[HN Gopher] American parents are sending their kids to 'Russian ...
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       American parents are sending their kids to 'Russian math' (2017)
        
       Author : b8
       Score  : 429 points
       Date   : 2021-08-09 04:37 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.wbur.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.wbur.org)
        
       | gfaure wrote:
       | If the article is accurate, one Japanese equivalent of this,
       | known as Kumon, is almost its polar opposite -- remembering my
       | own experiences with it as a kid, it was very much about rote
       | memorisation and doing the same sheet of arithmetic as quickly as
       | possible. One of the exercises Kumon made kids do at the age of 5
       | is to simply place shuffled magnets with the numbers 1 to 100 in
       | order on a 10x10 board.
       | 
       | I can't say that this approach really turned me onto maths: quite
       | the opposite. Past a certain level, the Kumon teachers were
       | essentially just marking from an answer book, without any
       | understanding of the content themselves. They had zero interest
       | (or perhaps ability) in conveying the beauty or applications of
       | maths to the students.
       | 
       | The approach that made me love maths was one where I understood
       | the intuition and purpose behind the methods, ideally enough to
       | develop them from the bare minimum myself.
        
         | platz wrote:
         | So you're saying you're in the cohort that was kumon-schooled
         | and ended up loving math.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | gfaure wrote:
           | Correct, but it was despite Kumon, not because of it.
        
             | sideflare wrote:
             | You're pretty lucky. Years of forced kumon led me away from
             | math.
        
             | platz wrote:
             | so you say. if you were in a study done by researchers,
             | they wouldnt care what you thought the cause was and would
             | only report the correlation.
        
       | vardhanw wrote:
       | I am from India. The school I went to (70-80s) wasn't the best,
       | but I had an innate aptitude for math (perhaps genetic). I was
       | lucky to get introduced to some Russian math texts [1][2] from my
       | 3rd/4th standards which helped me (alongwith some local texts) to
       | get good scholarships and rankings in Maths and science
       | competitions (including a national level Math olympiad) and a
       | later admission to a top level engg college in IIT (again thanks
       | to accessing good libraries for foreign authored books). I see
       | the Russian books as having provided me with a good foundation by
       | being fun and interesting, informative, affordable, immersive and
       | engaging and it really fuelled my interest in math and science.
       | Given the resurgence of the Russian school of math in the US I
       | wish I could be there to educate my children in that tradition.
       | But not being there (out of choice and circumstance, I studied in
       | Boston for a while) I really wish something like this was
       | available in India.
       | 
       | So my question is - is there some sort of a curriculum and
       | associated training material (books, texts) available based on
       | the Russian way of teaching, on which to develop a training plan
       | locally in a country like India? Given the plethora of online
       | school education options available today I do not know what exact
       | training methods are used there, but platforms exist to have a
       | broader reach for teachers to find interested students. I presume
       | it would not be too difficult to setup a curriculum and training
       | outside the normal school one with the explicit intention of
       | developing strong math skills based on a Russian math education
       | base if one wants to teach.
       | 
       | [1] Mainly by Mir publishers, some of which are thankfully still
       | available online @mirtitles.org
       | 
       | [2] the ones I got were at throwaway prices, titles such as Yakov
       | Perelman's Fun with Math, some Little Mathematics Library books
       | physics, chemistry, cybernetics etc.
        
       | lvl100 wrote:
       | This notion that "American" math and sciences lag behind the
       | world is one of the greatest lies ever told in my lifetime. And
       | for the record, there is no "Russian" math or "Chinese" math.
       | Mathematics is mathematics. Where the US approach differs is that
       | they are not requiring high level of math on general public.
       | However, if you are gifted and/or motivated, you have access to
       | unparalleled resources.
        
         | doovd wrote:
         | Everyone understands that Russian math means Russian approach
         | to math. And American approach does not result in general
         | population knowing enough math. And this is why American math
         | is lagging behind.
        
         | caddemon wrote:
         | The US has resources available if you know where to look, but
         | children obviously don't, so it comes down to luck with parents
         | (or in rarer cases a very good teacher). Perhaps the top
         | Olympiad level types get "recruited". But speaking from
         | experience, kids that are in the high 90 percentiles who enjoy
         | math at a young age frequently end up bored in a typical
         | classroom and eventually disillusioned with the subject - not
         | provided additional resources.
         | 
         | By high school one can start seeking out their own resources,
         | but motivation to do math specifically is harder to find when
         | you've considered it a boring subject for 5+ years. And there
         | is definitely an advantage to being introduced certain concepts
         | at an elementary school age.
         | 
         | So the US approach absolutely differs in how it handles early
         | math education for the vast majority of students, not just for
         | the average student. I wish I learned math in the Russian style
         | as a child, and moreover I think US math has this problem
         | moreso than even other subjects here. Humanities classes
         | generally have less mindless repetition and early childhood
         | teachers could easily recommend advanced books in a way they
         | really couldn't for math.
         | 
         | In many schools the same teacher will teach every subject until
         | you hit middle school! So it is no surprise they don't have
         | resources to give to advanced students, as a lot of them dread
         | math themselves.
        
