[HN Gopher] A man preserving endangered colours
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       A man preserving endangered colours
        
       Author : throw0101a
       Score  : 51 points
       Date   : 2021-08-25 10:42 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bbc.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bbc.com)
        
       | RattleyCooper wrote:
       | Whether natural dyes look different or not is unknown to me,
       | however I bet $100 that dude couldn't tell the difference if you
       | mixed in a bunch of synthetically dyed material with the
       | naturally dyed stuff. Put the natural and synthetic dyes in a
       | lineup together and I bet there is no way for him to reliably
       | tell them apart.
        
         | drdeca wrote:
         | Is one allowed to vary the lighting conditions while examining
         | them?
         | 
         | If in one collection, one has different mixes of 4 fixed dyes
         | or pigments which each respond to the light in a particular
         | way, then, the way the result responds to different light
         | sources should be in a particular 4d space, while more
         | generally pigments could have the lighting->appearance function
         | be a point in a larger space which that 4D space is a subset
         | of, right?
         | 
         | I don't particularly know what I'm talking about in this
         | comment, but it seems to me like it should be right..
         | 
         | Though, even if what I said is right, there's still the
         | question of whether _a person_ could reasonably learn to
         | recognize whether such a response function ("response function"
         | is not some technical term that I know. If it is a technical
         | term, it is likely I'm using it wrong. I'm just using it as a
         | description of the function from lighting to apparent color.)
         | is from such a 4D subspace or not.
         | 
         | Based on a video I saw, I suspect that in some cases, yes, but
         | in general idk. How often would the function be very close to
         | something that is in the 4d subspace but isn't quite?
         | 
         | I imagine a machine could do it easily.
         | 
         | Assuming you have a cheap way of producing light of a variable
         | wavelength? Do we have such a thing? I think electron vibrating
         | lasers (Idr the proper name for them) have a tunable
         | wavelength, but I imagine those are expensive, and also
         | probably something that isn't a laser would be preferable.
        
           | dm319 wrote:
           | As we have three cones used to observe tone and colour, the
           | colour/tone of something occupies a 3D space.
           | 
           | However, as you say, a pigment colour has high dimensional
           | properties - the spectral response. As others have mentioned
           | this determines how it impacts on the observed/perceived
           | colour, depending in the spectral response of the light it
           | reflects.
        
         | dillondoyle wrote:
         | Might it be like diamonds where the imperfections give it away?
         | Maybe we'll see similar marketing that natural is more unique
         | than 'artificial.' I could see that having $elling value in
         | fashion, one of my friends does natural dying in Mexico and the
         | selling point is uniqueness.
        
       | swayvil wrote:
       | Computer colors. On the screen. Are more like references to color
       | than actual color. A minimal kind of "red symbol", referring to a
       | memory of something red.
       | 
       | I've come to realize this recently. I've been doing a lot of
       | flower gardening.
       | 
       | Digital music is similar.
       | 
       | 1% substance and 99% mindgame
        
       | injidup wrote:
       | """ When compared with the synthetic dyes that are used today in
       | essentially all our clothes and textiles, nature's version is
       | almost always inexplicably better. It's the visual equivalent of
       | a peach ripened by the tree, or a tomato baked in sunshine. Some
       | lost part of you recognises that this is how it's supposed to be.
       | Natural dyes are no different. """
       | 
       | Very poetic. But is there any truth to this or is it just poor
       | journalism?
        
         | malfist wrote:
         | Just your general "technology bad, hard way better" luddite
         | ramblings. Just because something takes more work to do it that
         | way, doesn't mean it's better.
        
           | ink404 wrote:
           | This is clearly something you'd need to see in person to
           | understand before making a statement like that.
        
           | deertick1 wrote:
           | Totally disagree. 1) im 99% sure that some colors we cannot
           | or do not precisely recreate using non natural dyes. Just
           | thinjing about the complexity of organic material: that is
           | bound to produce subtle textures and such that are not easily
           | mimicked.
           | 
           | 2) there is a spiritually satisfying element to recreating
           | something in the original or natural way when a more complex
           | way may be easier
           | 
           | 3) it is important to preserve the heritage of human
           | innovation. These techniques and recipes ought to be
           | preserved for historical and sociological reasons, as well as
           | in the event that shit goes to pot one day, we may still have
           | some people that know how to make dyes from scratch.
        
