[HN Gopher] Life Improvements Since the 1990s
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Life Improvements Since the 1990s
        
       Author : janhenr
       Score  : 341 points
       Date   : 2021-08-12 11:52 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
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 (TXT) w3m dump (www.gwern.net)
        
       | blfr wrote:
       | _Clothing has become almost "too cheap to meter"_ and _we have
       | things pretty good now_ when it comes to food yet people seem to
       | be poorly dressed and obese. Many other technological and social
       | improvements also feel hollow to me for that reason: they 're not
       | making our lives meaningfully better.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | cblconfederate wrote:
       | incremental. Most notable changes? fast internet. LED
       | monitors/tvs ... trying to think of something that is not a waste
       | of time ... OS updates and program isntalls are fast, those took
       | a lot of time, electronic payments .. maps/yelp/tripadvisor when
       | you travel ... human interactions are dysfunctional though
        
       | adventured wrote:
       | This note at the bottom, about high mortality rates in the past,
       | is always striking to remember:
       | 
       | "My grandmother casually horrified us a few years ago by going
       | through the list of her dead siblings: 2 died on the farm of
       | 'summer diarrhea' (bovine tuberculosis from unpasteurized milk)
       | as infants, an unremarkable fate in the area, and then 3 died in
       | their teens-20s after moving to the city to work in textile
       | factories. The rest died later. For comparison, she lost 1 child
       | out of 5 (stillbirth), and 0% of her >12 grandchildren/great-
       | grandchildren."
       | 
       | Several years ago an older friend of mine recounted to me that
       | his father was one of three siblings to survive the influenza
       | pandemic of 1918-1920, six of his brothers and sisters died from
       | it.
        
         | lordnacho wrote:
         | Indeed. What I found interesting is that when I looked up the
         | stats, the death rates for under 1 year olds has continued to
         | decline even in recent decades. I had previously thought it
         | would have stalled after the things you mentioned had been
         | solved. My guess is premature births have much higher survival
         | now than 20 or 40 years ago.
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | I would assume that the birth rate going down considerably
           | amongst poorer people is a big factor too.
           | 
           | https://www.statista.com/statistics/562541/birth-rate-by-
           | pov...
        
           | germinalphrase wrote:
           | A side effect of the abortion debate has been significant
           | financial investments by the pro-life in premature birth
           | research. The earlier it is possible to define viability, the
           | earlier abortions can effectively be banned.
        
       | lostlogin wrote:
       | Neat list.
       | 
       | I have issue with this one in part:
       | 
       | > Not Watching crummy VHS tapes, period
       | 
       | The rewind button actually worked 100% of the time.
       | 
       | I also have an issue with the like for USB. Yes, it's better than
       | most 90's tech, but USB-C in its various guises/disguises and
       | it's horrible relationship with Thunderbolt is a travesty. The
       | cables and ports can't reliably be distinguished and various
       | things just won't work, or become unreliable. It's just so
       | unhelpful to have so many identical specs in in form factor.
        
         | johnwalkr wrote:
         | I travel a lot for work (well, I used to) and changed all my
         | peripherals and devices (even my shaver) to usb-c
         | interface/charging, in some cases by hacking it in myself. It
         | took an annoying amount of research, and Nintendo switch was
         | the worst offender, but eventually I have one charger, and a
         | few cables for ALL of my stuff in a tiny bag. Everything in the
         | bag is worth about $50, and I have the same bag duplicated in
         | my backpack, desk and trip luggage (in this one also
         | international adapters that snap onto the charger).
         | 
         | One caveat is I only used macbooks for years. I was shocked
         | when I built a Ryzen desktop and one usb-c port was standard,
         | without thunderbolt support. So I had to begrudgingly use a to
         | c cables there.
        
       | 271828182846 wrote:
       | ( "Not Rewinding VHS tapes before returning to the library or
       | Blockbuster" ... how about going to some video store was kinda
       | cool and added some social aspect to sitting on your couch alone
       | and watching a movie? how can you even add crap like that on such
       | a list with such a title and not realize how delusional this is?)
       | 
       | there are no material life improvements - only more efficient
       | dopamine triggers. but that's not an improvement because before
       | the 90s - guess what - they had their own triggers.
       | 
       | in that spirit you could add how access to more diverse
       | pornography brought happiness to so many lonely men considering
       | how especially a hundred years ago they were so starved they
       | would get aroused at the sight of women's knees. poor bastards.
       | 
       | guess what, your mega-tittie-porn isn't really an improvement
       | over some picture where a woman lifts her skirt you can see her
       | ankles. it's just a fucking going round in circles what you all
       | confuse with "improvement".
       | 
       | life for many people fucking sucks and most of those
       | "improvements" only come at the expense of removing people
       | further from any kind of meaningful spiritual fullfilment.
        
         | thegrimmest wrote:
         | >there are no material life improvements
         | 
         | I don't know about you, but having cheap access to climate
         | control and refrigeration is a pretty big deal. Even animals
         | appreciate a warm place to sleep and fresh food.
         | 
         | Your reasoning seems ascetic. If a fellow says he's happier
         | with the mega-titties than the ankles, who are you to tell him
         | otherwise? _Every human experience_ can be categorized into a
         | dopamine or cortisol trigger. Who vested the authority in you
         | to decide which of them constitute  "meaningful spiritual
         | fullfilment" and which do not?
        
         | megameter wrote:
         | Access to sexual experiences is something I would count as a
         | great liberation of the past decades. When a man got desperate
         | for release not all that long ago, they didn't hop online for
         | an outlet, they drove to the seedy part of town and visited a
         | strip club, went to a porno theater, solicited hookers, etc.
         | Those things are still around, and there were some
         | possibilities to "phone date", but lack of options made things
         | overall less secure and discreet for everyone involved relative
         | to today where the man can just look up an Onlyfans or prowl
         | Tinder profiles. 1980's teen movies like "Sixteen Candles" were
         | OK with date rape as a concept, and that was just the tip-of-
         | the-iceberg. We're doing better.
         | 
         | This goes even more so if we speak of the spectrum of LGBT
         | identities, which in 1991 was in the midst of losing all
         | continuity with the past because so many died from AIDS; many
         | folks then would stay closeted and quiet because coming out was
         | just too threatening. Casual homophobia was everywhere, and the
         | "gay neighborhoods" of larger cities were somewhat exceptional
         | even within that city. Now it's hardly unusual to be out,
         | though generational acceptance remains rocky.
        
       | LightG wrote:
       | Enjoyed that list, but nearly lost me at "leaf blowers" ...
        
       | uhtred wrote:
       | I never thought Brussels Sprouts tasted bad in the past -- always
       | delicious! Also, JFC, at least make your own Guac -- it's like
       | the easiest thing to actually make yourself. I can't think of
       | anything easier.
        
       | mr-ron wrote:
       | Adding a point to this: Toll Booths.
       | 
       | EZ Pass type devices has made long distance traveling so much
       | easier and more efficient. Anyone travel the Mass Pike in the
       | 90s? It would be stopped for a quarter mile for the privilege to
       | pay 75 cents in a line.
        
       | nostrademons wrote:
       | I don't think the author has kids, but as a new parent the 2020s
       | have numerous improvements over the 1990s:
       | 
       | Click & go stroller & carseat systems are magical. Used to be
       | that if your baby fell asleep in the car, you'd have to wake them
       | up to undo the 5-point harness, transfer them to stroller, buckle
       | another 5-point harness, undo it when you get to your
       | destination, and then deal with the screaming baby. Now the
       | carseat base stays in the car, you unclick the carseat, pop the
       | whole thing into the stroller, get to your night out, pop the
       | carseat on an inverted high-chair, and the kid can sleep the
       | whole way or join you at the table.
       | 
       | Cheap plastic has dramatically reduced the cost and increased the
       | safety of toys. Also, electronic toys & learning aids are super
       | cheap now - my kid's got a Mandarin/English pictionary where you
       | hover the pen over the pictures and it tells you the word for it
       | in either Mandarin or English, and it cost < $20.
       | 
       | High-end preschools are better. There's been a lot of research on
       | how to support children's social & emotional development that's
       | now made its way into the classroom.
       | 
       | Traveling is generally better. There've been large improvements
       | in travel cribs like the Pack'n'Play or Lotus, many hotels have
       | them stocked, and there's the aforementioned improvements to
       | carseats. Also airfare is cheaper. My kid went on more plane
       | trips before he turned 2 than I did in my whole childhood.
       | 
       | There've been vaccines developed for many common childhood
       | illnesses. No more rotavirus, no more chickenpox.
       | 
       | The big bugaboos for parents today are housing and work. You need
       | 2 incomes to buy a house now, which makes everything else much
       | more pressed for time. But if you can ignore that, there've been
       | a lot of conveniences invented to help improve the efficiency of
       | that constrained time.
        
         | duderific wrote:
         | There is a huge downside to the cheapness of toys though. Every
         | house with little kids is now swimming in cheap plastic junk.
         | Even if you take a hard line with your kids, they'll still get
         | piles of garbage on birthdays, holidays and anytime family
         | comes to visit.
         | 
         | When I was 7 years old way back in the day, all my toys could
         | fit in a small bin about 24 x 24 inches.
         | 
         | 80% of the crap in our house never gets played with, just sits
         | in the bottom of a toy box taking up space.
        
       | rthomas6 wrote:
       | But are people happier and more fulfilled? Are they more able to
       | have a meaning-filled life surrounded by people with whom they
       | have close and lasting relationships?
       | 
       | What should we be measuring when we measure improvement?
        
         | tarr11 wrote:
         | At the most basic level, life expectancy has increased
         | everywhere [0] and so quality of life has increased for a large
         | number of people who would otherwise be dead.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_expectancy
        
           | marricks wrote:
           | Life expectancy has already lowered quite a bit from the
           | pandemic we can't put a lid on, and when (if) that settles
           | down cataclysmic climate change will continue its work. Sorry
           | but the future seems quite bleak.
        
             | BurningFrog wrote:
             | One human constant through history is that the future
             | always seems bleak to most of it.
             | 
             | This seems like an understudied thing to me.
        
             | xyzelement wrote:
             | At any point of human history, one could convince
             | themselves that the future is bleak. There had been
             | pandemics and plagues, cold and hot wars, revolutions and
             | dangerous technologies and -isms.
             | 
             | And yet in retrospect humanity's trend has been of greater
             | ingenuity, connectives, safety and well-being. Sure, it's
             | possible that THIS is the high point and it'll all go down-
             | hill from here, but that's like being a broken clock - if
             | you think every thing will kill you, you will eventually be
             | right.
             | 
             | But I see no reason to think like that. For example, sure
             | the pandemic sucks but relative to what it could have been,
             | especially in such a connected world, humanity is handling
             | it pretty well. There seems to be resilience in our
             | economies, supply chains, and people - that when they are
             | tested they have bent and strained but not broken. Like a
             | ship that gets rocked but doesn't sink in a storm that's
             | actually a GREAT sign.
             | 
             | I can related to your emotional state though. I remember
             | walking in NYC a few days after 9/11, and seeing a half-
             | completed building on 42nd street and thinking: this will
             | never get finished. Nobody will ever dare come or invest or
             | live in NYC - we're doomed and dead.
             | 
             | That building is worth a billion dollars now and that
             | neighborhood is thriving. It's important to remember that
             | feeling of gloom and realizing that it doesn't always (in
             | fact, most of the time) pan out as we feared the worst.
        
               | marricks wrote:
               | I think the tragedy of 9/11 is distinctly different from
               | this one. That one was covered non stop by media networks
               | and lead to titanic shifts in the US and to US foreign
               | policy. Comparing emotional states between now and then
               | seems pretty useless. And sure every new crisis can seem
               | bleak but just considering climate change when the field
               | of people studying it have observable depression I
               | imagine things are a bit gloomier than the average person
               | may imagine.
               | 
               | The pandemic, with hundreds of thousands of deaths just
               | in the US hasn't had the same sort of coverage. Nor the
               | fact that we haven't had hurricanes in the Gulf but
               | massive flooding everywhere... my response doesn't come
               | from emotion but from the lack of emotion I see in our
               | leaders to the catastrophes.
               | 
               | We haven't even begin to cut emissions enough to slow
               | down the climate catastrophe and I doubt we ever will.
               | While I imagine the US will start protecting its own
               | supply chains I imagine it will act as it always has,
               | protect the wealthiest and best off and leave middle and
               | lower classes to fight for scraps. Just look at our
               | healthcare system, best in the world for the richest, and
               | one of the worst in the western world for lower classes.
        
               | xyzelement wrote:
               | > The pandemic, with hundreds of thousands of deaths just
               | in the US hasn't had the same sort of coverage.
               | 
               | Sorry, but where are you living/getting news from because
               | I am jealous and I want to be that isolated.
               | 
               | Literally every new story, list of headlines, broadcast,
               | tweet, and conversation today includes COVID. CNN used to
               | have daily death counts and totals. Every single person's
               | life, from the way we study, work, shop etc has changed
               | because of COVID.
               | 
               | If your thesis is that somehow this big crisis hasn't
               | been sufficiently publicized and people aren't aware, I
               | just have a really hard time connecting to your
               | perspective on the world.
        
               | Jeff_Brown wrote:
               | * One of the worst in the _developed_ world.
        
               | minikites wrote:
               | >Sure, it's possible that THIS is the high point and
               | it'll all go down-hill from here, but that's like being a
               | broken clock - if you think every thing will kill you,
               | you will eventually be right.
               | 
               | It's not about present society being a global maximum,
               | it's about present society being a local maximum. The
               | lessons from history are often that things can and do get
               | worse, sometimes for generations, before improving again
               | later. It is absolutely possible (and I would argue
               | probable) that life will get worse for a long while
               | before improving.
        
               | xyzelement wrote:
               | > (and I would argue probable) that life will get worse
               | for a long while before improving.
               | 
               | Sure. Like I said, you can do this at any point in time
               | and if enough people do that it becomes a self-fulfilling
               | prophecy so it's better not.
               | 
               | Out of curiosity, I took a look at your submission
               | history (which is vast!) and it's 90% doom and gloom
               | across a vast array of topics. I do think living with
               | such a negativity bias is very disempowering - and not to
               | mention not fun. I don't mean to be stupid and blindly
               | optimistic (I manage risk for a living among other
               | things) but like I said, living with certainty that
               | everything will be terrible will ruin your life.
               | 
               | Like I said, since dawn of man, people had reason to
               | believe what you believe. And those who really believed
               | it would have no reason to build anything, learn
               | anything, invest in anything, have children etc - why do
               | any of that if the world is ending.
               | 
               | But the world is inherited by those who DO do those
               | things - everything we have, everything we are,
               | everything we're investing in - is there because someone
               | in the past believed that the future is worth the work.
               | So just be careful how much of this your let into your
               | psyche because it will lead to you to a dead end
        
               | Jeff_Brown wrote:
               | In general I think low expectations for the (near) future
               | of humanity and depression are correlated, but
               | intriguingly to me, it's not an extremely tight
               | correlation. Some people think the ship's going down and
               | manage to party and have a good time. Others aren't
               | particularly extreme in either emotional direction even
               | as they evince extreme pessimism. And I imagine the
               | reverse is true too, although I don't recall seeing it.
        
               | minikites wrote:
               | >I do think living with such a negativity bias is very
               | disempowering - and not to mention not fun. I don't mean
               | to be stupid and blindly optimistic (I manage risk for a
               | living among other things) but like I said, living with
               | certainty that everything will be terrible will ruin your
               | life.
               | 
               | I think it only seems overly negative -because- so many
               | people are blindly optimistic and assume things just get
               | better naturally with no action required on our part.
               | That's why I have such a negative outlook, I can envision
               | the immense work we need to do to address climate change
               | (and many other issues) and I'm seeing such a small
               | amount of work being done that it's basically a rounding
               | error. Watching people reject even the small amount of
               | work required to personally address COVID (a free shot)
               | does not fill me with hope that we can make big changes.
               | 
               | >But the world is inherited by those who DO do those
               | things - everything we have, everything we are,
               | everything we're investing in - is there because someone
               | in the past believed that the future is worth the work
               | 
               | I think this is the disconnect between us. The future is
               | worth the work, but we refuse to work on the future. We
               | instead work harder to prop up the unsustainable present.
        
               | xyzelement wrote:
               | You're talking about human nature. You're seeing the
               | problems only. But humans were "like this" forever.
               | 
               | EG: you're dismal about covid because some people won't
               | get the shot. But in the 80s/90s you'd be dismal because
               | people weren't practicing safe sex despite AIDS, and
               | you'd draw that line to a depressing conclusion. And yet
               | in reality, somehow the world moved towards a much better
               | place despite those things.
               | 
               | Same with COVID - you are obsessing on a small number of
               | people not getting vax and getting depressed, but you are
               | ignoring for example super-fast vax development, global
               | awareness, willingness of governments to move in and out
               | of different disease control regimes, etc. Those are
               | wildly optimistic things, but you don't let those things
               | encourage you, instead you seem to seek out the bad stuff
               | no matter how small and and form your view on that.
        
               | minikites wrote:
               | >And yet in reality, somehow the world moved towards a
               | much better place despite those things.
               | 
               | It's not "somehow", you're glossing over the very real
               | losses and very avoidable tragedies (fed by bigotry and
               | fear) that happened during the AIDS crisis, which is my
               | whole point. Progress isn't free and by ignoring the real
               | losses and avoidable tragedies we repeat the same
               | mistakes. That's why we have to confront the
               | uncomfortable parts of the past and present. If we only
               | focus on the superficial elements of success and
               | progress, we make problems more difficult to actually
               | confront.
        
               | thegrimmest wrote:
               | But isn't the point that despite the very real and
               | avoidable tragedies along the way, things have continued
               | to improve quite quickly? So as we continue, we can
               | expect more preventable tragedies (whatever "preventable"
               | actually means), but also more progress to benefit the
               | vast majority of us who do make it?
               | 
               | I don't think we need to get bent out of shape about the
               | aspects of human nature that cause horror and tragedy,
               | since they seem so greatly overshadowed by aspects of the
               | same nature which are driven to continuously improve. The
               | good guys are winning, by a lot.
        
               | xyzelement wrote:
               | Thank you for explaining my post in different words - I
               | agree with your summary of it.
               | 
               | I don't think you're living up to your name though!
        
               | minikites wrote:
               | >progress to benefit the vast majority of us who do make
               | it
               | 
               | So what level of sacrifice should be required of those
               | that don't make it? Going back to the AIDS example,
               | government involvement was delayed because of bigotry,
               | because it only affected people who didn't make it. Our
               | economy is currently propped up by low wage workers both
               | locally and globally who aren't making it. We don't do a
               | good job at taking care of the sick and the poor. We're
               | doing a terrible job at taking care of the environment.
               | As you both have said, none of this is new, but it
               | doesn't have to be this way. We know how to solve many of
               | society's problems and we choose not to do so. If the
               | core reason for these things is "human nature" and we
               | shouldn't try to change, I don't think I have the
               | defeatist attitude in that case. My attitude comes from
               | seeing solutions that we aren't even trying to do, not
               | that we -shouldn't- try.
               | 
               | >The good guys are winning, by a lot.
               | 
               | I don't see the good guys winning. The good guys
               | currently have the high score, but the bad guys are on
               | the upswing and scoring points on the good guys, who are
               | just standing around.
        
               | Jeff_Brown wrote:
               | I'm generally an optimist but do think this time might be
               | different. Never before have so many people had such
               | access to information that they could become convinced
               | they understand anything after a little research, and
               | never before have producers of fake news had such reach.
               | Yesterday's predominance of political apathy seems to
               | have been much more stable than today's predominance of
               | vehement polarization.
               | 
               | Conspiracy theorists used to be everywhere, but in small
               | numbers and not very homogeneous; now they are plentiful
               | and coordinated enough to lead to outcomes like the Jan 6
               | insurrection or the vaccine denialism gripping something
               | like 30% of Americans.
        
               | seniorThrowaway wrote:
               | >The lessons from history are often that things can and
               | do get worse, sometimes for generations, before improving
               | again later.
               | 
               | The example I like to think about for this is imagine
               | being born in the eastern European bloodlands - Eastern
               | Germany, the Baltics, Poland, Byelorussia or Ukraine
               | around 1895-1900. Things are pretty good up until the
               | Great War starts, which back then you would be old enough
               | to be considered an adult for, and then it is wars,
               | famines, repressions and totalitarianism for the rest of
               | your life as you likely die just short of the Iron
               | Curtain falling. That's a pretty bleak life. Yet many
               | people lived it, and found love and purpose and had
               | families under it and those civilizations as a whole
               | eventually recovered.
        
