[HN Gopher] The world needs a proper investigation into how Covi...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The world needs a proper investigation into how Covid-19 started
        
       Author : antognini
       Score  : 80 points
       Date   : 2021-08-22 06:55 UTC (16 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.economist.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.economist.com)
        
       | zpeti wrote:
       | Things like this usually come down to incentives. And right now I
       | don't see how almost any major power's leaders have any incentive
       | to push an investigation forwards.
       | 
       | We are too dependent on China to piss them off, and so far
       | experience shows we are much more likely to follow their demands
       | than follow our own (Hollywood, NBA, Hong Kong, blizzard, albeit
       | only one of those is geopolitical).
        
         | dkdk8283 wrote:
         | All the more reason to piss them off and ween off our addiction
         | to disposable junk and sweatshop priced labor.
         | 
         | Given the impact to the world we all should be asking difficult
         | questions.
        
           | tomp wrote:
           | This is a reasonable argument and will be exactly as
           | effective as presenting a reasonable argument to an addict
           | is.
        
             | adflux wrote:
             | Love this comment
        
             | partsKnown wrote:
             | In this case it really is not effective though. There is no
             | drop in replacement for China.
             | 
             | A slow transition would be impossible so it's really all or
             | nothing in the short term.
        
           | switch007 wrote:
           | You mean capitalists' addiction to profit. Double my wage,
           | I'll buy made in the UK/EU much more often.
        
             | eurasiantiger wrote:
             | We can double your wage, but you first need to buy made in
             | EU and stop buying cheap crap you don't actually need.
        
               | imiric wrote:
               | The issue is not so much with frivolous consumerism as it
               | is with cheap crap flooding the market, taking over
               | certain product categories altogether. If you're in the
               | market for any kind of electronics, toys, small tools,
               | etc., chances are your only option is to buy a variation
               | of the same cheap mass produced crap with a different
               | temporary or nonexistent brand and thousands of fake
               | 5-star reviews. Even searching for name brands you run
               | the risk of getting a counterfeit. The system is rigged
               | to the point where quality, and thus more expensive,
               | brands simply can't compete.
               | 
               | The change needs to start on the manufacturer and
               | retailer side. Stop prioritizing cost savings from cheap
               | Chinese factories and start building locally and in
               | factories that prioritize quality and respect human labor
               | and the environment. As a consumer I'd happily pay for
               | that overhead if that option was available and was given
               | a fair chance to compete.
        
               | switch007 wrote:
               | Ok we're obviously making stupid black and white
               | arguments. But it's patently true in many companies there
               | is plenty of profit to be reduced and redistributed as
               | wages (also exec comp)
        
               | eurasiantiger wrote:
               | You know you can't have both that and stonks, right?
        
             | lottin wrote:
             | If wages doubled in the UK/EU everything made in the UK/EU
             | would instantly also become more expensive.
        
               | switch007 wrote:
               | If wages were halved would everything instantly halve in
               | price?
        
               | lottin wrote:
               | No, I don't think, because wages aren't the only
               | production cost.
        
               | aww_dang wrote:
               | Unless those wage increases were the result of
               | productivity increases.
        
         | beloch wrote:
         | It's important to realize that the world's dependence on China
         | is actually _interdependence_.
         | 
         | People fear what might happen if China suddenly blocked all
         | exports to their country, and rightly so. China is a country
         | where the government wields _that_ kind of totalitarian power.
         | However, this hasn 't happened even _once_ yet. The Chinese
         | government knows that, once they play that particular card on
         | one nation, every other nation in the world is going to freak
         | out, stop talking about diversifying away from Chinese
         | manufacturing, and actually _do_ it.
         | 
         | The world absolutely should press the Chinese government to
         | behave in an open and responsible manner on COVID and on many
         | other fronts. China will respond with their usual hostage-
         | taking and "wolf warrior" diplomacy, but it's a sham backed by
         | thin air. China needs the world as its customers even more than
         | the world needs cheap Chinese manufacturing. If the world's
         | governments are willing to show a little solidarity then much
         | can be accomplished.
        
           | 411111111111111 wrote:
           | i wouldnt _too_ sure about that. Most of the things that
           | china imports have super low ramp up time, so a planned
           | exodus is significantly easier for them.
           | 
           | It's unlikely to happen in the short term but it's entirely
           | possible in a decade or two if nothing significant changes in
           | the meantime.
        
           | davidjytang wrote:
           | Very true. Nations depends on China's cheap manufacturing as
           | China depends on other nations' order.
        
           | tubs wrote:
           | The US went a step further and not only blocked exports from
           | their own country but pressured other entities to do the
           | same.
        
           | redis_mlc wrote:
           | > It's important to realize that the world's dependence on
           | China is actually interdependence.
           | 
           | Nonsense, the CCP sees other nations as tributary nations.
           | 
           | > However, this hasn't happened even once yet
           | 
           | Man, get a clue:
           | 
           | - The CCP has embargoed most Australian food imports to China
           | for a year for demanding a corona investigation
           | 
           | - The CCP has coerced several South American nations that
           | needed corona vaccines into toeing the CCP line
           | 
           | - The CCP has threatened the US by cutting off rare earths.
           | 
           | - The CCP has denied capital exports since 2016
           | 
           | The CCP is nothing but threats.
        
         | bilvar wrote:
         | Are we just going to brush off the US's involvement in funding
         | WIV? And how even Fauci tried to cover that up? China is not
         | the sole one to blame.
        
           | eurasiantiger wrote:
           | Well, if we are going to play the game where covert research
           | implicates overt funding that specifically hinges on the
           | funds not being used on such covert research (gain-of-
           | function studies), we will definitely be barking up the wrong
           | tree.
        
             | bilvar wrote:
             | If there was no foul play why the fuss to cover it up then?
        
               | notacoward wrote:
               | That's a circular argument. You're using the assumption
               | of foul play to characterize the response as a cover-up,
               | and the putative existence of a cover-up as evidence of
               | foul play. Be better.
        
