[HN Gopher] Welcoming our first riders in San Francisco
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Welcoming our first riders in San Francisco
        
       Author : EvgeniyZh
       Score  : 512 points
       Date   : 2021-08-24 16:11 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.waymo.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.waymo.com)
        
       | exikyut wrote:
       | Maybe I'm just out of the loop on corporate presentation overload
       | (I don't watch TV at all, and it's mildly jarring watching
       | advertisments and whatnot), but this video feels so... formula-
       | driven and lacking in depth and _interestingness_ that would give
       | me the room to explore the concept and form /own my own view
       | about the service's safety, efficiency and relevance... that it
       | just feels boring. I love tech and self-driving, but the way this
       | is presented, I'm completely turned off the idea.
       | 
       | And then there's the fact that there's a shot of a driver in the
       | front seat shown for like 400 milliseconds. What's up with that?
       | Why is a token driver required to be in the front seat? I thought
       | the foundation of the service was automated self-driving that
       | obviates that...? If for whatever reason it _is_ required,
       | alright, then own up to it and properly integrate it into the
       | video so it doesn 't feel so awkward.
       | 
       | Overall this presentation feels like it's hiding something,
       | simply because it's so poorly put together.
        
       | dilippkumar wrote:
       | > We can't wait to hear from more San Franciscans as they
       | experience the Waymo Driver themselves. Beginning later today,
       | San Franciscans can sign up for the Trusted Tester program and
       | help us shape the future of mobility in this city. Just download
       | the Waymo One app to get involved.
       | 
       | Anyone else got this to work? I only see a message that says "It
       | looks like you're not in our service area..."
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | mostdataisnice wrote:
         | Delete the Waymo One app and reinstalling worked for me when I
         | saw this bug.
        
         | lifekaizen wrote:
         | I was able to complete the signup process: requires a gmail
         | account, email link to a qualtrics survey which asks things
         | like name, age, where you live (if SF proper, neighborhood?).
         | (I do live in SF and gave it location access)
        
         | zachberger wrote:
         | "beginning later today"
        
         | jjulius wrote:
         | Perhaps they really do mean, "Beginning later today" and it
         | will be available for your area later today?
        
           | dilippkumar wrote:
           | I skimmed past that detail. Thanks!
        
       | dougmwne wrote:
       | Given the number of people here saying self-driving cars require
       | AGI (a.k.a. sand that thinks a.k.a. fairy magic), I would say we
       | have definitely hit the bottom of the trough of disillusionment.
       | But since Waymo is launching in a second city, this is perhaps
       | the very start of the slope of enlightenment.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | >start of the slope of enlightenment
         | 
         | that would be more like staircase of enlightenment. or up the
         | down escalator to enlightenment
        
       | plussed_reader wrote:
       | Does Waymo plan to chisel it's drivers like Uber and Lyft did
       | with Prop22?
        
       | nemonemo wrote:
       | I can think of a few milestones in the future for AVs:
       | * the first accident between two fully automated AVs.       * the
       | first such accident within AVs from the leading company.       *
       | the first fatality in fully automated AVs       * when uber or
       | lyft or any similar company starts to use AVs more than human
       | drivers in a metropolitan.       * when a city gets half the
       | driving hours in AVs.       * when human drivers no longer get
       | insurance coverage by a major insurance company.
       | 
       | I wish the order in reverse.
        
       | gfodor wrote:
       | Kind of interesting to consider how this adjusts priors on these
       | outcomes:
       | 
       | - Self driving is not possible
       | 
       | - Self driving is not possible anytime soon
       | 
       | - Self driving is possible, but requires LIDAR
       | 
       | - Self driving is possible, and can be done with normal cameras
       | 
       | I've engaged with a lot of people who presume self-driving
       | reduces onto AGI, therefore it will not be achieved anytime soon
       | if ever. I wonder which of their assumptions is wrong, if this
       | ends up being successful.
        
         | laichzeit0 wrote:
         | > - Self driving is not possible anytime soon
         | 
         | Define "soon". For me it means 50 years. That's an
         | infinitesimally small amount of time. If we can have level 5
         | autonomy in 50 years I will say that progress was rapid and we
         | really excelled.
        
           | gfodor wrote:
           | I'd put 50 years in the "not anytime soon" camp. 50 years is
           | an eternity nowadays with regards to tech.
        
             | laichzeit0 wrote:
             | To put it in perspective, 50 years is still less time than
             | from now until when the transistor was invented.
        
               | JohnWhigham wrote:
               | Yup. This whole era from WW2 onwards (the 3rd/4th
               | Industrial Revolution?) will be looked at as covering
               | 1950 to probably the mid 21st century hundreds of years
               | from now.
        
         | aaroninsf wrote:
         | I am in the AGI camp, but have wondered and still wonder,
         | 
         | Why are efforts not focused primarily on interstate/highway
         | travel, specifically, collaboration with DoT for
         | mesh/distributed/coordinated long-term travel?
         | 
         | I don't need a self-driving taxi. I would pay 20K for a car
         | which participated in a federally-regulated framework which let
         | me let go of the wheel when I get on a highway and let teh
         | emergent cloud determine how best to move my car and all the
         | others on dedicated/reserved lanes in coordinated "trains" for
         | hours.
         | 
         | The wins here seem like no-brainers. Sidestep all
         | jurisdictional nonsense; optimize commerce and personal travel;
         | automatically handle emergency vehicles and other unusual
         | conditions; etc ad infinitum.
         | 
         | All my car needs to be able to do other than existing lower-
         | tier self-driving/driver assist basics, is join the borg.
         | 
         | Coordination for traffic flow management seems like an
         | unbelievable win.
         | 
         | But no, all we seem to be getting is cyclist-terminating taxis
         | which cost $250K each and are, IMO, doomed in target-rich
         | environments like SF to not forseeably adequately the last 8%
         | of anomalous novel cases.
         | 
         | Just don't get it.
        
           | martinald wrote:
           | I agree. I think the problem has been the ride hailing
           | companies shifting all the attention to being self driving
           | taxis.
           | 
           | For 95% of people I think the value is in letting them do
           | other stuff while driving long distances/times instead of
           | stuck behind the wheel. This seems many orders of magnitude
           | easier than trying to tackle inner city driving.
        
           | ggreer wrote:
           | If you just want a car that drives itself on freeways, get a
           | Tesla. Probably 80% of my car's 15,000 miles have been on
           | autopilot. It automatically changes lanes to pass and
           | automatically gets out of the passing lane afterwards. It
           | takes offramps and interchanges. It automatically brakes for
           | obstacles. It aborts lane changes if someone else gets in the
           | way. It even works in rain and light snow.
           | 
           | Other car companies are a few years behind, but even
           | something as simple as adaptive cruise control + lane
           | centering is a huge help on freeways.
        
             | im3w1l wrote:
             | It has killed people letting it self drive on the freeways.
             | It was a while ago and maybe it has gotten better since,
             | but I don't think taking your eyes of the road is
             | advisable.
        
               | ggreer wrote:
               | The latest update has eye tracking and warns you if you
               | take your eyes off the road for more than a second or
               | two.
               | 
               | Nobody is saying that self-driving cars are perfectly
               | safe. Considering how many Teslas are on the road and how
               | many miles are driven on autopilot, it would be
               | surprising if there _weren 't_ any deaths. As long as
               | it's safer than unaided human drivers (which it is), it's
               | a net win.
        
           | peddling-brink wrote:
           | Highways and big cities first. I predict non-self driving
           | cars will be made illegal in areas like Manhattan, NYC.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | GM Super Cruise already allows you to take your hands off the
           | wheel while driving on many freeways.
           | 
           | https://www.motortrend.com/reviews/cadillac-super-cruise-
           | is-...
        
         | beaconstudios wrote:
         | The big concern is that driving as a human skill is reactive
         | and adaptive, whereas ML (and software in general) models are
         | pre-baked. If something happens outside the car's model, it
         | will react unpredictably, and strange circumstances can arise
         | while driving. AGI, as based on human cognition, would have the
         | capability to adapt to as-yet-unseen circumstances.
        
           | XorNot wrote:
           | I would suggest visiting r/idiotsincars sometime. Humans are
           | _terrible_ at reacting to situation outside of their
           | experience, and essentially do random things all the time.
           | 
           | If an AI system's default response is "come to a stop safely"
           | then it's going to be way ahead of a lot of human "unexpected
           | situation" handling in cars.
        
             | beaconstudios wrote:
             | There are many situations where "come to a stop safely" is
             | the worst possible thing you could do.
             | 
             | Yes, people are bad at driving, because they don't pay
             | attention, panic, make mistakes etc. But ML models tend to
             | freak out at slight variations on mundane circumstances; a
             | cyclist crossing the road at just the right angle and the
             | wrong colour of bike, that sort of thing. The thing self
             | driving cars need to avoid is killing people in broad
             | daylight for no discernable reason, and that seems like the
             | kind of thing that you'd need a mind for. It's the same
             | issue as with adversarial image manipulation to fool image
             | recognition; if changing 3 pixels can turn a frog into a
             | toaster, you aren't really "seeing" the frog at all in a
             | symbolic way, and not seeing a road symbolically seems like
             | a recipe for disaster.
        
               | ketzo wrote:
               | > The thing self driving cars need to avoid is killing
               | people in broad daylight for no discernable reason
               | 
               | This, I think, is the thing that people miss when they
               | say "self-driving cars don't need to be perfect, they
               | just need to be better than human-drivers, who aren't
               | actually all that great".
               | 
               | From a public confidence perspective, it doesn't matter
               | if a self-driving car crashes one tenth, one one-
               | hundredth as often as human drivers; as soon as you see a
               | self-driving car kill someone in a situation that a human
               | driver _obviously_ would have avoided (like in the
               | adversarial image kind of scenario), you 've totally
               | destroyed any and all confidence in this car's driving
               | ability, because "I would never, ever have crashed
               | there."
        
         | akiselev wrote:
         | You forgot a fifth one: Self driving is possible but follows
         | the 80/20 rule that states that the last 20% of work requires
         | 80% of the effort. We probably haven't even started on that 20%
        
           | gfodor wrote:
           | That's the "not possible anytime soon" answer, which is
           | probably the most common choice.
        
         | judge2020 wrote:
         | Self driving was never impossible, just infeasible with tech at
         | the time. Surely it'll be standard in a few decades, despite
         | that being quite far into the future.
        
         | MattGaiser wrote:
         | I assume that they just don't solve the really wacky edge cases
         | which might require AGI.
         | 
         | Many people assume that a self driving car must be 100%
         | successful. To me it is sufficient to beat the top 20%/bottom
         | 80% of drivers.
         | 
         | So the car will crash if a seagull flies in front of the camera
         | and there is a deer just beyond it. The human would probably
         | crash too.
        
           | dzdt wrote:
           | I think self driving can work with AGI to match a horse. It
           | doesn't need to understand with a depth and clarity of a
           | human.
           | 
           | That is still a pretty high ask for current software.
        
           | boplicity wrote:
           | > To me it is sufficient to beat the top 20% of drivers.
           | 
           | Computerized safety systems can, should, and are raising the
           | bar, in terms of safety for the top 20% of drivers. "Self-
           | Driving Cars" aren't competing in a static environment,
           | similar tools are raising the safety bar that they have to
           | compete against. This means it will get increasingly
           | difficult to beat non-self-driving vehicles.
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | Don't let silly little empirics around traffic fatalities
             | in recent decades get in the way of a good narrative like
             | this one!
        
             | MattGaiser wrote:
             | Shouldn't this rapidly lead to a convergence between self
             | driving cars and human cars though? I assume a lot of the
             | technology is similar.
        
             | threatofrain wrote:
             | > similar tools are raising the safety bar
             | 
             | And what is the story on driving becoming safer?
        
           | _rpd wrote:
           | > To me it is sufficient to beat the top 20% of drivers.
           | 
           | It's interesting that you set the threshold there (I presume
           | you meant 'beat the bottom 80% of drivers'). Rationally, we
           | should be happy if their driving performance is above
           | average. I fear that the public (and the courts and the
           | insurers, etc) will require airline levels of per-mile safety
           | and still be wary.
        
             | MattGaiser wrote:
             | I would be fine with beating average but as soon as this
             | thing kills someone, I want there to be a significant
             | difference in accident rate so it does not end up in
             | regulatory hell.
        
               | nlh wrote:
               | I think from a statistical standpoint, beating average is
               | great. But the big difference is that we have this odd
               | and fundamental requirement for justice/punishment in our
               | society that gets lost with self-driving cars.
               | 
               | If a human driver kills someone / injures someone /
               | damages property, people get satisfaction or resolution
               | when the human is punished - insurance increases, license
               | points, jail, etc.
               | 
               | But when a self-driving car - even if it's better-than-
               | average - does something wrong, there's nobody to punish
               | and no retribution to exact, so people will be left
               | feeling unsatisfied. That's why the bar is going to need
               | to be so much higher.
        
         | morpheos137 wrote:
         | Most important one you missed:
         | 
         | Given sufficient qualitative and quantitative investment self
         | driving may be technologically feasible at some point in the
         | future but not price competitive with human driving.
         | 
         | Self driving proponents seem to assume the tech is free. Just
         | keeping sub meter scale 3d street maps up to date has a massive
         | cost.
        
           | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
           | There are enough people in the developed world who are
           | physically unable to drive or use public transportation in
           | their area and who also don't want to be homebound that the
           | economics could still work out even if they were the only
           | market, which they aren't.
           | 
           | > _Just keeping sub meter scale 3d street maps up to date has
           | a massive cost._
           | 
           | True, but probably not actually necessary.
        
             | morpheos137 wrote:
             | You seem to assume there is unmet demand that you can meet
             | cheaper with automation than with human drivers. I agree
             | there may be unmet demand but I don't see you get
             | automation to be cheaper than a $10 an hour cab driver. I
             | mean if automation was cheap and easy then our factories
             | would all be automated before something quixotic like a
             | car. It is frankly absurd.
        
               | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
               | > _a $10 an hour cab driver_
               | 
               | Well, for one thing, I don't want anyone in populated
               | parts of the US to live on $10 an hour, not even a cab
               | driver. What happens when we double that? Cost of living
               | goes up over time, but cost of technology goes down. When
               | do we reach the tipping point? Have we already?
        
               | morpheos137 wrote:
               | No. Look into. Supply and demand.
               | 
               | If wages go up to $20 an hour, then maybe there is
               | general inflation and robotics goes up to $200 an hour.
               | In the world today we have cheap labor and expensive
               | energy. That is why automation is not replacing humans.
               | Look into the history of the British industrial
               | revolution.
        
           | oppositelock wrote:
           | I make these kinds of maps for a living.
           | 
           | Yes, it's expensive, however, as we refine algorithms, and
           | the processing systems, it gets cheaper, especially amortized
           | over more cars, where the per-car cost becomes affordable.
           | 
           | ML doesn't work well enough for offline maps generation
           | either, and all the high quality maps require human editors
           | for final touch.
           | 
           | All this work is currently done because realtime perception
           | doesn't work well enough, and you can have a much more
           | reliable system with the aid of the maps. Having a 3D base
           | map of the world makes the realtime perception problem far
           | simpler, and it makes fancy sensors less critical.
           | 
           | In the US, where the cost of labor is very expensive, self
           | driving will make sense, even if it's expensive, but
           | someplace like China or India, where a middle class person
           | can afford a driver, it probably makes less sense, though the
           | push for it in China is probably the strongest that I've seen
           | anywhere in the world.
        
             | morpheos137 wrote:
             | So you think self driving cars will be able to profitably
             | offer a 10 mile ride for $20 in suburbia of second tier
             | cities like Springfield MA? If your opinion is that cab
             | drivers make much more than $10 an hour today then I
             | suggest you look at things outside the bay area.
             | 
             | Self driving does not scale at all now. Because as you said
             | these special maps need to a lot of human labor to make and
             | the cars need a lot of sensors on top of the auto patform.
             | Labor is not even the main cost driver in person
             | transportation.
        
         | notshift wrote:
         | Waymo already "self-drives" today, it just is extremely slow at
         | making turns when the road is busy, and if there is any kind of
         | unusual obstacle on the road (such as construction cones that
         | require you to drive partially in another lane) it just stops
         | completely and has the rider wait for twenty minutes for a
         | manual operator to come and take over.
         | 
         | Those two obstacles won't be overcome until AGI. At best their
         | frequency will be brought down a bit but not by nearly enough
         | orders of magnitude.
        
           | zone411 wrote:
           | Completely disagree. This doesn't require AGI.
        
         | goldbattle wrote:
         | I think from the original DARPA challenges most researchers
         | knew that while self driving is possible or more correctly "a
         | promising direction", but its application to the realworld and
         | its robustness was a far larger barrier back then.
         | 
         | We have the advantage of retrospect when looking at these
         | claims which now may seem _more_ possible then before due to
         | our better understanding of the difficulties and technologies
         | to address them.
         | 
         | I think many people confuse their excitement for the _promise_
         | of having self driving cars and the actual technical and
         | political barriers that still need to be addressed to bring
         | this to reality (ranging from robustness, infinite number of
         | edge cases, perception, insurance, or public policies).
        
           | rurp wrote:
           | > I think many people confuse their excitement for the
           | promise of having self driving cars and the actual technical
           | and political barriers that still need to be addressed to
           | bring this to reality
           | 
           | I think most of the confusion is due to deceptive marketing.
           | Sales people like Elon Musk have been saying that the big
           | dream of true self driving is just around the corner for
           | years now, even though they were nowhere close.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | Self driving for taxis is a very different problem than for
         | personal vehicles. For the latter you can always rely on the
         | human driver to handle the last 1% or 0.1% edge cases and still
         | provide a ton of value. Taxis don't have that option, so it
         | really is perfect level 5 automation or bust. "Good enough"
         | doesn't cut it.
        
           | cyrux004 wrote:
           | Taxis do have the option. Cruise remote operators "guide"
           | taxis once every 5-10 miles during peak hours and thy expect
           | to do so after public launch
           | https://youtu.be/sliYTyRpRB8?t=212
        
         | TillE wrote:
         | Yeah it's been really odd to see the take that self-driving
         | must require strong AI. It needs to be done carefully, but it's
         | clearly a manageable engineering problem if you have good
         | sensors.
        
           | Mangalor wrote:
           | If there's a person at an intersection directing traffic, it
           | will be very hard to have the car itself communicate with
           | them as easily as a human can. Edge cases like that is where
           | AGI would be needed it seems.
        
             | im3w1l wrote:
             | People directing traffic use only a handful of signals.
        
               | jjav wrote:
               | > People directing traffic use only a handful of signals.
               | 
               | Sometimes. Other times they confusingly gesticulate or
               | just shout out things, or even give conflicting signals.
               | Humans can interpret these without much effort but it's a
               | hard AI problem.
        
               | rurp wrote:
               | I would believe that people directing traffic _usually_
               | use only a handful of signals, but it 's certainly not a
               | universal truth. This is one more case of the 80/20
               | problem that self driving tech keeps running into.
               | 
               | Sure it's probably feasible for cars to handle hand
               | signals in the happy path, but anything outside of that
               | will be disastrous. How will the car understand and
               | communicate with a person who doesn't use the standard
               | signals, aside from having some level of intelligence?
        
         | bob33212 wrote:
         | self-driving is more of a language problem than a technology
         | problem. In 2005 grad students had cars driving themselves on a
         | course. Tesla and Waymo both have cars that very drive well on
         | many roads. self-driving is here, now all that is left is for
         | people to argue about what "L5" means as the systems improve.
         | They will improve as there is a clear path to improvement.
         | 
         | I don't expect that we will ever see the day where everyone is
         | OK with self-driving cars on the roads regardless of the safety
         | statistics, because there will always be edge cases of crashes
         | and personal preferences around driving styles.
        
       | noneeeed wrote:
       | As someone who lives in Bath, an old european city with roads
       | (and other drivers) that can give experienced human drivers a
       | nervous breakdown I'm rather more interested in how they do in SF
       | than their current deployment in Phoenix.
       | 
       | From what I've heard repeatedly, SF sounds much more irregular
       | and messy than Phoenix, so it should be something of a stepping
       | stone to making them usable more widely if they can crack it.
       | 
       | I've been expecting it to happen for literally decades, but
       | always been disappointed.
        
