[HN Gopher] How Does FaceTime Work?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       How Does FaceTime Work?
        
       Author : r4um
       Score  : 164 points
       Date   : 2021-08-19 05:54 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (matduggan.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (matduggan.com)
        
       | muststopmyths wrote:
       | I remember back in the day when FaceTime was announced Apple made
       | a big deal about it using standard protocols throughout the stack
       | ( SIP and maybe WebRTC?) and dangled the hope that there could be
       | 3rd party apps that connected with FaceTime.
       | 
       | We were so young and naive then.
        
         | npteljes wrote:
         | Facebook and Google also did that with XMPP.
        
         | pfranz wrote:
         | The presentation said something like they planned for it to be
         | "open" or something. I believe that was the first the dev team
         | had heard of it.
         | 
         | People have guess that patents prevented it from actually being
         | an open standard. Coincidentally, some of those patents expired
         | in the last year or two and the last should expire this year.
         | But I kind of guess the window has passed for it becoming open.
        
           | ksec wrote:
           | >People have guess that patents prevented it from actually
           | being an open standard.
           | 
           | Not guessed. Apple was actually sued and had to change how
           | FaceTime works.
        
           | solarkraft wrote:
           | > But I kind of guess the window has passed for it becoming
           | open.
           | 
           | It's moving there. They're adding a web interface this year.
        
             | pfranz wrote:
             | I found the clip from the 2010 keynote [1]. Steve Jobs
             | said, "We're going to take it all the way. We're going to
             | the standards bodies tomorrow and we're going to make
             | FaceTime an open industry standard." I didn't watch the
             | whole video, so I might have missed some context, but this
             | lines up with my memory.
             | 
             | I don't see a web client being a move in that direction.
             | 
             | [1] https://youtu.be/eujypqKT8o0?t=5809
        
               | abrowne wrote:
               | IIRC, when Jobs said that sentence, it was the first time
               | the team was told of any plan to make it a standard.
               | There hadn't been any legal or technical review that it
               | would be possible. (Not in 11 years now they couldn't
               | have made it happen if they wanted to.)
        
             | ftio wrote:
             | That web interface is a customer acquisition and retention
             | play.
             | 
             | It enables FaceTime users to stay in the ecosystem when
             | their friends don't use the platform they do (vs going to
             | Zoom, which is available for everyone). And it enables non-
             | users to get a taste of FaceTime without before they buy an
             | iPhone.
             | 
             | It's a brilliant move, but I wouldn't call it open. Maybe
             | "open enough" :D
        
               | CSSer wrote:
               | They have a lot of work to do if that is the case. The
               | beta experience at present is downright poor,
               | particularly on the non-Apple end of things.
        
         | piskov wrote:
         | There were some (lost?) patent disputes afterwards which could
         | have an impact on openess.
        
       | TonyTrapp wrote:
       | Strange preamble: I found the quality of analog landlines to be
       | terrible. Since we got switched over to VoIP, the voice quality
       | is crystal-clear if the person on the other end also has a VoIP
       | connection. It almost sounds _too_ good. Better than most online
       | voice chat stuff.
        
         | kkielhofner wrote:
         | Interesting human psychology note: I was involved in some early
         | deployments of HD-ish codecs. HD codecs are considered to be
         | anything that provides greater than the (less than) 4kHz
         | frequency response of the traditional PSTN. At the time "HD
         | audio" was generally 8kHz frequency response (16 kHz sampling
         | rate because of Nyquist-Shannon[0]).
         | 
         | This was around 2009 and many users, having not experienced
         | that kind of frequency response/fidelity were kind of
         | "unnerved" by it because (as you say) it can sound "too good".
         | Users were freaked out by the extended frequency response and
         | added fidelity. A common complaint was that previously
         | undetectable breath sounds, etc were audible.
         | 
         | "These days" with FaceTime, WebRTC, etc sampling rates go all
         | the way to 48 kHz, being able to represent the entire range of
         | human hearing (and far beyond the range of human speech[1][2]).
         | Not only have people become more used to the extended audio
         | range, various other parts of the stack (quality
         | microphones/hardware, speech detection, noise cancellation,
         | etc) has caught up and some of those early pesky issues like
         | breath sounds, etc have been largely addressed.
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyquist%E2%80%93Shannon_sampli...
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_frequency
         | 
         | [2]
         | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.0058...
        
           | myself248 wrote:
           | That's funny, because I remember missing breath sounds when
           | switching to digital cellular. That plus the added latency
           | still makes it difficult to converse sometimes.
           | 
           | It's weird to me how, after a century of obsessive attention
           | to quality and latency all throughout the whole analog era,
           | through the digital isochronous transition, and up into the
           | first-gen analog cellular system, digital cellular was so
           | much cheaper that we just rolled over and accepted all the
           | terrible compromises. It's not like customers who preferred
           | AMPS had the choice to stay on it.
           | 
           | Only recently have I experienced VoIP calls that start to
           | claw back some of that lost quality. Frequency range, bit
           | depth, maybe even latency if I'm lucky. I don't think we'll
           | ever again have it as good as ISDN, but I can dream.
        
             | kkielhofner wrote:
             | It very well could have been that breath sounds just
             | sounded differently, or the whole experience was unnerving
             | to our user base (healthcare) at the time. In any case we
             | set the sampling rate back to 8kHz and moved on.
             | 
             | I too miss the days of a B channel on a T1 PRI!
        
             | illegalsmile wrote:
             | I miss landlines, talking on the phone was actually
             | enjoyable. I rarely have a cellphone conversation
             | (verizon/iphone x) anymore that feels anywhere near as
             | natural or enjoyable as the landline did. I keep thinking
             | it's the phone, a setting or the network and it's not. The
             | latency and talking over one another just doesn't work for
             | me. We used to have multiple people on a POTS call and it
             | worked fine and now it's always "sorry, go ahead" even when
             | there's one other person on the phone.
             | 
             | The BEST cell phone call I've ever had was back in 2004 on
             | a sony ericsson in Bangkok of all places calling my parents
             | on their landline in Chicago. Crystal clear, almost zero
             | latency, it felt like I was in their living room talking to
             | them. I've never had that in the states and I would like
             | to.
        
