[HN Gopher] Google's Secret Initiative - "Project Hug"
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       Google's Secret Initiative - "Project Hug"
        
       Author : radmuzom
       Score  : 606 points
       Date   : 2021-08-21 10:28 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (twitter.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (twitter.com)
        
       | Santosh83 wrote:
       | Cartelization is nothing unexpected. Just like governments cut
       | all sorts of deals to form geopolitical blocks, so do leading
       | companies in any industry. It's win-win for them. As for
       | "regulators", they tend to drag their feet for a long time, take
       | even longer to build a case, and after all that time, their
       | action tends to be more show than substance. I wonder why that
       | is.
       | 
       | True decentralization is impossible without drastic change in
       | human nature. We can only replace global powers with smaller,
       | regional powers, or a single power with multiple ones. Despite
       | cartelization it is better than absolute control wielded by one
       | entity.
       | 
       | Specifically w.r.t software, I can't for the life of me not
       | figure out why major nation states are not heavily investing in
       | home grown software (easier than home grown hardware), and
       | instead of placing all their eggs into a few megacorps
       | established under foreign laws and subject to control by foreign
       | govts, like Iran's software situation illustrates well.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | Sabinus wrote:
       | This is clear anti-competitive behavior. Unregulated capitalism
       | is dangerous capitalism.
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | I wish we did a better job facing this fact as adults. This is
         | the Achilles heel of Capitalism and ignoring it or making
         | excuses only hurts us all. I love Apple hardware, I love
         | Android, but I also love Capitalism and having choice. Living
         | under this economic system requires responsibility to regulate
         | these things.
        
       | gbrindisi wrote:
       | https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1428415009860714500.html
        
       | jayd16 wrote:
       | Does any of this surprise anyone? I thought the custom deals with
       | large companies was common knowledge. So were the pack in deals
       | with Gapps and Play store. What is the new info here?
        
       | lucasverra wrote:
       | That is why we need trustless / censorship resistant platforms
       | like "regular" web or the yet to be proven web 3 (led by
       | ethereum)
        
         | grishka wrote:
         | No. We just need two things:
         | 
         | - it should be illegal to lock down a device against its end
         | user
         | 
         | - governments should stop protecting companies and helping
         | prevent adversarial interoperability
        
           | encryptluks2 wrote:
           | > governments should stop protecting companies and helping
           | prevent adversarial interoperability
           | 
           | Do you realize that given our current laws in the US, that
           | this is pretty much impossible?
        
             | grishka wrote:
             | As a person from a country that's not US... Everything
             | being centralized around the US and other countries
             | basically having no sovereignty is also a huge problem.
             | 
             | When two companies collude, it's illegal. When countries do
             | the same, it's perfectly legal and is called a "trade
             | agreement" because it's them who write laws.
        
       | ThePhysicist wrote:
       | I've grown pretty pessimistic about the prospects of the Internet
       | as a motor for entrepreneurship. Today it is theoretically still
       | "free" but wherever you go you'll find gatekeepers like Google,
       | Apple, Facebook, Twitter and Microsoft that keep a tight grip on
       | who is visible on the net and who can offer a service or software
       | product on a given platform.
       | 
       | In my view, the market dominance of the big players has led to a
       | new type of hidden taxation and a "winner takes all" Internet
       | economy. Almost all digital markets require you to pass through
       | large companies to get visibility or offer your services, and
       | they get increasingly good at extracting every bit of profit you
       | make. This really needs to stop.
        
         | tomComb wrote:
         | That's why the web is so important. When the proprietary
         | platforms get the upper hand you get eg. Apple taking a 50% cut
         | off revenue in their news app.
        
         | adventured wrote:
         | It's simultaneously true that big tech is too big (and set to
         | get far bigger yet) and there is no scenario where you can
         | escape being under the influence/impact of platform owners.
         | 
         | Want to advertise? You had to go through radio stations with
         | license monopolies. Or maybe you had to go through a newspaper,
         | historically there were usually one or two that thrived per
         | city, and usually one dominant super paper in a given city (2-3
         | times larger than its smaller competitor). Or maybe you had to
         | go through one of the few big broadcast networks (ABC, CBS,
         | NBC, Fox). Just a few behemoths dominanted television.
         | 
         | Want to transport goods? Say hello to the railroad oligopoly,
         | going back more than a century now.
         | 
         | Maybe you needed a lot of vehicles for your business, circa the
         | 1950-1970s. Say hello to the GM and Ford oligopoly, your
         | dependency.
         | 
         | Maybe you wanted to buy airplanes, it's 1971 and you're
         | starting a version of Fedex. How many choices do you have? How
         | many suppliers are there in terms of dependency?
         | 
         | You want to get something on a store shelf across the country?
         | Let me introduce you to Sears, Pennys, Kmart, Woolworth, WT
         | Grant, Genesco, Allied, McCrory's, May. That's 50 years ago,
         | they owned retail.
         | 
         | The new boss, same as the old boss (today some of them are even
         | bigger, that much is true). You can't escape it. Unless you own
         | all the platforms, you will always have to go through other
         | platforms, other gate keepers. The best you can hope for is to
         | intelligently diversify your risk exposure, so it takes more
         | than one of them to cripple you.
        
           | cblconfederate wrote:
           | > maybe you had to go through a newspaper, historically there
           | were usually one or two that thrived per city, and usually
           | one dominant super paper
           | 
           | what you 're describing is NOT a monopoly, because the
           | winners were local, physical separation prevented
           | monopolization, and crucially there was more than one
           | dominant player. There is a whole new world on the internet
           | where for every verb there is one, single monopoly for the
           | entire world. In the end , one can look at the money flow:
           | How many people were employed in newspapers vs how many
           | people are in googleplex
        
           | amadeuspagel wrote:
           | > Want to transport goods? Say hello to the railroad
           | oligopoly, going back more than a century now.
           | 
           | And regulated as a common carrier[1].
           | 
           | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_carrier
        
         | cblconfederate wrote:
         | The endgame of entrepreneurship is monopoly, if possible. The
         | (western) internet has no physical barriers so is infinitely
         | scalable so it got monopolized very very quickly. Whether those
         | monopolies are forming a cartel to prevent new entrants is
         | another matter; it might well be the case that it is now closed
         | for new entrants. There is some innovation in things like
         | decentralized finance which are inherently orthogonal to the
         | current state. There is also the old internet which could never
         | be centralized, it's still out there but it's unmonetizeable
         | now.
         | 
         | If there is going to be competition for the big players, it
         | will come when closed markets like Russia or China develop
         | enough to threaten them. It is possible that Europe at some
         | point will also follow their example.
        
         | Sargos wrote:
         | Thankfully I think Web3 (dapps made from composable protocols
         | collaboratively developed by everyone) will form strong
         | competition and maybe even replace Google in the next 5-10
         | years. Services like social media, finance, gaming,
         | productivity, etc will all be interoperable by default
         | providing a seamless user experience and be built by millions
         | of developers around the world. Each company coding only what
         | they specialize in and being built on top of existing protocols
         | leads to massive efficiency and what looks like exponential
         | growth.
         | 
         | Tech monopolies will likely fade away over time like the early
         | industrial revolution monopolies did just at an accelerated
         | pace due to things working at internet speed. Even Google can't
         | compete with a decentralized worldwide developer network.
        
           | ozten wrote:
           | What are the more successful DAO or dapps we can study, to
           | evaluate this model?
        