         | notyourwork wrote:
         | 100% Phoenix is basically a big grid with a relatively flat
         | elevation. SF is quite contrary to that organization with
         | elevation changes, more dense traffic and irregular roads being
         | common.
        
         | standardUser wrote:
         | The streets of pre-pandemic San Francisco were an unmitigated
         | clusterfuck, arguably the worst in the nation at its 2019 peak.
         | I imagine it's much easier these days for an autonomous
         | vehicle.
        
           | throwawaycuriou wrote:
           | Other than reduced volume has San Francisco done something to
           | unfuck its clusters?
        
             | standardUser wrote:
             | Absolutely not.
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | > arguably the worst in the nation at its 2019 peak
           | 
           | Not even close - I've lived in the DC metro, Boston, and LA
           | and all three are certainly worse than SF, and I think that
           | is also backed up by evidence.
        
         | exdsq wrote:
         | I recently lived in Oxford where they have a few self-driving
         | car trials (notably Oxbotica) that essentially just went round
         | and round the station because of how awkward some of the
         | junctions were.
         | 
         | If we want to really test self-driving cars, introduce them to
         | Milton Keynes 'Magic Roundabout'
         | 
         | https://www.google.com/search?q=milton+keynes+magic+roundabo...
        
           | paddez wrote:
           | I'm not sure the Magic Roundabout would pose any problem for
           | any sort of automated driving. It's basically just a nested
           | roundabout- where you essentially have to give the right-of-
           | way to traffic already on the roundabout.
           | 
           | If you can navigate a roundabout, you can navigate the magic
           | roundabout - you just apply the same rules.
           | 
           | If anything, this is the sort of thing an automated system
           | would excel over humans at - where the automation won't get
           | confused by an uncommon application of a familiar ruleset.
        
           | sterlind wrote:
           | Apparently Brits hate the Magic Roundabout, but it seems so
           | shiny.. just the idea of a roundabout of roundabouts where
           | the inner flow of traffic is reversed is really pretty. I'm
           | sure it's one of those things that looks great in traffic
           | flow simulations but falls apart when panicked drivers are
           | trying to deal with each other and the unconventional traffic
           | patterns.
        
             | noneeeed wrote:
             | I don't think most people in the UK who express an opinion
             | on it have ever actually used it.
             | 
             | I used to live round the corner from the magic roundabout.
             | It's actually fine. The best analogy I have for it is
             | juggling, if I concentrate too much and overthink it I drop
             | the balls. If you over-think the magic roundabout it can
             | seem intimidating, but when you're actually there it makes
             | much more sense and you just go with the flow. You're not
             | dealing with the whole system in one go, most people just
             | take it one roundabout at a time.
             | 
             | One of the reasons it seems to work is that people take it
             | easy, everyone is paying attention to what they are doing,
             | and most people take it at a sensible speed.
        
               | mabbo wrote:
               | What I don't understand is what advantage it has over
               | just a single big roundabout. A single car may be able to
               | save a few seconds by going around in a different
               | direction, but I can't picture any actual throughput
               | advantage.
               | 
               | Needless complexity is all I see in it.
        
         | Ftuuky wrote:
         | Same with Coimbra, Portugal. Would love to see a Waymo car
         | trying to navigate those old intricate roads.
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | I wonder if Waymo can use street mirrors.
        
             | noneeeed wrote:
             | I hadn't even considered those. It would be interesting to
             | see how confused Telsa FSD got when confronted by something
             | like that.
        
           | noneeeed wrote:
           | Just checked it out on google. What a beautiful place.
           | 
           | My scepticism around SD cars in places like that and Bath is
           | not even the roads themselves, but the traffic.
           | 
           | The are quite a lot of roads around me that are quite narrow
           | and frequently drop to single lanes. I feel like any self-
           | drive system will need to develop quite an advanced theory of
           | mind to perform the weird silent negotiation that happens
           | when I'm driving a long, with three cars behind me, and come
           | face-to-face with a bus coming the other way, and somehow we
           | have to either backup en-masse, or perform the squeeze dance
           | as we edge past each other with inches to spair.
        
         | daveslash wrote:
         | Re>> _" that can give experienced human drivers a nervous
         | breakdown"_
         | 
         | A couple of years ago I took a wrong turn and got lost in the
         | Long Beach harbor - and had neither GPS nor phone. Holy Cow
         | man.... holy cow... (admittedly, low quality comment)
        
         | mosdl wrote:
         | Yeah SF is very messy configuration wise and is more "european"
         | in that way.
        
           | skohan wrote:
           | Partly due to challenges with the landscape right?
        
             | texuf wrote:
             | It's a thumb shaped peninsula seven miles across with a
             | 922' peak in the middle. Market St runs diagonally through
             | downtown separating two grid systems, the south side of
             | which is offset by about 40 degrees. Columbus St runs
             | diagonally in the opposite direction through Little Italy
             | and China Town, itself a maze of one way streets, ancient
             | buildings, triangular parks and steep hills. The whole
             | thing is cut up by trolly tracks, makeshift bike lanes, and
             | more pedestrians per square foot than most places in the
             | US. Be prepared for your two-lane road to suddenly turn
             | into a one-way street running towards you, seven way
             | intersections, pedestrian traffic that never stops, and
             | lane markers that completely disappear in the rain. On top
             | of everything, intersections are only ever labeled in one
             | corner, but never the same corner, and at least half of the
             | stop signs are behind trees that should have been trimmed
             | five years ago. Also it seems like 10% of drivers are drunk
             | or stoned, and there's a moving van blocking 60% of the
             | road everywhere, all the time.
        
       | crackercrews wrote:
       | Does anyone know what the cost of Waymo rides is?
        
       | CyberRabbi wrote:
       | Does anyone know what city official is responsible for approving
       | this?
        
       | s09dfhks wrote:
       | Interesting timing given this article which was just posted a day
       | or so ago on HN
       | 
       | https://www.autoblog.com/2021/08/22/waymo-is-99-of-the-way-t...
        
       | thkm wrote:
       | I'll know that we've achieved full self driving when it can brave
       | thru the streets of a South American city :)
        
       | mleonhard wrote:
       | Does the Waymo One app require a Google account? If Google
       | arbitrarily freezes my Google account, will I be unable to use
       | Waymo and unable to talk to any human about it?
        
       | ANDREWB0SE wrote:
       | Lol. Out of all the vehicles they could have chosen. Why the
       | Jaguar?
        
         | ryan93 wrote:
         | Probably cut a good deal since jaguar could use the marketing.
        
       | hn_go_brrrrr wrote:
       | I wonder if the cars will always have a human chaperone. Not as a
       | safety driver, but to prevent riders from trashing the car.
        
         | kspacewalk2 wrote:
         | This problem has been solved when it comes to hotel rooms, or
         | rental cars. What would be fundamentally different when it
         | comes to autonomous cars?
        
           | alex_young wrote:
           | If a human has to clean the car between rides that seems like
           | a pretty big problem
        
             | cookingrobot wrote:
             | It's also been solved (or isn't a problem) with car share
             | apps like Car2Go or Zipcar. Those cars don't get cleaned
             | between rides, but system asks how clean the car is when
             | you start a trip.
        
           | r00fus wrote:
           | It's not exactly solved - your examples are close but not
           | equivalent.
           | 
           | Hotels have many people who work there and cleaners who enter
           | the room daily (no Hendrix hotel a la Altered Carbon yet).
           | Rental cars are secured with your credit card so there's a
           | massive disincentive to trash the vehicle.
           | 
           | Perhaps pervasive recording of the vehicle interior would
           | suffice.
        
             | p1mrx wrote:
             | I think they should record passengers boarding and
             | unboarding, with motorized camera shutters that close while
             | in transit for privacy.
        
         | XorNot wrote:
         | You wouldn't achieve any scaling benefits there. But also -
         | trashing an autonomous car (aka a car full of cameras and
         | sensors, which you charged to your credit card) seems like one
         | of those self-limiting problems as the people who do it go
         | bankrupt or to jail.
        
           | hn_go_brrrrr wrote:
           | There's a neverending stream of way-too-drunk people who need
           | a taxi (or at least there were, in the beforetimes). I don't
           | see that happening.
           | 
           | Also, I don't particularly want to ride in a car with a bunch
           | of sensors and cameras monitoring my every move.
        
             | XorNot wrote:
             | A self-drive / remote piloted vehicle doesn't need a
             | functional interior. Which means the interior can be
             | basically be made fluid tight, and rapidly replaceable.
             | 
             | The current situation with taxis is that you enter before
             | confirming your identity via payment, and the problem is
             | put onto the taxi driver (an individual) when something
             | happens.
             | 
             | This is distinctly not the self-drive corporation issue:
             | you trash the car, the issue is forwarded to corporate debt
             | recovery, who then work a 9 to 5 slowly pushing the issue
             | though the relevant channels. Meanwhile, the car is
             | returned to base, maintenance rips out the absorbent
             | materials and power washes the interior.
             | 
             | Trashing it becomes a line-item cost to a very large
             | organization, not a problem which "isn't worth it" for an
             | individual operator.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | dont__panic wrote:
             | Agreed on both points. However... while _I_ don 't want to
             | ride in a car full of sensors, I think the popularity of
             | CCTV and Facebook demonstrates that a lot of other people
             | are much more OK with that. Just look at busses, trains,
             | and even gas stations -- I'd never want to have ads thrown
             | in my face the way all of those systems push them on you,
             | but a lot of people just seem to be... OK with it.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Aside from vandalizing the gas pump TV, what do you
               | suggest doing to say that I'm not okay with that? Whining
               | about it on Twitter seems equally ineffective.
        
             | lern_too_spel wrote:
             | > Also, I don't particularly want to ride in a car with a
             | bunch of sensors and cameras monitoring my every move.
             | 
             | Many (most?) taxis already have both dashcams and cabin
             | cams. This has already been normalized.
        
         | sandworm101 wrote:
         | There are plenty of rail-based transports that have no driver
         | (Vancouver's SkyTrain is the largest iirc). They seems to get
         | by without being ripped apart by passengers.
        
           | hn_go_brrrrr wrote:
           | The other passengers serve as the social discouragement in
           | that instance. Most human-driven rail transit isn't monitored
           | by rail employees.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | What about elevators? Sure it's sometimes shared, but you
             | can also ride alone.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | I'm not saying I agree it will be a big problem - but
               | graffiti, littering, urination definitely happen in
               | public lifts.
               | 
               | I imagine though that it'll just be something you can
               | report when it comes along, then it gets sent off for
               | cleaning, they pull up its recent rides, and send you a
               | different car.
        
             | godot wrote:
             | I imagine truly autonomous rides without a specialist on
             | board will have plenty of cabin cameras with clear view to
             | identify the passengers. With consequences in mind, does
             | that work in a similar way to the social discouragement of
             | other passengers?
        
         | jefftk wrote:
         | They don't in Phoenix; the article links
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdrV9wqXyH0 as an example.
         | 
         | (Disclosure: I work for Google, speaking only for myself.)
        
           | sidibe wrote:
           | It's interesting the number of comments I've seen since it
           | launched many months ago that completely ignore that this has
           | been deployed somewhere without safety drivers. However
           | unimpressive you find the geofence/HD maps/lidar etc., you'd
           | think more people would know about it
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | Yep, there are multiple even on this thread.
        
           | hn_go_brrrrr wrote:
           | Thanks! I'd love to see their data on rider behavior. AIUI,
           | they have hand-selected a group of riders into their pilot
           | program there. I suspect those people probably behave better
           | than your average taxi passengers. Either way, fascinating to
           | see.
        
             | Rebelgecko wrote:
             | I think initially they opened it up to handpicked riders
             | that were willing to sign NDAs, but now anyone can sign up
             | in the Waymo app
        
         | WalterSear wrote:
         | If you can teach a car to drive, you can teach a car to detect
         | when it's being thrashed.
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | Unless it comes with the ability to eject participants, how
           | would that help?
        
             | caskstrength wrote:
             | > Unless it comes with the ability to eject participants,
             | how would that help?
             | 
             | System locks all doors and calls police?
        
               | rhacker wrote:
               | And if it turns out the thrashing of said car was an in-
               | cabin fire? You just locked them in.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | I highly doubt police would care. People trash hotel
               | rooms all the time, and they might escort people out of
               | the hotel, but recouping any costs is a civil matter for
               | the business. And good luck breaking even via that
               | avenue.
        
             | khc wrote:
             | you automatically charge $500 to the passanger's credit
             | card, and self-drive back to the depot to be cleaned
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | The cost to clean (and repair damage) and opportunity
               | cost of not earning money in the meantime would be far
               | more than $500, and far more than how much most people
               | could afford to pay.
        
       | criloz2 wrote:
       | Self-driving is not the solution and will show its crack in the
       | future, the solution is probably a cloud service administrate by
       | the city that feed direction to the cars and rules (that reduce
       | or increment the degree of freedom of choices), do optimization
       | and sort many other things, cars probably will still need cameras
       | to take small decisions, but this can be made optional.
        
       | dexter89_kp3 wrote:
       | Kudos to the Waymo team.
       | 
       | I was a self driving skeptic 2-3 years back. Now given the
       | advances in both hardware and NNs, I do see possible solutions in
       | the next decade.
        
       | leesec wrote:
       | Wow, 12 years in and they've spent about 6 billion and achieved a
       | limited ridership Uber competitor in 2 fair weather cities. I'm
       | sure the full solution they're pursuing is right around the
       | corner though.
        
       | eachro wrote:
       | SF seems like not the best place to pilot this from a risk
       | management perspective (ex: homeless people messing with the
       | cars).
        
         | pm90 wrote:
         | It says they will have a human onboard at all times.
        
           | eachro wrote:
           | I remember this one bit from a video on self driving cars
           | back a few years ago where someone basically said that self
           | driving cars would not work well in cities because people
           | will always want to mess with the cars just because they can.
           | 
           | Consider how in the early 2000s when people would mess around
           | with AIM's smarterchild chat bot and gave it outlandish
           | scenarios just to see how it would react. I have to imagine
           | you might see something similar here with these cars but
           | you're right that having a human onboard would probably
           | curtail these interactions.
        
             | yupper32 wrote:
             | Is everyone forgetting that they have a ton of cameras,
             | sensors, lidar, etc on their cars?
             | 
             | Messing with the cars means they have a full 3D video of
             | you doing it.
        
       | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
       | I just signed up and actually skimmed the privacy policy (because
       | hey, it's Alphabet). They record video of you during the ride and
       | didn't mention anything that I caught about ever deleting it. I
       | get that they need video in case I do bad stuff in the back, but
       | it's really disappointing that they didn't bother reassuring you
       | like "we delete it after a month" or something.
       | 
       | I'm hoping I just missed that line. But I signed up anyway, so I
       | guess that says more.
        
       | gibsonf1 wrote:
       | You cannot predict the future with patterns from the past,
       | regardless of how many patterns you crunch - the world is always
       | changing. ML can just never solve FSD - conceptual understanding
       | and causality is needed to achieve human level driving
       | capability. We instantly classify things conceptually from our
       | perception, instantly understand how those things may behave, and
       | then learn the specifics of what that thing is doing to instantly
       | predict what might happen and how it is interacting with other
       | causally connected things in the environment.
       | 
       | If ML could predict the future, there would be some very rich
       | stock brokers right now.
       | 
       | Autonomous driving efforts need a major pivot to start working
       | with concepts, causality, and the integrated space time model of
       | the world we humans use.
        
         | throwawaygh wrote:
         | _> Autonomous driving efforts need a major pivot to start
         | working with concepts, causality, and the integrated space time
         | model of the world we humans use._
         | 
         | Dear god, no. I don't know what you think AV companies are
         | doing past the perception layer, but they would be pivoting
         | away from controls and planning -- you know, stuff that
         | actually works outside of neurips/iclr/&c fantasy land.
        
         | fyrn- wrote:
         | I think you uave some major misconceptions about how this stuff
         | works. Most vision models output the current state of the
         | world, to be integrated with other sensor data like lidar that
         | is then used for planning. There are models that try to guess
         | things like the crossing intent of pedestrians, but even those
         | models just output a confidence of them crossing. I work for a
         | different self driving company, but this high level stuff is
         | pretty much the same everywhere.
        
           | gibsonf1 wrote:
           | Exactly, that is how that stuff works. Past patterns in the
           | Ml neural net generated from massive data and training try to
           | figure out the label of things from various sensors, and then
           | given that label, try to figure out other things that might
           | happen based on the label and event stream. These patterns
           | can recognize with a certain probability similar patterns,
           | but they have no way to cope with brand new patterns. Those
           | brand new patterns, although they may only occur 1 out of 100
           | experiences - or lets say 3 days a year when your're driving,
           | something fully novel occurs, this will kill you if you are
           | relying on FSD. Until the systems try to think like humans,
           | they simply wont.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | truthwhisperer wrote:
       | watch out for the homeless people please avoid inner sin city
        
       | ahnick wrote:
       | Are there any thought pieces on how cities can adapt roads to
       | accommodate SAE level 4 cars to facilitate rolling out a wider
       | deployment more quickly? I'm thinking of something like cities
       | could designate specific routes and lanes for L4 cars with
       | designated drop-off locations and also only allow the service to
       | be operational during clement weather conditions. It seems it
       | would be beneficial to have fully automated routes to and from
       | specific spots even today, for example an airport to a downtown
       | location, for many cities to help reduce transportation costs and
       | safety issues as compared with Uber/Lyft.
        
         | zimprop wrote:
         | > I'm thinking of something like cities could designate
         | specific routes and lanes for L4 cars with designated drop-off
         | locations
         | 
         | I always find it interesting that the further down the road of
         | self-driving we go the more it seems like its a techy version
         | of a known but morre low tech paradigm. This if taken without
         | the self driving part just sounds like a bus lane with bus
         | stops. In fact the driving of a car would be a less efficient
         | mode of transportation considering that they usually only carry
         | one person at a time.
         | 
         | I used to be very pro self-driving cars, but tthte moree I
         | explored urbanism and transportation the more it became
         | apparent that, self-driving is over optimization of an already
         | bad paradigm that is car-centric development. You could cut out
         | the middle man of needing a self driving car if you didn't live
         | far away from the things you needed or if the public transit
         | was efficient and reliable, that seems way easier than trying
         | to figure out how to make cars drive themselves!
        
           | TillE wrote:
           | The optimistic vision of self-driving vehicles is as a
           | publicly run transit system, where you have a fleet of
           | automated vehicles of varying sizes able to dynamically,
           | collectively route based on demand. A hyper efficient, fully
           | electric bus system.
           | 
           | That would be a pretty exciting development even in, eg,
           | European cities with decent public transit.
        
       | enahs-sf wrote:
       | I guess all that driving around the avenues in the middle of the
       | night paid off.
        
         | dotBen wrote:
         | Yes and the marketing copy that says "grab a bite in Sunset or
         | visit Golden Gate Park" kind of implies the Ave's will the
         | service area. I don't think it's going to be downtown and Soma,
         | yet.
        
       | matchbok wrote:
       | Great, they built a smaller, more expensive, less flexible, and
       | less useful BUS.
       | 
       | No city should be encouraging this. Every trip that this would
       | solve for is also solved for by public transit. So silly.
        
         | kevinkimball wrote:
         | If buses were a better alternative, people would take the bus.
         | Unfortunately MUNI does not seem willing or able to compete on
         | convenience
        
         | lifekaizen wrote:
         | Point to point goes where you want, when you want. Buses can be
         | better for taking more people at once, cheap to the riders (if
         | subsidized), but here in SF the service is so erratic it is
         | difficult to use for anything on a schedule, and then with
         | Covid-19 people want more space than mass transit provides
        
           | matchbok wrote:
           | Cities don't have the room for everyone to be driving a
           | single occupancy vehicle point-to-point. There just isn't
           | room.
        
         | neil_s wrote:
         | I agree with smaller and more expensive. But less flexible? How
         | is a fixed bus route that needs to run on a fixed schedule,
         | reasonably invariant to current demand, more flexible than a
         | car that can take you point-to-point on-demand?
         | 
         | I see this as the future of public transport, where you'd have
         | a combo of smaller and bigger vehicles (including self-driving
         | minibuses and buses) running autonomously, with options to pay
         | more in order to walk less, but only running where people
         | actually need them . Similar to Uber and Lyft Pool before the
         | pandemic, where you could pay less to be picked up on a main
         | street intersection instead of your front door.
        