       | miki123211 wrote:
       | > For those of you old enough to remember landlines, it reminds
       | me of those [...] When we all switched to cell service audio
       | quality took a huge hit
       | 
       | As a blind person with a lot of friends in different corners of
       | the world, audio quality is very important to me. Surprisingly
       | enough, I've seen side projects that took a weekend to develop
       | that had much better quality than what mainstream services offer.
       | Part of it is probably because of bandwidth costs, but I guess
       | effects (like cancelling echos from participants who use speakers
       | instead of headphones, or reducing noise from crappy mics) also
       | play a role.
       | 
       | Facetime's quality is good, but nowhere near what your devices
       | are actually capable of. The only mainstream solution that is
       | actually good is Zoom, when you enable original sound, stereo
       | audio, high fidelity mode and disable a few annoying filters. To
       | do this, the app needs much more fine-grained control of your
       | microphone than you can get from a web browser, so the native
       | client is essential.
       | 
       | Discord with Nitro is pretty decent too, but really niche,
       | obscure, non-mainstream solutions work best. TeamTalk[1] is one
       | great example.
       | 
       | [1] https://bearware.dk/?page_id=327
        
         | Cu3PO42 wrote:
         | While I am having trouble finding a source for this right now,
         | I am quite certain that Discord intends to add a setting
         | enabling all audio processing for those with good audio gear.
         | Or at least that's what they said they would do.
        
         | rrrrrrrrrrrryan wrote:
         | I actually don't think bandwidth costs are responsible, nor DSP
         | effects.
         | 
         | I suspect the lousy audio quality in modern voice conferencing
         | software is to compensate for people with lousy internet
         | connections or underpowered devices: someone using an older
         | phone in the car on 3G cell service with cell tower handoffs,
         | or a crusty laptop using lousy coffee shop WiFi, etc.
         | 
         | It's a tough problem to solve. Everyone on a call can be
         | affected by one person with a lousy connection if the software
         | isn't very sophisticated.
         | 
         | People are generally willing to tolerate lower bitrate audio if
         | it means less dropouts, and lowering the bitrate for everyone
         | is easy to do (if a bit lazy), and solves many problems.
        
           | dr-detroit wrote:
           | Sorry, no. I am an IT janitor and my brother is a audio
           | solutions engineer for major companies so we have discussed
           | where it breaks down. Someone who is a demonstrable idiot
           | decides to put a wimpy cheap processor in these devices and
           | have them do a bunch of digital processing on the audio to
           | "improve it" and so you get very very bad quality. Idiots
           | literally rule our society I could go on but its basically
           | like that Kurt Vonnegut book where the rich elites are
           | sitting around listening to Beethoven records at the wrong
           | RPM and nobody can convince them its wrong.
           | 
           | These audio engineering guys can do almost anything. Their
           | requirements these days are bonkers.
        
           | Const-me wrote:
           | I've opened facebook.com with browser dev.tools open. The 3
           | largest java script files are using 1 megabyte to download.
           | Facebook is able to do that because even globally, vast
           | majority of people have internet way faster than 64 kbit/sec.
           | 1 megabyte takes more than 2 minutes to download at 64
           | kbit/sec.
           | 
           | It's similar story with CPUs. Modern CPUs are insanely fast
           | these days, smart phones included. What once required
           | purposedly-designed ASICs (e.g. Sony Minidisk had one for
           | ATRAC3) is now borderline free in terms of compute power. A
           | cheap Android phone sold 10 years ago gonna have at least
           | 500MHz CPU, and at least 256MB RAM.
           | 
           | 96 Kbps AAC audio works on 10-15MHz CPUs, and 64 Kbps HE-AAC
           | works on 50-60 MHz CPUs, both from 2005: https://www.helixcom
           | munity.org/projects/datatype/2005/aacfix...
        
           | darth_avocado wrote:
           | I don't know if this is common, but I have a lot more missed
           | audio bits in Facetime than I do in other apps when I talk to
           | my family in a third world country. I suspect what you are
           | saying is correct. Modern apps are built for the weakest link
           | while Facetime is built for the strongest.
        
         | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
         | > but I guess effects (like cancelling echos from participants
         | who use speakers instead of headphones, or reducing noise from
         | crappy mics) also play a role.
         | 
         | I wonder if there is a market for a meeting app that has the
         | best quality of them all, by not trying to poorly work around
         | bad environments, but simply booting people out of meetings
         | until they fix their setup.
         | 
         | Yes, it would suck if you or someone you really need something
         | from get booted, but after a few weeks everyone's setup would
         | likely be fixed so this would no longer be a frequent issue,
         | and in exchange, you wouldn't have 20+ people get driven mad by
         | someone giving a hour-long presentation over Bluetooth audio.
         | 
         | I feel like shitty audio quality is responsible for at least
         | 80% of the 'zoom brain' effect.
        
         | slownews45 wrote:
         | I'm actually also very sensitive to audio quality.
         | 
         | Oddly, I also landed on zoom has above the rest in terms of
         | quality. Everyone on my team uses headsets, this avoids need
         | for echo cancellation and the weird muting effectings that
         | generates - so I HIGHLY recommend this - two people can talk at
         | once comfortably so you pick up the little cues of
         | interjections etc.
         | 
         | Facetime audio only is good in quality in my experience, but
         | not so great in latency (may be for reasons outside apple's
         | control obviously).
        