               | bilvar wrote:
               | I think it's undeniable now that the US did fund reaserch
               | in the WIV, why do I need further evidence for that when
               | Fauci himself has admitted so?
               | 
               | The cover-up was Daszak and co. pre-emptively denouncing
               | lab leak theories as an attack on science and branding
               | them as crazy conspiracies.
               | 
               | The only remaining thing to determine is whether the
               | funding went into gain-of-function research, which Fauci
               | vehemently denies but given his track record of lying
               | it's only natural to be hesitant in believing him. I'm
               | far from an expert but according to the BBC[1] there do
               | exist experts who believe Fauci not admitting it is just
               | relying on semantics.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/57932699
        
           | aww_dang wrote:
           | As long as we are discussing potential incentives, it seems
           | reasonable to have a modicum of curiosity concerning the
           | incentives for a biosecurity state.
           | 
           | Simply blaming one state actor over another appears as a set
           | of false alternatives. A convenient distraction which
           | inspires tribalism and identity.
           | 
           | CBDC, "verified digital identities" and a host of other
           | dystopian solutions grow into rationalized necessities from
           | the germ of the COVID crisis. We need not look very far to
           | see many of the same actors involved have advocated for these
           | dystopian innovations for years, if not decades. If some of
           | those actors hosted a simulated coronavirus pandemic exercise
           | in October of 2019, is it appropriate to dismiss it as a mere
           | coincidence?
           | 
           | At a certain point you have to concede the probability of a
           | duck being the source of the waddling and quacking.
        
         | syshum wrote:
         | >>We are too dependent on China to piss them off,
         | 
         | That seems to be a problem... No?
         | 
         | Maybe we should be pushing our political and business leaders
         | to fix that. If a nation.. openly hostile to our interests is
         | able to cause a worldwide pandemic that no one can investigate
         | because it might upset that nations feefee's. That imo is much
         | bigger problem than the pandemic itself
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > a nation.. openly hostile to our interests
           | 
           | What interests of ours is China openly hostile to?
        
           | makomk wrote:
           | Part of the problem is that the entire mainstream media
           | narrative of the pandemic was warped by using it to get Trump
           | out of office, which lead to downplaying how important
           | China's actions were. In particular, I remember a lot of the
           | press harping on about how the Obama administration wrote a
           | pandemic plan and how much better everything would've gone if
           | Trump followed it... except the plan wasn't exactly as
           | described by the media. The most important thing, according
           | to the document, was something none of the media coverage
           | mentioned - it wasn't mask wearing, or lockdowns, or
           | vaccinations or anything they talked about, it was actually
           | getting accurate information from the country where the
           | pandemic started. It hammered away on the fact that every
           | other part of the pandemic response fundamentally relied on
           | that information, there was no way to do without it, and if
           | the pandemic started in a developing country without the
           | staff to gather it the US should deploy their own mission
           | there to get it. There was no advice on what to do if the
           | country was a near-peer of the US which refused to release
           | that info for internal political reasons. An accurate
           | description of that document would've put a lot more of the
           | blame on China, and that just wouldn't do politically.
        
           | partsKnown wrote:
           | Cheap goods for everyone in the world at the expense of
           | Chinese slave labor, sounds like a deal too good to pass up.
        
       | ghyiihdruh wrote:
       | No, it doesn't.
       | 
       | It will only fuel anti-science sentiment all over the world and
       | put scientists under scrutiny and attacks.
       | 
       | We need more science, not more science attacks.
       | 
       | It will also vindicate Trump like anti-scientists just when we
       | need more science to tackle climate change, inequality, gender
       | gap, and yes, search for viruses with pandemic risk due to human
       | encroachment on wild life so we can be ready for them.
       | 
       | Any sort of lab leak confirmation will basically destroy the
       | science of virology just when we need it most.
       | 
       | Just look at what Fukushima did to nuclear energy acceptance. Now
       | more people die of coal burning radioactivity than ever died
       | because of nuclear energy one. Do we really want to do the same
       | with virology and molecular engineering, which are life saving
       | sciences?
        
         | IAmGraydon wrote:
         | Wow. This is perhaps the most foolish reply I've seen on HN in
         | months. Yes, let's just bury our heads in the sand so we can
         | learn nothing from our mistakes. Unbelievable.
        
         | ramblerman wrote:
         | Seeking objective truth is precisely scientific.
         | 
         | Science doesn't care if the result could be construed to be pro
         | or anti Trump. You are speaking about science as if it is
         | religion.
        
           | ghyiihdruh wrote:
           | Scientists need to consider the political impact of their
           | findings. If it will only be used to bring harm in the world
           | it's irresponsible to share it.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | ramblerman wrote:
             | Placing what you morally or politically desire to be true
             | over the objective truth is religious dogma.
             | 
             | You argument is exactly the same one the Church used to
             | prevent Copernicus's idea that the earth rotated around the
             | sun.
        
             | luckylion wrote:
             | Should judges do the same?
        
         | chucke wrote:
         | So, covering up science fuck ups is legimitate because it
         | protects science, and we need science to promote other agendas
         | to promote other dodgy agendas which are scientifically still
         | unproven or unprovable (I don't know how science can even
         | explain gender gap...)?
        
           | blitzar wrote:
           | Possibly the scariest thing I see at the moment; 'we can't
           | say/do that as it will give fuel to the _anti-vaxers_ '.
           | 
           | Antivaxers will just make shit up - properly exploring the
           | science is not strengthening their argument, refusing to do
           | so is strengthening their argument.
        
             | xupybd wrote:
             | I'm pro vax. I think this vaccine is worth the risk but
             | this is the highest risk vaccine we've had in a long time
             | and that part of the equation is getting swept under the
             | rug.
        
         | quetzlbazaar wrote:
         | What probability do you give to the virus having escaped from a
         | lab? If you were confident that this was not the case and that
         | a proper investigation would show this, would you feel
         | differently about whether there should be a proper
         | investigation or not?
        
         | sullyj3 wrote:
         | I hate to be be the one to tell you this, (just kidding, I get
         | a little sadistic thrill out of it) but if you think the best
         | way to defend science is to shy away from searching for truth,
         | you may possibly have missed the entire point of the
         | enterprise.
        
       | daavidhauser wrote:
       | why does the world need a proper investigation into that?
       | Sometimes it seems to me that it's just because we want someone
       | to blame. Not because it would actually help anyone.
        
         | asplake wrote:
         | Slightly torn on this. Surely it would be good to understand it
         | better so that it might be recognised earlier next time.
         | However the world's mostly shambolic response is probably the
         | better focus for inquiry. Can't help feeling that the former
         | issue is being used as a smokescreen for the latter.
        