             | Sargos wrote:
             | An example I find interesting and easy to explain is Pool
             | Together which is a no-loss lottery where you can buy $10
             | in lottery tickets for a chance at a $3,000 weekly prize
             | but if you don't win your tickets still work for the next
             | round and even 10 rounds from now you can withdraw your
             | full $10. It works by putting everyone's money in the same
             | account which earns ~6% interest savings account and the
             | winner actually gets the accrued interest as prize money.
             | 
             | This project was built by a team of maybe a dozen people
             | but is rather complex and needs a stablecoin (DAI from
             | MakerDAO), an interest bearing account (Compound), an
             | account system (Ethereum public/private key), and the
             | running of the protocol (the smart contacts are run free
             | for devs by Ethereum and users pay to perform actions) to
             | make the system work. All of these dependencies took other
             | teams years to build and the small Pool Together team
             | leveraged that to make a cool little product by just adding
             | a small amount on top. The ability for small teams to make
             | functional products which can then be used by others to
             | quickly spin up their own experiments and products is
             | incredibly exciting to me and it's a much better method of
             | development then the traditional closed vertically
             | integrated tech giant where innovation is limited by
             | bureaucracy.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | 6% interest paid by who?
        
               | Sargos wrote:
               | Compound is a lending protocol so people take out
               | collateralized loans out and pay an interest rate on that
               | loan which is paid to the lending pool the money is
               | deposited into.
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | Is there an example that is not related to gambling or
               | moving around money? As it doesn't seem to be very
               | productive in countries where online gambling is
               | restricted or regulated...
        
           | ThePhysicist wrote:
           | I'm pretty pessimistic about decentralized (blockchain-based)
           | apps as well, almost all projects have been overtaken by
           | speculators and fraud seems to be rampant, so I would not go
           | near any of those. There really is no need to use blockchain
           | technology to build decentralized infrastructure, most
           | Internet 1.0 protocols are decentralized & federated and none
           | of them relies on cryptocurrencies or a blockchain to
           | function. So, sorry, but for me this whole movement is BS and
           | seems more like a pyramid scheme than a real effort to build
           | something useful.
        
           | CharlesW wrote:
           | > _Even Google can 't compete with a decentralized worldwide
           | developer network._
           | 
           | Google literally built their business on a decentralized
           | worldwide developer network.
        
         | zpeti wrote:
         | I think this is just the natural evolution of any market.
         | Unfortunately it leads to this. There's not much competition in
         | the railroad market, or the telco market anymore, which used to
         | be massive spaces for innovation.
         | 
         | There are two options:
         | 
         | - We have to wait for the next technological revolution.
         | 
         | - It is simply just more costly to be an entrepreneur. It's not
         | about throwing together a website or app, it's much more costly
         | to break through the existing monopolies. While you can still
         | make a website or app yourself, I think you do need more and
         | more capital to market it.
        
           | ant6n wrote:
           | There's competition in the railroad market in the EU,because
           | they want there to be a market. In particular they mandate
           | separation of infrastructure and operation, and force rail
           | infrastructure owners to give open access to all (for a toll,
           | which has to be the same for all operators). Once you can't
           | use infrastructure as a moat, competition is much more
           | possible.
           | 
           | The US which only regulates rail safety but not the market,
           | has a bunch of local monopolies and calls that a market,
           | being in total denial that markets need to be regulated to
           | actually allow competition.
        
             | the-dude wrote:
             | Are there any indications that a market for rail is
             | actually more efficient?
        
       | beckman466 wrote:
       | > Larry Page told Steve Jobs in 2010 that "There will always be
       | places we compete, and places where we cooperate."
       | 
       | > After another meeting between Apple and Google senior
       | executives, notes showed that the execs agreed: "Our vision is
       | that we work as if we are one company."
       | 
       | > That is a damning little piece of evidence.
       | 
       | Looks like it's exactly the meritocracies Google and Apple claim
       | to be, nothing monopoly-like to be found here... /s
        
         | draw_down wrote:
         | And as we all know, everything between Google and Apple has
         | remained exactly as it was in 2010
        
       | throwaway2048 wrote:
       | We have here smoking gun evidence _that both Google and Apple
       | themselves_ see themselves as a monopoly, see them commenting
       | about how they  "essentially function as one company", yet I
       | absolutely guarantee we will get a torrent of comments denying
       | that in this thread, I am sure with a lot of smug pasting of
       | dictionary entries.
        
         | VelkaMorava wrote:
         | already happening. It's disgusting.
        
         | arkitaip wrote:
         | As always when mega corps are involved we have to at least
         | entertain the idea that their employees and agents come out in
         | full force to defend the actions of the corp. Anything else
         | would be dangerously naive.
        
       | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
       | Thu Aug 19 17:54:55 +0000 2021        1428415009860714500
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/jowens510/status/1428415192480698371/pho...
       | 
       | https://t.co/gq0m2tIVry
       | 
       | Google has a secret initiative originally called "Project Hug"
       | that offers app makers like Activision Blizzard special treatment
       | in exchange for paying the 30% fee and being quiet about it.
       | 
       | Read Twitter without a Javascript or browser:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28071491
        
       | spicybright wrote:
       | tbh, isn't it completely in google's right to do this? It's not a
       | regulated market, it's google's store.
        
         | feanaro wrote:
         | In addition what everyone else responded, even if it turns out
         | to currently be legal, it doesn't mean it _should_ be legal.
        
         | lozenge wrote:
         | That's what the lawsuit is about. "Epic's complaint alleges
         | that Google's payment restrictions on the Play Store constitute
         | a monopoly, and thus a violation of both the Sherman Act and
         | California's Cartwright Act."
        
           | LadyCailin wrote:
           | Maybe google should move to one year exclusivity on the apps
           | in their App Store?
        
         | seniorivn wrote:
         | > Larry Page told Steve Jobs in 2010 that "There will always be
         | places we compete, and places where we cooperate."
         | 
         | > After another meeting between Apple and Google senior
         | executives, notes showed that the execs agreed: "Our vision is
         | that we work as if we are one company."
         | 
         | if it will be proven in court it's a firm base for anti
         | monopoly/cartel case
        
           | samhw wrote:
           | Honestly, I don't think that's going far enough. That "our
           | vision is that we work as if we are one company" line
           | couldn't be a better basis for an antitrust case if they were
           | literally _trying to_ incriminate themselves.
        
             | sulam wrote:
             | That line, bereft of context, is being used as if the two
             | companies don't compete in many many markets. Do you really
             | think that the original context was as broad as the entire
             | company's operations? Or even the respective phone
             | ecosystems? They clearly compete with each other heavily.
        
               | luckylion wrote:
               | Maybe they aren't competing, but merely simulate
               | competition in many markets. Why isn't the app-store-tax
               | getting lower through heavy competition?
               | 
               | In many cases, it looks like there's some mutual
               | competition-simulation going. Google launches Google+ to
               | pretend Facebook isn't the only social network, Microsoft
               | launches Bing so Google can say "we don't have a monopoly
               | on search", Google finances Firefox to say the same about
               | browsers, Apple creates Apple Maps to pretend Google Maps
               | has competition etc, but they always seem to put in no
               | more than the minimum effort required.
               | 
               | Of course, they could be honestly trying to compete and
               | they just suck at doing those things their competitors do
               | really well. It just looks suspicious, and quotes like
               | that add weight to that impression.
        
               | sulam wrote:
               | Yes, all capitalism is just a big agreement to channel
               | all the assets to wealthy people. The only one not in on
               | the secret is you.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | encryptluks2 wrote:
               | Also, that line may be the only evidence... depending on
               | who said it and in what context, it is very unlikely that
               | a plaintiff would use a single instance like this as the
               | basis for their entire case.
        
       | gorwell wrote:
       | Don't Be Evil.
       | 
       | Project Hug.
       | 
       | Your antennae should go up whenever you hear phrasing like this.
        