               | Jeff_Brown wrote:
               | That love and purpose can be found in the bleakest of
               | circumstances is indeed true and amazing.
               | 
               | That Belarus recovered is not obvious.
        
               | seniorThrowaway wrote:
               | Yeah good point. Although I think it is pretty safe to
               | say they are better then they were in the 1930's and
               | 1940's. Are they better then they were in the 1960's
               | 70's? Not as clear.
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | Or, most of Afghanistan in the period 1979-99
        
         | jrsj wrote:
         | Most HN users are going to say "yes" because we are generally
         | much higher income earners. Have things gotten better for
         | everyone? Definitely not. Looking at continued increase in
         | "deaths of despair" it seems like some of the changes that have
         | made some of us richer have also made a larger % of the
         | population more miserable than ever.
         | 
         | We've also built a highly sophisticated surveillance state and
         | generally reduced our basic freedoms and individual rights
         | post-9/11, and despite bumps in the road for this program
         | thanks to Snowden etc, nothing has fundamentally changed and
         | things continue to get worse on this front.
         | 
         | To me, this list of improvements is really just a list of
         | improvements absent broader context which paints a very
         | different & disturbing picture.
        
           | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
           | Indeed. We've traded cheaper better widgets for political and
           | economic regression.
           | 
           | Mobile phones are the pinnacle of tech - and also a superb
           | tool for mass surveillance.
        
         | dalbasal wrote:
         | "Happier and more fulfilled" is a good question to ask about a
         | person, but I think it gets too squishy in regards to people.
         | Too abstract.
         | 
         | If you're going to broaden person to people, I think it's best
         | to narrow to "happier and more fulfilled" in regards to
         | something. Marriage/personal economics/profession/social
         | life/spiritual life/etc.
        
           | ironman1478 wrote:
           | I think a set of metrics would be if people's stressors have
           | been reduced. Like Do people spend less time worrying about
           | paying bills, job security, etc. I agree that a "happiness"
           | metric is not great.
        
         | JackPoach wrote:
         | Should we be measuring at all? Claiming that people have to be
         | more happy over time is a weird proposition for a biologist
         | like me. Not only happiness does not exist (see reification),
         | the idea that it can be 'measured and improved' is silly.
         | Should the next generation of birds be more happy and fulfilled
         | than the previous one? Should the next generation of chimps
         | have stronger lasting relationships? Does it even makes sense?
         | To me it doesn't. We are biological creatures and each one of
         | us chooses to construct meaning of life (or lack thereof)
         | individually.
        
           | laserlight wrote:
           | I can tell whether I am happy or not. What do you mean when
           | you say happiness doesn't exist?
        
             | JackPoach wrote:
             | Do you understand the concept of reification? If not, see
             | 
             | https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/reification#:~:text=R
             | e....
             | 
             | So if you feel happy (or miserable) it means just that -
             | that you feel happy (or miserable). It doesn't mean that
             | happiness or misery actually exist literally.
        
               | PsylentKnight wrote:
               | So by your logic, everything that doesn't literally exist
               | (laws, businesses, emotions, software, governments,
               | money, etc.) are all things that can't be measured or
               | improved?
        
               | barneysversion wrote:
               | Reification is usually a fallacy when we take the
               | abstraction too far. The canonical example being "the map
               | is not the territory" where someone confuses every mark
               | on a map with actual features of the terrain.
               | 
               | One could argue that abstractions "actually exist
               | literally" without being physical. Gravitational fields
               | don't exist physically but do exist and they're a valid
               | abstraction that's useful to measure. Maybe happiness is
               | a phenomenon that could be useful too (though I would say
               | to a lesser extent.)
               | 
               | A little tangential but... even things that we would say
               | exist physically are not on closer inspection. Does a
               | chair actually exist or is it a platonic ideal that we
               | apply to a collection of atoms assembled to form four
               | legs, seat and a back?
        
               | JackPoach wrote:
               | You are absolutely correct. Moreover, reifications can be
               | useful or harmful - purely based on how they are being
               | used. That's why maps are actually useful, except for
               | several individuals that died in Australia and other
               | places by trusting their navigators more than their own
               | eyes and actual surroundings. I've been in situations
               | where GPS malfunctioned and when I quickly realized it I
               | understood that I should not follow the map.
        
               | only_as_i_fall wrote:
               | That's a silly strawman. Nobody is claiming that
               | happiness exists literally.
               | 
               | And it's intangible nature does nothing to prevent us
               | from measuring or maximizing aggregate happiness.
        
               | debaserab2 wrote:
               | Doesn't happiness exist in the sense that there is a
               | complex set of chemical combinations happening in your
               | brain emitting the feeling of happiness?
        
               | cataphract wrote:
               | If you grant that is possible to "feel happy" (for
               | whatever definition of "happy" you choose), then
               | happiness can be defined the state (or the "emotion") of
               | feeling happy. Sure, happiness is not a concrete entity
               | (though it does have concrete/physical underpinnings in
               | people's brains), so in this sense it doesn't "exist
               | literally", but I don't know where you're going with
               | that. You can still measure it and devise strategies to
               | have people experience more of it.
        
           | denton-scratch wrote:
           | On the whole, I think people's happiness depends on those
           | people, rather than their material circumstances. After all,
           | there's only so miserable you can get (or so cheerful). Most
           | people are wealthier; but even very wealthy people evidently
           | think they don't have enough money.
           | 
           | I don't mean to suggest that miserable circumstances don't
           | make you miserable; just that circumstances that are twice as
           | awful don't seem to make people twice as miserable. I suspect
           | that most mediaeval peasants were about as cheerful as most
           | ordinary people today.
        
           | throwaway-x123 wrote:
           | As I understand, happiness is free time from necessary work.
           | Quote from book Hunnicutt, Free time:
           | 
           | Benjamin Franklin, agreeing that "the happiness of
           | individuals is evidently the ultimate end of political
           | society," offered his vision of Higher Progress: If every man
           | and woman would work for four hours each day on some- thing
           | useful, that labor would produce sufficient to procure all
           | the necessaries and comforts of life, want and misery would
           | be banished out of the world, and the rest of the twenty-four
           | hours might be leisure and happiness.
           | 
           | Also Epicur: "Epicurus believed that the greatest good was to
           | seek modest, sustainable pleasure in the form of a state of
           | ataraxia (tranquility and freedom from fear) and aponia (the
           | absence of bodily pain) through knowledge of the workings of
           | the world and limiting desires. "
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicureanism
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | acituan wrote:
           | > Should the next generation of birds be more happy and
           | fulfilled than the previous one? Should the next generation
           | of chimps have stronger lasting relationships? Does it even
           | makes sense?
           | 
           | Happiness is a proxy for successful adaptation to reality. So
           | yes, if they are successfully adapting to the changing
           | environment, they should be happy. The very least, failing at
           | it will make them pretty "unhappy".
           | 
           | > We are biological creatures and each one of us chooses to
           | construct meaning of life (or lack thereof) individually.
           | 
           | A weird level of resolution to stop at. We're also atomic
           | creatures, maybe we shouldn't care about death? But we're
           | also conscious creatures that _suffer_ and maybe at least
           | avoiding that is pretty meaningful? I don't think any
           | nihilist is nihilistic enough to self-immolate for example.
           | 
           | You _could_ DIY your meaning individually, as is the
           | fashionable belief in this age of post-modern, but it's
           | liable to crumbling tragically with an inopportune contact
           | with reality. Normativity of reality seeking is a strongly
           | built instinct in any species that knows they have to survive
           | in it, and their meaning emerges from this relationship.
        
         | nonameiguess wrote:
         | I can't speak for "people" at broad, but improvements have
         | certainly made a difference for my household. Gwern mentions
         | hearing aids. They haven't just gotten smaller, but more
         | capable. My wife couldn't have conversations with people at all
         | in 1991. She can now. Universal subtitling opens up the full
         | catalog of film and television that she couldn't experience.
         | Spinal interbody fusion existed before 1991, but it wasn't very
         | reliable. Procedure quality has improved rapidly, and that is
         | the only reason my life right now isn't hopelessly miserable or
         | possibly over, as the amount of pain I used to be in made death
         | pretty tempting.
        
           | stopnamingnuts wrote:
           | This. I think innovation real-value is spikey. A low band of
           | timesavers bumps along the bottom but is punctuated by
           | occasional leaps in particular domains. From what I've seen
           | the cochlear implant can offer an amazing difference to
           | quality of life for those that choose it. I can only imagine
           | the difference the implant, or the improved aids, would have
           | made to my hearing-impaired college roommate in the early
           | 90s.
        
           | coryrc wrote:
           | On that latter note, my friend has an electronic device
           | implanted in his spine to reduce pain. Non-opioid, effective
           | pain relief!
        
         | dougmwne wrote:
         | I sure am! We have family and friends spread across 2
         | continents. We can travel freely to spend time near them, take
         | our jobs with us wherever we go, rent a well appointed home
         | with a tap, and when not physically present, have a video chat
         | at a moment's notice and hop into a round of VR golf. In the
         | old world we would have had to choose career or having
         | relationships with our parents and extended families. No more.
        
           | treis wrote:
           | This is definitely a marked difference. Grandma/pa get a near
           | daily stream of pictures & video of kiddo growing up. They
           | get video calls on a (relatively) big screen to interact on a
           | weekly or so basis.
           | 
           | When I was growing up camcorders were expensive so video is
           | limited to special occasions. Have a good amount of pictures
           | but a lot fewer than we have of kiddo. Cameras were more
           | expensive and each picture cost money in film and
           | development. Long distance calls were short and infrequent
           | because they were expensive.
        
         | minikites wrote:
         | Our society is not structured in a way to value or measure
         | this, our society is optimized for wealth generation and
         | extraction. If a human activity can't be bought or sold, we
         | don't value or measure it. For example, stay-at-home parents
         | aren't accounted for in GDP calculations, but outside daycare
         | providers are, so we structure society to encourage parents to
         | work and pay for daycare instead of staying home.
        
         | nitwit005 wrote:
         | No matter the improvement, including social improvements like
         | you're suggesting, people just adjust their expectations to the
         | new normal.
         | 
         | We seem to be designed to not be content with what we have,
         | because that would eliminate motivation to make things better.
        
         | jayd16 wrote:
         | I wonder if happiness is influenced more by some absolute level
         | of joy or is it more influenced by the rate of improvements.
        
       | jscipione wrote:
       | More of a criticism of the Harvard Innovation Lab photo than the
       | article, but the "1980's" desktop computer pictured is a rough
       | facsimile of the Macintosh Classic released October 15, 1990.
       | This machine represented the one of the first products produced
       | by the Apple Industrial Design Group which had replaced the
       | iconic '80s Snow White design from Frog Design.
        
         | betamaxthetape wrote:
         | I don't want to detract from the article, but that picture is a
         | bit odd. You've got a Macintosh Classic (or Classic II, which
         | shares the same case) with the Apple logo and model name
         | covered over (why?).
         | 
         | Then there's the keyboard / mouse combination. The keyboard is
         | an Apple Keyboard II [1] (or a minor variant - there were a few
         | different models, with adjustable height and different
         | switches), which came with the Macintosh Classic and uses the
         | ADB connection. But the mouse is a Macintosh Mouse (M0100) [2],
         | that uses the DE-9 connector, a connector that the Classic /
         | Classic II did not have.
         | 
         | I know this is being pedantic, and in the end it doesn't
         | matter, but it does annoy me that the computer / keyboard /
         | mouse combination presented would not work together. Like the
         | above poster, I expected better of the Harvard Innovation Lab.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_keyboards#Apple_Keyboard...
         | 
         | [2]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_mice#Macintosh_Mouse_(M0...
        
       | Fricken wrote:
       | We are social animals. Other people make me happy. Other people
       | make me miserable.
       | 
       | Quality of life depends far more on the integrity of a person's
       | human relationships than these trivial material gains.
       | 
       | I can remain bright eyed through all kinds of horribleness if I
       | believe my suffering is meaningful and valued.
        
         | steve_adams_86 wrote:
         | This is crucial.
         | 
         | I used to be very excited about technology and I really
         | believed it could fundamentally improve humanity in some
         | way(s).
         | 
         | Now I'm excited about prosocial things, interconnection,
         | anything which allows humans as a social animal to truly
         | connect, find meaning, and uplift each other. Everything else
         | is likely a distraction.
         | 
         | This is the hard part though. Technology lets you make
         | incremental progress, occasional breakthroughs, and rarely has
         | any major setbacks that aren't purely monetary. Humans having
         | healthy social lives at the micro and macro scale is something
         | we arguably understand and can affect much less than technology
         | at the moment.
        
       | newbamboo wrote:
       | War on drugs lost, war on smoking won: people smoke the herb too.
       | Because it's not yet monopolized the incentive to not use weird
       | chemical pesticides and whatnot is lower than it is with tobacco.
       | Still I mostly agree. I just worry there will be long term health
       | impacts that weren't there when weed was grown organically and
       | much lower in thc. The vaping pandemic of 2019 comes to mind as
       | one example.
        
       | luckyorlame wrote:
       | huh? Nothing compelling here.
        
       | MontyCarloHall wrote:
       | With the exception of a few (very important) services (e.g.
       | college tuition, healthcare, childcare), increases in income have
       | actually outpaced inflation for most other goods and services
       | over the last 20 years [0]. This is something I almost never see
       | discussed; almost everyone seems to believe that real incomes
       | have totally stagnated.
       | 
       | That said, given current inflationary trends, it will be
       | interesting to see if this still holds up in a decade or two.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.aei.org/wp-
       | content/uploads/2021/01/cpi2020.png?x...
        
         | crymer11 wrote:
         | Average hourly wages have, but what about the median?
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | I do not understand why averages are so often used rather
           | than deciles or even quintiles.
        
             | Clubber wrote:
             | Not always, but a lot of times people pick the number that
             | supports their conclusion. For example, worker pay. If you
             | want to make it seem higher, include the executives and do
             | a mean average. Life expectancy works the same way. It's
             | not that adults typically died at age 30, it's the number
             | is a mean and includes child deaths which was a lot at the
             | time. If you have 4 people, 2 are 60 and 2 died at birth,
             | the mean age is 30. (60 + 60 + 0 + 0) / 4 = life expectancy
             | of 30.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Yes, I cannot see any non cynical reason why the source
               | of the data would want to only release the average. And
               | even then, they usually do not specify what kind of
               | average!
        
           | MontyCarloHall wrote:
           | Average vs. median have grown fairly proportionally since
           | 2000 [0]. Note, this chart is adjusted for inflation.
           | 
           | [0] https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/gs-
           | live/uploads%2F1527022...
        
             | tedheath123 wrote:
             | Would it be fair to say that this chart shows real US
             | median incomes to be stagnant since the late 80s?
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | This is a better graph including the past 5 years:
             | 
             | https://cdn.dqydj.com/wp-
             | content/uploads/2020/09/inflation-m...
             | 
             | Source:
             | 
             | https://dqydj.com/individual-income-by-year/
        
               | MontyCarloHall wrote:
               | Looks like that despite the top <=10% seeing a
               | disproportionate increase in their income, the overall
               | average and median are still growing relatively
               | proportionally, though not to the same degree as 5 years
               | ago.
        
               | Robotbeat wrote:
               | That is much better and it shows that median household
               | incomes hadn't grown much until recently (as the tight
               | labor market and years of boom have pushed up wages).
               | 
               | I still think it's crazy our minimum wage is so low
               | ($7.50/hr today vs $11/hour in late 1960s in today's
               | money). IMHO, it should be pinned to productivity growth
               | since the 1960s (the question is: should we have higher
               | or lower inequality than in the 1960s? The most
               | conservative answer would be "the same", in which case
               | you tie the ratio of GDP per capita to minimum wage to
               | the same level it was in the 1960s.), which would put the
               | federal minimum wage somewhere north of $20/hour. (Or
               | perhaps a regional approach where a minimum wage of
               | $15/hour is universal and then above that, minimum wage
               | at 40hours/week is three times what it'd need to support
               | a two bedroom apartment rent at median local prices.)
               | 
               | I'm also convinced that stagnated wages has caused
               | stagnation in productivity growth, because as minimum
               | wage becomes cheaper through inflation, it makes less
               | sense for companies to invest in productivity enhancing
               | automation and efficiency as they can just hire cheap
               | workers and fire them as needed.
        
               | CryptoPunk wrote:
               | Household income doesn't track household prosperity,
               | because household sizes have gradually declined.
               | 
               | >>as minimum wage becomes cheaper through inflation, it
               | makes less sense for companies to invest in productivity
               | enhancing automation and efficiency as they can just hire
               | cheap workers and fire them as needed.
               | 
               | There is a finite number of workers. Once they are all
               | employed, only investment into productive capital raises
               | productivity.
        
               | thegrimmest wrote:
               | Isn't the fact of rapidly climbing, market-driven
               | compensation for typically-minimum-wage jobs such as food
               | service, hospitality and labour sufficient to dispense
               | with minimum wages all together? Yes perhaps the market
               | takes X years to adjust, but it does in fact adjust. Why
               | not just wait the years and save all the bureaucracy.
               | 
               | > they can just hire cheap workers and fire them as
               | needed
               | 
               | But doesn't increasing the minimum wage just price these
               | people who were formerly being hired/fired completely out
               | of the labour market?
        
               | Robotbeat wrote:
               | No, because usually we aren't in such an extremely tight
               | labor market driven by high federal spending.
               | 
               | If you want to argue for indefinite high federal spending
               | to guarantee a tight labor market for decades, then sure,
               | a higher minimum wage might not be necessary. Is that
               | what you're arguing?
               | 
               | Because if a tight labor market is transitory (and
               | minimum wage keeps dropping due to inflation), then
               | businesses won't be given a firm enough pricing signal to
               | make productivity investments.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | > This is something I almost never see discussed; almost
         | everyone seems to believe that real incomes have totally
         | stagnated.
         | 
         | Real people need to pay for tuition/childcare, housing, and
         | healthcare, so what would be the point of excluding those from
         | the calculation of real income?
        
           | kiba wrote:
           | All of these are fundamentally related to the structure of
           | our society and land use policy, not anything technological.
           | 
           | There's no real reason to have to pay for college when we're
           | already paying for public education.
        
         | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
         | Well you can't remove things and then say "See, inflation is
         | fine!"
         | 
         | If you want uneducated children with no healthcare and no
         | affordable place to live I guess things are fine, and that's
         | pretty much what we see now.
        
           | nivenkos wrote:
           | Exactly, it's like saying "wealthy homeowners are fine"... no
           | shit?
        
           | MontyCarloHall wrote:
           | The point of Gwern's article is to highlight specific things
           | that have improved since the 90s. I'm pointing out that this
           | is supported by looking at inflation stratified by various
           | goods and services. Nowhere in my post did I say that
           | "inflation is fine"; I'm just saying many goods and services
           | have gotten dramatically cheaper since the 90s, which is
           | still counter to the prevailing narrative.
        
             | manux wrote:
             | Well you did say that
             | 
             | > almost everyone seems to believe that real incomes have
             | totally stagnated.
             | 
             | suggesting that this is a false belief. I think this can
             | easily be interpreted as you saying "inflation is fine"
             | (even though that may not have been your intention).
        
       | cwoolfe wrote:
       | This is a refreshing perspective. Thanks for sharing!
        
       | legrande wrote:
       | Every personal homepage should be like Gwern's, but not
       | everyone's as prolific or has the time to document their whole
       | digital life and document every neat research type thing they
       | found online.
        
