[HN Gopher] LimeSDR
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       LimeSDR
        
       Author : octopoc
       Score  : 75 points
       Date   : 2021-08-26 15:24 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (limemicro.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (limemicro.com)
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Some past related threads:
       | 
       |  _Investigating the Galileo Satellite Navigation System Outage
       | with a LimeSDR_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20464852 -
       | July 2019 (41 comments)
       | 
       |  _LimeSDR Now Backed by the European Space Agency_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16493727 - March 2018 (38
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _LimeSDR Mini - An open, full-duplex, USB stick radio for
       | femtocells and more_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15318233 - Sept 2017 (46
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _LimeSDR funded, some hours left to still get a discounted SDR_
       | - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11946239 - June 2016 (10
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _LimeSDR GSM Base Station Demo_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11931072 - June 2016 (27
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _IoT wireless hacking - LoRa on the LimeSDR_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11882491 - June 2016 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _Digital Video Transmission using LimeSDR and GNU Radio_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11856912 - June 2016 (8
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _LimeSDR: Flexible, Next-Generation, Open Source Software
       | Defined Radio_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11610521 -
       | May 2016 (28 comments)
        
       | nlh wrote:
       | I was super into the ham world many many moons ago (DE K2KD), and
       | my curiosity is definitely piqued with the arrival of SDRs.
       | 
       | Dumb question(s): Is it possible to do "traditional" HF/VHF ham
       | stuff with these mini SDRs? Is there a good software package that
       | emulates the old-school rigs (but with fancy new features)? Are
       | these radios powerful enough to drive an amp to get to something
       | like 100W (or 1500W) on HF?
        
         | cschneid wrote:
         | Check out the Hermes Lite, it's an SDR with a transmit ability,
         | and some other additional features. I think it's 10w by
         | default, but a lot of people put that right into an amp to get
         | up to 100+ watts.
        
           | gorkish wrote:
           | I immediately hit reply to suggest the Hermes Lite also;
           | despite the crazy supply chain situation, there is a current
           | manufacturing run going right now. With N2ADR's filter board,
           | you have a complete 10W HF direct sampling transceiver. Add a
           | hardrock PA and you can take that easily to 50W or 500W at an
           | insanely low price point.
           | 
           | I hand build a few of the early prototypes and have a couple
           | of the production versions too. I cannot emphasize how
           | underrepresented I think this radio is compared to a lot of
           | the other SDR hardware out there. It compares favorably in
           | performance and vastly exceeds the features of most amateur
           | radio HF transceivers in the <= $2500 range.
           | 
           | Because it speaks the OpenHPSDR protocol it can also run a
           | digital predistortion algorithm called PureSignal that
           | samples the PA output and distorts the input signal to
           | correct for amplifier phase and power nonlinearity. Digital
           | predistortion is relatively common in modern radios like
           | cellular baseband, but to my knowledge PureSignal is the only
           | open source implementation of such and the only
           | implementation publicly available for an HF radio.
        
         | superkuh wrote:
         | Not without paying a bunch for bandpass filters and power amps
         | to get it up high enough to actually drive your 100w amp. Most
         | SDRs are just the transceiver without all the front-end parts
         | you really need for a "usable" radio.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Yes, true, you'll need a bunch of intermediary stage amps as
           | well, you won't drive 100W without something in the middle.
           | Typically a set of usable stages would be an SDR, a very
           | sharp bandpass filter, a 1W or so buffer, then something on
           | the order of 5 to 10W and then into real power stages 50-100
           | or so and if you want to go substantially higher than that
           | you'll need yet another stage. And each of those will need to
           | be perfectly regulated to avoid dumping a bunch of harmonics
           | into the air.
        
           | trothamel wrote:
           | That's correct, though getting those is possible, and
           | something of a fun project. I've found the stuff 60dbmco ( ht
           | tps://www.ebay.com/sch/60dbmco/m.html?_nkw=&_armrs=1&_ipg=...
           | ) makes to be useful for this .
           | 
           | You're probably not saving any money this way, but you do
           | learn a lot.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Before you start pumping out that kind of power I'd invest in a
         | spectrum analyzer (which are surprisingly affordable today) to
         | ensure that the signal that goes out is clean.
         | 
         | Those mini SDRs when used for transmission will output a ton of
         | harmonics because they are almost by definition not going to
         | have any filtering on their output because that would limit
         | their usability. When used for reception that is not a problem,
         | if you start using them for transmission it's a completely
         | different matter.
         | 
         | Keep in mind that a power stage that responds well to a
         | particular signal absent filtering is going to respond quite
         | well to the main harmonics too!
        