           | blitzar wrote:
           | > Can't help feeling that the former issue is being used as a
           | smokescreen for the latter.
           | 
           | It certainly looks that way. Given pandemics are a naturally
           | occuring event, the origin of the event itself doesnt excuse
           | the breakdowns in government, policy and to a certain extent
           | personal human behaviour. It is not promisiong as there were
           | precedents and plans in place, but we learnt nothing from
           | inquiries into past pandemics.
           | 
           | Every person probably needs to have their own personal
           | inquiry, no matter which side; 'its jsut the flu' to 'this is
           | the end of humanity' and everywhere in between.
        
         | ramblerman wrote:
         | If we are looking for patient zero I agree, it's not relevant
         | to place blame.
         | 
         | If this thing leaked from a lab, of course we would want to
         | know! There can be lessons learned to prevent this in the
         | future, and if the chinese government knew and covered it up,
         | the world should definitely hold them accountable.
        
         | zpeti wrote:
         | If there aren't ever any consequences to making huge mistakes
         | that kill millions of people, what are the incentives in the
         | future to not do it again?
         | 
         | The CCP knowingly hid information about infections. This whole
         | thing could have been contained in China with the right
         | information at the right time. If it was a lab accident that
         | could be avoided in the future too with better protocols.
         | 
         | I'm baffled that after millions have died some people just
         | think we should let this go. Would you let it go if the us
         | government accidentally killed millions of people in a nuke
         | test or a chemical spill or any other accident of the same
         | magnitude?
        
           | notacoward wrote:
           | The problem is that even with an investigation there will be
           | no consequences. For one thing, too much evidence has already
           | been lost. Whether that is deliberate or due to mere passage
           | of time doesn't matter; either way, we'll barely be more
           | certain after an investigation than before. For another, even
           | if we were absolutely certain, geopolitical concerns would
           | preclude any real repercussions. Again, whether that's
           | realpolitik or corruption/collusion doesn't matter; either
           | way, anyone who does get punished will surely be a scapegoat
           | while the real culprits walk free.
           | 
           | The only thing an investigation at this point will do is
           | waste time and money and divert experts from more useful
           | tasks (like finding the next potentially catastrophic
           | pathogen). I believe that demands for one should be
           | considered purely performative. The only thing they achieve
           | is to declare allegiance to one group and drum up
           | discrimination against another.
        
           | copperx wrote:
           | Let go of what? It's pretty much impossible to prove COVID
           | was an accidental lab leak, unless there's a huge smoking
           | gun. Even if there was a proof, what would be the point of
           | revenge? Did any country take revenge for Chernobyl?
        
             | epicureanideal wrote:
             | It seems like COVID has caused much more global damage than
             | Chernobyl. The USSR also suffered a high percentage of the
             | total damage, whereas China has suffered somewhat
             | proportionally but not say 80-90% of the total damage.
        
             | eurasiantiger wrote:
             | You are right; in light of available circumstantial
             | evidence such as the instatement of an army bioweapons
             | commander in WIV and the deletion of their sample database,
             | it would seem much more likely that it was an _intentional_
             | lab leak.
        
           | yorwba wrote:
           | > The CCP knowingly hid information about infections. This
           | whole thing could have been contained in China with the right
           | information at the right time.
           | 
           | Plenty of CCP members have already been punished for their
           | failure to contain the virus.
           | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/11/china-fires-
           | tw...
           | 
           | Maybe they weren't really the ones responsible. But if
           | someone is powerful enough to avoid the CCP-internal
           | punishment and have others take the blame, they're not going
           | to let themselves be inconvenienced by foreign investigators.
        
         | bilvar wrote:
         | Because if it's human negligence or malfeasance that created
         | the virus it should be studied on so that we can take better
         | measures in the future. I'd argue that in the latter
         | possibility the people responsible should also be tried for
         | crimes against humanity, both for justice and as a disincentive
         | for future bad actors.
        
         | albertopv wrote:
         | Because if there was a lab issue, a violation of international
         | rules, e.g. chinese labs west funding could be cut off.
        
         | White_Wolf wrote:
         | Because a specific category of people want to blame either
         | China or Russia for anything without any proof.
         | 
         | In this particular case there were reports that the virus was
         | present in Spain and Italy before China. They seem to ignore
         | that and keep screeching that CHina is to blame.
         | 
         | Edit: added source: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-
         | coronavirus-spain-...
        
           | read_if_gay_ wrote:
           | Source?
        
           | another_story wrote:
           | Reports by whom? I've seen nothing of those reports.
        
           | alau1218 wrote:
           | This is just blatant fake news. We all know the virus first
           | appeared in Wuhan China and then spread to the world. Please
           | state you source before saying such an obvious lie.
        
             | White_Wolf wrote:
             | https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-
             | spain-...
        
               | tluyben2 wrote:
               | Did they redo the tests as requested by the Dutch (and
               | other teams) as all the news only points to the original
               | findings and then nothing. So maybe it was a false
               | positive? Or contaminated sample?
               | 
               | The problem with this, if it were true, is that it will
               | be very difficult to explain why there were not a lot of
               | cases of misdiagnosed respiratory diseases in 2019 as we
               | do know now that it is very contagious and what the
               | symptoms are; they were not reported and definitely not
               | on any scale.
               | 
               | We know it was in Wuhan well before January 2020 so that
               | other sample from that month in Spain or other places
               | would not be strange. A year earlier of course would be.
        
           | redis_mlc wrote:
           | > Because a specific category of people want to blame either
           | China or Russia for anything without any proof.
           | 
           | That's not what's happening. There is no direct proof
           | available outside China, but there's at least 20 items of
           | indirect proof that COVID-19 came from one of the WIV lab
           | locations (there's 2 locations.)
           | 
           | I followed the euro sewage findings at the time.
           | 
           | Two possible explanations are:
           | 
           | 1) lab error
           | 
           | 2) participants went to the Military Games in Wuhan in Oct,
           | 2019 and got sick. They probably brought it back to their
           | home countries. The participants said, "Wuhan looked like a
           | ghost town." so Wuhan was already in some kind of lockdown.
           | 
           | For those who want to research this further:
           | 
           | - find out the dates of the "hospitals are full" satellite
           | photos (around Sept, 2019)
           | 
           | - find out the dates of the Military Games (around Oct, 2019)
           | 
           | - the first reported fatality was Dec. 1, 2019.
           | 
           | AMA.
        