       | wyldfire wrote:
       | > Car Theft is rarer, and in particular, we no longer have to
       | worry about our car windows being smashed to steal our car radios
       | 
       | > Remember when physically detaching your car radio to avoid
       | leaving it in the car was considered a 100% normal thing to do?
       | 
       | Why is it rarer, I wonder? I do recall having a detachable
       | faceplate on my car radio. I sold that car in ~2010 or so but
       | stopped bothering with the detaching long before then.
       | 
       | > All Day: because you won't be yelled at for tying up the (only)
       | phone line
       | 
       | ... missing phone calls because I was occupying the phone line.
       | My university claimed to have been "wired" but it was always
       | "going to be enabled 'next year'".
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | namdnay wrote:
         | For car radios it's because they no longer exist in their
         | previous modular form. Now a car infotainment system is tightly
         | coupled to the exact car model itself (because you also use it
         | to manage lots of other stuff, and it's tied to various
         | controls (wheel, touch, central console etc)
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | >Why is it rarer, I wonder?
         | 
         | There are various ani-theft technologies that can kick in if an
         | infotainment system is removed. Electronics are also just
         | cheaper in general so there's less value in stealing them.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | > Why is it rarer, I wonder? I do recall having a detachable
         | faceplate on my car radio. I sold that car in ~2010 or so but
         | stopped bothering with the detaching long before then.
         | 
         | I imagine the value of a stolen car radio has plummeted since
         | the combo of smartphone + CarPlay/android auto/3.5mm aux
         | jack/Bluetooth is ubiquitous in any car made in the past 10 to
         | 15 years.
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | > Why is it rarer, I wonder?
         | 
         | All crime is down significantly, except murder and gun crime in
         | the last year or two.
        
         | skinkestek wrote:
         | Norway had a lot of car infotaintment theft as late as a couple
         | of years ago.
         | 
         | I think some Eastern European gang perfected a way to smash
         | windows and grab the valuable parts because at some point
         | arrests were made and after that I haven't heard about it.
        
       | throwaway-x123 wrote:
       | Life improvement is more free time. Free time is time free from
       | necessary work. This includes free time from cooking, cleaning,
       | etc, life support activities at home, too. In total, the number
       | of working hours on average is higher than in 1990, I think, for
       | full time workers. For some workers the work day increased to 12
       | hours/day, from 8 hours. It is unlikely the worker will be able
       | to use his free time after long work day so even with non-work
       | productivity improvements, he may not see the improvement. It
       | might be that just 1 hour of additional free time is a better
       | life improvement than anything. Universal cable, he list as a
       | life improvement, is hardly worth longer work day.
       | 
       | I want to say that IMO: the workday should be lowered. It is
       | possible to produce all necessary things for living in just 2-4
       | hours/day, including houses, cars and many more. See productivity
       | growth. Free time can be work too, but it should not be seen as
       | necessary work, everyone should be able to make a choice: work
       | necessary time (2-4 hours/day) or longer. If you think something
       | worth your free time, OK, work at your free time. But what happen
       | is that you try to tell me that I have to work each day 8-12
       | hours/day so you can have an universal cable or a new video game,
       | etc. Not cool.
        
         | nradov wrote:
         | There's nothing stopping you from having more free time. Move
         | to a low cost area, get a part time job, and live a frugal
         | lifestyle. However most people have different priorities, and
         | prefer to chase social status and material comfort at the
         | expense of free time.
        
           | throwaway-x123 wrote:
           | Why frugal lifestyle? Was it frugal lifestyle in 1970? From
           | 1970 productivity increased a few times, so the work day can
           | be reduced a few times.
           | 
           | I've spent some time looking for a part time job, there is
           | none/rare. Also part time wage likely will not be enough for
           | life support.
           | 
           | Almost no one have a choice in how many hours to work so we
           | do not know what people prefer.
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | jbverschoor wrote:
       | Had a faster broadband connection in the 90s than right now. It
       | was also cheaper.
        
       | Ericson2314 wrote:
       | Food has gotten much better, and Wikipedia exists. Those are my
       | favorites.
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | It's nice not having to worry about someone stealing your car
       | stereo anymore. But these days they saw off your catalytic
       | converter, which is a plague in Seattle with organized gangs
       | doing it.
        
       | coldtea wrote:
       | It's unbelievable how inconsequential most of those are...
       | 
       | Unlike other things, if you didn't have them, you wouldn't really
       | think twice about them in the first place, except as very minor
       | inconveniences...
        
         | IshKebab wrote:
         | It's not really surprising lots of them are fairly minor given
         | that it is meant to be an exhaustive list, not a list of only
         | significant changes.
        
       | yawaworht1978 wrote:
       | Sorry to be that guy, but there have been anti improvements as
       | well. All this came with a financial cost, things seem much more
       | expensive than back then. Society as a whole is much more
       | sedatery and physically lazy and this is reflected in overweight
       | numbers, contributing factor to increased health care cost. And
       | ever since corona struck, life quality rapidly decreased for
       | those who like to get out and do things.
        
       | jacob019 wrote:
       | I like how the EU is listed under technology.
        
         | nivenkos wrote:
         | And then brings in legislation like the Cookie notices and Link
         | Tax, but does absolutely nothing to protect and drive the
         | European Tech industry (where is the European FAANG?), allowing
         | monopolistic American corporations to ship all the high-paying
         | jobs to the US.
         | 
         | Europe had ARM, a whole slew of microcomputer companies (and
         | still the Raspberry Pi foundation today), Nokia, Linux, MySQL,
         | etc. - all largely sold off or destroyed. Such a loss of
         | potential.
        
           | the-dude wrote:
           | Isn't this openess forced upon the EU by their strongest
           | ally?
        
             | nivenkos wrote:
             | The EU has long been run by neo-liberals, so they actually
             | choose the policies deliberately.
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | Perhaps 'technology' is defined as 'anything but can fall off'?
        
         | the-dude wrote:
         | Well, they are technocrats after all.
        
       | SavantIdiot wrote:
       | > airplane flights no longer cost an appreciable fraction of your
       | annual income12 , and people can afford multiple trips a year.
       | 
       | I routinely flew in the 80's and 90's: shorter lines, more cabin
       | space, and food every flight (and fewer yokels airing their
       | stinky bare feet). I'd go back to that in a heartbeat.
        
         | oh_sigh wrote:
         | You can still get that by paying the same fraction of your
         | income and flying business class.
        
         | johnwalkr wrote:
         | Domestic flying in Japan (on the non-discount airlines) is
         | still great. Published regular prices (not based on number of
         | seats left), virtually no security, no ID required, liquids
         | allowed. No problem checking in 20 minutes before the flight,
         | and since the prices are regular, no problem to call 30 minutes
         | before a flight because you're running late, and change to the
         | next flight. If you're nice, probably no problem to flat-out
         | miss a flight and get put on the next one.
        
         | toss1 wrote:
         | Yup
         | 
         | These times of algorithmic flight loading and
         | canceling/combining 'underbooked' flights really stink.
         | 
         | I once ended up flying a Seattle - Boston redeye on a 747 with
         | a total three other passengers, and the flight crew said that
         | they (Braniff Air, bought by Northwest, etc.) were still making
         | money on the flight because the hold was full of US Mail.
         | 
         | That was a quality experience we'll likely never see again.
         | 
         | (Then again, I also once flew London to NYC one row in front of
         | the smoking section - that's also a quality experience that I
         | won't miss never seeing again)
        
           | asdff wrote:
           | I never got why they still have ash trays in the bathrooms of
           | the planes. They have a nonsmoking sticker right above the
           | ash tray with a cigarette logo. If you aren't going to
           | replace the door, why not just put the sticker on top of the
           | little ash tray and cover it up?
        
         | notdang wrote:
         | So this means that people with less disposable income can
         | afford to fly now.
         | 
         | And the people with more income are feeling that their comfort
         | has to suffer.
         | 
         | So for those with more income, maybe it makes sense to pay for
         | first class or hire a private charter plane?
        
           | SavantIdiot wrote:
           | Trains are nice too. Cheaper, and you get to move around and
           | mingle at lot easier. Maybe try one of those? Busses are
           | cheap as well, but you can't walk around as much. But I know
           | some people think trains and busses are gross and "lower
           | class", which is why they have so much trouble getting
           | funding. It's a catch-22: people won't use them, so lines
           | don't get funded, so people don't use them.
           | 
           | I'm quite fond of Amtrak's Adirondack. It is a lovely way to
           | visit relatives during Thanksgiving and see the foliage.
           | Cheaper than planes and less stressful.
           | 
           | https://www.amtrak.com/routes/adirondack-train.html
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | No one wants to sit in a train for 10 hours on what would
             | have been a two hour flight
        
               | SavantIdiot wrote:
               | What if they can't afford a flight?
        
       | d_burfoot wrote:
       | >having Fansubs available for all anime (no longer do anime clubs
       | watch raw anime and have to debate afterwards what the plot was!
       | Yes, that's actually how they'd watch anime back in the
       | 1970s-1990s
       | 
       | This actually sounds really fun and makes me feel nostalgic for
       | the 90s
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | In the late-80s/early-90s my supply of animu was supplied by a
         | HS friend from Singapore who still had friends and family there
         | who would tape things off TV for him that would get to me 2nd
         | or 3rd generation. I also generally got what I got.
         | 
         | I'd be so happy when I got my hands on something that VIZ
         | reprinted, like Baoh, Grey, or Outlanders. Then, I'd know what
         | was going on.
        
         | trynumber9 wrote:
         | If you know a bunch of people who do not understand Japanese
         | you could still do that. Could be fun, I'd try it once at
         | least.
        
       | memco wrote:
       | > All-You-Can-Eat Broadband: Faster
       | 
       | > ...
       | 
       | > Indefinite: not worrying about running out of AOL hours,
       | liberated from the tyranny of time metering and (mostly)
       | bandwidth metering
       | 
       | Except that some ISPs _do_ have caps and going over results in
       | throttling or extra charges. I thought those days were behind us,
       | but no. It is better than it used to be, but it 's still a thing.
        
       | truthwhisperer wrote:
       | He missed the elephant in the room that due to further
       | digitisation people with less social kills came into positions
       | with power to decide what is good and bad for society.
       | Furthermore due to labour shortages the culture of those
       | companies got bad
       | 
       | Second thing is that the quality of the universities especially
       | in the us are declining to the woke/BLM movements
        
       | bewaretheirs wrote:
       | This one has if anything gotten worse rather than better:
       | 
       | > Car Theft is rarer, and in particular, we no longer have to
       | worry about our car windows being smashed to steal our car radios
       | 
       | Yes, car radios have been made harder to steal, but now our car
       | windows are smashed to steal laptops and other valuables. And
       | catalytic converter theft is also rampant.
        
         | perardi wrote:
         | _And catalytic converter theft is also rampant._
         | 
         | Well that sure seems to be true.
         | 
         | https://www.motortrend.com/news/catalytic-converter-thefts-n...
         | 
         | "According to the National Insurance Crime Bureau, the pandemic
         | has seen a rapid rise in catalytic converter theft. In 2019, an
         | average of 282 catalytic converters were stolen every month; in
         | 2020 the average had risen to 1,203--and that's just an
         | average. In December alone, 2,347 catalytic converters were
         | stolen."
         | 
         | And anecdotally, living in Chicago: I know of so very many
         | people who have had their convertors stolen. The wonders of
         | outdoor parking.
        
           | JimTheMan wrote:
           | I wonder how much this is an American phenomenon. I've been
           | reading about it on here quite a bit, haven't really heard
           | any news of it in Australia.
           | 
           | It feels unreal to read. Like, crime must be higher in
           | Chicago/LA etc than I realised.
        
       | telesilla wrote:
       | Great we're doing better however I notice most of these are
       | benefits experienced by the middle class and up. How about we do
       | better and also give a leg up for the those in poverty? Even if
       | Macdonalds is serving healthier food, I wouldn't pat ourselves on
       | the back quite yet.
        
         | nonameiguess wrote:
         | The greatest change to the world from the last X decades is the
         | lifting of billions from extreme poverty in Africa and Asia.
         | Changes to middle class life have been insignificant in
         | comparison.
        
         | telesilla wrote:
         | For those reminding me of that poverty has been greatly
         | alleviated with the last decades, I understand very well
         | however this article completely lacked this info and it came
         | across to me as ignoring this important demographic.
        
         | throwaway0a5e wrote:
         | The smartphone, value engineered window A/C unit and all manner
         | of other things have given the poor a massively better
         | lifestyle than they did in the 1990s.
         | 
         | Go watch some early 90s movies and look at the kinds of
         | apartments and houses normal "not material to the plot" people
         | live in and how they are furnished and compare to today.
        
       | dougmwne wrote:
       | We can add camera drones to this list. They would have been a
       | sci-fi fantasy in 1990. Now you can get incredibly stable and
       | clear aerial footage for a few hundred dollars that would have
       | required a film crew, a helicopter a pilot and a flight plan a
       | few decades ago.
        
       | webmaven wrote:
       | _> remember how advertisements always had to say "no batteries
       | included"?_
       | 
       | Hmm. Perhaps this is a regionalism, but I remember the phrase as
       | being "batteries not included":
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batteries_Not_Included
        
       | RegBarclay wrote:
       | Obligatory Louis CK riff:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PdFB7q89_3U
        
       | dalbasal wrote:
       | This reminds me of a golden age blog post, when lists turned out
       | to be an understudied literary device. I'm a fan of "dumps." Some
       | interestingly debatable ones here:
       | 
       | " _Intellectual Property Maximalism rollback: copyright terms
       | have not and probably will not be indefinitely extended again to
       | eternity to protect Mickey Mouse, and in 2019, for the first time
       | since 1998, works entered the public domain_ "
       | 
       | I think the easy indicator may be the wrong one here. Defined
       | more broadly, the public domain is not being enriched. For
       | example, the web was a lot smaller in 1999, but it was a much
       | more public domain. Today's web and post web internet is more
       | centralised, controlled and therefore private property. Google
       | could crawl pages, links, forums, because they were public, and
       | use that access to create a search engine. Content, connections
       | and signal are, today, proprietary. You can't order the world's
       | information if that information is facebook's, only facebook can.
       | 
       | Or patents, more stuff of the last generation is patented than
       | the previous'. Does that mean we invented more or we patented
       | more? What happens to stuff that doesn't get patented? It's
       | public.
       | 
       | Old copyright expiry deadlines might be a symbolic lead
       | indicator, but they're determining the location of a fence post
       | in county scale land dispute. A tiny, legible, part of the whole.
       | In real terms, Disney's copyright portfolio is worth more, not
       | less.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | majormajor wrote:
         | You're only arguing against the claim about copyright terms by
         | equating two separate definitions of "public domain." public
         | domain is being enriched by that stuff from the early 20th
         | century. The "public feeling" stuff of the 1999 internet wasn't
         | actually in the public domain then either.
         | 
         | The public domain has gotten larger _as has the private
         | domain_. But all that private stuff is now on track to expire
         | one day, while in 1999 it was not clear that that would ever
         | happen at all.
         | 
         | Compared to 1999, a lot more of that "private domain" stuff is
         | also being made freely available, price-wise.
         | 
         | I support copyright expiration, but making Disney's copyright
         | portfolio worth less _when they continue to create a bunch of
         | stuff_ was never an explicit part of that goal for me.
        
           | cma wrote:
           | New public domain on the internet probably peaked with
           | flickr's height.
        
           | dalbasal wrote:
           | As I said, "defined more broadly," which I'm also arguing is
           | the pertinent way to define public and private domain.
        
         | api wrote:
         | I would bet that today's public domain open web is larger than
         | it was in 1999. It's just harder to find because search engines
         | prioritize large closed silo sites and outside those sites
         | search has been largely destroyed by spam.
         | 
         | It's sort of like the people who say mobile devices are
         | destroying the more open PC market and replacing it with closed
         | mobile "consoles."
         | 
         | There are far more PCs out there today than there were in the
         | 1990s and they are cheaper, faster, easier to use, and more
         | versatile. The reason people think mobile has eaten everything
         | is because _growth_ in mobile has outpaced growth in PCs and
         | there are now far more mobile devices than PCs. The PC market
         | has still grown though, so there are more PCs than ever.
         | 
         | Mobile growth is plateauing too. The mobile explosion was the
         | creation of a new computing niche more than the displacement of
         | an old one, though low-end and narrower PC use cases have been
         | displaced by phones and tablets. PCs have become more like
         | trucks vs. cars, machines for "real work."
         | 
         | We also have a lot more OS and architectural choices in PCs
         | today than in the 1990s. Linux is pretty usable and MacOS no
         | longer sucks, so with Windows there are now three major choices
         | available. Others like FreeBSD and OpenBSD are also viable but
         | not as popular. You can even get an ARM laptop or desktop in
         | the form of Raspberry Pi style boards in laptop form factors,
         | larger ARM64 "server" chip boards that can work as desktops
         | running Linux, or in the form of Apple Silicon Macs (that can
         | also run other OSes on ARM in VMs), so you now have two CPU
         | architectures in the mainstream PC market instead of just one.
         | 
         | Lastly there's a huge market today for cheap single board
         | computers like the Raspberry Pi that did not exist at all back
         | then.
         | 
         | A similar comparison by the way applies to the metal server
         | market vs. cloud. There are far more racked up servers today
         | than there were in the 90s. Cloud has just grown really
         | quickly, so there's even more cloud deployments.
        
           | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
           | _> It's sort of like the people who say mobile devices are
           | destroying the more open PC market and replacing it with
           | closed mobile "consoles." There are far more PCs out there
           | today than there were in the 1990s and they are cheaper,
           | faster, easier to use, and more versatile. _
           | 
           | Well, there definitely are more PCs now than in 1991, but pre
           | covid-WFH era, PC sales were at an all-time low, following a
           | multi year downward trend, thanks to people moving to those
           | closed mobile devices and consoles.
        
             | api wrote:
             | Slowing sales were also due to PCs lasting longer and
             | remaining useful longer. Mobile sales are slowing for the
             | same reason. A five year old phone is fine.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | >What happens to stuff that doesn't get patented? It's public.
         | 
         | Or it's kept as a trade secret.
        
           | dalbasal wrote:
           | True. I considered clarifying, but didn't to be concise. I
           | think publication as a reasoning for granting patents is
           | superseded. It's mostly relevant to the history of patents,
           | not the present.
           | 
           | You can't be secretive about a UI, or the chemical
           | composition of a drug.
        
             | inglor_cz wrote:
             | WD40 formula is famously still secret.
        
               | dalbasal wrote:
               | I guess that's an example in both directions. WD40
               | formula is secret despite the existence of patents.
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | There are competitors with less name recognition, but
               | arguably a better product (WD40 is great for water
               | displacement, but it isn't very good for most of the
               | things people use it for).
        
               | echelon wrote:
               | Take GC/mass spec/NMR to it and find out. The tools are
               | available.
               | 
               | Do it to Coke/Pepsi while you're at it.
        
               | kristofferR wrote:
               | Wired did it back in 2009:
               | 
               | https://www.wired.com/2009/04/st-whatsinside-6/
        
         | Clewza313 wrote:
         | One other big change since the 1990s, though, is that Creative
         | Commons is now a real thing. Many publications/sites including
         | Wikipedia, Stack Overflow and open-access journals release
         | everything as CC by default, and Wikimedia Commons has become a
         | treasure trove of materials that can be freely remixed.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | >can be freely remixed
           | 
           | The type of CC matters.
           | 
           | NC can't be used commercially--whatever that means.
           | 
           | ND, rather ironically, essentially forbids
           | derivatives/remixing therefore prohibiting one of the reasons
           | CC was created in the first place.
        
       | dminvs wrote:
       | > stoves
       | 
       | You'll pry my gas range from my cold, dead hands
        
         | bob1029 wrote:
         | What property of the gas range do you most enjoy?
         | 
         | I have recently swapped gas for induction and it dropped my
         | meal prep time by 20~30% because I'm not standing around
         | waiting for pans to get hot anymore.
         | 
         | If I was big into wok cooking, I'd probably keep the gas range.
         | 99% of the time I just want to get a pan to 500F or boil a pot
         | of water ASAP.
        
           | __s wrote:
           | Likely our experiences of electric stoves varies. I recall
           | electric stoves which take a few minutes to heat up & didn't
           | get very hot at that
           | 
           | Another nice situation was during the 2003 blackout my father
           | was able to crank a turn table to play some records while
           | lighting the stove with a match to cook dinner
        
             | bob1029 wrote:
             | > I recall electric stoves which take a few minutes to heat
             | up & didn't get very hot at that
             | 
             | You should try induction sometime. Convective electric is
             | very slow by comparison and I have struggled with it myself
             | for many years. My current cooktop can take a 10" iron
             | skillet from dead cold to smoking hot in under 30 seconds
             | using the maximum setting.
             | 
             | Only caveat with induction is the distance to element &
             | cookware material constraints, both of which can usually be
             | overcome with little difficulty.
        