       | stephen_g wrote:
       | I just wish FaceTime on macOS would let me use virtual webcams
       | and not do weird things to audio inputs if you you keep also
       | using them in other apps. I have a Blackmagic converter that
       | works to bring a high quality external camera into other
       | software, but FaceTime won't let me use it (it just doesn't show
       | up in the list, and neither does the OBS virtual camera). That
       | and the weird stuff it seems to do to the audio subsystem on Mac
       | (this is all in 10.14 so maybe this isn't the case in later
       | versions?). We were trying to use it as a back channel for
       | podcasting/streaming but trying to send audio to FaceTime somehow
       | messed with the input in a way I've never seen with any other
       | application, and broke it in Logic and OBS. It was almost as if
       | audio processing was happening _outside_ the app for some reason,
       | so you get really weird results (messed up levels etc.) in other
       | apps sharing the audio device inputs... Goes away when you start
       | an audio app without FaceTime active.
       | 
       | We found a free app Sonobus that works really well for low
       | latency audio for what we were doing in the end. FaceTime is
       | great for just calling the family on the iPad though.
        
       | tumblewit wrote:
       | FaceTime audio is the standard to beat. It's just absolutely
       | incredible.
        
       | imagine99 wrote:
       | Can anyone recommend a similar service that provides true high-
       | quality video chat functionality on par with FaceTime but not
       | requiring Apple hardware (but still easily usable on mobile)?
       | 
       | We're looking for such a service for use in developing countries
       | where iPhones are rare and connectivity is often mediocre at
       | best.
       | 
       | Tests with the like of Telegram, Duo and others have been okay-
       | ish for voice-only calls but pretty bad for video. Mostly because
       | of lack of Apple hardware on the other end we are until now
       | unable to conduct any comparative tests to see whether FaceTime
       | would outperform these apps in terms of quality and stability.
        
         | nojito wrote:
         | You can join Facetime calls without apple devices in iOS 15
        
           | cassianoleal wrote:
           | Join, but not start if I recall the announcement correctly.
        
         | MrGilbert wrote:
         | Discord's video quality is rather high, at least on the
         | desktop.
        
           | jagger27 wrote:
           | With Nitro, anyway.
        
         | 2rsf wrote:
         | WhatsApp does a decent job
        
           | kilroy123 wrote:
           | I disagree. I think it's one of the worst. I've used it
           | around the world and it's often terrible.
        
           | cassianoleal wrote:
           | WhatsApp is usable but nowhere near the video and audio
           | quality of FaceTime. It's also only on mobile where the
           | screen is rather small and audio quality is never great - not
           | very important since they seem to use very high audio
           | compression anyway.
        
             | jonathanbull wrote:
             | Can't speak for the quality, but video calling has been
             | available on desktop (Windows/MacOS) for a little while now
             | -
             | 
             | https://techcrunch.com/2021/03/04/whatsapp-rolls-out-
             | voice-a...
        
               | cassianoleal wrote:
               | I could never make video or audio calls work on my Mac.
               | They were technically available, just didn't work.
        
         | pfranz wrote:
         | This wasn't focusing on 1:1 calls, but a couple years ago we
         | tested all the video chat services we could access. We had
         | offices spread across India, Malaysia, and the US with varying
         | qualities of connection and many people working from home. Zoom
         | had the best results when working with a poor connection. I'm
         | not sure I'd say the peak quality was as good as FaceTime.
        
         | m4rtink wrote:
         | Jitsi works fine as well.
        
       | jonathanlydall wrote:
       | I find FaceTime video calls really superb, but for whatever
       | reason the audio only calls have short (sub-second length)
       | moments where it cuts out and it's very disconcerting. This
       | happens when calling both my parents and my brother, both of
       | which are only KMs away and like me have 25Mb/s or faster fibre
       | connections.
       | 
       | Strangely I've never noticed this audio problem during video
       | calls.
       | 
       | So I tend to do voice only calls using WhatsApp and video calls
       | with FaceTime.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | If you have 25Mb/s connection while anyone on the other end has
         | only 1.5Mb/s connection, then you have a 1.5Mb/s connection.
         | Just because you pay for fiber doesn't mean you always get that
         | speed. Most benefits of highspeed badwidth at home allows for
         | multiple connections to reach their "full" speed without
         | forcing other connections to lower speeds.
        
           | throwthere wrote:
           | Even if you have a 1.5Mb/s connection you should hear crystal
           | clear audio.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | Wow, take things litteral much? The numbers were just used
             | to demonstrate, and not meant for actual comparisons. If
             | the other party has a lower bandwidth than you, you are
             | limited to that lower bandwidth. Fat pipe connected to
             | little pipe means fat pipe can only move little pipe's
             | worth of volume. If the other party has kids that are
             | playing games, streaming youtube, listening to music,
             | downloading torrents, etc, their bandwidth is fractioned
             | too. If no QOS is enabled for ensuring mom&dad's phone
             | calls are good before little Timmy's Fornite and little
             | Suzzie's TikTok videos, then mom&dad can get the short end
             | of the stick. Let's also not forget those IoT devices and
             | Ring doorbells, and blah blah all cutting into that
             | available bandwidth. People forget and take for granted how
             | many things in their homes feed on that bandwidth
             | 
             | Yes, with 1.5Mbps one _should_ hear crystal clear audio,
             | but you have no idea how much bandwidth is actually being
             | used.
        
               | ubercow13 wrote:
               | GP said that both they and the other participant had
               | faster than 25Mbps connections...
        
             | FemmeAndroid wrote:
             | I wonder how much of this has to do with the speed of a
             | connection and how much has to do with Jitter? Especially
             | on wifi, Jitter can become a huge barrier to overcome, even
             | if the speed of your connection is extremely high.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | I wish other statistics about connections were more
               | public, since there is much more to a connection than
               | just bandwidth.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | With that kind of information publicly available, they'd
               | have a hard time getting people to join the network!
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Most people don't even have an option at home in the US,
               | but it would make it harder for them to lobby politicians
               | by not being able to claim everything is fine.
               | 
               | For home, you chose fiber if you're lucky to have fiber.
               | Most people only have access to coaxial cable internet.
               | If you're unlucky, you do not even have that.
               | 
               | For mobile, you have Verizon, ATT, and T-Mobile so it is
               | not so bad there.
        
