[HN Gopher] The rise of the one-person unicorn
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The rise of the one-person unicorn
        
       Author : kiyanwang
       Score  : 258 points
       Date   : 2021-08-15 08:47 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nothingventured.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nothingventured.com)
        
       | xwdv wrote:
       | Any developer through sheer will can mold himself into a one man
       | startup that builds a powerful product that normally requires the
       | efforts of a massive team.
       | 
       | Where things typically fall apart is when it comes time for
       | maintenance and support.
        
         | granshaw wrote:
         | I'm sorry, yes, any dev can build a product, but is it
         | something people will pay money to buy? That is 90% of the
         | problem. If you have to do support, count yourself lucky cause
         | that means you actually have customers
        
       | abz10 wrote:
       | Lol, this is me, a 100x dev, screwed over by big co employer.
       | Decide to go solo and slowly build a company to compete with
       | them. Started part time 12 years ago. I think I could easily hit
       | $1B valuation within 10 years. It is already super profitable and
       | still growing. Eventually I'll cost the competitors so much
       | business that it'll be much cheaper for them to buy me out for
       | $Bs. If not it'll still throw off $Ms in cash per year.
        
         | renewiltord wrote:
         | Congratulations. What are you working on?
        
           | abz10 wrote:
           | It's one of those secret but profitable niches.
        
             | halfmatthalfcat wrote:
             | Oh yeah, _those_. Heard a lot about them. Good luck!
        
             | everybodyknows wrote:
             | >throw off $Ms in cash per year.
             | 
             | >secret
             | 
             | What sort of businesses fit within those constraints? The
             | only ones that come to mind are illegal ...
        
               | abz10 wrote:
               | Cash, as in free cash flow. Maybe not the best usage of
               | the term, but better than revenue. And secret in that
               | people in this niche don't advertise the opportunity as
               | new competition would cut into profits.
        
         | Rezwoodly wrote:
         | Ahhhh, the Internet.. I too am a 100x dev who is on the fast
         | track for a billion dollar pay day
        
         | soneca wrote:
         | Are you 100x more productive than an average dev? Is that what
         | _"100x dev"_ means?
        
           | riku_iki wrote:
           | By my definition 10x/100x dev means a person who makes
           | decision which require 100x less resources to execute to
           | achieve the same goal. For example, one can build clean,
           | maintainable and monitored codebase/infra, which will support
           | business goals and rapid evolution in long term, while some
           | group of mediocre engineers can build overcomplicated system,
           | over-polluted by bugs and technical debt, which will be
           | significant liability rather than useful asset.
        
             | abz10 wrote:
             | I'm amused that the 100x dev caught more flack than a
             | likely solo $B bootstrap. In my view developer ability
             | follows the Pareto distribution.
             | 
             | I was born to program and have done it all my life and it's
             | all I do. I've been formally trained and have worked at
             | world leading research institutions. I've always been
             | considered a bit of a freak by my peers.
             | 
             | I currently have two direct competitors, both have 100s of
             | developers and are staffed by thousands. Despite starting
             | after them I was able to ship a key feature long before
             | them.
        
           | cornel_io wrote:
           | That's probably what it means but it's also a weird thing to
           | measure because depending how you define "average" you can
           | juke the stats any way you want. If I said "hire" to a random
           | resume that comes in for a job, the value of either the
           | median or mean developer is likely very close to zero if not
           | negative, and that's probably true even if you just look at
           | devs who are actually employed writing code for generic
           | companies. If you restrict to better companies you _quickly_
           | climb the productivity curve, and at places like Google it 's
           | pretty rare to find someone who is a 10x dev as compared to
           | company peers (though you can have 10 or 100x _impact_ pretty
           | easily if you 're good at almost any part of business other
           | than writing code and know how to thrive in a bloated
           | corporate environment).
        
           | abz10 wrote:
           | Yes, I would rate my development productivity to be roughly
           | 100x of an average developer.
        
       | deworms wrote:
       | This is an advertisement, it's admitted at the very end of this
       | "article".
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | aww_dang wrote:
       | I like the idea of solo development. However, I don't see the
       | value in the solutions offered. A marketplace for css components?
       | A headline generator or optimizer?
       | 
       | Maybe I am just too close to the technology to appreciate what
       | people are buying.
        
         | madamelic wrote:
         | > A headline generator or optimizer?
         | 
         | Headlime used GPT-3 so you could write a prompt and it would
         | produce copy for your landing page.
         | 
         | It may have been niche, but it would really well and helped
         | rather than having to brainstorm my own.
        
         | jFriedensreich wrote:
         | that is kind of part of the equation. these super successful
         | one-person shows build things that sound extremely niche,
         | trivial to sometimes even stupid. But that is the reason they
         | can grow their companies under the radar. the key part is that
         | they know about a real pain their audience has and that
         | audience happens to be much much bigger than outsiders or even
         | the founders themselves thought/think.
        
           | peterthehacker wrote:
           | Finding a market like that sounds really difficult to do. How
           | does someone discover a market like this without a ton of
           | luck?
        