           | drmpeg wrote:
           | That's for sure. Here's what an Ettus B210 (now $1472, not
           | cheap) looks like with a fundamental at 145 MHz. 3rd harmonic
           | is only 10 dB down. Power was 0 dBm (with a 20 dB pad on the
           | analyzer input).
           | 
           | https://www.w6rz.net/harmonic.png
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | That's even worse than I thought it would be. A cheap one
             | will likely not do better. At least they picked the HAM
             | bands smart so harmonics tend to end up in the next HAM
             | allocated frequency range up. But SDRs being what they are
             | there are no passive components on board to ensure the
             | signal stays 'in its lane'.
        
         | gmiller123456 wrote:
         | As far as transmitting, it's not really practical. Receiving,
         | yes. What I normally do is look for signals using my SDR, and
         | when I want to make a contact, use my FT991A. Even though the
         | 991 has a SDR in it, the dedicated ones have a much wider
         | bandwidth, and the better display and UI of a computer make
         | things a lot easier.
        
       | ehttwljlq34y wrote:
       | Biden needs to be removed _immediately_.
       | 
       | He has murdered dozens of American citizens and was laughing
       | about them yesterday.
       | 
       | Fucking evil piece of shit.
        
       | moftz wrote:
       | I haven't used a LimeSDR but I have used the mini version which
       | is just about the same hardware minus the extra TX/RX channels.
       | It's a great little device that covers a massive spectrum with a
       | decent bandwidth as well. Comparable devices from Ettus are much
       | more expensive. I'd love to own one for ham stuff but haven't had
       | much time for that hobby lately. The Lime rep did give me a mini
       | PCB on a keychain once, coolest trinket I've ever gotten at a
       | conference.
        
       | ngz00 wrote:
       | Any suggestions on where to start to use this as a LTE uplink
       | that reads from an SD card and uploads images? I'd like to
       | replace my expensive faulty game camera subscription.
        
         | myself248 wrote:
         | Using an SDR is the most painful and power-hungry way to
         | replicate what already exists as cheap, optimized, small,
         | commodity LTE modems.
         | 
         | Use the SDR for standards that don't exist as finished silicon
         | yet.
        
         | themulticaster wrote:
         | In addition to what myself248 said:
         | 
         | In case you aren't familiar with the details of consumer RF
         | standards (including IEEE 802.11, but especially LTE or
         | anything cellular related) or don't have some prior RF
         | knowledge: To put it mildly, LTE is not an easy standard to
         | implement on an SDR, especially if it's your contact with SDRs.
         | Even GSM is nowhere near a simple stack.
         | 
         | If you want to get a feeling for what kind of cellular projects
         | are possible using SDRs _from a hobbyist /free software
         | perspective_, have a look at the Osmocom (Open Source Mobile
         | Communications) projects [1] as well as Harald Welte's blog [2]
         | (one of the main Osmocom contributors). The Osmocom projects
         | are focused on the carrier side of LTE/GSM networks AFAIK.
         | 
         | Another warning: While cellular technology involves lots of
         | networks, it is completely different from the standards and
         | terminology used in the Internet. For example, citing the
         | description for OsmoHNBGW: "An Open Source implementation of a
         | HNB-GW (HomeNodeB-Gateway), implementing the Iuh, IuCS and IuPS
         | interfaces. It aggregates the Iuh links from femtocells
         | (hNodeBs) and presents them as regular IuCS and IuPS towards
         | MSC and SGSN (such as OsmoMSC and OsmoSGSN). It uses M3UA as
         | signaling transport." The description totally makes sense to an
         | insider, but if you only dabbled with TCP/IP, routers and
         | switches so far, be prepared for learning a whole new world of
         | networking terms.
         | 
         | If you _are_ familiar with RF /cellular engineering and/or if
         | you're trying to do this on a corporate budget then you
         | probably already know what I mentioned above, and your project
         | can certainly be realized for $$$.
         | 
         | If you're looking for a one-off DIY solution then you could use
         | something like a u-blox SARA-R4 [3] modem (for NB-IoT/low
         | bandwidth). Similar boards with higher bandwidth also exist.
         | 
         | [1] https://osmocom.org/projects
         | 
         | [2] https://laforge.gnumonks.org/blog/
         | 
         | [3] https://www.sparkfun.com/products/14997
        
       | marcodiego wrote:
       | LTE, GSM... Does it means it is now easier to build an entirely
       | free device that can be used as a cellphone?
        
