[HN Gopher] Loss of animals' shared knowledge threatens their su...
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       Loss of animals' shared knowledge threatens their survival
        
       Author : NotSwift
       Score  : 202 points
       Date   : 2021-08-13 07:39 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theguardian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theguardian.com)
        
       | dukeofdoom wrote:
       | Migration paths were disturbed too. We need connected green
       | corridors for animals to travel through that span the continent.
        
       | machinelearning wrote:
       | This is the most interesting headline I've read in a while
        
         | TrumpRapedWomen wrote:
         | I agree.
        
       | elzbardico wrote:
       | What I like in The Guardian is that we are always fucked.
       | Everyday a new tragedy
        
         | wombatmobile wrote:
         | "We don't see things as they are, we see them as we are."
         | 
         | -- Anais Nin
        
           | 2dvisio wrote:
           | Thank you for the interesting rabbit hole :)
           | 
           | https://quoteinvestigator.com/2014/03/09/as-we-are/
        
         | loopz wrote:
         | Or we can learn to get unfucked.
        
           | Alan_Dillman wrote:
           | But that'll put The Guardian out of business!
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | machinelearning wrote:
         | The Guardian is just a distribution channel. Academics and the
         | conservation groups that back them stand to benefit by sounding
         | an alarm since that helps them raise funds and get grants. Not
         | a judgement on the legitimacy of the concern but that's just
         | the incentive behind these articles.
        
           | mellavora wrote:
           | ok, I'll try a serious answer instead of a snarky one.
           | 
           | You point out the incentive behind these articles, and call
           | out the Guardian as a distribution channel for academics and
           | conservation groups.
           | 
           | Without a distribution channel, how should academics and
           | conservation groups get their message out?
           | 
           | Which message is better for our society, one driven by the
           | academics who have been warning us of the danger of radical
           | climate change, of mass poisoning of our homes and
           | environment, of total ecosystem collapse (birds- down 29%
           | https://science.sciencemag.org/content/366/6461/120, fish,
           | down over 70% https://www.geographyrealm.com/study-finds-
           | staggering-declin..., amphibians, 40% of species on the edge
           | of extinction in 2012 and things have only gotten worse since
           | https://journals.openedition.org/sapiens/1406, insect
           | populations, down 80%
           | https://www.pnas.org/content/118/2/e2023989118, ... shall I
           | continue? Do you know what total ecosystem collapse looks
           | like?
           | 
           | or perhaps the message of Netflix or Disney? Or the
           | message/distribution channel of fake news bent on destroying
           | Western democracy? Or the message/distribution channel used
           | to keep us calm while we commit mass suicide?
           | 
           | Sorry, I'm ranting. Yes, your charge is correct. The Guardian
           | is an important distribution channel for the sources which
           | are trying to get us to stop killing our planet, our home,
           | our selves.
           | 
           | And perhaps it is good to have such a channel.
           | 
           | -- hey, sorry, just saw that you intended your comment to be
           | neutral. Forgive me for letting my grief carry me away.
        
           | lashloch wrote:
           | thanks. i was about to send a conservation group money but
           | then i learned they might have the ulterior motive of making
           | the world better
        
             | machinelearning wrote:
             | I don't get the snarky comment, looks like you didn't read
             | what I wrote carefully enough
        
             | throwaway8689 wrote:
             | I read the parent comment as neutral or good.
             | Conservationists need publicity to raise funds to do their
             | work.
        
               | machinelearning wrote:
               | Yea meant to be a neutral comment. Sometimes raising the
               | alarm is justified.
        
           | akdav wrote:
           | Facepalm
        
         | acjohnson55 wrote:
         | Has it occurred to you that this might be because the status
         | quo is actually a really bad situation, the more you look at
         | it? Many civilizations have fallen, with the resulting societal
         | complexity permanently reduced. Usually, this process is not
         | sudden. I suspect each probably had their version of people
         | speaking inconvenient truths, and being written off as
         | pessimists.
        
           | nullc wrote:
           | We didn't start the fire
        
         | galaxyLogic wrote:
         | This is an interesting finding. Animals have culture. And it
         | can disappear. So can human culture. That's good to know. It's
         | part of the human culture that we know that culture can
         | disappear unless we try to preserve it.
        
       | ovi256 wrote:
       | > At the peak of the whaling industry, in the late 1800s
       | 
       | Yeah, if you start your article with a falsehood that you could
       | have easily fixed with a cursory read of any history of whaling,
       | I can't trust you enough to know what you're talking about.
       | 
       | Peak whaling was 1965-1970, have a look at
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_whaling#/media/File...
        