           | Aardwolf wrote:
           | I just saw a rose garden with differently colored roses, and
           | some made me think: this is a color a computer screen can't
           | show
        
             | Igelau wrote:
             | I've run into this before in watercolor. RGB seems like
             | such a massive color space until suddenly it isn't.
        
             | evanb wrote:
             | Relevant: "I can't show you how pink this pink is." by Tom
             | Scott https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_NzVmtbPOrM
             | 
             | Also relevant, his piece on "The Library of Rare Colors"
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rApTzWboLrA&t=6s
        
         | km3r wrote:
         | Many artificial dyes use CYMK dye colors to build up to the
         | final color when they are mixed by our eyes. Natural dyes will
         | often truly be that color or a unique combination of non-CYMK
         | colors. The result of this is non pure white light will reflect
         | off the surface of the dyed object in different ways. It's a
         | similar reason many LED lights look different than natural
         | sunlight, with the LED lights using a combination of RGB.
        
           | hammock wrote:
           | Another aspect that is missing from consideration is the
           | element of time.
           | 
           | Synthetic and natural dye will degrade or "patina" in
           | different ways, over time and over the course of exposure to
           | weathering, UV light, etc.
           | 
           | In many cases the synthetic dye does not degrade at all,
           | which for many use cases can be undesirable.
        
             | canadianfella wrote:
             | When would it be undesirable?
        
           | OscarCunningham wrote:
           | The Color Rendering Index [0] measures how well a light
           | source shows the colours of various objects faithfully
           | compared to natural light.
           | 
           | Perhaps we also need a dual index that measures how well a
           | pigment retains the same appearance under various light
           | sources.
           | 
           | [0] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_rendering_index
        
           | marto1 wrote:
           | Could that mean that animals with different sight systems see
           | gibberish when presented with something artificially dyed ?
           | 
           | My thinking is this could affect visual cues for e.g.
           | training.
        
             | BurningFrog wrote:
             | Absolutely.
             | 
             | Human sight reduces all visible light down to the three
             | red/green/blue buckets. Other species will have different
             | buckets, and can easily see colors we perceive as identical
             | as completely different.
             | 
             | I believe we have better color vision that most animals
             | though, so the opposite is usually the case.
        
               | nick__m wrote:
               | It's a lot more complicated than RGB buckets, there is a
               | serie of preprocessing cells
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinal_ganglion_cell
               | before the image "signal" is further processed by the
               | visual cortex.
               | 
               | Another species could have the exact same "buckets"
               | configuration and perceive color differently if the
               | ganglionic layer is connected differently to those
               | buckets.
        
               | wahern wrote:
               | Some humans enjoy tetrachromacy. There's an article
               | floating around where one such woman mentions that in her
               | world she sees mismatched colors everywhere; colors that
               | to everybody else look identical (e.g. on a shirt and
               | pants, or two walls) but which to her look different,
               | sometimes significantly. IIRC, the fourth spectrum peak
               | isn't that far away from one of the others, so I assume
               | this effect is probably exaggerated by artificial dyes
               | that reflect in relatively narrow bands.
               | 
               | EDIT: Here's the reported anecdote I was remembering:
               | 
               | > "I have always had polite disagreements with people
               | about shades of colours," she says. When clothes shopping
               | for instance, she often finds that apparently matching
               | tops and skirts seem to be a different shade to her,
               | clashing horribly--even though no one else seems to
               | notice it. Her sensitivity can sometimes be baffling to
               | those around: when helping to restore a house, she once
               | rejected 32 paint samples before settling on the right
               | shade. "The beiges were too yellow and not blue enough,
               | not cool enough; some of the almonds were too orangey,"
               | she says--distinctions that were much to the confusion of
               | her building contractor.
               | 
               | https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20140905-the-women-
               | with-s...
        