         | bertil wrote:
         | I'm not a biologist but as I understand, viruses very rarely go
         | from being common in one species to another. It has to do with
         | mutation and how you want many hosts with high viral load to
         | stumble on an effective change.
         | 
         | There are cases where someone close to animals might get it, a
         | farmer typically, but it rarely becomes transmissible between
         | humans -- not unless it mutated first and for that it would
         | need to be endemic among farmers. When we observe cases among
         | relatives of the farmers who are not exposed, that's when we
         | panic. Swine flu and bird flu would fall in that case: there
         | had been many cases among farmers, for decades, and they
         | learned to dismiss them (making cases harder to track). When
         | relatives got sick, epidemiology authorities were suddenly a
         | lot more worried, to the puzzlement of farmers who had been
         | sick prior.
         | 
         | More so, viruses are endemic in bats (who have notoriously poor
         | immunity) but most of them can't be transmitted to an animal
         | with high immunity, like humans; not without going through
         | mutation and selection through another animal with a more
         | selective immunity, hence the idea of an intermediary host. The
         | pangolin was suggested for a while, if you remember. There was
         | a lot of talk about which animal, but what those stories didn't
         | really clarify is the "the" in "the pangolin": whether
         | virologists were expected:
         | 
         | 1. widespread infection among pangolins living together; the
         | meaning the species -- but then we would have noticed entire
         | groups being sick; or
         | 
         | 2. if one single animal was infected by a bat, and someone was
         | unlucky enough to be host to a human-compatible mutation (very
         | unlikely) and then that human was host to another mutation that
         | made it human-to-human-transmissible (also unlikely).
         | 
         | A lot of the early debate on Covid was surprised at how it
         | seemed to have skipped that middle step, or how we couldn't
         | find it. If you are more familiar with physics, that's a bit
         | like saying you saw the tunnel effect at the human scale. Sure,
         | we know it's possible in theory, but... so unlikely, we would
         | probably need to change the science to account for it anyway.
         | Physicists would naturally side with whomever is trying to
         | debunk the observation. That's how science works: the burden of
         | the proof is on who is making an unlikely claim given current
         | model. The natural history explanation of Covid is possible,
         | but extremely unlikely given "species barrier".
         | 
         | Once again: I'm not a biologist, but a lot of the scenario that
         | would make that possible would change our approach to
         | epidemiology:
         | 
         | 1. if the virus was undetected among humans close to bats for a
         | while, and mutated to become transmissible, we'd need to think
         | of monitoring asymptomatic humans;
         | 
         | 2. if the virus was present and undetected in an intermediary
         | species, that's more likely but still very worrisome and would
         | require significant changes to veterinary practices;
         | 
         | 3. if there was a genetic manipulation towards gain of
         | function, the political consequences would be a shit-show but
         | it would preserve our understanding of how frequently and
         | consistently viruses mutate.
         | 
         | In that particular case, the instinct of scientists was split,
         | between people who see the gains-of-function research valuable
         | and those who defend the model -- which is why there isn't a
         | clear view of what "scientists" think. However, don't let that
         | disagreement confuse you: clarifying what happened _will_ have
         | scientific impact, be it ban a controversial approach, or
         | change our understanding of inter-species viral transmission.
        
           | AbortedLaunch wrote:
           | But cross species transmission is known for quite a lot of
           | pathogens. Ebola is a recent example. Asserting it is so
           | unlikely as to be dismissed out of hand doesn't match
           | knowledge in the field.
        
             | bertil wrote:
             | It happens, especially between closely related species, in
             | both genetic and physical proximity, like monkeys and
             | humans, but it's rarer between further apart groups. More
             | importantly, it follows patterns (first a few opportunistic
             | infections, then more common ones, then transmission
             | between new hosts) that were not observed with Sars-Cov-2.
             | Hemorrhagic fevers were occasionally described among
             | bushmeat hunters before Ebola became endemic. There were
             | effort to discourage the practice precisely because of a
             | fear of future contamination beyond that small group.
             | 
             | I'm not dismissing that it happen --I can't imagine you've
             | read anything like that in my comment-- but the natural
             | origin theory changes our understanding of how fast it can
             | happen.
        
       | jgb1984 wrote:
       | I mean, isn't it yet obvious where it came from? 1 + 1 = ? We're
       | just too interwoven with that human rights violating, genocidal
       | communist dictatorship to speak up about it.
        
         | White_Wolf wrote:
         | I think the earliest sample found of C19 was in Barcelona in
         | march 2019(If I remember this well).
         | 
         | 1+1=? I would say that you either want to blame someone in
         | particular or Spain is a genocidal communist dictatorship.
        
           | syshum wrote:
           | Of course you you have a source for that right. All official
           | sources I can find say the virus is traced to October or
           | November 2019 origination on china with first cases in Spain
           | from January 2020
        
             | blitzar wrote:
             | https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-
             | spain-...
             | 
             | Coronavirus traces found in March 2019 sewage sample,
             | Spanish study shows
        
               | syshum wrote:
               | The actual researchers do not make this claim. That is
               | just another example of senesaional propaganda wrapped in
               | a vener of journalism
               | 
               | Their is a high probability it is a false positive as the
               | gnome is very similar to mother infection
        
               | blitzar wrote:
               | Then they ran tests on samples taken between January 2018
               | and December 2019 and found the presence of the virus
               | genome in one of them, collected on March 12, 2019.
               | 
               | "The levels of SARS-CoV-2 were low but were positive,"
               | research leader Albert Bosch was quoted as saying by the
               | university.
               | 
               |  _quote must have been taken out of context for
               | propaganda purposes_
        
               | syshum wrote:
               | From comments, and look at the actual study [1]
               | 
               | I have 4 Points
               | 
               | 1. No additional verification has been found since,
               | leading to the probability that it was a false positive
               | 
               | 2. The researches final paper and subsequent research
               | only talks about finding indicators after Jan 2020
               | 
               | 3. The original March 2019 only had 2 of 5 indicators,
               | and seemed to be a data anomaly we should not be writing
               | sensationalist news stories on data anomalies
               | 
               | 4. No other samples from 2019 seem to have the same
               | abnormal results... Given what we know about COVID it is
               | unlikely that is appeared in March 2019, then disappeared
               | only to reappear again in Jan 2020...
               | 
               | Covid-19 Started in Wuhan, I know you desperately want to
               | believe it did not start in China, likely do not your
               | political basis but there is literately zero evidence to
               | claim it did not start in China
               | 
               | [1]https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.13.201
               | 29627v...
        