         | MarkLowenstein wrote:
         | It is hard to believe any American feels the need to supplement
         | the existing in-school lessons with after-school paid programs
         | like Russian math or Kumon.
         | 
         | In the last 10 years nearly every school has adopted the Common
         | Core curriculum, which is the product of the latest findings in
         | educational methodology research, developed by Ed.D. luminaries
         | like Dr. Jill Biden, and promoted by successful industrialists
         | like Bill Gates.
        
         | Dracophoenix wrote:
         | If you count Khan Academy and MIT's OCW, sure the Anglo-sphere
         | has unparalleled resources. But a minor point of the article is
         | how the way Americans are taught in conventional public school
         | is just to do the basic work. Math is treated as a hurdle to
         | clear rather than the lifelong mental sport.
         | 
         | But here's a point I would have liked examined further in the
         | article: where does one find material or instruction that would
         | give you a competitive structural thinking needed to grapple
         | Olympiad or Putnam-level content beyond enrichment courses? In
         | China, the best students are scouted early by teachers and
         | prepared by the Chinese government through special camps and
         | their own difficult examinations. I'd assume the same thing
         | happened/happens in Russia. In the United States, by default
         | (and probably by design), its difficult to know on what level a
         | student can stand in regards to everyone else until the very
         | end. At least in a public school.
         | 
         | Parents and students can use proxies like how early AP subjects
         | are offered, USA today rankings, or the success of past alumni.
         | But, unless you're in a well-endowed private schools,
         | magnet/exam schools, or private enrichment program like AoPS
         | (Art of Problem solving) or Talent Identification Programs
         | (many of which are now shutting down) there are few ways to
         | know how well the instruction one receives as a precocious and
         | motivated high school compare to those of the best among the
         | nation or the world.
         | 
         | One could argue if you have to wait until high school to
         | understand where you stand, it's too late. But that's my point,
         | many students may have resources and talent but the lack the
         | expertise to deciding where to and how begin in those crucial
         | first years. Few states have strong "gifted" programs and the
         | one's that do aren't really any better than "normal"
         | instruction in China or Japan.
        
           | lvl100 wrote:
           | Ok. And what did those programs actually achieve for Russia
           | and China? Is that why they send their best to the US/UK to
           | study? Interesting.
        
             | Dracophoenix wrote:
             | Those programs produced Nobel prize-winning scientists,
             | Field prize-winning mathematicians, computational whiz
             | kids, and CEOs of billion dollar companies, etc. I'm sure
             | you've heard of Perelman.
             | 
             | But even the non-Perelmans - the "regular" students - who
             | didn't rise to the peaks of intellectual rigor still have a
             | stronger background in today's knowledge economy then most
             | of their contemporaries stateside.
             | 
             | As far as their children are concerned, the Russians and
             | Chinese send their best 18 year-olds to Ivies, Ivy-likes,
             | and Oxbridge just as they send their best 18 year-olds to
             | Moscow State and Peking. Many of them prefer an American
             | degree for the business opportunities, better income, and
             | the prestige of working for an American firm. A more
             | relevant question to ask is how many would send their best
             | 14 year-olds to the average public high school in the US,
             | or the average comprehensive school in the UK, as full-time
             | students for at least 3 years?
        
       | ardit33 wrote:
       | My sister sent my niece to one, as even her 'private' middle
       | school in Newton, MA, was just not strong enough. She did sign up
       | my niece in every summer class she could, without overloading
       | her. It was always my nieces' choice, and half the time she
       | choose arts and half science. Now, my niece is able to do college
       | entry level data science classes (she is about to become a Junior
       | in HighSchool), and she actually likes it a lot.
       | 
       | American schools are too soft on science in general. I did grades
       | 1-11 in Albania and my senior year of HighSchool in the US. Some
       | of my schooling in Albania was done under communism, and some
       | after communism fell in the 90s.
       | 
       | The Albanian school was brutal in teaching science. Biology
       | started at 5th grade, pre-Algebra at 5, and full blown Algebra at
       | 6, physics at 6, and Chemistry at 7. Then in highschool you did
       | the same, but more advanced. There was no choice at all, you had
       | to do them all. The only choice in HS was a second foreign
       | language. The whole idea was that you have to know all the basics
       | of ALL sciences, so in college you know what to choose and
       | pursue. If you never tried, you will have no clue if you liked
       | something or not. (also basic music knowledge, sheet reading, and
       | arts was a requirement as well).
       | 
       | When I came to the US, I was flabergasted how behind most of the
       | kids were in science. I took AP physics, and it became boring as
       | it was things I had done in 8th grade. I got 800./800 on the SAT
       | 2, physics.
       | 
       | The math part, I took AP calc, and it was advanced enough,
       | especially the part B to challenge me. But this was clearly an
       | elective that only about 30 students took it, while back home it
       | was a requirement for all.
       | 
       | Unfortunately, the current movement on dumbing down math and
       | science in the name of 'equity' is a step behind and very
       | dispiriting. It is bound to hurt poorer but smart kids, that
       | can't afford private tutoring and have to rely only on public
       | schools. Extreme progressive Liberals are killing science and
       | progress in this country, and are becoming actually regressive
       | and backwards.
       | 
       | P.s. The only advantage of American teaching on science was that
       | it relies more on experiments to teach concepts, while the
       | Albanian one had no equipment, or lacked the basics of it. Heck,
       | in the 90s we didn't even have glass on the windows and had to
       | freeze all winter. Also basic electricity was lacking half of the
       | winter.
       | 
       | Ps2. Most Americans have it good (condition wise), they just
       | don't know it
       | 
       | Ps3. This is a good video how schooling was back then (in 88).
       | Notice how the kids are wearing jackets inside, as there was no
       | heating https://youtu.be/yZD1jaKbz2g?t=251
        
         | rrss wrote:
         | Out of curiosity, do you recall which ap physics course you
         | took?
        