       | sgt wrote:
       | FaceTime is amazing. I keep in touch with my entire family using
       | FaceTime video, often across thousands of kilometers.
       | 
       | It's also such an equalizer, allowing even the non-computer
       | literate to use it and focus on the actual conversations.
       | 
       | In fact, my 103 year old grandmother is able to do video calls
       | with me, which is great because I rarely see her in person these
       | days. I don't think there exists an alternative she would be able
       | to use.
        
         | throwthere wrote:
         | Semi-related question since I'm looking to get my grandma
         | setup. Waffling between an iPhone and iPad, maybe an iPad mini
         | but don't know if the air would be better (lighter I think).
         | What device does your grandma use to FaceTime? Do you know does
         | she do anything else with it?
        
           | dekoruotas wrote:
           | Just three days ago I've set up my 93 year old grandfather on
           | a Lenovo Smart Display 7. I think it has multiple benefits
           | over an iSomething: - Always plugged in - no need to remember
           | to charge - Shows our family picture albums that I can
           | remotely update via my Google Photos - It is loud. Left the
           | volume at 3/4 - Sits on a table and you're never holding it
           | wrong(tm) - No settings to mess up, two previous tablets were
           | too complicated
        
             | Seanambers wrote:
             | I had to google it to see what it looked like, looks great
             | if all you care about is photo + videocalls.
             | 
             | In the end i guess it all depends on the persons ability to
             | manipulate and see things.
             | 
             | I've pushed my parents hard into the Apple ecosystem and it
             | has worked out great.
             | 
             | My mom first got the iPhone 4, before that she had a nokia
             | flip phone, she could use it from day 1. Nowadays I buy the
             | newest iPhone, and after 1-2 years or so I sell it to one
             | of my parents for a 'nice' price. The iPad I made them buy
             | (and they upgraded it once) is very popular.
             | 
             | But the most used Apple product is the AppleTV. It has
             | enabled them so watch the news when they want, and Youtube
             | has given them access to content (travel) they'd never had
             | before.
             | 
             | Sharing photo albums, facetime video calls, imessage and
             | ease of use is just on a level I don't think exists with
             | android - of course, sometimes theres the small hiccup.
             | 
             | But they are not 93 years old so the mileage might vary :)
        
             | sgt wrote:
             | That's cute but also kind of horrific if you want to do
             | anything else. You are essentially ensuring he's stuck in a
             | sandbox.
             | 
             | My grandmother as mentioned uses an iPad which is the only
             | user friendly tablet or "computer" I would ever give her.
             | 
             | She uses it for general browsing and e-mail as well, as
             | well as taking photos and browsing albums in iCloud. No
             | messaging though.
        
             | mod50ack wrote:
             | For the past few years I've had my grandma using a Linux
             | desktop (for her, it's always the year of the Linux
             | desktop!) She has no idea how to use the system, but I just
             | lock it down for the most part, exposing mostly Skype and a
             | solitaire game, and giving myself full access to SSH and
             | x11vnc (through SSH, with my key required, of course).
             | 
             | To her, it's almost like a television, as family members
             | are able to call her and even initiate calls. (Although we
             | often have to call her on the normal phone to get her to
             | realize that we're calling her on her computer, or to plug
             | it in --- this is the one thing she does do with the
             | hardware.)
        
             | daemoon wrote:
             | You're one those who cannot let other people use and enjoy
             | Apple products just because you do not like them.
        
             | acdha wrote:
             | Those are good selling points but all but the last applies
             | equally to a tablet (e.g. there's no law requiring you to
             | use a tablet on battery).
             | 
             | The key point is the single function: a general purpose
             | computing device has more UI & management than some people
             | want to deal with. This is something the industry really
             | hasn't done a great job with, especially since it overlaps
             | with the problem of treating things as disposable because
             | the revenue model for single purpose devices is mostly
             | broken and so people are often forced to churn them because
             | the device they're used to has been discontinued or no
             | longer works with their WiFi.
        
           | sgt wrote:
           | She uses an iPad Mini.
           | 
           | I would also recommend a handle/knob type thing on the back
           | so it is easier to hold it without accidentally touching the
           | screen.
        
           | natdempk wrote:
           | I think a bigger device/screen is easier for older people to
           | use. I think they can struggle a lot with typing on a smaller
           | phone screen, as well as the font and overall display size.
        
             | sgt wrote:
             | Also - knob handle on the back of an iPad is handy. To
             | older hands, it can be really difficult to hold a tablet
             | without touching the screen.
             | 
             | Older ladies might also have long nails which makes
             | touching icons hard too.
        
             | malshe wrote:
             | I second this. I bought iPads for my parents and in-laws
             | and I gave them the choice between iPad Mini and iPad
             | thinking they will prefer mini because it's lighter. Both
             | of them chose iPad precisely because it has a larger
             | screen. I don't think it was just because of the ease of
             | typing.
        
             | giantrobot wrote:
             | Just FYI in the accessibility settings there's options for
             | increasing the text size and input options for people with
             | mobility/dexterity issues. A larger screen of an iPad makes
             | for physically larger targets but you can _also_ zoom the
             | UI.
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | I think iPad Air is worth it for older people since it does
           | not cost much more and the grandparents in my family
           | appreciate the size of the screen, especially since they use
           | it with enlarged text size.
        
         | randomdata wrote:
         | Unfortunately, calls with more than two people seem to fall
         | apart quickly if the network connection isn't perfect, even
         | where Meets, Zoom, etc. work flawlessly.
        
           | jwineinger wrote:
           | Agreed. For me, the hallmark of a good system is being able
           | to forget that I'm using it. That has never happened to me
           | with Facetime.
        
           | acdha wrote:
           | This substantially the opposite of my experience so I'd bet
           | there is some factor for proximity to CDNs or traffic shaping
           | done by your ISP. FaceTime is rock-solid; Zoom is also good
           | but has noticeably lower video quality (but good noise
           | handling). Meet's native apps are good but their browser UI
           | is coded to break Firefox so I don't use it much.
        