       | tofuahdude wrote:
       | This is both incredibly exciting and a little terrifying. As a
       | pedestrian, I'm still a little weary around these cars.
        
         | boulos wrote:
         | Disclosure: I work at Waymo.
         | 
         | At least the current fleets of AVs (Waymo, Cruise, etc.) are
         | "obviously" potentially autonomous. I'm honestly more cautious
         | now as a pedestrian when I see a Tesla coming after the FSD
         | videos. I wish I could know "Is that Tesla owner using the FSD
         | mode?"...
        
           | judge2020 wrote:
           | > I wish I could know "Is that Tesla owner using the FSD
           | mode?"...
           | 
           | I wish I could know a lot more about the car and the driver
           | in it too, such as if the car has pedestrian airbags[0] or if
           | the driver is having a heated argument with their spouse.
           | It's all risk management and ultimately the person behind the
           | wheel is responsible for the exoskeleton on wheels they
           | pilot, as the existence of cars at all is a net negative for
           | pedestrian safety.
           | 
           | 0: https://www-
           | esv.nhtsa.dot.gov/Proceedings/23/files/23ESV-000...
        
           | gfodor wrote:
           | > "obviously" potentially
           | 
           | I count three distinct hedges there :)
           | 
           | It's cool tho, congrats on the expansion!
        
             | boulos wrote:
             | I'm really bad at hedging and parenthetical remarks! (I
             | guess I should add "quotes", too!)
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | The bar to being better than human drivers is not that high. It
         | is a hard problem, but there is plenty of room to be better
         | than humans while still being dangerous to pedestrians.
        
         | nickromano wrote:
         | As a cyclist in SF, I see the Waymo vehicles every day in my
         | neighborhood. They ALWAYS see me coming and slow down or stop.
         | I've had a few close calls with regular drivers not paying
         | attention and missing stop signs so I'm looking forward to
         | Waymo deploying more vehicles.
        
         | criddell wrote:
         | Malcolm Gladwell did a podcast[1] on Waymo and their self-
         | driving cars.
         | 
         | He speculates that something very different will happen. He
         | thinks that self-driving cars that follow the laws and
         | unerringly yield to pedestrians will transfer ownership of the
         | streets from cars to pedestrians. Perhaps travel through cities
         | in self-driving cars will be tedious and slow because
         | pedestrians will jaywalk fearlessly and the cars will always
         | yield. It's an outcome I never really considered before.
         | 
         | [1]: https://www.pushkin.fm/episode/i-love-you-waymo/
        
           | yupper32 wrote:
           | This is already mostly the case in San Francisco. You always
           | have to assume someone is going to jump out from behind a
           | parked car to cross the street in SF.
        
         | mikebonnell wrote:
         | As a pedestrian, I'm terrified of all cars.
        
         | azornathogron wrote:
         | Language tangent: I have seen this a lot recently from many
         | different people, and I don't know if it's caused by typing on
         | a phone or what, but I think you mean "wary" (cautious), not
         | "weary" (tired).
        
           | tofuahdude wrote:
           | Indeed I do! I am not tired of self driving cars at all and
           | in fact look forward to more of them. Thanks for pointing
           | out.
        
       | aRandomCynic wrote:
       | It is heartwarming to see that Google is doing its part to solve
       | San Francisco's homelessness problem.
        
         | lifekaizen wrote:
         | Yes, haha. To be fair it's more of a government role and they
         | do support the government with "2.1 billion in state income
         | taxes" https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/04/15/which-bay-area-
         | compan...
        
         | reaperducer wrote:
         | When it's cheaper and easier to summon a Waymo than to find a
         | public toilet in San Francisco, expect need to find solution.
        
         | judge2020 wrote:
         | Well, yes https://blog.google/inside-google/company-
         | announcements/1-bi...
        
           | 0xy wrote:
           | Whoosh.
        
           | cyberlurker wrote:
           | That announcement was from 2019. Honest question, how can I
           | see the progress made from this investment? Did they build
           | any, some or all of these homes yet? It does sound great
           | though, I hope they did.
        
             | judge2020 wrote:
             | Skimmed, this is probably the San Jose page on it:
             | https://www.sanjoseca.gov/your-government/departments-
             | office...
        
               | cyberlurker wrote:
               | Thank you for that. Looks like no ground has been broken
               | and Google is still cutting through bureaucracy.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | This is encouraging. But it's only for "Trusted Testers".
       | 
       | Do you have to have a Google account?
        
         | Shank wrote:
         | This is a clever reuse off a little known thing Google used to
         | have called "Trusted Testers" for friends and family of Google
         | employees to test new features. However, I don't think it
         | requires a Google account. The TT program would just NDA you
         | heavily and required an invite from a Google employee.
         | 
         | This is likely to be more open, but again, requiring NDA.
        
       | espadrine wrote:
       | Waymo is currently the only SAE Level 4[0] self-driving car in
       | use, right? The wheel must not be used. Even though it is limited
       | to two cities.
       | 
       | Their technology seems an order of magnitude above the rest,
       | although factoring in its cost could make it look worse. (Can it
       | turn a profit, when including the development costs?)
       | 
       | Tesla FSD is at best SAE level 3 (can need human fallback), and
       | at worst level 2 (needs constant human monitoring).
       | 
       | [0]: https://blog.waymo.com/2020/10/revealing-our-approach-to-
       | saf...
        
         | tshaddox wrote:
         | Those SAE levels apparently don't specifically mention the
         | geographic range the vehicle can operate in [0], but at some
         | point that's pretty important. Having "full automation" on a
         | very tiny section of roads is hardly what I would call "orders
         | of magnitude above the rest."
         | 
         | [0] _edit: that 's incorrect, L4 and L5 are primarily defined
         | by differences in geography range._
        
           | ericye16 wrote:
           | The difference between SAE level 4 and 5 is explicitly
           | whether the autonomy is geographically limited or not.
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-
           | driving_car#SAE_Classific...
        
             | darkwater wrote:
             | Am I the only one seeing the change between l4 and l5
             | abysmal? Also L5 description, at least in the Wikipedia
             | article, is much more vague than the rest
        
               | espadrine wrote:
               | In terms of convenience, it can be irrelevant.
               | 
               | However, in terms of technology, level 5 is a big step
               | up.
               | 
               | Consider for instance that a level 4 system can assume
               | that the ground is purely flat (an assumption that
               | Tesla's FSD vector space makes), while a level 5 system
               | needs 3D information to navigate some vertically-diverse
               | terrain.
        
               | jsight wrote:
               | There is a full document available on the SAE website
               | with full descriptions and technical details. Its much
               | better than the common summaries.
        
             | 0-_-0 wrote:
             | Still, Level 3 can be more "advanced" than Level 4.
        
               | ra7 wrote:
               | How? Level 3 requires a driver who needs to take over
               | when alerted. Level 4 is fully driverless.
        
               | 0-_-0 wrote:
               | No. It's fully driverless _in geographically limited
               | areas_.
        
               | ra7 wrote:
               | I'm aware. It's really between "maybe works, maybe
               | doesn't everywhere (L3)" vs "works with no driver in a
               | defined area (L4)". I consider the latter as more
               | advanced as they are taking full responsibility for your
               | safety.
        
               | tshaddox wrote:
               | It depends. If I could choose one car for person use, I'd
               | take any modern adaptive cruise control + lane-keep
               | assist system over an L4 that only worked in one city
               | (even if it's a major city where I live). I'm not really
               | sure how you determine which one is "more advanced," but
               | I would consider the "level of automation" to be the
               | portion of my normal driving habits that are able to be
               | automated.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | ra7 wrote:
               | You're talking about personal driving, which is a
               | different use case than robotaxis. For that, yes, you're
               | better served with an ADAS system. It will take a while
               | for L4 systems like Waymo to trickle down to passenger
               | cars.
        
               | joshuamorton wrote:
               | Any l4 autonomous system is capable of adaptive cruise
               | control anywhere.
        
           | crznp wrote:
           | Expanding the geographic range for Waymo is straightforward:
           | do the same thing in a new place (plus new hurdles like snow,
           | but that isn't currently the limitation to growth).
           | 
           | It isn't clear how Tesla goes from "FSD" to "full
           | automation". They are working on the "draw the rest of the
           | owl" step.
        
             | tshaddox wrote:
             | At some point "doing the same thing in a new place" is not
             | going to be economically possible, unless the company is
             | somehow able to continue getting money to burn (or unless
             | they get much much better at bringing new places online).
        
         | sjcoles wrote:
         | FSD is still _technically_ level 2. In Tesla 's eyes and the
         | law's eyes you are driving and in liable for what happens.
        
           | shadowgovt wrote:
           | It's also (and this is important for Tesla owners to keep in
           | mind) not-italicized-technically level 2.
           | 
           | As in, "This system is known to degrade in ways that require
           | immediate human manual intervention under risk of serious
           | injury or death. Do not operate it without constant driver
           | supervision and preparation for takeover."
        
         | pbreit wrote:
         | Most of the commercial value is achieved at Level 4.
         | 
         | I'm curious what all the folks who claimed this was decades
         | away are thinking?
        
           | pavon wrote:
           | That things are progressing about as expected. More
           | specifically, Waymo is doing a bit better I than my general
           | expectations, Cruise is about on par, and the rest slower.
           | 
           | Waymo has been at it for a bit over 12 years now. We'll have
           | to see if Waymo's progress ramps up after San Francisco, but
           | to me this is still looking like an 80/20 problem, with the
           | added twist that each new region they expand to will have
           | it's own unique 20% to learn that adds another 80% to the
           | schedule. But that just validates Waymo's approach even more
           | in my eyes.
        
           | pvarangot wrote:
           | AFAIK no one recently claimed level 4 with a safety driver
           | was decades away, and I was working on self driving until a
           | few months ago so I was kinda "plugged" into the news. A
           | handful of serious companies have plans and funding to deploy
           | L4 taxi fleets or L4 features to consumer cars in 4/5 years.
           | 
           | There's no commercial value at L4 whatsoever if you still pay
           | a safety driver. It's usually even more expensive per hour
           | than a normal human driver and the cars don't work under
           | adverse weather conditions.
        
             | ThomasBHickey wrote:
             | When someone says 'in about 5 years' it means they have no
             | idea when.
        
             | pbreit wrote:
             | Don't have to pay safety drivers with L4.
        
           | arduinomancer wrote:
           | How is there commercial value if you still need a driver in
           | the car?
        
           | marcellus23 wrote:
           | Did anyone claim _this_ was decades away? The claim is
           | usually about when self-driving cars will actually be viable
           | for anyone to use in arbitrary areas, not when experimental
           | pilot programs are launched in individual cities.
        
           | jdavis703 wrote:
           | The program was first publicly revealed nearly 11 years ago.
           | People saying this project would take decades aren't wrong.
        
           | panick21 wrote:
           | Most commercial value is at Level 2 for quite a while.
        
             | oakfr wrote:
             | Level 2 is becoming a commodity. Its commercial value will
             | fall to zero very quickly.
        
           | jessriedel wrote:
           | I would think most commercial value comes when you eliminate
           | the human labor from driving, which is the dominant cost of
           | transporting when there is less than ~10 passengers. What
           | makes you think Level 4 is the most economically impactful
           | threshold?
        
           | afavour wrote:
           | > I'm curious what all the folks who claimed this was decades
           | away are thinking?
           | 
           | What is the "this" you're talking about here? I don't think
           | there were many skeptics out there saying that it'll be
           | decades before a taxi service will be able to launch a small,
           | manned trial in a single municipality. Given that it's manned
           | it still isn't quite at Level 4.
           | 
           | The cynicism (and I'd consider myself a mild cynic I guess)
           | was and is around the notion that the vast majority of us
           | would be sat in self-driving cars by now. That was always
           | wildly optimistic. We're making progress and that's great!
           | But there were a lot of breathless predictions years back
           | that have not come to fruition.
        
             | pbreit wrote:
             | This is the 2nd market and the other is unmanned.
        
               | joe_the_user wrote:
               | This market is manned and a serious challenge. The trial
               | is Arizona is in an extremely quiet, predictable suburb
               | as well as being small scale; unmanned but not as serious
               | a challenge.
               | 
               | Each of these is different but neither's existence by
               | itself proves unmanned in challenging locations is right
               | around the corner. It's kind of an exercise in Baysian
               | statistic, how much more likely this makes one think
               | unmanned taxis in serious location is depends on what one
               | thinks the initial probability is.
        
               | marcellus23 wrote:
               | Okay... let me know when their market is the contiguous
               | United States.
        
               | ra7 wrote:
               | That's the point of this comment chain. They don't have
               | to make it work everywhere in the contiguous United
               | States to have a useful product. The (robo)taxi market is
               | concentrated in big metro areas and that's what their
               | focus is.
        
               | bobsomers wrote:
               | Surely this is just moving the goal posts. If they can
               | launch in Chandler and in San Francisco then a huge
               | amount of the contiguous United States is on the table.
        
               | TameAntelope wrote:
               | Nope, not even close. There's a very specific reason
               | they've picked Chandler, and it's that there's relatively
               | little weather and the roads are fairly simple (among
               | many other things specific to Chandler).
               | 
               | The _vast_ majority of the contiguous United States is
               | decidedly _not_ "on the table" as of now.
               | 
               | "The contiguous United States" is still a decade (or
               | more) away. It may literally never happen.
        
               | bobsomers wrote:
               | > The vast majority of the contiguous United States is
               | decidedly not "on the table" as of now.
               | 
               | So the _vast_ majority of the US has either significantly
               | worse weather than SF, or a significantly harder ODD than
               | SF?
               | 
               | Could you elaborate on that?
        
               | TameAntelope wrote:
               | No sorry, the _vast_ majority of the US has significantly
               | worse weather and /or more complex traffic than Chandler,
               | AZ.
               | 
               | I didn't make any statements about SF traffic or weather.
        
               | pchristensen wrote:
               | I feel like San Francisco is a good progression - still
               | generally good weather, but much more crowded, more
               | traffic, more special cases, pedestrians and bikes, one-
               | way roads, topography, limited visibility due to hills
               | and no-setback buildings, construction, buses, etc. It's
               | a significant leap in urban complexity, probably greater
               | than 98% of the rest of the USA.
               | 
               | Regarding the weather, lots of people have mentioned
               | snow, but much of the Midwest, Northeast, and especially
               | the South can have sudden torrential rain. I haven't
               | researched it but I would guess that a Florida rainstorm
               | would be hard for both radar and visual guidance. I
               | predict their next city will be Orlando, in partnership
               | with Disney. Then somewhere like Boston (harder - older
               | street pattern and more snow) or Philadelphia (easier).
               | Each of those 3 would "unlock" new territory they can
               | cover. I predict that NYC will be one of the last areas
               | "unlocked".
        
               | jdavis703 wrote:
               | It generally doesn't snow in SF or Chandler. I personally
               | like snow, so I wouldn't describe that weather as
               | significantly worse. But my understanding is snow makes
               | it hard for lane keeping, and then there's all sorts of
               | edge cases like streets that aren't plowed and require
               | special driving techniques, people placing cones to
               | reserve parking spaces, etc.
        
               | jsight wrote:
               | I completely agree. I was pretty critical of them when
               | they were just a tiny slice of Arizona, but going from n
               | to n+1 is really major progress.
               | 
               | The fact that the +1 is a city as complex as SF is a
               | really good sign as well. If they can handle SF, they can
               | handle Charlotte, Atlanta, LA, and many other major
               | metros just as "easily".
               | 
               | I'm a lot more optimistic for their rollout now.
        
         | fastball wrote:
         | SAE levels are pretty garbage.
        
       | lhorie wrote:
       | I'm curious how Waymo deals with the human aspects of cab
       | hailing. With a human driver, you can say "hey looks like traffic
       | is bad between where the car currently is and the pick up spot,
       | can I meet you at X instead and save us both 10 minutes?"
       | 
       | To "good morning dear, do you think you could help me load my bag
       | in the trunk"
       | 
       | All the way up to completely degenerate scenarios like "my friend
       | was drunk and tried to take over command of the car to see if it
       | would work" or "I had to call customer support because when my
       | ride arrived to pick me up, there was a homeless guy hogging the
       | backseat and cursing at me".
       | 
       | Surely there's more to commercializing the tech than just not
       | killing pedestrians. The absence of a driver should create some
       | new weird dynamics.
       | 
       | IIRC Uber et al spend a considerable amount on customer support.
       | I wonder if Waymo can break free from Google's bad reputation on
       | that front.
        
         | kenjackson wrote:
         | There are a different problems with no-driver, not necessarily
         | worse problems. For example, some problems with drivers that
         | don't exist, or exist to a lesser extent with no-driver:
         | 
         | 1. How much should I tip?
         | 
         | 2. The driver tried to rape me.
         | 
         | 3. The driver seems drunk/high, and is driving horribly.
         | 
         | 4. The driver didn't pick me up because, pick your reason: I'm
         | black, had a bunch of kids, etc...
         | 
         | 5. My friend was drunk and tried to pick a fight with the
         | driver.
        
           | lhorie wrote:
           | Yeah, definitely goes both ways, and I can foresee many
           | anecdotes about how not having to deal w/ a driver is nicer
           | in some way or another. Hence why I said I'm curious about
           | human-factor issues. I don't believe there's precedents
           | anywhere for what to expect once the tech rolls out at scale,
           | so it's going to be interesting to see what kinds of
           | operational issues they end up running into.
        
         | thinkharderdev wrote:
         | For the first one, I'm guessing you would just change the
         | pickup location just as you tell the drive to meet you
         | somewhere else.
         | 
         | If there's no driver, then there's nobody to ask to help with
         | bags.
         | 
         | For various degenerate situations I'm not sure being driverless
         | really changes the situation all that much. A drunk passenger
         | can grab the wheel of a manned vehicle as well. With a self-
         | driving car you might even be able to avoid that situation
         | entirely by preventing the passengers from using any controls
         | without authorization. They can grab the physical steering
         | wheel but can't turn it until they punch in an authorization
         | code (which they don't have). Likewise you prevent unauthorized
         | passengers from entering the car by keeping the doors locked
         | until the authorized passenger gets there. And if someone does
         | manage to sneak in you just shut down the vehicle and call the
         | cops (just like if someone jumps in a cab without permission).
         | 
         | But humans are great at flummoxing countermeasures like that so
         | it will be an interesting thing to watch for sure.
        
           | dave5104 wrote:
           | > For the first one, I'm guessing you would just change the
           | pickup location just as you tell the drive to meet you
           | somewhere else.
           | 
           | To add on, maybe even _Waymo_ tells /asks you if you'd like
           | to change pickup locations to save X minutes off your trip.
           | 
           | Feels somewhat in line with how Google Maps will ask you if
           | you want to save X minutes by taking a new route that was
           | previously not as good as when you started using directions.
        
       | tzm wrote:
       | > All rides in the program will have an autonomous specialist on
       | board for now
       | 
       | If you drive a Tesla w/ FSD, is it chic to refer to yourself as
       | an Autonomous Specialist?
        
         | kfarr wrote:
         | Perhaps Crash Test Dummy is the preferred term?
        
           | shadilay wrote:
           | 'headless driving enthusiast'
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9BgV-YnHZeE
        
       | jeffbee wrote:
       | Last week Waymo said they are driving 100,000 miles per week in
       | San Francisco. That figure is just bonkers. SF MTA only operates
       | about 450,000 miles per week, and that was before COVID-19 shut
       | them down. When one is on the streets of San Francisco does a
       | Waymo Jaguar just drive by every couple of minutes? I honestly
       | haven't been over there in a few months.
        
         | whimsicalism wrote:
         | > When one is on the streets of San Francisco does a Waymo
         | Jaguar just drive by every couple of minutes?
         | 
         | I live on Dolores park. They drive by multiple times an hour
        
         | Teknoman117 wrote:
         | I saw a few of them when I went to visit my friend in SF a few
         | weeks ago.
        