             | ren_engineer wrote:
             | by being directly involved in other areas and seeing the
             | problems that non-developers wouldn't know how to fix
             | 
             | the problem with most software engineers is they only know
             | tech. Most of these "niche" businesses are created at the
             | intersection of tech and marketing/design/business
        
             | kjksf wrote:
             | You say it's luck.
             | 
             | I say the universe is sending you lots of signals.
             | 
             | Most people ignore those signals. The "lucky" ones are
             | simply perceptive.
             | 
             | To give you a concrete example.
             | 
             | There was this app Screenhero that was acquired by Slack in
             | 2017.
             | 
             | There was a HN thread about it and it erupted with people
             | saying "oh no, I'm using this and it'll go away. how
             | awful!".
             | 
             | The thread: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15552042
             | 333 points, 147 comments
             | 
             | Just from that thread you could tell:
             | 
             | * there's an app with obvious business model (monthly pay
             | per user), immune to piracy (everything is mediated by
             | their servers; no account, the app doesn't work) * the
             | functionality was deemed valuable enough by Slack to
             | acquire a startup that barely got off the ground * people
             | love this app
             | 
             | The Universe sent a clear signal.
             | 
             | Hacker News is supposed to be a breeding ground for hackers
             | that are interested in building software businesses.
             | 
             | How many of the people that read the Slack HN acquisition
             | thread fired up Visual Studio or XCode and started building
             | a copy of Screenhero?
             | 
             | Zero. Everyone ignored the signal.
             | 
             | It's even worse than that. I actually made that point in
             | 2017, in that same HN thread:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15555488
             | 
             | I spelled out the obvious opportunity for the tens of
             | thousands of people who must have read that post. It was
             | even the top voted comment.
             | 
             | Everyone ignore the signal.
             | 
             | BTW: "clone Screenhero" opportunity is mostly gone. Not
             | completely but there are at least 2 startups cloning it.
             | 
             | I'm pretty sure it took at least 2 years before they
             | started copying Screenhero (one of the startups is actually
             | by a guy from the original team, I think).
             | 
             | So for at least 2 years there was a clear opportunity to
             | build a multi-million dollar business by a very small team.
        
               | peterthehacker wrote:
               | But your example, Screenhero clones like Pop
               | (https://pop.com/), are in a large, competitive market.
               | That doesn't fit the qualifications of a small,
               | underserved niche like the article describes.
        
             | going_to_800 wrote:
             | I fit very well in the article description. It's not only
             | about finding the right niche and riding the wave, is also
             | about execution, otherwise competitors will eat you.
             | 
             | There's luck involved of course, but after 10 failed tries
             | you'll get an eye for it. Just an example: there are sub-
             | markets that don't have specialized products, they all use
             | products built for everyone instead that specific niche,
             | like instead of a CRM for everyone niche it down as CRM for
             | mechanics (i'm sure there are many of them, but you get the
             | idea).
        
             | jasongrishkoff wrote:
             | As someone who pulled this off, it was less about discovery
             | and more about being part of it already. The problems are
             | much easier to understand and address when they're actually
             | problems you're facing yourself.
        
         | sudhirj wrote:
         | It's very often a niche the founder themselves are part of. If
         | the founder writes content and builds a headline A/B tester,
         | it's often possible to make a tool, so some adwords and
         | marketing and get a couple thousand sales at less than a $100 a
         | month each.
        
         | motoboi wrote:
         | When you have the whole world as your market, even super niche
         | products can make a lot of money.
        
       | ausbah wrote:
       | is this stuff really that new? I feel like I've been reading
       | about solo founders who are able to bootstrap some company into
       | the hundreds of thousands to low millions per year, for several
       | years now on this site
       | 
       | what seem new is all the products around it, like "micro private
       | equity"
        
       | MrAwesome wrote:
       | Does anyone have a list of good resources / tools / communities
       | for solo creators?
       | 
       | I recently decided to take a solo project and run with it. The
       | technical promise is real, and I'm excited about my vision for
       | it. Unfortunately in this context, I've spent all 10+ years of my
       | career in scientific computing and big tech - so despite having a
       | few friends in the startup world, most of this is really new to
       | me, and I don't actually know anyone who has gone the solopreneur
       | / micro-startup route.
       | 
       | Any and all tips, tricks, pointers, articles, and advice are
       | welcome - I'm really excited to take this risk, but I'm feeling
       | increasingly clueless about how to handle many of the
       | organizational / non-technical aspects of this process.
        
         | ac2u wrote:
         | https://www.indiehackers.com/
        
           | MrAwesome wrote:
           | Perfect, thank you. Looks like an invitation code is needed
           | to sign up, if any generous soul would like to send one to
           | glenn.hope[at]protonmail.com I would be forever grateful!
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | cushychicken wrote:
       | I had to tell someone so I'll say it here: the unicorn centaur in
       | the title image disturbs me. XD
        
       | leroman wrote:
       | In todays market where developers are commoditized "resources"
       | it's only logical for the "ninjas" or "superstars" who repeatedly
       | see their role being perceived as "working bees" who don't want
       | to fall into this management / worker dichotomy or choose serving
       | a "management" queen.. to rebel and redefine the work as they see
       | fit, a good enough business where work is done and is more
       | aligned with the interests of the working class, so no VCs and no
       | conforming to top to bottom hierarchies.. just work
        
         | unixhero wrote:
         | You have precisely described me.
         | 
         | One man army, taking projects in megacorps. I answer to no one.
        
           | andruby wrote:
           | I applaud your devotion!
           | 
           | At what point do you start to answer "to your customers"
           | though?
           | 
           | This sometimes holds me back from rebelling. Exchanging 1
           | boss for a 100 customers that all have expectations.
        
             | ipaddr wrote:
             | You pick your customers and who you want to support. Pick
             | wisely..
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | unixhero wrote:
             | You exchange the relationship from boss to customer and
             | business partner. You divide your customer facing work unto
             | three categories: DELIVERY, MANAGEMENT, STEERING
             | 
             | The relationship must be strong and you must have a working
             | relationship, can never be caustic. Make sure that you are
             | making the customer shine, always. Be a trusted advisor
             | when you can. Say yes a lot, but setting expectations and
             | saying no is also okay and important.
             | 
             | Risk tolerance and thick skin is key. The financial reward
             | is sky high.
        