             | scatterhead wrote:
             | So it sounds like Facetime's Firefox support is better in
             | your experience?
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | I'd flip it the other way: Google decided to remove the
               | benefits of portability, similar to how Zoom removed the
               | benefits of being able to use their service without
               | installing a client first.
               | 
               | FaceTime is limited to Apple devices until iOS 15 allows
               | anyone with a browser to join a call, so you'd think
               | they'd be emphasizing the benefits of portability more.
        
               | randomdata wrote:
               | The benefit of FaceTime being an open standard.
        
               | imwillofficial wrote:
               | It's not an open standard
        
               | randomdata wrote:
               | Nor does it currently work in Firefox. Hence the
               | continuation of the joke.
               | 
               | It was originally announced as an open standard, though.
               | Anyone who remembers Steve Jobs would have caught on. It
               | is easy for us old-timers to forget how long ago that was
               | now, so I extend my apologies to the youngsters.
        
               | blacksmith_tb wrote:
               | Facetime doesn't work in any browser, does it? On macOS
               | and iOS it uses a dedicated app, the protocol is
               | proprietary so no 3rd part clients exist?
        
               | bleachedsleet wrote:
               | FaceTime is coming to the web
               | 
               | https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/7/22522889/apple-
               | facetime-an...
        
         | caddybox wrote:
         | I think it is unfair to label a platform with a two hundred
         | dollar entry barrier as an equalizer. VoIP and allied
         | technologies are the real enablers and ad-supported platforms
         | like WhatsApp et al. have been true equalizers by allowing
         | anyone to communicate with anyone at marginal costs. The ease
         | of picking up the phone and calling somebody with no
         | consideration of cost has enabled so many people to connect and
         | communicate on a more frequent basis.
        
           | epicureanideal wrote:
           | > I think it is unfair to label a platform with a two hundred
           | dollar entry barrier as an equalizer.
           | 
           | Even in poor areas, lots of people are walking around with
           | iPhones. $200-500 gadgets are not out of the range of poor
           | people. That works out to less than a dollar a day.
           | 
           | One time amortized expenses aren't that much of a barrier,
           | from what I've seen. The real barriers the poor face are
           | things like high rents, high medical cost, high cost of
           | education, etc.
        
             | wpietri wrote:
             | About a quarter of the world's population lives on less
             | than $3.20 per day. [1] $200-500 is a lot of money to
             | billions of people.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-
             | release/2018/10/17/n...
        
           | krrrh wrote:
           | The cost of entry should be expressed as the difference
           | between lower cost or used iPhones and iPads vs similar
           | android devices. Even though there is a cost premium for iOS
           | devices the proven longer longevity of arguably makes them
           | cheaper for most people, especially light users who are happy
           | sticking with a device for 5-8 years. The family members who
           | do tech support for them can mostly rest happy with automatic
           | security updates turned on.
        
         | trompetenaccoun wrote:
         | It's so great and easy to use it even works for video calls
         | with a person in China, while all other foreign communication
         | apps are blocked there. Isn't that interesting.
        
           | randomopining wrote:
           | CCP doing analysis on foreigners' faces and call contents so
           | that they can cull dissention after they take over in 10
           | years. But Apple wants to do business there!
        
         | LivelyTortoise wrote:
         | Is there anything that sets FaceTime apart from cheaper
         | competitors like WhatsApp / Signal video calling in this aspect
         | of ease of use?
         | 
         | (I say cheaper because you don't need to buy an iDevice to use
         | those)
        
           | masterof0 wrote:
           | Don't you also need to buy a phone/computer/tablet to use
           | whatsapp or signal? How does whatsapp is cheaper than
           | facetime? But anyway, yeah, I noticed Facetime's both video
           | and audio calls have better quality, in my personal
           | experience. Also, most if not all my friends and family use
           | iDevices, so I dont need to convince them to install
           | signal/whatsapp/telegram etc... But YMMV.
        
             | thisisussbs wrote:
             | Yes but a practical new Android phone with reasonable spec
             | (I don't mean cheap Chinese oems with 1gb ram) can be had
             | for $100 and can run WhatsApp/signal fine. The cheapest
             | iphone is $399 iirc, the high entry costs that disqualifies
             | a lot of people even in the US and certainly abroad where
             | apple tax difference compare to base currency of usd399
             | exceeds regional sales tax differences (mexico for example)
        
               | copperx wrote:
               | True. That $399 iPhone SE is sold for $540 in Mexico at
               | the Apple store. And middle-class Mexicans have between
               | 1/3 to 1/10 of the buying power of an American
               | counterpart.
        
               | andrecarini wrote:
               | In Brazil a new iPhone 6 costs about two months of the
               | national average raw income, while a cheap Android
               | alternative would be about 1/3rd to 1/4th of an average
               | monthly salary.
        
               | sgt wrote:
               | Does average monthly salary mean much if the majority is
               | really poor? Assuming you are middle class, here. Also:
               | you probably mean iPhone 12. The 6 is quite old.
               | 
               | I remember my 6 very well as I fell on my motorcycle and
               | I pulled this banana shaped phone out of my pocket.
        
               | andrecarini wrote:
               | > Also: you probably mean iPhone 12. The 6 is quite old
               | 
               | I definitely meant the 6.
               | 
               | Minimum monthly wage (formal jobs, before taxes): R$1100
               | 
               | New iPhone 6: R$1700 ~ R$2400
               | 
               | New iPhone 12: R$7700 ~ R$10000
               | 
               | > Does average monthly salary mean much if the majority
               | is really poor?
               | 
               | For those poor and outside the formal job market, buying
               | a new iPhone (even the older ones) are out of reach or a
               | very significant investment.
        
               | thisisussbs wrote:
               | News flash the $399 model is based off 6 or 7
        
               | npteljes wrote:
               | Hungary:
               | 
               | Cheapest iPhone: 120000 HUF
               | 
               | Cheapest Android: 9700 HUF
               | 
               | Cheapest reasonable Android: 21000 HUF
               | 
               | Minimum wage after taxes: 111000 HUF
        
               | malshe wrote:
               | Brazil is such an outlier. I wonder why Bolsenaro didn't
               | do anything about the insane import duties in Brazil. And
               | don't get me started on the difficulty in using financial
               | services there.
        