             | cpeterso wrote:
             | Humans see "gibberish" colors, too! For example, the color
             | magenta doesn't have a wavelength on the ROYGBIV spectrum
             | and is instead an artifact of your eye's rods and cones:
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8FSpCAs5KZg
        
             | hammock wrote:
             | Depends on how their brains process the colors. Basically
             | what parent commenter is saying, is the color systems we
             | use do not cover the entire gamut of visible light.
             | 
             | Visualization of this: https://imgr.search.brave.com/OsaL9H
             | ps1NYNjbK4zhGnStZmlMNT3t...
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | Does `truly be that color ` mean the dye only reflects the
           | wavelengths around the individual frequency?
           | 
           | I can see how that would actually make it look
           | better/different in non full spectrum light!
           | 
           | But I don't get how pre tech dye experts would pick such
           | colors?
        
           | Bokanovsky wrote:
           | The non-CYMK colours also reminds me of flowers. If you look
           | at photos of flowers, or just look normally, you'll see
           | solid/uniform colour.
           | 
           | But if you look at infrared photos of flowers or "how bees
           | see them", they show the same flowers with landing strips for
           | the bees.
        
         | IncRnd wrote:
         | According to my eyes, it is true. The colors he works with are
         | beautiful and visually different from synthetic dyes.
        
         | canadianfella wrote:
         | It's bullshit.
        
         | sp332 wrote:
         | Synthetic and natural dyes each have their advantages, which is
         | why they are still used in various applications. But which kind
         | you like better is obviously a judgement call.
        
         | mc32 wrote:
         | I think it's more poetic. Yes, the results may be different and
         | they have values that synthetics don't possess, more
         | variability for example or less colorfastness, but to say that
         | overall they are inexplicably better, is overselling it.
         | 
         | Sure, I like indigo, woad and maybe carrots or beets for Easter
         | eggs but that doesn't mean they are better. There may be
         | preferences, yes. Better? That depends on use.
        
         | throw0101a wrote:
         | As a sibling comment noted, there are only a limited number of
         | artificial dyes in existence, so what you see in the natural
         | world may have more colours.
         | 
         | See for example the splash that a 'new blue' made recently:
         | 
         | * "The first blue pigment discovered in 200 years is now
         | commercially available",
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25807199
         | 
         | * "YInMn, the First New Blue Pigment in Two Centuries",
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25963292
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | That's not really relevant here though.
           | 
           | The set of synthetic dyes we have does a pretty fantastic job
           | at covering all the colors seen in the natural world, plus a
           | whole lot more. We go _way beyond_ the natural world, in
           | fact, when you look at the bright /fluorescent colors you see
           | in an athletic clothing store, as I mentioned in another
           | comment.
           | 
           | What makes that 'new blue' you refer to special has nothing
           | to do with how we perceive it directly -- it's trivial to
           | recreate that hue. It's useful for the very specific use case
           | of _mixing colors while oil painting_. It 's for artists
           | trying to blend colors.
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | Short answer: it's poor journalism.
         | 
         | Long answer: there are mainly three factors that contribute to
         | inaccurate color reproduction.
         | 
         | The first is limited color gamut. That's not really a factor in
         | dying fibers though -- we have plenty of synthetic dyes for
         | things like bright orange, fluorescent green, etc. Just visit
         | any athletic clothing store. And while yes nature has all sorts
         | of shiny bright iridescence caused by diffraction etc., those
         | properties are destroyed as soon as the material is smushed.
         | You can't turn gorgeous insect wings into dye.
         | 
         | The second is that while our eyes perceive only RGB in response
         | to a wide spectrum, there are an infinite number of spectral
         | patterns that we ultimately perceive as e.g. a certain orange.
         | An orange dye from one source (natural or synthetic) will have
         | a different source spectrum from pretty much any other orange
         | dye (natural or synthetic). BUT it's pretty easy to match the
         | color we perceive perfectly for a single lighting condition,
         | e.g. sunlight. But this brings us to:
         | 
         | The third factor, which is the spectrum of _lighting_. The
         | spectra of sunlight, of fluorescent light, of LED light, is all
         | different. The color we perceive is essentially the spectrum of
         | the light source _multiplied_ by the spectrum of the dye.
         | Therefore when we change the lighting spectrum, this _can_
         | change the ultimate RGB color we perceive -- so that two orange
         | dyes that appeared literally identical in sunlight now appear
         | subtly different under a fluorescent light.
         | 
         | So it is true that different dyes behave slightly differently
         | under different lighting conditions. But there's no better or
         | worse here, and there's _absolutely_ no  "peach ripened by a
         | tree" or "how it's supposed to be". That's complete and utter
         | nonsense.
         | 
         | The solution for good color matching isn't dyes from natural
         | sources -- it's balanced, full-spectrum white lighting.
        