         | aquadrop wrote:
         | To be fair that chart only starts in 1900, so you can't see
         | 18th century here. And in the wikipedia page of this chart it
         | says "By 1900, bowhead, gray, northern humpback and right
         | whales were nearly extinct, and whaling had declined". But also
         | in the original phrase "peak of the whaling industry" speaks
         | not just about number of whales killed, but size of the
         | industry as a whole, amount of people involved. Because with
         | new tech I suppose those massive killings in 1960's required
         | much fewer people.
        
         | MichaelZuo wrote:
         | Yeah, that makes me immediately doubt the article.
        
       | js8 wrote:
       | I have a theory that belief in authority (and
       | conservative/authoritarian political ideologies that build on it)
       | evolved because of this pressure, as a way to protect the culture
       | and shared knowledge. In this view, hierarchies are a side effect
       | of the belief in authority in large-scale societies. (I don't buy
       | into the social and sexual dominance theories of hierarchies.)
        
         | machinelearning wrote:
         | Authority can also be used to corrupt culture and shared
         | knowledge instead of protecting it. In fact, I argue that over
         | a long enough span of time, it inherently will simply because
         | selection mechanisms will be gamed by people who put their own
         | needs over that of the society.
         | 
         | By decoupling power with culture and shared knowledge, you can
         | more effectively transmit these things to a broader audience
         | while maintaining its integrity. In this setup, a critical mass
         | of people in the community act as the immune system that helps
         | to refine and develop the shared knowledge over time. I think
         | artists, public intellectuals and thinkers of all kinds play
         | this role in our society without the corrupting influence of a
         | hierarchy.
        
         | SonicTheSith wrote:
         | unless a profit can be made...
        
       | FooBarBizBazz wrote:
       | > conservation efforts should consider how culture affects
       | reproduction, dispersal and survivorship.
       | 
       | Yes indeed.
       | 
       | > Understanding who holds cultural knowledge in a population can
       | be key
       | 
       | Revolutionaries and conquerors understand this too.
       | 
       | > The [matriarch] female's experience of [...] which other social
       | units are friendly has a demonstrable knock-on effect
       | 
       | Certainly it's been important in my family.
       | 
       | > However, when a population has lost its cultural knowledge,
       | there may be circumstances where it can be reignited.
       | 
       | We can only hope.
        
       | whereistimbo wrote:
       | In Siege of Baghdad (1258) [0], "...Mongol soldiers looted and
       | then destroyed mosques, palaces, libraries, and hospitals.
       | Priceless books from Baghdad's thirty-six public libraries were
       | torn apart, the looters using their leather covers as sandals.
       | Grand buildings that had been the work of generations were burned
       | to the ground. The House of Wisdom (the Grand Library of
       | Baghdad), containing countless precious historical documents and
       | books on subjects ranging from medicine to astronomy, was
       | destroyed."
       | 
       | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Baghdad_(1258)
        
         | andrepd wrote:
         | The destruction of Bagdhad by the Mongols was one of the most
         | destructive events in human history. It's hard to believe it
         | today but Bagdhad was the cultural and learning centre of the
         | world at the time. There's no telling what priceless works were
         | lost, plus how many thousands of scholars were killed.
         | Knowledge in medicine, astronomy, the classics (which were
         | preserved by Muslim scholars), and god knows what else.
        
         | nudpiedo wrote:
         | Almost as terrible as the senseless destruction of Alexandria's
         | Library in the hands of barbaric Muslims. Supposedly in that
         | single event we lost 1/3 of all mankind books and many original
         | works like Calculus invented by Archimedes had to be reinvented
         | thousands of years later.
        
         | NiceWayToDoIT wrote:
         | Reminds me on this as well:
         | https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/150901-is...
         | 
         | Also I am not sure from newer history was it Khmer Rouge who
         | order genocide of their own population over 40 years old,
         | ideology was that they wanted to erase collective knowledge of
         | elders.
         | 
         | "Pol Pot then began using intimidation efforts against the
         | Chams that included the assassination of village elders but he
         | ultimately ordered the full-scale mass killing of the Cham
         | people."
        
           | dopkew wrote:
           | It is a reminder that a civilization not only needs to
           | flourish from within, but be able to protect itself from
           | without.
        