         | loganlinn wrote:
         | The are everywhere. I'm fairly certain that I encounter them
         | more often than SFMTA.
         | 
         | My car was broken into over the weekend and I couldn't help but
         | think about whether a Waymo captured the vandalism... Not like
         | it would help, but like all mass data collection campaigns, the
         | potential implications are strange.
        
         | STRiDEX wrote:
         | I'm in glen park neighborhood of sf, it's the suburbs
         | basically. I see them anytime I walk outside, but I don't think
         | I keep track of which company I see driving by. It could be
         | waymo, cruise, etc.
        
         | domh wrote:
         | Anecdotally I've seen many more of them in Chinatown in recent
         | weeks, it's not particularly rare to see multiple Waymo Jaguars
         | at the same intersection waiting for the lights to turn green.
         | 
         | They seem to have taken over a previously public parking lot at
         | Pacific and Sansome in the city. There are often 20/30 of these
         | cars parked up there.
         | 
         | I've never seen one without a driver, but occasionally when I
         | look at the steering wheel it is turning independently and just
         | being monitored by the driver.
        
         | seehafer wrote:
         | They're all over Potrero Hill. I see at least one daily.
        
         | taylorlapeyre wrote:
         | I see them in my neighborhood at least twice a day. They don't
         | bother me, to be honest. Just like any other car.
        
           | specktr wrote:
           | They're also in my neighborhood - I generally see one every
           | time I do an errand. They tend to drive 5-10 mph under the
           | rest of traffic which can be frustrating. They also tend to
           | be slow when making lane changes and turns to the point where
           | it holds up other vehicles.
        
             | genericone wrote:
             | 5-10mph under while within the city limits, on streets
             | where things pop out at you all the time, sounds really
             | nice actually. It's one of the things that happen all the
             | time that drivers ignore the possibility of.
        
         | genericone wrote:
         | Long story short, yes, you do indeed see the white jaguar
         | crossover with the spinning lidar sensors every few minutes
         | while you are out and about. Always a different person sitting
         | in the driver seat, yes I've checked because I didn't believe
         | the number of Waymo cars at first either.
        
       | ecommerceguy wrote:
       | Waymo helps widen the gap between haves and have-nots. Lets see
       | the next test in St Louis, Detroit or Baltimore - places where
       | accessibility is orders of magnitude less than SF or PHX.
        
         | cycrutchfield wrote:
         | They don't have Uber in STL, Detroit or Baltimore?
        
           | ecommerceguy wrote:
           | Actually getting an Uber in some parts of STL is very
           | difficult. If you ever visited you'd find out first hand.
        
       | eastof wrote:
       | How do I get an invite!? Do you just have to know someone at
       | Waymo?
        
       | purple_ferret wrote:
       | elon in shambles
        
         | rpmisms wrote:
         | Waymo and Tesla have very different approaches to autonomy. I
         | think both are valid avenues, but it's fascinating to watch
         | them develop in parallel. You don't have to make it into a
         | spiteful contest.
        
           | lifekaizen wrote:
           | Definitely both valid business approaches, Tesla more
           | interesting from a startup / leverage approach. As a
           | consumer, I'm less excited about Tesla putting out beta
           | software in situations where mistakes can be deadly
           | https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/05/business/tesla-
           | autopilot-...
        
             | jsight wrote:
             | As someone who has seen and driven their "pro" pilot
             | competitor, I am not bothered by that. The non-beta
             | competitors are often worse and sometimes more dangerous
             | (sigh).
        
             | rpmisms wrote:
             | I'm fine with Tesla putting out dangerous betas, as long as
             | the betas are opt-in. Shipping beta software by default is
             | a bad thing.
        
           | purple_ferret wrote:
           | Most people in the Tesla camp (like George Hotz) believe
           | Waymo is destined to fail.
        
             | rosetremiere wrote:
             | Why is that? and what are the two approaches?
        
               | rpmisms wrote:
               | Waymo is trying to solve the areas. They're HD mapping
               | every centimeter of areas they operate in, so that they
               | can let their vision systems focus on deviations from
               | that single source of truth. It's a reasonable approach,
               | but it has some significant limitations, especially in
               | terms of infrastructure.
               | 
               | Tesla, on the other hand, is trying to make their cars
               | work anywhere. It's a larger problem space, but the end
               | goal is a far more robust product, with much lower long-
               | term infrastructure spending.
               | 
               | I personally like the robust approach, but I think both
               | approaches are long-term viable, albeit for different
               | use-cases.
        
             | rpmisms wrote:
             | I think Tesla is taking the correct approach, treating it
             | as an AGI problem, and training their system to be
             | antifragile.
             | 
             | I think Waymo will make money off of their system sooner.
        
       | Yajirobe wrote:
       | Cue the haters who said Waymo is a money dump
        
         | cobookman wrote:
         | Waymo has raised 5.5B so far. How much does it cost to add a
         | market and how long will it take to recoup those costs?
         | 
         | How much are Waymo vehicle operational costs vs rider revenue?
         | How long do Waymo vehicles last?
         | 
         | Even with this announcement, we do not know if Waymo has a
         | clear path to profitability.
        
         | pavlov wrote:
         | Expanding to new markets and being a bottomless money dump are
         | not mutually exclusive?
        
       | chrisseaton wrote:
       | Why does Waymo use a niche British luxury car for their platform?
       | Must be very expensive and what are the benefits?
        
         | ra7 wrote:
         | Electric and manufactured by the same company that does
         | upfitting for Waymo vehicles (and also a Waymo investor) -
         | Magna International.
        
         | judge2020 wrote:
         | - They likely were able to get a commercial volume purchase
         | discount
         | 
         | - if that's the car their devs are testing on, it's going to be
         | the fleet car, at least at first
         | 
         | - Alphabet has $135B cash on hand[0]
         | 
         | 0:
         | https://abc.xyz/investor/static/pdf/2021Q2_alphabet_earnings...
        
         | kjksf wrote:
         | I'm guessing they want to start with premium feel to give
         | people good first impressions. That's why their other car is
         | $60k Pacifica minivan and not $25k Honda Civic.
         | 
         | I'm also guessing that they want an electric car. At the time
         | they made a deal to purchase those cars (was quite a while ago)
         | Jaguar i-Pace was one of few premium electric cars available
         | (if you exclude Teslas, which obviously Waymo wouldn't want as
         | it's a competitor).
         | 
         | At this stage cost is not a big problem.
        
         | keewee7 wrote:
         | Is Jaguar still a niche brand?
         | 
         | Most taxis in Denmark and Germany are Mercedes-Benz so it's not
         | uncommon for the taxi industry to use luxury brands.
        
           | chrisseaton wrote:
           | Niche in that they only sell a hundred thousand or so a year,
           | yes. If Waymo are planning to seriously scale up they'll be
           | using every Jaguar they're making!
        
             | yupper32 wrote:
             | Why would they need all Jaguars to scale up?
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | Why would you want to have a hodge-podge of random
               | vehicle makes to service?
        
       | michaelbuckbee wrote:
       | I'm surprised the numbers for Phoenix are so low (10's of
       | thousands of rides). I'm not sure if that fleet is just very
       | small or my sense of how many rides/day a major metro can
       | generate.
        
         | ra7 wrote:
         | They operate in only a small area of Phoenix metro - Chandler
         | and some parts of Tempe. That's why the numbers are small.
         | 
         | My guess is Chandler is purely a testing ground for them to
         | learn to operate a robotaxi service. Things like remote
         | assistance, customer support, emergency protocols, fleet
         | maintenance etc.
        
         | judge2020 wrote:
         | The drivable area isn't huge[0] so it seems like it's not a
         | choice in many situations, especially not for commuting from a
         | further-out home.
         | 
         | 0: https://i.redd.it/4rsg9pui55531.jpg
        
       | boulos wrote:
       | Disclosure: I work at Waymo.
       | 
       | This is big news, and I encourage you to apply if you're in San
       | Francisco. For the HN crowd, I'd also recommend last week's blog
       | post [1] which includes some more technical material on "how"
       | we're driving.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://blog.waymo.com/2021/08/MostExperiencedUrbanDriver.ht...
        
       | miratom wrote:
       | One of these things almost sideswiped me the other day. I wish
       | they'd go away.
        
       | poopypoopington wrote:
       | I'll never forget I almost got murdered terminator style by a
       | Cruise while riding my bicycle around SF... hopefully they
       | figured that out.
        
         | chrisco255 wrote:
         | Don't worry, the later terminator models are much more
         | effective.
        
         | ThePadawan wrote:
         | He really does do all his own stunts.
        
         | useful wrote:
         | Yea it is terrifying, I had a reflective vertical zipper on a
         | jacket while out for a run and saw a Cruise swerve towards me
         | after it crested a small hill. I guess I looked like the new
         | lane
        
         | hadlock wrote:
         | A Cruise car nearly ran me and my baby in a stroller (a pretty
         | standard model stroller for the neighborhood, too) in the
         | crosswalk by Caltrain station. The rest of the cars have not
         | been so overzealous in running down pedestrians. I give Cruise
         | an extra wide margin of error since then.
        
         | aix1 wrote:
         | > I almost got murdered terminator style by a Cruise while
         | riding my bicycle around SF... hopefully they figured that out.
         | 
         | I had to google "Cruise". To save others a moment or two,
         | Cruise is a self-driving startup unrelated to Alphabet. In the
         | quoted sentence, "they" != "Waymo" (I wasn't sure).
        
         | mulletbum wrote:
         | That's awful. I am almost murdered daily and I live in a city
         | without self driving cars.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | I discovered a few years ago that a Cruise will stop dead if it
         | hears a horn. My bicycle happens to have an electric horn from
         | a motorcycle. This provided some occasional amusement. I wonder
         | if they still do that.
        
           | nso wrote:
           | That would not be a very efficient feature to have enabled
           | here in Mexico
        
             | ortusdux wrote:
             | Reminds me of the 'honk more wait more' video from the
             | Mumbai police dept.
             | 
             | https://twitter.com/MumbaiPolice/status/1223090017397960705
        
         | mas-ev wrote:
         | Can you elaborate more on how?
         | 
         | HN is getting to reddit's status where people make comments and
         | everyone just upvotes because it sounds good to them.
        
           | blamazon wrote:
           | People have been saying "HN is turning into Reddit" for over
           | ten years. There's a bit of an Easter egg at the bottom of
           | the HN guidelines about it:
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
             | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
             | I don't know. I've been here for nearly a decade (I switch
             | accounts every once in a while), and in the last six months
             | or so, it sure _feels_ like somethings different.
             | Specifically, I 'm noticing more joke replies that aren't
             | downvoted. Maybe I'm just getting old.
        
       | MontyCarloHall wrote:
       | "All rides in the program will have an autonomous specialist on
       | board for now"
       | 
       | This tells me that we're still a long way from full level 4 (and
       | certainly level 5) autonomy in a busy city like San Francisco.
       | The edge cases requiring immediate human attention are still too
       | frequent for the human safety driver to be remote, as is the case
       | in Phoenix.
       | 
       | Also, just a reminder that Waymo in Phoenix is nowhere close to
       | being level 5, since it is still heavily geofences and requires
       | those remote safety monitors. I still think that true level 5
       | (i.e. ability to drive autonomously everywhere with zero human
       | oversight with a safety record equivalent to the median human
       | driver) requires AGI. Would love to be proven wrong!
        
         | crackercrews wrote:
         | > I still think that true level 5 ... requires AGI.
         | 
         | In case anyone else was wondering what AGI means, its
         | Artificial General Intelligence. [1]
         | 
         | 1:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_general_intelligenc...
        
         | id wrote:
         | Is this not a legal requirement?
        
         | dagmx wrote:
         | This is legally required today. It's not necessarily a
         | reflection of Waymo. Whether their system was perfect or not,
         | it's legally required they do this till the government changes
         | their minds.
        
           | pavon wrote:
           | California DMV regulations do allow testing of autonomous
           | vehicles without a safety test driver if certain conditions
           | are met, spelled out in Title 13, Division 1, Chapter 1
           | Article 3.7 Section 227.38 [1]. The most technically
           | challenging of these is that the car must be capable of
           | operating at SAE level 4, which goes back to the OP's
           | comment. CUPC licensing for commercial passenger services
           | also allows this [2].
           | 
           | That said, I agree with others that this is the natural
           | progression of testing rollout and doesn't tell us anything
           | about the pace at which the rollout will occur, in particular
           | whether it will be faster or slower than Phoenix.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/file/adopted-regulatory-
           | text-p...
           | 
           | [2] https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/regulatory-
           | services/licensing/transp...
        
           | minsc__and__boo wrote:
           | Yeah, the commenter straight up assumes that a person is
           | present because the L4 tech doesn't work, when in reality
           | there are legal, liability, and even _user comfort_ reasons
           | to have someone on board with this new pilot.
        
         | rkagerer wrote:
         | _I still think that true level 5 ... requires AGI_
         | 
         | I agree today's AI tech is a long way off from completely
         | supplanting a human driver. I'm surprised the average consumer
         | I talk to about this seems to think we're on the cusp.
         | 
         | But as vehicles with neural nets become more prevalent I expect
         | we'll see the problem morph as it gets tackled from other
         | angles as well. e.g. Self-driving corridors with road
         | infrastructure aimed to improve AI safety (whether that be
         | additional technology, modified marking standards, etc).
         | 
         | Once upon a time street signs with speed limits, curve
         | warnings, and such didn't exist. After faster cars supplanted
         | horse-drawn carriages, highways became a thing. Eventually when
         | the only reason humans drive is for recreation (e.g. off-
         | roading) the problem from the car's perspective will look
         | somewhat different than it did during the transition.
        
         | thesausageking wrote:
         | Level 4 is where most of value is. If a system could drive in
         | all cities and highways, that's more than 90% of benefit.
        
           | pavon wrote:
           | The more I travel, the more I consider myself an SAE level 4
           | driver :)
        
           | snarf21 wrote:
           | Agreed 100%. There will be special exit/on ramps built along
           | highways and the trucks will largely just stay in their lane
           | even if slower. It would cut the number of truckers needed by
           | probably 50+%.
        
             | akira2501 wrote:
             | For depot to depot runs, sure. Most runs aren't that
             | though, and require direct delivery from manufacturer to
             | purchaser. Plenty of deliveries, for example in Chicago,
             | basically happen off a residential street. Alley docking
             | and turning around in these environments is challenging
             | even for a human.
             | 
             | Add to all this one thing and we're further than I think
             | most people realize: Weather. Show me an FSD doing better
             | than a human in the snow or we're not really anywhere yet.
        
               | mavhc wrote:
               | From 2018 https://www.engadget.com/2018-05-08-waymo-snow-
               | navigation.ht...
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | More likely driving on most highways in decent weather which
           | is a big win. I'd pay for that.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | dougmwne wrote:
         | Note sure about the AGI requirement. The current systems will
         | always need the heavy involvement of human intelligence to be
         | able to rescue stuck cars, drive in new areas or monitor for
         | changing driving conditions and update the driving model. There
         | does seem to be at least some hope these systems will be able
         | to run a true driverless taxi service with minimal geofencing.
         | On the other hand, a human can go to a new country with
         | different road markings, signage, rules, and traffic flows and
         | be able to drive safely pretty much immediately or maybe a
         | quick Google search. That would truly require AGI.
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | >"All rides in the program will have an autonomous specialist
         | on board for now" This tells me that we're still a long way
         | 
         | Did you expect something different? I can't really see a
         | boardroom writing a roadmap that goes straight from
         | test rides (no passengers) with a backup driver onboard
         | 
         | to                 actual rides with passengers - no backup
         | driver onboard
         | 
         | with no in-between steps.
        
           | dragonwriter wrote:
           | Waymo is already doing test rides with neither passengers no
           | backup drivers in CA, so they wouldn't be jumping from no
           | passengers plus safety drivers to paid passengers without
           | safety drivers if they did offered paid, full-driverless
           | rides.
        
           | oldsecondhand wrote:
           | For the computer it doesn't make much difference if there's a
           | passanger or if there isn't.
        
             | melling wrote:
             | For a company having paying customers does matter a lot.
             | 
             | Having customers paying for the R&D will help make it
             | sustainable.
        
               | ojbyrne wrote:
               | I suspect the revenue from passengers in this case looks
               | like a rounding error. But the PR and feedback from early
               | adopters is very valuable.
        
               | brunoqc wrote:
               | Yeah you can put the people with the good feedback in
               | your ads video and ignore the ones who went thru the
               | windshield.
        
           | VelkaMorava wrote:
           | I wonder where "a country road with no lanes which barely
           | fits 1.5 car in winter in the Czech republic" is on your
           | scale... Something like this, just imagine the snowdrifts
           | around it https://www.google.com/maps/@49.080269,16.4569252,3
           | a,75y,307...
        
             | sologoub wrote:
             | That's just stunningly beautiful - Czech countryside is
             | something else!
             | 
             | I'd gladly buy a self-driving car that require some
             | additional input on such a road and had additional aids to
             | spot oncoming traffic I can't see behind the tractor that's
             | a few hundred meters forward of the spot linked to. It
             | would still be safer.
             | 
             | To really make things work, we need cars to be able to
             | negotiate the way humans do on the right of way, etc. There
             | is a lot of non-verbal (and when that fails, very verbal)
             | communication while driving. Currently, cars can't
             | communicate with each other and the pedestrians, which
             | limits possibilities a lot.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | boc wrote:
             | Believe it or not there are tons of two-way roads like that
             | just 30 minutes from Silicon Valley that self-driving cars
             | could practice on. Here's an example:
             | https://goo.gl/maps/1CVb7Mpiwv1VL2sd7
        
             | willyt wrote:
             | Lots of roads like that in Britian as well and the speed
             | limit is 60mph/100kph. Not uncommon for two cars on a
             | single track road to adjust speed to pass each other at a
             | passing place without slowing down much, so at a closing
             | speed of over 100mph. Perfectly safe for human drivers who
             | know the roads.
        
               | smeyer wrote:
               | This sounds like the sort of "perfectly safe for human
               | drivers who know the roads" that actually results in a
               | fair number of road deaths.
        
               | willyt wrote:
               | If you look at the accident maps, there are almost none
               | on single track roads and lots on twin track roads. My
               | hypothesis is that driving on a single track road feels
               | much more risky so people pay more attention and slow
               | down more on blind corners. Also, it's not possible to
               | overtake and a lot of accidents are related to
               | overtaking.
        
             | LeifCarrotson wrote:
             | Autonomous driving systems are set at various levels of
             | autonomy.
             | 
             | Level 0 is no automation, level 1 is just a dumb cruise
             | control, level 2 is radar adaptive cruise control plus lane
             | keeping (which is where most production systems like Tesla
             | Autopilot and GM Supercruise are currently at). Level 2
             | still requires full human supervision, if you engaged it on
             | the road above it would either fail to engage or you'd
             | crash and it would be your fault. Level 3 is the same plus
             | an ability to handle some common driving tasks, like
             | changing lanes to pass a slower vehicle.
             | 
             | Level 4 is where it gets really interesting, because it's
             | supposed to handle everything involved in navigating from
             | Point A to Point B. It's supposed to stop itself in the
             | event of encountering something it can't handle, so you
             | could theoretically take a nap while it drove.
             | 
             | However, an important limitation is that Level 4 autonomy
             | is geofenced, it's only allowed in certain areas on certain
             | roads. Also, it can disable itself in certain conditions
             | like construction or weather that inhibit visibility. Waymo
             | vehicles like these are ostensibly level 4, if you tell
             | them to drive through a back road in the snow they'll
             | simply refuse to do so. It's only useful in reasonably good
             | conditions in a few big cities.
             | 
             | Level 5 is considered to be Point A to Point B, for any two
             | navigable points, in any conditions that the vehicle can
             | traverse. You could build a Level 5 vehicle without a
             | driver's seat, much less an alert driver. I kind of think
             | this will require something much closer to artificial
             | general intelligence; level 4 is just really difficult
             | conventional programming.
        
               | zestyping wrote:
               | It's not obvious that Level 4 falls within what one would
               | call really difficult conventional programming. That
               | level entails something like "in the event of any
               | exceptional situation, find a safe stopping location and
               | safely bring the car to a stop there," and even that
               | alone seems incredibly hard.
        