           | hammock wrote:
           | >And while yes nature has all sorts of shiny bright
           | iridescence caused by diffraction etc., those properties are
           | destroyed as soon as the material is smushed. You can't turn
           | gorgeous insect wings into dye.
           | 
           | Seems like a great technological opportunity for someone to
           | figure out.
           | 
           | Recently I advised someone not to buy granite countertops
           | sight unseen, since the way they look in person is so
           | different from the way they look in a photo - a photo
           | completely misses the reflections, iridescence and other
           | three-dimensional aspects of the actual product.
        
             | crazygringo wrote:
             | Oh yeah. Properties like reflectivity, translucence,
             | internal reflection, and all that jazz play a big part in
             | the final colors our eyes perceive as well.
             | 
             | I didn't mention them since they have nothing to do with
             | synthetic vs natural dyes though -- they're properties of
             | whatever materials the dyes become part of.
             | 
             | That's actually a significant part of why "accurately"
             | photographing clothing for online shopping is so hard.
             | Getting an accurate hue is usually _fairly_ easy with good
             | lighting and proper white balance, and gray cards let you
             | calibrate brightness. But the reflective properties of
             | fibers mean that e.g. a shirt can look significantly
             | different depending on what angle the light sources are at.
        
               | hammock wrote:
               | >I didn't mention them since they have nothing to do with
               | synthetic vs natural dyes though -- they're properties of
               | whatever materials the dyes become part of.
               | 
               | I guess that is what I'm getting at, that today's
               | conception of what a "dye" is, is that it is a substance
               | which is added to a material not changing the reflective,
               | translucent etc properties of that material (which is
               | itself probably a simplification - I can't imagine dying
               | a fabric doesn't change these at least a little bit).
               | 
               | What I'm suggesting as an advancement is perhaps not
               | called a "dye", but nevertheless would be a new way to
               | not only change the color of the target object, but also
               | the translucence, iridescence, reflectivity, etc.
               | 
               | I know there is already stuff in this area - there was
               | some laptop case I saw recently that had some kind of
               | micro-texture on it (the opposite of a polish, I guess)
               | in order to make the black color of it more matte (if I
               | recall correctly). Likewise, anti-reflective coatings and
               | privacy screens seem like a ubiquitous, primitive example
               | of what I'm talking about. I'm sure there are others.
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | A lot of it is poetry, but there is a grain of truth to it.
         | There are only a handful of artificial dyes and they'll usually
         | be engineered to make up a colorspace which is always smaller
         | than what your eye can perceive.
         | 
         | For a more concrete example, no matter how nice your camera and
         | printer are, the colors which can be reproduced are currently
         | always restricted compared to the source material (reality),
         | and not just in a matter of there being some small error, there
         | are colors your eyes can see in nature which can't be printed
         | with state of the art tech.
         | 
         | Especially with textiles, the colorspaces available with normal
         | technology are quite a bit smaller than in nature.
         | 
         | Whether "natural" or "synthetic" (the distinction can be a bit
         | silly) a substance will react to light in its own unique way.
         | The number of different substances with different responses is
         | obviously very large in nature, technology tries to recreate a
         | full spectrum of color with only a few substances in
         | combination, the result is naturally not as rich.
        
           | throw0101a wrote:
           | > [...] _there are colors your eyes can see in nature which
           | can 't be printed with state of the art tech._
           | 
           | As an example see sRGB, Adobe RGB, ProtoPhoto RGB, Rec.
           | 2020/2100, _etc_ :
           | 
           | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_space
           | 
           | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rec._2020
        
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