               | blitzar wrote:
               | > The actual researchers do not make this claim.
               | 
               | Directly from the study you have referenced that is the
               | topic of discussion here [1].
               | 
               | "All samples came out to be negative for the presence of
               | SARS-CoV-2 genomes with the exception of March 12, 2019,
               | in which both IP2 and IP4 target assays were positive.
               | This striking finding indicates circulation of the virus
               | in Barcelona long before the report of any COVID-19 case
               | worldwide."
               | 
               | As for your assumption of my personal beliefs. You could
               | not be more wrong, nevertheless, I am responding to your
               | statements which are directly refuted by the information
               | you yourself have provided.
               | 
               | First, the study didnt exist, then the text didnt say
               | what it did say, then it did say what it said, but they
               | didnt mean it. One by one your comments have been, well
               | baffling to say the least. What exactly is your agenda?
               | What are your political biases? Its like having a real
               | life conversation with Tucker Carlson.
               | 
               | It is 100% (99.99999%) established that it originated in
               | China, but to deny basic facts, basic logic, basic
               | everything in pursuit of, well I dont know what you are
               | trying to prove? You can hate China as much as me and not
               | just make shit up, there is adequete evidence without
               | going all fox news on random people on the internet.
        
               | eurasiantiger wrote:
               | Funny they only find it now and not earlier. Do the
               | researchers or the university happen to have a
               | significant connection to China?
        
               | blitzar wrote:
               | If by _now_ you mean June 2020, then yes it is funny.
               | 
               | Could very well be false positives, probably is, could be
               | that researchers were carrying out instructions from
               | their 5g chips. Posted in response to people stating
               | categorically that the parent comment made up a fact that
               | does not exist and it was impossible to source, nothing
               | more.
        
             | niea_11 wrote:
             | I think @White_Wolf is talking about a study [0] done in
             | 2020 by the university of Barcelona. But at the time the
             | study was still in peer review phase.
             | 
             |  _The discovery of virus genome presence so early in Spain,
             | if confirmed, would imply the disease may have appeared
             | much earlier than the scientific community thought._
             | 
             |  _There was the potential for a false positive due to the
             | virus' similarities with other respiratory infections._
             | 
             |  _The research has been submitted for a peer review._
             | 
             | [0]: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-
             | spain-...
        
       | suzzer99 wrote:
       | Determining how Covid started would be extremely important imo if
       | there was a chance its release was intentional. But every
       | virologist take I've read suggests that the virus does not look
       | man-made. Nor would it seem that covid's effects and behavior
       | could have possibly been known to any usable degree without the
       | worldwide experiment that we've all been part of the last year
       | and a half. And finally it's really hard to come up with an
       | incentive for intentional release - assuming the suspect is China
       | and not some Bond villain madman.
       | 
       | So we're left with determining if this was a possible accidental
       | release. Which I agree is important. It's just orders of
       | magnitude less important than determining the source of an
       | intentional release, imo. If China accidentally released this,
       | they screwed themselves, very hard. If it was an accidental
       | release, and they know it, one would assume they have a strong
       | incentive to clean up protocols in the future. If the U.S. had
       | accidentally released something like this, they'd certainly try
       | to cover it up, but also try to make sure it never happens again.
        
         | dannyw wrote:
         | If China accidentally released this then the world deserves to
         | know what happened so all labs in the world can learn from it.
        
           | Fricken wrote:
           | We know lots about lab leaks, there have been 1000s of
           | compromising incidents over the years. Each one is a lottery
           | ticket. The winning lottery ticket doesn't really teach us
           | anything that we can't learn from the losing tickets.
        
           | pvaldes wrote:
           | > If China accidentally released this then the world deserves
           | to know what happened
           | 
           | "China" didn't accidentally released anything, and is easy to
           | see why. The group of scientists that were working in Wuhan
           | (some Chinese, other not) don't represent the government or
           | the entire country. How they could?
           | 
           | Would be so absurd as to claim that "US" or "Italy" released
           | accidentally covid-19 because a few scientists from US or
           | Italy worked in the same project. The reason to use the words
           | in this way and to use the mass media to fix this wrong idea
           | in the people is 100% political and should be a red flag
           | about the real purpose of this (gain leverage with post-
           | truth, instead to find the truth).
           | 
           | The problem is that post-truth could mes enough to bury the
           | truth forever, and all actors are interested into saving face
           | and sneaking their own version.
        
         | harshreality wrote:
         | If it was an intentional release, obviously that's a completely
         | different class of problem. That would be an act of war against
         | the rest of the world, using a weapon of mass destruction, in
         | addition to the collateral suffering of China's own population.
         | Only very fringe groups are suggesting this was intentionally
         | leaked to begin with. However, there's still the problem of
         | Wuhan air travel lockdown. What possible reason was there not
         | to lock down international travel from Wuhan when they locked
         | down domestic travel, other than to ensure China wouldn't be
         | alone in suffering the fallout? That alone is dangerously close
         | to an act of war, even if the initial release was accidental.
         | _Or even if it was completely natural in origin... it really
         | doesn 't matter where it came from, that decision alone is a
         | serious problem_.
         | 
         | An accidental release is still the host country's
         | responsibility, though. If that's what happened, it's important
         | to understand how it happened to reduce the chance of it ever
         | happening again. Such a conclusion would also lead to
         | international demands for compensation which could put a damper
         | on China's political and economic aspirations.
         | 
         | You have blinders on if "every virologist take [you've] read
         | suggests that the virus does not look man-made." You probably
         | formed this opinion prior to spring 2021. Before that,
         | "trusted" authorities were all declaring that a lab leak was
         | virtually impossible. Things have changed dramatically, with
         | disclosure of some of Fauci's emails and a bunch of virologists
         | now backtracking, saying they're either unsure or think the lab
         | leak hypothesis is more likely.
         | 
         | Email from a virus researcher at Scripps to Fauci, early on
         | (2020/01/31), suggested in a preliminary assessment that small
         | portions (probably the portion of the spike protein everyone's
         | concerned with) look potentially engineered:
         | 
         | https://nypost.com/2021/06/02/fauci-was-warned-that-covid-ma...
         | 
         | wsj and nyt (2021/06): Not specifically by virologists, but two
         | of the more mainstream articles suggest it was a lab leak, and
         | cite evolving opinions of virologists:
         | 
         | https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/25/opinion/coronavirus-lab.h...
         | 
         | https://archive.is/d9Gaz
        
           | zozbot234 wrote:
           | Lab leak does not imply "man made" at all. Chinese virology
           | labs are quite far from safe and stuff leaks out all the
           | time. There's a whole lot of circumstantial evidence that
           | this virus came from a bat to begin with and was not
           | _created_ in the lab.
        