           | ardit33 wrote:
           | I don't remember exactly, but it was the most advanced they
           | offered. This was in Virginia, in 98-99. My teacher (Mr.
           | Norris) was excellent, but it was clear that the overall
           | course was something that I had done years before back in
           | Albania. Since I knew a lot of things already, I was probably
           | a bit annoying at class (having always the response), but I
           | made some good friends in that class.
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | This is interesting. I studied physics at Harvard with many
             | of the best of the best, there were a few from Romania.
             | 
             | I would be surprised if those people could be solving AP
             | Physics C problems by 8th grade. 1 & 2, easily of course,
             | but C is quite different.
             | 
             | If you found calculus BC hard-ish and physics easy in
             | comparison, I think you were taking 1 & 2 as C was much
             | harder. SAT II physics is a joke.
             | 
             | Virginia probably has some of the best STEM education in
             | the entire country, at least the northern bit. Certainly
             | better than what you can get at most schools outside of
             | some in California, the boarding schools, and NYC magnets.
        
           | seer wrote:
           | Not op, but I remember what got me into sciences was the
           | "kids soviet encyclopedia". Specifically the physics section.
           | 
           | We had "big soviet encyclopedia" and "kid" one on our
           | bookshelf (A point of pride for my grandparents). Nobody told
           | me that by "kids" the authors meant "teens", so around 13yo I
           | devoured those books whole.
           | 
           | Taught me structure of the atom, chemistry and lots of
           | fascinating physical phenomena. And made most of the physics
           | material easy to grasp up till last HS grade.
           | 
           | It had little maths, concentrating more on the understanding
           | rather than the rigorous descriptions, which made the maths
           | to describe them quite obvious, when I had to learn them in
           | school.
           | 
           | Not sure if the current state of wikipedia is better or worse
           | for that purpose- it was much better structured and paced for
           | sure.
        
         | lucas_codes wrote:
         | Why is dumbing down science teaching the fault of extreme
         | progressive left and not, say, reduced education funding,
         | favouring religious teaching, or even more likely, nuanced
         | policy difficulties that don't fit nicely into a left/right
         | divide?
        
           | credit_guy wrote:
           | Take New York City (which I'm familiar with, but it's likely
           | the story is similar in many other places):
           | 
           | - each public school has the same budget per student. There
           | is no "reduced education funding" for schools in district X
           | vs district Y, or for any school, because the budget per
           | student is equal. Each school's budget is public, and
           | published on the web.
           | 
           | - favoring religious teaching: at least at the school my kids
           | go to there's absolutely no religious teaching. I suspect
           | this is the case for all the public schools in NYC
           | 
           | - nuanced policy difficulties? Not sure what you mean by this
           | 
           | Ok, now to answer your original question: why the fault of
           | progressive left. As you see I skipped the word "extreme", as
           | this is a loaded word; people who vote that way certainly do
           | not perceive themselves as extreme.
           | 
           | At the recent mayoral primaries, the top candidates were the
           | moderates Eric Adams and Kathryn Garcia (1st and 2nd place),
           | and the progressive Maya Wiley (3rd place). As far as the
           | education was concerned, the hot topic was the selective
           | "specialized high schools" [1], where the admission is test-
           | based, according to a state law passed about 50 years ago.
           | The current mayor (Bill de Blasio, progressive) has worked
           | tirelessly for the last 4 years or so to lobby the State
           | legislature to get the law repealed. The progressive
           | candidate, Maya Wiley, promised to work towards the same
           | goal. Here's the relevant extract from her platform [2]
           | 
           | >> To remove barriers that separate and label children, we
           | will: [...] Eliminate discriminatory admissions "screens."
           | 
           | In other words, kill the specialized high schools program.
           | 
           | Eric Adams (the winner, moderate) promised to keep the
           | program as it currently is.
           | 
           | In case you wonder what the admission entrance exam is like,
           | it's just two separate tests, one for ELA and one for math.
           | Both tests are fairly challenging. The progressives think
           | that these tests (and especially the math one) are
           | discriminatory in nature.
           | 
           | Here's a sample math question [3, p.78] "In Centerville, 45%
           | of the population is female, and 60% of the population
           | commutes to work daily. Of the total Centerville population,
           | 21% are females who commute to work daily. What percentage of
           | the total Centerville population are males who do not commute
           | to work daily?"
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specialized_high_schools_in
           | _Ne...
           | 
           | [2] https://www.mayawileyformayor.com/maya-wileys-plan-for-
           | creat...
           | 
           | [3] https://cdn-blob-prd.azureedge.net/prd-pws/docs/default-
           | sour...
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | It's funny how they lead with the useless info in that
             | question.
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | > Here's a sample math question ...
             | 
             | This is supposed to be a "challenging" problem? It seems
             | quite obvious to me: we simply cannot answer the question
             | as given, because we aren't told how many in the
             | Centerville population are classed as 'both male and
             | female', or 'neither male nor female'.
        
               | credit_guy wrote:
               | Hahahaha. Thanks for the lough.
        
