[HN Gopher] Big oil coined 'carbon footprints' to blame us for t...
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       Big oil coined 'carbon footprints' to blame us for their greed
        
       Author : dredmorbius
       Score  : 272 points
       Date   : 2021-08-26 11:32 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theguardian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theguardian.com)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | codingdave wrote:
       | I worked in the oil & gas industry about a decade ago. I recall a
       | conversation with our CEO directly talking about renewables and
       | the environment. He said, very clearly, that this entire industry
       | is about money, and they will do whatever makes them the most
       | money. If renewable ever paid more than oil, they'd go there. But
       | direct from his mouth - it is 100% about money.
       | 
       | If anyone doubts that they are greed-driven, just ask. They don't
       | hide it.
        
         | barbazoo wrote:
         | Isn't that just capitalism? Replace "oil & gas" with any other
         | for profit organizations and the same would be true, no?. E.g.
         | if being privacy focused could make Facebook even more money
         | than what they're doing now, they'd do it, etc.
        
           | aga98mtl wrote:
           | > Isn't that just capitalism?
           | 
           | Soviet Russia was into oil production just as much as anyone
           | else. The simple truth is that oil is very useful and the
           | externalities are easy to ignore. The blame game is not
           | useful for this situation.
        
         | S_A_P wrote:
         | I'm not sure how that CEOs response differs from
         | <insertanyindustryhere>. It is a rare case that you see a CEO
         | decide that some other metric is more important than making
         | money.
        
           | qeternity wrote:
           | It doesn't. It's a CEO's fiduciary duty to act in
           | shareholders best interests.
           | 
           | EDIT: HN, you're really getting juvenile. Save downvotes for
           | low quality comments, not 100% factual comments that you
           | simply don't like.
        
             | Dylan16807 wrote:
             | 'best interests' can include priorities other than money.
        
               | qeternity wrote:
               | No, they can't. This isn't my opinion. This is opinion of
               | the US legal system.
        
               | b3morales wrote:
               | No, that's not so; you're under a (common)
               | misapprehension:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17529520
        
               | codingdave wrote:
               | While the pendulum goes back and forth on this issue, and
               | in past decades, it did lean towards profits, I'm not
               | aware of any regulatory enforcement of business decisions
               | to maximize profits. Quite the contrary, almost all large
               | businesses make charitable donations, which is the legal
               | basis dating back to a 1956 NJ Supreme Court decision to
               | support the legal rights to put social good above
               | corporate profits.
               | 
               | Even if that were not the case, we have recently swung to
               | the other end of the pendulum, with corporate governance
               | groups making an explicit change to work towards more
               | than just profits a couple years ago --
               | https://fortune.com/longform/business-roundtable-ceos-
               | corpor...
        
             | sharemywin wrote:
             | The question is about long term interests versus short
             | term. having an excellent qtr when you company falls off a
             | cliff at the end of the year would probably be considered
             | not looking out for share holder's best interest.
        
               | qeternity wrote:
               | Sure? All of these evil companies have had many, many
               | good quarters (decades worth...which is pretty long term)
               | and now have tens of billions of quarterly profits at
               | their disposal to invest in wherever the next decades of
               | demand will be.
        
         | qeternity wrote:
         | > If anyone doubts that they are greed-driven, just ask. They
         | don't hide it.
         | 
         | They have a legal obligation to pursue profits for
         | shareholders. This is their fiduciary duty.
         | 
         | And they are like this because their consumers are like this.
         | If people weren't so "greedy" demanding hydrocarbons at rock
         | bottom prices, and instead wanted to pay a premium for solar
         | powered EVs, well then hell believe me they would pursue those
         | businesses.
         | 
         | But the demand isn't there. Consumers are too greedy. Consumers
         | don't want to change their behavior.
         | 
         | EDIT: Downvotes, but no replies. Really HN, we just downvote
         | people we disagree with? How about tossing your hat in the
         | ring.
        
           | throwaway894345 wrote:
           | Of course this is absurd because consumers have no access to
           | information about the emissions that factor into their
           | products, and various corporations work very hard to prevent
           | this kind of transparency (including misleading people on the
           | calculus a la TFA).
           | 
           | Not only that, but most consumers don't concretely understand
           | the implications of "climate change" because most people
           | can't summon a dozen climate researchers to do a study and
           | communicate the results (indeed, in most places the actual
           | studies are paywalled). And here too, corporations are deeply
           | invested in making sure people believe that climate change is
           | just a myth or that the implications aren't as severe as the
           | science leads us to believe.
        
           | thinkcontext wrote:
           | Do they also have a legal obligation to lie and fund
           | disinformation?
        
             | qeternity wrote:
             | Complete strawman. I never said this.
             | 
             | Oil companies/execs should be held accountable for
             | misdeeds.
             | 
             | But that is a tiny fraction of the problem facing us. Let's
             | say they came out decades ago and said "hey, there's
             | probably going to be some repercussions for using our
             | products" ... do you really think that would have changed
             | anything?
             | 
             | We know right now what needs to be done. And yet Biden is
             | running around pleading with OPEC to increase production to
             | bring gasoline prices down. Why? Because people want cheap
             | hydrocarbons, no matter how many downvotes you throw at me.
        
               | thinkcontext wrote:
               | > Let's say they came out decades ago and said "hey,
               | there's probably going to be some repercussions for using
               | our products" ... do you really think that would have
               | changed anything?
               | 
               | Yes. Big oil's lies and disinformation seeded the
               | denialism that took hold in the Republican party decades
               | ago.
        
               | qeternity wrote:
               | Fine. What would that have changed? You can blame
               | denialism all you want but a much more powerful motive is
               | economic. For most of their history, fossil fuels have
               | been the cheapest source of energy.
               | 
               | It's not as if I see half of the US (Democrats) driving
               | EVs, installing solar on their roofs, eating plant based
               | diets, etc. Blaming Republican denial is just dishonest.
        
               | thinkcontext wrote:
               | I think Exxon et al saying climate change is real and
               | their own internal research confirms it would have
               | changed policy. Better policies could have meant
               | batteries, nuclear, solar, wind, etc could all have been
               | cheaper faster. It could have meant a carbon border tax
               | which would have hamstrung a lot of US manufacturing
               | going to China. The negotiations between Obama and
               | Lindsey Graham for a carbon price might have succeeded.
               | 
               | There's a whole "What if?" where the innovation and
               | beginnings of a post-denial GOP could have happened
               | earlier.
        
           | stephen_g wrote:
           | The downvotes are because you are parroting a common
           | misconception. There is no 'duty' (legal or otherwise) for a
           | company to pursue producing profits for shareholders.
           | 
           | They have to act in the interest of the shareholders, which
           | could mean all sorts of things other than producing profit.
           | That could include things like "not paying huge amounts of
           | money on lobbying and advertising campaigns to spread
           | misinformation about renewable energy and try to cast doubt
           | on climate change for decades while they knew it was real"...
        
       | nyerp wrote:
       | > "Say you have a certain amount of time and money with which to
       | make change - call it x, since that is what we mathematicians
       | call things. The trick is to increase that x by multiplication,
       | not addition. The trick is to take that 5 percent of people who
       | really care and make them count for far more than 5 percent. And
       | the trick to that is democracy."
       | 
       | > That is, private individual actions don't increase at a rate
       | sufficient to affect the problem in a timely fashion; collective
       | action seeking changes in policy and law can.
       | 
       | This is actually a description of the politics of "special
       | interest groups" and it usually leads to horrible things. If an
       | idea is only supported by 5% of the population, we generally do
       | NOT want that 5% of the population driving the legislative
       | agenda. Instead, ideas need to first gain broad support among the
       | general population, at which point enacting legislation may be
       | desirable in order to solve collective action problems such as
       | preventing free riding.
        
         | majormajor wrote:
         | That's not how I interpret that quotation from the article at
         | all. "The trick to that is democracy" not "the trick to that is
         | lobbying."
         | 
         | Instead of spending your time trying to reduce your own "carbon
         | footprint" spend it convincing other people to support
         | legislative action.
         | 
         | "Big Oil" wants you to spend your time working just on yourself
         | instead of spending your time sharing the information about why
         | we need to reign them in. The private individual efforts of 5%
         | of people will do less than the evangelical efforts of that
         | same group.
        
         | jfim wrote:
         | > If an idea is only supported by 5% of the population, we
         | generally do NOT want that 5% of the population driving the
         | legislative agenda.
         | 
         | It depends. The other 95% of the population might be agnostic
         | or unaware of the idea, or the other 95% of the population
         | might be opposed to the idea.
         | 
         | If Congress were to pass a law mandating funding for WWVB radio
         | until 2050, for example, would even 5% of the population have
         | an opinion on it either way?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | turbinerneiter wrote:
           | Probably, if you used words they know instead of acronyms
           | they don't.
           | 
           | "Do you want the radio signal that allows clocks to sync to
           | keep running? Here is a list of devices you might know and
           | use that rely on them: ..."
        
             | olyjohn wrote:
             | I guarantee nobody would care. Even when you tell people
             | the impact it might have on them... they may only have to
             | replace one clock, or not any at all. Their cell phone
             | clock works just fine.
        
               | turbinerneiter wrote:
               | Well if it has no impact on them then maybe it's not so
               | important.
        
               | _djo_ wrote:
               | There's a difference between them perceiving it to have
               | no impact, and it having no impact.
               | 
               | It also may be important enough to keep funding with
               | 0.0001% of the budget or whatever it costs, but not
               | important enough for a higher level of funding. Still
               | requires advocacy.
        
       | calkuta wrote:
       | Their business is 100% dependent on our demand for their product.
       | 
       | Who here has made a significant lifestyle change in order to
       | reduce their personal contribution to oil consumption?
        
       | arbuge wrote:
       | Blaming climate change on the "greed" of oil companies seems to
       | me just a way to avoid taking personal responsibility for one's
       | own choices as a consumer.
       | 
       | You really can't drive a massive SUV where a smaller vehicle or
       | even a bike might work perfectly well and then yell at Exxon
       | about their greed.
        
         | Tijdreiziger wrote:
         | And you can't ride a bicycle or train where the infrastructure
         | doesn't exist because of pro-car lobbying by the oil companies,
         | and then yell at individuals about their 'personal
         | responsibility'.
        
           | arbuge wrote:
           | I'm going to hazard a wild guess here that there's a lot more
           | pro-car lobbying going on by the car companies than there is
           | by the oil companies.
        
         | throwaway894345 wrote:
         | 1. Consumers don't have access to information they need to make
         | climate-optimal decisions.
         | 
         | 2. Oil companies lobby hard to make sure people lack the
         | aforementioned information, specifically downplaying climate
         | change.
         | 
         | 3. SUVs are not even a drop in the ocean compared to industrial
         | emissions. You're reaching hard to blame consumers for what is
         | transparently industry's fault.
         | 
         | We need to pass carbon pricing and decarbonize our energy
         | sector.
        
           | arbuge wrote:
           | Regarding 1 & 2, I think there's more than enough information
           | out there at this point for anyone to figure out that large
           | SUVs are worse than smaller vehicles or bicycles for the
           | environment, regardless of whatever lobbying is going on by
           | oil companies.
           | 
           | Regarding #3, I don't know if your first statement is correct
           | or not, but again it would seem to me that the consumer
           | (industries in this case) would have their own share of
           | responsibility, not just the oil & gas companies supplying
           | them.
        
             | throwaway894345 wrote:
             | > Regarding 1 & 2, I think there's more than enough
             | information out there at this point for anyone to figure
             | out that large SUVs are worse than smaller vehicles or
             | bicycles for the environment
             | 
             | That's neither disputed nor relevant. If SUVs were replaced
             | with Toyota Corolas overnight, the climate situation would
             | be negligibly better.
             | 
             | > it would seem to me that the consumer (industries in this
             | case) would have their own share of responsibility, not
             | just the oil & gas companies supplying them.
             | 
             | Oil and gas companies are faulted for obstructing efforts
             | to change the status quo (lobbying and disinformation
             | campaigns), not for supplying energy to their consumers.
             | 
             | Most importantly, we need to pass carbon pricing
             | legislation (with border adjustments) so that consumers at
             | every point in the supply chain can reason effectively
             | about (and share incentives which are aligned with) the
             | environment. Here's a site that makes it trivial to write
             | your legislator: https://citizensclimatelobby.org/house/
        
       | ivankirigin wrote:
       | Blaming supply or demand when you have an unpriced negative
       | externality doesn't make sense. Tax carbon, and use the funds to
       | pay for decarbonization. We'll get better and cheaper
       | alternatives and carbon sinks.
       | 
       | Many quote $100 to $1000/tCO2e. But if we get down to $10,
       | getting to net zero and negative won't break the bank.
        
         | dredmorbius wrote:
         | Who do you think opposes carbon taxes, why, and how do you
         | think they express that will politically, and by what means of
         | supporting that action?
         | 
         | One of the largely unspoken truths of economics is that wealth
         | is power.
         | 
         | Actually, it _was_ spoken, by Adam Smith, in _The Wealth of
         | Nations_ , but somehow that short, succinct, critical phrase is
         | ignored in favour of a much longer one strung together out of
         | multiple sections over hundreds of pages using what for Smith
         | was not an _explanatory mechanism_ , as it's often portrayed,
         | but of _a statement of ignorance_ , that a cause is unknown.
        
       | TomAbel wrote:
       | Controversial thought(not my opinion)
       | 
       | Fossil fuels are good for the world, The reason we used them was
       | because we did not have any real alternative at the time. For the
       | vast majority of history, people were dirt poor. By utilizing
       | fossil fuels we were able to lift billions of people out of
       | poverty.
       | 
       | Think about it, you cant really run an industrialized economy on
       | 100% reneable energy.
       | 
       | Wind and solar are variable energy sources the more we add to the
       | grid the more storage you have use to balance it out.
       | 
       | Hydro(which has its own environmental problems) and geothermal
       | are constrained to certain regions which have favourable
       | geography.
       | 
       | Fossil fuels are literally stored energy that you can stockpile
       | and use when you want to.
       | 
       | We talk about replacing plastic but plastic is one of the
       | greatest materials we ever made(its waterproof, light, flexible,
       | we can shape it into any form and its cheap so it is accessible)
       | just think about all the food we buy at the supermarket most of
       | it is stored in some form plastic to keep it fresh( not talk
       | about things it does not make sense to store in plastic ie fruit
       | that's just silly/wasteful)
       | 
       | Our modern world is built with cement just look around it is
       | everywhere, we use asphalt to build our roads and steel to build
       | means of transport ships, trains, cars etc
       | 
       | We talk about decarbonization but some countries have not even
       | really carbonized to grow their economy to what could be
       | considered a decent standard of living. I can't see how we can
       | look at 3rd world countries ie India/Africa and other 3rd world
       | countries and tell them they can't grow their economies because
       | we used up all the carbon "budget".
        
         | majormajor wrote:
         | They could certainly _have been_ good for the world and also
         | _bad_ for the world going forward. We even have cliches about
         | this,  "too much of a good thing," etc. It's not a difficult
         | concept.
        
