             | believed that the cosmetic operations were worth it, at
             | least at the point of purchase. Since cosmetic surgery is
             | much less burdened by regulation, externalities, and so on,
             | I would say the prices charged are reasonably close to the
             | market clearing price.
             | 
             | The surgeons in Africa may or may not be subject to greater
             | distortions depending on the local market.
             | 
             | Though I imagine cosmetic surgeons specifically in Africa
             | are paid about the same relative to their skill level,
             | staffing level, and facilities?
        
               | lozenge wrote:
               | I'm not surprised, just amazed people would say it's
               | "(more) valuable" and the UK must be "doing something
               | right" without a second thought as to whether they're
               | confusing financial value with moral value, or whether
               | the transfer of money really represents a transfer of
               | value.
               | 
               | Spare me the Econ 101, Harley Street is a status symbol,
               | the doctors there are not more highly paid because
               | they're objectively safer or more skilled.
               | 
               | I guess we could call Africa's history of conflict,
               | exploitation and colonialism, and usurious loans from the
               | World Bank to leaders who aren't interested in their
               | citizens' welfare, a distortion of the local market.
        
               | Droobfest wrote:
               | It's a matter of risk that I'm paying for to avoid, not
               | absolute quality. I would not wager my life on a random
               | doctor in Africa even while 90% of doctors there might be
               | more skilled than in London. I'm paying to eliminate the
               | risk of encountering the worst 10%. In that light, yes I
               | would personally expect the doctors in London to be able
               | to avoid the worst outcomes better on average. Whether
               | that's warranted is another discussion.
               | 
               | This goes for loads of stuff. I would wager a $30 meal to
               | be fresher than a $5 meal on average. I'm not saying
               | there aren't any $5 meals that are fresher than some $30
               | meals, but just that the $30 has a lot lower chance to
               | make me sick.
        
               | burnished wrote:
               | I think you're confusing a sometimes reasonable heuristic
               | (you can get what you pay for), with some kind of
               | underlying or real value.
        
             | simonh wrote:
             | Of course there are different forms of value that are not
             | fungible. Moral or human value as independent of financial
             | value.
             | 
             | The point I'm making is that the PS1m came from somewhere.
             | Now yes sometimes it came from a Mafia sex slave operation
             | or whatever, but those are minuscule edge cases on the
             | scale of say the UK economy. We're talking about the
             | economy in general and what makes on economy more valuable
             | than another one in economic terms.
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | > sometimes it came from a Mafia sex slave operation or
               | whatever, but those are minuscule edge cases on the scale
               | of say the UK economy
               | 
               | A hundred billion here, a hundred billion there, after a
               | while the money laundering starts to add up:
               | https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/odr/uk-losing-fight-
               | money-l...
               | 
               | The UK economy offers a unique mix of commercial fairness
               | and predictability, achieved by a comparatively
               | incorruptible commercial court system, with disinterest
               | in where the money actually comes from provided it isn't
               | UK crime.
               | 
               | Whereas in China, for good and ill, billionaires are
               | _not_ above the state and can get clobbered when they
               | become politically inconvenient. Such as Jack Ma.
               | 
               | (A question nobody is asking in this thread: what's the
               | relative price of a taxi in, say, Lowestoft? What does
               | that say about the regime there?)
        
               | simonh wrote:
               | Stuff like that sucks, absolutely, but again it's not a
               | huge factor to the UK economically. That money passed
               | through, it didn't land in the UK. The impact on us
               | economically was probably in the 10s of millions. Total
               | Russian investment into the UK is only about 1% of all
               | foreign investment, which itself is 20% of GDP. So 0.2%
               | of our economy is linked to Russia at all.
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | > The impact on us economically was probably in the 10s
               | of millions
               | 
               | That's less than Roman Abramovich paid for one Chelsea
               | player. There's probably been more than PS10m of
               | donations to the Tory party alone from oligarchs. Try
               | again with a more realistic figure.
               | 
               | https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/sep/21/tory-
               | donors...
        