             | harshreality wrote:
             | I don't know what you mean by "man made" or "created". The
             | origin of the vast majority of the genome of SARS-CoV-2 was
             | a bat virus. If that makes it automatically natural in your
             | view, you're correct by definition, but only because your
             | definition of natural includes most modifications that
             | could have been done in a lab.
             | 
             | Directed evolution in a lab (e.g. serial passage in
             | humanized mice, or even captive bats) would be one thing.
             | Would you consider that "man made" or "created", or is it
             | natural?
             | 
             | Small genome sequence edits for experimental purposes would
             | be another type of modification. Would you consider that
             | "man made" or "created", or still natural?
             | 
             | Full genetic synthesis base pair by base pair is more
             | difficult (longer sequences become much more difficult),
             | but as I understand it is technologically possible...
             | barely. If someone takes the genome from a natural virus
             | genome sequence and synthesizes it that way in a lab,
             | possibly with minor edits, would that be "man-made" or
             | "created", or still natural?
        
       | davidjytang wrote:
       | Some comments are trying so hard to convince people NOT to have
       | proper investigation.
        
       | peakaboo wrote:
       | To find out where it came from, you have to look at conspiracy
       | theories to be honest. There is nothing in the mainstream media
       | even remotely true about its origins.
        
       | cblconfederate wrote:
       | Why? What would that change, apart from distracting everyone into
       | another giant anti-china campaign? Would we solve covid if we
       | knew how it came to be synthesized?
        
         | ramblerman wrote:
         | Can you imagine saying, we don't care what happened at
         | chernobyl because it's anti russian.
         | 
         | Where does this weird narrative come from? The idea that
         | properly investigating an event that completely shook the world
         | to its core is somehow "insensitive".
         | 
         | I mean, let's just not investigate anything where we might not
         | like the answer... Is that really a legitimate strategy in your
         | mind.
        
           | cblconfederate wrote:
           | there was already an investigation, and it's pretty clear
           | that any further investigation would involve threats to
           | china. It's not about 'sensitivity'. We can just assume that
           | the virus was leaked from the lab, unless the chinese prove
           | otherwise. What does that change?
        
         | IAmGraydon wrote:
         | I remember when HN was full of intelligent, well thought out
         | discourse. More and more lately, we've been seeing people like
         | the poster I'm replying to. I hope the mods get it under
         | control.
         | 
         | What would it change? How about knowledge that could help
         | prevent a future pandemic and the deaths of millions of people?
         | Why do I even have to make this statement?
        
         | syshum wrote:
         | I bet if their was a chance that a US lab leaked the virus you
         | would not be wanting to just let is go
        
         | read_if_gay_ wrote:
         | For one, we could take action to help prevent another Covid
         | from happening.
         | 
         | It's really not that hard to see how it could be useful to know
         | about the origins of Covid. Really tired of people making it
         | about racism (or whatever) against China. And I say that as a
         | Chinese person.
        
           | luckylion wrote:
           | How would we make sure another Covid couldn't happen if we
           | knew that this one stems from a lab and was intentionally
           | released? Do we ban the creation and release of highly
           | contagious bio-weapons? We already have, haven't we?
           | 
           | Do we start a nuclear war to make sure China is no more and
           | therefore _they_ can 't do it again (but anyone else could)?
           | 
           | I'm not suggesting there's no use in finding out how it came
           | to be, but unless it was some guy eating a bat and we can all
           | agree on not doing that anymore and create a bat police to
           | enforce that, I don't see how knowing who did it would
           | prevent anyone else from doing it.
        
             | read_if_gay_ wrote:
             | > How would we make sure another Covid couldn't happen
             | 
             | I don't know, I'm not an expert. But clearly, having more
             | information is strictly better than not having it.
             | 
             | So let me flip the question around and ask why should we
             | _not_ investigate?
        
               | luckylion wrote:
               | Potentially for the same reason you'll usually have far-
               | reaching amnesties after civil wars etc, if you want
               | freedom going forward.
               | 
               | Doing an investigation to find "the real truth", which
               | from what I gather in most threads here would be
               | essentially "where did it come from and why was it the
               | Wuhan lab that intentionally released it?", wouldn't
               | really get us anywhere.
               | 
               | None of the large powers would cooperate if they felt
               | threatened and there's nothing to win unless we believe
               | that we automatically get a perfect cure if only we find
               | the GPS coordinates where patient zero got infected.
               | Would it? I don't think so.
               | 
               | I also believe that there's nothing we can do to stop
               | another similar event by knowing where it came from.
               | What's more relevant is how it spread so quickly around
               | the globe, and as far as I understand, we have a pretty
               | good understanding of that and it's mainly international
               | air-plane travel. I don't think we'll see a lasting
               | change in that regard, but maybe we will, and we will
               | have fever-checks before boarding planes or non-regional
               | trains.
        
               | read_if_gay_ wrote:
               | > Doing an investigation to find "the real truth", which
               | from what I gather in most threads here would be
               | essentially "where did it come from and why was it the
               | Wuhan lab that intentionally released it?", wouldn't
               | really get us anywhere.
               | 
               | We shouldn't be conflating the result from a professional
               | investigation with the prevalent popular opinion.
               | 
               | > I also believe that there's nothing we can do to stop
               | another similar event by knowing where it came from.
               | 
               | Your viewpoint kind of hinges on this point and you
               | haven't really supported it yet besides making the
               | assertion. Why would we gain _absolutely nothing_ from
               | having more information about its origin, with respect to
               | either dealing with current or future COVIDs? That
               | conclusion seems very nonobvious to me.
        