         | bob33212 wrote:
         | Reaching 1B valuation would require hiring a lot of people, but
         | building a startup that normally cost 15M to build in less than
         | a year is very doable.
        
           | djoldman wrote:
           | You might be surprised. Instagram was bought for 1B and had
           | 13 employees at that time.
           | 
           | "Instagram launched 10 years ago. By the time it was bought
           | by Facebook in 2012, it only had 13 employees -- including
           | founders Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger."
        
             | azinman2 wrote:
             | That's a very, very rare story.
        
               | wombatpm wrote:
               | Hence the unicorn designation. If it was common every 10
               | year old girl would have one
        
               | azinman2 wrote:
               | There are many startups that have reached unicorn (1B)
               | valuation by this point. Very very few of those have less
               | than 20 employees.
        
               | carom wrote:
               | Is that a necessary condition though or due to the
               | environment? A security company I worked for got acquired
               | and in a relatively short time they went from 100 to 300
               | to 600 quickly in preparation for the acquisition. I am
               | not sure those people were required for the valuation or
               | if they were part of the standard game plan of a sale.
        
               | motoxpro wrote:
               | Probably seems more rare because the only stories you
               | hear are "X raises 100 million" instead of "X is a
               | profitable company serving a tiny niche making 100
               | million in revenue"
        
               | mandeepj wrote:
               | Not really that rare. Have you heard about Whatsapp,
               | AppDynamics, LinkedIn acquisitions?
        
         | c-smile wrote:
         | Yeah, exactly.
         | 
         | I left Software Architect / UI position at big corp when
         | management had ordered to use then-hot Angular on large web
         | app. Without investigation, acceptance testing, etc. Just
         | unconditional directive.
         | 
         | I had Sciter[1] prototype at that moment - used as self-
         | teaching tool to understand how browsers work.
         | 
         | Since then I am almost solo (one or two contractors sometimes)
         | on the project. ~10 years of non-disturbed (literally) flight.
         | 
         | [1] https://sciter.com
        
       | throw0101a wrote:
       | IIRC, the dating site Plenty of Fish was a one-man operation for
       | quite a while:
       | 
       | > _In 2004, Plenty of Fish became a full-time money making
       | business for Markus.[10] He ran the site independently until
       | 2008, when he began hiring other employees at his new Vancouver
       | headquarters._
       | 
       | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POF_(dating_website)
       | 
       | It didn't quite hit unicorn status ($1B), as he sold it for
       | "only" $500M.
        
         | ipaddr wrote:
         | Interesting after they were bought they kind of fell off the
         | map. That's typical
        
           | ornornor wrote:
           | They also removed a couple of the posts that showed,
           | supported by hard numbers from their analytics, that several
           | things that match.com et al. will sell their users hard on
           | don't work at all and can even negatively affect your odds of
           | being successful of the site.
           | 
           | These posts were deleted shortly after the acquisition but
           | they're probably still in archive.org etc.
        
             | paulgb wrote:
             | Heh, the same thing happened to Ok Cupid. (Caches of) one
             | of the posts occasionally resurface on HN, as here:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25055501
        
               | ornornor wrote:
               | I might be mixing them up, it could very well have been
               | ok Cupid that I was thinking of.
        
           | cutler wrote:
           | Markus was shrewd enough to see how the business was changing
           | in terms of the cost of providing a free service and jumped
           | ship accordingly. At least that's how I read it.
        
           | vxNsr wrote:
           | Yea, they were bought by that dating conglomerate, I'm
           | guessing the users have been rolled into one pot, instead of
           | keeping them separate
        
       | mtc010170 wrote:
       | One thing I've been wondering about, as someone who's considering
       | making the switch.. is the role of hiring contractors for things
       | you yourself aren't a specialist in (ex: for me, design). When I
       | hear "one-person" and read posts like this, they sometimes give
       | the impression that indie hackers do everything themselves..
       | which I imagine is really not the case. Does anyone have insight
       | into that?
        
         | JoiDegn wrote:
         | Yes that's right. Almost none of these people have built
         | everything themselves. Design, copy writing, marketing,
         | development, accounting are just some of the things that can be
         | outsourced easily.
         | 
         | Source: myself building https://subledger.app
        
           | mellavora wrote:
           | From the landing page, subledger seems pretty useful. Good
           | success!
        
         | Jack000 wrote:
         | I started out designing everything from scratch, but realized
         | it's 10 times faster to just use a commercial vue/html theme.
         | You don't need _custom_ design, especially if your product is
         | not design-related.
         | 
         | It's absolutely possible to do everything yourself. Most skills
         | relevant to indies have a low "skill ceiling" - ie. it's easy
         | to learn just enough to be dangerous.
        
       | peterthehacker wrote:
       | > In this universe, of bootstrapping to several hundred thousand
       | per month in revenue, a founder can walk away with $5m, $10m,
       | $20m (depending on the multiple) in around half the time it'd
       | take to build a "unicorn".
       | 
       | The odds of this level of success for a solo bootstrapped founder
       | is much smaller when you don't raise. If you look at the stats on
       | startup success (exits), funding has a strong positive
       | correlation.
       | 
       | There are good and bad reasons to raise capital and many startups
       | do raise for bad reasons, but that doesn't mean that funding is
       | inherently bad or should be eliminated as an option.
        