             | paganel wrote:
             | Or an ambulance going on the opposite direction (because
             | that's the only available choice) on a boulevard in a busy
             | capital city like Bucharest. Saw that a couple of hours
             | ago, the ambulance met a taxi which was going the right way
             | but of course that the taxi had to stop and find a way for
             | the ambulance to pass (by partly going on the sidewalk). I
             | said to myself that unless we get to AGI there's no way for
             | an "autonomous" car to handle that situation correctly.
        
               | njarboe wrote:
               | People at Tesla and other autonomous driving companies,
               | of course are aware and worry about such situations. If
               | you have a few hours and want to see many of the
               | technologies and methods that Tesla is using to solve
               | them, check out Tesla's recent "AI day" presentation.
               | Tesla is quite cool about openly discussing the problems
               | they have solved, problems they still have, and how they
               | are trying to solve them.
               | 
               | An incomplete list includes:
               | 
               | 1) Integrating all the camera views into one 3-D vector
               | space before training the neural network(s).
               | 
               | 2) A large in-house group (~1000 people) doing manually
               | labeling of objects _in that vector space_ , not on each
               | camera.
               | 
               | 3) Training neural networks for labeling objects.
               | 
               | 4) Finding edge cases where the autocar failed (example
               | is when it loses track of a vehicle in front of it when
               | the autocar's view is obscured by a flurry of snow
               | knocked off the roof of the car in front of it), and then
               | querying the large fleet of cars on the road to get back
               | thousands of similar situations to help training.
               | 
               | 5) Overlaying multiple views of the world from many cars
               | to get a better vector space mapping of intersections,
               | parking lots, etc
               | 
               | 6) New custom build hardware for high speed training of
               | neural nets.
               | 
               | 7) Simulations to train rarely encountered situations,
               | like you describe, or very difficult to label situations
               | (like a plaza with 100 people in it or a road in an
               | Indian city).
               | 
               | 8) Matching 3-D simulations to what the cars cameras
               | would see using many software techniques.
        
               | minwcnt5 wrote:
               | They're cool about openly discussing it because this is
               | all industry standard stuff. It's a lot of work and
               | impressive, but table stakes for being a serious player
               | in the AV space, which is why the cost of entry is in the
               | billions of dollars.
        
               | tuatoru wrote:
               | You described a lot of effort, but no results.
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | _> People at Tesla and other autonomous driving
               | companies, of course are aware and worry about such
               | situations._
               | 
               | Yeah, a Tesla couldn't possibly drive into a stationary,
               | clearly visible fire engine or concrete barrier, on a dry
               | day, in direct sunlight.
        
               | chx wrote:
               | You don't even need to go that far, the other day I saw
               | an ambulance going down on Burrard Street in Vancouver,
               | BC without lights or sirens then I guess a call came in ,
               | it put on both and turned around. It's a six lane street
               | where normal cars aren't allowed to just turn around. It
               | was handled real well by everyone involved, mind you, it
               | wasn't unsafe but I doubt a computer could've handled it
               | as well as the drivers did.
        
               | trhway wrote:
               | a very complex looking behavior sometimes comes from the
               | very simple easy to implement principles, like say a bird
               | flock behavior
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flocking_(behavior)#Rules
               | 
               | I don't believe people are using their full AGI when
               | driving (and the full "AGI" may as well happen to be a
               | set of basic pattern matching capabilities which we
               | haven't discovered yet). After decades of driving the
               | behavior is pretty automatic, and when presented with
               | complex situation following a simple rule, like just
               | brake, is frequently the best, or close to it, response.
        
               | VBprogrammer wrote:
               | To me the solution to that is obvious and far better than
               | the current status quo. The cars are all attached to a
               | network and when an emergency service vehicle needs to
               | get somewhere in a hurry there is a coordinated effort to
               | move vehicles off the required route.
               | 
               | As things stand emergency vehicles have to cope with a
               | reasonable minority of people who completely panic and
               | actually impede their progress.
        
               | zestyping wrote:
               | This has to work even if network reception is weak or
               | absent. You can't be certain that 100% of cars will
               | receive the signal and get themselves out of the way in
               | time.
        
               | lwf wrote:
               | Right, so don't use the network: broadcast a signed
               | message on a band reserved for emergency services.
        
               | tuatoru wrote:
               | > This has to work even if network reception is weak or
               | absent.
               | 
               | Or hacked maliciously.
        
             | arsome wrote:
             | From what I've seen of Tesla's solution at least - even
             | busy city centers and complex parking lots are very
             | difficulty for present day autonomous driving technologies.
             | The understanding level necessary just isn't there.
             | 
             | These things are excellent - undeniably better than humans
             | at the boring stuff, highway driving, even major roads.
             | They can rightfully claim massive mileage with high safety
             | levels in those circumstances... but throw them into
             | nastier conditions where you have to understand what
             | objects actually are and things quickly seem to fall apart.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | It's unclear to me why Tesla's solution is so discussed.
               | They are definitely not on the same playing field as
               | Waymo or even Cruise.
        
               | Larrikin wrote:
               | There's a lot of people on here who have invested in
               | Tesla
        
               | notatoad wrote:
               | also a lot of people on here who have actually
               | experienced tesla's self-driving. certainly a lot more
               | than have experienced any other self-driving product (at
               | least above a "lane-keeping" system)
        
               | mike_d wrote:
               | That is like trying to judge modern supercomputing by
               | your experinces with a 6 year old Dell desktop.
               | 
               | Waymo drove 29,944.69 miles between "disengagements" last
               | year. That is an average California driver needing to
               | touch the wheel once every 2.3 years.
               | 
               | Tesla by comparison is classed as a SAE Level 2 driver
               | assist system and isn't even required to report metrics
               | to the state. While they sell it to consumers as self-
               | driving, they tell the state it is basically fancy cruise
               | control.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Would you describe Tesla's tendency to crash full speed
               | into stopped emergency vehicles during highway driving as
               | "excellent"?
               | 
               | https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/16/business/tesla-autopilot-
               | fede...
        
               | sshine wrote:
               | While controversial, we tolerate a great deal of
               | casualties caused by human drivers without trying to
               | illegalise those.
               | 
               | While we can (and should) hold autonomous vehicle
               | developers to a much, much higher standard than we hold
               | human drivers, it is precisely because of excellence.
        
               | robterrell wrote:
               | We actually do "illegalise" casualties by human drivers.
        
               | ducttapecrown wrote:
               | I'm sure the grand poster meant banning human driving
               | entirely in order to prevent human driving casualties.
        
               | mavhc wrote:
               | That's autopilot, not FSD beta though, at this point it's
               | probably 10 generations old
        
               | zeusk wrote:
               | Ah yes, because "autopilot" is not autonomous.
        
               | mavhc wrote:
               | Well yeah, it's like other autopilots:
               | 
               | An autopilot is a system used to control the path of an
               | aircraft, marine craft or spacecraft without requiring
               | constant manual control by a human operator. Autopilots
               | do not replace human operators. Instead, the autopilot
               | assists the operator's control of the vehicle, allowing
               | the operator to focus on broader aspects of operations
               | (for example, monitoring the trajectory, weather and on-
               | board systems).
        
               | polynox wrote:
               | The failure modes are going to be very strange and the
               | technology is not strictly comparable to a human driver.
               | It is going to fail in ways that a human never would. Not
               | recognizing obstacles, misrecognizing things, sensors
               | being obscured in a way humans would recognize and fix
               | (you would never drive if you couldn't see out of your
               | eyes!).
               | 
               | It is also possible that if it develops enough it will
               | succeed in ways that a human cannot, such as extremely
               | long monotonous cross-country driving (think 8 hour
               | highway driving) punctuated by a sudden need to intervene
               | within seconds or even milliseconds. Humans are not good
               | at this but technology is. Autonomous cars don't get
               | tired or fatigued. Code doesn't get angry or make
               | otherwise arbitrary and capricious decisions. Autonomous
               | cars can react in milliseconds, whereas humans are much
               | worse.
               | 
               | There will undoubtedly be more accidents if the
               | technology is allowed to develop (and I take no position
               | on this).
        
               | zaphar wrote:
               | I would say it's better then the Human's tendency to
               | drive full speed into _anything_ while impaired by a
               | drug. Especially since the bug was fixed in Tesla 's case
               | but the bug in Human's case is probably un-fixable.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | Drugs (or alcohol)? There are so many more failure modes
               | that drugs are the least of my concerns. Especially of
               | unspecified type. I'm not the least bit worried about
               | drivers hopped up on tylenol. Humans get distracted while
               | driving, by texting, or simply boredom and start
               | daydreaming. Don't forget about driving while tired. Or
               | emotionally disturbed (divorce or a death; road rage).
               | Human vision systems are also pretty frail and have bad
               | failure modes, eg the sun is close to the horizon and the
               | driver is headed towards the sun.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Computer vision systems also have bad failure modes. The
               | camera sensors typically used today have better light
               | sensitivity but less dynamic range than the human eye.
        
             | skrtskrt wrote:
             | Now add the completely blind switchback turns, where your
             | "visibility' into whether another car is coming comes from
             | a convex mirror nailed to a tree or post at the apex of the
             | corner - if it hasn't fallen off or been knocked crooked...
             | 
             | basically all of Italy
        
             | jjoonathan wrote:
             | I'd still buy a self-driving car that refuses to drive on
             | that road.
        
               | hellbannedguy wrote:
               | In the back seat of the Waymo there's a "Pull Over"
               | emergency lever.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | You can't always "pull over."
        
             | Swizec wrote:
             | As someone who learned to drive in the city, those roads
             | make me sweat bullets.
             | 
             | My grandpa who drives on those roads primarily, sweats
             | bullets in the city.
             | 
             | Maybe you'll have different driving models to load in
             | different scenarios ...
        
               | RhysU wrote:
               | My mother thinks nothing of driving on deserted roads in
               | significant unplowed snow. She gets nervous on a dry,
               | Texas highway at rush hour.
        
               | dahfizz wrote:
               | Yeah, that seems perfectly rational. There is nothing to
               | hit on a deserted highway. Driving in traffic, on the
               | other hand, is more stressful and has worse downsides.
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | _> significant unplowed snow_
               | 
               | Spinning out on a deserted highway and hitting a snowbank
               | and getting trapped in your car kills a large number of
               | people every year. Even with smartphones, calls for help
               | can't always be responded to in time, resulting in death.
               | (Have an emergency kit in your car if you live above the
               | snow line!)
               | 
               | Driving in city traffic can be quite harrowing, but
               | hitting another car at 20-30 mph isn't usually fatal.
               | (Wear your seatbelts!)
               | 
               | The _point_ that GP post was trying to make is that
               | humans have different preferences, and what seems
               | dangerous to one doesn 't (and possibly isn't) dangerous
               | to another. Humans are also _notoriously_ bad at judging
               | danger, eg some people feel threatened by the idea of
               | wearing of papers masks.
        
             | raldi wrote:
             | The computer doesn't have to be perfect; it just has to be
             | better than a human.
        
             | robterrell wrote:
             | You can replicate that without going overseas. Send that
             | autonomous vehicle over the Golden Gate bridge, take any of
             | the next few exits, and turn right. The street I live on is
             | a paved horse path from the 1910s. No snowdrifts, but a lot
             | of aggressive drivers angrily refusing to back up, which
             | will be fun to see software deal with!
        
           | grlass wrote:
           | The book Halting State by Charlie Stross (2007) [1] had an
           | interesting self driving car model, where it was autonomous
           | on simple roads like highways/motorways, and a human driver
           | took over remotely for more complex city streets.
           | 
           | Of course the book showed some failure modes for that, but I
           | wonder if network coverage and latency, as well as "backup
           | driver response time" could be considered good enough,
           | perhaps this sort of model could have an acceptable risk
           | trade-off.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halting_State
        
           | sandworm101 wrote:
           | Middle steps: (1) Board members use product to travel to
           | board meetings. (2) Board members use product as replacement
           | for personal vehicles. (3) Board members demand pay
           | increases.
           | 
           | Back in 1999 the Chinese government announced that airline
           | execs would be airborne at the changeover as reassurance that
           | aircraft were safe from Y2K. Like or hate them, the incentive
           | logic was sound.
           | 
           | https://www.wired.com/1999/01/y2k-in-china-caught-in-midair/
           | 
           | https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/chinese-airlines-won-t-be-
           | bi...
        
             | tuatoru wrote:
             | The acid test will be (4) Board members use product on
             | their children.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | Followed by (5) board members claiming legal bills for
               | child custody disputes after caught leaving kids
               | unsupervised in the custody of a 3000lb robot.
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | In Phoenix, people are being driven without a safety
             | driver. They are doing these in between steps.
        
             | pqs wrote:
             | Skin in the game. Nassim Taleb would agree with this
             | measure!
        
             | rudyfink wrote:
             | I think of that as a parachute-rigger solution
             | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parachute_rigger).
             | 
             | Historically, people packing parachutes could be randomly
             | selected to jump with the parachute they had packed.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | It remains true in the military. Refusal to jump on a
               | chute you have packed will cause you to lose your rigger
               | qualifications.
        
             | seanmcdirmid wrote:
             | > Middle steps: (1) Board members use product to travel to
             | board meetings. (2) Board members use product as
             | replacement for personal vehicles. (3) Board members demand
             | pay increases.
             | 
             | How do you know board members aren't already using Waymo
             | product heavily? It still doesn't mean they can go straight
             | from board members using Waymo without backup drivers to
             | arbitrary customers using Waymo without backup drivers.
        
               | greesil wrote:
               | Possibly to drive between their various houses?
        
               | throwaways885 wrote:
               | > Possibly to drive between their various houses?
               | 
               | I'm guessing this is the old joke about Eric Schmidt?
        
               | stingrae wrote:
               | "I save money by using nest thermostats in my various
               | houses"
        
             | naveen99 wrote:
             | Maybe open up waymo rides to people with alphabet shares ?
             | Then the owners and customers are the same group.
             | Unfortunately multiple spouses aren't really allowed in
             | America, or you could limit ridership to spouses.
        
         | ra7 wrote:
         | > Also, just a reminder that Waymo in Phoenix is nowhere close
         | to being level 5
         | 
         | Because they are not even trying to be level 5. They've made it
         | very clear that will only ever be a level 4 company and level 5
         | is not feasible.
        
           | dheera wrote:
           | Anyone who says L5 is bullshitting honestly.
           | 
           | L4 is enough to be viable and safe, and is all that is
           | needed.
           | 
           | In fact this level crap is bullshit. It's the speak of MBAs
           | at Bain and McKinsey at who think they understand tech, not
           | engineers.
           | 
           | Real engineers don't stare at their debugging screens going
           | "check out this data, is it L3 or L4?"
           | 
           | Instead engineers look at things like safety-critical
           | interventions per kilometer, non-critical interventions per
           | kilometer, accidents per kilometer, etc.
        
             | rhacker wrote:
             | It's not an engineer's thing at all. The classifications
             | are very specific differences in the overall system. From
             | an engineer's point of view they are just creating a fully
             | autonomous car. L4 -> L5 is more about how many scenarios
             | is that fully autonomous car been tested through.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-
             | driving_car#Classificatio...
        
               | dheera wrote:
               | > L4 -> L5 is more about how many scenarios is that fully
               | autonomous car been tested through.
               | 
               | Not really. L5 is impossible, period.
               | 
               | What I think _will_ happen is L4 with 99.999% cases
               | covered and have it come to a safe stop for the 0.0001%,
               | assuming there was a way to safely stop.
               | 
               | L5 which means 100.000% covered, will not happen, but the
               | PR people will continue to use the term.
        
               | fogof wrote:
               | I think the key thing people need to realize from the SAE
               | definition [1] of the levels is that they represent
               | designs of the system rather than abilities of the
               | system. I could slap a camera on my dashboard, tell the
               | car to go when it sees green pixels in the top half of
               | its field of view and stop when it sees red pixels. Then
               | I could get out the car and turn it on, and for the 5
               | seconds it took for that car to kill a pedestrian and
               | crash into a tree, that would be level 5 self driving.
               | 
               | So when people talk about a particular company
               | "achieving" level 4 or level 5, I don't know what they
               | mean. Maybe they mean achieving it "safely" which is
               | murky, since any system can crash. Maybe they mean
               | achieving it legally on public roads, in which case, it's
               | a legal achievement (although depending on what
               | regulatory hoops they had to go through, maybe they had
               | to make technical achievements as well).
               | 
               | [1] : https://web.archive.org/web/20161120142825/http://w
               | ww.sae.or...
        
             | minsc__and__boo wrote:
             | >It's the speak of MBAs at Bain and McKinsey at who think
             | they understand tech, not engineers.
             | 
             | Really? Because the L5 claims come more out of the Ubers
             | and Teslas than the "MBAs".
        
               | dheera wrote:
               | It's usually the MBAs and PR people at those companies,
               | not the engineers, that use that term.
        
           | shadowgovt wrote:
           | Level 5 isn't feasible as much for legal reasons as technical
           | ones.
           | 
           | I don't think any company wants to sign off on the notion
           | that their software will handle all classes of problem, even
           | ones they have no data for at all.
        
             | ra7 wrote:
             | Except Tesla, who are going to be "L5 by the end of the
             | year" every year!
        
               | Bukhmanizer wrote:
               | I'm pretty sure Tesla's whole strategy is to overpromise
               | so much it's as much a legal liability to not have L5
               | than to have L5.
        
               | minsc__and__boo wrote:
               | Tesla brand sells a lifestyle at this point, not just a
               | vehicle. They have to keep pumping it.
        
             | espadrine wrote:
             | > _Level 5 isn 't feasible as much for legal reasons as
             | technical ones._
             | 
             | That point is taken into account under J3016_202104 SS 8.8:
             | 
             |  _"There are technical and practical considerations that
             | mitigate the literal meaning of the stipulation that a
             | Level 5 ADS must be capable of 'operating the vehicle on-
             | road anywhere that a typically skilled human driver can
             | reasonably operate a conventional vehicle,' which might
             | otherwise be impossible to achieve. For example, an ADS-
             | equipped vehicle that is capable of operating a vehicle on
             | all roads throughout the US, but, for legal or business
             | reasons, cannot operate the vehicle across the borders in
             | Canada or Mexico can still be considered Level 5, even if
             | geo-fenced to operate only within the U.S."_.
        
         | spoonjim wrote:
         | Beating humans doesn't require AGI. Just not drinking, texting,
         | or falling asleep will get you halfway there.
        
         | nixpulvis wrote:
         | Ah yes, the SF elite will gladly shell out fortunes to ride
         | around in a car just for the opportunity to witness the gross
         | power of AI! Not to mention it's a nice Jag. I wonder if they
         | are hiring models for the "autonomous specialist" role?
        
         | RobRivera wrote:
         | This tells me that you can show progress and draw magnifying
         | glass criticism from people.
         | 
         | can only please some of the people some of the time.
        
         | pcurve wrote:
         | I'm guessing if all cars become Waymo right now, there will
         | probably be reduction in vehicle fatality by 99%.
         | 
         | But people have hard time accepting with the notion that
         | unmanned vehicle may be part responsible for that 1%.
        
         | jsight wrote:
         | Notably, SAE level 5 is actually well below the standard that
         | you've laid out here. The vehicle simply has to be able to make
         | itself safe in situations that it can't handle. This allows
         | room for remote assistance or a human takeover in certain
         | situations.
        
         | jedberg wrote:
         | > This tells me that we're still a long way from full level 4
         | 
         | The only thing it tells me is that regulations are more lax in
         | Arizona than California.
        
         | spywaregorilla wrote:
         | > ability to drive autonomously everywhere with zero human
         | oversight with a safety record equivalent to the median human
         | driver
         | 
         | I think this statement is off the mark. Comparing to a human is
         | hard. Not many accidents happen because people are bad at
         | driving. Driving is honestly pretty easy. They happen because
         | people are distracted, tired, drunk, or perhaps just an asshole
         | driving recklessly for thrills or for speed.
         | 
         | A self driving car might be a lot "worse" than the average
         | human driver but could still be a huge improvement in terms of
         | expected safety record for driving overall.
         | 
         | They don't need to be better than humans, they just need to be
         | not shit 100% of the time unlike humans.
        