             | tsjq wrote:
             | >How does whatsapp is cheaper than facetime?
             | 
             | Whatsapp ,Skype, Telegram, Google Duo, etc apps work fine
             | on Android phones which are lots less expensive than Apple
             | Devices that are needed for Facetime
        
               | sgt wrote:
               | Trust me, you don't want to put family on Android. My
               | mother started out with Android (to save money), and she
               | never even fully understood how the bottom buttons
               | worked. I became the customer care. Now she's on iPhone
               | and there's no support burden. Phew.
        
               | benhurmarcel wrote:
               | You don't usually get to choose what devices people buy.
               | All my family is on Android simply because they're not
               | interested enough in tech to spend triple the price on an
               | Apple device, and there's nothing I can say to make them
               | spend that much.
        
           | xrisk wrote:
           | You can take the call on a computer?
        
             | reayn wrote:
             | macs come with facetime preinstalled (the newer ones at
             | least) and you can send facetime links to people and they
             | can join using the web client if they dont have a mac.
        
             | benhurmarcel wrote:
             | Only on a mac.
        
           | sgt wrote:
           | Definitely easier to use than any of the alternatives. An
           | intuitive video calling system should do just that: video
           | (and/or audio), not chat.
           | 
           | Firstly; she has not heard of WhatsApp, it would have to be
           | taught to her that it is a chat app that has additional
           | functionality to allow phone and video calls.
           | 
           | Blank stare.
           | 
           | She does not chat and has no interest in doing that.
           | 
           | The UI of WhatsApp is confusing and unintuitive if you assume
           | you know nearly nothing except that you want to make a video
           | call.
        
       | comandillos wrote:
       | Telegram also provides this service quality, its available on all
       | platforms and its free.
        
         | the_third_wave wrote:
         | There is also Nextcloud Talk [1] (based on Spreed [2]) for
         | those who have their own Nextcloud server. I use both Telegram
         | as well as NC Talk, quality is comparable. Telegram is a more
         | capable messenger though, that part of NC Talk is
         | underdeveloped.
         | 
         | [1] https://nextcloud.com/talk/
         | 
         | [2] https://www.spreed.eu/
        
         | breakfastduck wrote:
         | I mean its a complete misnomer to state that the quality is
         | remotely comparable.
        
         | rubyist5eva wrote:
         | I use both, and prefer facetime when I can (all people with
         | iphones have it so barrier to entry is lower) - but Telegram is
         | the next best thing for me.
        
         | nizmow wrote:
         | FaceTime is also free, and Telegram's audio and video quality
         | is vastly inferior.
        
           | Jcowell wrote:
           | Not to mention has less friction
        
             | the_third_wave wrote:
             | Only when you live in an Apple bubble which in practice
             | comes down to the USA and parts of Europe. Elsewhere Apple
             | is a margin player with the vast majority of mobile devices
             | running Android. Telegram is available everywhere, for all
             | "significant" devices and categories (desktop, mobile, web)
             | which makes it a more universal option. It is growing at a
             | rapid pace (200 million users in March 2018, 400 million
             | users in April 2020, 500 million in January 2021 so
             | probably around 600 million by now) with ~15% daily active
             | users. This growth rate will probably increase with the
             | recent brouhaha around Apple scanning devices in the hunt
             | for illegal imagery.
        
           | EForEndeavour wrote:
           | FaceTime is a free part of Apple's software offerings, but
           | you can't start a FaceTime call if you aren't an Apple user.
        
             | yohannparis wrote:
             | I don't understand your point, you can't start a Telegram
             | call if you aren't a Telegram user as well.
        
               | suprfsat wrote:
               | Anyone can become a FaceTime-calling Apple user for a
               | mere $199. https://www.apple.com/ipod-touch/
        
               | t00 wrote:
               | Anyone can become a Telegram (or Signal) user. For $0,
               | infinitely less than $199.
        
               | masterof0 wrote:
               | I wonder how could you make a Telegram video call with no
               | device. Or android devices are free?
        
               | the_third_wave wrote:
               | Free, no. Less expensive and more widely available than
               | iOS devices, yes. Telegram also works on Linux, Windows
               | and MacOS. There is a web version as well which works
               | anywhere there is a reasonably recent browser available.
               | The web version does not yet support calls as far as I
               | know, this will most likely be added in the near future
               | given that it is a rather trivial addition with plenty of
               | free-software implementations available.
        
               | notwhereyouare wrote:
               | a telegram account is free, a facetime account requires
               | an apple device.
        
               | masterof0 wrote:
               | an iCloud account is free, a Telegram account requires a
               | device. -\\_(tsu)_/-
        
               | plater wrote:
               | He means that you need Apple hardware to start a Facetime
               | call.
        
               | yohannparis wrote:
               | That's my point too, you need hardware anyway for a
               | Telegram call. Whatever device you use has an inherent
               | cost.
        
       | mosselman wrote:
       | We used to use Skype with my wife's parents and it sucked: there
       | were delays, freezes, low quality video, etc. It worked great
       | with my mother, but she had far better internet than my wife's
       | parents. The alternatives were even worse: Telegram, whatsapp,
       | jitsi. Then we tried FaceTime: the difference was night and day.
       | Everything was smooth, the sound was better, no stuttering, we
       | could actually read things they held to the screen, etc.
       | 
       | It is a shame that FaceTime isn't easier to use as an alternative
       | to Slack-calls and screen sharing. At least last time I tried, or
       | I'd use it for work as well.
        
         | criddell wrote:
         | At one time, you could configure Skype to make a point-to-point
         | call and the quality was great provided both endpoints had high
         | bandwidth, low latency connections. Microsoft changed it to
         | make all calls go through their servers and the quality took a
         | big hit.
        
         | airstrike wrote:
         | I literally can't even type phone numbers into Skype on my
         | iPhone without a massive input delay that actually makes the
         | digits appear all at once, with their tones coming out like a
         | musical chord.
         | 
         | In the 21st century, this is unacceptable. The app is so clunky
         | I loathe using it but it's unfortunately still a good (the
         | best?) solution for dialing landlines and mobile phones abroad
         | for extended periods of time.
        