       | vector_spaces wrote:
       | This article reminds me of another from 2006 about PTSD in
       | elephants. In various parts of the world, culling events and
       | poaching have killed elder elephants in elephant clans, and
       | traumatized the mostly young survivors, who grow up without
       | guidance in parenting among other crucial activities. This has
       | resulted in a breakdown of the elephant family structure, so that
       | these traumatized and directionless young and mostly male
       | elephants roam the grasslands engaging in senseless acts of
       | violence against other animals and humans (the latter being
       | probably more justified).
       | 
       | One of the Ugandan researchers profiled draws parallels between
       | what is happening to elephants and what has happened in the
       | recent history of her country, with the civil war killing parents
       | and grandparents, creating a generation of young traumatized and
       | directionless men who similarly engage in senseless violence and
       | bloodshed.
       | 
       | It's a really beautiful and really sad article
       | 
       | https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/08/magazine/08elephant.html
        
         | randycupertino wrote:
         | I don't think I can handle the article seeing as merely your
         | above _comment_ was so strikingly beautiful and sad!
         | 
         | And business-as-usual will just keep churning along, everything
         | is fine, everything is peachy. Profits profits profits.
         | Exploitation, single use plastics, dead oceans, destruction.
        
           | javajosh wrote:
           | The shocking truth is that, even if you exclude empathy
           | (which is sadly quite common), this represents a total
           | abrogation of humanities collective responsibility to protect
           | _ourselves_. Earth and her biosphere is our space-ship and
           | our life-support system, respectively, and we cannot seem to
           | come to grips with this simple fact.
           | 
           | It doesn't anger me when people act in ignorance. What angers
           | me are those who know better, and keep others in ignorance
           | with their cynically spent PR money, and those who know
           | better and repeat the lies to pander to ignorance and garner
           | votes. It is not a message that can be addressed with reason,
           | since it appeals to the basest instincts of men: don't worry,
           | everything is fine, keep doing what you want, you're
           | justified. The ability to doubt (let alone challenge)
           | authority when authority is telling you what you want to hear
           | is vanishingly rare.
        
             | relax88 wrote:
             | Not that I disagree with anything you've said, but I feel
             | it's important to acknowledge the often ignored fact that
             | the same process of industrialization and capitalism that
             | has impacted the environment has also lifted billions of
             | people out of poverty and brought about the the highest
             | standards of living in human history.
             | 
             | We are only now seeing the structural changes that will
             | stabilize the human population after generations of growth
             | from the advent of industrial agriculture. Contraception
             | has only been widely available in most parts of the world
             | for ~30 years and there are still places without it.
             | 
             | It's very different to deliver this moral lecture to a
             | Starbucks sipping, SUV driving North American, than to
             | someone who lives in a rural village in Mongolia.
             | 
             | Effective environmental altruism must recognize the human
             | element as it forms a key piece of the ethical dilemma. You
             | will never convince someone who lives in poverty or other
             | forms of hardship to make sacrifices to preserve the
             | environment, and it may not even be ethical to attempt to
             | do so.
        
               | bittercynic wrote:
               | For me this is proves the urgency of alleviating poverty.
        
         | galaxyLogic wrote:
         | Bible says so: "I, Yahweh your God, am a jealous God, visiting
         | the iniquity of the fathers on the children, on the third and
         | on the fourth generation".
         | 
         | You might think that is unfair, but that is how it is the sins
         | of the fathers affect future generations
        
           | andrepd wrote:
           | > visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children, on
           | the third and on the fourth generation
           | 
           | What a repugnant philosophy.
        
             | GlennS wrote:
             | I think that's a reasonable response to the phrase taken at
             | face value, but...
             | 
             | It's been pointed out to me that this is probably an
             | observation of how the world is rather than a commandment
             | for how it should be. (Despite the phrasing in English.)
             | 
             | (I probably agree with you about Christianity being a
             | pretty odd system of ethics overall, but this bit is
             | probably just some obvious wisdom packaged a bit
             | strangely.)
        
               | andrepd wrote:
               | But it says "I am a vengeful god, therefore", so it
               | suggests that it's divine "policy", not just a statement
               | of how the world works.
        
               | beardyw wrote:
               | I think you will find that comes from the Torah, Jewish
               | wisdom. Personally I think if that were still true Christ
               | died for nothing.
        
               | GlennS wrote:
               | > I think you will find that comes from the Torah, Jewish
               | wisdom.
               | 
               | Thanks for the correction.
               | 
               | > Personally I think if that were still true Christ died
               | for nothing.
               | 
               | I'm suggesting it's just a rather obvious statement of
               | inheritance of circumstance and reputation.
               | 
               | Of course if whoever wrote it really thought that people
               | deserve to be punished for their ancestors' mistakes then
               | they can fuck off.
               | 
               | But I do think it's what happens in practice.
        