         | TulliusCicero wrote:
         | > human safety driver to be remote, as is the case in Phoenix.
         | 
         | It's not a remote human safety driver, it's more like a remote
         | human safety coach.
         | 
         | The difference is giving high level directions vs directly
         | driving the car. They don't remotely drive the car because that
         | would obviously be super dangerous w/r/t connection
         | stability/latency.
        
         | kgin wrote:
         | L4 with ability to phone home for remote assistance is good
         | enough.
         | 
         | By the time L5 arrives people will have been happily riding
         | around in vehicles with no steering wheels for decades. L4 cars
         | that phone home less and less every year.
         | 
         | Eventually someone will notice that no L4 car has phoned home
         | for a whole year and almost nobody will care. Just a footnote
         | to an era that already feels taken for granted.
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | I suspect the main "roadblocks" are about the environment for
         | the SDC.
         | 
         | All traffic signs and signals need to be machine readable at a
         | distance. That is, a traffic light might beam out "I am light
         | 'SFTL783', will be green for 8 more seconds". The location and
         | other data for SFTL783 is in a preloaded database. Same for
         | speed limits and other signage.
         | 
         | An updated 3d map of all roads would also help a lot. As would
         | car-to-car communication systems.
        
         | baxtr wrote:
         | _> I still think that true level 5 (i.e. ability to drive
         | autonomously everywhere with zero human oversight with a safety
         | record equivalent to the median human driver) requires AGI._
         | 
         | This might be true. Most of the time (95%) I am on complete
         | human brain autopilot when I'm driving but those other 5% need
         | my full focus and attention. I shut of the radio and tell other
         | passengers to be quite (if I have the time for it).
        
           | birdman3131 wrote:
           | Anybody who rides with me on a normal basis have come to
           | learn to recognize the sudden stop halfway through a word
           | when I switch from autopilot brain to active driving. There
           | are times when you need more focus on everything than others.
        
           | Closi wrote:
           | This assumes that the challenges that are hard for a human
           | are the same challenges that are hard for a self driving car
           | - that might be the case, but self driving cars may have some
           | theoretical advantages such as 360 cameras/lidar and an
           | ability to follow satellite navigation without having to take
           | its eyes off the road.
           | 
           | Put another way, the 5% of times I need to focus are usually
           | the times where I am somewhere new and don't necessarily
           | understand the road layout - which something like Waymo may
           | avoid through mapping for instance.
           | 
           | It might be true, but plenty of problems that have been
           | thought to require true AGI have later been found to not
           | require it after sufficient research - for example it's not
           | long ago that we thought good image recognition was entirely
           | out of reach.
        
         | actusual wrote:
         | Definitionally, the achievement of self driving vehicles does
         | not require AGI. Doing one task very well requires a subset of
         | AGI called Weak AI.
        
           | kspacewalk2 wrote:
           | Stacking shelves in a warehouse is one task. Driving is not
           | one task. There are too many corner cases for a modern-day AI
           | system to perform as well as a median driver in, say, 95% of
           | environments and settings in North America and Europe. I
           | think the argument is that such a system might as well be
           | AGI.
        
             | actusual wrote:
             | The idea that an AI must have the ability to learn how to
             | do anything in order to learn how to drive seems like an
             | extremely pessimistic and misguided goalpost. That is also
             | not how iterative development works.
        
               | nicoffeine wrote:
               | I think ML is fantastic, and combined with LiDAR, inter-
               | vehicle mesh networking, and geofenced areas where humans
               | take over, we could quickly arrive at mostly automated
               | driving without trying to reinvent the human brain. We
               | should also be more focused on enforcing established
               | legal limits to newly manufactured cars. Just preventing
               | someone from exceeding the speed limit or driving the
               | wrong way would start saving lives immediately. It would
               | also allow traffic flow to be optimized, and eventually
               | prioritize emergency traffic or allow metro areas to be
               | evacuated efficiently for things like natural disasters.
               | 
               | It would be great to see the dawn of AGI, but I don't
               | think it will ever happen with classical computation.
               | GPT-3 spits out nonsense with the input of the largest
               | and easiest to parse portion of reality, and I have not
               | seen any ML approach replicate the abilities of something
               | as simple as bacteria. ML requires constant validation
               | from human operators, so the same is going to hold true
               | for ML powered vehicle navigation.
        
             | s1artibartfast wrote:
             | Driving is a set of tasks, but not AGI. AGI would be if it
             | could drive and then also learn to write poetry without any
             | code update.
        
           | burnished wrote:
           | Part of driving well requires a diverse of array of
           | abilities, right? You know what is litter and what is debris
           | because you can make a guess about material properties based
           | on some observations, like looking at something that moves
           | without being touched and is translucent, you probably
           | conclude that its a plastic bag of some sort and not a
           | hazard. Similarly you probably use a wealth of experience to
           | judge that a small piece of tire is not a hazard, but a chunk
           | is a hazard and a whole one is definitely a hazard.
           | 
           | Or, on seeing an anomalous <children's toy> enter the road
           | you can probably guess that a child might follow shortly
           | after.
           | 
           | I'm not suggesting that the problem cannot be solved without
           | AGI, but you can see why some people might think that though,
           | right?
           | 
           | My personal feeling is that we shouldn't be setting the bar
           | at making a car that can handle any situation anywhere way
           | better than any human at any time, but that we should also
           | try to make roads that are more suitable for self driving
           | vehicles. I'd rather we move to driving agents that don't get
           | bored, frustrated, or angry.
        
             | rhacker wrote:
             | I think the engineer's answer to the child entering the
             | roadway would be: The car SHOULD never drive at such a
             | speed that if the child WERE to enter the visible zone that
             | it could swerve+slow enough to not hit it, forget the toy.
             | After that we can move the goal posts and say it's a FAST
             | child on a bike - but then the reasonable solution to that
             | is a human driver may have also hit the biking child. Then,
             | of course, we get into the ethics of fault for the
             | accident.
        
               | burnished wrote:
               | My agreement with you falls largely under my last
               | paragraph. I'm trying to illustrate a couple examples
               | where driving as a human on roads built for human drivers
               | requires perceptive powers and understanding that are
               | beyond 'merely' driving safely, but also require a sort
               | of holistic understanding of the world. If your goal is
               | to make a better than human substitute driver then I
               | don't think it is a completely unreasonable position to
               | believe you'll need some level of AGI. Of course, as we
               | figure out how to do concrete tasks and incorporate them
               | into a system they'll stop being considered traits that
               | would require general intelligence, but I suppose that is
               | a different discussion.
               | 
               | And your example isn't moving goalposts, its just another
               | legitimate example of a situation thats gotta get figured
               | out. If you think that things like understanding that
               | some kid learning to skateboard nearby could fall a
               | surprisingly far distance and thus you should exercise
               | caution, or being aware of factors that imply fast biking
               | children (say, an adult and a child implies the potential
               | for another fast moving child on the same trajectory),
               | that this sort of situational and contextual awareness is
               | critical for proper driving.. then yeah, that would be a
               | reasonable sounding argument to support "I think self
               | driving cars will require some level of progress in AGI".
               | 
               | That's all I'm long-windedly getting at.
        
         | spyckie2 wrote:
         | The key metric is probably "obscure incidents" per miles
         | driven, probably classified manually into various levels of
         | danger. Once the "incidents that lead to disaster" count
         | reaches 0 statistically, it will definitely roll out en masse
         | without the need of safety drivers.
         | 
         | My guess is that they know how many miles they have to drive in
         | order to reach that number, and it's a whole lot. Statistics
         | and math stuff but you can probably pin it down to the month or
         | quarter based on trends. Either that, or it's about driving
         | every road in the city with all sorts of weather / traffic /
         | pedestrian conditions until there's no issue. This isn't
         | generalized AI driving (L5) but it's a much more logical
         | approach to getting autonomous driving coverage where it's the
         | most valuable.
         | 
         | My guess is that each city will involve a safety driver rollout
         | until they have enough data to know the incident rate is zero.
         | There might be a lot of variance between cities - maps data,
         | weather conditions, customs, etc. Then remove the safety
         | drivers.
         | 
         | I'm sure they also are experimenting with disaster/safety
         | protocols while they do the roll out.
         | 
         | My prediction is that waymo will be a mainstream option within
         | the next 5 years.
        
         | michaelt wrote:
         | There's no such thing as a remote safety driver.
         | 
         | Cell data connections aren't reliable enough, and having the
         | car emergency stop (and potentially get rear-ended) when it
         | loses signal wouldn't be acceptable.
        
         | aero-glide2 wrote:
         | It doesn't matter for the rider though, unlike a Tesla where
         | you still have to keep your hands on the wheel.
        
         | eagsalazar2 wrote:
         | You are making a ton of assumptions about what is driving this
         | decision.
        
         | bpodgursky wrote:
         | They are not legally allowed to not have a human driver
         | onboard. It's a legal requirement that is not a relevant signal
         | one way or another.
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > This tells me that we're still a long way from full level 4
         | (and certainly level 5) autonomy in a busy city like San
         | Francisco.
         | 
         | I think its in part regulatory relating to paid rides in
         | autonomous vehicles in CA, which is why Cruise is dodging it
         | with passenger-carrying but unpaid rides that are fully
         | driverless. I can't find a good summary of the rules, but I
         | infer from the coverage I've seen that the threshold for having
         | no safety driver when offering paid passenger rides is
         | different from that without paid passengers.
        
         | ren_engineer wrote:
         | Would it be easier to just build a "futuristic" test city built
         | around the idea of self-driving cars to make it easier for them
         | to work? If self-driving cars are so great people will move
         | there naturally due to improved quality of life. Trying to make
         | self-driving cars work in current cities is like building
         | around crippling technical debt
         | 
         | Seems like Google and a few other tech companies could easily
         | bootstrap a small city by planting some offices somewhere
        
         | Johnny555 wrote:
         | _The edge cases requiring immediate human attention are still
         | too frequent for the human safety driver to be remote, as is
         | the case in Phoenix._
         | 
         | I think you can only determine that if you know how many times
         | the human attendant takes over.
         | 
         | Just having a human behind the wheel doesn't tell you much, I
         | don't see how to get full self-driving without an intermediate
         | step of human supervision.
        
       | t0rt01se wrote:
       | Can't wait for these to be launched in my city! Love from Dhaka.
        
         | pm90 wrote:
         | Considering the Density of Dhaka, it would be much better
         | served with public transportation/metro.
         | 
         | While the US has a lot of Urban Sprawl, dense Asian cities have
         | the option to invest and reap the benefits of public
         | transportation instead. Eg im incredibly excited about all the
         | metro lines in India, HSR in China etc.
        
       | ketzo wrote:
       | Many comments in this thread are variations on a theme of "self-
       | driving cars don't need to be perfect, they just need to be
       | better than human drivers, who aren't actually all that great." I
       | think it would be nice if this were true, and I suppose it is
       | from an actuarial perspective, but it's also an extremely flawed
       | point.
       | 
       | From a public confidence perspective, it doesn't matter if a
       | self-driving car crashes one tenth, even one one-hundredth as
       | often as human drivers.
       | 
       | If you see a self-driving car cause an accident, particularly a
       | lethal one, in a situation that almost any human driver would
       | have avoided, you've totally destroyed any and all confidence in
       | this car's driving ability, because "I would never, ever have
       | crashed there."
       | 
       | As we've seen, there are lots of scenarios like this. The Tesla
       | crash from last year, where the car simply didn't see a white
       | truck against a light background. Or imagine an adversarial image
       | attack, where some tiny insignificant detail is placed onto a
       | stop sign or a "do-not-enter" that turns it into nothing from the
       | perspective of the AI driver.
       | 
       | These kinds of scenarios _obliterate_ public confidence in self-
       | driving cars, because intuitively, you immediately realize that
       | you 're "a much better driver" than this car! Even if that's
       | untrue 99/100 times, it only takes one visceral example to drive
       | this kind of wedge.
       | 
       | Self-driving cars _don 't_ just have to be better than human
       | drivers. They have to be as close to perfect as is possible,
       | because that's what people will expect.
        
         | cactus2093 wrote:
         | Counterpoint - nobody actually cares about traffic fatalities.
         | Nearly 40,000 deaths a year in the US, and the majority of
         | people get in their cars every day without ever thinking about
         | this risk and go about their lives (or to put that another way,
         | the risks are already so low as to be negligible to most
         | people, and anything else within the ballpark of negligible is
         | still negligible). Normalcy bias is incredibly strong and as
         | soon as self-driving cars are "normal" people will get on board
         | without thinking twice. Tesla is slowly acclimating people to
         | self-driving, basically everyone is familiar with the idea at
         | this point, and as soon as it's available and someone tells you
         | it's "just as safe as driving yourself", most people will just
         | go with it. Especially given how big the upside is - you don't
         | have to deal with the stress of driving anymore, you can just
         | relax in your car. Or in terms of getting a ride, maybe it's
         | 1/4 the price of a taxi driven by a human. Sounds good, people
         | will roll with it.
         | 
         | Of course the more it starts taking off, there will always be a
         | vocal subset of the population that is strongly opposed to it,
         | just like there are vocal anti-vaxxer groups and there were
         | anti-seatbelt protests back in the 80's. But I can't imagine
         | the naysayers having a very big impact on the progression of
         | the technology, the upsides are just too enormous.
        
         | PartiallyTyped wrote:
         | This is arguing that because humans are stupid and biased, they
         | will believe they are better drivers despite all the evidence
         | to the contrary, and therefore, a solution needs to be close to
         | perfect so that humans stop being fearful.
         | 
         | We have seen this before with autopilots in aircraft and ship,
         | elevator operators and so on.
         | 
         | All it needs is time and adoption, not perfection, and as
         | adoption increases, the roads get safer and safer, bringing us
         | closer to the ideal, and as time increases, the closer we get
         | to adoption.
        
         | hellbannedguy wrote:
         | I was a doubter for awhile.
         | 
         | Watching the Waymo video just changed my viewpoint.
         | 
         | They have a "Pull Over" lever in the back seat.
         | 
         | Would I trust a self-driving vechicle without Lidar--probally
         | no.
         | 
         | Would I use use a self driving vechicle commuting, and around
         | the city--yes. Two driving chores I hate. I hate them to the
         | point that the philosophical argument over dying by my own
         | hands, or a computer, is put in the trunk.
         | 
         | On a personal note, the thought of a computer driving me off a
         | cliff while driving to Stinson beach is not something I would
         | chance. Even if they are statistically better drivers than most
         | humans.
         | 
         | I can't imagine tumbling down a cliff, and thinking if only I
         | drove today.
         | 
         | I still foresee most trucking jobs, and most driving jobs,
         | completely gone in a few years.
         | 
         | Yes--it's time for a Basic Income.
        
         | sillysaurusx wrote:
         | Here's a particularly spicy viewpoint: It doesn't matter if you
         | obliterate public confidence in self-driving cars, or if there
         | are lethal accidents that would've been avoided.
         | 
         | As t approaches infinity, what are the chances that self-
         | driving cars _won 't_ take over the world?
        
           | thereare5lights wrote:
           | pretty high if people won't use them because they don't trust
           | them.
        
             | dougmwne wrote:
             | If you think governments can't simply legislate away
             | people's freedom to drive in the service of corporate
             | profits or what's "best for them", you haven't read the
             | news lately.
        
               | make3 wrote:
               | It's funny how Americans seem to have accepted the idea
               | that corporations control their political life
        
               | dougmwne wrote:
               | I wouldn't say agreed with, but mostly accepted a reality
               | they have no power to change.
        
               | andrewzah wrote:
               | "If you think governments can't simply legislate away
               | people's freedom to drive"
               | 
               | Less drunk, distracted, angry, and/or sleepy drivers on
               | public roads, with overall significantly less crashes?
               | Sign me up!
        
               | dougmwne wrote:
               | That would be an ideal outcome, but plenty of people
               | would need to be economically or legally forced. Cross-
               | reference to vaccines.
        
               | andrewzah wrote:
               | Freedom clearly does not work in a self-centered society.
               | We wouldn't need such drastic actions if enough people
               | voluntarily did the right things. But not enough do, so
               | here we are.
               | 
               | I'm really beginning to get sick of seeing people use the
               | word "freedom" when they clearly mean "no personal
               | responsibility while living in a society among other
               | people".
        
           | abstrakraft wrote:
           | I imagine Waymo's investors want a return before t reaches
           | infinity...
        
         | dabeeeenster wrote:
         | People get on passenger planes every day and there are loads of
         | instances of those crashing for extremely unorthodox reasons.
        
         | MontyCarloHall wrote:
         | >human drivers, who aren't actually all that great.
         | 
         | A large fraction of human drivers _are_ actually all that
         | great. The majority of accidents /deaths are caused by a
         | minority of terrible drivers, or good drivers who found
         | themselves in terrible but rare circumstances. The majority of
         | drivers drive hundreds of thousands of miles without any
         | accidents that were their fault, or even any accidents at all.
         | 
         | In other words, it's probably easy to beat the _mean_ human
         | driver, which is greatly dragged down by a minority of terrible
         | drivers. It 's probably very difficult to beat the _median_
         | human driver, and near impossible to beat the top 20% of human
         | drivers.
        
           | not2b wrote:
           | I don't think it's easy to beat the mean human driver and to
           | demonstrate with solid data that you've done so.
           | 
           | In 2019 in California, there were 1.06 deaths per 100 million
           | vehicle miles traveled. Any self-driving automobile
           | technology that doesn't have at least 1 billion vehicle miles
           | of data is in no position to claim that it is safer than
           | human drivers and less likely to kill people.
           | 
           | Self driving cars don't make the same kinds of mistakes as
           | human drivers do, but they make different kinds of mistakes.
           | Some of these can be fatal.
        
             | make3 wrote:
             | I'd be curious to see a source for your number
        
               | mortehu wrote:
               | Not really answering your question, but CDC says 28% of
               | all traffic-related deaths in 2016 involved alcohol.
               | Excluding these would immediately improve the mean
               | performance.
        
               | mikestew wrote:
               | I see why LMGTFY had its day in the sun: you can
               | literally paste the first sentence of parent's post into
               | DDG, and the first link answers your question. Hell, the
               | _preview_ answers your question, you don't even need to
               | click it.
        
               | make3 wrote:
               | the writer has the responsibility give a source, not the
               | reader
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | eigen wrote:
               | * The 2019 Mileage Death Rate (MDR) - fatalities per 100
               | million miles traveled - is 1.06.
               | 
               | https://www.ots.ca.gov/ots-and-traffic-safety/score-card/
               | 
               | California Numbers:
               | 
               | * 3,606 traffic fatalities in 2019.
               | 
               | * 1,066 Alcohol-impaired driving fatalities (fatalities
               | in crashes involving a driver or motorcycle rider with a
               | blood alcohol concentration, or BAC, of 0.08 or higher)
               | in 2019.
               | 
               | * 620 Unrestrained passenger vehicle occupant fatalities
               | in all seating positions in 2019.
               | 
               | * 164 Teen motor vehicle fatalities (age 16-19) in 2019.
               | 
               | * 972 Pedestrian fatalities in 2019.
               | 
               | * 133 Bicycle fatalities in 2019.
               | 
               | assuming the above (alcohol-impaired, unrestrained
               | passenger, teens, pedestrian, bicycle) are all all poor-
               | driver related that leaves 651 traffic fatalities.
        
             | MontyCarloHall wrote:
             | >I don't think it's easy to beat the mean human driver and
             | to demonstrate with solid data that you've done so.
             | 
             | Agreed. I should have written "relatively easy."
             | 
             | > Any self-driving automobile technology that doesn't have
             | at least 1 billion vehicle miles of data is in no position
             | to claim that it is safer than human drivers and less
             | likely to kill people.
             | 
             | The circumstances under which those miles are driven (e.g.
             | road type, location, weather, time of day, etc.) also have
             | to be consistent with circumstances under which humans are
             | driving. 10 billion autonomous vehicle miles driven only on
             | highways in broad daylight is a worthless point of
             | comparison, whereas 500 million miles driven across a
             | variety of conditions representative of the full human
             | driving population is worth a lot more.
        