         | raviisoccupied wrote:
         | macOS Monterey will include screen sharing for FaceTime! It
         | should be released in a month or so.
        
           | smoldesu wrote:
           | Will the feature also be coming to older MacOS versions? The
           | only Mac I have on hand runs Mojave, and I have no intentions
           | of upgrading anytime soon.
        
       | lqet wrote:
       | > For those of you old enough to remember landlines, it reminds
       | me of those [...] When we all switched to cell service audio
       | quality took a huge hit
       | 
       | I don't understand - are landline phones not in use anymore? I
       | only use a landline phone to communicate with the family, because
       | I simply cannot stand the audio quality of cellphones for calls
       | which last longer than a few minutes.
       | 
       | Edit: In Germany, there are about 40 M active landlines. That is
       | 1 landline phone for every 2 inhabitants, and this number seems
       | to be have been fairly constant over the last 20 years [0].
       | 
       | [0]
       | https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/274339/umfrag...
        
         | the-dude wrote:
         | Landlines have been digitized too, a distinct difference to
         | what an analog landline offered.
         | 
         | It was more intimate, you could hear breathing for example.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | tuxoko wrote:
           | Why does digitization affect breathing sound? Isn't that
           | because of the position of mic of landline phones?
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | You mean packetized. Digital isochronous landline services
           | existed for decades. The "T" system was deployed by AT&T in
           | 1962. Digital telephony is in fact awesome. There's no reason
           | why "digital" needs to mean "it sucks". The reason voice over
           | mobile networks sounds terrible is because traditional
           | landline service uses a 64kbps isochronous channel and
           | lossless 8-bit/8kHz coding, while mobile uses a voice
           | estimation model that transmits its parameters every 20ms at
           | ~3-6kbps and suffers from frequent frame loss. VoIP can sound
           | much better than mobile but may occasionally suffer delay and
           | loss which never happened with traditional telephony.
        
           | wanderingstan wrote:
           | I had forgotten about hearing breathing; you're absolutely
           | right it was more intimate.
        
             | the-dude wrote:
             | As I remember it, one could be silent and still be
             | together.
        
           | elzbardico wrote:
           | I think that at least for long distance calls, landline calls
           | have been digitized and packet switched since the 70's,
           | didn't they?
        
             | EGreg wrote:
             | No. Otherwise why would things cost $3 a minute until VOIP?
        
               | philjohn wrote:
               | Because VOIP hadn't come along, so they had a monopoly
               | and could charge pretty much what they wanted.
               | 
               | They switched to digital because it reduced their costs,
               | instead of multiple trunk lines you could get away with
               | fewer fibre lines.
        
               | EGreg wrote:
               | Why didn't they compete with each other to bring costs
               | down?
               | 
               | You mean they had a cartel for decades, kept prices
               | artificially high, didn't compete and the government did
               | nothing?
               | 
               | Yeah sounds like the cablecompanies...
        
               | pfranz wrote:
               | > Why didn't they compete with each other to bring costs
               | down?
               | 
               | I remember that happening in the 90s due to deregulation
               | and breakup of at&t. 10-10-321 had a lot of commercials
               | in the 90s[1]. I'm sure they're on YouTube. Most people I
               | knew would go to a convenience store to buy a pre-paid
               | card for long distance. 1-800-collect was a similar
               | service that had a bunch of ads for calling collect.
               | 
               | It kind of makes calling confusing (and required going to
               | a store and buying something upfront), but I remember
               | younger people (who probably weren't paying for the
               | landline at home) never really considered using their
               | home phone's long distance service. I think most landline
               | services kept their high prices because the few that used
               | it were too lazy or didn't know better. I wouldn't be
               | surprised if it's still expensive (I haven't had a
               | landline in over a decade).
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10-10-321#History
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | Digital yes, packet switched no. Traditional long-distance
             | telephony was digital and circuit switched.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | It was also more hackable. You could litterally open up one
           | of those grey phone company stumps with a 7/16" socket, and
           | then just start rewiring the connections. I had a friend that
           | knew which cables ran to their house, and could use a couple
           | of wires to jump them to another line. They were able to
           | "borrow" someone's line and routed to the 2nd twisted pair
           | for their house. They rewired the phone jack in their room to
           | have a 2nd line. Everything was good until they forgot to
           | unplug the phone while they were not home, and someone rang
           | the other house and it rang in their room while the parental
           | units were home.
        
             | quesera wrote:
             | A great deal of (most?) last-mile connections are still
             | over copper, so this capability is still common.
        
         | calessian wrote:
         | I wonder how much that translates into actual use. A lot of
         | internet providers (in Germany) technically include a landline
         | using VoIP, but that doesn't reflect the number of calls
         | necessarily.
         | 
         | I've made some calls, but less than five in the last few years.
        
         | mdasen wrote:
         | Landlines are expensive in a lot of places. Looking it up, a
         | landline would cost me $70/mo which is significantly more than
         | my mobile plan.
         | 
         | I think different countries have different norms around things
         | like landlines - or even texting. In the US, people ignored
         | texting for a very long time and preferred to call people even
         | if it was just a short note.
         | 
         | In terms of audio quality, VoLTE has improved that quite a bit
         | when both sides will inter-operate with HD voice. Older stuff
         | often used 8-12kbps and primitive codecs to encode your voice
         | which simply a lot of compression. I know Speex has had some
         | great results at low bitrates, but that's a far newer codec.
         | However, I believe VoLTE's AMR-WB codec still chops everything
         | about 7,000 Hz. T-Mobile US and Verizon have both implemented
         | EVS which goes up to 14,000 Hz.
         | 
         | https://www.pcmag.com/how-to/how-to-make-your-cell-phone-cal...
         | 
         | Of course I'd find a Sascha Segan article when looking to
         | confirm some information. It has some great recordings to
         | compare and you can see huge differences depending on carrier
         | implementations. The Sprint-Sprint test shows very poor
         | quality. The T-Mobile 2G test also shows how old networks just
         | used poor codecs with limited bitrates. You can even hear
         | distinct differences between the T-Mobile-T-Mobile call and the
         | Verizon-Verizon call where the Verizon call just sounds
         | significantly less rich.
         | 
         | Back in the day, calls used a huge amount of network capacity.
         | Even today, because calls need a more guaranteed bitrate,
         | networks need to leave some extra room for them. 128kbps of
         | streaming music isn't the same as 128kbps of real-time voice
         | because the network can deliver 15 seconds of music and then it
         | can deliver the 16th second of music any time in the next 15
         | seconds. Real-time two-way communications don't have that
         | luxury. Still, bumping up the bitrate on communications makes a
         | big difference and networks today should be more than capable
         | of handling it.
         | 
         | I don't know what German operators have implemented, but cell
         | phones have come a decent way in terms of audio quality, though
         | carriers being lazy and interoperability problems can mean that
         | consumers don't always get the benefits in the real world.
        