             | lucas_codes wrote:
             | Thank you for such a detailed comment. Maybe then I'm just
             | missing the American context. Having lived in the UK and
             | Australia (which have their own lion's share of education
             | issues), to me it's obvious that students struggling should
             | get support, and students who excel should be able to go
             | further, and I don't think anyone imagines a system where
             | everyone is always in one classroom with 100% the same
             | learning.
             | 
             | I'm very against the idea that struggling students should
             | just be "sacrificed" for the advanced student, however,
             | which some of the other comments seem to be implying.
        
           | inglor_cz wrote:
           | "reduced education funding"
           | 
           | But _Albania_ can finance rigorous teaching of science ... ?
           | 
           | USA spends a lot more money per pupil than any former Eastern
           | Bloc nation. But you can spend a lot of money on inefficient
           | solutions.
           | 
           | For a less politically charged example: compare expenses of
           | the Falcon rocket family to those of the Space Launch System.
        
             | disk0 wrote:
             | > But Albania can finance rigorous teaching of science
             | 
             | > USA spends a lot more money per pupil than any former
             | Eastern Bloc nation. But you can spend a lot of money on
             | inefficient solutions.
             | 
             | You're not wrong. Financialization of education continuing
             | down from secondar to primary education, commodification of
             | students--I think those are a bit better descriptions of
             | the issue beyond "funding cuts" personally. Its incredibly
             | easy to make things inefficient (or efficient at something
             | else [0]) when quality/efficiency slowly fades from the
             | conciousness of those in charge.
             | 
             | I'd say the more important thing is that there are large
             | failures here, they were building before "Extreme
             | progressive Liberals" (which depending on how I read that I
             | can agree with, from the left even). Saying this as someone
             | who was a STEM kid in high school, took AP Calc at 15, etc.
             | --I'm more mixed on the more static curriculum as described
             | earlier, its not as important here tho
             | 
             | [0] Like cranking out Amazon employees
             | 
             | <https://www.jacobinmag.com/2021/07/amazon-warehouse-
             | communit...>
             | 
             | """
             | 
             |  _Writer Erika Hayasaki visited Cajon High. Here's what she
             | found:_
             | 
             |  _A dozen students sat clustered at work tables inside an
             | air-conditioned classroom, which was designed to emulate
             | the inside of an Amazon facility. On one wall, Amazon's
             | giant logo grinned across a yellow and green banner. The
             | words "CUSTOMER OBSESSION" and "DELIVER RESULTS" were
             | painted against a corporate-style yellow backdrop. On a
             | whiteboard, a teacher had written the words "Logistics
             | Final Project," and the lesson of the day was on Amazon's
             | "14 Leadership Principles." Each teenager wore a company
             | golf shirt emblazoned with the Amazon logo._
             | 
             |  _..._
             | 
             |  _A public high-school classroom designed to resemble an
             | Amazon facility, with students wearing Amazon logos on
             | their clothing as they memorize Amazon's leadership
             | principles (which, it is worth noting, also include
             | "Ownership" and "Think Big," injunctions that hold merit
             | for readers of this magazine when imagining how we might
             | solve the problems exemplified by Amazon). Such a
             | relationship between the company and public goods like a
             | high school is part of what it means to consider Amazon as
             | "the major working-class space of suburban and exurban
             | socialization."_
             | 
             | """
        
             | vanviegen wrote:
             | Teaching might be (or might have been) a prestigious and
             | relatively well-paying job in Albania. I wouldn't know -
             | would you?
        
               | seer wrote:
               | Don't know about Albania, but in Bulgaria the teachers
               | had very low pay, (so were / are nurses btw). I think the
               | difference was that they were very respected.
               | 
               | When I managed to attend teacher parent meetings I could
               | see the deference people had for their children's
               | teachers. And children also deeply respected them for the
               | most part.
               | 
               | The scenes from the beginning of Breaking Bad for example
               | are rather alien to me - I can understand them, but I've
               | never encountered such things when I was a kid.
        
               | Natsu wrote:
               | ardit33 would know and having said "A doctor and a nurse
               | probably lived in the same apartment, and had similar
               | wages." I question both the idea that teachers were
               | highly paid and that there was much status to be had in
               | general in Albania.
        
           | arthur_sav wrote:
           | I don't think there's a single country that spends more on
           | education than the US and yet here we are.
           | 
           | IMO the prosperity of the US has made people entitled and
           | it's easier to complain than to put in the work.
        
           | colechristensen wrote:
           | Here you go: https://www.noodle.com/articles/let-s-get-rid-
           | of-special-edu...
           | 
           | Inclusive classrooms raise scores of the lower performing
           | students. That's probably true.
           | 
           | It glosses over what it does to people on the other end of
           | the spectrum.
           | 
           | As someone _from_ the other end of the spectrum, growing up
           | never having to put any effort, having few or no peers close
           | to my level, and being constantly encouraged by the people
           | around me to do poorly for curves etc... I can say I
           | developed life long development /psychological problems as a
           | result, and the idea that I or anyone in the future like me
           | should be slowed down so everyone is more equal is deeply
           | offensive.
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | The evidence does not suggest measurable harm for those on
             | the other side of the spectrum from inclusive classrooms.
             | Maybe there is some harm, but if so we haven't been able to
             | devise a test or experiment that can find it.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | I'm downvoted, but you can go look at the literature.
               | Jump discontinuity studies for placement, testing
               | comparison, etc. - none of them show the effect that most
               | people on HN want them to show.
        