       | kook_throwaway wrote:
       | Who redacted this in the first place, and how would it have been
       | sealed? Much of it is clearly redacted for PR reasons, and I
       | don't really understand how there could be any excuse for keeping
       | it hidden.
        
         | ocdtrekkie wrote:
         | I think the lawyers from Google got to redact what parts of the
         | filing should be available to the public. And yeah, there's no
         | trade secrets here, just clear evidence of horrible abuses.
         | Glad the judge ordered it unredacted.
         | 
         | It's not just about the public knowing: Legislators and
         | regulators aren't privy to non-public judicial information, and
         | this is key evidence that Congress needs to pass strong laws
         | that break the backs of Apple and Google.
        
       | jakecopp wrote:
       | > After another meeting between Apple and Google senior
       | executives, notes showed that the execs agreed: "Our vision is
       | that we work as if we are one company."
       | 
       | ...
       | 
       | > This unredacted graf shows that telcos get up to 25% of
       | Google's app sales to keep them from developing rival app stores
       | on the smartphones they sell and service.
       | 
       | Insane reading.
        
         | ctvo wrote:
         | The new FTC chair, Lina Khan, read this like Birdman, rubbing
         | her hands.
        
         | jimbob45 wrote:
         | That's it, right? That's the game? There's no way the DoJ
         | doesn't have a slam-dunk case with that one quote.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Andrex wrote:
         | I can see the justification for this in Android's early life.
         | Every Android phone having its own app store would have been a
         | disaster for everyone: users, developers, Google, and even
         | telcos in the long run.
         | 
         | Hard to believe, but Google Play (nee Android Market) was
         | pretty damn shabby until about 2013 or so.
        
         | dalbasal wrote:
         | >> 25% of Google's app sales to keep them from developing rival
         | app stores
         | 
         | Google also pays Apple 7 billion annually^ to be its default
         | SE. Despite Adwords' incredible profitability, Yahoo & MSFT's
         | experience as 2nd place in that market was working very hard
         | and earning $0 profits... Their Revenues @ were far lower than
         | proportional to their market share, and costs are the opposite.
         | Better to just take your share of monopoly profits than work
         | hard competing, unless you expect to win _their_ place.
         | 
         | This stuff is the norm. Maybe we should switch to being
         | surprised (delighted?) when these guys compete at all.
         | 
         | ^https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnkoetsier/2020/06/08/apple-c..
         | .
        
           | edouard-harris wrote:
           | > Google also pays Apple 7 billion annually^ to be its
           | default SE.
           | 
           | It's actually between $8-12 billion now. [1]
           | 
           | > Yahoo & MSFT's experience as 2nd place in that market was
           | working very hard and earning $0 profits.
           | 
           | This is an exaggeration though. MSFT made nearly $8 billion
           | in revenue last year from search (mostly Bing), and the
           | business has naturally high margins so it would be extremely
           | surprising if it was unprofitable on an operating basis. [2]
           | The reality is that search is so huge that it's worth
           | competing in, even if the incumbent has 30X your market
           | share.
           | 
           | [1] https://twitter.com/jowens510/status/1428416856038072321
           | 
           | [2] https://backlinko.com/bing-users
        
             | dalbasal wrote:
             | >>business' has naturally high margins
             | 
             | $8bn in revenue might not mean profitable. Google certainly
             | spend a lot more than this on search and advertising, and
             | well... software scales.
             | 
             | In any case, whether they make $1bn in profit, losses or
             | something in between... This is <1% of market _profits_.
             | Apple is making $8bn-$12bn, all profit, just on defaults.
        
       | moondistance wrote:
       | Large companies have massive governance issues. When you get that
       | large, you end up with an endless stream of people nattering on
       | to compromise values for profits. Eventually, leadership gets
       | sick of fighting or misses the impact of a big change. It's all
       | downwards from there (the next piece of garbage in the room
       | appears more quickly).
       | 
       | I think the only way out of this for companies - and governments
       | - is to build AGIs and put them in charge.
       | 
       | I realize this will sound radical today, but we are getting
       | closer and closer.
       | 
       | If we can carve a path where the AGIs see us as similar to
       | parents, and we "teach" them similar to our kids, I can see how
       | this could all work out (writing about this elsewhere).
       | 
       | My two cents.
        
       | mard wrote:
       | In 2001, Microsoft "constituted unlawful monopolization" under
       | Antitrust Act for bundling a web browser with their operating
       | system.
       | 
       | 20 years later, Apple and Google bundle not only their browsers,
       | but whole irreplaceable app stores with no legal consequences.
       | 
       | I don't know how the law sees it, but it's simply illogical from
       | the common sense standpoint.
        
         | dalbasal wrote:
         | >>I don't know how the law sees it, but it's simply illogical
         | from the common sense standpoint.
         | 
         | Let's make a point of starting here. There's room for the
         | legalistic standpoint, especially if we're trying to understand
         | legal processes... but this isn't a law forum. It's near
         | impossible to discuss antitrust usefully from a mostly-
         | legalistic perspective. The laws, precedents, legal doctrines
         | and economic doctrines they relate to are extremely patchy,
         | flimsy and often barely exist.
         | 
         | I think a core part of the problem is a weak, badly grounded
         | antitrust framework in the first place. Key definitions like
         | "monopoly" use contradictory conceptual frameworks, from
         | different eras. Generalizing from one instance to another is
         | difficult. A lot of key concepts don't have definitions at all,
         | or really wishy washy ones.
         | 
         | I think the nature of monopolies has a lot to do with this. One
         | possible definition of monopoly is an singular market entity...
         | IE not generalizable, by definition. Are courts supposed to be
         | punishing violations, or structuring markets and doing
         | industrial policy? Are they supposed to be regulating
         | monopolies, preventing them, or declaring their existence so
         | that a different set of regulations kick in? Is monopoly a
         | normal occurrence in market maturity, or market failure?
         | 
         | At some point, Peter Thiel gave away the game when he said that
         | "monopoly is the goal." If you read microeconomics basics, but
         | conceptualize it as software companies instead of a auto
         | manufacturing... you tend to think of monopoly, rather than
         | commoditization as the equilibrium point that's never quite
         | reached. Successful tech companies don't try to make money by
         | competing in a level field with lots of competitors. That's for
         | appstore app developers, salesforce plugin consultants, spotify
         | artists and such.
         | 
         | The whole premise of the tech miracle is that monopolies are
         | the bull case. How else to expect/justify/realize tech company
         | valuations.
         | 
         | Imagine pitching an investor like Thiel on your idea to spend a
         | billion dollars making youtube content for ad revenue? That's
         | all wrong. Your bull case is that you'll temporarily
         | profitable, if successful. Even if you're very profitable, its
         | temporary. There are zillions of youtubers and squillions who
         | could be. They'll copy you, or maybe your content will just get
         | stale over time. A youtube policy change could wipe you out. In
         | the turbulence of youtube's free market for online videos,
         | profits don't last at scale. To get Thiel's attention, you need
         | to go for your own monopoly.
         | 
         | "Commoditize your compliments" has long been a tech motto.
         | Well... what's the corrolorary? Monopolize your market segment.
         | 
         | Commoditize PCs. Monopolize the OS.
         | 
         | Commoditize smartphones. Monopolize the OS.
         | 
         | Monopolize consoles, Commoditize games. Platform/Content.
         | Market/Vending. Users/Advertising. Data/Advertising.
        
