[HN Gopher] Newtonian physics IS deterministic (sorry Norton) (2...
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       Newtonian physics IS deterministic (sorry Norton) (2017)
        
       Author : spekcular
       Score  : 26 points
       Date   : 2021-08-15 18:59 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.gruffdavies.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.gruffdavies.com)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | messe wrote:
       | A lot of this is missing the point. Norton's dome shows that the
       | mathematical formalism of Newtonian Mechanics admits non-
       | deterministic solutions. That's all. It's only an approximation
       | in the real world after all, so non-physical solutions aren't of
       | real interest in that context, but they are in a mathematical
       | one.
       | 
       | The fact that the author quibbles about units, when they've
       | failed to notice the Norton took `g=1`, makes it seem as if
       | they're not familiar with conventions in mathematical physics.
       | The addition of a constant `k` adds no value other than
       | converting between units, which aren't of interest here other
       | than as a bookkeeping mechanism, because we're not dealing with
       | any numerical quantities.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | whatshisface wrote:
         | > _the mathematical formalism of Newtonian Mechanics admits
         | non-deterministic solutions. That 's all._
         | 
         | I wouldn't say "that's all." If it actually does admit
         | nondeterministic solutions (I am not convinced that there is no
         | property or axiom buried in the formalism that forbids this
         | case somehow), then the next question is, does quantum
         | mechanics, which implies classical mechanics, admit
         | nondeterministic solutions? If not (wave mechanics has a way of
         | ignoring weird stuff when it only happens at a point), that
         | would make quantum mechanics a consequence of determinism, a
         | fairly shocking possibility.
        
       | whatshisface wrote:
       | Here's the Wiki article. It points to the lack of Lipschitz
       | continuity at the peak, which contrary to the author, I would
       | call out as a dead straight reason for the behavior to be non-
       | deterministic; because the proof of determinacy depends on
       | Lipschitz continuity.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton%27s_dome
        
         | davrosthedalek wrote:
         | Can somebody ELI5 how the "simple criticism" works in the
         | Indeterminate derivatives section? a) h=F/2m deltat^2 only if F
         | is in the direction of h, which it certainly isn't. (Also, if
         | anything, that should be a delta h). b) F is well defined at
         | r=0 (F=0)
        
       | whatshisface wrote:
       | I've thought about it, and as far as I can tell, there is no need
       | to construct this dome in such a strange way. A trajectory away
       | from from an unstable equilibrium will always start out with zero
       | kinetic energy, and I can't think of any cases where you couldn't
       | stitch together no motion at the equilibrium for t<0 with motion
       | away from it after that to get a solution that obeyed Newton's
       | laws and conservation of energy at all times.
       | 
       | That's not a resolution to the philosophical issue, but it could
       | help us come up with one, given that some other systems are so
       | much simpler but have the same property.
       | 
       | So, if anyone wants to think about this, you can think about
       | x''(x) = -x^2 just as productively, without the extra complexity.
        
         | messe wrote:
         | This is a response to part of your comment before you deleted
         | and re-commented. I just thought it was an interesting point to
         | add, and your comment helps give it some context.
         | 
         | > [...] I always thought the only necessary initial conditions
         | were position and velocity or position and momentum, a case is
         | presented where that doesn't happen. It's implied in the
         | exposition of Hamiltonian mechanics that those are the only
         | variables that describe a particle at a point in time, and
         | that's how it is treated in computational simulations.
         | 
         | There's usually an implicit assumption that the functions
         | you're dealing with are sufficiently smooth (differentiable as
         | much as you want at all points). In Norton's dome, the
         | derivative of the height of the surface (the slope) does not
         | exist at r=0 because d/dr sqrt(r) = 1/(2sqrt(r)).
        
           | davrosthedalek wrote:
           | Wait, no, height h propto r^3/2, so dh/dr propto r^1/2. So
           | the slope is well defined, I think. The derivative of the
           | slope isn't, but that's fine.
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | What about F = -k x^2/m?
        
             | messe wrote:
             | What about it? x^2 is a C^\infty function, differentiable
             | and continuous everywhere.
        
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