           | dminvs wrote:
           | The fact that I was able to continue feeding my family hot
           | food in the freezing cold 72-hour blackout in Texas! Big
           | plus.
           | 
           | Electric or induction will never win me over unless I somehow
           | end up in a house with a Powerwall.
        
             | bob1029 wrote:
             | I went through the same TX freeze shitstorm too. Not a fun
             | time.
             | 
             | I have a cheap 1500w portable induction cooktop I used for
             | this exact purpose. On the lowest setting, it only pulls
             | ~300W AC, so you can run it on the smallest of generators
             | or portable power stations without any problems.
             | 
             | I have a 12,500W generator as well that could _easily_ run
             | my main induction range, but I reserved loading on this for
             | making sure the furnace blower was moving. Didn 't want to
             | play games with fuel supply at the time.
        
           | nemo44x wrote:
           | Get better pans, then heating up isn't an issue.
           | 
           | I think it's nice to have an induction burner but I prefer
           | gas for many reasons. One is the visual feedback from the
           | flame. Another is that a flame is a 3D surface to cook on so
           | I can tilt the pan to get certain sides hot when needed.
           | 
           | Induction is good at boiling water though.
        
             | 0xffff2 wrote:
             | As a general rule, the better the pan, the thicker it is
             | and the longer it would take to heat up.
        
               | nemo44x wrote:
               | Conductivity matters. Copper pans that are thick heat-up
               | really fast. This is one of their primary benefits in
               | that they change temperature quickly based on the input.
               | The heat-up and cool down quickly. This is why they are
               | popular with chefs - fine tuned control on pan heat which
               | you generally want to change while cooking.
               | 
               | Cast iron is the opposite. They take a long time to heat-
               | up and a long time to cool down. Steel is somewhere in
               | between.
        
               | bob1029 wrote:
               | Precisely. This is why I started moving towards induction
               | after I became obsessed with the capabilities of cast
               | iron cookware.
        
               | nemo44x wrote:
               | Cast iron is excellent for storing a lot of heat and then
               | releasing it over a long period of time for searing
               | things, etc. I love my cast iron cookware. But it's not a
               | good choice for more delicate cooking where you want to
               | change the temperature of the pan quickly and temperature
               | control matters. Copper is noted for this and is popular
               | in professional kitchens for precisely this reason. And
               | gas allows you to tilt a pan to blast one side which is
               | important when reducing sauces or when you want the oil
               | to rise up the side of something to crisp it, etc. Alas,
               | copper won't work on an induction stove.
               | 
               | I've never heard a chef say that getting a pan hot and
               | staying hot quickly is their number 1 optimization.
               | Except for boiling water, which induction is great for.
               | 
               | But every home cook has different things they like I
               | guess.
        
               | bob1029 wrote:
               | > I've never heard a chef say that getting a pan hot and
               | staying hot quickly is their number 1 optimization
               | 
               | I am certainly no chef. Just an engineer trying to
               | optimize my time as much as possible, especially in areas
               | where I do not really enjoy spending it.
               | 
               | Reduction of delicate sauces, et. al. is not something I
               | am strongly concerned with. Fast meal prep is the name of
               | the game for me. I do still have the ability to use gas
               | if I really wanted to, I just like the speed of
               | induction.
               | 
               | Do you prefer the cleanup required for a gas range as
               | well? My induction cooktop can be perfectly cleaned
               | within 10 seconds and I don't have to wait for it to cool
               | down either.
               | 
               | When you look at all of this through the lens of time-
               | value, I think it gets much more complex.
        
               | nemo44x wrote:
               | For sure - different tools for different jobs. We use
               | different software Dev tools for different projects.
               | 
               | I'm a hobby home chef so I guess my optimizations are
               | different. I insist on an offset smoker when a pellet
               | smoker would use much less of my time, for example.
               | 
               | Awesome you cook though especially when it's not your
               | preferred way to spend time! It's so easy to fall into
               | the pattern of just getting delicious restaurant food all
               | the time but cooking for yourself and family builds
               | something.
        
               | bob1029 wrote:
               | > I'm a hobby home chef so I guess my optimizations are
               | different.
               | 
               | Yep there you go. If it's something you enjoy, you almost
               | _want_ to slow things down a bit.
               | 
               | > It's so easy to fall into the pattern of just getting
               | delicious restaurant food all the time
               | 
               | Absolutely. Virtually all of my friends & family are 100%
               | addicted to other people cooking & bringing them food
               | now.
               | 
               | I try to eat out rarely, especially any sort of cheap
               | fast food. The quality & nutrition you get out of a $5
               | burger these days is absolutely appalling.
        
         | kristofferR wrote:
         | Gas stoves creates high amounts of indoor pollution. The amount
         | of pollution gas stoves creates inside are often illegal
         | outside, the US doesn't have indoor pollution standards.
         | 
         | Children living in homes with gas stoves are 40% more likely to
         | develop asthma for example, according to some studies. Other
         | studies have it closer to 10%.
         | 
         | Anyway, it's clear that indoor gas combustion isn't advisable
         | from a health perspective. Not to mention the climate, burning
         | methane for energy should be phased out, full stop.
         | 
         | https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2020/5/7/21247602...
         | 
         | https://qz.com/1941254/experts-are-sounding-the-alarm-about-...
        
           | nemo44x wrote:
           | Those claims have been debunked as being misinterpreted. If
           | you ran a gas stove for 24 hours then yes the amount of NO2
           | would be illegal outside. But this doesn't consider time-
           | adjusted emissions but rather peak emissions. So you'd have
           | to combine all of that into a single continuous blast, which
           | isn't the case.
           | 
           | As for asthma, current U.S. federal agency involvement on the
           | subject does not identify a connection between cooking with
           | natural gas stoves and the risk of asthma development or
           | direct association with asthma attacks.
        
             | kristofferR wrote:
             | Please link some science papers debunking it, something
             | real that isn't just YesToGas lobby talking points. Don't
             | forget US Federal agency recommendations aren't always
             | trustable, especially with lobbying and lots of money
             | involved.
             | 
             | Here's a recent study from Australia for example:
             | https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:727186
        
           | anthk wrote:
           | Wut, people has been using gas stoves since... forever.
           | 
           | And no asthma has found or correlated in Europe.
           | 
           | With pollution around industry, cars and wastes, yes.
           | 
           | Gas stoves? that sounds tacky as worst.
        
         | basseq wrote:
         | My ideal range is 2 induction burners + 4 gas. Induction has a
         | lot of the benefits of gas (e.g., instant temperature control),
         | but gas is still superior for sauteing and continuous
         | temperature control.
         | 
         | Whenever I cook on gas, I miss the fast-heating of induction
         | for things like pasta or potatoes.
         | 
         | I also don't understand why all induction ranges have to be
         | "high-tech" touchscreen crap. I'd love an induction stove with
         | big, substantial, tactile knobs. Cooking on a Wolf range is
         | such a pleasure for that experience alone.
        
           | globular-toast wrote:
           | > Whenever I cook on gas, I miss the fast-heating of
           | induction for things like pasta or potatoes.
           | 
           | In the UK, every kitchen has a fast-boil kettle (and has done
           | for decades now) and those still boil water faster than an
           | induction hob.
        
             | kristofferR wrote:
             | US kettles are much slower than UK kettles though, due to
             | the voltage difference in the power outlets.
        
           | basseq wrote:
           | Apparently I need to look at Gaggenau, which has both knobs
           | on some induction models and a series of models that are
           | designed to be combined together. So I can actually have an
           | integrated workspace with gas and induction options!
        
           | lostlogin wrote:
           | Knobless induction is a travesty - I'd pay a lot more to have
           | knobs.
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | That was me, then induction changed my life.
        
         | anonleb4 wrote:
         | For me it's the fact they don't work everywhere. Electricity is
         | not a given in all places, be it outdoor or in a country where
         | the current isn't stable.
        
       | ozim wrote:
       | My point of view is that I live in the future now.
       | 
       | When I was a kid in the 90's when I think about life back then it
       | sucked, compared to nowadays.
       | 
       | I think we could list a lot more than what is in the article.
        
       | 11thEarlOfMar wrote:
       | Interesting. My first thought was, 'HIV is not a death sentence',
       | and looked for the section on medicine. Randomly:
       | 
       | - Mapping the human genome has led to many applications of
       | genetic medicine.
       | 
       | - Polio was eradicated in India.
       | 
       | - Cancer death rates declined 27% since 1999...
        
       | globular-toast wrote:
       | It's good to reflect on improvement as it's so easy to start
       | taking stuff for granted. The two I often think about are smoking
       | and food.
       | 
       | The smoking ban happened in England in 2007, so I didn't have to
       | put up with smoking for that long. But I can definitely remember
       | the time when going out meant your clothes and hair stunk of
       | smoke. It was disgusting. In Germany it is still legal for
       | smaller establishments to have smoking, and smoking is still
       | _very_ popular in Germany, unlike the UK and US. A few of us were
       | looking for a place to have some drinks one night and found it
       | really difficult because going into a smoking place was out of
       | the question.
       | 
       | Growing up in the UK we always had the cheapest food. In the 90s
       | supermarkets started having value brands and we had a lot of
       | "Tesco Value" stuff. Today you just cannot find food at such low
       | quality. If you buy the cheapest today, you are getting what
       | would have been a premium product back then. The bread was like
       | tough foam, the crisps like burnt potato skins, the beans were
       | mostly watery sauce.
        
       | iambateman wrote:
       | I often ask people: "if you could be 20-years old in 1991 or
       | 2021, which would you pick?"
       | 
       | An incredible number of people pick '91. Some people even ask to
       | go back to the seventies.
       | 
       | This article explains why I would much rather be young now rather
       | than before.
        
         | bambataa wrote:
         | I'd pick 20 in 1991 just to be there for the original rave
         | scene!
        
         | nivenkos wrote:
         | '91 would be better though - better salaries in a lot of jobs,
         | and lower house prices.
         | 
         | GPS on the phone is awesome, but I'd still prefer financial
         | security.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | >better salaries in a lot of jobs
           | 
           | Factory jobs that is probably true in general--though you're
           | still into the period when a lot of traditional union
           | manufacturing jobs were leaving (or had left) the country.
           | 
           | As an engineer/software developer, you're probably going to
           | be paid about $40K for an entry-level position [ADDED: For
           | the US at a "tech" company]. And there is basically no
           | equivalent to routine FAANG SWE salaries.
           | 
           | Housing is cheaper (relatively) in some locations although
           | the Bay Area was still relatively expensive. Manhattan was
           | considered the high-priced place to live at the time.
        
             | nivenkos wrote:
             | My entry level software job was $35k in 2015 in London!
             | Outside the US, jobs across the board paid a lot more
             | before 2008.
        
             | mech422 wrote:
             | I was making $50K/year as a developer on Wall St. with 2-3
             | years professional experience...and it was awesome. And
             | yes, the HFT guys got 'FAANG' salaries. HFT was in its
             | infancy, and those guys were making bank!
             | 
             | While the absolute numbers may seem small by today's
             | standards, it was more then enough for a single 20something
             | to have the time of their lives. Even paying Manhattan
             | rents, we were out 5-6 nights a week clubbing and partying
        
             | nemo44x wrote:
             | There are many factory jobs today and companies have a
             | difficult time filling them. They are not the monotonous,
             | repetitive jobs of assembly line work (that has been
             | outsourced) but rather involve some skill that you'll be
             | taught. But it's hard to find people to fill these roles as
             | qualified candidates in many cases think the jobs are below
             | them (college educated but can't find work in their field)
             | or they simply don't want to show up every day and work.
             | 
             | Many people today choose lifestyle centered work (gig
             | economy, part time roles for short term, etc) rather than
             | work that lets them build a life. I have multiple friends
             | that have gone this route out of high school with no
             | college and started at the bottom and have over the years
             | acquired more skills and knowledge and some have moved into
             | supervisory and management roles after their companies
             | financed some additional skills like using spreadsheets,
             | basic management, etc.
             | 
             | The endless stories of people that start, work a week and
             | get a check, don't show for 2 weeks and then come back
             | thinking they are still employed is amazing. The jobs exist
             | and they pay well, but not enough people want them.
        
               | nivenkos wrote:
               | If people don't want them, then they don't pay enough (or
               | have other issues - work safety, etc.). That's how the
               | market works...
        
               | nemo44x wrote:
               | It could be, but really I think it's more than that.
               | These jobs pay really well and they offer a career
               | ladder. You will be able to buy a home, have children,
               | take vacations. But you need to show up every day and
               | work. A lot of people who would be qualified for these
               | types of jobs don't want to do that. They'd rather pick
               | and choose and float around at places for less money and
               | less financial security.
               | 
               | This isn't like fast food restaurants having trouble
               | hiring people at minimum wage because stimmy checks pay
               | more than working. People come in and they want the job
               | and they work a week or 2 and then disappear after they
               | get paid and then come back when they need money again.
               | That type of work ethic just isn't compatible with this
               | kind of career so they end up at an Amazon warehouse,
               | driving Ubers, and delivering food instead since that
               | does support their lifestyle choice.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | > These jobs pay really well and they offer a career
               | ladder. You will be able to buy a home, have children,
               | take vacations. But you need to show up every day and
               | work.
               | 
               | They obviously do not pay commensurate to the risks of
               | job loss, lack of quality of life at a job, and/or to
               | make up for the undesirability for the location they are
               | in.
               | 
               | The proof is the data showing wages for factory type work
               | stagnating for many decades now (until the recent few
               | years). People incorporate that knowledge, and let their
               | kids know that those jobs are not worth investing in. How
               | many factory towns are there where the factory closes or
               | downsizes and the whole town goes into economic decline?
               | You need to pay a lot to offset that kind of risk.
               | 
               | The other proof is also that I bet they can get lots of
               | qualified applicants that will "show up everyday and
               | work". Just offer $200k per year. Or $500k per year.
               | Obviously the purchasers of that type of labor are not
               | offering enough money.
        
               | nemo44x wrote:
               | > They obviously do not pay commensurate to the risks of
               | job loss, lack of quality of life at a job, and/or to
               | make up for the undesirability for the location they are
               | in.
               | 
               | I mean, there's a lot of alcoholism problems and drug
               | issues too.
               | 
               | >People incorporate that knowledge, and let their kids
               | know that those jobs are not worth investing in.
               | 
               | I'm not sure the wisdom of the crowds is a great example
               | here. How many kids are in many thousands of debt and
               | working at dead end jobs or as a barista, etc. because
               | they got a useless degree from a third rate university?
               | 
               | > How many factory towns are there where the factory
               | closes or downsizes and the whole town goes into economic
               | decline? You need to pay a lot to offset that kind of
               | risk.
               | 
               | I don't think I'm describing factory town style jobs of
               | yesteryear. There are many solid jobs in tool and die,
               | machining, etc that are mainly run by small to mid-sized
               | shops. Literally thousands of these around the country.
               | 
               | There are a lot of people making a great living in these
               | places, it's just that there's a shortage of qualified
               | labor. Similar to software companies - there's a shortage
               | of labor and it isn't because they aren't paying enough.
               | Additionally, a lot of people think this kind of work is
               | below them because they went to a university to study a
               | field that they can't make it in.
               | 
               | > The other proof is also that I bet they can get lots of
               | qualified applicants that will "show up everyday and
               | work". Just offer $200k per year. Or $500k per year.
               | Obviously the purchasers of that type of labor are not
               | offering enough money.
               | 
               | Yeah probably but I'm not sure that's economic. Also, the
               | starting pay won't be the best but you rise fairly
               | quickly through the ranks where the money improves. But
               | like I said before, there are a lot of people making a
               | good life for themselves with a home, a family,
               | vacations, and a solid American life in these places.
               | This life exists for people. But you would think it isn't
               | even available - but it is.
               | 
               | Kids complain that they are 50k in debt from school,
               | can't find a job that pays well and will never be able to
               | afford a home or have kids. But that's not true. There's
               | a career out there in modern manufacturing if they are
               | willing to humble themselves.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | > Additionally, a lot of people think this kind of work
               | is below them because they went to a university to study
               | a field that they can't make it in.
               | 
               | People think it is "below them" because they saw the
               | people who went into white collar professions in their
               | parents' generation come out ahead. Pay enough (and
               | advertise the pay) and people's perception will change.
               | 
               | >But you would think it isn't even available - but it is.
               | 
               | Where are the job postings showing the pay and benefits?
               | Why do the stats indicate the wages not increasing much?
               | 
               | >There's a career out there in modern manufacturing if
               | they are willing to humble themselves.
               | 
               | The situation might have changed recently, but those jobs
               | have definitely not paid sufficiently for the past few
               | decades to make it a worthwhile investment. This is shown
               | by definition, since they are complaining about lack of
               | candidates for the job positions. If they paid
               | appropriately and competitively, by definition people
               | would have opted to work those jobs.
        
               | nemo44x wrote:
               | I'm not sure and maybe the type of work I'm describing
               | isn't traditional manufacturing. Machining and welding
               | for instance are skilled trades but a big part of modern
               | manufacturing. Tool and dye press setup is another and
               | one of many entry paths.
               | 
               | We hear the same things in other non-manufacturing trades
               | though like plumbing and carpentry and HVAC, etc.
               | companies struggle to find reliable people when the money
               | is good and prospects are stable.
               | 
               | One contractor I had was a Ukrainian man with a math
               | degree but went into tile work when he moved here because
               | he found he could make more money doing it. Smart man in
               | our conversations and humble but is massively in-demand
               | in the general area because he's so good at it and he's
               | paid like it.
        
         | jasode wrote:
         | _> I often ask people: "if you could be 20-years old in 1991 or
         | 2021, which would you pick?" An incredible number of people
         | pick '91. Some people even ask to go back to the seventies._
         | 
         | There's a podcast by Jason Feifer (was called Pessimists
         | Archive) where the repeated theme across many episodes is the
         | recurring fallacy of the _" good ole days"_:
         | https://www.jasonfeifer.com/build-for-tomorrow/
         | 
         | E.g. you ask today's generation and they say the "good old
         | days" was 1991; but if you ask those in 1991 what the good old
         | days were, they wouldn't say _" right now!"_ ... they'd say
         | 1970s. And if you ask those in 1970s... they'd say... (you get
         | the point).
         | 
         | So the conclusion is either...
         | 
         | - the _true_ good old days after connecting the survey across
         | centuries was actually the prehistoric cave man days of hunting
         | & gathering
         | 
         | ... or ...
         | 
         | - every generation repeats the rose-colored glasses narrative
         | because we bias the past with positive memories and the bias
         | the present with negative current events
        
           | aqsalose wrote:
           | > but if you ask those in 1991 what the good old days were,
           | they wouldn't say "right now!"
           | 
           | Is this sourced? In Europe, 1991 was when the Soviet union
           | fell. Sure, in many now-ex-USSR countries 1991 wasn't the
           | best of times because the collapse wasn't very well managed.
           | But in West, suddenly the impeding doom of nuclear war near
           | disappeared overnight.
           | 
           | 2021 has ... exciting climate events and Covid.
           | 
           |  _edit_. What is the soundtrack of 2021? In 1991 it
           | supposedly was https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4RjJKxsamQ .
           | TIL the year ended with band donating bunch of royalties from
           | the single to Gorbachev 10 days before he resigned and the
           | USSR disappeared. [1]
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_of_Change_(Scorpions_s
           | ong...
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | That's one of the themes in the film _Midnight in Paris_.
           | (Yes, it 's a Woody Allen film.)
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | A 3rd option is society (or parts of society) can go through
           | rough patches where 30 years before year X was better than
           | year X + 30. Trajectories for different populations within
           | the society can differ themselves and so individuals will
           | have varying answers.
        