         | Jasper_ wrote:
         | > In 2001, Microsoft "constituted unlawful monopolization"
         | under Antitrust Act for bundling a web browser with their
         | operating system.
         | 
         | You're forgetting how that ended. Remember, the DOJ threw the
         | book at Microsoft. It was an intensely publicized trial, with
         | pretty much all the country hating Microsoft and Bill Gates.
         | Waffling over the word "ask", the infamous "knife the baby"
         | email, the Halloween documents and Embrace-Extend-Extinguish.
         | That all came out as part of the DOJ antitrust suit. It's hard
         | to remember how visceral the hate for this was. During the
         | height of that, The Simpsons decided to portray Bill Gates on
         | the show, not positively [0]. A game developer released a title
         | called "Microshaft Winblows 98" to positive reviews and very
         | good sales [1].
         | 
         | The judge makes their final verdict. Microsoft clearly stepped
         | over the line, there were no easy answers. They were too big a
         | company, the only possible remedy is to break them up. Into at
         | least two companies, but probably more; at the very least, the
         | apps and OS needed to be split up into the "Baby Bills", they
         | were going to be called.
         | 
         | Then George W. Bush comes in, guts the DOJ to a fifth of their
         | size, and basically all but tells them "never do that again,
         | please". The case quickly and silently went to appeal, where it
         | was reduced from "Microsoft needs to be broken up" into a small
         | fine [2]. And after other tragedies in the early 2000s, the
         | nation quickly forgot.
         | 
         | So, no, despite the fanfare, despite the judgement and ruling,
         | the DOJ antitrust case had very limited effect on reality. And
         | the message from above seems to be "try that again, and get
         | your budget demolished even more". That's, uh, why antitrust
         | isn't a thing anymore.
         | 
         | Except, well, it did have one effect. In the midst of
         | everything, Bill Gates was basically forced to resign and go
         | into philanthropy to clear their image, resulting in Ballmer
         | taking over. Some believe that was the true punishment for
         | Microsoft.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H27rfr59RiE [1]
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MV_SZRhWr1s [2]
         | https://www.tahoedailytribune.com/news/bush-administration-a...
        
           | GeekyBear wrote:
           | This kind of glosses over the fact that they were found
           | guilty of anticompetitive behavior in the EU.
           | 
           | They got a massive fine and were and forced to do things like
           | open up the client server protocol used between Windows
           | Domain Controllers and Windows Clients.
           | 
           | They came pretty close to being forced to open up the Office
           | document formats, but the EU backed down from that one.
        
           | macintux wrote:
           | People both inside and outside the company have also asserted
           | that Microsoft was quite gunshy, both during and after the
           | trial. It seems to have had a pretty dramatic impact on their
           | behavior.
        
         | agloeregrets wrote:
         | The law sees it as they have been paid and blackmailed to see
         | it.
         | 
         | There was a report yesterday that showed Apple's lawyers
         | threatening to pull out funding of a minority education school
         | if the state considered any sort of App store laws.
        
           | mercora wrote:
           | do you have a source available?
        
             | wayneftw wrote:
             | https://www.imore.com/apple-used-intimidation-and-lot-
             | money-...
        
           | Dracophoenix wrote:
           | Wouldn't that be Apple's prerogative? There's no reason to do
           | business in a state that's hostile to your interests or
           | pursuits. That's not blackmail anymore than the attempted
           | Hollywood boycott over Georgia's abortion laws a few years
           | ago. There are plenty of well-documented violations of
           | integrity to accuse Apple of, but using its philanthropic
           | investments as a leverage isn't one of them.
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | > I don't know how the law sees it, but it's simply illogical
         | from the common sense standpoint.
         | 
         | Regulatory capture.
        
         | alex_young wrote:
         | Not only does Apple include its own browser, it forces other
         | browsers to use Safari under the hood on iOS.
        
           | JCWasmx86 wrote:
           | Ironically this is the only thing preventing a chromium
           | monopoly with probably >90% of marketshare (Although this
           | restriction is still not that great for the user)
        
             | Xelbair wrote:
             | so if this restriction was gone, it would make everything
             | more sane for customer, while finally dealing with chromium
             | monopoly.
             | 
             | sounds like a win-win to me.
        
               | dividedbyzero wrote:
               | How would a chromium monopoly be a win (for anyone but
               | Google)?
        
               | tyingq wrote:
               | I think the poster was thinking it would make Google a
               | clear monopoly, making an anti-trust case easier to
               | pursue.
        
               | Xelbair wrote:
               | exactly this.
        
         | tpush wrote:
         | The tying claim eventually got dropped from the case, though,
         | since the govt couldn't prove that the harm to competition
         | outweighed the benefits of having a browser built in to the OS.
        
           | darkwater wrote:
           | Not in Europe though. We had a WinXP version without IE and a
           | prompt at first install to choose the desired browser
        
             | Y_Y wrote:
             | I was really excited about the "browser ballot" when that
             | judgement came through. In the end though it appeared on
             | tragically few installs. I never even saw it in the wild.
             | 
             | It was a mess for other reasons too, but it felt at the
             | time like it represented a turning tide against anti-
             | competitive behaviour in software.
        
         | intricatedetail wrote:
         | You can only explain this by corruption. I think three letter
         | agencies slept on that one...
         | 
         | Edit: Not sure why accusation of corruption is downvoted? It's
         | a very difficult crime to prove and requires resources to
         | pursue, so there is no appetite to prosecute. Big companies and
         | civil service know that. If these companies pay off developers,
         | they would have no reason to pay anyone else in their way and
         | that would unlikely result in any consequences.
        
         | woofie11 wrote:
         | Marketshare. The law sees marketshare.
         | 
         | * Google and Apple compete against each other, so there is no
         | monopoly.
         | 
         | * Microsoft had no effective competitors.
         | 
         | You don't need a monopoly for antitrust, but it sure makes for
         | a stronger case.
        
           | realusername wrote:
           | > * Google and Apple compete against each other, so there is
           | no monopoly.
           | 
           | [source needed]. The only tariff change Apple ever made was
           | ... due to a real threat of an anti-trust lawsuit. And Google
           | followed straight away.
           | 
           | I can't recall any competition between both companies, they
           | just have their own distinct market.
        
             | dividedbyzero wrote:
             | They both offer a highly integrated platform for mobile
             | computing. One offers devices as well, the other relegates
             | that part to other companies, but anyone in the market for
             | a mobile phone today effectively will pick between those
             | two options that do pretty much the same things with
             | similar UX. That totally looks like competition to me.
        
               | realusername wrote:
               | In theory I do agree, competition between both could
               | exist. In practice though it does not happen. There's
               | some pretty clear market collusion.
        
           | mmcconnell1618 wrote:
           | The law is interpreted according to different standards over
           | time. NPR has a really interesting 3 part podcast series that
           | explains how antitrust laws have been applied over time.
           | Marketshare was the significant metric at one time but more
           | recent judges have used impact/harm to consumers based on
           | price. Under recent case law, if the consumer is still able
           | to get the good cheaply, you can basically own the entire
           | market.
           | 
           | https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2019/03/20/704426033/anti.
           | ..
        
           | gunapologist99 wrote:
           | > Google and Apple compete against each other, so there is no
           | monopoly.
           | 
           | They effectively have a monopoly over their customers _from
           | other customers_ and can leverage that monopoly to control
           | their vendors.
           | 
           | And Google and Apple secretly working together as "one
           | company" literally defines trust behavior:
           | 
           | 'After another meeting between Apple and Google senior
           | executives, notes showed that the execs agreed: "Our vision
           | is that we work as if we are one company."'
        
           | throwaway2048 wrote:
           | In this very document you have Google and Apple claiming that
           | they effectively _do not compete_ in terms of app store
           | pricing policies.
        