         | themodelplumber wrote:
         | You mean with proper licensing? That might be the tricky part;
         | use of the rf spectrum is probably monitored and regulated,
         | depending on where you're at in the world.
        
       | IshKebab wrote:
       | I got a LimeSDR when they first made them. Unfortunately the
       | whole SDR software ecosystem is pretty terrible. Even with
       | something as popular and widely supported as RTL-SDR most of the
       | software is unusuable (with some happy exceptions). It also
       | doesn't help that there is an absolute mountain of SDR software
       | out there, but 99% of it is "this is cool, I'm going to write...
       | eh nevermind" type stuff. There's so much ( https://www.rtl-
       | sdr.com/big-list-rtl-sdr-supported-software/ ) that I can't even
       | find the one good one I found last time I used an RTL-SDR.
       | 
       | I guess that is what happens if you play with software written by
       | uber-nerds for uber-nerds.
       | 
       | Anyway in conclusion I would NOT recommend getting a LimeSDR
       | unless you are really really into SDR and it's your only hobby,
       | or better yet, your job.
        
         | jandrese wrote:
         | The LimeSDR Kickstarter made these grand promises of running a
         | repo full of usable apps for your board. Many years later that
         | repo is still quite spartan.
         | 
         | I've generally had pretty good luck with my LimeSDR, but I
         | don't try to push it too hard. The documentation can be
         | frustratingly minimal in so many places and the USB
         | implementation on my board is touchy (it must be plugged into
         | exactly the right port on my computer or the device enumerates
         | incorrectly and is unusable).
        
         | platz wrote:
         | as an early limesdr buyer i completely agree
        
       | tzs wrote:
       | The couple of times I've had something I wanted to do that needed
       | an SDR more powerful than than an RTL-SDR and decided I wanted a
       | LimeSDR or LimeSDR mini...the lead time on them has been such
       | that it would not arrive in time for the project I wanted it for.
       | 
       | Right now, both LimeSDR and LimeSDR mini orders place now don't
       | ship until Feb 28 2022, except for the LimeSDR PCIe which ships
       | Sep 29 2021. (You might be able to get the USB LimeSDR sooner
       | from Sparkfun. They say they might have some coming in early
       | October).
       | 
       | Projects where I'll need something like that are rare enough that
       | I can't really justifying buying one just in case another such
       | project comes up.
        
         | touisteur wrote:
         | It is very depressing indeed. Has eBay or second hand given
         | good results on this to anyone?
         | 
         | I guess we'll have to wait for
         | https://www.crowdsupply.com/krakenrf/krakensdr but I can't
         | imagine the price will be very light-hobby-adapted.
        
           | syedkarim wrote:
           | We are shooting for a price of $299 for KrakenSDR.
        
             | touisteur wrote:
             | Oh thanks for your answer, that's very interesting! For
             | someone wanting to upgrade from rtl-sdr that seems a good
             | step up.
             | 
             | While you're here, I'm particularly interested whether
             | you're aiming for something more ambitious some day or 100%
             | focused on kraken? I'm thinking coherent 32/64 rx channels
             | or more? Also, is there a way to assemble two krakens and
             | synchronize them somehow so as to have 10x coherent rx? :-)
             | 
             | There's probably a better channel of communication for such
             | questions ...
             | 
             | Thanks again for jumping in with a correction.
        
               | syedkarim wrote:
               | We have plans to offer a few different versions of
               | KrakenSDR. The entry level version will likely be the
               | current version with 5 tuners. We are laying out an idea
               | for 8 tuners, integrated CPU, and pre-set antennas;
               | basically a turnkey system for remote operations. We can
               | definitely produce more exotic beasts, but I don't think
               | there is much of a market for a Kraken with a hundred
               | heads.
        
         | structural wrote:
         | Components for producing SDRs are impacted by the overall
         | semiconductor shortage very significantly, too: keeping stock
         | of what are fairly niche products is difficult when times are
         | good, but with component lead times in the 52-80week ranges
         | (and still increasing), there's absolutely no room to adapt to
         | what customers might want a year from now. It really sucks for
         | everyone.
        