           | __s wrote:
           | Alternatively, it's a bit of Future Shock
           | 
           | I grew up in the 90s, & maybe I'd do better as a 20 year old
           | in 1991 rather than 2031 _(too young to say 20 in 2021; I 've
           | succeeded already close enough to there)_, but I'd rather
           | grow up in the 2000s than grow up in the 80s
           | 
           | There's a kind of arbitrage, where if I could take my
           | technical abilities from 2010 back to 1990, I'd probably do
           | pretty well. I'm not so sure about taking those abilities to
           | 2030. So you need to frame your question more clearly: at
           | what age does the time travel occur? For simplicity I assume
           | the only age you've given: 20. If it's about when we're born,
           | then that's a completely different human being
        
           | wazoox wrote:
           | I was 20 in 1991 in Europe. I was flying regularly without
           | any flygskam. The USSR was just falling and we were all sure
           | it was an unmitigated good (we still didn't know that the
           | Russians will die by scores and see their life expectancy
           | drop like a rock); Germany was just reunited and we thought
           | the EU was a great project, not a bureaucratic monster
           | working for the oligarchy; Hell, I even believed there were
           | nice guys and bad guys in the Yugoslavian wars. I probably
           | even believed that voting counted. Future was bright, and
           | open. Year 2000 was still ahead, with its wonders.
           | 
           | My mother was 20 in 1968, and it was the good old days. They
           | believed the revolution was around the corner. Present was
           | somewhat grim, but future was bright; in her years of
           | political activity she saw the pill come, abortion rights,
           | women rights enhanced, the end of dictatorships in Spain and
           | Portugal, the end (in civilised countries) of death penalty,
           | the crumbling of USSR.
           | 
           | My children are in their 20s; my son refuses to learn to
           | drive because cars are evil and he doesn't want to own one,
           | ever, because they're _bad_ ; he's hell-bent of enjoying the
           | now because he's pretty sure that there is no future, except
           | climate catastrophe, incessant wars, and electronically-
           | enhanced surveillance; he thinks that democracy is a complete
           | scam and he forgets to vote if I don't nag him weeks in
           | advance. He's just as disillusioned as I am, but 27 years
           | younger.
           | 
           | So I think the picture is more complex. The global direction
           | of evolution is much more important than the objective
           | starting point.
        
             | z77dj3kl wrote:
             | I'm extremely interest the general feeling and views
             | societies had in the past: how they perceived the present
             | and the future, as a whole.
             | 
             | Objectively life has become better and more comfortable for
             | the vast majority of humans since then (Hans Rosling does a
             | beautiful job of exploring this).
             | 
             | But I do think that perceptions and feelings matter, and
             | even though material wellbeing is a prerequisite to that,
             | so is also the general feeling and view that those around
             | you hold, and in many ways I feel we've gone backwards in
             | that.
        
           | nostrademons wrote:
           | I'm old enough to remember 1991, even if I wasn't in the
           | workforce then, and IIRC the mood then was kinda depressed.
           | We were in the midst of a recession. We'd just come off the
           | hangover of the first Gulf War. Nobody really knew what the
           | fall of the Soviet Union would mean for America, and there
           | were real fears about nukes falling into the wrong hands.
           | Grunge was the hot new music, and pop culture was all about
           | Gen-X alienation.
           | 
           | If you asked then what the good old days were, they'd
           | probably say 1988. There's a reason Bush 1 was the only
           | 1-term president between 1980 and 2020. Things didn't start
           | perking up until around 93-95 with the WWW.
        
         | TigeriusKirk wrote:
         | I was in my early 20s in 1991, and I'd easily pick 2021. The
         | 1990s were a great time to have as my formative period, and it
         | was fun to ride the web from gopher to mobile.
         | 
         | But the 2020s are going to be a transformational decade too,
         | with a lot to learn and experience, and a ton of opportunities.
         | Far more chaotic than the 1990s, but honestly that suits me
         | personally. I thrive on that.
         | 
         | I would pick the 90s over the 2000s or 2010s though.
         | 
         | Well, I'd go back to the 2010s and buy even more bitcoin than I
         | did, but other than that, I could skip that decade.
        
         | BrianOnHN wrote:
         | Definitely depends on race. As a white guy '91 would have been
         | easy sailing.
        
           | moron4hire wrote:
           | Being a white guy in 2021 is easy sailing.
        
             | BrianOnHN wrote:
             | I 100% agree. I was mostly referring to the fact that '91
             | was more difficult for other races, genders, and
             | sexualities.
        
             | inglor_cz wrote:
             | In the USA, perhaps. Though I doubt it even there, a lot of
             | the rural underperforming regions are mostly white.
             | 
             | In Belarus or Moldova, definitely not.
             | 
             | People somehow forget that being white is not the same as
             | being white American. There is a lot of dirty poor whites
             | living under dubious regimes elsewhere. _Whiteness_ is not
             | really a thing.
        
               | dc-programmer wrote:
               | Early 90s Eastern Europe would be a tough environment for
               | a 18 year old. There was a lot of friction moving away
               | from from the old system (not that Belarus living in 2021
               | is that much easier)
        
             | whitepaint wrote:
             | https://afsp.org/suicide-statistics/
        
               | light_hue_1 wrote:
               | Oh my! Poor white people.
               | 
               | White people live on average 77 years white black people
               | live 72 years on average. The HORROR! The white man's
               | burden to have more money and live longer! Truly the
               | catastrophe of the 21st century.
        
               | Clubber wrote:
               | To use your logic in another period, in 1300, the king
               | was white, all the nobles were white, the clergy was
               | white. White people in England in the 1300s must have had
               | it pretty easy.
               | 
               | "Having it easy," is about class not race. Making it
               | about race is a political motive to divide the lower and
               | middle class to keep the status quo. You might thing what
               | you are doing is virtuous, but it's just maintaining the
               | status quo for all races in the middle and lower class.
               | 
               | Go visit Appalachia. Wanna see poor of all races, go
               | visit just about anywhere outside a city / metropolitan
               | area.
        
               | BuckRogers wrote:
               | Wow. You clearly are not connected with the broader white
               | community, even if you're white yourself. Or just too
               | young to see reality yet. I'm from the midwest, which
               | removes a lot of the privilege on the coasts, normal
               | people live here, not nearly as many silver spoons and
               | generational wealth. Opioid and suicide death is through
               | the roof compared to decades before. I knew many people
               | personally that are now gone. If you hate white people,
               | you should be very happy in 2021. Because as the backbone
               | of America by default as the majority, they're under
               | assault by corporate America to squeeze them for
               | everything they're worth. Whether that's reducing their
               | wages through offshore labor or effects of NAFTA, or by
               | default as the majority group pushed pain pills by
               | unscrupulous docs and big pharma.
               | 
               | Your generalization may be reality in your area, if you
               | go outside at all and not just reading regurgitated
               | politically motivated crap online. But I'm not seeing it
               | on the ground, in the broad swaths of middle America.
        
           | nivenkos wrote:
           | Indeed, now white men are discriminated against in a lot of
           | Tech companies under the guise of fighting "white privilege"
           | and promoting diversity (note this does not include class or
           | background) - meanwhile class differences (inheritance, home
           | ownership, etc.) are more important than ever.
        
             | light_hue_1 wrote:
             | > Indeed, now white men are discriminated against in a lot
             | of Tech companies under the guise of fighting "white
             | privilege" and promoting diversity
             | 
             | Tech is 2% black, but white people are being discriminated
             | against? You mean by being promoted, having huge salaries,
             | and getting all of jobs? oh my!
             | 
             | The historically disadvantaged white american community
             | should really organize together. Maybe under a white flag.
             | I know. White robes. Maybe pointy hats? I wonder if anyone
             | has tried that before?
             | 
             | When you start from a position of extreme white privilege,
             | even the smallest gains by others which don't affect you
             | (there are endless tech jobs, no white man left behind
             | here) seem like a catastrophe. I'm sure this is how white
             | people in the south felt too!
        
               | nivenkos wrote:
               | I'm not American, yet almost all Tech companies have
               | inherited this Identity Politics culture.
               | 
               | It feels like such a huge step backwards to have
               | scholarships, fast track programmes, etc. rule out great
               | applicants solely based on their skin colour.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | hncurious wrote:
               | You're clearly not familiar with hiring in tech. It's 2%
               | because the available pool is tiny. It's not for lack of
               | trying to hire non-white, non-asians in tech. Tech
               | minorities are in fact prioritized in hiring AND there
               | are countless programs to increase the pool. Aimed at
               | girls and tech minorities, not white and asian boys.
        
               | sodafountan wrote:
               | It's almost like biology and aptitude play a big part in
               | what you end up doing in life.
               | 
               | Here's a definition of aptitude from Google:
               | 
               | What is an example of an aptitude? Aptitudes are natural
               | talents, special abilities for doing, or learning to do,
               | certain kinds of things easily and quickly. They have
               | little to do with knowledge or culture, or education, or
               | even interests. They have to do with heredity. Musical
               | talent and artistic talent are examples of such
               | aptitudes.
               | 
               | Our industry has things backwards, rather than trying to
               | cattle chute "Women and Minorities" into tech, which is
               | bad for the industry and bad for people who land roles
               | they won't be happy in, we should simply not discriminate
               | against those who show aptitude towards the roles they're
               | applying for - which in all of my experience has been the
               | way things are.
               | 
               | As an aside, wouldn't it be weird if we were all required
               | to be artists to make a living?
        
               | LightG wrote:
               | Interesting point, meine Obergruppenfuhrer.
        
               | sodafountan wrote:
               | Does the word "Aptitude" trigger you, comrade?
        
               | dang wrote:
               | If you post flamewar comments again we will ban you.
               | We've had to warn you before.
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
               | LightG wrote:
               | Does the phrase "get f*cked you absolute bivalve, no
               | wonder your girlfriend dumped you" have any resonance at
               | all with you?
               | 
               | (Edited for spelling)
        
               | dang wrote:
               | If you post flamewar comments again we will ban you.
               | We've had to warn you before.
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
             | BrianOnHN wrote:
             | I don't work for tech companies, but I've never been
             | "discriminated against" as a white guy.
        
             | hncurious wrote:
             | That misdirection is convenient for the upper class, not so
             | convenient for the rest of us.
        
             | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
             | You sound like one of those politicians clamoring on about
             | how oppressed Christians are while being part of the 88% of
             | congress that identifies as Christian.
        
         | seanc wrote:
         | I was in my 20's in the 90's. It's tough to say. On the one
         | hand I feel like I was the last generation to take a mid-level
         | software salary and pay off a degree and a "short commute"
         | detached house before I was 40.
         | 
         | On the other hand, since I was in my 20's in the 90's I was a
         | young child in the 70's and 80's when nerds were to be bullied,
         | gay people were to be beaten, and God help you if you were
         | Trans. That's still the case in much of the world, but looking
         | at how my kids grew up, vastly improved since then.
         | 
         | So as a nerd, yes, the 90's were probably better for 20 year
         | old me, but the 10's were definitely better for the 10 year old
         | me.
        
         | technothrasher wrote:
         | I _was_ 20-years old in 1991. It was good.
        
           | mech422 wrote:
           | yeah - I enjoyed it...
        
         | inglor_cz wrote:
         | For a sexually active 20 y.o., 1971 was probably better than
         | 1991. The threat of HIV had an enormous chilling effect on the
         | casual dating scene.
        
         | bennyp101 wrote:
         | I was 7 then, and just getting into computers - playing with
         | BASIC on the CPC464) so being 20 then would have been awesome,
         | although I'd be proper old now ;)
        
           | mech422 wrote:
           | _sigh_ So I 'm 'proper old' now ? :-P
           | 
           | When can I be 'improper old' ?? :-D
        
         | RegBarclay wrote:
         | I was 23 in 1991. It was OK, but just yesterday I was talking
         | with a twentysomething guy who was playing for me a song he'd
         | written using GarageBand on his phone. I told him, man, I wish
         | I'd had YouTube and GarageBand when I was his age. It's really
         | hard to say what I'd do. I'd probably not change anything. I've
         | noticed that computer technology isn't really anything special
         | to my kids. I'm not sure I would have taken up an interest in
         | programming as a youth in 2021 as I did in the 80s and 90s.
        
         | jjav wrote:
         | > An incredible number of people pick '91.
         | 
         | Not so incredible I guess. I was 20 in '91 so can relate.
         | 
         | Computers and the internet were seriously exciting at the time,
         | uncommercialized and pure hacker culture of exploration. We
         | were building technology because it was exciting. The concept
         | of building adware or spyware didn't exist. Today a startup
         | going to "make the world a better place" is a sitcom joke, back
         | then it was truly the feeling.
        
         | Clubber wrote:
         | 1991. Less Orwellian. Back then, 1984 was a warning, not an
         | instruction manual.
        
           | alexshendi wrote:
           | Today, 1984 feels like an Utopia.
        
           | ggreer wrote:
           | In 1991, distributing encryption software was a violation of
           | US munitions controls.[1] At the time, it was not at all
           | clear whether encryption software would remain legal for
           | individuals to own and use. The US government was considering
           | mandating backdoors in all consumer encryption, culminating
           | in the development of the Clipper chip.[2]
           | 
           | 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Export_of_cryptography_from_
           | th...
           | 
           | 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clipper_chip
        
         | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
         | I'll take 91. I get to experience all the exciting personal
         | computing technology again before it all becomes web appliances
         | and dark patterns. Back when the internet, if you could get it,
         | was a place of wonder instead of terror.
        
           | Jeff_Brown wrote:
           | If 1991 why not 1919? You'd want the world transition from
           | the horse age to the space age. It might be a good while yet
           | beforw we see any new changes as profound as that one.
           | 
           | Okay I guess I'd rank crispr as highly. But the list of
           | changes that profound is short.
        
             | the_only_law wrote:
             | 1991 still feels modern enough to have a decent chance at
             | participating in that transition I suppose.
        
           | lostlogin wrote:
           | If you are going back Marty, there are a few timelines I'd
           | like altered.
        
             | version_five wrote:
             | Fun fact is that the alternate 1985 in Back to the Future
             | II where Biff ran Hill Valley was actually based on what it
             | would be like with Donald Trump (as the sleazy casino
             | developer) in charge.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | In '91 nothing followed you around. You could go to prison in
           | Tennessee and Arkansas wouldn't be able to find out without a
           | cop or two putting in a days work and making phone calls.
           | People would get arrested, give a fake name, plead and do
           | time, and be released without their identity ever being
           | verified.
           | 
           | Young adults in 2021 are hopelessly trying to outrun that
           | time they tweeted a slur when they were 12.
        
           | unnouinceput wrote:
           | Do you have kids? Sounds like you don't. All people would go
           | back in time until they become parents. After that, faced
           | with the harsh reality that going back in time would alter
           | your decisions hence not getting the same kids, they,
           | admittedly begrudgingly, back off.
        
         | BuckRogers wrote:
         | I'm going 91. I was there. I wasn't 20, but I was closer to 10.
         | And 10 years old in decades past is about equal to 20 years old
         | today, we experienced more. We had more freedom, we made more
         | mistakes. More of us were likely beaten/raped/killed or
         | otherwise died.. but we simply were less childlike, the
         | generations that had analog childhoods. Less coddling. That was
         | more true the further back you go, but there was a steep
         | decline for children born around 1990 or after due to many
         | factors. At least that's what I've observed.
         | 
         | Those quality of life improvements on that list are in reality
         | pretty sad compared to the loss in social cohesion and quality
         | of life in ways that matter more. You would think we didn't
         | have indoor plumbing or antibiotics. We were in good shape. But
         | the difference in pre and post 9/11 America is stark. This
         | place was basically ruined on a social level, pure fear and
         | panic, and it remains in different forms.
         | 
         | Now if you asked me if I'd rather be born in 1971 or 2021? I
         | would say 2021. Because the last 20 years have been throwaway
         | decades. Someone 20 years old in 2021 missed ALL of the good
         | times, never saw America as it was, and has and will spend most
         | of their life behind the 8 ball.
         | 
         | If you're born today, while there could definitely be more
         | calamity, there's a good chance things turn up from the malaise
         | of 2001-2021 in the next two decades. At least as it pertains
         | to the working class. Which is most of us. Its been a great two
         | decades for those that were running the show. But there's a
         | reason why overall sentiment is and has been negative.
         | 
         | I'll take 20 in 1991, or 20 in 2041. But not 20 in 2021.
        
         | nemo44x wrote:
         | 2021 if only for the health improvements without trying: - You
         | grew up in an era of not inhaling cancerous smoke everywhere
         | you go - Even unhealthy foods are less unhealthy due to
         | removing hydrogenated fats from foods (god were they tasty
         | though) - Cars are safer than ever - The environment is cleaner
         | than it has been in decades
         | 
         | The past always looks better. People still want to return to
         | the 50's and most of them were not alive then.
         | 
         | However, I believe every generation has had it "better"
         | generally speaking than the previous and that's how it should
         | be. Certain era's had things that were probably better but this
         | era has things that future generations will envy as well while
         | also having it "better" generally speaking.
         | 
         | Today is this best time to be alive and I'm optimistic tomorrow
         | will be even better.
        
           | Clubber wrote:
           | >You grew up in an era of not inhaling cancerous smoke
           | everywhere you go
           | 
           | A recent study (2013) suggests that the idea that second hand
           | smoke has a direct link to cancer wasn't entirely accurate.
           | 
           | https://academic.oup.com/jnci/article/105/24/1844/2517805
           | 
           | >Even unhealthy foods are less unhealthy due to removing
           | hydrogenated fats from foods
           | 
           | I would say food is far more unhealthy today than in 1991.
           | There is sugar and bastardized sugar in everything. Sugar is
           | addictive and food manufacturers use it to get people
           | addicted to their food. Instead of eating for nutrition,
           | people eat for that sugar hit, and you almost can't escape
           | it. Try finding prepackaged foods in the grocery store
           | without some form of sugar in it.
           | 
           | https://www.addictioncenter.com/drugs/sugar-addiction/
        
         | rufus_foreman wrote:
         | I'm trying to imagine being back in the late 80's living in the
         | squat or in the animal house I lived in during the early 90's
         | and having this guy time travel back to tell us about the
         | future.
         | 
         | "You mean we don't all die in a nuclear war or from AIDS or
         | global warming?"
         | 
         | "No, the future is much better! Riding lawn mowers are cheaper,
         | teddy bears are much more cuddly and silky, board games have
         | been revolutionized and you can get goat cheese at Walmart!"
        
           | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
           | It might go a little something like this:
           | https://sfdebris.com/videos/special/timewalker2020.php
        
         | titzer wrote:
         | The more I think about this, the more I realize that you pick
         | almost any time in history and if you were wealthy and
         | powerful, it was _freaking awesome_. Can you imagine what the
         | life of a Roman Caesar was like? Or a Rockefeller or Windsor?
         | 
         | Similarly for life at the bottom. In almost any period in
         | history, life at the bottom sucked hard.
        
         | anticodon wrote:
         | Destruction of the USSR in 1991 gave a boost to the Western
         | economies by eliminating a strong competitor and opening a new
         | huge market.
         | 
         | While you enjoyed your life in 1991, people around me literally
         | died of hunger, because Gorbachev and Yeltsin and their
         | advisors from USA killed almost all the industry on the former
         | USSR territory overnight. People lost jobs, people lost
         | savings, people lost meaning of life overnight.
         | 
         | It's a biggest case of genocide since 1940s, that is silenced
         | and undocumented.
        
           | CryptoPunk wrote:
           | The USSR destroyed itself. It was bankrupt by 1989:
           | 
           | https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/22/world/soviets-foresee-
           | bud...
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | The political dangers are orders of magnitude worse now, plus
         | there is climate change (a product of the same political
         | problems). I'll take 1991, but without this future.
         | 
         | Also, IME, the culture has become hateful, poisonous, and based
         | on trauma, despair, and survival rather than hope and dreams,
         | freedom and self-actualization.
        
           | devnull3 wrote:
           | > I'll take 1991, but without this future.
           | 
           | May be with memory wipe of currently what you know and the
           | way the world is
        
         | jrsj wrote:
         | I'd just like to go just far enough back to not be around for
         | WW2 so I have to spend the least amount of time in the 21st
         | century as possible. So I guess stick me in 1946.
        
         | hiddencache wrote:
         | Nevermind came out in 91, and it did feel like the beginning of
         | something...
        
           | creaturemachine wrote:
           | This was the first thing that came to mind. Rock & Roll may
           | have died in this decade but the innovation of the 90's made
           | it worth it. I fear for 2031 once the tik tok-ification of
           | music has run its course.
        
         | thundergolfer wrote:
         | Going to be another person commenting that they'd seriously
         | consider 1991 (as long as I had the smarts to still go into
         | software). Jump back to 1991 as a 20yr old and head to the
         | recruitment fair stalls of Sun Microsystems / DEC / Apple /
         | Adobe / Microsoft.
         | 
         | Google search and showers that stay hot are pretty nice, but
         | the relative difficulty of accessing quality education, jobs,
         | and housing probably turn out to be much more significant as
         | you exit your 20s in 2031 and think about starting a family.
        