               | beardyw wrote:
               | Sorry, not meant to be a correction. It is in the old
               | testament. I was just pointing out that it properly
               | belongs to the Jews.
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | > This has resulted in a breakdown of the elephant family
         | structure
         | 
         | Recovery from this kind of thing is actually quite quick in
         | terms of generations, usually one or two. In this case, that's
         | tough to observe, because one elephant generation is quite long
         | in human terms.
         | 
         | (And of course, if the old ones keep getting poached, the
         | problem will keep being refreshed rather than recovering.)
        
           | NotSwift wrote:
           | It is highly unlikely that recovery will be so fast. Some
           | things take a long time to learn for a population. For
           | example learning which plants are poisonous is quite costly
           | for a population. Elephants in Botswana travel through the
           | Kalahari desert to get to the Okavango delta. On this 650
           | mile migration they travel from watering hole to watering
           | hole. It will take a very long time to recover from the loss
           | of memories about their locations, because they die if they
           | cannot reach the next watering hole in time.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | > Recovery from this kind of thing is actually quite quick in
           | terms of generations, usually one or two. In this case,
           | that's tough to observe, because one elephant generation is
           | quite long in human terms.
           | 
           | Quite identical to human generations, rather than quite long.
           | My mother's oldest brother was murdered 50 years ago, and the
           | rest of my aunts and uncles aren't over it, and although it
           | happened before I was born it's been something I and my
           | cousins know the details of, and still comes up in
           | conversation. My generation's children are barely aware or
           | not aware. Of course, any knowledge that he had is gone, but
           | we're really almost over it. It probably won't have taken
           | more than 70-80 years in total.
        
             | DiggyJohnson wrote:
             | Really well laid out anecdote, thanks for sharing.
             | 
             | Do you think the 70-80 year number you come up with has
             | more to do with 3x generations (3*~25, the length of a
             | generation) or 1x human lifetimes (~70 years)?
        
           | bbarnett wrote:
           | Quick for core stuff, perhaps.
           | 
           | Crows can vocalize ultrasonic sounds, like many other
           | creatures can.
           | 
           | They have been known to use these sounds, especially during
           | the rain, to find grubs underground. I have personally
           | observed an elder crow, teaching a young crow, how to do
           | this.
           | 
           | I wonder how many generations it took, for crows to learn
           | this the first time?
           | 
           | I suspect many.
        
             | morpheos137 wrote:
             | This is fascinating behavior. Do you have a link with more
             | details. I had no idea that cows deliberately hunted grubs.
             | I wonder if it is a regional herd "cultural" behavior or
             | common to cows worldwide?
        
               | GavinMcG wrote:
               | Crows, not cows.
        
               | bbarnett wrote:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cYl_d7dc-EY
               | 
               | If you watch, the older crow is making large vertical
               | head movements, and if you really crank the volume, you
               | can hear part of the sound it is making.
               | 
               | The rest isn't in a hearable frequency.
               | 
               | They noticed me watching, and the older crow didn't
               | immediately believe the younger, more excitable crow when
               | it called an alert, but you can see him walk over and
               | react when he sees me.
               | 
               | More than anything, he seems mad. :P
               | 
               | I have a relationship with crows here, for a variety of
               | reasons, suffice it to say, the older crow knows I am not
               | a real threat.
               | 
               | Something to be wary of, but not a real threat.
               | 
               | But, would you tell a child, when seeing a tiger, not to
               | be worried? Even if you knew that particular tiger wasn't
               | a threat?
               | 
               | Anyhow, after I googled, and yup... ultrasonic hunting.
               | 
               | (And as buddy said, crows, not cows)
               | 
               | Yeah video quality sucks, I couldn't get closer, just
               | grabbed my phone, did what I could to record it.
        
               | nullc wrote:
               | The video is set private-- too bad, I'd love to see it.
               | 
               | We spend a lot of time watching the deer here and they
               | have a multitude of extremely complex social behaviors.
               | It's very obvious that the adults teach the children
               | foraging patterns.
               | 
               | Including things like the descendants of a particular
               | line of does knows how to direct their fawns into our
               | fenced off courtyard where the adults can't fit and there
               | are plenty of delicious planets-- but other deer don't do
               | that with their fawns, presumably due to not having had
               | the experience themselves as fawns.
        
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