             | ZeroGravitas wrote:
             | Why isn't it deeply offensive for you to want to slow them
             | down if the reverse is true?
        
               | vkazanov wrote:
               | What's more important: make everybody average? or make it
               | possible for some people to reach outstanding levels?
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | Because in kindergarten I was regularly asked to go hang
               | out by myself as literally every other student in the
               | room learned to read. When they gave me the tests they
               | use to measure themselves I got 99th percentile scores so
               | literally neglecting me got them the metric as doing
               | anything for me.
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | Yeah, I get the general idea. I, like most HN readers
               | likely were, was in a similar situation.
               | 
               | And as a certified smart guy I now ask myself and others
               | questions like: Why is it deeply offensive to hold you
               | back when you are literally suggesting to hold them back
               | instead?
        
             | vkazanov wrote:
             | I agree.
             | 
             | I started in an average class in my year. Don't remember
             | doing anything extra at home, or much at all, but still had
             | an equivalent of all A's. At some point my parents realised
             | something was wrong and moved me to the strongest class...
             | Only then I started doing something. This is when I
             | realised that some kids were already impossibly far ahead
             | (we had world-level olympiad goers there).
             | 
             | Can't say I become world-class at anything but this helped
             | to concentrate and _work_ through the rest of school and
             | uni without any problems.
        
             | nofinator wrote:
             | I am sorry you had that experience. Mine was similar
             | (around 1990s).
             | 
             | But these days, integrated classrooms (as mentioned in your
             | article) tend to be staffed with two teachers: one with a
             | general education background and one with special
             | education. They work as a team and can provide
             | differentiated learning paths. The lower teacher/student
             | ratio can help both the gen ed and special ed students.
        
           | nostromo wrote:
           | In some places in the US it may be a funding issue, but in
           | most places it's not.
           | 
           | Take Baltimore for example. The public schools are very well-
           | funded by any standard. And yet they have several high
           | schools that didn't produce a single student proficient in
           | math.
           | 
           | https://www.k12dive.com/news/several-baltimore-schools-
           | repor...
        
         | parsecs wrote:
         | Also out of curiosity, from where do you draw the connection
         | that the lackluster schooling is caused by "extreme progressive
         | liberals"? Maybe I'm just not well versed enough in politics
         | but it appears to jump straight to that conclusion following
         | your personal experience.
        
           | ardit33 wrote:
           | Recent trend to dumb down math and calling 'racist'.
           | Unfortunately it will be immigrants (like I was), that will
           | suffer the most. Most immigrants are poor, and don't have the
           | connections and money to go to private tutoring route and
           | rely heavily on public education.
           | 
           | Virginia moving to eliminate all accelerated math courses
           | before 11th grade as part of equity-focused plan
           | https://forums.somd.com/threads/virginia-dumbing-down-
           | educat...
           | 
           | Educational malpractice in the name of 'equity' By Post
           | Editorial BoardApril 30, 2021 | 6:14pm | Updated
           | 
           | https://nypost.com/2021/04/30/educational-malpractice-in-
           | the...
        
             | markus_zhang wrote:
             | At least you can homeschool your kids. It takes a lot of
             | effort but I don't think money is a big issue here unless
             | of course you are struggling with basic income then it's
             | best to focus on income first.
        
             | tester34 wrote:
             | > Unfortunately it will be immigrants (like I was), that
             | will suffer the most.
             | 
             | How?
             | 
             | You have advantage of being aware
        
         | bnjms wrote:
         | Can you share what did you do with the students that could not
         | do algebra physics and chemistry in junior high?
         | 
         | I've always thought yours was the right way. There are some
         | students which will do the minimal but will manage if
         | challenged. Seems the equitable way leaves them behind.
        