         | radu_floricica wrote:
         | I would actually like to know exactly why I had to stay locked
         | in my house for a couple of months while nice military men were
         | out on the streets with big guns.
         | 
         | You might make a case that it would actually help, or not. I
         | don't know. I don't particularly care, not next to the huge
         | magnitude of wanting the tiniest bit of truth and justice.
        
           | syshum wrote:
           | >>would actually like to know exactly why I had to stay
           | locked in my house for a couple of months while nice military
           | men were out on the streets with big guns.
           | 
           | Well even if it was a lab leak. A response to a pandemic with
           | totalitarian lock down using the military is something you
           | need to address with your government
           | 
           | That is NOT a proper response to a illness for any nation
           | claiming to value individual rights and individual liberty
        
             | eurasiantiger wrote:
             | What would be a proper response? ;)
        
               | syshum wrote:
               | Just about anything short of that?
               | 
               | First and foremost I am opposed to any use of the
               | military on the citizens of their own nation. That in
               | itself IMO should be considered off limits. A nations
               | military has the primary purpose to eliminate or destroy
               | the nations enemies, if the military is being used on the
               | citizens that means the citizens have become the enemy...
        
         | guilhas wrote:
         | China or USA? Clearly the Wuhan lab received USA grants to work
         | on coronavirus
        
       | officialjunk wrote:
       | we need to solve the pandemic problem first
        
       | Clewza313 wrote:
       | https://archive.is/2aP1f
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | darawk wrote:
       | Honestly though, do we? Why?
       | 
       | It almost certainly wasn't man made and intentional. That's the
       | only case we really need to know the origin story for, and I
       | don't think anyone serious thinks that is plausible.
       | 
       | Otherwise, the worst case is that it was a lab accident of some
       | kind. It'd be fun to point and blame China for it and all, but is
       | it something we really _need_?
        
         | redis_mlc wrote:
         | Everything you said is not only false, it's deliberately
         | evasive.
         | 
         | There's around a 90% chance it was intentionally modified and
         | escaped one of the WIV labs (mice with humanized lungs were
         | used for testing.) Even the moronic head of WHO, who's a
         | doctor, admitted a couple of months ago that "obviously labs
         | leak."
         | 
         | See my post above for more early details.
         | 
         | There's nothing wrong with blaming China, especially since
         | they've been uncooperative with any investigation, and fed WHO
         | false information until today (the previous WHO visitors to
         | Wuhan were given a report by the CCP to use.) In fact, it's
         | certain they're working on the next corona variant since that's
         | the job of the WIV labs.
         | 
         | Is the problem on HN that only a few people know the timeline
         | and facts, or are you folks wilfully blind? I'm genuinely
         | curious how after 18 months posts like the above are still
         | written.
        
         | ramblerman wrote:
         | The problem with the boeing 737 MAX was also not intentional.
         | 
         | Unless you would argue we shouldn't investigate that either,
         | why do you make a distinction here?
        
           | blitzar wrote:
           | Boeing has been fined $2.5bn by the US justice department
           | after being charged with fraud and conspiracy in connection
           | with two fatal crashes of its 737 Max airliner.
           | 
           | Sounds like the DOJ found intention in there.
        
         | sushikokk wrote:
         | Yes.like air crash investigations, to avoid it happening again.
        
         | philliphaydon wrote:
         | We don't know if it was man made or not, or intentional or not.
         | 
         | There's a lot of conflicting evidence. What we do know is the
         | ccp is blocking any sort of investigation into the origin and
         | possible cause. They began trying to sweep it under the rug
         | just like SARS.
         | 
         | The downside of all this is that the people of China suffer,
         | when it's not china that's to blame. It's the ccp.
        
       | chalcolithic wrote:
       | The world needs a proper investigation into how the pandemic was
       | handled way more than this. Viruses will come again as they
       | always have done and mounting a less disastrous response would be
       | really nice.
        
       | underwater wrote:
       | If you want to chase a conspiracy that actually matters, go find
       | out who is pushing the narrative that COVID is fake and vaccines
       | are dangerous. _That_ conspiracy is literally killing thousands
       | of people.
        
         | xupybd wrote:
         | So the a conspiracy that causes people to respond poorly to the
         | threat is worse than the conspiracy that released the threat
         | into the world in the first place?
        
         | ramblerman wrote:
         | Why not both? Two things can matter at the same time.
         | 
         | If covid did leak from a lab, accidentally, but there was a
         | cover up, that's also worth exploring no?
         | 
         | It feels like you are choosing because of political
         | motivations.
        
           | loopz wrote:
           | Both would be best.
           | 
           | Swindlers and liars need to be exposed, and held outside of
           | politics. It's not ok to stand in front of hundreds of
           | millions of people and lie right in their faces. We've seen
           | how such mental assaults ended before.
        
           | ryandrake wrote:
           | Why does the origin story matter, outside of political
           | motivations? If we knew 100% how it came into being, what
           | specific information does that give us that helps the world
           | eradicate it, or deal with future pandemics?
           | 
           | The whole "lab leak investigation" is a political side show
           | attempt to distract people away from the real question, which
           | is how did almost every country on earth utterly fail to
           | control the spread and avert catastrophe? Both questions are
           | fine to answer, but one of them might provide actionable
           | information for future pandemics, and the other one is purely
           | political blame-game.
        
             | helloworld11 wrote:
             | Are you kidding? Of course the origin story of COVID
             | matters, enormously. Knowing where a virus originated and
             | whether it leaked from a lab accident or came to us through
             | a natural cross-over is enormously important for clinical
             | reasons and in the case of this vast global pandemic, for
             | simple historical reasons of firmly establishing what
             | happened and how right down to the first sequence of
             | events. In no way is wanting to find that out a political
             | sideshow if you have any notion of careful research and
             | establishment of facts. People will be writing about the
             | COVID pandemic for decades to come. It's absurd that you or
             | anyone would dismiss something so basic as wanting to
             | concretely know its origin. That sort of reasoning is a
             | much more obvious example of politically motivated sideshow
             | drama.
        
         | padiyar83 wrote:
         | I don't think that's a conspiracy. Motivations there, however
         | misplaced they may be, are quite clear.
        
