[HN Gopher] The role of high-skilled foreign labor in startup pe...
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       The role of high-skilled foreign labor in startup performance
        
       Author : Bostonian
       Score  : 77 points
       Date   : 2021-08-23 15:00 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (papers.ssrn.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (papers.ssrn.com)
        
       | vsskanth wrote:
       | How did they account for H1B transfers which don't go through the
       | annual numerical limit ?
        
       | orange_joe wrote:
       | This paper seems to suffer from selection bias, as the examine
       | the a large universe of VC backed companies. Not all VC companies
       | can afford H1-B employees and this implies that only better
       | funded companies are more likely to succeed. There's a vast
       | difference in amount of funding a VC backed startup can raise, so
       | it doesn't really make sense to compare a company that raised
       | 100K through YC and a pre-IPO unicorn. The paper didn't seem to
       | control for this when I looked through the first few pages.
        
         | shalmanese wrote:
         | The paper uses the H1B lottery process as the randomization so
         | there's no selection bias. All the companies studied applied
         | for H1B employees, just some got approval and others got
         | rejected at random by the lottery.
         | 
         | > In our sample of VC-backed startups, we observe that winning
         | more H-1B visa lotteries enhances startup performance.
         | Specifically, a one-standard-deviation increase in the
         | likelihood of winning an H-1B visa lottery increases the number
         | of VC financing rounds in the three years after the lottery by
         | 7.1%, the number of patents filed by 6.2%, the number of claims
         | per patent by 9.7%, and the likelihood of an IPO by 8.8%.
        
         | rightbyte wrote:
         | Ye the authors are taking correlation for causality big time.
         | It is just a bad paper, judging from the abstract.
        
           | bjornsing wrote:
           | What? This is one of few papers I've ever seen (on this kind)
           | that can make a causal claim. The visa lottery essentially
           | makes it a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), the gold
           | standard of science.
        
             | wins32767 wrote:
             | It's randomly controlled within startups that apply to
             | sponsor visas. That implies some level of initial success
             | since visa sponsorship is a huge pain in the ass.
        
           | thunkshift1 wrote:
           | Did you read the paper or just the abstract?
        
       | Bostonian wrote:
       | paper available at
       | https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3459001
        
         | dang wrote:
         | In that case maybe we should just put that URL at the top?
         | 
         | I've changed to that from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science
         | /article/abs/pii/S03044..., which doesn't give access to the
         | paper.
        
       | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
       | Practice that reduces wages for labor makes business more
       | profitable.
       | 
       | That is an entirely different question than if that is better on
       | the whole for society.
        
         | darth_avocado wrote:
         | I know there is a substantial pool of companies that uses the
         | "consulting" formula and brings in cheap H1B labor, but H1B is
         | a very broad Umbrella that also includes very highly skilled
         | workers (with PhDs), doctors, etc.
         | 
         | I'm a hiring manager in one of the big tech companies and let
         | me tell you, H1B labor is NOT cheap. We not only have to pay
         | them market rates, but a lot of foreign nationals with
         | specialized skills are getting paid more than market average
         | (it's part of the process that DOL enforces to make sure we
         | don't abuse H1B). I think the study references "startups", so
         | there is a chance that it is biased, but within that bias,
         | accurate.
        
           | treyfitty wrote:
           | Look at credit card or marginalized finance departments. They
           | get around the "we must pay market rates for H1B" by
           | depressing the wages for the rest of their employees, thereby
           | justifying the "market rate." - AmEx - Mastercard - JPMorgan
           | - Citi
           | 
           | H1B Labor might not be cheap if you're truly innovating, but
           | let me tell you- there's a reason why credit card companies
           | pay so little across the board, and it's no coincidence that
           | they rely heavily on H1B labor.
        
           | walshemj wrote:
           | But most are not theirs a difference between a transplant
           | surgeon with a PHD and some one whos ground out a CS degree
           | and memorized a lot of leet code.
        
           | sg47 wrote:
           | But you get to retain them for longer since the switching
           | cost is high.
        
         | linksnapzz wrote:
         | An entirely different question that HN would prefer not be
         | asked...
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Please don't post unsubstantive comments here. HN has
           | discussed this question frequently and at length for many
           | years.
           | 
           | (Often not very well, but this is the internet, and that's a
           | different issue.)
        