           | ardit33 wrote:
           | Since it was a communist country, everyone had the same
           | conditions (crappy), and everyone had the same fricking
           | clothes (only two clothing factories on the whole country),
           | and same teachers (and no private schooling allowed), and we
           | had the same books, and no calculators.
           | 
           | And it is clear, if all conditions are equal, still people
           | are not born equal. Some kids are just smarter than others,
           | and some are just dummies, or don't care about school. Since
           | everyone was the same ethnicity, you can't blame 'systematic
           | x'. It was all equal. A doctor and a nurse probably lived in
           | the same apartment, and had similar wages. (think Cuba, or
           | North Korea today. Albania was like the North Korea of
           | Europe).
           | 
           | Grades/marks were 2 - 10, 2-4 was failing, 5 was passing, 10
           | was excellent (and hard to get).
           | 
           | Grades were given in the basis of
           | 
           | 1. homework,
           | 
           | 2. blackboard interrogation (you had to solve and explain
           | everything in front of the class, similar to a whiteboard
           | coding interview),
           | 
           | 3. Exams, flash quizzes or pre-announced.
           | 
           | You had three types of students:
           | 
           | 1. Great students, and are aiming for the 10s (and usually
           | get a 9 or a 10).
           | 
           | 2. People that struggle to do the basic, and just want to
           | pass the class and are aiming for a 5 or a 6.
           | 
           | 3. Everybody else that got a 7-8.
           | 
           | Every exam or homework, was done with this in mind. You
           | usually had 3 type of questions:
           | 
           | 1. Super basic, <- If you were in class, you could do it
           | 
           | 2. Medium, <- Some thinking is required
           | 
           | 3. Advanced <- Usually only the really good students got
           | these
           | 
           | The teachers knew, that some students would struggle, and
           | they will let them pass if they just did the basic effort. If
           | a student failed even that, they would have to go to 'summer
           | class' and take additional classes and exams to pass. If you
           | failed a class, you failed the whole year and had to repeat
           | every other class as well.
           | 
           | Also, the school over time divided the students by grades.
           | Each cohort-year, might have 4-5 classes (of 30 students).
           | Your class was the people that you studied with, and did
           | everything. The top students usually were placed together,
           | and spread in the class A, and B. The rest were put on the
           | other classes.
           | 
           | So, the top classes had only excellent students, or average
           | students, but not of the failing one. The idea was that
           | failing students will just drag down all the top students and
           | not let them excel. A top student can make an average student
           | better, but there was little chance to do anything with a
           | failing one. If you were initially a failing student but
           | started doing better, you could move up to the better
           | classes. This is similar to the soccer relegation techniques
           | of most soccer leagues in Europe. But: Every class, had the
           | same subjects, and the same load. Even the failing students
           | had to do pre-calc. But the teachers would just be much more
           | lenient on them. Eg. do the very basic, and they will let you
           | pass. But if you wanted a good grade, 8 or higher, you had to
           | work your butt off.
           | 
           | This is totally politically incorrect in today's environment,
           | but even communist Albania knew better. Some people are just
           | not smart at all, and it is better to let them just do the
           | bare minimum and pass, meanwhile let the smarter kids do more
           | advanced work.
        
             | a-saleh wrote:
             | T.b.h. as somebody from ost-block country, I did hate the
             | cast-system based on the performance. In my school we had a
             | class that selected for the worst students, and surprise,
             | it created a class where so many people failed.
             | 
             | I was in class that had an even mix, some really smart
             | kids, some not so much, and some comparable to the worst of
             | the D-class. Like third of the of my classmates went for
             | the sports-focused high-school, because they were decent at
             | basketball and bad at almost everything else. But nobody
             | was failing.
             | 
             | Like, A-class should have been the top students, B and C
             | middling, and D poor. In reality, A was ordinary, B and C
             | contained the best and the average and D was a failure.
        
               | BeFlatXIII wrote:
               | How did the A class become ordinary while B&C had a
               | mixture of top and average? Was it that the ordinarily
               | smart students were motivated by the sorting exams than
               | the top smartest students?
        
               | akomtu wrote:
               | Eh, I remember I was put in a D class. Math classes there
               | were like "today we are going to study addition, who
               | wants to ask this student to add two numbers?" so I
               | volunteered and asked the guy to add 5 to 7 - I
               | understood that the class somehow struggled with two
               | digit numbers and wanted to see this in action. The
               | teacher, though, realized what my plan was and said we
               | can't do this level of complexity right now. That day I
               | learnt something important though: that the crowd follows
               | "the rules" without questioning them and that being a
               | smartass isn't rewarded. We were 6-7 year olds then.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | > Since everyone was the same ethnicity, you can't blame
             | 'systematic x'. It was all equal.
             | 
             | This is certainly an advantage that Albania had over
             | Alabama. There are still people alive who remember the
             | school system having to be desegregated under armed guard.
             | The struggle continues:
             | https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-
             | mix/wp/2018/08/1...
        
               | ardit33 wrote:
               | yeah, but you are missing the point completely. I gave
               | you a real life example: Even if everyone is equal, and
               | has the same conditions, some people are just born
               | smarter than others, and will put more effort and do
               | better.
               | 
               | Equality of conditions is a good thing to ask for,
               | equality of outcome is stupid, as even in a murderous
               | communist regime, was impossible to achieve as it goes
               | against basic human nature.
               | 
               | That's why event though I am liberal/democrat, I don't
               | like the today's 'progressives', as they seem completely
               | ignorant of human nature, and have no knowledge of the
               | history of countries that went through
               | socialism/communism, and yet want to repeat the same
               | destructive mistakes by trying to achieve 'equality of
               | outcome', which is impossible.
        
               | lordnacho wrote:
               | It seems unlikely that there's just a smart/dumb setting
               | inside of each kid.
               | 
               | Material conditions being equal don't mean that
               | everything is equal. Some people have parents who value
               | certain things and push their kids. Other people have
               | some anxieties to get over before they can perform. Some
               | people like being ahead of the class and put in effort to
               | stay there.
        
               | robbiep wrote:
               | Is your argument that everyone has the same capability?
        
               | exporectomy wrote:
               | But mainly, some kids are born smarter and some "dumber"
               | and there's nothing you can do to change the dumb ones to
               | smart.
        
               | lordnacho wrote:
               | It's a deep conversation but I reckon it's more like
               | weightlifting.
               | 
               | Some people are naturally stronger and some are weaker.
               | But if you train, you will be stronger than you were,
               | regardless.
               | 
               | You might not become world champion with weak genes, but
               | you'll be stronger than everyone who doesn't train.
        