         | LeifCarrotson wrote:
         | You can run an industrialized economy on renewable energy. It
         | just wouldn't look the same as the one we have developed in the
         | presence of fossil fuels.
         | 
         | If there were a colony of modern humans established on an
         | Earth-like planet that lacked surface coal seams, didn't have
         | limestone deposits for cement, and lacked oil fields, you
         | wouldn't expect them to shrug and say "Well, back to the stone
         | age, I guess."
         | 
         | No, instead, they'd set up smart grid networks to use power
         | when wind and solar were available and consume less energy when
         | it was not. They'd use DC-DC converters that were more flexible
         | under brownouts, where early energy systems didn't have that
         | technology and had to rely on fixed transformers and fixed
         | frequencies. They'd connect long distance, high-voltage lines
         | between areas with hydro and geothermal energy to regions
         | without, using pumped hydro storage when variable energy
         | sources had excesses. Yes, they'd run Sabatier process
         | factories to generate synthetic hydrocarbons for plastics and
         | portable fuels, they'd precipitate calcium carbonate from ocean
         | salts and atmospheric CO2 to make cements and ceramics; these
         | would probably be less plentiful as a result of their cost and
         | because they'd be aware that they don't decay but they wouldn't
         | be nonexistent.
         | 
         | Our energy systems are moving bit by painful bit in this
         | direction already. Indian, African, and other growing economies
         | are growing in a world where renewables are cheap, where we
         | have tech that makes them more usable, and where there's a lot
         | of knowledge about climate and environmental science so they
         | don't have to make the same mistakes we did.
         | 
         | Yes, the industrialized world works the way it does because of
         | a history of fossil fuels. It may even have been impossible to
         | jump-start the industrial revolution without them. But it
         | doesn't have to remain that way.
        
         | me_me_me wrote:
         | let me fix it for you
         | 
         | > Fossil fuels 'were' good for 'the current human civilization,
         | as it allowed to quickly develop technology at the cost of
         | future' because we did not have any real alternative at the
         | time.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | SavantIdiot wrote:
       | ngl, their marketing teams are brilliant. yes, they are
       | destroying the planet, but they certainly succeeded in driving
       | the language/narrative.
        
         | BitwiseFool wrote:
         | Language is way more powerful than people realize. Changing the
         | language seems to literally change how we think.
        
           | Stupulous wrote:
           | Language doesn't appear to be the driver here. The concept of
           | a carbon footprint is what changes how I think, the name is
           | just a compelling way of conveying that concept. If it were
           | called 'per capita carbon consumption', it would still change
           | how we think in the same way, though fewer people might be
           | aware of it.
        
           | SCUSKU wrote:
           | While I'm no expert in propaganda, Newsspeak was certainly a
           | major topic in Orwell's 1984. The purpose of Newspeak was
           | solely to build language to control how people think about
           | certain topics [1].
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspeak#Thought_control
        
             | PartiallyTyped wrote:
             | Doublethink [1] also facilitates control. I expect this
             | comment to be controversial, but I will express it
             | nonetheless.
             | 
             | Unsurprisingly, doublethink is very prevalent in online
             | discussion boards, I have observed it in both progressive
             | and conservative spaces.
             | 
             | > Doublethink is a process of indoctrination whereby the
             | subject is expected to simultaneously accept two mutually
             | contradictory beliefs as correct, often in contravention to
             | one's own memories or sense of reality.[1] Doublethink is
             | related to, but differs from, hypocrisy.
             | 
             | An example of this within conservative spaces is demanding
             | freedom, but supporting fascism, such as the instance where
             | the datascientist that reported covid cases from Florida
             | was swatted by the police and had her computers and
             | hardware confiscated.
             | 
             | An example of this within progressive spaces is demanding
             | equality across genders, but at the same time screeching
             | about saving women and children from Afghanistan and
             | sending men to die like pigs to the slaughterhouse. Or,
             | supporting women's education and equality while supporting
             | anachronistic systems found within religions that
             | facilitate subjugation.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doublethink
        
           | teddyh wrote:
           | Yet people usually mock Richard Stallman for insisting on
           | proper terms being used as a condition for being
           | interviewed...
        
           | SavantIdiot wrote:
           | Reminds me of the Negativland album "Free" which discusses
           | the use of language and marketing.
           | 
           | Can't find my CD, but there are samples and one says: "The
           | right words, said Stalin, are worth a thousand regimen"
           | 
           | EDIT: Found it:
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pXAVvmpNYhM
        
       | seanwilson wrote:
       | > But individual and collective action don't have to be pitted
       | against each other. Individual choices do add up (they just
       | don't, in McKibben's terms, multiply). That vegan options are
       | available at a lot of fast-food chains is because enough
       | consumers have created a profitable market for them. We do
       | influence others through our visible choices. Ideas spread,
       | values spread, habits spread; we are social animals and both good
       | and bad behaviors are contagious. (For the bad, just look at the
       | contagiousness of specious anti-vaccination arguments.)
       | 
       | Strong agree with this. I see people argue all the time that
       | individual action won't do anything when it's at least a part of
       | getting to a tipping-point where big changes are made.
       | 
       | It's like the public (who want stuff), companies (who want
       | money), governments (who want votes from the public and approval
       | from companies) and countries are locked in a stalemate all
       | pointing fingers at each other over who is responsible and should
       | change first. Everyone has to do their part and stop making
       | excuses.
       | 
       | Eat less animal products, fly less and drive less where practical
       | is the bare minimum everyone should be doing in my opinion
       | instead of trying to cling on to unsustainable lifestyles as long
       | as they're allowed to.
        
       | datawaslost wrote:
       | Huh! It's not every day you see your work called out in The
       | Guardian as "insidious propaganda"!
       | 
       | I worked for Ogilvy and Mather in the 00s and made the Carbon
       | footprint stuff they mention, at least one version of it. Didn't
       | come up with the concept or wording, but was responsible for the
       | web implementation in the US.
       | 
       | AMA, I guess
        
         | uhorb wrote:
         | Oh cool, thank you.
         | 
         | I've read that oil companies were well aware of how climate
         | change is going to develop based on their sales volume and the
         | resulting oil consumption.
         | 
         | Assuming that's true for BP. To which detail was the climate
         | change impact communicated to you? Was it an explicit
         | requirement to focus public interest away from BP?
         | 
         | What is your opinion on the article in this post?
        
           | datawaslost wrote:
           | I can't really speak to BP's higher-level strategy, but this
           | was the mid-2000s. The fact that an oil company was saying
           | _anything_ about climate change felt like a step forward.
           | Other oil companies ' ads were all about American workers and
           | generic shots of sunsets over oil fields, BP wanted to
           | position themselves as the "green" gas station at a time when
           | that was becoming more a concern - not just with climate
           | change but overall. At that point, BP had a pretty good
           | environmental record compared to competitors like Exxon, who
           | was still reeling from the Valdez disaster - so the
           | requirement would've been to focus public interest _on_ BP,
           | not away from it.
           | 
           | But oil companies don't run ads telling people not to buy
           | gasoline, so you've got to come at it from a slightly
           | different angle. Luckily, "Greener than Exxon" was a pretty
           | low bar, so they didn't need to talk about carbon taxes or
           | emissions. Personal energy consumption has been a part of the
           | discourse since the 70s, and probably fit in well - virtually
           | no one will actually change their habits in any meaningful
           | way, but will probably come out of it feeling better about
           | themselves and BP.
           | 
           | The article itself seemed kinda all over the place. I agree
           | that the world would be a better place if her preferences
           | would've been enacted fifteen years ago, but I'm not sure
           | that BP's advertising campaign had that much to do with it.
           | It wasn't 4-D chess, it was "BP = Green = Good", and
           | _literally_ blew up in their face a few years later when
           | Deepwater exploded.
        
         | rocgf wrote:
         | There is this one thing I always wonder about, not just in this
         | particular context, but generally about what is seen as
         | "greedy" corporations, politicians and so on.
         | 
         | Was the conversation ever blatantly villainous or was it a bit
         | more veiled, as is the public discourse?
        
           | datawaslost wrote:
           | What would the unveiled villainous conversation sound like?
           | 
           | I think this stuff is a lot less complex than people think.
           | Companies just want to increase sales with effective
           | marketing that makes them look better than their competitors.
        
         | datawaslost wrote:
         | Not my proudest work, but this was pre-Deepwater and BP was
         | honestly putting _a lot_ of new money towards green and
         | renewable projects. At the time, it felt like a step in the
         | right direction.
        
           | rfw300 wrote:
           | Do you think it was wrong to do in hindsight?
        
             | datawaslost wrote:
             | It doesn't keep me up at night. In retrospect, it was
             | probably one of the most dubious things I worked on in a
             | decade of advertising, but I (mostly) left the industry
             | because it was morally neutral, not outright wrong. It just
             | felt like a big waste of talent and money, rather than
             | "insidious"
        
           | vanderZwan wrote:
           | I know someone who joined Shell with the hope of helping it
           | transition to renewable technologies (and who was actively
           | lured with that promise), and who later quit after they
           | realized that Shell was just trying to get all capable people
           | who could be working on sustainability stuff to work for them
           | instead, then drip-feed them promises of change while
           | tempting them to work on other projects and give up on those
           | sustainability things with big sacks o' money. One might
           | almost say "embrace, extend (the usage of oil), extinguish".
           | 
           | With hindsight, do you think something like that was
           | happening at BP too?
        
             | milkytron wrote:
             | > With hindsight, do you think something like that was
             | happening at BP too?
             | 
             | I'm pretty sure BP spent more on marketing their
             | sustainability initiatives than they actually spent on
             | their sustainability initiatives.
        
             | datawaslost wrote:
             | Maybe! I think the one thing I've learned from my biggest
             | clients is that slight % increases in sales for companies
             | of that size equal billions of dollars, so there's so much
             | room for waste. It doesn't have to be villainous - they can
             | spend $50m on renewable tech and it _just doesn 't matter_
             | - it's a drop in the bucket compared to other things, and
             | can fail without consequences. I bet it attracted a lot of
             | great talent, and I bet a lot of that was lured towards
             | more profitable things with big bags of money.
        
         | SuoDuanDao wrote:
         | Honestly, the only way for grassroots efforts to do anything is
         | to become less dependent on these doubleplus ungood
         | corporations. I think your work is incredibly valuable, and
         | given the quality of the Guardian recently I wouldn't be
         | surprised to learn they're criticising your work because it
         | encourages people to consoom less.
         | 
         | Bit of a technical question for your AMA, how do you see the
         | tradeoffs in carbon footprints if supply chains shorten?
         | There's efficiencies of scale balanced against cost of moving
         | materials that I assume means the smallest carbon footprint for
         | a given lifestyle requires some extended supply chains, but
         | probably shorter than what we have today. Any thoughts on that?
        
           | datawaslost wrote:
           | It's interesting how much more complicated and better
           | thought-out that stuff is now than it was fifteen years ago.
           | I think supply chains and lifecycles are a huge part of
           | things, and it was barely a part of our thinking back then.
           | It was more like "hey did you know taking a plane burns
           | carbon too?"
        
       | Bostonian wrote:
       | Big oil is big because billions of people rely on hydrocarbons
       | for transport, heating their homes, electricity, and many other
       | things. Demonizing "Big Oil" is a way to evade the fact that
       | people are not willing to pay large amounts to stop the world
       | from warming a few degrees.
        
         | JulianMorrison wrote:
         | Big industry of all sorts routinely tries to manipulate public
         | opinion and the machinery of government to keep itself in
         | business. That goes for big corn as much as big oil, but big
         | oil is the one fucking over the planet.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | Did big oil buy you a big house in the suburbs?
        
             | JulianMorrison wrote:
             | Now ask me if I have a big house in the suburbs? Answer
             | will be no.
        
         | j-pb wrote:
         | That is ignoring the trillions of dollar this industry has
         | spend on think tanks for the downplay of climate change,
         | funding of paid for scientific articles to spread fud, funding
         | conservative anti-science parties, lobbying for laws that
         | actively hinder progress in renewable energies, hoarding
         | patents on renewable energies, buying sustainable competitors
         | and killing them.
         | 
         | This is beyond "people don't want to pay more", this is "we
         | could get the same energy but cheaper, but that wouldn't allow
         | the very powerfull to exhauste an available resource to
         | depletion before they move on and leave us all with the
         | externalised costs".
        
           | qeternity wrote:
           | > That is ignoring the trillions of dollar this industry has
           | spend on think tanks for the downplay of climate change
           | 
           | Hahaha oh my. Hyperbolize much? It's difficult to take the
           | rest of your comment seriously after this.
           | 
           | > This is beyond "people don't want to pay more", this is "we
           | could get the same energy but cheaper, but that wouldn't
           | allow the very powerfull to exhauste an available resource to
           | depletion before they move on and leave us all with the
           | externalised costs".
           | 
           | You don't understand economics. If you make a bad thing
           | cheaper, people will consume more of that bad thing,
           | depleting it and screwing over the environment even faster.
           | Fossil fuels need to be much much more expensive so people
           | stop burning them. You can't have it both ways. Oil companies
           | may be bad and evil, but you don't even have a tenuous grasp
           | on the topic.
        
           | Proven wrote:
           | > That is ignoring the trillions of dollar this industry has
           | spend on think tanks for the downplay of climate change
           | 
           | Trillions? That's a lot!
        
           | ryan93 wrote:
           | They haven't spent any where close to trillions on think
           | tanks. People want cheap energy don't need think tanks to
           | keep demand for oil high.
        
         | throwaway894345 wrote:
         | Per TFA and many other sources, "Big Oil" (and many other
         | industries) lobby and market _hard_ to make sure that people
         | misunderstand climate change and lack access to the information
         | required to make climate-friendly purchasing decisions. Your
         | comment is peak victim blaming.
        
           | ryan93 wrote:
           | Obviously not true. People have known about climate change
           | for many decades. Every countries media discusses it
           | regularly. Scientists have published countless thousands of
           | open papers about it. You act like we just found out about
           | global warming last week
        
             | throwaway894345 wrote:
             | Of course we both know that it's insufficient that the
             | media and science discuss it if huge swaths of the
             | population distrust those institutions or if they get large
             | amounts of conflicting information via their social
             | networks.
             | 
             | > You act like we just found out about global warming last
             | week
             | 
             | Humanity isn't a borg mind. Just because science has been
             | increasing its understanding of climate change for decades
             | doesn't mean that the average citizen possesses a climate
             | scientist's understanding. And the carbon industries have
             | worked hard to ensure that laypeople and especially
             | politicians misunderstand.
        
               | ryan93 wrote:
               | I actually think everyone understands that dealing with
               | climate change means increasing energy costs
               | substantially. Oil companies wasted money on lobbying.
               | Human nature would have given us the same result
        
               | throwaway894345 wrote:
               | I've never met anyone who could estimate with any degree
               | of certainty how much a given climate policy (e.g., a
               | $15/ton tax on carbon with border adjustments) would
               | affect a given product or service (not even gasoline,
               | which is a straightforward derivative of oil) because
               | supply chains are so opaque. No doubt there are
               | economists and other academics who try to get in the
               | right ballpark, but even then the error margins are
               | enormous and economists account for a minuscule share of
               | voters.
               | 
               | > Human nature would have given us the same result
               | 
               | Lobbying _is human nature_. _Human nature already gave us
               | this result_. Banding together to overcome special
               | interests is also human nature. Everything we do is human
               | nature, so this isn 't very meaningful. The meaningful
               | question is whether or not we might have implemented
               | carbon pricing by now were it not for corporate lobbying
               | and disinformation campaigns, and I'm thoroughly
               | convinced that the answer is "yes".
        
               | ryan93 wrote:
               | Supply chains aren't opaque. Every politician knows that
               | energy costs effect everything substantially. Doesn't
               | take Nostradamus to know jacking up energy prices pissed
               | people off. Flights go up, food prices go up. Gasoline
               | shoots up.
        