               | simonh wrote:
               | It depends where the money landed, that's where the big
               | fees would be made, but just shuffling it around, I'd be
               | very surprised if it was more than that.
               | 
               | Look, you can bring up minuscule footnotes in Appendix F
               | of what matters to the UK economy as much as you like.
               | Yes these things suck. No they are not even remotely
               | consequential to why a taxi driver in London, or
               | Londoners in general earn what they do or how a modern
               | economy functions.
               | 
               | The more time you spend obsessing over incidental edge
               | cases, because they are things you can get enraged about
               | and get a good adrenalin buzz over, the longer you will
               | be mind blastingly uninformed about how the word really
               | works.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | rocknor wrote:
           | > They do quite legitimately earn 4x as much because the work
           | they are doing is worth 4x as much
           | 
           | A London taxi driver is not paid more because his work is
           | somehow more valuable than a Beijing taxi driver's, it's just
           | because everything in London is expensive. That's just basic
           | economics. Read an economics book.
           | 
           | How did everything in London get so expensive? Read a history
           | book about the last few centuries.
           | 
           | Seems like you're just some typical western chauvinist with
           | no real argument.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | logicchains wrote:
         | >What i did not understand back then is the absolute
         | replaceability of personel in the chinese market. You work long
         | and hard or tomorrow someone else does it.
         | 
         | That's rapidly changing as the birthrate is falling and the
         | population is ageing.
         | https://www.populationpyramid.net/china/2020/
        
           | alasdair_ wrote:
           | Is the birthrate still falling now that the "one child"
           | policy is no more?
        
         | harryh wrote:
         | History has shown us that as societies get richer / more
         | productive people work less. Here is a graph of this in the US:
         | 
         | https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/US...
         | 
         | This makes sense. As people get richer, they use some of their
         | wealth to "purchase" more leisure time. There is no reason to
         | think this won't happen in China, just like it has happened in
         | other places.
         | 
         | I think your fear is unfounded.
        
           | throwaway769879 wrote:
           | Who's to say the causation behind this correlation doesn't go
           | the other way? Some people take more free time, think of more
           | efficient ways of working, and get richer. That in turn
           | encourages others to emulate them.
        
           | TheCoelacanth wrote:
           | I'm skeptical that decline is caused by increasing wealth
           | rather than by demographic changes like women entering the
           | workforce and a larger portion of the population being
           | retirement-aged.
        
           | SquishyPanda23 wrote:
           | > History has shown us that as societies get richer / more
           | productive people work less.
           | 
           | For most of history, when a society gets richer, the rich
           | enslave more people and consolidate power, and then
           | ultimately try to be worshiped as gods until the masses push
           | back enough, and then become content with simply having
           | absolute earthly power.
           | 
           | Maybe this trend is over, but given the amount of effort into
           | putting out "God Emperor" memes in the US, my guess is that
           | some people are at least willing to still try at it.
           | 
           | At any rate, I'm not sure a graph from the US starting at
           | 1950 is sufficient for establishing historical trends.
        
             | harryh wrote:
             | _For most of history, when a society gets richer, the rich
             | enslave more people and consolidate power_
             | 
             | This is not true. The enormous rise in wealth of the world
             | in the 20th/21st centuries has coincided with large
             | increases in personal freedoms as well.
             | 
             |  _At any rate, I 'm not sure a graph from the US starting
             | at 1950 is sufficient for establishing historical trends._
             | 
             | The trend is consistent with other datasets:
             | 
             | https://ourworldindata.org/working-hours
        
             | flerchin wrote:
             | I've got my finger on the pulse of spicy memes, and I've
             | never seen a God Emperor one. Is this some kind of Trumpist
             | thing?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | kilroy123 wrote:
         | Honestly, I kind of feel the same way. I'm an American living
         | in Europe and it's frustrating for me at times dealing with
         | people who don't want to work.
         | 
         | I don't think the Chinese model of work until you drop dead is
         | good but maybe something in the middle?
        
         | tomp wrote:
         | Just because you _want_ to and have the resources to replace
         | anyone anytime, doesn 't mean you can _actually_ do that.
         | 
         | In complex codebases (i.e. pretty much anything except "we're
         | managing a Shopify store" (and probably even then)) you're
         | lucky to be able to onboard someone in a few _months_ , forget
         | about _days_!
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2021-08-27 23:02 UTC)