             | joecool1029 wrote:
             | > but they make different kinds of mistakes.
             | 
             | This is key, there's expectation and some wiggle room that
             | as a human driver, humans will fuck up predictably and
             | experienced drivers know how to avoid getting into
             | incidents when this happens (usually).
             | 
             | Self-driving cars are weird to drive around. They will
             | absolutely stop in situations where no human would think to
             | stop. I think about this as a motorcycle rider, what if I'm
             | committed to cornering on a corner I can't see around and
             | the software decides on a self-driving car that it should
             | just stop in the middle of the road after the apex? A human
             | driver could do this too but many will know that this is a
             | dangerous place to stop and try to put the car on the
             | shoulder or minimize the amount of time it's stuck there.
             | 
             | I don't know if this is something we need to tolerate a
             | temporary increased incident rate on as people get used to
             | them being on the road, or if we need to make the software
             | drive more like humans (with the assumption that means
             | potentially making the behavior act sloppier than it can
             | handle so that increased software reaction rate doesn't
             | cause humans with slow reaction rate to slam into them)
        
             | MichaelGroves wrote:
             | > _I don 't think it's easy to beat the mean human driver
             | and to demonstrate with solid data that you've done so._
             | 
             | It is. The mean is dragged down by alcoholics who drive
             | drunk every single day. If you never drive drunk, that
             | gives you a significant advantage.
        
               | not2b wrote:
               | We were talking about self-driving cars.
               | 
               | The mean is given by the number I posted, about 1 death
               | per 100 million miles traveled. That number _includes_
               | drunk drivers, distracted drivers trying to text,
               | everything.
        
               | MichaelGroves wrote:
               | The point is that _" 1 death per 100 million miles
               | traveled"_ is the _mean_ average, but most drivers do
               | better than the mean. Mean, median, and mode are not the
               | same and the mean crash rate is not relevant to most
               | drivers.
        
           | erostrate wrote:
           | Do you have a source for that?
        
             | chrismcb wrote:
             | I don't know where the op got the statistic from. But this
             | claims 1.02 per 100 million.
             | https://worldpopulationreview.com/state-rankings/fatal-
             | car-a...
        
           | MichaelGroves wrote:
           | Exactly right. Furthermore, most risky behavior is a choice.
           | Crashes aren't random "acts of god" that strike anybody with
           | equal likelihood. If you _choose_ not to drive drunk, drive
           | in bad weather, or for many hours without rest, then you can
           | greatly improve your odds and almost certainly reduce your
           | risk below the average. In these discussions I often see far
           | too much fatalism; _" Everybody thinks they're above average
           | but half of you aren't"_. ignores both the fact that crashes
           | aren't distributed like that, and the fact that the riskiest
           | behavior is a choice. The mean number of miles driven drunk
           | is greater than zero, but the number of miles _I_ drive drunk
           | is zero.
        
           | snarkypixel wrote:
           | Not sure about that. I'd say from the people that are very
           | close to me (friends & family), I wouldn't want to be a
           | passenger with half of them. AI is /so much better/, can't
           | wait for it to be mainstream. And it's not just about the AI
           | driving, it's about the AI reacting 100X faster and having
           | eyes all around the car to avoid accidents before they could
           | even happen.
           | 
           | I wonder what humans will actually do better than AI in 50
           | years. I have a personal theory but I'm a bit off topic here
        
         | foota wrote:
         | I agree that these incidents are concerning, but you mention
         | Tesla's crashes, yet people are still buying it? I think you
         | are underestimating people's laziness.
        
         | fouc wrote:
         | Even if public confidence was low, so what? People will still
         | buy self-driving cars and fall asleep in them. Laziness
         | triumphs over safety.
        
         | aiisjustanif wrote:
         | > Self-driving cars don't just have to be better than human
         | drivers. They have to be as close to perfect as is possible,
         | because that's what people will expect.
         | 
         | Though I disagree because people expect a lot of things and
         | alternative outcomes happen when there are incentives (Current
         | cars, airplanes, and elevators come to mind). Waymo seems to be
         | aware of this from this recent video. [1]
         | 
         | 1. https://youtu.be/yjztvddhZmI
        
         | dougmwne wrote:
         | The world doesn't work in idealized ways. Yes, perhaps ideally
         | self-driving cars would need to be nearly perfect in order to
         | win wide public acceptance. At the same time there was an
         | article on the front page today investigating literal gulag
         | labor camps in the USA, and I doubt those are popular or going
         | away any time soon. Once this is working technology that can
         | turn a profit, it will depend on who stands to gain, how deep
         | their pockets are, who gets bribed, which talking points get
         | pushed, and which votes get bought. Whether the public ends up
         | particularly happy about the outcome is at best, secondary, and
         | at worst, irrelevant. Don't think I've run into too many people
         | happy about our healthcare system, yet that remains stubbornly
         | broken. No one I've met really wanted to lose our lower-middle
         | class to China, yet there it went.
        
           | make3 wrote:
           | Well a large difference is that consumer goods companies like
           | Tesla are reliant on their public image for sales.
        
             | dougmwne wrote:
             | People don't usually pay too much attention to what the
             | government relations department has been saying to the
             | NHTSA. It doesn't have the be the same thing Elon is
             | tweeting.
        
         | acchow wrote:
         | I'm a bit surprised by how negative a view HN has towards human
         | adoption of technology.
         | 
         | What technology is perfect? What code is perfect and doesn't
         | have bugs in it? And yet we adopt automated systems anyway.
         | Yes, sometimes it is painful and an entire airline grounds all
         | planes for half a day... But that doesn't stop the unending
         | march towards efficiency and technological progress.
        
           | TaylorAlexander wrote:
           | I think the point is that the general public is fickle and
           | their trust in self driving cars is tentative. If the public
           | loses confidence in the technology it will make it very
           | difficult for them to roll it out. So this isn't really about
           | what HN thinks, it's about what HN predicts the general
           | public will think.
        
       | stickfigure wrote:
       | Why did they pick Jaguar for the platform? That seems like an
       | obscure choice.
        
         | ocdtrekkie wrote:
         | Probably got them for free/really cheap. Waymo has regularly
         | looked for partnership deals with car manufacturers, driven by
         | the push to make Waymo look good on the budget sheets.
         | 
         | Also, companies pushing their own self-driving or ADAS
         | solutions may be hesitant to partner with Waymo, excluding some
         | of the large players.
        
         | michaelt wrote:
         | Well, as long as the tech isn't ready to sell to consumers,
         | 'partnering' with Waymo doesn't have all that much upside for
         | automakers. It's not like Waymo is handing over the secret
         | sauce or promising them exclusivity. I also suspect over the
         | past decade Waymo has found fewer and fewer automakers fighting
         | to make a deal with them.
         | 
         | Jaguar doesn't have a high-profile competing autonomy effort of
         | their own, that would create a conflict of interest and/or
         | invite spying.
         | 
         | The i-pace is electric, which makes integration easier and
         | won't hurt for PR purposes.
         | 
         | And it's luxurious enough that no matter who you're showing the
         | tech off to, it won't be a big step down from their personal
         | car.
        
         | lifekaizen wrote:
         | Most likely Jaguar is involved financially and it's not a
         | straight purchase. From Wired:
         | 
         | "Jaguar, for its part, gets a large chunk of guaranteed sales
         | and a chance to look like it's at the forefront of this
         | emerging technology."
         | 
         | - Waymo Expands Its Robo-Fleet with Electric Jaguar SUVs,
         | https://www.wired.com/story/waymo-buys-jaguar-suvs/
        
       | jstx1 wrote:
       | What's the biggest technical challenge that they have right now?
       | And how much time and effort will it take to overcome?
       | 
       | I feel like there is a lot of disconnect between the different
       | media pieces and opinions I come across specifically when it
       | comes to Waymo's self-driving - from "we're already there" to "it
       | won't happen in the next 10 years".
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | If Waymo has a 10-year lead, the people who get paid by the
         | word to write about the horse race don't get paid. That's why
         | you'll often see articles on self-driving cars that don't even
         | mention Waymo.
        
       | willvarfar wrote:
       | I can't wait for truly autonomous cars. I live in the countryside
       | and have to drive to collect and deliver kids, or abstain as a
       | designated driver and so on. Self driving will change this.
       | 
       | The aspect I dislike is the move towards hiring cars on demand
       | instead of owning them, though.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | hiring cars on demand makes sense in dense cities where most
         | trips would not be by car even if you owned one (walk, bike,
         | transit...). When most trips are by car anyway you are better
         | off owning your own car.
        
         | travisporter wrote:
         | Actually, if the cost of hiring is less than insurance,
         | maintenance and fuel, I'm all for it. Don't have to be sober,
         | find parking. Don't know if that will happen in rural areas
         | though
        
       | ra7 wrote:
       | It's fantastic to see Waymo's progress. SF is a real nightmare to
       | drive. If they can nail it there, that's 2/2 for busy, urban
       | street driving (SF) and "boring" suburban driving (Chandler, AZ).
       | They've been quietly very confident of their tech, but this is a
       | real test.
       | 
       | Tangentially, I've also noticed that Waymo has picked up pace
       | ever since the recent leadership changes. They are publishing
       | more blog posts, offering more insights into their tech and
       | generally seem to have increased their PR game. I wonder if that
       | was a mandate from Alphabet leadership to show some urgency.
        
         | bobsomers wrote:
         | > I wonder if that was a mandate from Alphabet leadership to
         | show some urgency.
         | 
         | Surely Alphabet has noticed that their competitors are nipping
         | at Waymo's heels. If they _don 't_ pick up the pace, all sorts
         | of business books will be written about how Waymo squandered a
         | decade-long lead in the industry.
        
         | afavour wrote:
         | > SF is a real nightmare to drive.
         | 
         | Yes and no. The weather conditions are probably close to
         | perfect for a project like this. A city that spends months with
         | icy roads... _that_ would be the real nightmare.
        
           | ra7 wrote:
           | Yeah, fair enough. Only adverse weather they'd encounter in
           | SF is fog and may be light rain. But I still consider driving
           | in SF pretty challenging, especially for an autonomous
           | vehicle - narrow roads, people not following rules,
           | pedestrians everywhere, cable cars in the middle of roads.
           | Certainly more complex than Chandler, AZ.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | SF is hardly a nightmare to drive. Try Boston during a winter
         | storm.
        
           | pvarangot wrote:
           | This cars don't even work with a light drizzle.
        
             | verdverm wrote:
             | Waymo in snow and sand
             | 
             | https://www.engadget.com/2018-05-08-waymo-snow-
             | navigation.ht...
             | 
             | https://www.azcentral.com/story/money/business/tech/2019/08
             | /...
        
             | MichaelZuo wrote:
             | That's a big point if true. What's the source for that
             | info?
        
               | pvarangot wrote:
               | Not sure if I can tell so I'll have to pass on answering
               | that. You can take a look at this though:
               | https://youtu.be/0oyjYH6v0b8?t=434
        
               | ra7 wrote:
               | Those are their previous generation vehicles. The I-Pace
               | in SF are the newest generation with upgraded sensors.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | paxys wrote:
           | I think people vastly overestimate the challenges of weather
           | conditions for self driving. With modern car tech (traction
           | monitoring, ability to redirect torque to a specific tire,
           | ABS, radar) an automated car is going to have an easier time
           | navigating snow/ice/rain than a human driver.
           | 
           | The real challenges when navigating city streets are the
           | human ones - delivery vehicles blocking lanes, municipal
           | worker fixing a manhole with a single cone to redirect
           | traffic, pedestrians/bicyclists appearing out of nowhere, no
           | one following traffic signs. This is the kind of stuff that
           | tests "intelligence".
        
             | pitaj wrote:
             | How well do sensors and vision systems handle winter
             | conditions like snow and lack of lane markers?
        
               | ggggtez wrote:
               | Easy, my dumb level-0 car can tell me when it's icy. And
               | finding lane markers is one of the easiest tasks in self
               | driving (the hard part is knowing when to ignore them).
        
               | mike00632 wrote:
               | > And finding lane markers is one of the easiest tasks in
               | self driving
               | 
               | It's not a matter of "finding" lane markers. There are no
               | lane markers visible after it snows.
        
               | tylerrobinson wrote:
               | You're being downvoted for the flippant and dismissive
               | tone of your comment, but I do wonder how computer-driven
               | cars will determine when it is acceptable to violate lane
               | markings and road signs. Boston in winter is more than
               | just traction control. There are snow piles that might be
               | icy, ridges left from a plow, shifting conditions, and
               | bad visibility. I suspect it IS a hard problem.
        
               | marwatk wrote:
               | I suspect it will know where the lane markings are better
               | than human drivers. They are mapped ahead of time and the
               | car can likely localize itself via other landmarks to
               | determine where they are without being able to see them.
               | 
               | The harder part is driving like a human and detecting
               | that a path has been made in the middle of two lanes in
               | heavy snow and not obeying the lines at all.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | r00fus wrote:
             | Challenging weather conditions mean human drivers become
             | even more unpredictable.
        
             | tuatoru wrote:
             | > With modern car tech (traction monitoring, ability to
             | redirect torque to a specific tire, ABS, radar) an
             | automated car is going to have an easier time navigating
             | snow/ice/rain than a human driver.
             | 
             | Huh, what? Human drivers can _already_ take advantage of
             | all of those, and they still find snowstorms and torrential
             | rain challenging.
             | 
             | The challenge is understanding what you see (and hear), and
             | dealing with very noisy and limited--sometimes actively
             | misleading--inputs.
        
             | newsclues wrote:
             | If a pedestrian slips in deep snow while crossing a street
             | and is no longer visible because the snow obstructs them,
             | does the car see a clear path and kill someone or not?
        
             | CarelessExpert wrote:
             | > I think people vastly overestimate the challenges of
             | weather conditions for self driving.
             | 
             | This remark makes me wonder if you've ever lived in an area
             | that actually experiences winter.
             | 
             | Around here, dead of winter, there are no lines visible on
             | the streets. Heck, after a good snow storm the lanes are
             | basically a function of group consensus.
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | Waymo et al will have to install snow tires or else no
             | matter of traction control or even all wheel drive are
             | going to help when your tires cannot find grip.
             | 
             | Source: grew up watching subarus do 360s on the freeway.
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | Lived in Boston for quite a while, and grew up driving in a
           | city.
           | 
           | I find SF much more challenging to drive in, at least wrt the
           | other drivers. In Boston, drivers are aggressive and take
           | calculated, dangerous risks to meet their goal.
           | 
           | In SF, a lot of people on the road act like it's their first
           | time driving in like 5 years and they're still figuring it
           | out. There's no rational risk-taking towards a goal, but more
           | people bumbling around unpredictably while unsure of what
           | their goal even is.
        
             | JohnWhigham wrote:
             | That's a great description of driving for literally
             | everywhere in the country that's not the Northeast. It's
             | also why I think driving in the Northeast is the safest.
             | Driving on highways in the South is scary.
        
           | travisporter wrote:
           | What if the car/service just doesn't work or is planned to be
           | offline based on the weather? It would suck to be stranded
           | because it started raining, but would it still be valuable to
           | have an automated taxi service on good weather days in big
           | cities? I am inclined to say yes, and also delighted that
           | this is the question I'm asking, but I'm an optimist.
        
           | delecti wrote:
           | In my experience with snow driving, a well maintained car
           | (including good snow tires) goes a long way, and a fleet of
           | commercial vehicles (like these) will have that as an edge
           | over the average driver.
        
           | spywaregorilla wrote:
           | Try a southern state that has never seen snow before but got
           | half an inch and is losing its collective mind.
        
           | jsight wrote:
           | Honestly, I think Boston is harder even without a winter
           | storm.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | It may not scale to rural areas though. There are some roads
         | were you don't need to look at the road in front of your: it is
         | there and nothing else is. Instead you need to watch the
         | ditches in a wide area around because that is where wildlife
         | will jump out of in front of you.
        
           | pnathan wrote:
           | Having driven many rural roads, that is something I would be
           | much more comfortable with an automatic system on: staring
           | around for deer at night is the classic attention task where
           | humans tend to fail.
           | 
           | What I _wouldn 't_ be as comfortable with is the "random
           | sheet of ice" or "oh look, rocks" or "suddenly washboard dirt
           | road".
        
           | ra7 wrote:
           | Is there a market for taxis in the rural areas? They have
           | little incentive to expand there if there's no money to be
           | made.
        
             | paxys wrote:
             | Most drunk driving accidents/deaths happen in rural areas
             | because there is really no other alternative for
             | transportation. Because of low population density and long
             | distances taxis are basically impossible to find. Self
             | driving cars could definitely fill a niche there should
             | they ever become cost effective.
        
             | cascom wrote:
             | There is typically an acute need and it is a market that is
             | chronically underserved, but also typically unattractive
             | from an operator's standpoint
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | If the price is right, maybe. I live in a semi-rural area
             | (about a house per acre, but unevenly distributed) and we
             | have one Uber driver and a handful of taxi companies.
             | Competition is tough though, my PHEV costs very little to
             | operate and there's always parking and the bus system does
             | on demand rides for $2 during weekdays between the morning
             | and evening peaks.
        
             | tazjin wrote:
             | I can't speak for the US, but in Europe (experiences from
             | Sweden, Norway, Russia) rural areas usually have a handful
             | of taxi drivers and you "use their services" by calling
             | their numbers which you can get from locals.
        
               | bayesianbot wrote:
               | In Finland we had a law that required the taxi monopoly
               | to provide services even in rural areas, so disabled and
               | elderly people could get transportation to services they
               | need. Worked well in my town of 7 000 people except
               | sometimes on weeknights the only driver could be in the
               | next city 50km away.
               | 
               | (Had, as in they changed the law few years back. Not sure
               | how it's now)
               | 
               | Robotaxi(s) could be quite good solution to the problem -
               | the drivers were often pissed if you called them for a
               | single ride when they were home or far away.
        
             | mdoms wrote:
             | Absolutely! I live in outskirts and I would LOVE to be able
             | to get a taxi to the pub and back! Unfortunately they don't
             | service me here.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | The superiority of a blended computer vision system for this
           | task, over a human performance, is almost impossible to
           | overstate. The computer is not going to overlook even one
           | deer.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | It isn't possible to not overlook deer because they are
             | often doing things such that you cannot spot them. Unless
             | you mean they won't fail to see a deer 2 meters in front of
             | the car - but it is too late to do anything about it then.
        
             | fooker wrote:
             | >The computer is not going to overlook even one deer.
             | 
             | Oh it will. Animals have evolved amazing camouflage.
             | Computer Vision will easily miss a deer hidden in a dark
             | treeline. And radar/lidar even more so because the forest
             | is going to have a pretty irregular geometry.
             | 
             | Even identifying a bicycle in a regular city street is
             | something we have not convincingly solved yet. Animals on
             | the side of a forest road is pretty far away.
        
           | Filligree wrote:
           | So they'd need more training data. It doesn't sound difficult
           | to get.
        
           | bobsomers wrote:
           | > It may not scale to rural areas though.
           | 
           | Most products, including this one, don't need to do
           | everything to be both useful and profitable.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | So long as it is only urban areas it is a band-aid for the
             | lack of good transit options.
             | 
             | Not that you are wrong, just that you should be wrong
             | because if cities actually had useful transit rural areas
             | would be a much larger share of demand despite not having
             | many people.
        
               | bobsomers wrote:
               | Very true, but retrofitting good transit into a city that
               | didn't plan for it is extremely expensive and disruptive.
               | I see these kinds of services being a great complement to
               | public transit in cities that have struggled to make them
               | attractive.
               | 
               | For example, I am _way_ more likely to take Cal Train
               | into SF if I can use a point-to-point service like Uber
               | /Lyft/Waymo to get me the rest of the way there. Without
               | that missing link, I'm much more likely to just give up
               | and drive instead.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | The best time to do good transit was 20 years ago, the
               | second best is today. SF needs to quit making excuses and
               | make transit good. What they have is not good even if it
               | better than everyone else in the US.
        
         | reaperducer wrote:
         | _SF is a real nightmare to drive. If they can nail it there,
         | that 's 2/2 for busy, urban street driving (SF) and "boring"
         | suburban driving (Chandler, AZ)_
         | 
         | Both are low-hanging fruit. When it can navigate a snow-covered
         | road at night while it's still snowing, get back to me.
        
           | bryanlarsen wrote:
           | Doing that better than the average human is a pretty low bar.
        