           | bcantrill wrote:
           | You may want to reconsider before you step into the time
           | machine. First of all, 1991 in particular is a tough year --
           | it was a crushing recession in the US, and young people were
           | having a _really_ hard time finding jobs. So you wouldn 't be
           | "heading to the recruitment stalls" for any of those
           | companies except potentially Microsoft. And this is
           | absolutely the "why-are-manhole-covers-round" era of
           | Microsoft, and it's the DOS era as well -- so not only is the
           | company smarmy, its products are buggy, demoralizing piles of
           | death-marched junk. Read the (excellent) _Showstopper!_ for a
           | hint of what awaits you at Microsoft.
           | 
           | There's a big difference between 1991 and just a few years
           | later of course, but even when I graduated from college
           | (1996), Microsoft was absolutely suffocating. I had decided
           | that I wanted to work for a computer company and that I had
           | zero interest in working on Windows NT(or Copland). This left
           | one company, Sun Microsystems, which even in 1996 was not
           | really recruiting at universities. I got a job there by cold
           | e-mailing a Sun engineer (Jeff Bonwick) based on a Usenet
           | post in comp.unix.solaris. (Cold e-mailing to get a job was
           | so unusual that a friend of mine who was a reporter for the
           | AP wrote a story about my job search -- and it was broadly
           | picked up nationally![0]) At Sun, I was the youngest person
           | in OS development by a decade, and the industry broadly
           | thought Sun to be foolish for insisting on innovating in the
           | operating system. Conventional wisdom was wrong, of course,
           | and I had a great 14-year run at Sun that I wouldn't trade
           | for anything -- but it would be a mistake to overly
           | romanticize what was honestly a pretty crappy era.
           | 
           | [0] I talked about this briefly in
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IznEq2Uf2xk, including an
           | (embarrassing) photo of me ca. 1996 that ran as the front
           | page of many business sections around the US
        
           | namdnay wrote:
           | Now I could understand this as a blue collar worker, but
           | you're saying you'd prefer to be a software engineer in 91
           | than 2021? Come on, of pretty much all the professions were
           | the ones who have reaped the most benefits of the past 30
           | years
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | Arguably in 1991, you're getting in on the ground floor but
             | it's a mixed bag. Your new grad salary is probably going to
             | be around $40K or so in the US. And dot-bomb is 10 years in
             | the future.
             | 
             | And that list of companies is sort of a mixed bag.
             | 
             | Adobe has mostly done pretty well through the years.
             | 
             | Sun Microsystems did have a very good decade through the
             | dot-com years but then didn't.
             | 
             | Apple was really struggling at that time.
             | 
             | DEC was on the way down and would be bought by HP a few
             | years later.
             | 
             | Microsoft was about to launch Windows NT so that was a
             | pretty good place to hop on but obviously went on to have a
             | long period of stagnation.
        
               | mech422 wrote:
               | I moved from Wall St. to the West coast in the 90s. Both
               | paid above average programmer salaries for the time, but
               | S.V. was the place to be for tech. So much going on, so
               | much demand.
        
               | cmrdporcupine wrote:
               | Indeed it predates my entrance to the industry by a half-
               | decade but one thing that's notable about this period is
               | the technology stacks being built during it would in
               | large part be heavily de-emphasized later when the web
               | exploded.
               | 
               | If you were at Apple, you'd be working on a platform (Mac
               | OS classic, or Copland, or Newton) that would be thrown
               | away by the end of the decade.
               | 
               | If you were working at DEC, likewise. (VMS, VAX, even
               | Alpha)
               | 
               | Sun is more complicated, as they pivoted better and took
               | longer to die. That would be a good place to be maybe.
               | 
               | 1991 is an awkward year since it's about 2-3 years before
               | the HTTP/browser revolution.
               | 
               | One thing though is that to my eye when I look at what
               | these companies were working on then, it all seems more
               | interesting to me now. The actual employment of a
               | programmer (who wasn't stuck in finance or insurance etc.
               | doing COBOL) had the potential to do some stuff that we
               | at least _thought_ Was going to be groundbreaking back
               | then. NewtonOS and Alpha and Copland, CORBA, PowerPC
               | /PREP, OS/2, research projects like Sun's "Self", etc. it
               | was all exciting stuff. Just very little of it went on to
               | be used later.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | For me, Sun definitely looks like the most attractive
               | company on that list. (Though Microsoft might well have
               | been a perfectly good job.)
               | 
               | For one thing, you'd have been much more plugged into the
               | coming internet revolution broadly than any of the
               | others. You'd also have been at least connected to the
               | open source world although Sun resisted aspects of it in
               | many ways.
               | 
               | They were also primarily in Silicon Valley unlike the
               | others.
        
               | namdnay wrote:
               | I guess if you had hindsight it would be great, just live
               | very frugally, choose the right company and above all buy
               | as much real estate as possible in SV :)
        
               | bluedino wrote:
               | The 90's had all kinds of tech companies starting. Many
               | of them didn't last, but there was a lot of exciting
               | stuff going on.
               | 
               | Early cell phones. PDA's like Palm. Printer market was
               | hot. Businesses were networking their computers like
               | crazy. The PC accessory market was hot. Video games like
               | the Playstation were about to come out. Dial up online
               | services and then ISP's. The web appeared.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | > Your new grad salary is probably going to be around
               | $40K or so in the US.
               | 
               | Of course $40K then is $80K now, and you were working at
               | 9-5 at BigCo, with a pension plan. Interest rates were
               | 3-4x what they are now, the value of the house that you
               | spent a couple of years salary on is probably going to
               | quintuple, and the stock market runup over the next 30
               | years is going to be unreal.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | >the stock market runup over the next 30 years is going
               | to be unreal
               | 
               | Not counting the stock market plunge especially in tech
               | in the dot-bomb era when there's a good change you'll
               | also lose your tech job and very possibly be very
               | underemployed for a few years. Of course if you hold on
               | through that (and 2008), you'll come out well on the
               | other side.
               | 
               | And if you were 20 in 91, you probably don't have a house
               | in ten years in pricey (just not eye-watteringly so) SV 9
               | years later when the bottom falls out of the market.
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | You might also be describing 2021-2051.
               | 
               | Well, except pension, which were largely gutted in the
               | private sector by 1991 (it was the plot of the 1987 movie
               | Wall Street).
        
         | seniorThrowaway wrote:
         | That's almost an unfair comparison. I don't know how old you
         | are but 1991 was an incredibly optimistic time in western
         | history with the fall of communism in Europe. Maybe a closer
         | comparison would be 2000 vs 2019, both years right before a big
         | global event.
        
           | saltcured wrote:
           | Overly simplifying my memories as a west coast US teenager in
           | that era, the very late 1980s were a time of cautious
           | optimism with news such as the solidarity movement in Poland
           | and the fall of the Berlin Wall. However, 1989 in many ways
           | felt like the peak. Soon after, such global optimism was
           | soured by the Gulf War, Serbian civil war, etc. We weren't as
           | aware or focused on other positive changes that may have been
           | happening elsewhere.
           | 
           | Edit to add: in many ways, the apparent close of the Cold War
           | just removed that one bilateral threat from center attention.
           | In its place, we gained a new awareness of much more
           | fragmented conflict scattered all over the world...
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | There are a lot of things that younger people in particular
         | take for granted today that were basically not available in
         | 1990. I occasionally think that if I had to go back to 1990 and
         | do my job as a product manager, I'd probably quit in
         | frustration over just not having the information I needed to do
         | my job.
        
           | everdrive wrote:
           | But you'd only be competing against other similarly hampered
           | project managers. Depending on how well you worked without
           | the modern internet, you'd simply find your same place in the
           | bell curve.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | Well, sure. It would just be incredibly frustrating. As
             | would lack of information generally.
        
       | thorwasdfasdf wrote:
       | Look at the essentials and you'll see we've actually been going
       | backwards, ever since the 1970s:
       | 
       | Housing: Now less affordable than ever. It takes more hours
       | worked to afford any kind of shelter than ever in the last 50
       | years. According to an interview I once watched: in the 60s, a
       | painter could afford a single family house and six kids and the
       | wife didn't even need to work. today, two painters working
       | together can barely afford shelter, even with no kids.
       | 
       | Cars: MPG has not improved. Look at a corolla from the 70s vs
       | today, it's about the same. Comfort is roughly comporable, at
       | least since the invention of AC. It now costs more to buy a car
       | today than in the 70s, in terms of average number of hours worked
       | in order to afford a car.
       | 
       | Education has seen the greatest amount of inflation. Whereas a
       | high school diploma could give you a great enough salary to
       | afford a house in the 60s. Now, not even a bachelors or masters
       | is enough to afford basic shelter for many people living in the
       | first world.
       | 
       | Yes, we have a gazillion more computers, iphones, smart watches
       | and toys to play with. We can fill our entire house with plastic
       | now. what goood is that if you don't have a house to stay in?
       | where will you plug in all those electronics and your massive 70"
       | tv, when you're out on the street?
        
         | akomtu wrote:
         | On the other hand, sport cars, helicopters, private jets,
         | yachts and mansions have become more affordable than ever: when
         | your net worth jumps from 100M to 200M this year alone, the 25M
         | jet that seemed a bit pricey, now looks cheap. In the upcoming
         | decade we're going to tackle private islands and recreational
         | space ships.
        
       | johnwalkr wrote:
       | Large grocery stores are amazing. A well-traveled person from the
       | 70s would have their mind blown walking into a Canadian
       | Superstore.
        
       | hiddencache wrote:
       | Two words: plaid shirts.
        
       | aldress wrote:
       | I do think that the biggest life improvement of this decade is
       | the smartphone. To think that we have so much computing power and
       | limitless things to do on a very small device makes this
       | improvement the most revolutionary one.
        
       | jacobmischka wrote:
       | I can't pinpoint what it is specifically, but something about
       | this website visually makes reading it seem unpleasant.
       | 
       | I think the lines of text are too wide, the font is too large and
       | thick, the line height is too small, and paragraphs really need
       | to be padded vertically, the indentation instead makes it seem
       | like a high school essay and made me want to close the tab
       | immediately.
        
         | tylerjdurden wrote:
         | On the other hand, I really liked the way the links behave when
         | you hover over them.
        
       | ghaff wrote:
       | >Imagine dealing with the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic in 1989
       | instead.
       | 
       | I've wondered about this. No vaccines presumably. But, also, the
       | sort of work from home, online shopping, remote school, etc. that
       | many people/companies were able to more or less adapt to
       | basically wouldn't have been possible in 1990--and, arguably,
       | much before 2000 if that.
       | 
       | It's true that there was less air travel, including international
       | travel, in 1990 than in 2019 but I'd need to be convinced this
       | would be an important factor.
       | 
       | Comparisons to 1918 are hard, if only because of WWI and
       | associated secrecy, but from what I can tell having read a bit,
       | it doesn't appear as if there were widespread or long-lived
       | closures of schools and other places. I assume, we would have
       | acted likewise in 1990; i.e. we wouldn't have done a lot because
       | there wasn't a lot we could do.
       | 
       | ADDED: This was not intended as a political comment. Merely
       | speculation about how the world may have reacted differently in a
       | world effectively without internet or (likely) a rapidly-
       | developed vaccine.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | matthewmorgan wrote:
         | Chinese geneticists didn't have the ability to do it back then.
        
         | victorbstan wrote:
         | 1796 - Edward Jenner develops and documents first vaccine for
         | smallpox.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | For one thing, a very different disease. For another, how
           | long did it take him?
           | 
           | And depending upon how you count, it took decades to develop
           | a polio vaccine.
           | 
           | I would not bet on a COVID vaccine being developed and tested
           | in about a year in 1990.
        
           | kiba wrote:
           | Variolation already exists back then, but with a survival
           | rate of 1-2%. What Edward Jenner did was to confer scientific
           | status on the idea of vaccination and investigated cowpow as
           | a much safer method of inoculation against smallpox.
           | 
           | Heck, decade earliers, George Washington inoculated his
           | troops against smallpox against the wishes of the continental
           | congress.
        
       | anticodon wrote:
       | _Environment: air quality in most places has continued to improve
       | (and considering the growing evidence on the harms of air
       | pollution, this may well be the single most important item on
       | this whole page), forest area has increased , and more rivers are
       | safe to fish in_
       | 
       | Because almost all the industrial production that pollutes water
       | and air moved to third-world countries, where people suffer from
       | pollution. Same for thrash that is taken to China, India,
       | Indonesia for "recycling", but is actually burned in fires or
       | thrown into the ocean. I wouldn't consider it an improvement due
       | to advances in technology.
        
         | nwah1 wrote:
         | He referenced the Environmental Kuznets Curve. This provides a
         | mechanistic understanding of what is happening. It isn't that
         | modern industrial civilization requires a certain amount of
         | pollution per unit of production which can be offloaded.
         | 
         | Rather, pollution is largely something that occurs in the
         | production process in locations where desperation for
         | production is so high that they are not willing to put in any
         | personal effort or social policies to curtail it at the expense
         | of production.
         | 
         | However, once you become richer, air quality and so on moves
         | higher in our collective list of priorities. Production can
         | occur without pollution. It is just more expensive, and
         | requires care.
        
       | denton-scratch wrote:
       | To me, the article seems panglossian
       | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candide).
       | 
       | Some of the "upsides" (e.g. improvements in patent regime) just
       | aren't there. Some aren't as wonderful as they are described.
       | 
       | I'm in my mid-sixties; I'm very much a candidate for the "things
       | were better in the old days" brigade.
       | 
       | But I do think many (most?) things have improved. Housing is
       | better; healthcare is _immeasurably_ better (unless you can 't
       | afford it); and mobile telephony has improved the lives of at
       | least a billion people worldwide.
       | 
       | Because I'm not miserable old git, I'm not going to list
       | downsides.
       | 
       | [Edit] OK, I'll list one: permanent war.
        
         | ggreer wrote:
         | > [Edit] OK, I'll list one: permanent war.
         | 
         | Depending on who you ask, conflict deaths per capita have
         | stayed the same or declined since 1990.[1] 1991 had the first
         | Gulf War, The Troubles, the Yugoslav campaign in Croatia,
         | Mozambique, Ethiopia, Guatemala, and many more.
         | 
         | 1. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/conflict-deaths-
         | per-10000...
        
         | thegrimmest wrote:
         | > permanent war
         | 
         | Not exactly a new thing though is it? Plus the actual
         | percentage of people worldwide exposed to war or directly
         | affected by it has dropped significantly. The world is more
         | peaceful than it has ever been.
        
         | unnouinceput wrote:
         | >[Edit] OK, I'll list one: permanent war.
         | 
         | Before 90's US was in permanent war just as well. It was called
         | the Cold War. So that one downside is actually non-existent -
         | from "before" vs. "today" point of view.
        
           | denton-scratch wrote:
           | "Non-existent" is a bit hyperbolic. I have no idea how many
           | casualties resulted from the Cold War, I'd guess a few
           | thousand. Even if 20,000 died, which I doubt, that's pretty
           | good going for a war that lasted 30 years.
        
             | unnouinceput wrote:
             | You seem to forget that Vietnam war was a side effect of
             | the Cold War. USSR and US fought through proxies in Cold
             | War, Vietnam being just one instance. Another one before
             | was Korean War which resulted in splitting that peninsula.
             | I'd say your 20k is a bit low, might want to reconsider it
             | with at least one order of magnitude.
             | 
             | Oh, and since we are splitting hair here about numbers, US
             | started a 20 years war as result of just 3k deaths during
             | 9/11. You and US government have another order of magnitude
             | disagreement about what constitutes a "good" number of
             | deaths as war causalities.
        
         | frankbreetz wrote:
         | I wonder if permanent war was around in the 60's it was just
         | easier to keep things under wraps because of smart phones. From
         | what I have heard the CIA has been involved in some unsavory
         | activities since before the 60s. I also believe that life lost
         | by war and violence have decreased dramatically since then. It
         | might be an ignorance is bliss thing.
         | 
         | But the music was definitely better back then!
        
           | scollet wrote:
           | > But the music was definitely better back then!
           | 
           | Objection!
        
           | denton-scratch wrote:
           | Permawar: I don't think lives lost by war and violence have
           | diminished. If our leaders want us to support wars, they need
           | enemies, and we're encouraged to hate them. The number of
           | civilians killed in just Iraq is comparable with the number
           | of combatants+civilians killed in Vietnam. But the Vietnam
           | war lasted about 12 years, then it ended. It was confined to
           | Indochina. The "War On Terror" has killed huge numbers of
           | people in Afghanistan, Iran (if you include the effects of
           | sanctions), Libya and Pakistan.
           | 
           | We now make bigger, more-accurate bombs and missiles, but we
           | sprinkle them around just as carelessly. We still have to be
           | made to hate people if we are going to support a war; and we
           | don't pay a lot of attention to the casualty-count of people
           | we hate.
           | 
           | Music: If you're referring to the 60's and 70's, I agree -
           | the seventies were my formative years, musically. But we're
           | speaking of 1991, I think. [checks 1991's hits] In among the
           | dross, there are some good tunes - Clash, Should I Stay Or
           | Should I Go; James, Sit Down. And there was some great Acid
           | House, which didn't make the charts (clubbers didn't know the
           | names of the songs or the artists).
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | Actually lives lost by war and violence have diminished.
             | 
             | https://stevenpinker.com/publications/better-angels-our-
             | natu...
        
           | philwelch wrote:
           | There was a very prominent "permanent" war in the 1960's and
           | 1970's.
        
       | aaron695 wrote:
       | Time between 1990 to now is not linear.
       | 
       | The web kicked off in the late 90's, picked up the 2000's but not
       | real fast, and now is really flying and one assumes it will
       | continue to accelerate.
       | 
       | Power tools are amazing. And that's the internet pushing them. I
       | can see reviews with each new advancement anywhere in the world.
       | They can see R&D around the world. Each company has to keep up
       | and so do the counterfeiters. I'll order from overseas if they
       | are not available local. Power tools augment humans, you can see
       | people's home improvements getting more complex which is also
       | pushed by the internet. Everything is in hyper mode.
        
         | gbrown wrote:
         | What major power tool innovations have happened since 1990?
         | Battery tech is the only big one I can think of.
        
           | D_Alex wrote:
           | Brushless motors, variable speed controls on everything,
           | keyless chucks... new tools such as 3D printer... or this:
           | 
           | https://www.shapertools.com/en-us/
        
           | aaron695 wrote:
           | Brushless Motors
           | 
           | Power Tool KickBack Control (and just safety, were dB
           | warnings big in the 90's? Ergonomic's are improving)
           | 
           | Drill bit/blades/disk composition/tech.
           | 
           | The fact I can (almost) throw out tools that you'd never have
           | seen in a garage in the 90's.
           | 
           | And if we are not children and can talk about such things,
           | they can look good. (Although the 90's tools are now retro
           | and also have an aesthetic)
           | 
           | Track down a power tools catalogue from the 90's
           | 
           | Like computers, every thing was invented before the 80's. But
           | now it's usable and accessible.
           | 
           | And yes, the 80% is probably batteries and cost. But there's
           | a lot in the 20% too.
           | 
           | Going off topic but putting a clear window on stick vacuum
           | cleaners literally gamified vacuuming. What that means for
           | asthma for instance we will see over the years.
           | 
           | Battery adapter's (ie. Milwaukee to Makita) went from 3d
           | printed on ebay to injected moulded over a short period.
           | 
           | The female market has been increasing since the 90/00's and
           | is continuing to increase.
        
           | buescher wrote:
           | The big refinement other than going to lithium batteries is
           | the adoption of brushless DC motor technology.
        
           | eropple wrote:
           | Saw brakes. Both Bosch (outside the US) and SawStop have
           | technology where a current in the blade can detect the
           | resistance of something that isn't wood and throw a brake
           | before the blade can damage your hand. The Bosch one doesn't
           | even break the blade, though the SawStop one does. The
           | patents are still snarling it up, but it'll happen
           | eventually.
           | 
           | Also, accuracy and precision on smaller/cheaper tools. I have
           | a "jobsite table saw", which is a thoroughly budget one by
           | comparison to a big ol' cabinet saw. And being a smaller saw
           | has a lot of problems, but one that stopped being a problem
           | is a rack-and-pinion fence even on fairly cheap (~$300) table
           | saws that provides really, really solid accuracy.
        
           | lostlogin wrote:
           | For me: The auto spooling weed eater. The hinges hedge
           | trimmer than means I don't need a ladder and can just walk
           | along with it and cut the top. And to go with the tools,
           | decent and readily available safety equipment. Not really a
           | tool - home automation via ESP chips to water the garden.
        