           | olyjohn wrote:
           | My landline here near Seattle is around $60/mo. I don't know
           | why... back when I first set up a land line here, it was
           | $25/mo. The quality of the line has deteriorated so bad,
           | there's noise on it, they won't bother to fix it. A few years
           | ago the line had a physical break somewhere between my house
           | and the DSLAM. They switched me to another pair of copper. I
           | have 3 pairs of copper coming into my house, but now one is
           | totally dead, and I will never be able to use it again.
           | Apparently our street is at full capacity and they have no
           | plans to repair or add more lines.
           | 
           | The other problem with land lines is the amount of robocalls
           | you get on them. The phone companies offer no way to truly
           | block them. Every blocking service they offer relies on
           | Caller ID, and with the robocallers spoofing Caller ID and
           | randomizing numbers, the blocking is totally ineffective. I
           | literally get 5-8 calls a day. They used to offer a call
           | blocking service, where a machine would answer, and tell you
           | to hang up, or press 1 if you wanted to connect. This service
           | no longer exists, and the other call (ineffective) blocking
           | services (they offer at least 3 or 4) each cost about $6/mo
           | each. My belief is that they are making tons of money
           | allowing unauthenticated calls into their network, that they
           | have no desire to actually block any calls.
           | 
           | Also the relatively small number of landlines left leaves a
           | rather small audience of people to complain. So most people
           | don't even know this is a problem.
        
             | BuckRogers wrote:
             | >My belief is that they are making tons of money allowing
             | unauthenticated calls into their network, that they have no
             | desire to actually block any calls.
             | 
             | I've been waiting for that to happen on cell and landline
             | numbers. Authentication for the party calling. At this
             | point, there's no other option than legislation. Just
             | mandate how common voice services like landline and
             | cellular operate their business.
             | 
             | It needs to happen otherwise the only solution is to give
             | them up and only do our own outbound calling, never to
             | actually receive any calls at all.
             | 
             | Other options like blocking all calls from non-contacts is
             | risky because a call from a delivery driver or babysitter
             | in an emergency will be missed. It's about the only option
             | though for enduser today.
        
         | webmobdev wrote:
         | It is on the decline in India too:
         | 
         | > In the past decade, landline subscriber base has been on a
         | decline, with connections reducing from 36.76 million as of 31
         | January, 2010 to 20.58 million as of 31 January, 2020. Of the
         | total telecom 1.18 billion connections, only 20.26 million, or
         | less than 2%, were landline as of February. -
         | https://www.livemint.com/industry/telecom/trai-says-declinin...
         | 
         | (And yes, landline phones do offer better voice quality. Even
         | if I am calling from a cellphone, I prefer to call someone on
         | their landline. )
        
           | kkielhofner wrote:
           | I used to joke that even with extended frequency response,
           | etc cell phones and VoIP can certainly sound worse. I would
           | compare the Sprint "pin drop" commercials[0] to the (at the
           | time) Verizon Wireless "Can you hear my now?" campaign[1]
           | with the joke being - progress from a pin drop to yelling
           | "Can you hear me know? How's this? Is this better? Sorry
           | about that." 20 years of progress!
           | 
           | Of course now (for the most part) packet loss concealment and
           | other advanced technologies have equalized a bit of this but
           | there are still days where I miss B-channels on a T1 PRI.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4dIDl8sjJk
           | 
           | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lo0xsZCRp4g
        
         | wpm wrote:
         | Not really no. Landline calls are often worse than cell phones
         | in my experience as well, especially if the other person is on
         | a cordless landline.
        
         | dahfizz wrote:
         | Everyone already has cellphones, so a landline is an extra
         | monthly cost for something that you're already paying for.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | Unless you're of a certain age. People that already had long
           | established landlines continue to pay for them even after
           | getting a cell phone. And people still call them on those
           | numbers as thats the number people know and remember vs just
           | storing a cell number in their contacts.
           | 
           | Also, for people getting an internet signal from the phone
           | company (DSL), the landline was usually bundled in a package.
           | They tried to make them viable for as long as possible.
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | All the houses with grandparents in my family have lost
             | landlines since all the grandparents have phones.
             | 
             | Even the older grandmas who did not go past grade school
             | who do not know a non English non Latin language like to
             | use their WhatsApp to consume media from their cousins and
             | other friends/relatives. And of course, FaceTiming
             | grandkids.
        
           | majjam wrote:
           | Its spam calls that ruined it for me
        
       | myself248 wrote:
       | > They in fact do, a service called IDS or Apple Identity
       | Service.
       | 
       | Reminds me of
       | 
       | > The four F's: fighting fleeing feeding and mating
        
         | smoldesu wrote:
         | Looks like they acronym'd themselves into a corner, there.
        
         | malshe wrote:
         | I had to read the last line twice to get the joke!
        
       | nerdbaggy wrote:
       | Here is a good write up on how the WebRTC implementation works
       | for their new browser based calls.
       | https://webrtchacks.com/facetime-finally-faces-webrtc-implem...
        
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