           | joebob42 wrote:
           | But the bar to be better than a human in this case is also
           | wickedly low.
           | 
           | I basically can't do this. If it was absolutely necessary I
           | would go out there and drive like 5 mph and be terrified the
           | whole time, but otherwise I would just treat whatever I
           | needed to drive to in a snowstorm at night as temporarily
           | inaccessible. I have lived in places where it snowed in
           | winter before.
        
         | Lammy wrote:
         | > SF is a real nightmare to drive.
         | 
         | 'cause they decided not to build most of the roads:
         | https://www.cahighways.org/maps/1955trafficways.jpg
        
           | mjmahone17 wrote:
           | Wait do you mean? As in, the highways proposed in 1955
           | weren't built?
           | 
           | I'm not sure how highways going through SF would make it
           | easier to drive in SF (outside of the highways): wouldn't
           | that generally increase traffic and conflicts?
        
             | Lammy wrote:
             | > wouldn't that generally increase traffic and conflicts?
             | 
             | When coupled to our additional refusal to build housing,
             | sadly, yeah. What two things do people usually commute
             | between?
        
           | jcranmer wrote:
           | Cities that did decide to tear up urban areas for freeways
           | aren't really any better. Consider places like Los Angeles,
           | Dallas, or Houston.
           | 
           | What makes SF difficult to drive in (from my perspective of
           | only ever being a pedestrian there) is a) extremely hilly
           | terrain, b) the general difficulty of a dense urban
           | environment _anywhere_ , and only a distant third is c)
           | traffic, which is merely an added stressor to the complex
           | choreography that is an urban street.
        
             | pfarrell wrote:
             | For SF, _not_ rebuilding the 480 after the  '89 earthquake
             | made the Bay side of San Francisco really pleasant and
             | enjoyable place to be. The Embarcadero from Giant's stadium
             | to the Wharf and around to Fort Mason is such a beautiful
             | place to walk/jog/ride, I can't imagine the area with the
             | double-decker highway it used to have.
        
               | Lammy wrote:
               | > I can't imagine the area with the double-decker highway
               | it used to have.
               | 
               | How about with the freight railroad it used to have for
               | 75 years before the state donated the ring of land to the
               | city and paid to build the highway?
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Belt_Railroad
               | 
               | http://sanfranciscotrains.org/sbrr_history.html
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | Los Angeles also didn't build all its planned freeways, and
             | today LA has fewer freeway miles per area and per capita
             | than most american cities
        
             | Lammy wrote:
             | > extremely hilly terrain
             | 
             | Yes, I agree, but they decided it was better to go over
             | every hill instead of through them:
             | https://www.flickr.com/photos/walkingsf/4182283392/
        
           | pfarrell wrote:
           | There's a second Oakland/SF bridge that doesn't exist. Well,
           | I assume it would go to Oakland. It's marked with "???" and
           | just says "Crossing". I presume that hypothetical bridge
           | wouldn't have Yerba Buena Island to connect through, so would
           | be really impressive and long (compared to the Golden Gate
           | and Bay bridges).
        
             | Lammy wrote:
             | That's the "Southern Crossing"! https://en.wikipedia.org/wi
             | ki/Southern_Crossing_(California)
             | 
             | It would have probably been the continuation of I-980 had
             | that bridge been built:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_980#History
             | 
             | At one point it was also planned to be just north of SFO.
             | Have you ever taken I-380 east instead of one of the exits
             | to 101N/S? There's a huge multi-lane road that dwindles to
             | basically an airport access road exit.
        
               | pfarrell wrote:
               | Oh man, thanks for those links. TIL. A causeway or
               | something that extends off of Alameda? It's wild to think
               | about what that would have done to the area.
        
               | Lammy wrote:
               | On the north side there was also a plan to bridge San
               | Francisco / Angel Island / Tiburon! Part of it still
               | exists as Route 131.
               | 
               | https://www.flickr.com/photos/walkingsf/4047626058/
               | 
               | https://www.flickr.com/photos/walkingsf/4047626054/
               | 
               | https://www.cahighways.org/ROUTE131.html
               | 
               | Here you can see an idea of doubling-up the Bay Bridge,
               | plus a view of the Southern Crossing / I-980 alignment:
               | https://www.flickr.com/photos/walkingsf/4247129432/
        
           | cascom wrote:
           | Supposedly more road construction doesn't alleviate traffic,
           | in only induces more demand (which is moderated by high
           | traffic levels)
           | 
           | Source (great read if your interested in the subject):
           | https://www.amazon.com/Traffic-Drive-What-Says-
           | About/dp/0307...
        
             | Lammy wrote:
             | Yes, inducing some demand is the point. People have to live
             | somewhere, work somewhere, and until recently generally had
             | to commute between the two. When this happens in your
             | circulatory system it's called a stroke :p
        
             | throwaway0a5e wrote:
             | "Induced demand" applies to literally every public resource
             | from subways to parks. If you build it and it's not totally
             | out of place they will come.
        
           | danielrhodes wrote:
           | This is a bizarre thing to say when all of those roads exist,
           | more or less, except for the Embarcadero which was removed
           | after it collapsed in the 1989 earthquake (and was a crazy
           | eye sore).
           | 
           | It is certainly true that the taste for elevated highways
           | through cities has waned given the pollution and dust and
           | general unsightliness that it produces. In the 1950s, when
           | cars were all the rage, people were very excited by these
           | things.
        
             | Lammy wrote:
             | > This is a bizarre thing to say when all of those roads
             | exist, more or less
             | 
             | Personally, as an SF resident I would much prefer all the
             | cars to be tunneled or elevated instead of idling in front
             | of my house or blowing loudly through my block. It's a
             | safety issue.
             | 
             | When there's only so much surface area where else are
             | people supposed to build except up and down? That's why we
             | have skyscrapers, and those don't seem to provoke the same
             | vitriol as the roads.
             | 
             | Even the famously-hated Embarcadero Fwy wouldn't have been
             | visible if the plans for the World Trade Center (lol) at
             | Market/Embarcadero hadn't also been canceled:
             | 
             | https://archive.org/details/ferrybuildingcom2919sanf
             | 
             | https://www.sfgate.com/opinion/article/Ferry-Building-
             | what-m...
        
       | sschueller wrote:
       | If Google can't do it with its massive resources and sensors
       | don't ever expect a Tesla to perform better than this.
       | 
       | It's time for Elon to pay the piper and refund all users who were
       | hoodwinked into purchasing FSD. Especially people who's cars are
       | nearing end of life.
        
         | tibbydudeza wrote:
         | FSD v2 hw with DOJO - we definitely got it right this time.
        
         | ffggvv wrote:
         | if they don't have fsd then they are just an electric car
         | company. if they are just a car company their stock should be
         | at 50 dollars right now. hence why he'd never admit it and
         | instead will double down with his robot that will never
         | materialize
        
           | burnished wrote:
           | Their current assist packages are already incredible even
           | though they come short of full self driving.
           | 
           | EDIT: In case my point isn't clear, if your position is
           | predicated on the idea that anything less than full self
           | driving is worthless garbage, you should know that is a
           | pretty hot take. If you are instead having an emotional
           | reaction and feel deceived I don't know what to tell you, you
           | might have a very valid point but that doesn't appear to
           | figure into evaluating whether a stock is under or over
           | priced.
        
           | panick21 wrote:
           | Nonsense. Go look at some of the models by different analyst.
           | Even if you include no software revenue at all, you can
           | justify a much higher stock price then you suggest. Some
           | never include anything for FSD in the first place.
           | 
           | And even if they don't reach FSD, they could still generate a
           | lot of software revenue from Autopilot features.
           | 
           | And beyond that Tesla still does more then final assembly of
           | EV and selling them to dealerships.
        
         | 6gvONxR4sf7o wrote:
         | As I understand it, they just started selling the "fsd capable"
         | stuff a few years ago. Are any of those cars nearing end of
         | life? That would be an even greater cause for concern IMO.
        
           | burnished wrote:
           | I'd be surprised, I've heard (and can not immediately
           | substantiate) that they are generally very reliable vehicles.
           | I guess part of it is that they just don't have as many
           | mechanical points of failure.
        
           | dragontamer wrote:
           | Its not "end of life" vehicles that should be concerned, but
           | instead "end of lease" vehicles.
           | 
           | People who bought a 3-year or 5-year lease from 2016 with the
           | $5k full-self driving package probably should feel pissed for
           | wasting money.
        
             | mostdataisnice wrote:
             | Also, I don't think we actually know what the end-of-life
             | of Tesla vehicles is. They've not been mass produced for
             | long enough.
        
               | scrose wrote:
               | I'm guessing end-of-life for a Tesla is whenever they
               | decide they will not replace your battery.
        
             | jsight wrote:
             | To be fair, a lot of people right now would willingly pay
             | $5k for the features that are available now, especially if
             | they spend a lot of time on long highway trips.
        
               | chipotle_coyote wrote:
               | The price keeps going up, though: if you bought it right
               | now, it wouldn't be $5K, it'd be $10K. It's possible
               | Tesla's driver assistance systems are better than
               | anything else on the market in their current incarnation,
               | but that's getting to be a pretty big ask.
        
         | minhazm wrote:
         | Google took a completely different approach and relies heavily
         | on pre-mapped environments. Tesla has several orders of
         | magnitude more vehicles, more data, and a more diverse set of
         | data given their cars are in many different countries. It's not
         | implausible to think that Tesla could arrive at FSD faster than
         | Google.
        
           | alphabetting wrote:
           | I'd contend Waymo has more data but data isn't really the
           | hurdle. It's AI/ML and simulation needed to get the final 1%
           | right.
           | 
           | Good thread on ground Tesla would need to make up to catch AV
           | leaders here.
           | https://twitter.com/Christiano92/status/1428671634131628033
        
           | diegocg wrote:
           | The idea that data will somehow magically translate into FSD
           | is laughable. It relies in the delusion that we just need to
           | train neural networks with the proper data and then we all
           | can go to sleep.
           | 
           | There are many issues with Tesla's autopilot that are
           | completely unrelated to the amount of data they have, and
           | they will not be fixed with more data, and having more data
           | will not make it easier to fix it. At this point, I would
           | argue that the discussion about who owns more millions of
           | miles of data is completely irrelevant.
        
             | _coveredInBees wrote:
             | It isn't laughable at all. The real problem of FSD is the
             | ridiculous long-tail of scenarios in the real-world that
             | you simply cannot account for or manage well. At this
             | point, Tesla has a huge upper hand because every vehicle in
             | their fleet can constantly collect and provide new semi-
             | labelled training data every time there is a user
             | disengagement or an unforeseen action taken by the driver.
             | 
             | Tesla has built out amazing infrastructure to capture
             | extensive amounts of "hard" examples from their fleet, turn
             | them around into labeled data for training very efficiently
             | and then utilizing simulations to further broaden the
             | distribution of such quirky long-tail events in their
             | training-set. In the absence of AGI, this is a very
             | effective "brute-force" approach and they have a huge upper
             | hand over every other player in this space.
             | 
             | I say all of this even though I am very skeptical that
             | anyone will achieve L5 self-driving with where the state of
             | things are today. But Karpathy and team are very pragmatic
             | and making lots of good decisions coupled with excellent
             | engineering and infrastructure development.
        
           | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
           | Tesla relies on geographic whitelists to suppress problematic
           | signals from their radar. Not what I'd want from an FSD
           | machine.
        
           | staticassertion wrote:
           | I can't really see how Tesla would have more data than
           | Google, who have been mapping the entire world for decades.
        
             | minsc__and__boo wrote:
             | Similarly, Waymo stopped a bulk of their live testing and
             | switched to simulation _because_ they had so much data.
        
           | mdoms wrote:
           | > It's not implausible to think that Tesla could arrive at
           | FSD faster than Google.
           | 
           | It absolutely is implausible.
        
           | thereare5lights wrote:
           | > pre-mapped environments
           | 
           | this raises the question of: what happens when those
           | environments change?
        
         | sandworm101 wrote:
         | >> who were hoodwinked into purchasing FSD.
         | 
         | Fools and their money. Like most every expensive car, Teslas
         | are luxury vehicles and fashion statements. People buy them
         | because they are cool. That product was delivered. As for
         | future features, nobody should believe Telsa's advertising any
         | more than we do Microsoft's advertising about how the next
         | version of Windows will solve all our computing problems. The
         | hamburger never looks as good as it does in the commercial.
         | Demanding such things post-purchase, after the test drive
         | demonstrates the deficiencies of the real product, is simply
         | buyers remorse.
        
           | nullc wrote:
           | I believe the person you're responding to was referring to
           | specifically to the add-on pre-order for full self driving,
           | not the entire car.
        
             | sandworm101 wrote:
             | As was I. Consumers had an opportunity to test drive the
             | wanted feature and find it lacking, or read reviews of the
             | same. Tesla hid nothing. If customers want to spend money
             | on hope for the future then that is their right. They paid
             | for hope and that is what they got.
        
               | somebehemoth wrote:
               | > Tesla hid nothing.
               | 
               | They deceptively claimed that for additional money the
               | customers' cars would be enhanced in the future with FSD.
               | They then made that claim again each time they failed to
               | deliver. They continue to make this claim and people are
               | trusting it.
               | 
               | A lie hides the truth.
        
               | mdoms wrote:
               | They haven't even released the feature yet.
        
               | legolas2412 wrote:
               | > Tesla hid nothing.
               | 
               | But they lied a lot though, right? "Cross county automous
               | summon in 2017" "Coast to coast autonomous drive in 2018"
               | "Tesla driverless taxis in 2019" are a few examples. One
               | may hold the view that Elon musk can make grandiose
               | statements about solving AGI and nuclear fusion in 1 hour
               | and make futuristic statements about that, but when does
               | it go from projection to lying?
        
           | coding123 wrote:
           | That hamburger sure TASTES better than it does in the
           | commercial.
        
             | tibbydudeza wrote:
             | But then the hamburgers used to make food ads are made from
             | plastic and most definitely fake as food goes soggy and off
             | when subjected to lamps used in studio's.
        
           | argc wrote:
           | I'm pretty sure the USA has consumer protection laws against
           | deceptive advertising, so a company can't just say whatever
           | they want when selling a product in order to convince someone
           | to buy it. Maybe Tesla protected themselves with clauses in
           | the purchase contracts that absolves them from having to pay
           | the purchaser back in the event of their own failure to
           | deliver, but I think a FSD purchaser might have a case just
           | based on Elon's verbal promises that have failed to come true
           | over and over again.
        
         | leesec wrote:
         | "If Google can't do it with its massive resources and sensors
         | don't ever expect a Tesla to perform better than this."
         | 
         | 10 years ago this might have read:
         | 
         | "If General Motors can't do it with its massive resources and
         | sensors don't ever expect a Tesla to perform better than this."
        
           | dragonwriter wrote:
           | General Motors is offering unpaid but fully driverless rides
           | in California now. They, like Waymo, are ahead of Tesla, and
           | likely to remain there.
           | 
           | Tesla's unique strength, when it comes to autonomy as opposed
           | to battery-electric vehicles, is selling hype.
        
           | ancientworldnow wrote:
           | Of course this ignores that super cruise is considered safer
           | and better on the same tasks that it's allowed to do as Tesla
           | FSD by third party analysts. The difference is GM is less
           | willing to allow it to be enabled for dangerous beta driving
           | unlike Tesla which clearly doesn't care about consistency or
           | safety.
        
             | leesec wrote:
             | I meant 10 years ago people might have assumed if GM can't
             | make the electric car work than Tesla can't either, and yet
             | here we are.
        
               | samfisher83 wrote:
               | The ev1 was a pretty good car for it's time. It had a lot
               | of fans. Battery tech got better. An electric car is
               | theoretically much simpler than an ice car.
        
             | InTheArena wrote:
             | And when you look into thoose reports - the only reason
             | they rank Super Cruise higher is because it can only be
             | used on a very limited number of roads, and uses a camera
             | to detect awareness.
             | 
             | FSD uses a camera, and works on all roads - and is
             | dramatically better then supercruise.
             | 
             | source - test drove both, bought the tesla because of how
             | impressed I was with supercruise.
        
               | leesec wrote:
               | Don't know why you're downvoted this is 100% accurate.
        
         | ElFitz wrote:
         | While I do get your point and have my own doubts, I fail to see
         | how this is a fair argument:
         | 
         | > If Google can't do it with its massive resources
         | 
         | The companies behind the SLS had and have an enormous amount of
         | resources. Yet, they have failed to even launch it.
         | 
         | Arianespace has a huge amount of resources and experience too.
         | Yet, when asked, they said landing a rocket couldn't be done.
         | Then, back-pedalling, that it was pointless and would never
         | make any economic sense.
         | 
         | Yet, SpaceX has developed three generations of rockets (Falcon
         | 1, 9 and heavy), builds them, launches them, iterates on them,
         | lands them, reuses them, and is now working on a fourth rocket
         | (SuperHeavy).
         | 
         | They have also created 4 different rocket engines and are
         | working on two others.
         | 
         | Honestly, where are Boeing and Arianespace?
         | 
         | Another example? Microsoft, their incredible wealth of
         | resources and superior position falling flat on their face with
         | smartphones.
         | 
         | Funnily enough, Google getting the greatest share of the global
         | smartphone OS market, despite having had no real experience
         | with operating systems, consumer hardware, or licensing
         | operating systems before.
         | 
         | Kodak, which had some of the first patent on digital camera
         | sensors, going pretty much extinct despite their massive
         | resources and market position.
         | 
         | Xerox, failing to ever enter the personal computer market
         | despite designing what everyone else would copy for the next 10
         | or 20 years.
         | 
         | Sure, the amounts of resources and experience seem to help, a
         | lot, but it also certainly doesn't seem to help reliably
         | predict any outcome.
        
           | ctvo wrote:
           | > Yet, SpaceX has developed three generations of rockets
           | (Falcon 1, 9 and heavy), builds them, launches them, iterates
           | on them, lands them, reuses them, and is now working on a
           | fourth rocket (SuperHeavy).
           | 
           | What does SpaceX have to do with Tesla? They're owned by a
           | billionaire with his attention split, but otherwise are
           | structured differently, are in different industries, and most
           | likely have different cultures.
           | 
           | The cult of worshipping a single person has got to stop.
        
             | ElFitz wrote:
             | You will notice that I expand my point way beyond SpaceX,
             | and even start by stating
             | 
             | > While I do get your point and have my own doubts [...]
        
             | Infinitesimus wrote:
             | The parent's point is less about Elon and more about the
             | fact fact all the resources in the world means nothing if
             | you do not have the right team, culture and incentives to
             | pull it off.
        
           | diegocg wrote:
           | The problem with your comparison is that the company that is
           | "the spacex of FSD" is Waymo. And even them can not get FSD
           | right.
        
             | ElFitz wrote:
             | Who would be Boeing then?
             | 
             | Because almost no company has much more serious experience
             | with self-driving cars, let alone FSD.
        
             | dnautics wrote:
             | Isn't comma.ai the SpaceX of fsd?
        
               | magicalist wrote:
               | > _Isn 't comma.ai the SpaceX of fsd?_
               | 
               | Astra, maybe?
               | 
               | Difficult analogy because the barrier to entry's a lot
               | lower for car mods vs orbital rocketry kits :)
        
         | Wheaties466 wrote:
         | while it is disappointing that the true FSD may never
         | materialize on cars that paid for it nearing EOL. The FSD beta
         | 9 looks pretty impressive and from some videos i've seen have
         | made some very difficult driving decisions.
        
         | blueblisters wrote:
         | Google is struggling to get hardware integrated with their self
         | driving solution. Retrofitting cars with self-driving sensors
         | is not easy, and Google does not have the scale yet to convince
         | OEM partners to retool assembly lines for the Waymo fleet.
        
           | ra7 wrote:
           | Source for them struggling? All the hardware upfitting is
           | done by Magna, one of the biggest names in auto
           | manufacturing, who are also a Waymo investor. There's a
           | reason they chose the Jaguar I-Pace which is also
           | manufactured by Magna.
        
       | bitsoda wrote:
       | I'm happy for their efforts and hope my kids never have to drive
       | unless they want to, but I still think we're 20+ years out from
       | level 4+ autonomy. Maybe when Waymo tests in a city that has
       | weather -- like anywhere in the Northeast -- I'll be more
       | enthusiastic.
        
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