         | cj wrote:
         | The common rational used as a counterpoint (including during my
         | time at YC) was "if taking on $xx million in exchange for 20%
         | of the company increases the value of your equity by more than
         | 20%, it's a win-win.
         | 
         | The one (major) caveat is that taking on significant funding
         | also means you need to repay all of the amount raised when you
         | sell your company (legally referred to as a 1x liquidation
         | preference).
         | 
         | My main worry for modern day SaaS founders raising giant seed
         | rounds (often $5-10mm) is that after taking that money, you've
         | now raised the minimum price you would need to sell the company
         | for you or your employees to financially gain from a sales.
         | 
         | After raising $10mm, if you go and sell for $12mm a year later,
         | the first $10mm goes straight back to your investors, and the
         | left over $2mm goes to whoever owns the shares of the company.
         | 
         | When a startup that raised a $10mm seed goes on to raise a
         | $25mm Series A, the company can no longer sell for less than
         | $35mm (1x liquidation preference to investors).
         | 
         | In other words, we're seeing a shift of mindset to one of "go
         | big or go home, there's no middle ground".
         | 
         | The one exception is sometimes VCs allow founders to take money
         | off the table during large rounds (but of course that often
         | doesn't trickle down to employees with stock options, etc).
         | 
         | And then there are founders who accept 2x or 3x liquidation
         | preference terms, which double or triple to problem described
         | above.
         | 
         | This is just one of many reasons I favor bootstrapping and
         | reinvesting profits for long-term organic growth rather than
         | short-term VC-fueled hypergrowth.
        
         | graderjs wrote:
         | Peter the Thiel? How very out of character to be pushing fund
         | raising
        
         | imgabe wrote:
         | What are the odds, exactly?
         | 
         | I don't see where they say that VC funding should be
         | eliminated, just that this is another option that more people
         | are pursuing.
        
           | peterthehacker wrote:
           | This has been analyzed by many, but the stats you see
           | reported often are that 9/10 startups fail while 7/10
           | venture-backed startups fail [0]. Perhaps the reason why a
           | startup has no investor interest is because the market is too
           | small, so cutting the data by TAM (if possible) might be
           | interesting. We don't have data for these micro-TAM startups
           | showing whether they succeed more or less than any other
           | startup. But the data we do have does show an advantage to
           | raising money from VC vs. not. But to be clear, my point is
           | that funding should be a more complicated and nuanced
           | discussion. And if there's a $5M+ potential return, like the
           | author proposes, then there should be investor interest. The
           | question is whether it's a good idea for the company to
           | raise.
           | 
           | [0] https://review42.com/resources/what-percentage-of-
           | startups-f...
        
         | lugged wrote:
         | Survivorship bias.
         | 
         | One person unicorns don't generally exit in the same way, this
         | whole article was about the problems trying to raise for small
         | one person companies.
        
           | peterthehacker wrote:
           | How is that survivorship bias?
           | 
           | Bootstrapped, small, one person companies are still startups,
           | where the odds of success are less than 10%, while venture-
           | backed startups is 20%-30%. [0][1] What non-survivors are
           | excluded from these cohorts?
           | 
           | [0] https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390443720204578
           | 004... [1] https://www.embroker.com/blog/startup-statistics/
        
           | fighterpilot wrote:
           | And selection bias. The most successful startups attract the
           | most VC interest.
           | 
           | It's like Harvard grads. Yes, they're a very high calibre and
           | more successful on average, but a lot (not all) of that is
           | selection instead of creation.
        
         | 41209 wrote:
         | That's not a fair comparison.
         | 
         | If I'm able to raise funding, it means that some very smart
         | people think they'll be able to get their money back.
         | 
         | Compare this to just me creating a website vowing to re invent
         | bowing. No one's looked at my business plan. Do I even have a
         | business plan ?
        
           | lostcolony wrote:
           | -Thank- you. I scrolled through all the replies until I saw
           | this one, because it seemed like such an obvious reason for
           | why there would be a correlation. The first is "someone had
           | an idea", and the latter is "someone had an idea that
           | outsiders vetted and decided to put money towards". Of course
           | the latter would be more likely to succeed. That doesn't mean
           | the latter would not have succeeded had they foregone
           | investing, nor that the former would have succeeded had they
           | only been able to raise funds.
        
             | ilrwbwrkhv wrote:
             | Ehh. If you look at the VC world, it is hard for the VCs to
             | bet right. Which means it is essentially just a gamble.
        
               | lostcolony wrote:
               | So you're saying you disagree with the parent that
               | started this thread, that there isn't even a correlation.
               | I'm not saying I agree, just that even if there is such a
               | correlation it does not imply causation, for a -very-
               | obvious reason.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | throw63738 wrote:
         | "Leave" is wrong idea in this context. If it generates money,
         | hire some support staff and just leave it running. Do not sell,
         | where would u invest anyway? $5m profit over a few years is
         | very common for a small businesses.
        
           | kayhi wrote:
           | 5m in profit in a few years seems very rare from my
           | experience talking with small business owners.
        
         | madamelic wrote:
         | The nice thing about solo bootstrapped is that it is extremely
         | quick & easy to cut losses.
         | 
         | Most 'indie hacker' founders have 5 - 10+ failed businesses
         | that didn't grow fast enough or just weren't quite right.
         | 
         | The indie hacker scene is pretty different from your typical VC
         | startup where a business is 3 - 5 years minimum, most indie
         | hackers are running on time frames of 1 - 3 months to gain
         | traction.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | axegon_ wrote:
       | From a personal point of view, I completely disagree here. The
       | one-person thing is just not doable, no matter how hard you
       | believe/try. I've attempted this countless times and my
       | motivation and dedication never cut it, no matter how hard I
       | push. It's an inhumane amount of work for a single person to
       | handle. And there is one specific moment that I've been able to
       | pin-point every single time. I end up making a ton of progress:
       | bootstrapping a development environment, databases, frameworks,
       | containers, yada, yada, yada, I end up building a tons of things
       | and just as I feel extremely happy and motivated, I take a step
       | back and suddenly I see how many small details I need to fix up,
       | as well as how much stuff there is still to be done and how much
       | more would pop up to fix, polish and clear up and even a small
       | project ends up feeling like infinity and depression and
       | frustration kicks in. In my experience having at least one other
       | person is at least a good frustration and prevention mechanism.
       | That said, finding someone who's on board is equally hard.
        