           | TeeMassive wrote:
           | I've once worked for a large corporation that got hit hard by
           | antitrust. Think a few tens of billions of dollars. Why? A
           | seller was caught giving freebies if they bought their
           | products. That's it. That's all it took.
           | 
           | I know because due to that incident we had to follow online
           | formation every god damn month about antitrust. You don't
           | have to have a "monopoly" to trigger antitrust legislation.
           | The mere mention of "deals" or "cooperation" or
           | "understanding" in the same conversation that involves
           | competitor can be enough evidence to cause huge trouble.
        
           | smokeymorning wrote:
           | >Marketshare. The law sees marketshare.
           | 
           | As I understand it, the law sees detrimental effects on
           | consumers.
        
           | ren_engineer wrote:
           | Google and Apple have been caught colluding before on trying
           | to keep software engineer salaries low.
           | 
           | They also conveniently had the exact same app store fee for
           | years. Doesn't make much sense if they were actually
           | competing with each other
        
             | woofie11 wrote:
             | That's actually quite exactly the behavior you expect from
             | a competitive duopoly. In a duopoly, I know that if I lower
             | prices, you'll match. Operating at the Nash Equilibrium
             | isn't anticompetitive.
             | 
             | I'm not disagreeing with the conclusion -- I agree that
             | they are colluding -- but the logic isn't right.
        
               | VelkaMorava wrote:
               | I'll tell you a secret. Game theory and economics is
               | mostly voodoo wrapped up in statistical mumbo-jumbo. In
               | other words, if economists could explain what is
               | happening, why are they poor and have to go to work to
               | make living?
        
             | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
             | > have been caught colluding before on trying to keep
             | software engineer salaries low.
             | 
             | Wow they are really bad at this then. 200-400k without even
             | requiring a college degree is pretty wild. It's about what
             | my brother made as a doctor and he had an undergraduate
             | degree, medical school, an internship, a residency
             | program...
        
               | ren_engineer wrote:
               | Without the price collusion engineers might make
               | 600-800K. Not sure why you are defending a Trillion
               | dollar company illegally working with another Trillion
               | dollar company to lower worker wages. The reason software
               | engineer salaries remain high despite big tech collusion
               | is that startups not in on the deal were willing to pay
               | higher, which forces big tech to continue paying for
               | talent.
               | 
               | not sure why doctor wages are brought up, supply and
               | demand determines prices. Google and Apple tried to
               | artificially distort the labor market
        
               | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
               | I judge compensation based on what value people bring to
               | society. I look around at the world created by software
               | engineers and I'm not impressed. For every dystopian
               | nightmare being foisted upon us, you have an "engineer"
               | saying "Yes sir and what else would you like us to do to
               | them?" to their higher ups at these trillion dollar
               | companies. I'm sure hitman pays well also but I don't
               | have to root for them to get higher wages.
        
               | throwaway2048 wrote:
               | The people that are archetechting the dystopian nightmare
               | are capturing the excess value here, not sure why you
               | think that's somehow a better situation.
        
               | steelframe wrote:
               | Every former co-worker who I've talked to when they left
               | Google did so for at least a 20% bump in total comp. The
               | few Googlers I've talked to who left for Apple got equal
               | or even a little less total comp.
               | 
               | Anecdotal, but once you get some years of Big Tech
               | experience under your belt, I do think you become
               | comparatively more valuable to smaller companies.
        
           | dalbasal wrote:
           | "The Law" is pretty patchy, inconsistent and self
           | contradictory. A lot of them are old. A lot of definitions
           | are sketchy. There aren't many precedents, and the normative
           | precedent of what doesn't get prosecuted is vast and
           | confusing.
           | 
           | >> You don't need a monopoly for antitrust, but it sure makes
           | for a stronger case.
           | 
           | The realities of being a primary OS, App Store, or browser
           | vendor today are both more significant, and more well known
           | than in the 90s. They have financial consequences many times
           | greater.
           | 
           | I don't see how you can come to an intelligible concept of
           | monopoly, market power and such with a general, legal-
           | friendly theory of monopoly. The logic needs to be reversed.
           | 
           | NEW UNDERPANTS PLAN:
           | 
           | 0. Forget about proving a monopoly exists to strengthen your
           | case that X is acting as a trust.
           | 
           | 1. Use evidence that X is acting as a trust, as to make the
           | case that monopoly exists instead.
           | 
           | 2. ???
           | 
           | 3. Profit.
           | 
           | The problem is that we don't have a step 2. What happens when
           | markets mature into an monopoly dynamic? We need an answer,
           | because some have.
        
           | White_Wolf wrote:
           | They do indeed compete but doesn't Apple have a monopoly on
           | IOS with it's app store and Google on Android with PlayStore?
           | 
           | At least on Android you can install you own market if you're
           | so inclined. I have yet to find an alternative app store for
           | ios though(might be just me not knowing where to look
           | though).
           | 
           | Edit: Forgot to add that when you're talking about Apple vs G
           | I don't see it as 1 big "smartphone" market. It's 2 different
           | ones. Apple hardware running iOS vs generic hardware running
           | Android.
        
             | moogly wrote:
             | From the very Twitter thread:
             | 
             | "Our vision is that we [Apple and Google] work as if we are
             | one company."
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | Revenant-15 wrote:
           | What? Antitrust isn't solely about marketshare and having a
           | monopoly. You can behave in anticompetitive ways that break
           | antitrust laws without having a monopoly.
        
           | IncRnd wrote:
           | You should read the actual page before you comment!
           | 
           | From the article: After another meeting between Apple and
           | Google senior executives, notes showed that the execs agreed:
           | "Our vision is that we work as if we are one company."
        
             | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
             | I want to know how opulent the celebration at the
             | plaintiff's lawyer's office was when they found that.
        
               | IncRnd wrote:
               | I can't even guess. That could be a huge factor.
        
           | zarzavat wrote:
           | What is Apple's market share for tablets in the US?
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | The different is crystal clear. Microsoft was considered a
         | monopoly. You really had no good choice but Windows.
         | 
         | Apple and Google aren't. You have a choice between iOS and
         | Android, _both_ vibrant and thriving.
         | 
         | It really is that simple. And it's not just the legal but
         | common sense definition of monopoly too -- do you control the
         | market or not?
         | 
         | Now you might have _other_ criticisms of app stores, but basing
         | them on the Microsoft-monopoly-argument isn 't going to be
         | helpful or useful. You're going to need a different legal
         | foundation for that.
        
           | bobmaxup wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duopoly
        
           | titzer wrote:
           | The monopoly criterion is so outmoded. Anti-trust laws were
           | enacted to counter organizations that cornered basic things
           | like steel, railroads, power, communications, etc. 100 years
           | ago, almost everything they could imagine was a commodity
           | that was easily replaceable.
           | 
           | But app platforms are not commodities. There is considerable
           | vendor lock-in, by design. It's not like one just takes an
           | iOS app and instantly ports it over to Android when Apple's
           | terms no longer suit; there is considerable sunk cost.
           | Platforms cleave the market into captive audiences that can
           | and are abused.
           | 
           | And what to do if you are little guy who invested everything
           | in one of those two platforms and didn't have the foresight
           | to write your app in a way that it was easily ported? Well,
           | screw you.
           | 
           | So these platforms actually compete with each other to offer
           | "value adds" which are really just like traps for vendor
           | lock-in.
           | 
           | Anti-trust laws are full of flawed and antiquated reasoning
           | that is unable to deal with the realities of the 21st century
           | marketplace. And there is precious little understanding of
           | these technological issues in courts and legislatures.
        
         | newacct583 wrote:
         | > In 2001, Microsoft "constituted unlawful monopolization"
         | under Antitrust Act for bundling a web browser with their
         | operating system.
         | 
         | Microsoft got out of that, though. They barely paid a fine. I
         | don't disagree that there are antitrust concerns with all sorts
         | of big company behavior. But this is the world we live in. If
         | you want the government to regulate this stuff for you you need
         | to elect a government willing to do that (or rather, willing to
         | appoint judges willing to do that).
        