               | throwaway894345 wrote:
               | > Supply chains aren't opaque.
               | 
               | So what's the carbon footprint of an XBox Series X? What
               | about a 20 oz bottle of Trader Joe's brand extra virgin
               | olive oil? If this information isn't readily available to
               | consumers, it's "opaque" for all intents and purposes.
               | 
               | > Every politician knows that energy costs effect
               | everything substantially.
               | 
               | You give politicians _far_ too much credit.
               | 
               | > Doesn't take Nostradamus to know jacking up energy
               | prices pissed people off.
               | 
               | So cut a check to everyone making less than, say, $400K
               | (or subsidize things if that's your kink). Perfectly
               | feasible with carbon pricing. Moreover, after a while
               | corporations will find greener ways to reduce costs. If
               | you're a conservative or libertarian, _welcome to the
               | free market_.
        
               | ryan93 wrote:
               | Wrong every politician knows massive carbon taxes will be
               | ultimately borne by consumers. What do you think oil gas
               | profit margins are such that they can offset taxes for
               | anyone making less than 400,000. Lol thats like 98% of
               | the country
        
       | thehappypm wrote:
       | People act like oil companies are the ones burning oil. They're
       | just responding to demand. We need to make oil less competitive,
       | with better alternatives. No point or even value in demonizing
       | these companies -- the whole world is complicit.
        
         | betterunix2 wrote:
         | https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/19/climate/koch-brothers-pub...
         | 
         | That is not "just responding to demand," it is actively working
         | to inflate demand. Oil companies have worked hard for decades
         | to keep people in their cars, including participating in the
         | conspiracy to dismantle electric streetcar lines across America
         | (along with GM and several tire manufacturers). You say we need
         | to make oil less competitive, but oil companies are actively
         | working against efforts to do so.
        
         | baron_harkonnen wrote:
         | While I do agree that it's overly simplistic to exclusively
         | blame oil companies, and for the most part agree that we are
         | all complicit, it isn't quite as straightforward as that.
         | 
         | Most of our jobs depend on the creation of demand for products
         | and services that didn't exist yesterday. Capitalism isn't
         | strictly about fulfilling our needs, but perpetually creating
         | new needs, in order to perpetually generate more profit. Those
         | needs become real, we're all complicit only in that all of us
         | are incapable at this point of honestly living a fossil fuel
         | free life.
         | 
         | We can't radically change our society at this point, but it's
         | naive and incorrect to assume that our unsustainable way of
         | life was the only option. Most indigenous peoples around the
         | globe had lived in a way that was sustainable. The Pre-
         | columbian population of the America's is estimated to have been
         | as high as 112 million people [0]. The societies were large and
         | complex and yet still were able to avoid destroying their local
         | portion of the biosphere.
         | 
         | Even in our industrial society there have been critics of our
         | way of life every generation and there have been people working
         | to silence that criticism, and it's not just the average person
         | doing this work. One the example that I find particularly
         | surprising is that the Club of Rome's _Limits to Growth_ ,
         | published in 1972, was a fairly major part of the American
         | zeitgeist, so much so that Ronal Reagan specifically attacked
         | this idea in his famous quote:
         | 
         | > There are no great limits to growth because there are no
         | limits of human intelligence, imagination, and wonder.
         | 
         | Consequently an era of aggressive neoliberalism means that
         | ideologically people are _less_ willing to accept that infinite
         | growth on a finite planet is a problem than they were 50 years
         | ago.
         | 
         | I think it's important not to fall into the easy trap of
         | thinking that a bunch of evil oil execs are solely responsible
         | for climate change, but at the same time it's overly
         | simplistic, and perhaps equally dangerous, to simply say "this
         | is what everyone wanted". A severe alcoholic might want to quit
         | drinking, but at the same time wants to continue, if there is
         | someone in that person's life encouraging and enabling their
         | drinking we typically find that individual culpable in the
         | former's struggle to recover.
         | 
         | [0] https://uwpress.wisc.edu/books/0289.htm
        
         | splatcollision wrote:
         | They call themselves "energy" companies, so where does it
         | matter where that energy comes from?
         | 
         | In that perfect world where once they knew early on that the
         | consumption of their product would lead to an uninhabitable
         | planet for future generations (because that's what we're facing
         | now), couldn't they have pivoted (slowly) towards true
         | renewables and battery technology? They could have been the
         | leaders instead of the culprits, and positioned for greater
         | long term growth and shareholder value, instead of the
         | relatively short term profits of business as usual.
         | 
         | As long as we're writing science fiction that is... But someone
         | somewhere made a choice to bury the science and keep the status
         | quo, either by action or inaction.
        
           | nitrogen wrote:
           | Some of them did. The first solar panel I ever saw in person
           | had a BP logo on it. But big ships turn very slowly.
        
           | flavius29663 wrote:
           | They do invest in renewable energy, as it becomes the clear
           | replacement for diesel and gasoline.
           | 
           | First you had the decarbonization of the electric grid, and
           | of course that those companies de-carbonized first. Now that
           | cars are getting de-carbonized, you see Shell, BP and others
           | invest in green energy as well.
           | 
           | These are companies that respond to shareholders, not sure
           | how they could "invest for the greater good" at a loss
           | without betraying their investors. Only governments can
           | invest at a loos, if the public opinion can stomach it.
           | 
           | https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottcarpenter/2021/03/29/shell.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://www.wsj.com/articles/bp-bets-future-on-green-
           | energy-...
        
         | akamaka wrote:
         | I used to only blame consumers, until I learned how inefficient
         | oil production is and how much CO2 is emitted at the oilfield.
         | Yes, some oil companies are burning huge amounts of oil and
         | methane before the product even reaches the end user. For
         | decades, these companies have chosen against implementing
         | process improvements, and the only way they will do anything is
         | by penalizing them.
         | 
         | https://news.stanford.edu/2018/08/30/measuring-crude-oils-ca...
        
           | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
           | How is this different from literally any company, though?
           | 
           | If it would be more profitable to be efficient, they would
           | be.
           | 
           | Where are these mythical giant companies that are foregoing
           | profits and doing the right thing and not getting sued by
           | shareholders?
        
             | fisf wrote:
             | Because they are creating negative externalities that are
             | not priced.
        
         | throwaway894345 wrote:
         | These disinformation campaigns are a major obstacle to
         | introducing the kind of reforms required to decarbonize our
         | economy. Overcoming these obstacles largely requires shining a
         | light on their bad behavior so the oil companies (and other
         | industry groups) lose credibility and thus undermine their
         | disinformation campaigns.
         | 
         | Perhaps to your point, there's no way out of this mess without
         | carbon pricing, and even Democrats (who profess to believe that
         | climate change is an existential threat) won't rally behind it
         | even though it would free up massive amounts of money to fund
         | their redistributive programs--choosing instead to _spend_
         | large amounts of money on symbolic efforts such as a  "citizens
         | climate corps". I suspect this speaks in large part to the
         | extent to which corporations have politicians in their pockets
         | (certainly Joe Manchin is in the pocket of the coal industry
         | and doesn't even pretend otherwise). Note that this isn't to
         | say Republicans are better--by and large Republicans haven't
         | even signed onto the idea that climate change poses an
         | existential threat.
         | 
         | EDIT: everyone should write their congresspeople and urge them
         | to support carbon pricing initiatives. Here's a dead-simple
         | link that takes your email and your address, identifies your
         | representatives, and gives you a form pre-populated with a
         | canned message that will be emailed when you click "submit":
         | https://citizensclimatelobby.org/house/
        
         | ren_engineer wrote:
         | the tragedy is that we'd probably be carbon neutral if it
         | wasn't for activists who lobbied against nuclear energy decades
         | ago because it wasn't "environmentally friendly"
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | It was inextricably linked with nuclear weapons; Greenpeace
           | got their start protesting against atom bomb tests in the
           | Pacific, and later against the dumping of radioactive waste
           | in the sea.
           | 
           | The pollutants are uniquely permanent, and not enough effort
           | was made to not just contaminate the world.
           | 
           | Perhaps the nuclear industry needs to examine why their
           | marketing failed where the oil industry succeeded.
        
             | thehappypm wrote:
             | It's largely because of the free market. There is not
             | really a nuclear "industry", nuclear plants are more of a
             | government thing worldwide. Governments aren't as good at
             | the ruthless cost-cutting and decision-making that is
             | needed to be competitive with the private sector. It's hard
             | to imagine an Exxon-for-nuclear when you consider that
             | nuclear fuel is impossible to acquire privately.
        
             | teddyh wrote:
             | From what I understand, nuclear power was "inextricably
             | linked with nuclear weapons" because it was _designed to be
             | that way_. From what I hear, it can, and could, relatively
             | easily be designed otherwise, but the powers that be wanted
             | nuclear weapons at the time.
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | Absolutely; the power generation was almost a side effect
               | of producing plutonium. This also cross funded the
               | projects. Many of the countries with reactors have the
               | bomb (notable exceptions: Canada, Japan, Germany)
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > People act like oil companies are the ones burning oil.
         | They're just responding to demand.
         | 
         | No, they're not.
         | 
         | > We need to make oil less competitive, with better
         | alternatives.
         | 
         | Like tobacco companies, oil companies have actively lied and
         | lobbied to maintain demand and obstruct coordinated effort of
         | exactly the kind you describe as necessary. They are not
         | passive actors simply responding to demand as they find it.
        
           | coryrc wrote:
           | Is Big Oil why we can't have affordable, safe, quiet housing
           | in dense cities?
           | 
           | Is Big Oil why people like taking planes to Hawaii?
           | 
           | Is Big Oil why it's much cheaper to heat with natural gas?
        
             | m4x wrote:
             | > Is Big Oil why it's much cheaper to heat with natural
             | gas?
             | 
             | Heating with natural gas is incredibly expensive. It only
             | looks cheap because most of the costs are externalised -
             | thanks to lobbying by Big Oil.
        
             | ggggtez wrote:
             | Yes. I think you're trying to be sarcastic, but it's true.
             | 
             | Cities are designed the way they are because of cars. Roads
             | and highways cut up the city and make neighborhoods less
             | walkable. That wasn't an accident, but the result of
             | decades of lobbying by oil and car industries.
             | 
             | People like flying to places because they are fed FOMO
             | about travel. That has a profit motive. You may find this
             | less convincing.
             | 
             | And yes, it's cheaper to use natural gas because of... Drum
             | roll... Lobbying. Consider what heating would cost if those
             | companies were properly paying for the environmental damage
             | they are causing. Look at California PG&E going bankrupt
             | after the damage from the huge forest fires they kept
             | causing. Climate damage is no less real, but who is footing
             | the bill?
        
             | drdeca wrote:
             | I can't say definitively for the first one, but for the
             | second one, obviously not.
             | 
             | However, lies are bad.
             | 
             | Presumably they had a motivation to tell such lies, yes?
             | Presumably they believed that telling such lies were to
             | their benefit? Presumably the mechanism by which they
             | believed telling such lies would be to their benefit would
             | be by influencing the actions of others?
             | 
             | Surely you don't think the reason for the lies is just that
             | they would feel socially awkward if they had been honest?
             | 
             | Presumably they perceived a risk that if they hadn't lied,
             | that some regulations would have been imposed.
             | 
             | These regulations could have restricted emissions by
             | reducing consumption.
             | 
             | Yes, this would mean that consumers would lose something
             | they wanted.
             | 
             | This does not justify lies.
        
               | coryrc wrote:
               | > this would mean that consumers would lose something
               | they wanted.
               | 
               | When was the last time politicians voted for something
               | >55% of their voters didn't want? LBJ and the Civil
               | Rights Act? How did that turn out?
               | 
               | Number 1 shared American value is mass consumerism.
        
               | drdeca wrote:
               | I didn't say they people would be against the regulation.
               | I said they would lose something they wanted, which is
               | something people do basically whenever they spend money
               | (they lose money, which is something they want, in
               | exchange for goods or services that they want more).
        
             | majormajor wrote:
             | The oil industry and the auto industry and the layout of
             | 20th century American cities are all pretty thoroughly tied
             | together, so I think you're significantly underestimating
             | the effects of _deliberate action_ on the world.
             | 
             | There's a certain mindset of technological determinism that
             | says we can't control what happens with a new technological
             | development, and how it impacts our society, but I
             | completely disagree with it. And so do the people running a
             | lot of the companies developing those technologies - they
             | have and will continue to aggressively push for the
             | policies which favor them _regardless of the externalities_
             | , so we absolutely have to push for regulation of how
             | technology is used and shapes our lives.
        
               | coryrc wrote:
               | If you want to say part of the reason we have suburban
               | sprawl is auto companies, I'll agree with you, but people
               | had real increases in standard of living when moving out
               | of towns. The air was cleaner, the area safer for kids,
               | and it was quieter (especially given our shoddy apartment
               | buildings).
               | 
               | The way the GI Bill was structured contributed as well.
               | 
               | But Big Oil? Way down the list. If you aren't conceiving
               | of the real reasons, you can't address people's true
               | concerns. In a democracy their vote is just as valuable
               | as yours.
        
             | coryrc wrote:
             | To answer my questions:
             | 
             | 1 Not to my knowledge; housing policy reflects the desire
             | for segregation.
             | 
             | 2 No, Hawaii is nice.
             | 
             | 3 No, it's physics. Until very recently even a heat pump
             | would burn more hydrocarbons using the grid than direct
             | heating and cost a lot more.
        
               | orwin wrote:
               | 1: True
               | 
               | 2: Big oil did push to keep the plane fuel low (or rather
               | inexistant) worldwide though. But true.
               | 
               | 3: What? No. Unless recently is everything after the 70s.
               | Heat pump was more efficient than gas heating since the
               | 50s (at least), but was hard to control, that was the
               | main issue. My friend grandad learned to work with heat
               | pumps during the Franco-Algerian war (54 i think) and
               | installed one in his home (on Oleron Island) in the 70s
               | (first that were home-sized). I think they were built in
               | Sweden. His career was made on this tech.
        
               | coryrc wrote:
               | Our electrical grid was mostly coal which is more carbon
               | intensive than gas, requiring an efficiency not possible
               | for heat pumps to emit less carbon than burning natural
               | gas directly. Additionally they did not work below
               | freezing well or at all.
               | 
               | Of course, insulation is and was the most carbon-
               | efficient investment.
        
             | noelherrick wrote:
             | Whataboutism is not very effective to an audience trained
             | to understand it. Perhaps try again.
             | 
             | The oil industry has spent much on misinformation and
             | lobbying around their impact to climate. They are actively
             | evil. From Standard Oil on, this industry has always been
             | about enriching the few at the expense of everyone else.
             | Big Oil is an active threat and everyone involved in its
             | climate change denial needs to be removed from the energy
             | industry.
        
           | marcusverus wrote:
           | > Like tobacco companies, oil companies have actively lied
           | and lobbied to maintain demand and obstruct coordinated
           | effort of exactly the kind you describe as necessary. They
           | are not passive actors simply responding to demand as they
           | find it.
           | 
           | These really aren't very similar. Big Tobacco's lies were the
           | only thing propping up the tobacco industry. As soon as the
           | truth became clear, their industry was absolutely crushed.
           | The truth about climate change has been clear for decades,
           | but unlike the situation with tobacco, the demand for Oil &
           | Gas keeps on growing[0]. This is because, unlike tobacco, Oil
           | & Gas is absolutely indispensable--especially for developing
           | countries.
           | 
           | Lying about climate change was a terrible thing, and it cost
           | us precious time. But we still need them to keep the lights
           | on, and pretending that the act of producing Oil & Gas today
           | --when it is literally a hard requirement to keep the lights
           | on around the world-- is somehow pernicious, is just
           | silliness. The world is stressful enough without all the
           | outrage theatre.
           | 
           | [0] https://ourworldindata.org/fossil-fuels
        
             | ggggtez wrote:
             | Arguably the only thing propping up the oil industry is
             | lies as well... If it wasn't for the big lie that Climate
             | Change isn't real, then the USA would have never left the
             | Paris Accord, and would have much stricter Climate goals
             | already in place.
             | 
             | So yes, lies and lobbying are propping up big oil.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | fallingknife wrote:
             | > As soon as the truth became clear, their industry was
             | absolutely crushed
             | 
             | Gonna have to disagree with you on that one...
             | https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/PM
        
               | JohnWhigham wrote:
               | Seriously, not sure what they're talking about. Many
               | tobacco companies have exceptional dividends. If they're
               | going to continue to supply their wares, I want a little
               | piece of the pie in my portfolio.
        