         | scrps wrote:
         | Not sure your exact use-case but if you are frequency-limited
         | by the RTL and you feel like soldering, you can mod a
         | SUP-2400[0] to be a 4.5GHz downconverter for the RTL[1].
         | 
         | [0]: https://www.solidsignal.com/zinwell-directv-b-band-
         | converter...
         | 
         | [1]: https://www.kd0cq.com/2016/04/part-ii-the-mod-receive-up-
         | to-...
        
         | rtkwe wrote:
         | It's tough for small groups or hobbyists to do because building
         | and keeping stock is a considerable investment and risk so a
         | lot of times they'll do batches constantly.
         | 
         | Also if you've had multiple projects that would want to use it
         | why not order it knowing you'll probably have a similar idea in
         | the future?
        
       | octopoc wrote:
       | One of my concerns with using an SDR is that the FCC basically
       | requires DRM[1]:
       | 
       | > ...importers and marketers should ensure that [two-way radios]
       | are properly certified and labeled as FCC-compliant and cannot be
       | easily modified to operate outside its grant of certification.
       | 
       | So if you use an SDR for LoRa, you have to make it hard for users
       | to modify the code to emit a different frequency.
       | 
       | [1]: https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DA-18-980A1.pdf
        
         | iNate2000 wrote:
         | That document (DA 18-980) talks about "importing two-way
         | VHF/UHF radios... used primarily for short-distance, two-way
         | voice communications."
         | 
         | In other words: cheap walkie-talkies that don't comply with FCC
         | regulations.
         | 
         | Such radios typically max out at 5w.
         | 
         | The LimeSDR claims 10dBm - which I believe means about
         | 10milliwatts.
         | 
         | In other words, that FCC memo is concerned with radios being
         | sold that are something like five hundred times as powerful as
         | a LimeSDR. And therefore much more likely to interfere with
         | other transmissions.
        
         | birktj wrote:
         | This is probably true, meaning you can't really have a FCC
         | certified tx-capable SDR. However in order to legally use the
         | tx-capabilities of an SDR you probably have to be a ham anyway.
         | And hams don't need their equipment to be FCC certified if I am
         | not mistaken.
        
           | stagger87 wrote:
           | > However in order to legally use the tx-capabilities of an
           | SDR you probably have to be a ham anyway.
           | 
           | You can transmit in the ISM bands without a license. There
           | are still power restrictions which most SDRs won't exceed
           | anyways.
        
             | syedkarim wrote:
             | Yes, a general user/consumer can transmit in the ISM band
             | without a license, but they are still required to use
             | intentional transmitters which have been certified by the
             | FCC.
        
               | stagger87 wrote:
               | > but they are still required to use intentional
               | transmitters which have been certified by the FCC.
               | 
               | For a hobbyist experimenting with an SDR, this wouldn't
               | apply.
        
         | stefan_ wrote:
         | But this is a fully generic SDR. Can this even be certified as
         | some consumer product?
        
           | octopoc wrote:
           | I mean if you used an SDR in your consumer product. Let's say
           | you make a dual purpose LoRa / WiFi radio to put in vehicles
           | for a fleet management solution. If you use an SDR, you'd
           | have to lock it down with DRM to prevent end users from
           | repurposing it.
        
             | rfdave wrote:
             | Well, it would also cost at least 10x what a dual purpose
             | LoRA/WiFi radio would cost if it were built out of LoRa
             | parts from Semtech and an ESP-32.
        
             | stagger87 wrote:
             | Using an SDR for this kind of product would be horribly
             | cost and time inefficient. You would design it with off the
             | shelf WLAN and LoRa ICs.
             | 
             | > If you use an SDR, you'd have to lock it down with DRM to
             | prevent end users from repurposing it.
             | 
             | Not any more so than a product you designed that didn't use
             | an SDR as its core.
        
             | stefan_ wrote:
             | Yes, but the same applies to your WiFi router even if it
             | has hardware filters. Its simply a certification
             | requirement.
             | 
             | That doesn't have anything to do with LimeSDR. This is
             | already not a product that is certified for anything. It
             | exists in a very gray zone where anyone using it for
             | transmission is likely in violation of the law unless they
             | obtained a development/testing license in the specific band
             | they are using.
        