               | FredPret wrote:
               | > It seems unlikely that there's just a smart/dumb
               | setting inside of each kid.
               | 
               | DNA
        
             | gnat wrote:
             | Do you have data or anecdata on the effect of repeating an
             | entire year? In many modern Western schools that'd be
             | frowned upon as punitive and as likely to provoke a "well
             | screw YOU!" response or ingrain "I must really be stupid"
             | mindset.
        
               | extropy wrote:
               | As a parent (in Switzerland of all places) I actually
               | consider this a very good option for kids struggling. And
               | took the opportunity for one of our kids and it worked
               | out great.
               | 
               | Edit: Switzerland has a different approach where children
               | are segregated by their ability starting from 7th school
               | year. So you go to Gymnasium, A level, B level, C level.
        
               | noisy_boy wrote:
               | I skipped a class (went from 3rd standard to 5th) because
               | I could clear the entrance exam during changing schools
               | (I also topped the exam, mainly because my tutor made me
               | work hard). In college I failed a paper because I was
               | lazy and didn't work hard. The first incident made me
               | happy but didn't make me think that I was very smart and
               | the latter didn't make me think I was dumb. I knew the
               | reasons exactly. We under-estimate how much we know
               | ourselves.
        
               | ardit33 wrote:
               | You have to fail two classes in order to repeat the whole
               | year. If you fail only one, you'd still could pass (but
               | had to go to additional schooling). But if you had failed
               | two, then there was something wrong going on with with
               | the whole year, and it had repeated.
               | 
               | Usually it was kids that had some discipline problems.
               | Perhaps ADHD, etc... but at the time, no-one cared about
               | those aspects as school psychologist were not a thing at
               | all.
               | 
               | If you failed more than one year in a row, then the
               | teachers will just give up on you and let you just slide
               | the next year as long as you just showed up.
        
               | nlclimber wrote:
               | In the Netherlands, repeating a year is common. I
               | estimate about a quarter of kids in my year had to repeat
               | a year. If it happened twice, you had to leave school and
               | go to a less exacting school.
        
               | a-saleh wrote:
               | I have seen less than 0.1% in my school fail like this.
               | But yeah, it was punitive and usually did provoke a "well
               | screw YOU!" response or ingrain "I must really be stupid"
               | mindset.
        
               | saberdancer wrote:
               | My father repeated a year, bounced back from it and
               | became a teacher later in life.
               | 
               | But usually it did not happen that often. When it did
               | happen, it usually meant someone will change schools to a
               | less demanding one (if in high school). So for example
               | you may leave a gymnasium and go to a school for
               | mechanics.
               | 
               | In elementary school it did not happen except for serious
               | disciplinary problems. People with mental problems were
               | able to have special programmes that tailored to their
               | needs, so this did not result in repeating a year.
               | 
               | Teachers did not really like the idea of having someone
               | repeat a year, so if you had a decent attitude you could
               | get a passing grade but you had to put in the effort.
               | This "effort" part is what is in my opinion biggest
               | different, Eastern Europe schooling required you to put
               | in a lot of work, if you were talented you didn't need to
               | use so much time, but if you weren't natural at math, you
               | had to put in plenty of hours to get decent grades.
               | Problems usually were not of the sort that can't be
               | learned through "brute force".
               | 
               | I've done some teaching on the side and when I was
               | teaching a guy in a "US" school for children of
               | diplomats, difference was that their problems were
               | usually much more freeform and required deeper
               | understanding but once understood, used primitive math or
               | physics methods. Our normal schooling was different, it
               | used advanced math or physics but the problems were often
               | times many variants of the same problem (which allowed
               | for brute force learning). Honestly I think that it would
               | be the best to have both, as many of my fellow students
               | did not really understand the material we studied but
               | they could brute force it.
        
               | WesolyKubeczek wrote:
               | In the ex-Soviet country I am from repeating a year was a
               | shame and admission of idiocy.
        
               | nicolas_t wrote:
               | Anecdotal but both my parents repeated a year (that was
               | in the sixties in France), they went on to become a
               | teacher teaching primary school teachers how to educate
               | children for one and a headmistress at a relatively large
               | primary school for the other.
               | 
               | Both of them looking back thought that repeating a year
               | was a good thing for them, they went from being
               | struggling average/below average students to top of their
               | class and regained their confidence.
               | 
               | I think it really depends, in a place and time where
               | repeating classes is more common, it maybe doesn't really
               | destroy confidence as much whereas in areas where it's
               | rare, then the psychological impact is much worse.
               | 
               | Also, one thing to note, both of them, in their
               | experience with education, saw much better results when
               | children were separated by level than when classes were
               | mixed together for exactly the reason the OP mentioned. A
               | top student can help bring an average student up but when
               | there are both top students and very below average
               | students, the teacher has to make the choice to either
               | focus on the below average student or the top students
               | and neither of those choices are good.
               | 
               | In France, we've had a push toward lowering the overall
               | level and removing any elitism at schools. This has
               | increased the amount of kids who graduate from high
               | school with the Baccalaureat which is needed for
               | university but has lowered the level of kids actually
               | going to university (especially at engineering schools
               | and elite institutions) and reduced the value of a
               | university degree. It's a bit similar to what's happening
               | in the US in STEM and I think it's a bad calculation for
               | the long term competitiveness of the country.
        