             | betterunix2 wrote:
             | "a hard requirement to keep the lights on around the world"
             | 
             | That is a bad example of what we need the petroleum
             | industry for. A combination of wind, solar, hydroelectric,
             | and nuclear power could meet the world's electricity needs
             | for many decades to come, especially as we have become so
             | much more efficient with our electricity use compared to
             | previous decades. The very link you provided states,
             | "Globally, fossil fuels account for a much smaller share of
             | electricity production than the energy system as a whole."
             | 
             | The bigger challenges are transportation (especially
             | airplanes and cargo ships) and the chemicals industry,
             | where oil is much harder to replace. Electric cars and
             | trains are doable with sufficient infrastructure
             | investment, but for cargo ships the only real alternative
             | right now is nuclear power, and I am not sure we have any
             | viable alternatives for air transport as we know it.
        
           | AnimalMuppet wrote:
           | > > People act like oil companies are the ones burning oil.
           | They're just responding to demand.
           | 
           | > No, they're not.
           | 
           | That would be more convincing if you gave a reason _why_ you
           | say  "no, they're not". Even better would be evidence.
        
             | bwha wrote:
             | Sigh. I mean are people really this unaware of the decades
             | long efforts by oil companies to cover up the truth of what
             | was going on?
             | 
             | I'll act in good faith and believe they are.
             | 
             | One quick summary by the BBC:
             | https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-53640382
             | 
             | Choice quotes from above: "... I created a model that
             | showed the Earth would be warming very significantly. And
             | the warming would introduce climatic changes that would be
             | unprecedented in human history. That blew my mind.
             | 
             | They (the oil execs) were saying things that were
             | contradicting their own world-class research groups..."
             | 
             | An in depth look in podcast format.
             | 
             | https://drillednews.com/podcast-2/
             | 
             | Season Summaries: Season 1: The Origins of Climate Denial
             | traced the corporate-funded creation and spread of climate
             | denial, including interviews with former Exxon scientists,
             | primary source documents, and an in-depth look at the
             | history of fossil fuel-funded influence campaigns.
             | 
             | Season 2: Hot Water follows a group of West Coast crab
             | fisherman who are experiencing first-hand the devastating
             | impacts of climate change. And this unlikely group of
             | climate activists just became the first industry to sue big
             | oil.
             | 
             | Season 3: The Mad Men of Climate Denial digs into the
             | history of fossil fuel propaganda and the few "Mad Men of
             | climate denial" who shaped it.
             | 
             | Season 4: There Will Be Fraud follows the fossil fuel
             | industry's efforts to use the COVID-19 pandemic to push
             | through its wishlist of deregulation and subsidies.
             | 
             | Season 5: La Lucha En La Jungla looks at the decades-long
             | battle between indigenous groups in the Ecuadorian Amazon
             | and Chevron.
             | 
             | Season 6: The Bridge to Nowhere: A season in three parts
             | about the past, present, and future of the natural gas
             | industry.
        
               | slingnow wrote:
               | I promise you that the reason I drive my car everyday has
               | nothing to do with propaganda from the oil companies in
               | any meaningful way.
               | 
               | I'm 100% certain they covered up the truth, but I have no
               | reason to believe that had everyone known the truth,
               | anyone would have cared beyond hardcore
               | environmentalists.
               | 
               | Most everyone does what's convenient and necessary until
               | otherwise required.
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | Driving your car does not fundamentally require burning
               | carbon. That's the thing. Oil companies did not create
               | demand for energy. But they did create demand for _oil_
               | by sabotaging efforts to shift to other energy sources.
        
             | rangerelf wrote:
             | > > > People act like oil companies are the ones burning
             | oil. They're just responding to demand.
             | 
             | > > No, they're not.
             | 
             | > That would be more convincing if you gave a reason why
             | you say "no, they're not". Even better would be evidence.
             | 
             | He did give his reasoning, you just chose not to quote it:
             | 
             | > > Like tobacco companies, oil companies have actively
             | lied and lobbied to maintain demand and obstruct
             | coordinated effort of exactly the kind you describe as
             | necessary. They are not passive actors simply responding to
             | demand as they find it.
             | 
             | And his reasoning was based on propaganda, if oil companies
             | are just passive actors responding to demand, what's the
             | need for such vicious amounts of lobbying and propaganda?
             | My guess is that they're creating the need, and making sure
             | that information and products that go against that
             | propaganda don't become widespread.
        
           | relax88 wrote:
           | They are doing both.
           | 
           | Cigarettes are a luxury item. Petroleum products are a
           | requirement for modern life.
           | 
           | You could fire all of the corporate PR propagandists and
           | lobbyists on the planet and I doubt it would make a dramatic
           | dent in oil consumption.
           | 
           | Couldn't possibly hurt though!
        
             | thinkcontext wrote:
             | > You could fire all of the corporate PR propagandists and
             | lobbyists on the planet and I doubt it would make a
             | dramatic dent in oil consumption.
             | 
             | There's a good chance we could have had a carbon price or
             | other real measures 10 or more years ago without the
             | malignant denialism seed planted by their propagandists.
        
             | epistasis wrote:
             | > Petroleum products are a requirement for modern life.
             | 
             | This is the most insidious and false lie that is spread.
             | Right now we are going through a technological revolution
             | in humanity, maybe on the level of the development of
             | agriculture, in how we generate energy. Renewables and
             | storage are often cheaper than fossil fuels at the moment,
             | and they are getting cheaper just like Moore's law
             | describes the densification of transistors on chips.
             | 
             | HN is full of technologists. We, of all people, should
             | recognize the capacity for technology change. And that
             | technology change is actual work, that needs actual funding
             | and labor, in order to happen.
             | 
             | We do not need fossil fuels for modern life, if we develop
             | the technology. Dedicated technologists and entrepreneurs
             | over the past 50 years have made solar power the cheapest
             | energy out there, despite massive political power and the
             | all the money of fossil fuel companies fighting against
             | them.
             | 
             | If we had prioritized solar and storage, could we have
             | accelerated the tech's development by 10 years? 20 years?
             | 
             | We don't have every single aspect of technology for
             | decarbonization solved yet. Aviation fuel, for example. But
             | that doesn't mean we can't, it just means that we haven't
             | tried hard enough.
        
               | rb12345 wrote:
               | The problem you're possibly missing here is that oil is
               | used for a lot more than just fuel and energy production.
               | It's used for everything else: road surfacing, plastic
               | production, synthetic fibres, chemical and pharmacutical
               | production, lubrication, fertiliser production (although
               | you could switch to green hydrogen for that), and much
               | more. None of that demand disappears if you stop burning
               | oil and gas, although maybe you could use bio-oils as a
               | starting point for some use cases.
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | What's the problem there though? If it's not burned, for
               | energy, then it's not causing emissions.
               | 
               | The one emitting use case you talk about is fertilizer,
               | and the switch from the Haber process to using
               | electrolyzed hydrogen is already starting. It will
               | require a decade or more of tech development to make it
               | cheaper than existing processes, most likely, but it's
               | almost certain to happen as we scale industrial
               | electrolysis.
               | 
               | An example hydrogen fertilizer project:
               | 
               | https://www.bloombergquint.com/technology/spain-could-
               | become...
        
               | relax88 wrote:
               | When I say petroleum products are a requirement for
               | modern life, what I mean is that more than 80% of the
               | energy driving modern society comes from fossil fuels. It
               | probably doesn't have to be that way, but it is. You
               | definitely can't say that for cigarettes.
               | 
               | I think that you raise a valid point, but also that
               | you're far too optimistic about renewables.
               | 
               | The people of HN are indeed very tech focused, and I
               | believe that such optimism about energy transformation
               | with renewables may be more difficult to foster if this
               | forum were called "Engineering and physics news" simply
               | because technologists tend to suffer from the "Law of the
               | hammer" problem.
               | 
               | There are very real engineering challenges with
               | renewables that may very well preclude the kind of
               | dramatic progress you're referring to. Solar and Wind for
               | example require huge amounts of land, and have a fairly
               | high materials throughput as their lifespan is typically
               | only 15-20 years. All of that effort is spent gathering a
               | diffuse source of energy. There are very real physical
               | limits to how much energy you can gather per square foot,
               | per kg of silica, concrete, or steel.
               | 
               | I think your sentiment is correct about nuclear though,
               | which makes me wonder how much big oil has been funding
               | groups like the Sierra Club et al. who have spent nearly
               | half a decade campaigning against nuclear energy.
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | I didn't say anything about nuclear here... but since you
               | brought up the subject, I think it's a perfect
               | illustration of how misaligned perception and reality are
               | on the subject.
               | 
               | The "physical limits" of renewables are not limits to our
               | current energy use or even an order of magnitude more.
               | Similarly, the amount of materials is still far far far
               | less than what is required with fossil fuels. And the
               | amount of material needed to build a 1GW nuclear reactor
               | is within a factor of 5-10 of what it takes to build an
               | equivalent amount of solar power, last time I checked.
               | Both of these are far far far less material than what's
               | needed to generate equivalent energy from fossil fuels,
               | it doesn't even really compare.
               | 
               | The complaints against renewables are pretty much
               | insignificant, and definitet not applicable to reality,
               | but these are the complaints that get perpetuated and
               | listened to again and again in utility decision makers.
               | Meanwhile, these same decision makers are not avoiding
               | nuclear because of what environmental groups are saying,
               | they are avoiding it only because of financial reasons.
               | What it took to restart nuclear construction wasn't
               | protection against environmenta lawsuits, it took the
               | South Carolina and Georgia legislatures passing bills
               | that would allow the utilities to bill for construction
               | even if it weren't overbudget, and even if construction
               | failed and the project never generated electricity. Cost
               | is the primary barrier to new nuclear, not environmental
               | opposition.
               | 
               | Nuclear has spent 50 years over-promising and under-
               | delivering, solar and wind have spent 50 years under-
               | promising and over-delivering. They are a study in
               | contrasts between a hype driven field (nuclear) and a
               | results driven field (renewables).
        
             | mindslight wrote:
             | If you want to frame this in terms of the demand side, then
             | downsizing all of the PR propagandists would be a great
             | start, along with all the other zero sum jobs. Instead of
             | efficiency gains causing people to work less and consume
             | less resources for the same output, central banks insist on
             | "full employment" stimulus that creates make-work jobs to
             | compensate. And despite their utility being zero-sum, these
             | workers are churning hard in the rat race - buying new
             | cars, fancy clothes, big houses, and other wasteful
             | spending as they're time strapped. If instead of churning
             | these people were allowed to just retire, they would use
             | much less resources.
             | 
             | But it seems like we can't insist on financial reform to
             | slow down the economy, because every crisis becomes an
             | excuse for the central banks to pump the gas while scaring
             | people with the deflation bogeyman. And so we're stuck
             | focusing on direct intervention to prevent the ever growing
             | throng of antiproductive labor from doing as much damage.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | "full employment" is everyone who is _willing_ and is
               | _able_ to work, not everyone. Also,  "full" is defined as
               | something like 96% of people who are willing and able.
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | I don't see how spelling out their technical definition
               | addresses what I said. Current central bank policy
               | guarantees that most everyone will "want" to be working
               | to keep paying for their dwelling. Sure, technically if
               | they changed the stimulus to basic income that was high
               | enough to make fewer people "want" to work, then "full
               | employment" could be achieved with less human labor. But
               | in practice that's not how the term is used at all,
               | because of the underlying protestant work ethic asserting
               | that work is good for work's sake.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | I've never heard a complete argument as to how central
               | bank policy makes people want new cars, fancy clothes, or
               | big houses (or tropical and ski vacations)...
               | 
               | I think people want those luxuries and (many) are willing
               | to work for them entirely independent of central bank
               | policy.
        
               | dnautics wrote:
               | Isn't it basic that if there's no point to saving and
               | investing is a rigged casino, you might as well spend it
               | on something fun?
               | 
               | Consume consume consume! It's good for the economy (if
               | you don't grow exponentially at any environmental cost
               | then you can't keep up with inflation and our economy
               | collapses)
        
               | luckylion wrote:
               | > Isn't it basic that if there's no point to saving and
               | investing is a rigged casino, you might as well spend it
               | on something fun?
               | 
               | I don't think it works that way. I know a few people who
               | are very financially conservative, and I am as well. None
               | of them have responded to interest rates of 0% by
               | consuming more. Everyone has shifted their accepted risk
               | a little bit, but that's about it, they're still putting
               | aside money.
               | 
               | On the other hand, the people I know that are spending
               | every available coin for vacation and consumption already
               | did so 20 years ago.
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | Have you, or someone you know, ever alternated between
               | having a high-compensation low-free-time (eg high paid
               | tech job), and low/no-compensation high-free-time (ie
               | funemployment) ? They're two completely different
               | operating modes. In the first mode, every minute of time
               | is valuable so you pay more for convenience (eg
               | restaurant food, same-day shipping), and when you're not
               | working you're willing to spend a lot of money to "relax
               | harder". You also tend to buy new gadgets for the
               | dopamine release and hope of doing something with them,
               | and then never quite get around to actually using them.
               | In the second mode, you're willing to spend more time to
               | get routine things done, engage in hobbies that take
               | patience, cook your own meals, and generally try to keep
               | your burn rate lower. The financial treadmill pushes
               | people towards the first mode, as one's burn rate always
               | includes housing rent that demands a significant base
               | level of income.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | I see the multiple modes, but I think it's human nature
               | and not central bank policy as being the prime driver of
               | that behavior or of the overall financial treadmill.
               | 
               | On average: People want nice things more than crappy
               | things. Nice things cost money. Getting money requires
               | doing something to create value. Creating value for most
               | people means working at a job. If you want nicer/more
               | things than last year or than your neighbor, you need to
               | increase your income.
               | 
               | The beauty of this system is that individuals can choose
               | to live frugally and opt-out of the race to a significant
               | extent, taking advantage of the equity market's
               | consistent long-run returns to setup a system where they
               | can work hard for 10-15 years and bank enough to live a
               | frugal life for their lifetime. In that regard central
               | bank's current easy money policy is very much supportive
               | of the choice of people consuming less than 100% of what
               | they could rather than encouraging 100+% consumption.
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | I'd call that choosing to consume less _despite_ the
               | central bank 's policy. Pulling back to coast doesn't
               | work when you're "in it". To get to that point, you've
               | got to churn hard in a city (economic center), avoid
               | hedonistic temptations as much as you can, and then at
               | some point decide to pull the ripcord and leave to a low
               | cost of living area. At which point you know that it will
               | be really hard to get back on if your projections don't
               | hold.
               | 
               | That's also to say nothing of the (inherently majority
               | of) people who can't sock away enough surplus to do that,
               | and end up on the treadmill their entire life. Tech gives
               | us an outsized perspective here once again, by giving us
               | more than urban-subsistence wages such that we can save
               | up in the first place.
               | 
               | As to people's want of ever-more "nice things" driving
               | their need to work so much, I just don't buy it. Rather,
               | I see an extreme social pressure to keep working as much
               | as possible (try negotiating less than 5 days a week, or
               | every third week off), and then they fill in "nice
               | things" as a rationalization. The same sentiment is
               | repeated in many different areas (spend more time with
               | your kids, etc), but yet few can individually move in
               | that direction without totally eschewing the system
               | ("pulling the ripcord").
               | 
               | And while it's possible for some people to escape the
               | treadmill, it's not a possibility for most people and
               | therefore not sustainable for society. There's a reason
               | people doing it get labels like retired, FIRE, startup
               | lottery, trust fund kid, etc.
               | 
               | As for central bank policy, it's reflected in
               | malinvestments like much of Surveillance Valley. One of
               | the most glaring examples was those startups buying
               | electric scooters in bulk, under the hope that if they
               | filled the sidewalk that money would eventually fall in.
               | That's misproduction (and environmental pollution) driven
               | directly by too much capital sloshing around, seeking any
               | sort of return.
        