         | giantrobot wrote:
         | A sibling comment pointed out that you're wrong about the
         | Microsoft case. You're also seemingly under informed about
         | monopolies. One of the core issues in the Microsoft case was
         | that they're a _horizontal_ monopoly. Microsoft 's monopoly
         | affects all players in the market because a majority of the
         | players use Microsoft's OS. They used that leverage against
         | Netscape and many other companies.
         | 
         | Apple on the other hand has a _vertical_ monopoly, they control
         | the whole stack from hardware to software. While their
         | influence _on iPhones_ is absolute, they don 't have outsize
         | influence on other phone vendors. Also while popular iPhones
         | don't have a majority of really any phone market.
         | 
         | Antitrust considerations are different for different monopoly
         | types. Unless a company with a vertical monopoly also had a
         | market monopoly position _and_ used that position to actively
         | influence /harm other companies it's really hard to legally
         | pursue them. You can't fault a company for building their own
         | products and trying to make money from selling them. If a
         | Samsung washing machine has some cool feature when paired with
         | a Samsung dryer, just because Samsung has a monopoly on Samsung
         | appliances doesn't mean they're violating some antitrust laws.
         | 
         | If anything Google is in bigger danger of antitrust suits since
         | they have a more horizontal position in the phone market. While
         | they have token entries in the hardware market they're an OS
         | and service provider. Which is likely why they're supportive is
         | sideloading and alternate app stores, if they behaved like
         | Apple but with a horizontal monopoly the DoJ would be all over
         | them.
        
           | Dylan16807 wrote:
           | Apple and Google control almost everything. Horizontally.
        
         | jasode wrote:
         | _> In 2001, Microsoft "constituted unlawful monopolization"
         | under Antitrust Act for bundling a web browser with their
         | operating system._
         | 
         | That reductive summary is repeated but isn't accurate.
         | 
         | Microsoft didn't get in trouble for adding its own IE web
         | browser to Windows. (Software companies always add new features
         | and enhancements.)
         | 
         | The key nuance that triggered the government lawsuit was anti-
         | competitive actions such as using obscure/undocumented Windows
         | API functions to cripple Netscape and forcing computer
         | manufacturers to avoid other software when licensing
         | DOS/Windows. All of that is in the long document:
         | https://www.justice.gov/atr/us-v-microsoft-courts-findings-f...
        
           | gentleman11 wrote:
           | What about alerting users that Firefox is potentially malware
           | and that edge is safer? That seems extremely anti competitive
           | to me
        
           | hliyan wrote:
           | On a perhaps related note, I have noticed that a Google Meet
           | that consumes just over 1Mbps on Google Chrome consistently
           | consumes close to 4Mbps on Firefox. Same settings, same
           | window size, same participants. I cannot help but wonder
           | whether Chrome has implemented some standard browser feature
           | more efficiently, or whether it has special native features
           | just for Meets.
        
           | NorwegianDude wrote:
           | His point still stands, especially on iOS where other
           | browsers isn't even allowed and every browser has to be
           | basically a reskin of safari. That way others can't add
           | features or stability, forcing developers to use the app
           | store and give Apple a large cut.
           | 
           | This is much more serious that the Microsoft case.
        
             | cartoonworld wrote:
             | Firefox works fine on iOS
        
               | frumper wrote:
               | You mean safari with a custom skin
        
               | fooey wrote:
               | As the parent post says, Firefox on iOS isn't really
               | Firefox. It doesn't run Gecko, it's barely more than a
               | skin on top of Safari.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefox_for_iOS
               | 
               | https://developer.apple.com/app-
               | store/review/guidelines/#2.5...
               | 
               | > 2.5.6 Apps that browse the web must use the appropriate
               | WebKit framework and WebKit Javascript.
        
               | fingerlocks wrote:
               | How much does this really matter to the typical user? I'm
               | not using Firefox because it's JS and rendering engine
               | are significantly better than webkit. Can't really tell
               | the difference honestly. I'm still getting all the other
               | features of Firefox that actually distinguish it from
               | it's competitors. The so-called skin is more like the
               | guts from a user value perspective.
        
               | cartoonworld wrote:
               | Question to downvotes:
               | 
               | I've seen people saying in these comments often that you
               | have to use safari. I am using ff on my iOS device right
               | now, what am I missing?
        
               | fingerlocks wrote:
               | The technical reason is that a very powerful system call
               | is blocked on iOS that's required to build a custom
               | language runtime needed for a browser. This is done to
               | increase security of the device. The trade-off is that
               | the JavaScript engine and renderer must be shared by all
               | browsers on iOS.
               | 
               |  _But if you can't tell the difference, does it really
               | matter?_
        
               | cartoonworld wrote:
               | Thanks, appreciated greatly
        
             | sandworm101 wrote:
             | Different times. Today we have more alternatives. iOS users
             | have windows and hundreds of linux distros from which to
             | choose. Back in 2001 there weren't any real alternatives to
             | windows and so it was under greater scrutiny. The walled
             | garden of iOS is a choice rather than a prison. Apple can
             | get away today with things that Microsoft could not in the
             | past. Times change.
        
               | erhk wrote:
               | We should still call for breaking up bad busoness
               | practices regardles of whether something is a monopoly or
               | not. We forget that even considering a monopoly to
               | require gov intervention is a somewhat novel concept.
               | Right to repair comes to mind, especially for things like
               | tractors. Im tired of paying for products and not truly
               | owning them in the way I want to. Be it in the literal
               | sense or being locked into iOS' walled garden or
               | otherwise.
        
               | withinboredom wrote:
               | wut
        
               | grishka wrote:
               | Desktop OSes aren't alternatives to mobile ones. They
               | serve different purposes.
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | Except when they are. There were windows phones briefly.
               | And linux will run on phones. And Android laptops. Such
               | choices were not around in 2001. PC users in 2001 would
               | have killed for the number of options available to phone
               | users today.
               | 
               | The 2001 decision was comparing desktop options at a time
               | when they weren't any. Today's mobile users have plenty
               | of options, plenty of brands and OSs to choose from.
        
               | grishka wrote:
               | Windows Mobile may have had the same kernel as the
               | desktop counterpart (but I believe it was heavily
               | stripped down), but the userspace was entirely different
               | because the usage paradigm is entirely different.
               | 
               | Android is Linux under the hood. It just doesn't use any
               | of the cruft that desktop Linux usually has, like Xorg.
        
               | frumper wrote:
               | Linux wasn't a viable alternative to windows in 2001 and
               | I don't think a Linux phone would be considered a viable
               | alternative to google or iOS. There are 2 mobile OS's,
               | which admittedly is twice as many as desktop OS's in
               | 2001. As for hardware, there were a ton of options on
               | 2001, probably more major brands than what phones have
               | today, that's not even including mom and pop custom built
               | PCs.
        
               | mkotowski wrote:
               | > Back in 2001 there weren't any real alternatives to
               | windows
               | 
               | - Mac OS X Public Beta (2000)
               | 
               | - SUSE Linux 7.0 (2000)
               | 
               | - Debian 2.2 (2000)
               | 
               | - OpenBSD 2.7 (2000)
               | 
               | - Solaris 8 (2000)
               | 
               | - AmigaOS 3.9 (2000)
               | 
               | - and so on... [0]
               | 
               | Hardly "no alternatives" in my humble opinion.
               | 
               | And in office space, MS-DOS was still a thing for quite
               | some time.
               | 
               | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_operating_
               | systems#...
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | None of those had the broad software options of windows.
               | Everyday users who wanted to complete office tasks, use
               | the internet, and play games were locked into windows.
               | (The 2001 ruling also took a while and was based on
               | pre-2001 behavior by MS and likely future behavior.)
        
