[HN Gopher] Programmable icosahedral shell system for virus trap...
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       Programmable icosahedral shell system for virus trapping
        
       Author : NextGenLog
       Score  : 84 points
       Date   : 2021-08-18 13:39 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (cacm.acm.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (cacm.acm.org)
        
       | bbarnett wrote:
       | We already know that viruses play a role in cross species genetic
       | transfer.
       | 
       | And we still don't 100% know if HERV serves some real purpose or
       | not.
       | 
       | I hope this "all viruses" is "when we choose to go after specific
       | ones".
        
         | mdbauman wrote:
         | Yep, it sounds like a (semi?)unique structure is required for
         | each target virus.
         | 
         | > A specific combination of nucleotides is first modeled in
         | simulation to be the correct size to handle the target virus
        
           | chwzr wrote:
           | for my understanding its the combination of shell size and
           | coating which does the targeting.
        
           | silvester23 wrote:
           | From the article:
           | 
           | > Dietz said the interior of the shells were coated with
           | "antibodies specific for the hepatitis-B virus. You can think
           | of the shells as a generic platform; depending on your
           | selection of inner coatings, you can 'program' them to be
           | specific for a user-defined target virus."
        
         | JoeAltmaier wrote:
         | Um, you go ahead and volunteer for cross-species genetic
         | transfer experiments. I'll take the innoculation thanks.
        
       | toytoyr wrote:
       | What happens to the millions of traps floating inside a person's
       | bloodstream after they do their job? Do they eventually get
       | dismantled by the immune system?
        
         | tmikaeld wrote:
         | Maybe? It's formulated really badly, you don't know if they
         | mean the virus or the traps...
         | 
         | "Subsequent in vivo (within a living organism) testing on mice
         | showed the DNA-origami traps were capable of targeting
         | individual virions inside the body, disarming them without
         | disrupting bodily functions, and finally destroying them with
         | natural immunological mechanisms."
        
           | rolph wrote:
           | free floating DNA is a pathogenic state of affairs and will
           | be phagocytosed, the aptamer/virion complex will be shredded
           | and the molecular debris is incorporated into antigen
           | presenting complex initiating development of immunity
        
           | sjg007 wrote:
           | DNA and RNA get degraded all the time..
        
       | scotty79 wrote:
       | > Subsequent in vivo (within a living organism) testing on mice
       | showed the DNA-origami traps were capable of targeting individual
       | virions inside the body, disarming them without disrupting bodily
       | functions, and finally destroying them with natural immunological
       | mechanisms.
       | 
       | It's wonderfully surprising that body can have bunch of free
       | floating DNA constructs inside without triggering strong immune
       | response.
        
         | dnautics wrote:
         | > It's wonderfully surprising that body can have bunch of free
         | floating DNA constructs inside without triggering strong immune
         | response.
         | 
         | I would be very scared of a free floating DNA machinery
         | therapeutic, as Lupus is associated with anti-dsDNA, (to be
         | fair we don't know what direction the causal arrow is), and
         | it's such a long and chronic condition that I would doubt the
         | ability to model it in early stage preclinical or even find it
         | in phase I safety. For some conditions phase 4 is way too late.
        
           | spywaregorilla wrote:
           | yeah this feels like a prime candidate for sci fi "good thing
           | turned out to be a bad thing"
        
         | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
         | > Subsequent in vivo testing on mice showed the DNA-origami
         | traps were capable of targeting individual virions
         | 
         | ... in mice.
         | 
         | Sorry, that's an in-joke:
         | 
         | https://twitter.com/justsaysinmice
         | 
         | https://jamesheathers.medium.com/in-mice-explained-77b61b598...
        
         | UncleOxidant wrote:
         | Mouse bodies, anyway.
        
       | alecst wrote:
       | Original paper:
       | https://www.fradenlab.com/app/download/9774776565/s41563-021...
       | 
       | Edit: sorry for the previously bad link. Didn't notice.
       | 
       | From what I get, it looks like the traps basically smother the
       | viral shell and prevent it from interacting with any surfaces.
       | 
       | They tried a couple methods to achieve this. Either assembling
       | the shells around the virus, or starting with pre-assembled
       | shells with a hole in them (an icosahedron with a pentagon
       | missing.) For the latter case, they were able to neutralize more
       | than one viral particle by making the shells big enough.
       | 
       | My main question is how the viruses find their way reliably into
       | these preassembled traps.
        
         | Blackthorn wrote:
         | > My main question is how the viruses find their way reliably
         | into these preassembled traps.
         | 
         | I've always wondered that about enzymes, just one of the many
         | reasons I'm not a biochemist.
        
           | candiodari wrote:
           | Brownian motion means molecules inside your body move at
           | ~10000kph (and because it's random they don't go anywhere).
           | They're bouncing around at that speed inside a 30 cubic
           | micrometer ball.
           | 
           | At that speed they meet every other molecule. Not just meet,
           | but touch them everywhere, at every angle, in every
           | configuration.
        
       | eutectic wrote:
       | I guess this wouldn't work as a cure for HIV if it only kills
       | actively replicating virus. Still amazing if it works in
       | practice.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | gene-h wrote:
       | The traps require antibodies specific to the virus, so what's the
       | advantage of this over other antibody therapies? Producing
       | antibodies for therapies is expensive enough and producing DNA
       | origami may not necessarily scale.
        
         | sjg007 wrote:
         | DNA apatmers are used all the time in science. The key will be
         | productizing them for in vivo delivery. They would have to be
         | immuno-reactive only when they bind their target and the
         | response will need to be to the target and not the aptamer.
        
           | EGreg wrote:
           | That's APTAMERS btw for anyone reading
        
             | rolph wrote:
             | its good that you underscore that, there is the ADaptOmer
             | that is also a DNA strand but is used as an adapter to bind
             | two other molecular entities into an ADAPTOMER complex.
             | 
             | APtamers bind a single entity
        
       | chrisweekly wrote:
       | > "Using computational genetic engineering, researchers at the
       | Technical University of Munich (TUM) say they have invented a
       | method of killing any type of virus. The researchers say they
       | have demonstrated their solution on previously incurable
       | hepatitis-B viruses, and are next aiming at the coronavirus.
       | 
       | The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) origami base-pair key-in-lock
       | method they devised yields sphere-like icosahedral shells that
       | kill viruses by clamping around each virion (the complete,
       | infective form of a virus outside a host cell) until it is dead,
       | dead, dead."
       | 
       | This sounds pretty amazing. Human trials being "years away" is no
       | surprise, but here's hoping it gets there soon.
        
       | dynamite-ready wrote:
       | This sounds like an even bigger story than the Moderna HIV
       | vaccine trial post yesterday.
        
         | not2b wrote:
         | Don't think so. One is a promising-sounding experiment, the
         | other is a serious effort by a company with a track record of
         | delivering effective vaccine doses by the billion that already
         | has something ready for human trials.
        
       | dsign wrote:
       | This is very cool. But the article doesn't say anywhere if the
       | effect is high enough to cure disease.
        
       | dotcommand wrote:
       | Thought this was going to be about computer viruses and was
       | wondering how traps could possibly combat it. But alas it's about
       | biological viruses.
        
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       (page generated 2021-08-18 23:02 UTC)