           | asplake wrote:
           | Groups of people deliberately creating and spreading
           | disinformation is by any sensible definition a conspiracy
        
             | luckylion wrote:
             | No, it would be a conspiracy only they conspired to do so.
             | 
             | I don't think that's the case with most of them. There are
             | a lot of movements coming from different backgrounds,
             | believing in different things that are meeting at "it's not
             | real, don't get vaccinated". The Bill-Gates-Wants-To-Kill-
             | Us-people aren't conspiring with the Big-Pharma-Wants-A-
             | Perpetual-Vaccine-Business-People, they just happen to come
             | to the same conclusion ("don't do it").
             | 
             | From what little exposure I had to them, I think they're
             | honest in their ideas. I believe they're wrong on most
             | counts, but I don't think they're sitting at home scheming
             | how to fool the masses. I'm sure there are some who seek to
             | influence public opinion by spreading false narratives, but
             | the large majority seems to just have lost pretty much all
             | trust in Western governments and looks for alternative
             | theories that explain the state of the world.
        
               | dTal wrote:
               | I think you've made a category error. We're not talking
               | about the lost schmucks who've bought into this claptrap
               | - we're talking about whose bright idea it was in the
               | first place, and who's making an effort to spread it.
               | Someone is _providing_ those  "alternative theories". You
               | dig around a little and you find dubiously funded
               | websites and media outlets pushing this stuff, as well as
               | the more unsavory elements of media we call "mainstream".
               | It's not nearly as organic as it seems, and we shouldn't
               | let the bad actors hide behind social media as the
               | scapegoat. "Astroturfing" is not new.
               | 
               | So, who benefits when Americans lose faith in their
               | government?
        
               | aww_dang wrote:
               | >So, who benefits when Americans lose faith in their
               | government?
               | 
               | The public at large if it results in more critical
               | thinking, greater liberty or accountability.
        
               | notacoward wrote:
               | Expecting such an outcome is starkly irrational. Its
               | exact opposite is _far_ more likely, as evidenced by the
               | fact that we 're already well down exactly that road to
               | exactly that destination.
        
               | dTal wrote:
               | Why on earth would it? The government is the engine of
               | social cooperation. Losing faith in it puts you on the
               | road away from civilization, not towards.
        
               | jaybrendansmith wrote:
               | Wait, I know that one. To anyone paying attention there
               | is Putin money behind much of this, just as there is
               | evidence of his involvement in Trump and Brexit. Sources:
               | https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-56423536 https:/
               | /en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_20...
               | And yes, OAN, Sinclair, and Fox News have been 'asking
               | questions' and airing voices who have definitely slowed
               | the vaccine uptake, careful to keep their own plausible
               | deniability. Source:
               | https://www.cnn.com/videos/media/2021/07/14/fox-news-
               | newsmax... These organizations, in my opinion, should be
               | held to legal and financial accountability for their
               | actions. At least, they would, in a just world.
        
               | luckylion wrote:
               | > Someone is providing those "alternative theories".
               | 
               | I'm not sure they are. I mean, sure, for some things,
               | there's likely someone somewhere making it up, but others
               | just come to live by themselves.
               | 
               | A lot of them remind me of the preppers. They also have
               | plenty of scenarios and end up in similar places on
               | practical questions. And companies around that also were
               | created or took up some of the content to market to them.
               | This might be the same here: websites trying to attract
               | these people for other reasons instead of those websites
               | being the source of the ideas.
               | 
               | Since a lot of it is happening online, I guess it should
               | theoretically be/have been visible, do you know of any
               | reports that trace it back to those who created the
               | different conspiracy theories?
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/17/covid-
               | misinfor...
        
             | notacoward wrote:
             | Do you also believe that correlation implies causation?
             | Because it's practically the same thing. A conspiracy
             | requires that people conspire, i.e. coordinate. Correlated
             | action is entirely possible without conspiracy, as is
             | evident during any traffic jam or holiday shopping rush.
        
           | blitzar wrote:
           | Bill Gates along with Soros the Rothschilds and associated
           | Jews have created a fake global pandemic. The intention is to
           | crash the global economy so they can force everyone into a
           | Socialist, Globalist mono state, flooding our country with
           | immigrants. As part of the fear they have also gotten to
           | finally enact their plan to reduce the world population by
           | sterilizing them with a vaccine that also contains 5g mind-
           | control chips, the receivers of which are the real thing that
           | are making people sick not Covid. Oh and they are going to
           | rape all the children too.
           | 
           | You dont think it counts as a conspiracy?
        
             | aww_dang wrote:
             | I think that's an odious and disgusting way to
             | mischaracterize all concerns as nonsense.
        
               | blitzar wrote:
               | If your concern is that COVID is fake and it is a jewish
               | conspiracy to inject dangerous vaccines with 5G mind
               | control chips and you want me to take it seriously; then
               | politely go fuck yourself.
               | 
               | If you have other concerns, happy to hear them, I never
               | suggested anything to the contrary, you read what you
               | wanted to read in my comment, and perhaps touched a raw
               | nerve as it overlaps with your beliefs.
        
               | aww_dang wrote:
               | I've observed this frequently on this site and elsewhere.
               | Dissent is pejoratively associated with flat-earth,
               | antisemitism and other nonsense. As a mainstream
               | narrative, it is an effective way to shut down the
               | discussion. Perhaps some might even call that a
               | disinformation conspiracy.
        
               | blitzar wrote:
               | I am not sure which is the cause and effect, brain
               | control 5G chips were the work of Bill Gates (who as far
               | as I know is not of the Jewish faith) and are outlandish
               | enough. As if to 'prove' these claims are possible and
               | indeed real, gravitas is added to the claim by saying it
               | was in conjunction with the Rothschilds and the Soros
               | Foundation. It did not require me to associate an entire
               | religion with the 'theory', it's in the theory itself, as
               | a cornerstone of supposed proof.
               | 
               | The conversation gets shut down at the retarded assertion
               | that a fake virus was invented in order to inject the
               | population of the world with a brain control device
               | operating, very specifically, on the 5G spectrum.
               | 
               | The phenomenon you are really observing is that stupid
               | people are pejoratively associated with stupid people,
               | especially when they cobble together stupid broad
               | statements like 'all the astronauts and satellites are
               | paid off by the deep state to perpetuate the lie that the
               | earth is round' or 'just ask any Jew and they will
               | confirm they were all told not to go to New York on
               | 9/11'.
        
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