           | throwaway0a5e wrote:
           | Substantial cost decreases as east Asian manufacturing
           | matured. I'm not sure if that counts as an innovation.
        
           | dboreham wrote:
           | That's not a small factor though as it reduces size and
           | weight considerably. Also motor and motor control tech has
           | improved significantly.
        
       | hit8run wrote:
       | No one can afford a house in or close to the town anymore. So
       | actually life quality for most people went down south.
        
       | throwaway0a5e wrote:
       | I think he kind of missed the elephant that is modern
       | communication technology has reduced the marginal cost of skilled
       | services enabling pretty much every object designed in an office
       | and manufactured in a factory to benefit from a broader array of
       | engineering and design professionals and methodologies. The
       | average product and service that the average actor in the economy
       | interacts with is designed and optimized to a far greater degree
       | today than they were historically.
       | 
       | Look at the bottle of Elmers glue on the table. Today the glue
       | probably works better (barring regulation that forces compromises
       | to product efficacy) and comes in a bottle that uses half as much
       | plastic. Something like a bottle revision that would have
       | formerly required expensive salaried employees to come up with
       | multiple options, send them to the supplier, supplier has to
       | respond to each with details and quotes, etc, can now be
       | accomplished in a fraction of the man hours thanks to email and
       | CAD being ubiquitous in the entire supply chain from marketing,
       | to engineering, to the vendor's contractor who will actually
       | design the tooling. Sign off might take days instead of weeks.
       | This sort of efficiency improvement allows more engineering,
       | design work, or other optimization to be done to every good and
       | service in our economy allowing it to penetrate into even the
       | most thin margin use cases. From farming to high finance products
       | and services are substantially more influenced and optimized by
       | specialist professionals than they were in 1990. Increase
       | efficiency like this throughout the national and global economy
       | is how lawnmowers and A/C units can be sold on sale for $100 and
       | still make a profit. (yes I know that example isn't perfect but
       | you get the point).
        
         | dougmwne wrote:
         | I had a moment like this recently with, of all things, a
         | snorkeling mask. It was one of those full face masks with a big
         | snorkel sticking out the top like a unicorn's horn that popped
         | on the market a few years ago. It is a marvel. It took all the
         | downsides of the old masks and ingeniously fixed them. Full
         | mouth and nose breathing so you can breathe naturally and
         | comfortably, an airflow pattern that pulls dry air over the
         | lens and keeps it fog free, a wide-angle lense for a better
         | view and less claustrophobia, and an ingeniously designed
         | system of valves that keeps water from flowing into the snorkel
         | and uses your exhalation to push any leaked water in the mask
         | out the bottom. All together, it eliminated the underwater
         | panic I would usually have to fight through while snorkeling
         | and made me feel like a dolphin. No way a product like this
         | could have been made without the collaboration of a lot of very
         | skilled professionals.
        
           | tcpekin wrote:
           | The real problem with these masks is that unless you are
           | quite good at equalizing with your jaw, it will be hard to
           | relieve pressure if you dive down more than 6-8 feet or so.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Be careful with those. Diver's Alert Network states that full
           | face snorkeling masks can cause dangerous hypercapnia unless
           | they have tight seals and working one-way valves.
           | 
           | https://blog.daneurope.org/en_US/blog/are-full-face-
           | snorkeli...
        
             | dougmwne wrote:
             | Thanks, yes my mask is properly designed with the one way
             | valve system and small sealed breathing pocket around the
             | mouth. I definitely appreciate that this product has a
             | complex design to ensure safety and that a knock-off could
             | be dangerous.
        
             | pbronez wrote:
             | Interesting, thanks for sharing.
             | 
             | > So how to know a mask is safe? Check whether the mask has
             | a one-way breathing system, verify that one-way valves are
             | in place both in the snorkel as well as in the orinasal
             | mask section, and last but not least check if the orinasal
             | mask makes a good seal on your face. If these checks are
             | positive, then it is a good indication the mask is safe to
             | use.
        
           | rootsudo wrote:
           | Alright, you have me sold - link me to the mask?
        
             | BrandoElFollito wrote:
             | In France you can find them for instance here:
             | https://www.decathlon.fr/browse/c0-tous-les-
             | sports/c1-snorke...
             | 
             | (Decathlon is a very prominent sports shop in France, I
             | believe that others now sell the mask as well)
             | 
             | EDIT: I noticed that we apparently have the anti-unicorn
             | version (with the tube pointing to the back) :)
        
             | dougmwne wrote:
             | These all are essentially the same design:
             | 
             | https://www.amazon.com/full-face-snorkeling-mask/s?k=full-
             | fa...
        
           | david422 wrote:
           | That's got to be some person with a snorkeling hobby and they
           | are just thinking "there's got to be a better way than this".
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | Those types of masks actually existed in the 1960s though I'm
           | sure the newer ones are more sophisticated. My mother had one
           | of those.
        
           | treis wrote:
           | These are somewhat dangerous as the additional airspace
           | allows CO2 to build up. I haven't seen good studies either
           | way, but there's lots of anecdata out there of people
           | reporting symptoms.
        
             | dougmwne wrote:
             | There is a system of valves that keep the air flowing in
             | just a single direction. Also, there are additional seals
             | inside the mask that keep the exhalation dead space to a
             | small area just around the mouth and nose, not the entire
             | inner area of the mask and snorkel.
        
             | BrandoElFollito wrote:
             | Is this really dangerous? We are naturally armed against
             | CO2 and there will be a lot of warning signs (headache,
             | short breath, ...) before anything happens.
        
               | treis wrote:
               | It's not like they're execution devices. But the symptoms
               | include dizziness and disorientation which isn't ideal in
               | the ocean. Plus it can exacerbate pre-existing conditions
               | where you might skip the mild symptoms and go straight to
               | serious ones.
        
               | steve_adams_86 wrote:
               | Anything that compromises respiration while in the water
               | is very concerning to me and I wouldn't use them, though
               | it seems to be resolved in newer models. I prefer a basic
               | but high quality J snorkel with a comfortable mouthpiece
               | but I understand why these types of masks are appealing
               | too.
               | 
               | Your thought that we're naturally armed against CO2 build
               | up is generally true, but what we aren't armed against is
               | a lack of O2 in the presence of a lack of CO2. Our urge
               | to breathe occurs not because we're losing O2, but
               | because we have too much CO2 in our bodies. I think this
               | is critical to understand in the context of snorkelling.
               | 
               | If you're in a room and CO2 is gradually built up, you
               | will likely experience symptoms of the build up occurring
               | in your body, absolutely. When it's more acute though,
               | you often don't experience symptoms in a time frame in
               | which you'll be able to respond properly. In the case
               | with this mask that's probably not a concern at all.
               | 
               | Another concern, far more applicable here, is hypoxia.
               | This kills snorkellers and divers frequently. Typically
               | they deplete CO2 levels in their body via over-exertion
               | and/or hyperventilation (intentionally or not) then go
               | under water for some period waiting for their warning
               | signals to return to the surface to breathe.
               | Unfortunately the signals never occur because CO2 levels
               | haven't reached a level which causes their nervous system
               | to respond by causing an urge to breathe. Instead, oxygen
               | is depleted causing a blackout to occur either under
               | water or near the surface. The person isn't able to
               | protect themselves while unconscious, so they often
               | drown.
               | 
               | I wanted to point this out because in the context of
               | water sports, more people need to be aware of this. Your
               | body won't always let you know you're in danger. It's
               | often why people experience it and/or die from it - they
               | simply didn't know. We expect our bodies to tell us when
               | we need to breathe. This is because our bodies are
               | typically in conditions which allow for this to happen
               | and we're very accustomed to that - we take it for
               | granted. Once you skew the O2 and CO2 levels in your
               | body, things don't occur as you'd expect at all. Much
               | like any other situation where homeostasis is
               | compromised.
               | 
               | Hopefully I'm not coming across as lecturing or anything.
               | I'm genuinely intending to be helpful.
               | 
               | Some key tips when in the water, regardless of what mask
               | you use:
               | 
               | - Breathe normally, don't hyperventilate
               | 
               | - Only dive if your breathing is at a normal rate and you
               | feel relaxed
               | 
               | - Say you dive down for 30 seconds - spend at least 1
               | minute (2x your dive time) recovering oxygen, preferably
               | 3x
               | 
               | - Always, always try to go with other people - accidents
               | happen, and you'll need each other
               | 
               | - If it's your first time spending time under water,
               | gradually build up your time under there. Feel out your
               | comfort zone before testing yourself.
               | 
               | - Spit out your snorkel when you go under water. If
               | something goes wrong, it becomes an easy entry point for
               | water to get to your lungs.
        
             | phreeza wrote:
             | That doesn't make sense to me, why would a larger space
             | allow for more CO2 buildup, if there is a connection to the
             | outside?
        
               | treis wrote:
               | There will be some mixing of fresh air through the
               | snorkel but that's a small opening and a long tube. It
               | will still mostly be the air you exhaled. For a
               | traditional snorkel that's a small volume relative to a
               | breath but not so much for those masks. Plus, if you're
               | diving under the water a traditional snorkel will be
               | completely purged while these masks will retain the air.
        
               | GoatOfAplomb wrote:
               | I started to write this out but realized a more polished
               | explanation might be more useful:
               | 
               | "Snorkels constitute respiratory dead space. When the
               | user takes in a fresh breath, some of the previously
               | exhaled air which remains in the snorkel is inhaled
               | again, reducing the amount of fresh air in the inhaled
               | volume, and increasing the risk of a buildup of carbon
               | dioxide in the blood, which can result in hypercapnia.
               | The greater the volume of the tube, and the smaller the
               | tidal volume of breathing, the more this problem is
               | exacerbated. Including the internal volume of the mask in
               | the breathing circuit greatly expands the dead space."
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snorkel_(swimming)
               | 
               | (The face mask snorkels are relevant to the "greater the
               | volume of the tube" part.)
        
               | coryrc wrote:
               | That's the problem with the old ones, where you breathe
               | in and out the same tube. That's fixed in these full-face
               | masks.
        
               | lisper wrote:
               | As long as they are working properly. The problem is that
               | the valves can fail (or not be properly designed in the
               | first place), and then they become dangerous.
               | 
               | https://www.ktvu.com/news/recent-snorkel-deaths-prompts-
               | inve...
        
               | treis wrote:
               | New snorkels have a one way valve on the bottom. That
               | vents the exhalation plus allows the water to drain when
               | you're on the surface.
        
               | phreeza wrote:
               | Interesting, my comment was based on the assumption that
               | the tidal volume of human breath would be much larger
               | than the tube/mask, but it seems I was wrong, it's just
               | 500ml for an average human breath, opposed to 6 liters of
               | lung volume.
        
               | Jeff_Brown wrote:
               | I don't know if it actually applies to a facemask with
               | unidirectional flow (on at the top, out at the bottom).
               | But the CO2 buildup mechanism is sometimes described as a
               | reason for medical facemasks to be close-fitting. When
               | you exhale into a mask with a big space, and then inhale
               | again, you (very roughly) first inhale everything that
               | was in the mask before inhaling new air.
               | 
               | The extreme example is breathing from a long skinny tube.
               | If the volume of the tube is bigger than that of your
               | lungs, you never inhale new air.
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | > Today the glue probably works better (barring regulation that
         | forces compromises to product efficacy)
         | 
         | Regulation might do that and there is much more going on:
         | 
         | Regulation also protects health and safety of customers and
         | workers (especially important with chemical products) and
         | prevents fraud, and it corrects market distortions that damage
         | businesses, including instituting changes that the nature of
         | the market prevents any one business from implementing, and
         | opening up competition.
         | 
         | Other things limit technological innovation, including
         | incumbents with market power who profit more from eliminating
         | competition than from improving their products.
        
         | Jeff_Brown wrote:
         | > missed the elephant that is ...
         | 
         | Definitely a big deal, but mostly invisible on the demand side.
         | You're talking about improvements to the supply process; the
         | article is about what consumers experience.
        
         | MontyCarloHall wrote:
         | The downside to broadening the talent pool for
         | design/manufacturing is that it means workers now have to be
         | among the best in the world to get business and thus earn a
         | good living. It no longer suffices to be the best in a local
         | region.
         | 
         | If each local region needs its own widget factory, then to
         | become a top widgetsmith you only have to compete with the
         | local widgetsmith talent pool. Just as there can be many high
         | school star athletes across the world, there can be many top
         | widgetsmiths within their local widget factories across the
         | world, even if each is likely mediocre relative to the global
         | pool of widgetsmiths.
         | 
         | Now the widget market has globalized. To become a top
         | widgetsmith, you now need to be the best in the world. There is
         | no room for locally optimal widgetsmiths when the market can
         | globally optimize, just as there's no room for most star high
         | school athletes at the NBA.
         | 
         | The upside is that the entire world gets much better widgets.
         | The downside is that you can only make a good living as a
         | widgetsmith if you're the absolute best in the world. Local
         | markets lead to redundancy, which is globally inefficient but
         | locally optimal.
        
           | inglor_cz wrote:
           | "workers now have to be the best in the world to get business
           | and thus earn a good living"
           | 
           | This is extra pronounced for singers, actors etc., but not as
           | much for people such as software engineers. A mediocre
           | programmer that implements functionality that _you_ need is
           | much more valuable for you than a star programmer immersed in
           | his UltraFastXMLParserForHaskell library and does not take
           | side jobs.
        
           | njharman wrote:
           | Yep.
           | 
           | That is why society is (has to) move into post-employment
           | era. It's no longer required or even beneficial for everyone
           | to be employed and/or employed to the extreme degree they are
           | now (~50% of waking hours).
        
             | quacked wrote:
             | I agree with you, but in a different way. Our supply chains
             | that we need to stay alive (medical, shipping, farming,
             | manufacturing) run on extreme conditions and extreme
             | working hours, paid for by extreme money, designed by
             | extreme intellect. We could all stop working, but the
             | workers in those industries (from the CEO down to the
             | laborer) would have to keep their extreme conditions and
             | extreme hours.
             | 
             | If, somehow, we all started working for the supply chain, I
             | think we could rebalance those hours so that they weren't
             | as extreme. As it stands, solutions like UBI still require
             | sweatshops, global shipping, global finance, etc. while
             | simply letting people who aren't on the hook to provide a
             | vital service to sit around and gaze at navels.
        
               | njarboe wrote:
               | Maybe a system where people work in the extreme system
               | from 20-30, get paid highly, and save enough to not need
               | to work again in their early 30's. Seems like a much
               | better system than UBI.
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | The upside I think of is that this enables more
           | specialization and "division of labor", which is one of the
           | basic drivers of prosperity.
        
             | toyg wrote:
             | * _was_ one of the basic drivers, when labour was scarce
             | and specialization rare.
             | 
             | We're now headed to a situation where labour is abundant
             | (demographic trends being what they are, globally) and
             | specialization trivially achieved (hello youtube). I'm not
             | so sure it will continue to be an advantageous trait.
        
             | lastofthemojito wrote:
             | True, but a downside is that there may be a correlation
             | between specialization/division of labor and
             | depression/ennui.
             | 
             | I don't have any data handy, but I think we often feel
             | greater satisfaction working through all of the aspects to
             | creating something versus being a "cog in the machine" and
             | specializing in one role. E.g. I'd rather build a boat -
             | have a hand in the design, source the materials, and
             | actually physically build it rather than work in a factory
             | and operate a machine that spits out rudders all day, every
             | day.
             | 
             | Of course, the boats created via mass production are
             | probably going to be cheaper and in many ways better than
             | what a novice manages to put together.
        
               | krisoft wrote:
               | Your boat comparision is nonsensical.
               | 
               | To build a boat on your own the way you described is
               | crazy resource intensive. You need land to store the
               | boat, you need materials, you need tools, you need free
               | time to work on it. This is basically a wealthy persons
               | pet project. Depending on the size of the boat and your
               | abilities you will be pumping a crazy amount of resources
               | into this for years.
               | 
               | The second type is a job. You need a car to get to the
               | factory, and an able body. Within a week to a month you
               | would be expecting your first paycheck.
               | 
               | You are basically asking if a wealthy person can feel
               | higher amount of satisfaction than a worker class. It's
               | cliche that money doesn't bring happyness, but if you are
               | investing that much resources into a project it better be
               | making you happy or what are you doing with your life?
               | 
               | The other problem with the comparision is that people who
               | have a boat project are a self-selected bunch for those
               | who would enjoy building a boat. If i would have the
               | resources to build a boat I wouldn't. It is a risky,
               | hard, and back breaking work. The reward at the end is
               | that you have a boat, which I don't want. If you give me
               | resources and force me to build my own boat I will be
               | misserable.
               | 
               | Is it a surprise then that this wealthy self-selected
               | bunch has a higher statisfaction with their pet project
               | than a factory worker? How could this ever be a fair
               | comparision?
        
               | Jeff_Brown wrote:
               | Even someone who does "the whole job" is still generally
               | a cog in the machine, as few jobs are in themselves
               | extremely important in the global scheme of things.
               | Indeed t here have been plenty of forgettable prime
               | ministers and presidents. The question is just how much
               | diversity of tasks it takes to feel engaged, and how much
               | scope of responsibility it takes to feel like what you're
               | doing matters.
               | 
               | The exception would be someone like a subsistence farmer.
               | But hell I'd rather work in a factory.
        
           | wolverine876 wrote:
           | > that it means workers now have to be the best in the world
           | to get business and thus earn a good living. It no longer
           | suffices to be the best in a local region.
           | 
           | Yes, though for most jobs there is far more demand than can
           | be met by the best in the world. When someone needs a lawyer
           | or software developer, they are very unlikely to hire the
           | best in the world.
        
             | MontyCarloHall wrote:
             | > When someone needs a lawyer or software developer, they
             | are very unlikely to hire the best in the world.
             | 
             | Certainly not the _absolute best_ in the world, but they
             | are still unlikely to hire a thoroughly mediocre worker who
             | in a past world devoid of easy global communication and
             | travel would have only been hired into a high-paying role
             | by virtue of the fact that they were the only available
             | worker with the necessary skills, since sourcing better
             | talent from a global pool was much harder.
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | Agreed; it is more competitive, and therefore work should
               | become more specialized. I wonder if it drives
               | unemployment; I expect that it drives people to tasks
               | they are more productive in (and perhaps more interested
               | in, given greater options).
               | 
               | But let's also remember that much of the world doesn't
               | use the Internet. In the US, large segments of the
               | population lack computers (beyond phones) and high speed
               | internet access. I know that during the pandemic, schools
               | in poor districts had the problem that many of their
               | students lacked those tools for remote learning.
               | 
               | And for FWIW, there are exceptions where the absolute
               | best in the world dominate the market, such as in
               | entertainment where the top musical performers, athletes,
               | etc. collect almost all the revenue.
        
             | dntrkv wrote:
             | And not only that, a lot of the improvements in these
             | tools, services, and supply chains means you can design,
             | prototype, and mass manufacture a product without buy-in
             | from a major corp.
             | 
             | So many of the new products I buy are designed by small
             | teams, or in some cases, one-man operations. It's funny how
             | we went from a single craftsman making the whole product,
             | to massive corporations making all the products, and now
             | the internet, with the access it has given us to
             | information and the global supply chain, has allowed us to
             | go back to that world where we can leverage the talents of
             | an individual and mass production at the same time.
             | 
             | I think the Framework laptop is a prime example of this.
             | The fact that a small team like that can "produce" a
             | product of such quality is mind blowing.
             | 
             | It seems to me that the general quality of items has been
             | on a steady rate of improvement again, rather than the
             | race-to-the-bottom that seemingly every industry
             | experienced during the 90s and early 00s.
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | > And not only that, a lot of the improvements in these
               | tools, services, and supply chains means you can design,
               | prototype, and mass manufacture a product without buy-in
               | from a major corp.
               | 
               | A great point. While I'm well aware of it, is there a
               | book or guide to how that is done? 'Global supply chain
               | manufacturing for noobs'? I'm looking for something with
               | real expertise and research behind it, not someone's blog
               | post.
               | 
               | - Another consequence is that everyone can publish,
               | anything, no matter how good it is. Come to think of it,
               | in that example, crap rises to the top much more than the
               | cream.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Global supply chain manufacturing for noobs in two parts:
               | 
               | Part 1; make a compelling mockup, post to kickstarter etc
               | and other social media
               | 
               | Part 2: bide your time with product update mockups until
               | knock offs appear on Alibaba. Make a show about
               | complaining about the knock offs and then return the
               | kickstarter deposits.
        