               | VelkaMorava wrote:
               | You FAANG apologists are funny. There is a dude
               | responding to someother person with "Nobody made people
               | buy phones with Android or iOS, so why should those
               | companies be punished for that by not allowing them to do
               | whatever they want with their platforms".
               | 
               | Well guess what, none of the alternatives to Android and
               | iOS phones have the "broad software options" or offer
               | anything that could compete with these two systems. So
               | what now?
        
             | Forge36 wrote:
             | Based on this previous case Apple isn't violating the law
             | because they also sold the hardware.
        
             | hypertele-Xii wrote:
             | Does it make a difference that Apple _is_ the hardware
             | manufacturer, whereas Microsoft just provides the OS for
             | PCs in general?
        
               | H8crilA wrote:
               | You mean Apple's monopoly position is even stronger
               | because they can put roadblocks at the hardware level? :)
        
               | overtonwhy wrote:
               | Because the whole device and experience is the product.
               | It's not just an OS.
        
               | trhway wrote:
               | yep, that was the argument against the rebates and
               | disbundling Windows from laptops.
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | The problem with that line of accusation is that Apple
               | having a monopoly on the production and maintenance of
               | Apple products isn't a very compelling threat.
               | 
               | In a more reasonable market, like smartphones or phones
               | in total, Apple just does not have a monopoly. There are
               | alternatives.
        
               | danShumway wrote:
               | Keep in mind that the words "reasonable market" and
               | "alternatives" are doing a lot of work here.
               | 
               | From the linked documents:
               | 
               | > If Android competed with iOS on app transactions, the
               | market competition would make Android apps cheaper for
               | users and attract developers to launch their apps first
               | (or even only) on Android. [...] After a meeting
               | involving senior executives of Google and Apple, notes of
               | the meeting were exchanged between the two companies. The
               | notes reflect: "Our vision is that we work as if we are
               | one company."
               | 
               | Epic's lawsuits are alleging that both Apple and Google
               | have engaged in anti-competitive behavior here, albeit
               | sometimes in different ways. Even bolder, they're
               | claiming that Google and Apple engaged cooperative anti-
               | competitive behavior that benefited both companies. What
               | consumer-ready alternatives exist for users outside of
               | Apple and Android? If a developer announces that they're
               | building a smartphone game, and that it won't work on
               | Android or iOS, do you think it's reasonably possible for
               | that developer to make money with that game?
               | 
               | Apple has massive amounts of competitive leverage over
               | the smartphone ecosystem; they control the most
               | profitable app store. And the vast majority of non-iOS
               | phones are running the Google Play Store. In that
               | context, locking down the hardware has much bigger
               | implications than it would in a truly competitive market.
               | I think the question is, do we actually have a
               | competitive smartphone market when it comes to smartphone
               | app stores and OSes?
        
               | howinteresting wrote:
               | Often the measure used for market share is not a linear
               | one but a squared one.
               | 
               | By that measure, there is very little competition in the
               | smartphone segment--it is highly concentrated and so the
               | major players (both Apple and Google) should face greater
               | antitrust scrutiny.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herfindahl%E2%80%93Hirsch
               | man...
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | Do you think the consumer would have been better off if
               | Microsoft was the hardware manufacturer too, back then?
        
               | laurent92 wrote:
               | It feels like I could find a line, to rationalize what
               | happened or not to MS or Apple.
               | 
               | But in reality, in the wake of 9/11, USA thought it was
               | more important to have extremely large companies, and it
               | let them grow.
               | 
               | (And MS' EU fine was related to not giving the API doc,
               | and perhaps using fines as a political weapon).
               | 
               | Clearly, if US applied the anti-monopoly laws, it would
               | shoot its own companies. In my opinion however, no single
               | entity should dominate, govt or enterprise, and we must
               | parcel large ones to keep competition fair, replacements
               | rolling, class mobility high, the american dream possible
               | for new entrants and more importantly, so that governance
               | of our daily life is regularly given to the next
               | generation.
        
               | skohan wrote:
               | What does pro-corporate policy have to do with 9/11?
        
               | llampx wrote:
               | It marked a shift in thinking and foreign policy
        
               | skohan wrote:
               | I don't know, it seems to me there was a continuous trend
               | in pro-corporate neoliberal policies you can trace back
               | to the 80's or mid-70's.
               | 
               | Can you give any evidence of what changed after 9/11 in
               | terms of pro-corporate policy?
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | "In the wake of 9/11" is lazy writing. Kinda like
               | businesses saying "we have crappy service, because of
               | COVID."
               | 
               | Antitrust enforcement has more to do with the party in
               | power than anything else. The Bush Administration wasn't
               | interested in suing businesses, and now the Biden
               | Administration is again.
        
               | galleywest wrote:
               | Microsoft DOES sell hardware. The Surface series anybody?
        
               | filoleg wrote:
               | It does now. The discussion isn't about Microsoft in the
               | present time, it is about Microsoft in the time when they
               | lost their anti-trust lawsuit.
        
             | adventured wrote:
             | > This is much more serious that the Microsoft case.
             | 
             | Even more so when you consider how much larger these
             | companies are set to get yet (Google will double in size
             | again within ~5-7 years). It's the Microsoft case if
             | Microsoft had been allowed to continue to build its power
             | out for another 10-15 years unchecked. In the 1990s a
             | parade of magazines ran stories about how Microsoft wanted
             | to set up a toll road on the Internet, to position itself
             | to take a bite out of all ecommerce. They were of course
             | meant to be scare stories to garner attention as Microsoft
             | wasn't close to accomplishing something like that at that
             | point.
             | 
             | And yet, here we are two decades later, Apple and Google
             | control two big Internet toll roads and are drastically
             | larger and more powerful than Microsoft was in the 1990s.
             | IBM was seven times larger than Microsoft in 1997.
             | Microsoft of the 1990s looks downright quaint by
             | comparison, an emerging big tech company playing at being
             | giant (back then there were still far larger and more
             | powerful corporations); today, Apple and Google - big tech
             | broadly - are the most powerful and largest companies.
             | Caterpillar, GE, 3M, General Dynamics, GM, Ford, Honeywell,
             | etc look like sad jokes standing next to Apple or Google.
             | 
             | Google for its part has three monopolies which have
             | amazingly been left entirely alone: search, YouTube,
             | Android. They must have signed one helluva protection deal
             | with the intelligence apparatus back when PRISM was getting
             | set up, they got a ten year get out of jail free card (it's
             | in the interests of the intelligence community to have
             | these giant intel-hoovering companies that sprawl and span
             | the globe).
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | shagie wrote:
             | If apple prevented its licensees for the iPhone to bundle
             | Safari rather than another browser... then this would be
             | more applicable.
             | 
             | However, Apple _isn 't_ extending its dominance in the
             | smart phone area (Apple has 53% market share of mobile
             | devices, Microsoft had above 90% market share for intel
             | compatible PCs https://www.justice.gov/atr/us-v-microsoft-
             | courts-findings-f... ) to its licensees for iOS.
             | 
             | Apple not forcing Samsung to bundle Safari on the Samsung
             | branded iPhones to the exclusion of Chrome.
             | 
             | Yes, Apple _isn 't_ licensing iOS to others and that's a
             | key difference. Furthermore, Apple has half of the market
             | dominance that Microsoft had in its day.
        