               | relax88 wrote:
               | This is an excellent way to describe it.
               | 
               | I've definitely had times in my life with both modes.
               | 
               | There is very much a lifestyle trap in which the current
               | work culture prevents a truly balanced approach.
               | 
               | I suspect one of the barriers to having a reduced work
               | week is the cost of employee benefits. Companies want to
               | get their money's worth for every employee on payroll. So
               | the options for reduced work hours are somewhat limited.
               | If you make 75k a year, it seems every extra dollar
               | beyond that has less value per unit of time spent to earn
               | it. I would rather work 20-30hrs a week for half of my
               | salary but there aren't any employers who like that idea,
               | nor is it easy to do the consultant/contractor thing as a
               | solo contributor who only puts in 20-30hrs.
               | 
               | Personally my response (intentionally or not) has been to
               | leave roles when I'm feeling burnt out, take some time
               | off, learn some new skills to boost my market value, and
               | then rinse and repeat.
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | The biggest intrinsic barrier is that increasing the
               | number of employees increases the communications
               | overhead. Would you rather have one computer with 8 cores
               | and 64G of memory, or two computers each with 4 cores and
               | 32G of memory?
               | 
               | Employees could push back regardless, but lack the power
               | because the BATNA is being left with zero income in the
               | face of huge economic rent. If housing rent were much
               | less of your income, then your necessary burn rate would
               | be much lower and you'd have more bargaining power.
               | 
               | And yeah for highly paid tech roles, a pragmatic solution
               | is to alternate between pouring yourself into a job full
               | time, and taking off periods of funemployment (or
               | possibly a grassroots startup, etc). But we should
               | recognize that's only possible due to our outsized
               | compensation, and can't really define the economy writ
               | large.
        
           | refurb wrote:
           | Nope.
           | 
           | Consumers knew burning gasoline and diesel created pollution
           | 60 years ago.
           | 
           | They could have push for clean alternatives but didnt.
           | 
           | Don't give them a pass.
        
             | isoskeles wrote:
             | A pass on what? Are we going to punish them?
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | Some did. The green parties go a long way back.
        
             | Tijdreiziger wrote:
             | So did the oil companies, and they still continued lobbying
             | against environmental regulations and in favor of fossil
             | fuels. So why are you giving them a pass?
        
         | laumars wrote:
         | Ah the old "don't hate the player hate the game" argument.
         | 
         | It's quite possible to hate both. Yes we as a populous need to
         | do our part too but the oil companies aren't providing us with
         | their services out of generosity. They've been actively
         | campaigning against change. Which is literally what this
         | submission is trying highlight.
        
         | gaze wrote:
         | Just responding to demand by hiring lobbyists yup sure.
        
       | csours wrote:
       | I know HN just puts the title from the article, but I'd love it
       | if we could add an OPINION when it's an opinion article.
        
       | specialist wrote:
       | 'Carbon Footprints' [2004] smells like Frank Luntz. So I quickly
       | scanned OC. Nope. Ogilvy & Mather, a different repeat offender.
       | 
       | Amusingly, sensing an opportunity in the fast growing climate
       | crisis FUD services market, in 2008 they launched OgilvyEarth.
       | 
       | https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=OgilvyEarth
       | 
       | Never let a good crisis go to waste.
        
       | LatteLazy wrote:
       | We've known aboht climate change for 40 years.
       | 
       | We've all individually and collectively chosen to ignore the
       | problem.
       | 
       | Now is the point where we lie and pretend no one told us and it
       | was all somehow a conspiracy by big oil, big meat, big airline-
       | travel etc to force us to emit when we didnt want to.
       | 
       | Count me out.
        
         | sharemywin wrote:
         | If I benefited just as much as the CEOs where's my 5th empty
         | mansion on the beach?
        
       | bsanr2 wrote:
       | "Identity theft", likewise, is an attempt to put the onus - and
       | blame - on consumers for the failure of corporations to protect
       | personal information and combat fraud.
       | 
       | We should be generally wary of corporate "Do your part!"
       | campaigns.
        
       | rdiddly wrote:
       | Of course larger-scale changes are larger. One problem is that
       | when you argue for a large-scale change, people generally expect
       | you to be not-a-hypocrite on the small personal level. Small-
       | scale actions give authority to large-scale ideas/arguments.
        
       | someguy321 wrote:
       | The Guardian coined the headline "Big oil coined 'carbon
       | footprints' to blame us for their greed" to blame big oil for our
       | collective greed.
        
         | anaerobicover wrote:
         | Easy snark on the headline contribute nothing positive to this
         | site. Explain what fault you find in the Guardian premise and I
         | will listen. For e.g., the sister comment
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28315019 perhaps share
         | your view?
        
           | paulgb wrote:
           | I upvoted the snark because I think in this case it's
           | warranted. I see this article as part of a broader messaging
           | shift to pin the blame for global warming on the N companies
           | that pollute the most, which I don't think is productive.
           | 
           | As an example of how absurd it gets, someone in my local
           | nextdoor group posted something along the lines of "why
           | should I reduce how much I drive when X% of emissions come
           | from N companies". Those companies are polluting _so that_
           | you can drive!
        
             | anaerobicover wrote:
             | This your comment has some well reasons, and I thank you
             | despite that I disagree. It contribute to the exchange of
             | ideas. The top comment does not so, this is my objection.
        
               | someguy321 wrote:
               | I figure that my above comment is pithy more than it's
               | snarky, especially considering that many repliers
               | understood its intent accurately.
               | 
               | People disagree on where the blame lies regarding
               | consumption vs production, and it's difficult to know
               | what is posturing and what is not.
        
             | JulianMorrison wrote:
             | Those companies are polluting because they are allowed to.
             | Only a society level response can rein them in.
             | 
             | And then the individuals will change what they do, based on
             | what is still available.
        
               | paulgb wrote:
               | Sure, a carbon tax would do essentially that, and I am
               | supportive of it.
               | 
               | But absent a carbon tax, the idea that I can morally just
               | consume willy-nilly and blame "corporations" is crazy.
               | It's a form of moral laundering. Exxon isn't spewing CO2
               | for the heck of it, they're doing so as part of a
               | production process that eventually some consumer demands.
               | That consumer should not be let off the hook so easily.
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | Exactly. If consumers stopped driving, how much retail auto
             | gasoline would big oil produce? If people stopped buying
             | airline tickets, how many airline flights would fly?
             | 
             | I can't buy Big Macs and then blame McDonalds for farming
             | the cattle.
        
         | relax88 wrote:
         | Thank you.
         | 
         | I recently had a conversation with someone about Canadian
         | Federal climate policies and I found it very interesting that
         | they seemed to think consumers should bear no sacrifice to
         | solve the climate issue.
         | 
         | The two most popular parties have plans aiming to reduce
         | emissions. The Liberal party has implemented a progressive and
         | revenue neutral carbon tax, and the Conservatives have a
         | regulatory approach that sees consumers receiving a monthly
         | refund into a special savings account when they buy things like
         | fuel so that they need not bear as much of the increased costs
         | of petroleum products due to the regulatory approach.
         | 
         | The latter policy really emphasizes to me that that there are a
         | large number of people who do not want to change their
         | behaviour in any way, and would much rather have a corporate
         | scapegoat to point at.
         | 
         | It's as if they think that the oil industry just mines and
         | drills for fun or something.
        
           | AnimalMuppet wrote:
           | I think this may be Is vs. Ought.
           | 
           | Realistically and politically, people will not bear any
           | significant sacrifice to solve CO2 emissions. They just
           | won't. They won't do it.
           | 
           | You can say that they _ought to_ as much as you please. You
           | can say that they _need to_. But they still won 't. You
           | aren't going to scold them into being different. You aren't
           | going to lecture them into being different. And you aren't
           | going to use politics to _force_ them to be different,
           | because they vote, and all the politicians know they vote.
           | 
           | For us to get anywhere on CO2, the non-CO2 path has to be
           | _better_ and /or _less expensive_. That 's it. In the real
           | world, with the humans that we have, anything else isn't
           | going to get any traction.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | Like Democrat and Republican politicians, corporation and
           | consumers blame each other not because they are enemies, but
           | to avoid criticism of the game they pay together. Recycling
           | (and ignoring Reduce and Reuse) is the perfect example of
           | deploying a fake solution to avoid having to fix the real
           | problems.
        
             | me_me_me wrote:
             | Well unlike you sir, I am using paper straws so I am saving
             | the world!
             | 
             | Only if people stopped using plastic straws we would reduce
             | the plastic in the ocean by 0.2%
        
           | dleslie wrote:
           | > The latter policy really emphasizes to me that that there
           | are a large number of people who do not want to change their
           | behaviour in any way, and would much rather have a corporate
           | scapegoat to point at.
           | 
           | I find this to be a fairly common perspective, when talking
           | to Canadians online; and there's some data to support that it
           | is[0][1].
           | 
           | The truth is that individuals are _hugely_ influential on
           | carbon emissions, and changes to individual consumption,
           | commuting, and so forth are necessary if we're to tackle
           | climate change meaningfully. The Covid lockdowns made the
           | impact of individuals irrefutably clear.[2][3][4]
           | 
           | 0: https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/election-poll-climate-
           | chang...
           | 
           | 1: https://globalnews.ca/news/8139537/canada-climate-change-
           | eco...
           | 
           | 2: https://pcc.uw.edu/blog/research/how-did-covid-19-affect-
           | our...
           | 
           | 3: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-020-0797-x
           | 
           | 4: https://earth.stanford.edu/news/covid-lockdown-causes-
           | record...
        
             | relax88 wrote:
             | I find it interesting that both your reply and mine are
             | being downvoted without explanation as if it's a
             | controversial idea that consumers are culpable.
             | 
             | And yet there are no replies making a logical argument
             | about why this perspective is wrong?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | dleslie wrote:
               | It's an unpopular proposition to state that there exists
               | a collective responsibility to make individual
               | adaptations to combat climate change.
               | 
               | I also argued that the lockdown was good for combating
               | climate change, and there are many people who are
               | desperate to leave their bedroom communities, hop in
               | their car, and commute to the downtown office.
        
               | filoeleven wrote:
               | > there exists a collective responsibility to make
               | individual adaptations to combat climate change.
               | 
               | Individual adaptations do not matter unless they are
               | undertaken collectively. My personal lifestyle changes
               | don't impact the state of CO2 emissions in any
               | significant way. Leading by example AND talking about it
               | has more impact, but still negligible unless/until enough
               | people do it.
               | 
               | Changing incentives, by making production account for the
               | climate change externality, will shift more people into
               | changing their lifestyle based on price alone. It's the
               | same reasoning behind targeting drug dealers and cartels
               | more heavily than end-users.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | relax88 wrote:
               | I think we all agree that incentives are the single most
               | important factor.
               | 
               | That isn't an argument against consumers being culpable
               | though. We are all culpable.
               | 
               | Lifestyle choices do matter a lot. Do you buy the tiny
               | condo in a walkable area and put your money into public
               | transit? Or do you live on an acreage and drive a lifted
               | Dodge Ram? How do your behaviours shape the culture of
               | those around you? How will your children choose to live?
               | 
               | In a society where most people are overweight, heart
               | disease and cancer are the biggest killers, our cities
               | are designed around cars, and human social connection and
               | community are fading, being replaced by superficial
               | social media interaction, it matters very much how we
               | personally choose to live. Our way of life tends to rub
               | off on those who are close to us, and our children. A way
               | of life that prioritizes human health, community,
               | political cooperation, and respect for the environment
               | over mindless consumerism is incredibly important to our
               | long term prosperity.
        
               | dleslie wrote:
               | > My personal lifestyle changes don't impact the state of
               | CO2 emissions in any significant way.
               | 
               | Collective action requires personal changes. You, and
               | everyone else, must alter your personal lifestyle. You
               | are only a little bit responsible for the harm, but in
               | aggregate, the collective you are enormously responsible.
               | Each individual must change.
               | 
               | > It's the same reasoning behind targeting drug dealers
               | and cartels more heavily than end-users.
               | 
               | I don't like the drug dealer analogy because it implies
               | that targeting drug dealers has been reasonably effective
               | in combating drug use. It hasn't.
               | 
               | To combat substance abuse the users must be targeted; to
               | combat climate change, the consumers must be targeted.
        
               | filoeleven wrote:
               | I think we are talking past each other a bit. I guess it
               | boils down to the question "where does the incentive to
               | make widespread personal changes come from?"
               | 
               | Perhaps the CFC problem is a better analogy. CFCs cause
               | problems with the ozone layer, so CFCs were mandated to
               | be removed from products that people bought like ACs and
               | hairspray. In that instance, the supply chain was fixed,
               | so the option to buy CFC hairspray was removed.
               | 
               | I think the same fix applies here. Renewable energy,
               | ending single-use plastic packaging, etc. are all things
               | that should be done in order to decrease negative
               | effects. That's not to say people don't have to or
               | shouldn't also make our own personal changes, only that
               | the impact of changing the supply chain is much greater.
               | 
               | [edit: rogue apostrophe]
        
               | dleslie wrote:
               | I'm old enough to remember when CFC and non-CFC
               | hairsprays were both available, and recall the public
               | discussion over whether you should buy one or the other.
               | 
               | Regardless, even though the edict eventually came from on
               | high to stop using CFCs, it was the individual use of
               | them that was ultimately responsible for harm. Punishing
               | oil companies won't make a lick of difference if it
               | doesn't result in changes to our collective, individual
               | behaviour. Like how we stopped using CFC-laiden
               | hairsprays, we're going to have to stop commuting by car,
               | ICE or EV, and stop buying products from overseas, and
               | stop flying.
               | 
               | There is no technological panacea that will allow us to
               | continue to live our lives as we do now.
        
             | Tronno wrote:
             | I don't understand why you would cite Covid lockdowns (a
             | centrally-coordinated government policy) as evidence of
             | individual impact. Is this not an argument against your own
             | point?
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | It's (partially) centrally coordinated, but it's
               | individual behaviors that change, not "corporations
               | making factories and ships magically better while
               | consumers don't feel a change", which is the average
               | (sl)activist's proposed solution.
        
       | ManBlanket wrote:
       | "Personal virtue is an eternally seductive goal in progressive
       | movements"
       | 
       | You don't say... Almost sounds like planting a sign in your yard
       | enumerating the various reasons you're a good person is the brand
       | of activism advocated by regressive causes. Doesn't matter if you
       | do anything to advocate those causes, so long as you pretend to
       | care. Broadcasting it to your other privileged friends and
       | neighbors. That way you can continue business as usual while
       | thriving on the status-quo, but rest assured you're on a pedestal
       | above everyone who didn't plant a sign next to their stoop
       | proclaiming activism. Printed free of regulation in SE Asia,
       | wrapped in plastic, shipped across the ocean, and delivered to
       | your front door. Now if only there were a way to wear it on your
       | face...
        