               | 7kay wrote:
               | The easiest way to leave the gray zone would be to get a
               | ham radio license. Although this might vary from country
               | to country, generally you are allowed to use selfbuilt
               | transmitters in specific frequency ranges, which also
               | includes noncertified hardware.
        
               | vdqtp3 wrote:
               | > likely in violation of the law...development/testing
               | license
               | 
               | Or they just have a ham radio license
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | No WiFi support?
        
         | rfdave wrote:
         | WiFi is hard to support, it's very complex from a signal
         | processing and timing perspective.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | And probably also the protocol.
        
           | nuand wrote:
           | Wifi is a pretty difficult protocol, but fortunately Linux
           | ships with mac80211. So all that is needed is an SDR based
           | PHY such as https://github.com/Nuand/bladeRF-wiphy/ .
        
       | cepher wrote:
       | Does anyone know if this is more appropriate than the PlutoSDR
       | for hobbyists? Seems like they have similar specs and are around
       | the same price.
        
         | ohazi wrote:
         | I haven't played with the Pluto, but I do have a USRP, which
         | uses the Analog Devices front-end, and it's leagues more
         | reliable than the LimeSDR.
         | 
         | I would absolutely go for the Pluto if it'll work for your
         | application. I guess the main limitation is USB2 for getting
         | the captured signal out, so you wouldn't be able to use it for
         | crazy high bandwidth applications.
        
       | ohazi wrote:
       | I wish them luck, but judging by the ~week I spent trying to get
       | a LimeSDR mini to work, their product is so half baked that it's
       | basically not fit for purpose, and if you're considering getting
       | one, I'd recommend something with an Analog Devices front-end
       | instead.
       | 
       | The PLL would fail to lock at random frequencies and
       | temperatures. You'd try to scroll through e.g. the 2.4 GHz ISM
       | band and would randomly get downconverted signal or baseband
       | noise on every other click. Two minutes later, the set of bands
       | you could capture would be entirely different. There was no
       | consistency whatsoever.
       | 
       | When I went to their forums to see if other people had
       | encountered the same issue, it turned out that basically none of
       | the LimeSDRs even pass their own self tests [1]. I don't know how
       | they're still selling these devices... they don't work.
       | 
       | I returned it, paid ~4x more for a USRP, and could not be
       | happier. The hobby is playing with radio modulation schemes, not
       | debugging a defective piece of silicon.
       | 
       | [1] https://discourse.myriadrf.org/t/new-limesdr-mini-
       | loopback-t...
        
         | azinman2 wrote:
         | Which USRP do you use? And what do you do specifically with it?
        
           | ohazi wrote:
           | A B205.
           | 
           | Mostly playing around with high spectral efficiency digital
           | modulation techniques like PSK/QAM and OFDM using GNU Radio.
           | Trying to shovel as much data as I can between two links with
           | as little power as possible. I'd like to experiment with
           | below-the-noise-floor communication, but haven't gotten there
           | yet.
           | 
           | It's sort of silly, because you can do all of this in
           | simulation, but it's more fun with real hardware. Eventually
           | I'd like to be able to build a (solar?) drone with a radio
           | system resembling a cell tower and do ground-drone-ground
           | relay experiments, but I'm _extremely_ not there yet.
           | 
           | I also wanted something that could transmit after I got a ham
           | radio license (out of boredom during the pandemic, shortly
           | after they started doing testing online), but haven't really
           | used it that much, as I don't really have a good antenna set
           | up. For data experiments, a wire or a PCB trace works well
           | enough.
           | 
           | I also do a lot of embedded Wi-Fi / Bluetooth stuff at work
           | and would like to use this for packet captures, but haven't
           | needed to yet. It's completely overkill for something like
           | that though.
        
         | garaetjjte wrote:
         | I bought LimeSDR Mini back at crowdfunding campaign and didn't
         | have good experience too. Janky middleware, problems with
         | tuning, randomly occuring errors. I haven't used it in quite a
         | while and I hoped these are all software problems they would
         | fix eventually, sad to hear it is still broken.
        
         | Prcmaker wrote:
         | Unfortunately, I agree with this. I was an early backer on the
         | mini, and got it with the aluminium case. While the case looked
         | great, it mechanically interfered with the antennae, meaning
         | they didn't actually make a connection. Their support taught me
         | how to screw in an antenna, ignoring the actual problem, before
         | deciding my issue was too hard and ignoring me. I got
         | eventually got in some antennae from Ossmann, but when other
         | hardware/software issues cropped up, my enthusiasm for the
         | device had already waned too much to want to put in effort. I
         | got some basic things working eventually, but never
         | outperformed cheaper devices.
        