               | guntars wrote:
               | This is what's happening with open source hardware. For
               | example, VESC and ODrive both quickly had knockoffs in
               | all the usual places. The maintainers were somewhat
               | understandably irked by this, but if you ask me it's
               | exactly what should be happening. Maybe the issue was the
               | knockoffs not complying with the license or not giving
               | credit, but if that's all good and proper, and we should
               | check as the end buyer, it's a net benefit to the
               | consumer.
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | > This is what's happening with open source hardware. For
               | example, VESC and ODrive both quickly had knockoffs in
               | all the usual places. The maintainers were somewhat
               | understandably irked by this, but if you ask me it's
               | exactly what should be happening.
               | 
               | That is fantastic (at least as far as I understand it).
               | What a fantasy of open source that not only do people
               | download your code and compile it, but they download your
               | hardware design and _manufacture_ it!
               | 
               | Who doesn't it benefit? The designers and other
               | developers now have prototypes, etc. without having to
               | pay for manufacturing.
        
               | guntars wrote:
               | Agreed. I'm working on some hardware that I intend to
               | open source and prepare a ZIP with all the files
               | necessary to order your own boards from some place like
               | JLCPCB that also does assembly. For the user it's a
               | matter of dragging the ZIP to the manufacturers site and
               | filling in some details. But that also means that they
               | can easily swap out parts and customize it any way they
               | want. Together with a 3D printer to make a case, you
               | could make OSS/HW replacements to a lot of the crapware
               | products that we have to use.
        
           | ajmurmann wrote:
           | A big question to be is if
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jevons_paradox applies to this
           | type of labor.
        
           | Jeff_Brown wrote:
           | It's noteworthy that you're talking about the market for
           | products, not services. Services generally don't scale like
           | products do. We need more plumbers than toilet manufacturers.
        
           | BuckRogers wrote:
           | Very well put. Excellently stated. That's one of the concepts
           | that many have thought about, because we all feel the
           | effects, but aren't exactly sure how to articulate. I'm going
           | to be thinking about that comment!
           | 
           | It definitely applies to software. It's why trades are a much
           | better career option, local will never not matter in that
           | case. The best 'star high school' welders and electricians
           | are always going to be desirable, as no one is flying in the
           | best in the world for every little job.
           | 
           | Most of us, except the best in the world among us, messed up
           | going into software. The script completely flipped on this
           | since I was a child in the 80s and was dreaming of becoming a
           | programmer as I am now.
        
             | flerchin wrote:
             | Software dev wages are through the roof as a
             | counterargument.
        
               | munk-a wrote:
               | Most aren't - most are quite comfortable but 100k is
               | still above the median for developers.
        
               | BuckRogers wrote:
               | That's what I see. As the OP I can say that my wages
               | aren't through the roof, and I don't think they ever will
               | be. I'm a developer and under 100K. I'm not sure anyone I
               | know in this industry has a "through the roof" salary. I
               | don't know anyone at Google. Given how hard I work for
               | the money I do make, I'm expecting to unionize or go solo
               | with my own thing, before my salary somehow goes through
               | the roof. Either of those are more likely.
        
               | flerchin wrote:
               | I dunno. I've never worked a FAANG, but wage increases
               | have been great for every new job. Maybe my US
               | perspective is showing? Maybe move to a hotter market?
        
               | leetcrew wrote:
               | according to BLS, the median is more like $110k:
               | https://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-
               | technology/...
               | 
               | anyway, the median figure doesn't tell you a whole lot by
               | itself. the median rent in the US for is ~$950 for a 1BR
               | or ~$1250 for a 3BR (suitable for a family with 2-3
               | children). if you make the median salary, you are
               | probably taking home $6000-6500 a month depending on tax
               | situation. having ~$5000 left over after paying rent
               | sounds more than just "comfortable" to me.
               | 
               | of course, we don't know exactly how well local rents are
               | correlated with dev pay. maybe to be more than
               | "comfortable" you need to pay for private school or pay
               | rent in the best school district. but it would be much
               | more useful to calculate the ratio of rent or home price
               | to pay for each dev and then take the median of that.
        
         | minikites wrote:
         | >(barring regulation that forces compromises to product
         | efficacy)
         | 
         | Can you really not think of any benefits of regulation to
         | correct for pervasive market failures?
        
           | Filligree wrote:
           | Of course there are benefits. It's still true that it
           | compromises the main goal of the glue--compromise is the
           | _point_.
        
             | wolverine876 wrote:
             | > It's still true that it compromises the main goal of the
             | glue--compromise is the point.
             | 
             | That may happen, but it's not generally true. Regulation
             | can, for example, increase competition which increases
             | innovation. It can standardize safety rules, which reduces
             | the risk for manufacturers clearly defining what they do
             | and don't have to do. Etc.
        
             | minikites wrote:
             | That's not the typical framing I see, it's usually
             | "government regulations strangling private sector
             | innovation" with the implication that there are no
             | benefits.
        
               | BurningFrog wrote:
               | I'd say the costs outweigh the benefits, and the benefits
               | often go to the politically connected who can influence
               | the regulations.
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | > the benefits often go to the politically connected who
               | can influence the regulations
               | 
               | The benefits go to a lot of people, or you could say that
               | voting makes you politically connected. Politicians must
               | balance many interests, including those of the
               | politically connected and of the voting public. You don't
               | want to be the politician who failed to protect your
               | constituents.
        
         | tootie wrote:
         | I think he missed a lot bigger elephants. Things like the
         | massive reduction in global poverty levels or eradication of
         | polio. The global decrease in crime. We reversed ozone
         | depletion and massively decreased the mortality rate for HIV.
         | This post is more like a list of cool products we have now when
         | we have monumental human development achievements no one is
         | talking about.
        
         | dalbasal wrote:
         | _" From farming to high finance products and services are
         | substantially more influenced and optimized by specialist
         | professionals than they were in 1990. Increase efficiency like
         | this throughout the national and global economy is how
         | lawnmowers and A/C units can be sold on sale for $100 and still
         | make a profit. "_
         | 
         | You can find examples of this, but overall, I dispute the
         | generalization.
         | 
         | I think quality/price improvements have been monumental in some
         | areas, stagnant in others. Computer related products have gone
         | crazy. It's not more for less though, it's "much more for a
         | little more." The market grew a lot and a produces a hell of a
         | lot more. Even that isn't the norm though. More for less, even
         | less for less, are uncommon.
         | 
         | Farming and manufacturing.... None of the capitalisation, gene
         | patents and such of recent generations is anything like basic
         | green revolution tech, in terms of productivity growth. Farming
         | is different. It uses less labour, more capital, but it's not
         | producing much more efficiently. The price of farm produce
         | isn't falling, quality is not rising. Same for most
         | manufacturing, especially basic manufacturing. Most of the last
         | generations' gains were made by employing cheaper employees in
         | cheaper places, not reinventing manufacturing techniques. So,
         | low end, high volume manufactured goods got cheaper, but a car
         | still costs what it costs. Good quality appliances generally do
         | too.
         | 
         | The quality of housing has gone up, but prices are often very
         | high.
         | 
         | Education... we have more and arguably better, but more
         | expensive.
         | 
         | Medicine... same. More and better, but more expensive.
         | 
         | There's a pattern here that's more complex and interesting than
         | the average.
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > Computer related products have gone crazy. It's not more
           | for less though, it's "much more for a little more."
           | 
           | I thought we liked Raspberry Pis on HN.
        
           | stevenhuang wrote:
           | > Even that isn't the norm though. More for less, even less
           | for less, are uncommon.
           | 
           | At least in the embedded space, this is definitely not true.
           | The norm is approaching more and more features for less.
        
             | dalbasal wrote:
             | My point was that as price drops & quality rises, there's
             | an increase in consumption.
        
           | dntrkv wrote:
           | > Education... we have more and arguably better, but more
           | expensive.
           | 
           | There are many thousands of people on this forum that have
           | gotten a free education and in turn, one of the best careers
           | in history from that free education that would never have
           | been possible until recently.
           | 
           | I'm seeing more and more people (that aren't designers and
           | engineers) are forgoing classical education and making a
           | great living for themselves just by utilizing the freely
           | available information on the internet.
        
             | dalbasal wrote:
             | True. Some of that "more" is even free, quite a lot of it.
             | Still, if you do the sums, the education industry is
             | larger.
        
       | victorbstan wrote:
       | I looked at the 1980s desktop picture and I realized nothing has
       | improved since then.
        
         | technothrasher wrote:
         | I looked at the 1980s desktop picture and realized the computer
         | on it was a Mac Classic (with the logo and name removed, and an
         | earlier mouse and keyboard), which was released in 1990.
        
       | sumanthvepa wrote:
       | My kitchen is definitely antediluvian by this standard. We still
       | have a gas stove. The induction stove after week of use has been
       | relegated quietly to the attic by the wife, and has stayed there
       | for years. I suspect Indian cooking doesn't lend itself well to
       | the use of induction stoves.
        
         | Etheryte wrote:
         | There are many dishes that you simply can't make without the
         | heat of a gas stove. Mostly I would say you won't find these in
         | the western cuisine though, so it explains how the author might
         | miss this point. Modern gas stoves are pretty much as safe as
         | any other appliance, but I can see why someone who doesn't see
         | a need for one might avoid it.
        
         | globular-toast wrote:
         | Induction stoves are good for boiling water and nothing else.
         | And I mean boiling, not simmering. I'm going back to gas very
         | soon and can't wait to start cooking properly again.
        
           | tristor wrote:
           | Pretty much agreed. I thought induction was going to be the
           | miracle technology that would make a kitchen both highly
           | productive and capable while increasing safety standards
           | markedly over working with open flame. I was all in on
           | getting a high-end induction range to replace my older
           | radiant electric range, and thanks to a friend's advice I
           | decided to buy a freestanding single-burner induction cooktop
           | to try it first.
           | 
           | I found that induction is a VERY VERY uneven heating source,
           | in fact it's the most uneven heating source. When using it
           | with traditional cooking methods and implements that are also
           | usually quite uneven (like cast iron) it becomes a complete
           | travesty. Additionally, typical cooking techniques that are
           | intended to address unevenness of heat like pan flipping
           | doesn't work with an induction cooktop because when you lift
           | the pan it shuts off.
           | 
           | I ended up getting a dual fuel gas range (gas cooktop,
           | electric oven with convection) and I love it. Gas is just the
           | best way to cook, period. I wish it weren't so, because it's
           | not energy efficient and it can be a safety hazard, but it
           | just straight out works better than anything else.
        
             | globular-toast wrote:
             | This is my primary frustration with induction too. I use
             | heavy cast iron and stainless steel clad aluminium
             | cookware. This isn't some cheap thin stuff before people
             | think it's the pans. The induction ring will make a hot
             | spot hotter the sun in the middle of the pan while leaving
             | the edges without any heat whatsoever. It's a complete
             | nightmare for doing something like frying an egg, searing
             | meat or anything really except boiling or deep fat frying
             | where the water/oil provides the conductive surface rather
             | than the bottom of the pan.
             | 
             | The other problem is temperature regulation. It regulates
             | heat by pulsing on and off. It makes a noise which is
             | annoying. On some settings and some pans, it will pulse
             | between boiling over and coming off the boil completely.
             | Since the heat settings are digital it can be impossible to
             | find a setting that will keep water at a simmer (even if
             | your volume of water is large enough to overcome the
             | pulsing).
             | 
             | The one thing electric hobs have going for them is ease of
             | cleaning. But cleaning a gas hob is a small price to pay
             | for being able to cook properly.
             | 
             | Gas hob with electric oven is definitely the best
             | combination overall. I could see having a couple of
             | induction rings in addition to gas useful just for boiling
             | and deep fat frying due to increased efficiency and safety,
             | but that seems like an overly complicated setup.
        
             | dhosek wrote:
             | We're in the process of designing a new kitchen and I had
             | thought that we might do a hybrid cook surface: use a six-
             | burner space to have a 3-4 spot induction cooktop and a
             | 2-burner gas cooktop. Hearing these accounts, I'm beginning
             | to reconsider (certainly, there are some things, like
             | roasting chili peppers that can only be done effectively on
             | a gas range).
        
               | globular-toast wrote:
               | If you can I would go 4 gas and 2 induction. I think that
               | would be a pretty good setup and a true "best of both
               | worlds".
        
       | dionidium wrote:
       | Seeing the "War on Drugs Lost" and "War On Smoking Won" sections
       | back-to-back highlights how much stuff like this depends on how
       | you define success. Of course, far more people smoke cigarettes
       | in 2021 than consume illegal drugs (or legal marijuana), but we
       | won the battle on the former and lost the war on the latter?
       | Second, a lot of our worst addicts now live in tents in open-air
       | drug markets that exist on a scale that would have been
       | unimaginable in 1991. Is this what progress looks like?
        
       | rthomas6 wrote:
       | The big changes, I think, are smartphones and widespread LGBT
       | acceptance. Everything else just seems like incremental
       | improvements to existing technology.
        
         | cmrdporcupine wrote:
         | Smoking in bars, restaurants, nightclubs, and other places
         | where you wouldn't even think about it now. Coming home after a
         | night out stinking like stale cigarette smoke was the norm,
         | even if you didn't smoke (which you may as well have).
        
         | detcader wrote:
         | I'd submit two more:
         | 
         | An incredible amount of whistleblower leaks made it possible
         | for citizens to know what horrible things their governments are
         | doing. There is a real check on state power when the press has
         | such a reach now, and you can publish (or dump) materials
         | anywhere online even if you don't trust the press.
         | 
         | Frozen/convenient dietary alternatives to enslaving and killing
         | animals are now easily available and it's no longer
         | conventional wisdom that veganism will kill you or make you a
         | stick figure person. Not likely considered incremental by those
         | living beings!
        
       | alasdair_ wrote:
       | " the Internet/Human Genetics/AI/VR are now actually things
       | Imagine dealing with the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic in 1989
       | instead."
       | 
       | Am I the only one hat thinks without Facebook and other social
       | media, our vaccination and mask wearing rates would likely be
       | much higher?
        
       | JeremyNT wrote:
       | This one stood out for me:
       | 
       | > _All-You-Can-Eat Broadband_
       | 
       | ... in some places, with some providers. My local broadband
       | monopoly imposes metered data usage, with caps and overage
       | charges. You have to pay $30 to have unmetered access.
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | Without denying any of the improvements cited here, some things,
       | even in computing, are no better:
       | 
       | 1) Printers still suck. By that I mean, mainly, reliability. I
       | try to print something from my Mac laptop. The printer is
       | connected, has paper, and displays no error messages.
       | Nonetheless, nothing happens. There's no apparent way to figure
       | out why. There wasn't in the 90s and there still isn't.
       | 
       | 2) Software quality is, if anything, worse. It's clear that no
       | unusual cases are ever tested for; only the most common browsers
       | and a few of the recent releases of the OS. Error cases are
       | handled no better than they ever were.
       | 
       | 3) What else?
        
         | bhelkey wrote:
         | > 1) Printers still suck. By that I mean, mainly, reliability.
         | 
         | Laser printers are a step forward even if they leave a lot to
         | be desired. Also, somewhat anecdotally, the amount of times I
         | need to use a printer has significantly fallen since 2005.
        
       | sdevonoes wrote:
       | There are tons of live improvements from my point of view, but
       | the few downsides that exist today make it worse in overall. The
       | main downside I see is:
       | 
       | - big tech companies are becoming so powerful that they will
       | interfere in our daily lives through tech (because tech is
       | everywhere) and there is little we can do about it we want it or
       | not.
       | 
       | You cannot escape Google/Microsoft/Facebook/whatever. You just
       | can't (unless you go full offline, but then the tech live
       | improvements since the 90s go away as well).
        
         | sixothree wrote:
         | I got Pong as a kid (specifically Telstar Marksman) and I have
         | been 100% all in since that day. Every doubling and incremental
         | change has been exciting to me.
         | 
         | The way technology today is implemented repulses me. The
         | surveillance, gamification, addition psychology all seem so
         | unrecognized by the public but have made me less interested.
         | 
         | But for me the biggest grievance is the poorly working
         | software. So tired of it. So so tired.
        
         | dntrkv wrote:
         | > You cannot escape Google/Microsoft/Facebook/whatever.
         | 
         | This is such nonsense.
         | 
         | There are more alternatives now than ever. Name any service
         | provided by FANAMNGS (or whatever acronym we're using today)
         | and there are many alternatives. Shit we even have viable
         | alternatives to iPhones and Androids.
         | 
         | Now if you need AWS level quality of service, you're gonna have
         | to use a service provided by a company that has the means to
         | provide that level of service. The difference is, 20 years ago,
         | that level of service was just not available to your average
         | person/company.
         | 
         | If you're talking about social media, then yeah, social media
         | NETWORKS rely on having everyone on the same platform. It's
         | easier than ever to host your own Geocities equivalent, if
         | that's what you wanna do for some reason.
        
           | sdevonoes wrote:
           | So, I'll give my point of view:
           | 
           | - all the employers I ever had either used Google or
           | Microsoft suite of tools (e.g., gmail, office, etc.)
           | 
           | - my family uses WhatsApp, and they give a damn whether
           | Facebook becomes Big Brother or not
           | 
           | So there you have two aspects of my life (big ones) where I
           | cannot escape the big corporations.
        
       | sokoloff wrote:
       | Driving maps/planning is wildly better, not just a little better.
       | 
       | I can remember in the early 90s going to AAA to get paper maps
       | for upcoming trips, buying a Rand McNally almanac for the car,
       | etc.
       | 
       | First getting mapquest and then later in-car GPS and later Waze
       | has been super convenient.
        
         | jjav wrote:
         | But is it better? Buying maps and planning a road trip is
         | satifying. Blindly following the voice on waze, not really.
         | Worst part is getting there and not knownig how to get back
         | without waze because I was zoned out of the surroundings.
         | 
         | Although the one part that is unequivocally better is the real-
         | time traffic/incident info to reroute around trouble.
        
           | sokoloff wrote:
           | I think it is. I can recall driving alone trying to steal
           | quick peeks at the paper map. Safer (but more difficult) was
           | doing map-based navigation in light aircraft.
           | 
           | Database-backed GPS transformed both of those to be easier
           | and safer to use while traveling.
        
       | wolverine876 wrote:
       | > Fresh Guacamole can be easily bought due to pressure
       | pasteurization
       | 
       | Where do I find this? I tried this spring and summer but couldn't
       | find guacamole that doesn't spoil within a day or two, especially
       | after being opened, which is too soon to be practical.
        
         | jameshart wrote:
         | Get the single serve packs then.
        
           | wolverine876 wrote:
           | Thanks, but that's too much waste for my taste.
        
             | Schiendelman wrote:
             | I wonder if it's less waste than spoiling a larger
             | container.
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | Interesting question, though certainly it is less waste
               | to buy neither.
        
         | WillPostForFood wrote:
         | Yo Quiero is using the process on their pre packaged guacamole.
         | 
         | https://yoquierobrands.com/
        
         | owenversteeg wrote:
         | It looks like Wholly Guacamole, with 83% market share of the US
         | guacamole market, is pressure pasteurized, so it should last
         | significantly longer: https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-
         | world/national/econo...
         | 
         | As far as prices go, seems like Walmart has them at $4.89 for 6
         | mini cups (12oz total or 340g) or a large single package of
         | 15oz/425g for $4.98. An average avocado weighs 136 grams
         | without the pit or skin according to the USDA. Let's say 1/5th
         | of the total weight of avocado flesh you buy is spoiled in some
         | way (too stringy, too hard, spoiled etc.) At $1.25 per avocado
         | and 20% spoilage, the large single package of Wholly Guacamole
         | and the avocado are nearly the same price. Various sources
         | claim that the average US avocado price is around $2 but when I
         | buy them myself I usually get them around $1; I suppose if
         | you're paying more it's an even better value.
         | 
         | So, looks like a good value in addition to saving on spoilage.
         | My only worry would be the plastic waste, but I can't seem to
         | find what the containers are made out of and if those are
         | recyclable.
        
           | wolverine876 wrote:
           | Thank you! I've eaten Wholly Guacamole; not really the best,
           | but now that I know it's pasteurized, I might try it again.
        
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