         | throwawayboise wrote:
         | Never worry about the big picture. It's too easy to get
         | overwhelmed. Sure, have an idea where you want to go, but don't
         | worry about all the steps it will take to get there. Worry
         | about the next thing. And then the next thing. And little by
         | little you will have suddenly made a lot of progress.
        
           | axegon_ wrote:
           | Easier said than done it seems. I reckon I've abandoned at
           | least 7-8 projects I took pretty far in the last decade,
           | everything ended the same way-collecting dust in a repo or on
           | an old drive. At this point even if something interesting
           | comes to my mind, I shrug it off and ignore it or just share
           | it online somewhere or tell someone. Maybe someone else has a
           | stronger will than I do, idk. Still secretly hoping that
           | eventually I'll meet someone as motivated as I can get so we
           | can push each other but seems incredibly unlikely.
        
             | motoxpro wrote:
             | 10 years / 7 or 8 projects is about 1.3 years on average.
             | It takes a long time to build a company and a product as
             | one person. Sounds like you have been giving up a bit
             | prematurely. Or if you would like results in that time,
             | make an MVP instead of trying to build a feature complete
             | product.
        
       | giorgioz wrote:
       | I've been a solopreneur boostrapping waiterio.com for 6 years and
       | then 2 more years with 1-3 fulltime team members with a 20k MRR
       | after 8 years. I've chosen the bootstrap SaaS path after working
       | 1 year in Silicon Valley. I thought all my life my dream was to
       | build incredible stuff in Silicon Valley, then I got there and I
       | didn't like it enough. When I was there I felt lonely and tired
       | and sad. Despite having rare skills as Android and iOS developer
       | 10 YEARS AGO my manager assigned me to build landing pages. This
       | was after not passing hiring interviews for Facebook/Google but
       | still getting in one of the big ones. I felt unappreciated and
       | pushed to work a lot on something that wasn't even my specialty.
       | The Silicon Valley is/was a sausage fest and it was very hard
       | dating. When I pitched at events I felt I wasn't being considered
       | at all. I was and I am too afraid that the fact I am Italian
       | and/or a pragmatic and nerdy developer with no salesy wowing
       | pitch skills would let others with little technical skills and a
       | big mouth take all the venture funds.
       | 
       | I left the Silicon Valley and started to work on waiterio.com
       | while travelling the world. I lived in 10+ countries for 6 months
       | each, I saw the world, met a lot of interesting people and found
       | love.
        
         | cblconfederate wrote:
         | Where are the forums for people with this mindset? It used to
         | be you could talk small-scale entrepreneurship on webdev forums
         | of old, but now there s too much talk of raising
         | money/marketing to death/bulshit your way up/game the system
        
           | richardw wrote:
           | https://microconf.com/ and surrounds
        
         | SilurianWenlock wrote:
         | What sort of tech stack do you need for these types of
         | businesses?
        
           | cutler wrote:
           | I was wondering too, particularly whether most MVPs and early
           | stage startups are web apps (React, Vue etc.) delaying native
           | mobile versions.
        
         | wiradikusuma wrote:
         | How do you approach your potential customers? I applaud your
         | effort, I was in your shoes. But for your idea (SaaS for
         | restaurants), your competitors probably hire an army of sales
         | because restaurant owners are busy with day-to-day and
         | relatively not high-tech.
        
           | giorgioz wrote:
           | Yes indeed. My (huge amount of) competitors indeed have an
           | army of sales.
           | 
           | If you are David and the others are Goliath just don't play
           | the same game they are playing because you are bound to lose.
           | Find out what you are good at and play a completely different
           | game from them.
           | 
           | We don't do sales. 8 years ago Waiterio was just a mobile app
           | and got the customers from the app stores. These days we do a
           | lot of content marketing and i18n.
           | 
           | Are you a founder from a non English speaking country? I'll
           | be extracting my internal tools for content marketing and
           | i18n. Write me here if you would like to give it a try.
        
             | cornel_io wrote:
             | You don't want to necessarily play the same game as your
             | competitors, but you should probably consider at least
             | building up an understanding of what it is they're doing,
             | why, and whether there are lighter versions of it that you
             | can achieve. The 80/20 rule can go a long way, and a B2B
             | company that "doesn't do sales" is probably leaving a lot
             | of easy money on the table, depending what exactly that
             | means (do you just not do high-touch individual pitching?
             | Or no advertising at all? [Sounds like you do some of that
             | at least, which is a kind of sales] Do you try to use
             | existing customers to get referrals to new ones? If a
             | potential customer does want to talk to someone do you
             | support that? Etc).
             | 
             | The best CEOs I've known are basically sales people, and
             | they all tell me that it's a skill you really can learn,
             | even with a language barrier - I know several Indian tech
             | folks who sell like _crazy_ in the US even as I can barely
             | understand their accents, so it 's not an insurmountable
             | barrier, though I do understand that's a bit of a special
             | case since the Indian culture is very keen on teaching
             | negotiation and sales as a life skill and a lot of the
             | dealings end up being with other Indian entrepreneurs.
        