         | tibbon wrote:
         | I've got the LimeSDR standard size one, and I've never been
         | able to make good use of it. Thinking of throwing it on eBay
         | soon.
         | 
         | Software support is far more limited than I'd prefer compared
         | to other SDRs too, which someone at DEF CON told me was because
         | they pissed off the community and copied of a lot of things
         | from another SDR project. I don't know how true it is, but I
         | can see that support on all sides is pretty half baked.
        
       | atonse wrote:
       | SDR is one of those technologies I still want to play with that I
       | feel will open up this incredible new world to my curious mind.
       | All of a sudden, the invisible waves around us that we often
       | tangentially know about but never think about (because we can't
       | see, smell, or hear them), become a whole sixth sense to explore.
       | 
       | I really hope for some free time to play with this, and to expose
       | this invisible world to those around me (especially my kids), in
       | a way that has been much less accessible in the past.
       | 
       | Even things like ceiling fan remotes, door sensors, wifi, a
       | garage remote, a car key, ISS video feeds, data from stuff in
       | SPACE, weather data, I mean, we're bombarded with it every day
       | all the time and we just don't realize it.
       | 
       | Anyway, just had a wide-eyed moment, as I do every time I read
       | about another thing that makes SDR just a bit easier to access.
        
         | WrtCdEvrydy wrote:
         | The best one is the ADS-B Out from airplanes, you can map the
         | planes around you with a $20 widget.
        
           | CSSer wrote:
           | This sounds really cool. When you say 'around you', what kind
           | of radius are we talking?
        
             | ambientenv wrote:
             | You may be able to find out more information, including
             | instructions on assembling your own ground station, at
             | Flightaware - https://flightaware.com/adsb/piaware/build/
        
             | rtkwe wrote:
             | Hard to answer that it depends on so much; the quality of
             | the rx you're using, the antenna and your local environment
             | (open field? wooded area? valley? top of a hill?).
        
             | sosborn wrote:
             | It really depends on the environment around you. I live
             | deep in valley, so my range is pretty limited to line of
             | sight.
        
             | jjwiseman wrote:
             | As others have said, it depends on terrain, your antenna,
             | the altitude of the aircraft, etc. But generally, 50-60
             | miles is pretty easy with almost any setup.
             | 
             | I have an ADS-B antenna mounted on my roof that feeds into
             | a filter and an amp, and I get less than 50 miles in some
             | directions (because of mountains) and more than 150 miles
             | in other directions (over the ocean).
             | 
             | Here's a map of my coverage (any altitude), with range
             | rings every 50 miles:
             | https://www.flickr.com/photos/wallofhair/51403416502
             | 
             | My coverage for altitudes up to 10,000 feet:
             | https://www.flickr.com/photos/wallofhair/51404165241
             | 
             | It's radio, so nothing's guaranteed. Those maps show the
             | maximum ranges at which I picked up any aircraft in that
             | direction over a couple months, so they're kind of a best-
             | case, showing when conditions possibly happened to be
             | perfect. I also have a dead zone just around my house,
             | because my gain is configured to prioritize range. Lots of
             | tradeoffs in RF.
             | 
             | There's a site (with an impossible-to-remember name) that
             | can predict antenna range for you (it's not obvious how to
             | use it; Try "New panorama", then "Up in the Air"):
             | http://www.heywhatsthat.com/
             | 
             | Here's what it shows for me. The blue ring is 40,000 feet
             | altitude and the orange ring is 10,000 feet altitude:
             | https://www.flickr.com/photos/wallofhair/51404944889
        
               | slobiwan wrote:
               | How do you get that footprint plot? I'm using dump1090-fa
               | and don't see it
        
             | TaylorAlexander wrote:
             | It's very fun! I use it to monitor for low flying aircraft
             | around a farm where I am doing some drone experiments. The
             | legal drone limit in my area is 400 feet above ground level
             | and near the hills some aircraft fly pretty low, so I'm
             | going to ground the drone any time an aircraft is nearby
             | that is not above 10kft.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | I highly recommend not relying on SDR ADS-B reception
               | alone and also checking online data systems for ADS-B
               | that also use multilateration to track aircraft using
               | their transponder when they aren't ADS-B capable.
               | Otherwise you might be operating under the assumption
               | there are no contacts in your working airspace when there
               | is aircraft present but not announcing their location.
               | 
               | https://flightaware.com/adsb/mlat/
        
               | ericbarrett wrote:
               | You need both data sources--a number of planes are
               | "delisted" from the commercial trackers and won't show
               | up, but they still broadcast ADS-B. You can find partial
               | lists of such registrations through a keen Google search.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | https://www.adsbexchange.com/ does not blacklist or
               | delist aircraft tail numbers fwiw.
        