       | djanogo wrote:
       | Isn't Big oil coining "carbon footprint" similar to Big tech
       | coining "FSD"/"Autonomous Driving"?, doing what they need to do
       | to support their investments?
        
       | i1856511 wrote:
       | This article is right. Individual liability for climate change is
       | a con. The absolute best thing you can do as an individual for
       | the climate is to never have existed in the first place. This
       | sets your climate footprint to 0. However, even in this case,
       | this does not change the trajectory of climate change at all. The
       | hypothetical best is not good enough. So, individual liability is
       | much ado about nothing.
        
       | dougmwne wrote:
       | There is a heck of a lot of this that goes on within the energy
       | and environment community where I have been involved for a
       | decade. Tragedy of the Commons basically means that individual
       | responsibility is a complete dead-end to solve any kind of shared
       | resource issue. We've known this formally within economics for
       | 200 years. Government, law and enforcement is the only solution,
       | whether we're talking a city park or the entire planet's
       | atmosphere. You should know that any time you are getting shamed
       | or guilted into doing something like recycling, reducing energy
       | consumption, cutting up plastic soda rings, instead of there
       | being a law, some monied interest put a lot of effort into
       | shifting the perception of responsibility away from themselves
       | and onto someone else.
       | 
       | I am a staunch environmentalist and I full out reject any effort
       | to make any of this somehow my personal fault and that I should
       | guiltily stop having children, stop traveling, stop eating, stop
       | driving or anything else. We are either all in this together,
       | collectively solving the problem through our collectively
       | determined governments or we're not.
       | 
       | More and more I think we are not going to solve this in a way
       | that doesn't involve a massive diminishing of planetary carrying
       | capacity. Currently we are bailing out the Titanic with a
       | thimble.
        
         | heurisko wrote:
         | > I should guiltily stop having children
         | 
         | The unintended consequence is that only the conscientious
         | people take themselves out of the gene pool, which is
         | counterproductive.
        
           | olyjohn wrote:
           | Well, their kids could still end up being assholes.
        
       | bedhead wrote:
       | I love how people who drive cars, fly on planes, use plastic, get
       | goods delivered by truck, etc etc, act like oil companies just
       | pump oil out of the ground for fun then light it on fire. The
       | mental gymnastics are impressive.
        
         | JulianMorrison wrote:
         | Big changes need government intervention. The government needs
         | to _take away the option_ to run cars, trucks, etc on gasoline,
         | and restrict flights that don 't use renewable energy (such as
         | via Hydrogen). Otherwise the individual can only do a very
         | little, and often can't afford to do that.
        
           | sharemywin wrote:
           | or at least require the cost of putting carbon back into the
           | ground to be factor price.
           | 
           | The problem is when you slow gdp it's the most marginalized
           | that are hit the hardest.
           | 
           | So, the CEO only makes 10M instead of 50M(or whatever number)
           | but what about the poor farmer that was making just enough to
           | run his tractor to get by and feed his family.
        
             | JulianMorrison wrote:
             | Carbon externality pricing is another attempt at market
             | intervention that faceplants in practise. It doesn't get
             | properly implemented, because it's politically unpopular,
             | it gets fudged with highly speculative green-washing
             | "offsets" that amount to planting a few trees and then
             | counting your forests before they're grown (the trees
             | subsequently die of neglect), and the costs get passed on
             | to the little guy.
             | 
             | The correct approach is to outright ban gasoline.
             | 
             | There are cases where no alternative exists right now, such
             | as flight. Those uses should be restricted away from casual
             | use.
             | 
             | Yes, this means no flying on holiday, until they get
             | hydrogen airplanes up and running.
        
               | allemagne wrote:
               | Carbon pricing can't work because it's politically
               | unpopular so the solution is to _ban gasoline_. Come on
               | now.
        
               | JulianMorrison wrote:
               | You'd be surprised, but an all-in solution can be easier
               | to sell than a mealy mouthed half-solution.
        
           | allemagne wrote:
           | I strongly agree with you and the parent comment.
           | 
           | Yes, people who refuse to recognize the problem beyond the
           | greed of oil companies are a problem. Yes, oil companies are
           | in fact a bigger problem. However, the biggest problem is if
           | you want a government to stay in power long enough to
           | actually do anything meaningful about eliminating carbon
           | emissions, then announcing some kind of imminent intention to
           | take away gasoline-powered cars and trucks is one of the
           | worst things you can do.
        
             | boplicity wrote:
             | The smart thing isn't to take away cars, but to invest
             | heavily in high-quality alternatives, while making
             | emissions increasingly expensive. Unfortunately, this isn't
             | happening at nearly the level it should be.
        
         | toiletfuneral wrote:
         | Nobody who travels 'wants' to burn oil. Capital decided oil is
         | the most profitable way to deliver that. There was never a
         | point where individual personal consumption habits could have
         | changed this course.
        
           | 542458 wrote:
           | It's profitable because it's physically efficient - fossil
           | fuels are readily available and highly energy dense and
           | relatively safe. Nothing else offers that. This isn't some
           | sneaky capitalist plot - the soviets burned lots of fuel as
           | well.
           | 
           | I'm not defending the continued dependence on fossil fuels,
           | but let's be realistic about how (externalities aside) fossil
           | fuels are very, very good at what they do. The problem is
           | those externalities have turned out to be pretty bad, and our
           | economic systems have been slow to respond.
        
             | Dylan16807 wrote:
             | > fossil fuels are readily available and highly energy
             | dense and relatively safe. Nothing else offers that.
             | 
             | Your car or plane can't tell the difference between fossil
             | hydrocarbons and biofuel hydrocarbons. (Though you might
             | adjust a car to use ethanol instead of longer compounds.)
        
               | andi999 wrote:
               | Does it still take 1l of (subsidized) fossil fuel to
               | produce 1l of biofuel?
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | > One of the most often cited results from Sheehan et al.
               | is that the fossil energy ratio of biodiesel is equal to
               | 3.2. In other words, biodiesel yields 3.2 units of energy
               | for every unit of fossil energy consumed over its life-
               | cycle.
               | 
               | > Recently, a 5.54 fossil energy ratio (FER) was reported
               | [1] which means one unit of fossil energy input is
               | required to produce 5.54 units of biodiesel energy
               | output. This FER shows a stunning energy return of
               | biodiesel that surpasses other fuels [2].
               | 
               | Seems fine. And that's probably without even trying to
               | use all electric equipment.
        
             | majormajor wrote:
             | > The problem is those externalities have turned out to be
             | pretty bad, and our economic systems have been slow to
             | respond.
             | 
             | The problems are much more specific and blatant than that:
             | 
             | * The externalities were known to be bad by the oil
             | companies and this knowledge was suppressed.
             | 
             | * Our economic system is _incapable_ of responding because
             | there is no direct fiscal cost of the externalities that
             | would make alternatives cheaper at the point-of-purchase
             | decision point.
             | 
             | * Fossil fuels being good at what they do is _exactly why
             | external regulation is needed_ to get us out of that
             | unhealthy addiction.
        
               | 542458 wrote:
               | I entirely agree. Strong carbon taxes or other similar
               | systems are the way forward. By correcting for the true
               | cost of pollution we can allow renewables to really
               | shine.
               | 
               | I was only trying to push back against the idea that
               | we're only using fossil fuels because of capitalism.
               | We're using fossil fuels because with our initial naive
               | inspection they appear to be an excellent, bordering on
               | miraculous, resource. I'm not denying that they've turned
               | out to be very harmful and/or that people have done bad
               | things to preserve the naive interpretation.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | barbazoo wrote:
         | Well, some of us might drive electric cars, don't fly if they
         | don't absolutely have to, avoid single use plastics, shop
         | locally and in bulk, etc, etc Or at least some of us do some of
         | those things. We don't all have to live perfectly carbon
         | neutral lives _before_ we can demand action on a political
         | level or criticize organizations that are actively trying to
         | keep the status quo for as long as possible to maximize their
         | profits.
        
       | boplicity wrote:
       | The climate crisis is too big to solve as an individual. Even if
       | a million of us immediately stopped driving cars, and lived in a
       | carbon-neutral commune _nothing_ would change, in terms of the
       | overall climate picture.
       | 
       | The only way to solve this is to build _new_ infrastructure that
       | removes the need for carbon emissions, _while_ also stopping oil
       | extraction at an increasingly rapid pace. Anything else is a
       | distraction, and that includes asking people to  "help" by
       | driving less.
       | 
       | If you want people to make good choices, those good choices need
       | to be made possible, effective, and meaningful. This is what our
       | politicians have been avoiding.
       | 
       | Here in Toronto, our local federal MP once posted on Twitter that
       | he fights climate change by shopping at a local produce market.
       | Not only was this absolutely not stopping climate change in any
       | meaningful way at all, it reflects the absolute inability of the
       | vast majority of politicians to communicate that they understand
       | the severity of the situation, much less do anything meaningful
       | about it.
        
       | qeternity wrote:
       | Genuine question to all the anti "Big Oil" commenters here:
       | what's your alternative?
       | 
       | Let's imagine an alternate history where oil companies hadn't
       | fought against climate change science. What does that alternate
       | universe look like?
       | 
       | We have known for years that climate change is real, and yet the
       | vast majority of people simply won't actually change their
       | consumption when push comes to shove. This is the largest, most
       | serious, tragedy of the commons that we will likely ever face.
       | This problem is so much more complicated than just blaming a few
       | evil CEOs.
        
         | plorg wrote:
         | * Oil, at minimum, gets much more expensive, more quickly. *
         | Renewable energy develops more quickly because see the first
         | bullet point * Nuclear doesn't die
        
           | qeternity wrote:
           | 100% agree.
           | 
           | But this does not go over well with the masses.
        
         | germinalphrase wrote:
         | Perhaps we would already apply environmental legislation to CO2
         | as a pollutant such that carbon intensive industries and
         | products would be more expensive and low carbon
         | products/industry more competitive giving consumers more
         | choice.
        
           | j_walter wrote:
           | Who do you mean by "we"...because some countries don't give a
           | shit about the impact they are having on the world and still
           | pollute the air and water worse than EU and US countries 50
           | years ago (China, India, etc).
        
             | germinalphrase wrote:
             | Under the current circumstances, sure they do. But just
             | like skipping landlines for cellphones, if the incentives
             | were such that developing countries could leapfrog over
             | dirty industry without a development penalty (which could
             | be possible had we taken a different path the last 50+
             | years) - they very well might.
        
             | drdeca wrote:
             | China has a lower CO2 per capita emissions than the US.
             | 
             | Of course, the environment doesn't care about who has the
             | most per capita emissions, just "cares" about the total
             | emissions, but in terms of measuring efficiency of "how
             | much CO2 needed to support the lifestyle of each person" it
             | seems they currently have a better rate. Like, if you
             | replaced a random subset of China with the population of
             | the US, with another copy of the US, the total emissions
             | would [edit:on average] be increased.
             | 
             | Therefore, I think in order to get them to decrease their
             | rate (which is important to do due to their large
             | population/ their large total emissions), it may be useful
             | to lower our own rate in order to have a convincing
             | position.
        
               | j_walter wrote:
               | The US has been trending down per capita for the last 50
               | years...but the problem is we have more people so the
               | total output is higher. China's trend, as another poster
               | said, is always going higher.
               | 
               | https://datacommons.org/place/country/USA?topic=Environme
               | nt https://datacommons.org/place/country/CHN?topic=Enviro
               | nment
        
               | qeternity wrote:
               | I'm not even sure what this comment is about. The
               | important bit right now is trajectory. China is
               | definitely not trending lower. They have added huge
               | amounts of coal generation in the past year, and their
               | carbon market is broken by design (to keep emissions
               | cheap).
        
               | vixen99 wrote:
               | So if we reduce still further (the UK and the US have
               | made significant cuts) you think China will think again
               | about the 43 new coal-fired power stations now in the
               | design stage? I'm not so sure. While paying lip service
               | to the Green agenda, my guess is that perhaps the Chinese
               | don't really believe that the world is headed for
               | armageddon. They are of course happy to see ideas like
               | 'net zero' take off in the West.
               | 
               | https://time.com/6090732/china-coal-power-plants-
               | emissions/
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | Roughly diverges from Carter putting solar panels on the White
         | House and Reagan _not_ taking them off. Other countries follow
         | France in building out nuclear power as a substitute, while
         | investigating how to reduce oil consumption to avoid depending
         | on OPEC. Salter gets more wave power funding. Siemens get
         | started on wind turbines earlier. Basically we end up 10-20
         | years ahead of current. And the discussion about what to do is
         | easier because there are fewer financially motivated liars
         | involved.
         | 
         | (We can assume that state owned oil companies still captured
         | their respective governments, we're just stipulating that a
         | separation of corp and state can be achieved in the west)
         | 
         | (However, until 1990 the world remains more concerned with the
         | threat of immediate obliteration by nuclear war than the slow
         | problem of climate change.)
        
           | yyyk wrote:
           | >Roughly diverges from Carter putting solar panels on the
           | White House and Reagan not taking them off.
           | 
           | It's a well-known story, but it's based on spin* . Carter did
           | not place the solar panels due to belief in climate change.
           | What Carter and his staff did believe in was Peak Oil, and
           | that it would occur in the 1980s. Also, Carter wanted to wean
           | the US off Middle Eastern oil following the 1973 oil embargo
           | and the 1979 oil crisis.
           | 
           | Solar panels were a part of Carter's adaptation effort, but a
           | bigger part was oil shale and coal liquefaction, liquefaction
           | being so incredibly polluting (CCS wasn't even considered at
           | the time) we'd probably be looking at 5C had it been
           | commonplace.
           | 
           | The actual priorities of the Carter effort are easily
           | discoverable for anyone looking at the period:
           | 
           | https://www.nytimes.com/1979/07/17/archives/environmentalist.
           | ..
           | 
           | * To be clear, the spin does not come from OP, but from the
           | Democratic spin handler that years later told the solar
           | panels story but without the context which changes the story
           | entirely. It's easy for people to fall into the spin if they
           | don't know the period.
        
           | qeternity wrote:
           | I'm not sure how any of this would radically change where we
           | are today (not saying it wouldn't be better, just urging some
           | basic PCA here).
           | 
           | Solar was only possibly due to massively unprofitable
           | investment by the Chinese state and cheap labor. Wind costs
           | haven't decreased nearly as much as solar and still suffer
           | from the same problems they did decades ago. Battery
           | technology has been driven by the consumer electronics
           | revolution, which couldn't have been otherwise sped up.
           | 
           | Long story short: I'm not sure that even in a perfect world,
           | that we would be all that different. Fossil fuels were still
           | the cheapest source of energy for many, many decades in a
           | rapid growing global economy. 20 years ahead is certainly a
           | stretch. 10 years would be high case, 5 years base case...in
           | a perfect world.
        
             | yyyk wrote:
             | Improving energy supply methods would have been tough
             | without future knowledge. Reducing energy consumption was
             | however much more doable.
             | 
             | For example, the West switched quickly from Incandescent
             | bulbs to CFLs to LEDs in the 2010s. But CFLs was arguably
             | doable in the late 1970s, definitely in the 1990s. We could
             | have had a far earlier CFL transition, saving decades of
             | incandescent bulbs.
        
               | qeternity wrote:
               | > Reducing energy consumption was however much more
               | doable.
               | 
               | This I agree with 100% but is generally not something
               | people have been keen to do. They want to drive more, air
               | condition more, eat more animal protein, fly to more
               | places, etc. The last 80 years of prosperity have been
               | driven by increased consumption. And nobody seems keen to
               | be the generation of "less is more".
        