             | wiradikusuma wrote:
             | Would love to! I'm a dev, if it's open source, maybe I can
             | help improve it. Btw I don't see anyway to reach you in
             | your HN profile.
        
         | Abishek_Muthian wrote:
         | Congratulations for doing what you love!
         | 
         | I decided to close my startup after I woke up from a surgery
         | which had 50% chance of survival because until couple of hours
         | before the surgery I was typing the product strategy to my
         | shareholders in case I die. Then I spent the next whole year
         | winding up my startup in midst of recovery and the whole
         | process still gives me PTSD.
         | 
         | So I decided to go solo, to build what I want and possibly what
         | others need. I've been doing it for past 2 years and I'm happy.
        
           | throwawayboise wrote:
           | Are you earning income from what you are building now?
        
         | magpi3 wrote:
         | Very inspiring. Thank you for sharing.
        
         | m00dy wrote:
         | For those thinking the Silicon Valley is still a sausage fest,
         | I suggest you guys to try Northern Europe. Good life, nice pay
         | and amazing women :)
        
           | ardit33 wrote:
           | They are low key racist though (compared to the US). They are
           | kinda racist to other Europeans. Eg Polish people and
           | Southern Europeans would be looked down.
        
             | Veen wrote:
             | That's a bizarre generalisation.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | ardit33 wrote:
               | 1. I lived in Sweden, and kinda experienced this. I was
               | treated much better when I told people I live in the
               | US/NYC. Also my colleagues there had hard time making
               | friends.
               | 
               | 2. Norway is staunchly anti-immigrant for a reason. It
               | has resources and they like to keep it that way. They
               | wont even give visas to foreign grand-parents unless one
               | of the grandparents has died. This happened to my dad's
               | friend. His daughter married to a Norwegian, he couldn't
               | stay more than few weeks at a time with his grandchildren
               | (treated like a tourist). Finally when he died from
               | cancer, wis wife (the grandmother), finally could. This
               | is especially cruel from a country that has trilions of
               | oil money. (The US sytem, while flawed, is very family
               | friendly).
               | 
               | 3. Danemark had enough, and it is turning to the right
               | and started doing all kinds of ant-immigration laws.
               | 
               | Denmark's immigrants forced out by government policies:
               | https://www.chathamhouse.org/2021/06/denmarks-immigrants-
               | for...
               | 
               | Now, the OP, said came to north europe as they are plenty
               | of women. I am warning the OP as he will face some kind
               | of low key discrimination as those countries
               | traditionally have been mono-enthnic nation states, and
               | as a foreigner you will always be treated like an
               | 'other'.
               | 
               | Just giving it the reality on the ground. I know the US
               | gets a lot of flack about racist this, or that, but the
               | reality the US is the least racist country among western
               | countries. Europe is on another level. They discriminate
               | routinely against other europeans.
               | 
               | The main complain in the UK during brexit was about
               | Romanians and Polish plumbers taking the jobs away....
        
               | m00dy wrote:
               | well, I am from Turkey and I have been living in Denmark
               | for 5 years.
               | 
               | I really understand what you are saying. I think that
               | Racism is everywhere and it is not specific to Northern
               | Europe. During my 7 years in Europe, I have developed
               | some sort of immunity for low key discrimination and I
               | have been lucky enough to build my social circle. So, I
               | don't care right now much.
               | 
               | P.S: I'm white, good-looking and have European look. I
               | think these are also important.
        
           | rexreed wrote:
           | Where specifically in Northern Europe do you suggest? What is
           | the visa situation and cost of living? I'm assuming any
           | mobility will be difficult in COVID era.
        
             | dgellow wrote:
             | Mobility is easy within the EU. Assuming you're vaccinated
             | of course.
        
             | m00dy wrote:
             | If I were you and If I were in my 20s, I would definitely
             | go to Berlin.
        
           | istorical wrote:
           | which part of northern europe? my experience was that it was
           | cool but not particularly different in that respect
        
         | mark_l_watson wrote:
         | Great story, thanks for sharing it. I have a friend who has
         | been an entrepreneur his whole life, many different kinds of
         | businesses. He wanted to partner with me eight years ago to
         | write something similar to your Waiterio product, but I have
         | always been hesitant to give up just working for pay. Your
         | story, and this article is inspiring, but probably not enough
         | for me. It is difficult in life to give up successful paths for
         | the unknown.
        
           | granshaw wrote:
           | I often say that high dev salaries are both a blessing and a
           | curse for entrepreneur-minded devs. The opportunity cost and
           | bar for success can be insanely high
        
         | asimpletune wrote:
         | Where did you meet your love?
        
           | 55555 wrote:
           | Asking the right questions!
        
         | brtkdotse wrote:
         | How on earth do you afford 1-3 team members on 20k MRR?
        
           | fencepost wrote:
           | A big part is probably not being in Silicon Valley or any
           | other high cost of living location. T&C has governing law in
           | England & Wales so remove company paid healthcare insurance
           | as a big factor.
        
           | jason0597 wrote:
           | You pay them $70k instead of $150k
        
       | valenterry wrote:
       | If I have a SaaS (e.g. website that offers some service) then is
       | there a good service that takes care of the technical part of
       | user registration, payment and user support / CRM?
       | 
       | Even if there are services like stripe and Auth0, as a solo
       | developer it takes considerable time to connect all these
       | together to get the basic functionality to actually sell things
       | and integrate it into my product.
        