             | BuildTheRobots wrote:
             | 160 miles with a PS6 rtlsdr and an antenna I bodged out of
             | coax. Its painfully easy. Also have a nosy at POCSAG -
             | there's still a little bit left in the UK.
        
             | tjohns wrote:
             | It depends on your location, antenna, and the aircraft's
             | elevation, but in the bay area I'll often pick up aircraft
             | all the way out to Sacramento. Sometimes quite a bit
             | further.
             | 
             | Of course, the higher the aircraft the further you can
             | "see" them. Most of the traffic I see is within 45 miles
             | (especially low flying GA traffic), but I'll still pick up
             | the occasional high altitude aircraft at 100+ miles out.
        
           | sliken wrote:
           | Similarly you can map out lightning strikes with similar
           | tools/methods.
        
             | gmiller123456 wrote:
             | Can you provide some resources about this?
        
               | ambientenv wrote:
               | There is the Blitzortung.org site -
               | https://www.blitzortung.org/en/cover_your_area.php -
               | which has some interesting information.
        
               | gmiller123456 wrote:
               | Thanks, but that link appears to be about dedicated
               | modules. I already have a HackRF One and an RSPDuo, the
               | person I was replying to seems to indicate it was
               | possible to use a typical SDR.
        
       | opwieurposiu wrote:
       | SDR made me understand how much RF noise my desktop computer
       | emits. Lots of spikes between 400-500mhz. Could be my monitor
       | also, as scrolling text seems to emit the most noise.
        
         | cschneid wrote:
         | There's a fun toy I just got called 'TinySA' (tiny spectrum
         | analyzer). For $60, plus an adapter + some wire (another $20
         | maybe), you can get a live battery powered little receiver that
         | shows noise across the whole spectrum from less than 1mhz
         | through 350mhz.
         | 
         | A really basic loop of wire is a directional antenna, so you
         | can narrow down exactly what is causing issues too.
         | 
         | I'm doing it to find noise issues for my ham radio setup, but
         | it can be generally fun. Not quite an SDR, but to find noise
         | sources it's pretty amazing for so cheap.
        
         | tzs wrote:
         | My Samsung monitor does that.
         | 
         | It's bad enough that I lose several channels on my Samsung TV
         | when my Samsung monitor is on if the TV antenna is in the same
         | room as the monitor.
        
         | jareklupinski wrote:
         | interesting... I guess I never scrolled while looking at
         | wideband noise :) I'm going to see if I can determine what
         | is/was displayed on the screen by filtering/machine learning
         | the noise, fingers crossed
        
         | themodelplumber wrote:
         | Same here with the monitor, I have an old Dell 24" from 2006
         | that I somehow keep around. I've learned not to expect much if
         | my ham radio is within 3 feet of it. Probably fixable with some
         | clip-on parts but for now it's easier to scoot the chair
         | over...
        
       | easton_s wrote:
       | https://www.drti.com/
       | 
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20161106083817/http://www.drti.c...
       | 
       | The true master of SDR....
        
       | rektide wrote:
       | still havent used mine. supposedly theres not as much software
       | thats ready for limesdr, that this is a mire rareified pick than
       | many ither options.
        
       | Blackthorn wrote:
       | Does anyone know of a solution that can go down to the 5khz
       | range? Older (...and even newer) gym equipment uses the gymlink
       | protocol for heart rate monitors instead of low power Bluetooth
       | and friends, and very few monitors support it anymore. I wanted
       | to try to make a converter but couldn't find anything to output
       | in that frequency.
        
         | ThrowawayR2 wrote:
         | The only thing I can think of that goes that low out of the box
         | is the old Ettus Research USRP1, B100/B110, or E100/E110 SDRs
         | combined with both a LFRX daughtercard and LFTX daughtercard,
         | which are DC - 30 MHz.
         | 
         | The SDRs themselves can occasionally be found on eBay and the
         | daughtercards are still sold directly by Ettus Research or
         | themselves occasionally can be occasionally found on eBay.
        