           | fallingknife wrote:
           | > Other countries follow France in building out nuclear power
           | as a substitute
           | 
           | The problem is there is a ton of overlap between people who
           | are really concerned about global warming, and people who
           | have an irrational fear of nuclear power.
        
         | deeviant wrote:
         | > What does that alternate universe look like?
         | 
         | Have all the billions of subsidies flow into renewables,
         | battery and electric car tech, instead of oil? Today it's
         | slowly catching up, but we'd be decades ahead if we started
         | decades ago.
         | 
         | Nobody is saying it all the fault of "evil CEOs", but it fair
         | to point out evil CEOs and in general evil deeds by
         | corporations.
        
           | qeternity wrote:
           | When people talk about "subsidies" to oil, what they really
           | mean is lower retail taxes for gasoline at the pump.
           | 
           | This isn't for the benefit of oil companies, it's to placate
           | voters, who want to pay less at the pump.
           | 
           | It's not as if the US government is running around dropping
           | truck loads of cash into insanely profitable businesses.
           | 
           | And no, if gasoline had higher taxes, that would not be
           | absorbed by the oil companies. It would be passed on to the
           | consumer just like every increase in oil prices is. Gasoline
           | has a very flat demand curve.
        
         | martin-adams wrote:
         | I think it is like the car industry. The push to electric
         | vehicles has forced companies to adapt, reskill and do the R&D
         | because they know their business will be going away in 10+
         | years.
         | 
         | I would like to think that heavy R&D into renewable energies
         | would have been the priority of "Big Oil", not the alternative.
        
         | slingnow wrote:
         | I find it infuriating that your perfectly reasonable
         | question/comment is so heavily downvoted, and yet it's followed
         | up my many thoughtful and interesting responses. Boggles the
         | mind.
        
         | simfree wrote:
         | 50+ years of manufacturers spending on R&D for internal
         | combustion engines could have been spent on improving electric
         | powertrain technology.
         | 
         | Think about how many engineer's have spent their entire lives
         | optimizing ICE powertrains, with all this tech actively harming
         | us with smog shortening our lifespans, acid rain and climate
         | change.
        
           | qeternity wrote:
           | > 50+ years of manufacturers spending on R&D for internal
           | combustion engines could have been spent on improving
           | electric powertrain technology.
           | 
           | You're missing the point. This didn't happen because it
           | wasn't economical. You're just wishing for fanciful things.
           | You might as well just wish that CO2 weren't a GHG.
           | 
           | Consumer demand forced R&D into ICE instead of electric.
        
             | b3morales wrote:
             | Consumer demand is not, realistically, an isolated
             | phenomenon, though. There's a tangled web of feedback in
             | many directions among what people want to buy, what
             | industry offers people to buy, what technologists are can
             | work on, what R&D risks industry wants to take, and
             | probably other factors. Advertising drives culture to some
             | extent and reflects culture to some extent, not just one or
             | the other.
             | 
             | The key point to figure out, I think, is so we know which
             | lever(s) is most effective to fix the problem, rather than
             | just assigning blame.
        
               | qeternity wrote:
               | Sure, but demand drivers are usually pretty isolated. For
               | commodities, like energy, this driver is price. People
               | want cheap energy. And until recently, nothing could
               | compete with dead dinos.
        
         | filoeleven wrote:
         | Those CEOs set us back by 50 years in getting people used to
         | the idea that we need to make changes in order to have
         | stability in the future. They manufactured the idea that there
         | was no problem, and therefore the greater resistance to change.
         | 
         | The alternate history looks more like CFCs and the ozone hole,
         | only slower and writ larger. The time it takes to convince most
         | people a) that there is a problem, and b) it will require big
         | changes to address is a very important factor. If the
         | scrambling towards renewables we see now happened in 1980 or
         | even 1990 instead, we'd have more runway before missing some
         | tipping points. It would be more of a behavioral adjustment
         | instead of a crisis.
         | 
         | I don't just blame the CEOs, I also blame our politicians. They
         | only respond to big donors and public pressure. Without the
         | billions backing the big lie, and with more time to alert
         | people to the problem, public pressure would have won out much
         | earlier--not that it has, yet.
        
         | daveFNbuck wrote:
         | Without dedicated lobbies paying politicians to ignore the
         | problem, Republicans could have promoted conservative solutions
         | like nuclear energy and carbon pricing.
         | 
         | Green energy could have been cost-effective decades earlier,
         | leading to wider adoption and massive investment in research.
         | We could have been building nuclear plants for the last several
         | decades instead of pretending coal was still viable.
        
           | qeternity wrote:
           | > Republicans could have promoted conservative solutions like
           | nuclear energy and carbon pricing.
           | 
           | Arguably the two most important missed opportunities, imho.
           | 
           | We would still be left with transportation because battery
           | tech advanced on the back of the consumer electronics
           | revolution, but with cheap nuclear power and a functioning
           | emissions market, we could accelerate the transition much
           | faster.
        
         | SavantIdiot wrote:
         | > This problem is so much more complicated than just blaming a
         | few evil CEOs.
         | 
         | That's a good point. I'd say it is universal greed, but the
         | vast amount of power is concentrated in the hands of a few who
         | do anything to preserve it.
         | 
         | Perhaps we need to look at others to blame...
         | 
         | The industrial revolution opened the floodgates for greed among
         | all types of CEOs/Presidents that ran faster than the law or
         | science could keep up. Although I doubt the blighted factory
         | towns in England that lived under perpetual smog darkness were
         | like "Sure, this is OK for the environment."
         | 
         | The baby boom? Everyone wanted to live in suburbs, which
         | required cars, roads, tires, gasoline, oil?
         | 
         | American's sense of entitlement? "I deserve more and I'm going
         | to take it?" Let's be honest, most americans are greedy seflish
         | bunch who think "Well, this one little thing isn't going to
         | hurt anyone this time..." x 1,000,000 instances.
         | 
         | It's probably just the fruition of Manifest Destiny: man's
         | toxic urge to conquer and oppress: only the strong survive,
         | winner take all, yadda yadda yadda. When is the last time you
         | heard a leader (with actual power!!!) say, "Hey, wouldn't it be
         | great if we were all just nice to each other?" ... And that guy
         | was nailed to a tree...
        
           | qeternity wrote:
           | > The industrial revolution opened the floodgates for greed
           | among all types of CEOs/Presidents
           | 
           | It's not that easy. There would be no failed/struggling
           | businesses otherwise. CEOs would just will their enterprises
           | into success.
           | 
           | > The baby boom? Everyone wanted to live in suburbs, which
           | required cars, roads, tires, gasoline, oil?
           | 
           | Now we're talking. Those greedy CEOs are just people. Greedy
           | people like everyone else. A handful of greedy CEOs didn't
           | force billions of people to collectively emit 1.5 trillion
           | tons of CO2.
           | 
           | Solving the problem requires giving these people an
           | alternative. This isn't some attempt at absolving whatever
           | issues people have categorically with CEOs, rather just a
           | realistic take on what needs to happen to unfuck the planet.
        
             | SavantIdiot wrote:
             | > A handful of greedy CEOs didn't force billions of people
             | to collectively emit 1.5 trillion tons of CO2.
             | 
             | Oh by golly they certainly did! They tore up public
             | transportation, forcing people to buy cars:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors_streetcar_cons
             | p...
             | 
             | The suburbs could have had public transportation, but there
             | was an active propaganda against that. Only poor people use
             | buses, manipulating people into buying big, gas-guzzling
             | cars by creating a demand for it.
             | 
             | And then there is 50 years of a few CEOs suppressing
             | evidence that this was wrecking the environment.
             | 
             | So yes, a few evil CEOs really did work to manipulate
             | people into ignoring their actions' consequences. I would
             | say, given the strength of marketing and propaganda, they
             | were indeed _forced_.
        
         | scythe wrote:
         | >Let's imagine an alternate history where oil companies hadn't
         | fought against climate change science. What does that alternate
         | universe look like?
         | 
         | It has a carbon tax. As to what else happens, _the whole point_
         | of using a carbon tax rather than some kind of targeted reforms
         | (bike lanes, vegetarianism, solar panels) is because allowing
         | different solutions to compete in the market has been shown
         | throughout history to be more effective in the majority of
         | cases than top-down economic planning. The reason a carbon tax
         | is the best solution is because _we don 't know_ exactly what
         | it does. It leaves our options open.
         | 
         | Now, granted, there are a bunch of possible problems with the
         | implementation of a carbon tax. But we rarely get to the point
         | of in-depth discussions about how to implement a carbon tax.
         | Instead, we're held up at the starting gate by pseudoscience,
         | fearmongering, and the fantasy of individual action.
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | Although I am currently optimistic about the future and think
         | we're on a good course WRT anthropogenic climate change and
         | (peak) oil production, I do remember 15 years ago when I was
         | worried.
         | 
         | The two big differences between what I wanted done and what
         | actually happened are: (1) mandatory solar systems on all new
         | buildings (unless there is a _very_ good special exceptional
         | circumstance), and (2) bike lanes automatically added to every
         | city road whenever and wherever roadworks occur, and those made
         | grade-separated when the existing roads are 3 or more car-
         | widths in each direction.
        
         | sly010 wrote:
         | My takeaway from this article is "Big Oil" should have invested
         | their billions in research on renewables, batteries, etc,
         | instead of lawyers and fighting change.
         | 
         | If you have a short-term-great, but long-term-dying business
         | (which is all business), it's really hard to make the decision
         | to invest in alternatives that - if successful - will
         | invalidate your current business. You are basically investing
         | against yourself. On the other hand if you don't do it, someone
         | else will. This is the innovators dilemma.
        
           | qeternity wrote:
           | They've generated a few trillion dollars in profit over the
           | past few decades, and now they have tens of billions at their
           | disposal to invest in R&D now that there's a market beginning
           | to demand it.
           | 
           | From an innovators dilemma perspective, if they can pivot,
           | they will have nailed the balance perfectly (granted, we may
           | have fucked the planet in the process, but that's just an
           | outcome of a demand function).
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | Hermitian909 wrote:
       | A lot of comments here seem to be focusing on the fact that
       | individuals use oil products beyond what is necessary for basic
       | life and in fact _do_ have some personal responsibility. This
       | seems to me to be missing the forest for the trees.
       | 
       | Sometimes society ends up in a situation where we need things
       | that are not sustainable, like oil or coal. Producing those
       | unsustainable products to meet the demands of society does not
       | make the producers solely responsible for any side effects. What
       | _is_ immoral is trying to artificially delay the transition to
       | more sustainable alternatives or to socialize the costs of doing
       | business.
       | 
       | Oil companies have repeatedly run well funded PR campaigns with
       | the explicit goal of discrediting arguments that more sustainable
       | energy technology was necessary despite knowing them to be false.
       | Similarly, they have lobbied hard to ensure that when the impacts
       | of oil to the environment are larger than expected, society picks
       | up the tab. This lets them be more reckless with our communal
       | environmental resources.
        
         | FrankenTan wrote:
         | I agree. Also, sometimes if there exists no demand,
         | corporations will spend a lot to _create it_ such as fashion as
         | mentioned\shown in https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-08-12/fast-
         | fashion-turning-...
         | 
         | This is probably not be true for all markets or industries, of
         | course, but I think that (and availability regarding prices) is
         | relevant to not shifting it back onto individual consumer
         | responsibility.
        
         | lhorie wrote:
         | I mean, if we're going to talk about forest and trees, consider
         | that the whole "big oil lobbies governments" thing flies right
         | in the face of the "democracy is the voice of the people"
         | argument. If people collectively don't care to fight back at a
         | legislative level against socialized costs, wouldn't that
         | logically mean they're the ones ultimately responsible for
         | their own predicament? Or more philosophically speaking, whose
         | fault is it that people living under democratic rules don't
         | challenge the efficacy of their governments? Or, perhaps more
         | importantly, why?
         | 
         | I think the problem with finger pointing is that it distracts
         | from meaningful introspection. I think there are far deeper
         | connections between oil and consumption than the "I do my part"
         | crowd seems to realize, from the economics of the logistics
         | industry, all the way down to the fundamental assumption that
         | modern growth-oriented economics and consumption are even
         | "normal" (compared to, say, how native tribes lived eons ago).
         | In other words, merely being aware of the need for
         | unsustainable resources in various cases doesn't fully detach
         | us from the reality that the system we rely on to live is
         | broken.
         | 
         | Sometimes I contemplate the "weird" trees in this forest:
         | people investing into off-grid living, or people stocking up
         | bunkers, or isolated tribes in the middle of nowhere; and I
         | wonder if thinking about regular society in terms of scalable
         | homogeneous solutions isn't in a way similar to breeding
         | cavendish bananas - highly optimized in one specific metric,
         | but susceptible to being wiped out globally by a single
         | unforeseen threat (or in our case, by one of the many potential
         | global catastrophes that scientists have been warning about)
         | 
         | If darwinism applies to civilizations, things ain't looking
         | great for the vast majority of us precisely because we're stuck
         | in a rut talking about ifs-and-buts instead of physically
         | adapting to the logical end state of the trends we see in
         | scientific data.
        
           | pas wrote:
           | There's nothing preventing us from living in a similarly 1-2%
           | growing economy but with net zero GHG emissions. Yes, free
           | resources lying around was amazing, but since then our
           | economic surplus is abso-fucking-lutely enormous.
           | 
           | We merely opt to allocate that on other things instead of
           | decarbonizing. Eg. we spend it on silly things like paving
           | half the world, giving everyone their own car, building small
           | (actually gigantic) cookie cutter houses in suburbs, building
           | new fabs every few years to get more transistors on chips,
           | cramming even more photo gadgets into phones, producing more
           | and more Netflix Prime content, etc.
           | 
           | Building a ton of wind turbines and PV farms, spending years
           | (and billions of USD) reviewing nuclear power plant permits,
           | instead of building more efficient power plants.
        
             | pempem wrote:
             | as far as I know, "we" are not paving the world. The
             | average person is not spending millions and millions on a
             | marketing plan to bring these ideas into the american and
             | then global imagination.
        
           | riversflow wrote:
           | I mostly agree with what you said here. I'm constantly
           | reminding people I know that its called the _petrochemical_
           | industry because its about far more than just fossil fuels,
           | you can 't unwind the need for advanced chemicals in modern
           | society, the population is just too big for us to
           | realistically unwind our need for e.g. the Haber-Bosch
           | process without major advances, and both the pharmaceuticals
           | industry and high tech are completely dependent on extremely
           | complicated oil-based supply chains. Many people will at this
           | juncture reply that we just need less people, but thats not
           | really an ethical solution by any modern standard.
           | 
           | >susceptible to being wiped out globally by a single
           | unforeseen threat
           | 
           | I'm actually pretty optimistic about this, I think that we
           | have enough people and growing standards of education, that
           | assuming the technological solutions are out there, we will
           | probably find them. The only threat that we aren't taking
           | seriously that would really screw us up is some sort of
           | cosmic event (I am very frustrated that with all the talks of
           | creating a more flexible grid for renewables we aren't taking
           | on the added burden of hardening against a solar storm, which
           | seems inevitable. I'm pretty sure we would be pretty screwed
           | if another Carrington Event happened today.[1])
           | 
           | >"democracy is the voice of the people" argument.
           | 
           | Serious question, is this really a point of view that people
           | have in serious circles? I don't know a single person who
           | believes that the US doesn't suffer from a burgeoning
           | plutocracy. I've been calling this the second guilded age for
           | years now, and it only seems to be getting worse. There is no
           | Teddy Roosevelt figure rising that I see. I can only hope
           | that the next generation of politicians will take reigning in
           | this monster more seriously, but I'm skeptical.
           | 
           | [1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrington_Event I feel like
           | something of this magnitude would be enough of a setback on
           | science, in many ways, that all hope might be lost of
           | escaping the terminal state we have put the earth into.
        