         | heliodor wrote:
         | Search for SaaS skeleton or boilerplate. Examples:
         | 
         | https://www.saaspegasus.com/
         | 
         | https://usegravity.app/
         | 
         | https://buildasaasappwithflask.com/
         | 
         | https://bullettrain.co/
         | 
         | https://www.saasforge.dev/
         | 
         | https://nodewood.com/
         | 
         | https://mernkit.com/
        
         | kolaente wrote:
         | Stripe is incredibly good. And then there's stuff like Laravel
         | Spark which handles all the common stuff like accounts and
         | invoicing.
        
           | valenterry wrote:
           | Sounds like I have to install/maintain stuff here myself. I
           | wish there was a solution that doesn't require me to have any
           | additional infrastructure...
        
         | cspags wrote:
         | https://www.outseta.com/ is the best tool I've seen that offers
         | everything you listed.
        
         | bluedevil2k wrote:
         | > as a solo developer it takes considerable time to connect all
         | these together
         | 
         | Well hopefully it you're a developer it doesn't take that long.
         | I just switched a SaaS to Stripe from PayPal last week and it
         | took less than 30 minutes. These SaaS support tools/websites
         | are increasingly easy to use, making time to market for even a
         | solo dev pretty easy.
        
       | gennarro wrote:
       | >> This piece was editorially supported by HSG, the content firm
       | that helps startups, investors and entrepreneurs become media
       | companies.
       | 
       | What does this mean? It's sponsored content? Or just like a
       | freelance writer?
        
         | rexreed wrote:
         | The article was "ghost written". Meaning that if you're a
         | founder who has no time or ability to write but want to put out
         | content, HSG will do all / much / some of the writing for you
         | under your name and also promote the content. HSG lists Paddle
         | as a client.
        
       | hiddencache wrote:
       | I suspect this includes outsourcing a whole series of functions
       | from support functions such as finance, accounting, tax and
       | legal, to even what would be considered core functions such as
       | UX, coding etc.
       | 
       | Taken to an extreme, the startup could remain a handful of people
       | while benefiting from a much larger team which is not included in
       | the headcount.
        
         | matchagaucho wrote:
         | That's really the key. A successful one-person SaaS company is
         | effectively leveraging gig economy and contracting out many
         | business functions.
        
         | ryanSrich wrote:
         | You should be outsourcing as many of those as possible anyway,
         | even if you aren't going for the bootstrap play. There's no
         | strategic reason to have a finance, HR or legal team unless you
         | have 100s of employees. That's not to say you ignore those
         | things, but there are so many quality SaaS services that do
         | those at a tiny fraction of the cost of an FTE it only makes
         | sense to use them.
        
         | ncfausti wrote:
         | Sounds a lot like _virtual integration_.
         | 
         | "...you basically stitch together a business with partners that
         | are treated as if they're inside the company."
         | 
         | https://hbr.org/1998/03/the-power-of-virtual-integration-
         | an-....
        
         | madamelic wrote:
         | In some instances, yes. In others, not really.
         | 
         | If you cut out the bloat, planning meetings, etc., you can
         | stand up an MVP pretty quickly while doing the coding yourself.
         | 
         | I think most of the tricks are CSS frameworks, re-using parts
         | of old projects, no-code MVP, outsourcing non-tech things.
         | 
         | Many of the successful indie founders seem to be non-technical
         | business people who give 0 cares about coding something the
         | right way, so they just smash stuff together without a care to
         | get it out the door.
        
       | nickjj wrote:
       | One thing this article doesn't point out is how beneficial it is
       | to have a decently large highly engaged audience beforehand.
       | 
       | ConvertKit is an example of this.
       | 
       | The founder started by selling books and then made a course on
       | how to sell books, got a pretty big audience around that and then
       | started to build ConvertKit. Eventually he figured out who he
       | wanted to market ConvertKit to and his prior audience of people
       | wanting to sell things online was a great match. Naturally a lot
       | of people who bought his books and courses are a great fit for
       | his email service because the whole premise of his course on
       | selling books is around building an email list. The books ended
       | up being a lead generator for his SAAS app.
       | 
       | That's not to take anything away from Nathan's work. At the end
       | of the day he made a very successful and well deserved business
       | but the specific circumstances around it are a bit different than
       | what this blog post makes it out to be. It was a 10 year journey
       | with multiple good ideas at the right time to get to that point.
       | All of it is documented on Nathan's site. I remember reading some
       | of his posts many years ago.
        
         | ryanSrich wrote:
         | It's silly not to include this in the article. The majority of
         | these "one man shows" are the result of years of work building
         | an online audience, and then launching a business around that
         | audience.
         | 
         | Roam is another example. Without Conor having the Twitter
         | audience he had and the hype around Roam, specifically on
         | Twitter, they don't hit $2m+ in rev their first month of
         | turning on pricing.
        
           | rexreed wrote:
           | That's because this article was written by a company that
           | ghost writes articles for tech companies for content
           | marketing purposes. Paddle.com is the beneficiary of this
           | content, and HSG is the marketing company that wrote this
           | article. So, yeah, of course it's thinly veiled product
           | marketing and misses quite a bit of detail while gently
           | pushing a SaaS solution for revenue growth that happens to be
           | tailored to the small B2B or B2C SaaS company. I guess the
           | content writers do a good job because this sort of
           | advertorial is quite subtle and looks genuine. Indeed the
           | website that this is hosted on is just a means to gather
           | email subscriptions for product promotion as well as content
           | marketing SEO juju.
        
         | is0tope wrote:
         | This is extremely true. I've read many blog posts about how
         | someone started a side project and bootstrapped it to 10k mrr
         | etc.
         | 
         | Invariably when you read closer it goes something like this:
         | "So I had this widely successful blog about X and decided to
         | make a product. I posted about it on my blog and got 1000 sign-
         | ups overnight etc".
        