           | commandlinefan wrote:
           | I've spent the entirety of my 30-year programming career
           | working with mostly (> 90%) foreign labor. The "skills" in
           | question (that I have as well)... don't seem _that_ hard to
           | acquire. Yet I believe the employers when they say they
           | literally can 't find Americans who have them. Either I'm
           | seriously underestimating how hard it is to acquire said
           | skills (and by extension undervaluing myself, by a lot), or
           | there's something else going on.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | kesselvon wrote:
             | H1B labor isn't mobile, so you can underpay and treat them
             | how you like.
             | 
             | It's like when manufacturing complains about labor and
             | skill shortages but the wages are terrible. When you need
             | labor and can't find it, lots of times its just that
             | employers aren't meeting the market rate for said labor.
             | Hence their desire to get it on the cheap via importation
             | or outsourcing.
        
               | darth_avocado wrote:
               | That is actually not true. SOME H1B labor isn't mobile
               | (mostly people outsourcing firms), but people on H1B
               | change jobs whenever they like. At least that's the norm
               | in tech industry.
        
               | sg47 wrote:
               | That's not at all true. People on H1B cannot change jobs
               | easily. They have to go through the visa transfer process
               | and hope nothing goes wrong with the process. They have
               | to make sure their current employer does not get wind of
               | the job change and doesn't fire them during the transfer
               | process. They have to ensure that the new employer can
               | process their green card application. Lots of nuances
               | involved. It's a serious source of stress for a lot of
               | highly skilled H1B engineers
        
             | vsskanth wrote:
             | My guess - Americans with relevant skills already have jobs
             | they like and are in high demand, and the ones who can up
             | skill into programming positions are probably working all
             | the time just to survive.
             | 
             | Foreign workers usually already have a relevant degree or
             | experience (knowing atleast the basics) and don't have as
             | much student debt.
        
             | frozenport wrote:
             | >> with mostly (> 90%) foreign labor
             | 
             | This number is too high, even if you include 1st and 2nd
             | generation immigrants who have greencards/citizenship. Did
             | you work for a company that underpaid its employees by only
             | hiring foreigners?
        
               | commandlinefan wrote:
               | Ten in a row, apparently.
        
       | black_13 wrote:
       | Think about how badly cotton plantations needed chattel slavery.
        
       | danbmil99 wrote:
       | I suspect more than compensation, another strong Factor would be
       | the difficulty or possibly the cultural tendency not to change
       | jobs as often with an H-1B.
        
         | nickff wrote:
         | There are probably many differences between H1B and US Citizen
         | employees; I doubt that anyone would be able to disentangle all
         | of them.
        
       | vsskanth wrote:
       | Wish I could read the paper without having to make an account
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Bostonian wrote:
         | The SSRN link I posted lets you open the pdf even when browsing
         | incognito.
        
           | vsskanth wrote:
           | Didn't work in kiwi browser but worked in Firefox Mobile for
           | me. Thanks.
        
       | vsskanth wrote:
       | Points to a bigger problem. Imagine how many startups simply
       | don't come into existence because the founders are stuck on life
       | long H1B visas.
       | 
       | Or many times the founders simply can't even make it into the US
       | even though they have much needed skills.
       | 
       | Skilled immigration into the US is much harder and way more
       | uncertain than other nations. Massive amounts of paperwork (so
       | much that you need a lawyer), lotteries, long wait times and in
       | the end highly dependent on whichever immigration officer sees
       | your application.
        
         | akomtu wrote:
         | I know it's going to be unpopular here, but can those H1Bs go
         | to the southern border, claim asylum and get fasttracked to GC
         | without questions asked?
        
           | ptudan wrote:
           | I don't think claiming asylum and no questions asked go hand
           | in hand. There are many forms and approvals.
        
         | secondaryacct wrote:
         | Yeah it's so weird - Im French, I emigrated to Hong Kong with
         | literally no effort and will be permanent soon, I know I could
         | go to Singapore, Taiwan, maybe Japan with ease and a good
         | sponsor, or China with difficulty with a very good sponsor.
         | 
         | I think Canada is an english test away, Australia should be not
         | too hard.
         | 
         | The US: just the whole thing stresses me. I d rather stay in
         | Hong Kong forever than move to the US with all their weird
         | paperwork, conditions etc. They dont want me, I wont insist :D
        
           | triceratops wrote:
           | > I think Canada is an english test away
           | 
           | Or French test.
        
             | belval wrote:
             | It's actually better if you have both because of the point
             | system. If the author has both + is considered skilled
             | labor it should be pretty easy to get in.
        
           | bserge wrote:
           | So, you haven't even looked at the requirements. The US ain't
           | easy to get to, but it's no China. Easier than Australia,
           | actually.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | whoisburbansky wrote:
             | If you're French, sure, easy enough.
        
           | [deleted]
        
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       (page generated 2021-08-23 23:01 UTC)