               | eptcyka wrote:
               | Just because they make both iOS and the iPhone doesn't
               | mean they get a pass to be anticompetitive on their
               | platform.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | They can be anticompetitive on their platform as long as
               | their platform doesn't have a lock on the market. So say,
               | if you didn't need to buy an iPhone and could buy an
               | android instead, and if that actually happened in
               | practice, Apple could reasonably argue they didn't have a
               | monopoly on the market even if they had a monopoly in
               | their own platform.
        
               | wayneftw wrote:
               | Not when their platform holds the majority of users in
               | the US and when they're colluding with the "competition".
        
               | ryan93 wrote:
               | A majority of users choose apple. but they didnt have to
        
               | CrimsonRain wrote:
               | Just like the majority of users choose to use Windows
               | back in the day? They didn't had to. Linux was always a
               | choice.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | 54% is a majority, but its not a vast majority.
               | 
               | > and when they're colluding with the "competition".
               | 
               | Unless you have evidence for that, that's just libel.
        
               | wayneftw wrote:
               | Libel? It's directly from the material referenced by the
               | tweets that we're talking about:
               | 
               | > 'After another meeting between Apple and Google senior
               | executives, notes showed that the execs agreed: "Our
               | vision is that we work as if we are one company."'
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | Which they already got busted for and had to pay fines
               | on. If you mean they are still doing it, then provide
               | evidence, don't just assert its true.
        
               | wayneftw wrote:
               | Nobody here is talking about things that Apple and Google
               | got busted for already. Everything that we're getting
               | today is new.
        
               | howinteresting wrote:
               | By the HHI, Apple absolutely has a lock on the market.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herfindahl%E2%80%93Hirsch
               | man...
               | 
               | With 53% market share, Apple alone contributes over 0.25
               | to the HHI. 0.25 for the _entire market_ is regarded as
               | highly concentrated.
        
               | sciprojguy wrote:
               | "Samsung Branded iPhones"? This can't possibly be a
               | thing.
        
               | inetknght wrote:
               | Well, not at the current model with Apple's abusive
               | position of manufacturing both the iPhone and iOS and
               | Safari.
        
           | Xelbair wrote:
           | which is basically nothing compared to google/apple of
           | today.They are basically forcing you to use them as a middle-
           | man for any app you want. While getting a cut from all
           | transactions.
           | 
           | Non-google app stores cannot automatically update aps, side-
           | loading is hidden in menus behind scary warnings.
           | 
           | IOS forcing you to use safari no matter what, and there is no
           | way to side-load apps, nor any non-apple app stores.
           | 
           | chrome de facto sets web standards, giving them slight edge
           | over other browsers - and they do use chrome specific APIs to
           | cripple other browsers - like YouTube working worse on
           | Firefox due that reason.
           | 
           | And that's even without taking into the consideration all the
           | tracking in form of telemetry on the devices, coupled with
           | their own ads markets.
        
           | mhh__ wrote:
           | Apple have undocumented instructions now let alone APIs
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | you're mixing up the details of the MSFT lawsuit.
         | 
         | Also, there's nothing antitrust about bundling web DLLs in an
         | OS, or using the web shell for applications. That's what a
         | Chromebook did.
         | 
         | What MSFT did was abuse its monopoly position to take advantage
         | of other companies and customers.
        
           | mard wrote:
           | Fair enough. Merely bundling some software was not a
           | violation by itself, but that bundling was also additionally
           | reinforced with "concerted series of actions designed to
           | protect the applications barrier to entry", which caused
           | "consumer harm by distorting competition" [1].
           | 
           | [1] https://www.justice.gov/atr/us-v-microsoft-courts-
           | findings-f...
        
         | Andrex wrote:
         | The MS decision got gutted on appeal, which merely emboldened
         | the monopolistic practices which developed since the dot-com
         | boom.
        
         | wslh wrote:
         | > I don't know how the law sees it, but it's simply illogical
         | from the common sense standpoint.
         | 
         | In these cases, generally, the law acts when other parties push
         | it. Mainly big actors. The app stores are generally build by
         | those major actors. May be regulations will happen in several
         | years.
        
       | scotty79 wrote:
       | 90% of things mentioned here should be super illegal and the
       | punishment should be 150% estimated income they achieved through
       | such deals.
        
         | dalbasal wrote:
         | 100 years in the electric chair!
         | 
         | This isn't an "infraction" you can police with a fine, jail,
         | etc. It's an industrial structure. The competition is
         | competition for monopoly, a superior & highly profitable market
         | position of some sort. Those are what make Google, FB & so
         | profitable.
         | 
         | Google competed with Yahoo & Microsoft for years in search
         | marketing. I don't believe either ever made significant
         | profits. Their "market share" in terms of users may have been
         | 10%-20%. But, their share of market revenues was a fraction of
         | that. Their share of profits was negative.
         | 
         | OTOH Google pays (for example) Apple $7bn per year to make
         | Google Search default. That's better than best case scenario
         | profits MSFT or Yahoo could have _hoped_ to make, unless they
         | managed to replace Google in the no. 1 position.
         | 
         | Competing is just a lot less profitable than cooperating in a
         | lot of cases. What is Apple supposed to do, say "keep it, we're
         | good?"
        
       | erhk wrote:
       | Can't read on mobile without a Twitter account
        
         | encryptluks2 wrote:
         | Twitter changed something recently where they no longer let you
         | view most tweets without an account.
        
           | dan-robertson wrote:
           | I think you just need to tap the tweet again to see the
           | thread. But you could also use nitter.
        
       | bronzeage wrote:
       | Google and apple shills / workers are working hard on this thread
       | downvoting everything. Literally every comment downvoted. Are
       | Google and apple workers that much common in hacker news? Are
       | they that loyal to their disgusting monopolistic company they
       | feel obliged to defend it with downvotes on some internet forum?
        
         | scrollaway wrote:
         | I'm downvoting your comment because it's irrelevant, probably
         | wrong, and downright boring to complain about downvotes in the
         | first place, even more so about shilling.
         | 
         | I am not affiliated with either company.
        
       | joemaller1 wrote:
       | Thread links no longer work on mobile web Twitter without an
       | account.
        
         | squarefoot wrote:
         | Nitter should help.
         | 
         | https://github.com/zedeus/nitter/wiki/Extensions
        
         | d3nj4l wrote:
         | Somewhat OT, but this has been great for me. I've been trying
         | to kick twitter, but even deactivating my account didn't
         | completely kill it because I kept going back to some profiles,
         | but with this change it's unusable when logged out. I'm finally
         | free.
        
         | nulbyte wrote:
         | The link worked fine for me in Firefox without being signed in.
         | Went straight to the first Tweet, showed another, and gave a
         | link to continue reading the thread.
        
           | jtbayly wrote:
           | Did you try to click the link to continue reading the thread?
           | 
           | That's what fails for me.
        
           | Cycl0ps wrote:
           | This is a known "feature" of Twitter. If it assumes the user
           | can be logged in, it will hold the page captive until you
           | sign in. I've had it happen to me, though I'm not sure of the
           | details. Like whether it's being A/B tested or what
           | specifically it's hitting on to require login
        
         | aendruk wrote:
         | Last time this issue came up there was some skepticism due to
         | Twitter's varying behavior. Here's a screen recording for those
         | unaffected:
         | 
         | https://imgur.com/a/ze7IBg2
        
         | gpas wrote:
         | Clear twitter cookies or open the link in incognito
        
         | wayneftw wrote:
         | Long press the timestamp link on the first post and open in a
         | new tab. At least that's what worked for me on iOS.
        
         | _Algernon_ wrote:
         | HN should implement a rule that makes it mandatory to link
         | twitter threads through one of those services that make them
         | readable. It's quite frankly obnoxious.
        
         | BrianOnHN wrote:
         | Same, bypass Twitter altogether:
         | https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1428415009860714500.html
        
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