           | Hermitian909 wrote:
           | > consider that the whole "big oil lobbies governments" thing
           | flies right in the face of the "democracy is the voice of the
           | people" argument
           | 
           | I don't think it does. An important part of the lobbying is
           | that we know oil companies are attempting to intentionally
           | deceive politicians and the public about the negative effects
           | of their industry and the positive effects of competitors.
           | That deception is the point at play, the voice of the people
           | can be misinformed.
           | 
           | > If people collectively don't care to fight back at a
           | legislative level against socialized costs, wouldn't that
           | logically mean they're the ones ultimately responsible for
           | their own predicament?
           | 
           | This reads a lot to me like blaming the victim of a scam for
           | being scammed. I've met quite a few climate skeptics in my
           | day regurgitating oil lobbying talking points that were known
           | to be false when published. I don't blame them for not fully
           | comprehending the science behind climate change, I blame
           | those oil companies are knowingly misinforming them.
        
             | lhorie wrote:
             | Of course big oil has its share of immorality, but it's not
             | like we never knew that poisonous smoke comes out of the
             | back of our cars, right?
             | 
             | Again, going back to forests and trees, one could also say
             | the sugar industry is deceptive, or that big tech is, or
             | that big telecom is, etc. So clearly there's a pattern, and
             | companies are all run by people, who are motivated by
             | accumulation of wealth. In other words, the negative
             | factors of the system are intrinsically a part of the
             | system, because greed is, for better or for worse, built
             | into it (it's quite literally _the_ driving force for
             | capitalist economic activity).
             | 
             | What I'm saying is that it doesn't really matter whether
             | "companies lying" or "blaming the victim" is the "correct"
             | position, the crude reality is simply that dishonest things
             | happen as a direct negative side effect of a core principle
             | that we as a society agreed to adopt. Pragmatically
             | speaking, the question then becomes one of: a) what can I
             | personally do to "surgically remove" the negative side
             | effects of this core principle, b) if I can't, to what
             | extent do I "care" in the dilemma between participating in
             | a rotten system vs selfishly enjoying my life or, c) when
             | all hope is lost, how do I take cover when shit inevitably
             | hits the fan
             | 
             | It's my impression that most people have lost hope on a),
             | are in denial about b)[0] and have no clue about c).
             | 
             | [0]
             | https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/upton_sinclair_138285
        
           | hnaccount141 wrote:
           | > Or more philosophically speaking, whose fault is it that
           | people living under democratic rules don't challenge the
           | efficacy of their governments? Or, perhaps more importantly,
           | why?
           | 
           | Because, in the US at least, average people have very little
           | actual influence over government policy relative to the
           | influence enjoyed by business interests and the capital
           | class.
           | 
           | https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-
           | poli...
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | This could be asteroid that kills us
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Logic_of_Collective_Action
           | 
           | Concentrated interests (oil companies) tend to win in battles
           | against diffuse interests (individuals and their descendants
           | who are threatened by climate change.)
           | 
           | An interesting corollary is that a "majority" oppressing a
           | "minority" is not a going concern, but the opposite is. That
           | is, black vs white in the United States vs. South Africa are
           | entirely different things. (Think, 90% of the population can
           | steal everything from 10% of the population and raise it's
           | standard of living by about 10%. 10% of the population can
           | steal 10% of the standard of living from the other 90% and
           | double its own standard of living.)
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | I think there are two reasons.
           | 
           | Capitalism rests on the promise that inequality maximizes
           | economic growth and economic growth in itself will sweep all
           | other social problems including inequality away. Once there
           | is a prolonged period without (high enough) growth, the
           | promise becomes worthless. People see the inequality for what
           | it is.
           | 
           | However, since there is no growth, they are barely scraping
           | by. They have no spare resources to throw into caring about
           | the environment. So they will all do the thing that hurts
           | them the least today. Meaning they will prefer cheap and
           | destructive products and services over sustainable but
           | expensive ones. Mandating sustainability essentially forces
           | expensive products down the throat of people but since
           | inequality is high they can't afford them.
           | 
           | What truly perplexes me though is that even in Germany people
           | will keep voting for parties that basically double "dip",
           | they promise to ensure the availability of cheap
           | unsustainable products but also enact policies that make
           | inequality worse. Cheap meat and oil have basically become a
           | form of welfare to bribe the population.
        
             | pas wrote:
             | > Mandating X essentially forces expensive products down
             | the throat of people but since inequality is high they
             | can't afford them.
             | 
             | This is true for anything. For example on classic argument
             | is about consumer safety. If the state puts up barriers to
             | trade (eg. I can't sell my cheap lead painted toys and
             | maybe fake generic medicine and maybe rancid meat), then
             | things will be much more expensive.
             | 
             | Of course the slippery slope is many times just the
             | continuum fallacy in disguise.
             | 
             | In these cases the real problem is manifold, on one part
             | it's a serious lack of social solidarity and social safety
             | net, and the other component is whatever the actual other
             | part is (eg. unsafe toys that babies can swallow, health
             | concerns about food, drugs, etc.).
             | 
             | Real solutions have to address both. Eg. carbon taxes with
             | direct social dividend. (Or other variations, where the
             | raised money goes to directly address those same issues
             | that arise due to climate change.)
        
         | glogla wrote:
         | Well said.
         | 
         | I will never understand why people protect oil companies. You
         | know how in comic books there's always a villain going trying
         | to DESTROY THE WORLD and it seems unrealistic and over the top?
         | 
         | Oil companies are this villain in the real world. They are
         | doing their best to kill off humanity, for short term profit.
        
           | namanyayg wrote:
           | Big oil downvoted this.
           | 
           | Jokes aside, I really don't see the reason for downvotes. Oil
           | made our world what it is; but any company who still focuses
           | on its profits while knowing alternatives exist that are
           | better for the planet, and parallelly spending billions in
           | PR, is downright evil.
           | 
           | I'd even say it's much more evil than Facebook's or Google's
           | privacy issues that HN bashes every week.
        
             | SuoDuanDao wrote:
             | Well, I'd say it's a bit funny to call something evil when
             | a lot of people would die if it disappeared tomorrow. It's
             | very easy to criticise the costs of modern life when the
             | 'evil' is displaced onto someone else. But the truth is,
             | it's a much more morally grey area than we like to admit.
             | And it's hard to opt out of this 'system', but not
             | impossible - I'm sure the Amish would take converts, but
             | not many people want to go that route.
             | 
             | It's an appealing story to say that the O&G economy is the
             | villain and all the people participating in it are
             | innocent, but the truth is, we know how to live in bronze
             | age societies. This 'evil system' doesn't stick around
             | because it holds us prisoner, it sticks around because most
             | of us prefer the lifestyle. And a story that absolves us of
             | responsibility for participating seems like just another
             | defence mechanism the system has built up.
        
               | glogla wrote:
               | > It's an appealing story to say that the O&G economy is
               | the villain and all the people participating in it are
               | innocent, but the truth is, we know how to live in bronze
               | age societies. This 'evil system' doesn't stick around
               | because it holds us prisoner, it sticks around because
               | most of us prefer the lifestyle. And a story that
               | absolves us of responsibility for participating seems
               | like just another defence mechanism the system has built
               | up.
               | 
               | Normal people have much less choice than you imagine.
               | 
               | Even in the rich western world, only the very affluent
               | can buy electric car instead of gas one. Only the very
               | affluent can afford apartments in city centers so they
               | can walk instead of driving. Nobody can change where
               | their electricity comes from, whether is it coal or
               | renewables. Nobody can pick between grocery store that
               | gets its supply in diesel trucks and second grocery store
               | that gets its supply on electric trucks and trains
               | powered by renewable electricity. There's no "planet non-
               | destroying iphone" next to "planet destroying iphone" in
               | the shop for you to decide between.
        
           | jfengel wrote:
           | Honestly, I think most of it is culture war.
           | 
           | The people who oppose oil companies are often the same people
           | who take progressive views on a lot of other topics -- gay
           | rights, gun control, pollution, etc. And that generates an
           | almost knee-jerk opposition: anything they are for, we must
           | be against.
           | 
           | It's tribalism. If liberals are opposed to oil companies,
           | than oil companies must be good. Then they'll be provided
           | with arguments to support it, derived by think tanks and
           | distributed via dedicated media, web sites, social media,
           | etc. Those are generally pretty poor arguments, but it
           | doesn't matter: they have a thing to say, and no particular
           | interest in questioning it.
           | 
           | So the whole thing ends up being shortcut by the longstanding
           | culture war between left and right. Neither side has to do
           | any thinking; the thinking is all done for them. It just so
           | happens that the anti-oil-company side is having its thinking
           | done by scientists, while the pro-oil-company side has its
           | thinking done by professional propagandists, political
           | strategists, and the occasional hand on the wheel from full-
           | time troll farms.
        
             | betterunix2 wrote:
             | "the longstanding culture war between left and right"
             | 
             | ...by which you must mean the "culture war" that only the
             | right wing seems to know or care about. It is not really
             | "between" the left and right as much as it is a right-wing
             | concept that people on the left almost universally roll
             | their eyes at (or fall into the trap of actually responding
             | to right-wing agitation).
             | 
             | "Neither side has to do any thinking"
             | 
             | Except that, as you point out, one side is responding to
             | scientific results indicating a serious and growing
             | problem, while the other is not. One side is thinking, or
             | at worst dependent on a group of people who at least try to
             | push their personal biases out of the way when they are
             | thinking. The other side reflexively calls all of it some
             | combination of "socialist," "hoax," or "government
             | takeover," without even acknowledging the existence of a
             | problem.
             | 
             | Yes, I know the downvotes are coming for this, but the fact
             | is that the Republican party has stopped even trying. You
             | can be pro-oil-company and also be pro-reducing-carbon-
             | emissions. Where are the Republican proposals to develop
             | industrial-scale carbon capture to offset all those
             | tailpipe and smokestack emissions? Carbon capture could
             | have been an entirely new industry for oil companies to
             | expand into, growing their businesses while reducing net
             | carbon emissions. Instead Republicans lined up behind
             | someone who declared climate change to be a Chinese hoax
             | and stopped even suggesting alternatives to the Democrats'
             | proposed solutions.
        
               | jfengel wrote:
               | I'm infected with that same consolation-seeking attitude
               | that so many left-centrists show: "Always admit your own
               | side's weaknesses."
               | 
               | So I can't avoid acknowledging that I do see a certain
               | amount of culture-warrioring on the left, and a lot of
               | people arriving at the right answer for the wrong
               | reasons. I do that even though the things you point out
               | are undeniable and obvious. The Republican party has
               | stopped trying. They know perfectly well that even their
               | nominal "centrists" are always going to side with their
               | lunatic fringe, even as I can't control the impulse to
               | limit my own (and earning their ire in the process).
               | 
               | I'm completely aware that almost every post I make with
               | even the slightest hint of progressivism is going to be
               | downvoted. (I'm stunned that my above post is currently
               | sitting at +3, though I've little doubt it will be down
               | below zero by morning.)
               | 
               | And yet... I grew up talking at a time when we were
               | entitled to differences of opinion but not differences of
               | fact. And I just can't seem to shake the way that pushed
               | me to seek accommodations, to trust that the truth was
               | the best way to argue and seek a compromise we could all
               | live with. It's been a very long time since I've believed
               | that -- over a decade. But the habits are hard to break.
        
           | LeifCarrotson wrote:
           | The unmoral corporate and legal pressures and incentive
           | structures they're in dictate that they do their best to earn
           | short term profits. They are unconcerned whether their
           | actions kill off humanity eventually, that's simply not a
           | factor they're capable of caring about.
        
             | UncleMeat wrote:
             | Then we must destroy the very idea of a corporation. If it
             | is truly impossible for a corporation to avoid
             | _fundamentally damaging human civilization_ in search of
             | the almighty dollar, then we need to prevent those
             | incentives from existing in the first place.
        
               | betterunix2 wrote:
               | There is a better solution: the government reins in
               | corporations that are creating a problem for the world.
               | Once upon a time that was a non-controversial idea.
        
           | papandada wrote:
           | There is a market for the products they supply at the price
           | they offer, there is a demand for return on investment they
           | provide in a global financial system (and just try to
           | disconnect from that).
           | 
           | I hate that companies are ruining the environment, I hate
           | that companies are killing people with unsafe products, I
           | hate that companies are mistreating workers, I hate that
           | countries have bullied their way over indigenous peoples to
           | "own" the country I live it, I hate that companies profit off
           | of promoting things that destroy humanity as we used to know
           | it.
           | 
           | But I don't see there being a clear line between who is
           | "good" and who is "bad". My own answer, which I expect will
           | please very few, is that we do our best in the small sphere
           | of influence we have to be loving toward all, and beg God to
           | save us.
        
           | slingnow wrote:
           | I see more and more of these types of comments that just go
           | so far out there as to be absurd, and I'm glad they're
           | downvoted.
           | 
           | You have a long way to go to prove that this vague, evil
           | entity called an "oil company" has a will of it's own, and
           | that will is to destroy the world. My guess is that the will
           | of this entity is to make money, and an unfortunate side-
           | effect is that it damages the earths ecosystem.
           | 
           | But then I'm not prone to ridiculous hyperbole.
        
             | imtringued wrote:
             | This type of "evil genius" is quite successful at
             | brainwashing people though.
        
         | troyvit wrote:
         | That's totally true, but it's also true that if we reined in
         | consumption, altered our habits and focused on reusing more
         | then we are doing two things. First, we're taking ownership for
         | our responsibility in this whole mess (acknowledging that there
         | are trees in this forest), and second we're hurting oil
         | companies where it counts. If we don't consume they can't
         | supply.
         | 
         | If we wait for our governments to hold them to account we're
         | not going to get anywhere.
        
           | nicoburns wrote:
           | If we pushed up the cost of that consumption I'd be willing
           | to bet we'd see it magically reduce.
        
           | jkubicek wrote:
           | I don't think focusing on individual responsibility will
           | work. In order to make a meaningful difference we need to
           | make sure that
           | 
           | a) everyone knows what the issues are and what changes need
           | to be made b) everyone is willing to make the sacrifices
           | necessary
           | 
           | If we've learned anything from (the entire history of the
           | human race) it's that people who know and care will shoulder
           | the burden of making changes while those who don't will
           | benefit from it all.
           | 
           | If we want to make a dent in our fossil fuel consumption, we
           | need meaningful action at the national and global scale by
           | major political powers. Taxes, regulation, criminal
           | consequences are the only way to move the needle.
           | 
           | edit: dougmwne said it better than I did:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28317665
        
             | SuoDuanDao wrote:
             | That may be true, but refusing to make meaningful
             | sacrifices before everyone else does is awful PR. Even if
             | the only meaningful thing anyone can do is change public
             | opinion, leading by example is still the most effective way
             | of doing so.
             | 
             | I really think the DeFi movement is the only group making
             | any headway there, because reducing consumption is billed
             | as a means to further one's own self-interest there.
        
         | nipponese wrote:
         | I don't think it's pessimistic to say that as the "green"
         | economy expands we are starting to see those same well-funded
         | parties buying PR to selling snake oil or spreading fud. Energy
         | is pretty hard to the average person to understand and
         | energy+politics is almost impossible without some
         | interest/background in foreign policy.
         | 
         | https://www.kochind.com/stewardship/environmental-performanc...
        
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