         | octopoc wrote:
         | I think it's pretty easy to make circuitry to shift a radio's
         | frequency. If you did that with LimeSDR you'd still get the
         | same bandwidth but it would be shifted into a different range.
        
         | lxe wrote:
         | Try an upconverter like this https://www.nooelec.com/store/ham-
         | it-up.html or https://airspy.com/spyverter-r2/
        
         | ronsor wrote:
         | At 5000 Hz, you could probably just rig up a sound card with a
         | mic input.
        
           | Blackthorn wrote:
           | I need to output the 5khz, not input it. Would I be able to
           | do that with a sound card in a small form factor? The idea is
           | to have a small box that can convert my heart rate monitor to
           | something that the gym equipment can understand.
        
             | ronsor wrote:
             | I believe attaching an antenna to the card's output could
             | work. For small form factor, a USB sound card and a
             | Raspberry Pi is a possibility.
        
             | jpindar wrote:
             | I've used a cell phone as an audio signal generator for
             | testing transmitters. There are apps for sending a
             | continuous signal, and I assume it would be easy enough to
             | write one for sending a modulated signal.
             | 
             | BTW, this is one reason why I won't buy a phone without an
             | audio jack.
        
         | jquast wrote:
         | Ham It Plus can go upconvert as low as 300Hz, compatible with
         | any SDR you just shift the frequency in software
         | https://support.nooelec.com/hc/en-us/articles/360005812474
        
           | Blackthorn wrote:
           | Guess I didn't make it clear and that's my bad. I need to
           | output 5khz, not input. The input is a more modern Bluetooth
           | protocol.
        
             | user-the-name wrote:
             | Why not just use audio out then?
        
             | jquast wrote:
             | sorry maybe we misunderstand each other, I just got my
             | license last year but this FAQ link reads, "Is the Ham It
             | Up capable of transmitting as well as receiving? Even on
             | lower frequencies? -- Yes, it is bidirectional, so you can
             | transmit and receive on any frequency within range,
             | provided that you have a compatible transceiver, like the
             | HackRF One. "
        
         | moftz wrote:
         | 5KHz is pretty low, it would be difficult finding anything in
         | the ham category because no ham bands are that low. You would
         | need to probably build your own receiver. The good news is that
         | 5KHz is super low frequency and could easily be received with a
         | crystal detector. Antenna connects to an LC resonator centered
         | at 5.3KHz, pass the result of this through a diode and then
         | into a microcontroller. Many have analog input pins and analog
         | comparators built-in that can trigger an interrupt. You would
         | need to figure out what voltage level you expect to see from
         | the detector when a heart beat signal is sent and then apply
         | that voltage to the other side of the comparator. Some
         | microcontrollers even have a real analog voltage output that
         | could allow you to adjust the voltage through software. The
         | microcontroller would then trigger an interrupt and do
         | something every time a heart beat signal is received (send it
         | through serial to a PC, compute heart rate, display something
         | on a LED screen, etc).
         | 
         | If you need to broadcast at 5.3KHz, that's pretty easy too.
         | There are numerous designs out there for a basic CW transmitter
         | (https://makerf.com/posts/ten-minute-transmitter). You may have
         | trouble finding a crystal centered at your 5.3KHz frequency.
        
       | platz wrote:
       | The multichannel components LimeSDR used are more constructed for
       | streaming video applications, but they dont have good sensitivity
       | in the HF range.
       | 
       | I wish I had gotten a hackRf instead, which also had better
       | tooling support
        
         | stagger87 wrote:
         | This doesn't seem right, you might be thinking of a different
         | product. The LimeSDR uses the LMS7002 IC as an all in one dual
         | channel RF to bits chip. The chip specifically is targeting
         | broadband wireless communications applications. Data sheet
         | linked below.
         | 
         | https://github.com/myriadrf/LMS7002M-docs
        
           | platz wrote:
           | The issue is not with the chip itself, but with with the
           | choices made for the board construction
           | https://wiki.myriadrf.org/LimeSDR_HF_Performance
        
             | stagger87 wrote:
             | I was more specifically responding to your comment that it
             | was constructed for "streaming video applications". I don't
             | think the SDR is targeting this application.
        
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