           | Alacart wrote:
           | I think this gets overblown in the sense that followers often
           | do no equal customers, especially when it's a subscription.
           | obviously yes, having an audience is helpful, but it can also
           | give you false confidence too. They'll tell you your product
           | is amazing, sign up for an early access waitlist, and then
           | often very few of them actually buy because what brought them
           | there was a desire to emotionally support you, not a need for
           | your product. It does help you get the word out though.
        
             | is0tope wrote:
             | Yes of course I'm not implying it's a panacea. However from
             | my experience getting product market fit is one of the
             | hardest parts of the whole process, and having a ready made
             | audience relevant to your topic is a very nice head start.
        
               | Alacart wrote:
               | Absolutely. my reply was aimed more at the unseen other
               | readers looking to use your comment to confirm their bias
               | that regular people can't do this without a huge audience
               | and dismiss it altogether.
        
         | BrianOnHN wrote:
         | Same can probably be said for ClickFunnels.
        
         | dgellow wrote:
         | That sounds like the main lessons from the course 30x500:
         | https://30x500.com.
         | 
         | 1. Identify an audience
         | 
         | 2. Find them where they are (Reddit, Facebook group, etc) and
         | learn their jargon and actual, real pains
         | 
         | 3. Create content to help that audience and build an email list
         | of people who trust you
         | 
         | 4. Create a product to solve an identified pain
         | 
         | 5. Sell it to your audience
         | 
         | I simplify of course, and did not take the course yet, but from
         | what I gathered that's the gist.
        
       | zuhayeer wrote:
       | Bootstrapped Levels.fyi up until now to $2m run rate. We're 2
       | founders, but I absolutely believe this phenomenon of solo
       | creators is the future. The pros of solo are evident: everything
       | lives in one head / one stakeholder, singularly focused on core
       | value by necessity (separation of concerns, do one thing really
       | well, no sprawl), no meetings
       | 
       | Building an audience with strong engagement is replacing the
       | "seed" round so to speak. Don't need anything else, just an
       | ability to ship and iterate fast.
        
         | riku_iki wrote:
         | > Building an audience with strong engagement is replacing the
         | "seed" round so to speak.
         | 
         | For funded startups this is established area: buy online ads
         | and receive views for your product. How solo can do it
         | efficiently without significant monetary investment into
         | digital marketing?
        
           | motoxpro wrote:
           | podcasts, speaking engagements, blogs, twitter, substack, HN,
           | Product Hunt, Instagram, small communities, early customers,
           | newsletters.
           | 
           | The reason digital advertising is so popular with VC backed
           | startups is because they need capacity. If you are starting a
           | bootstrapped startups getting a flywheeling going starting
           | with 50 people is fine.
        
             | riku_iki wrote:
             | Thank you for advice. I guess I unsuccessfully tried this
             | route, but maybe need to push harder and smarter.
        
       | mindvirus wrote:
       | This is great. One question I've had for a while - do founders
       | typically get one time bonuses or sell their own shares during
       | later funding rounds? I feel like with a lot of these businesses
       | that are successful, there's probably opportunities along the way
       | to sell and make a few million. Especially with unicorn founders
       | I'm often in awe that they stick with it - I'm sure they had
       | opportunities to pocket $100 million and walk away.
        
         | TuringNYC wrote:
         | Yes, depending on the VC and how the business is going. Here is
         | an example:
         | 
         | https://www.theinformation.com/articles/one-year-in-bird-fou...
         | 
         | This might be an extreme one, but the Bird founder appears to
         | have cashed out $44m.
         | 
         | It makes sense for VCs to let founders cash out a bit -- just
         | so you can be comfortable and focus on hyper-growth of the
         | business rather than making short term decisions. I've heard
         | the amounts are usually more like <3M (enough for a house and
         | car or college for kids) and not like the example above. The
         | more the founder cashes out, theoretically the less
         | incentivized they are to grow the company.
        
         | rmah wrote:
         | Typically, no. It is not unheard of though.
        
       | DonHopkins wrote:
       | "TGV Software" stood for "Two Guys and a Vax", before they
       | eventually hired about 128 more people, bought a few more
       | computers, and were acquired by Cisco in 1996. It was originally
       | an SRI spin-off.
       | 
       | I ran into one of the founders at a party in Santa Cruz in the
       | mid-90's, and laughed with him about the great acronym, and asked
       | if he and his buddy had ever gotten around to buying another Vax.
       | He shushed me and told me never to tell anyone what TGV
       | originally stood for! (Oops.) They must have been in negotiations
       | with Cisco at the time.
       | 
       | https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/tgv-software
       | 
       | >TGV Software, Inc. employs more than 130 people and is
       | headquartered in Santa Cruz, California. The company develops,
       | markets and supports TCP/IP internetworking software products
       | which enable connectivity between disparate computer systems over
       | local area, enterprise-wide and global computing networks. TGV's
       | principal product line is marketed under the name of MultiNet.
       | MultiNet for Windows integrates a robust suite of TCP/IP
       | applications including a 32-bit VxD kernel, NFS client, FTP
       | client and server, VT100-320 and TN3270 emulations, network
       | printing, Pronto Mail V2.0 electronic mail, Enhanced Mosaic V2.1
       | web browser and network diagnostics.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_SRI_International_spin...
       | 
       | >TGV: Founded in 1988, this company created communications
       | software and simulation software for VAX computers. TGV stood for
       | "Two Guys and a Vax". The company was sold to Cisco Systems in
       | 1996.
        
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