               | WastingMyTime89 wrote:
               | > but has lowered the level of kids actually going to
               | university (especially at engineering schools and elite
               | institutions)
               | 
               | Come on, of course it hasn't. Entry requierements haven't
               | changed.
               | 
               | The highschools providing the largest contingents of
               | students to these elite institutions respect neither the
               | national curriculum nor the ban of sorting students by
               | ability without any consequences. Unsurprisingly the two
               | most famous of these highschools are also exempt from the
               | French purely geographical students draft and the places
               | most politician children attend. As usual in France, the
               | rule for all is not the rule for the elite.
               | 
               | In effect, the dumbing down of the national curriculum
               | has just made a system which was already one of the most
               | unequal in Europe even more unequal. But everything is
               | fine. The French system only uses entrance exams and
               | entrance exams are always fair, aren't they?
        
         | s5300 wrote:
         | >Extreme progressive Liberals are killing science and progress
         | in this country,
         | 
         | There is _literally_ a major political party in the US that
         | parrots science to be fake  & that religion/faith in god is all
         | that matters. Also, that "progress" (in a
         | technological/scientific sense) is a _bad_ thing
         | 
         | Last I checked, it was _not_ the progressives that identify
         | with this line of thinking.
         | 
         | Come on.
        
           | iammisc wrote:
           | The mainstream republican party does not say any of those
           | things. You are taking fringe positions and making them
           | emblematic of the party.
           | 
           | On the other hand, the democratic party openly and literally
           | claims there is no distinction between male and female.
           | 
           | There are dumb policy positions all over the board. No one
           | denies science as a whole. Everyone picks and chooses.
           | 
           | Consider my state of Oregon... they're literally removing the
           | ability to do math and read as graduation requirements and
           | the GOP minority is left asking 'why'? How can you honestly
           | make the claim the democratic party is uniquely the party of
           | science
        
           | WesolyKubeczek wrote:
           | How about they both are idiots?
        
           | lqet wrote:
           | Extreme political views tend to produce similar results,
           | regardless of their justification.
        
         | moonchrome wrote:
         | >The Albanian school was brutal in teaching science. Biology
         | started at 5th grade, pre-Algebra at 5, and full blown Algebra
         | at 6, physics at 6, and Chemistry at 7. Then in highschool you
         | did the same, but more advanced. There was no choice at all,
         | you had to do them all. The only choice in HS was a second
         | foreign language. The whole idea was that you have to know all
         | the basics of ALL sciences, so in college you know what to
         | choose and pursue. If you never tried, you will have no clue if
         | you liked something or not. (also basic music knowledge, sheet
         | reading, and arts was a requirement as well).
         | 
         | I've went through similar curriculum in Croatia and I hated it
         | - the literature they forced on us was politically correct
         | bullshit some figurehead decided should be common culture. As a
         | result 30% of the class read it and the rest just cheated and
         | studied for test.
         | 
         | It was like this in every class - I hated cheating and studying
         | for the test - I was lazy and it was pointless - as a result I
         | got barely passing grades based on slightly paying attention in
         | class. But in casual conversation I could relate way more of
         | the basics than my peers. And I lost interest in many subjects
         | simply because of how they were taught (study random facts
         | because it will be on the test - no context or application). I
         | had to relearn algebra after highschool because of how badly it
         | was taught - and I was interested in it since I was trying to
         | learn 3d programming and I was going to math competitions in
         | elementary school - teachers couldn't relate any questions I
         | asked to stuff I was interested in.
         | 
         | I hope my kid gets way less material to study and more
         | opportunity to figure out what he wants to learn.
        
         | rejectedandsad wrote:
         | > It is bound to hurt poorer but smart kids, that can't afford
         | private tutoring and have to rely only on public schools
         | 
         | Why should I care about them? The internet exists. Let them
         | learn on their own if they're so interested. Why am I being
         | forced to subsidize people that will just grow to resent me as
         | a leech on society due to my "inferior mathematical ability" as
         | you surely do?
         | 
         | Poverty is a far bigger problem than some Virginia schools not
         | teaching Geometry in 8th grade (for the record - I took Algebra
         | in 8th grade and most people in my tiny high school took it in
         | 9th).
        
           | bruce343434 wrote:
           | Imagine not wanting to live in a country of smarter people in
           | the future just because it costs more taxes now
        
           | bllguo wrote:
           | > Why should I care about them?
           | 
           | We should obviously care about improving education, for the
           | good of society as a whole, for innovation, for pushing the
           | economy forward, etc. It's dumbfounding that this would even
           | be asked, I'm not sure anyone outside of America (i.e. no
           | pervasive anti-intellectual culture) could conceive of a
           | question like this
           | 
           | > Why am I being forced to subsidize people that will just
           | grow to resent me as a leech on society due to my "inferior
           | mathematical ability" as you surely do?
           | 
           | Why is American society so centered around appearances and
           | perceived judgment? You'd rather damn an entire state to
           | stagnation than risk being looked down upon by some
           | hypothetical elitist? And math is only one of many, many
           | subjects.. I firmly believe everyone is good at something.
           | 
           | > Poverty is a far bigger problem than some Virginia schools
           | not teaching Geometry in 8th grade
           | 
           | And how is terrible education supposed to help with poverty?
           | Education is a great way, arguably the primary way, that
           | people lift themselves up.
        
             | rejectedandsad wrote:
             | Because taking geometry in 8th vs 9th vs 10th grade doesn't
             | really matter.
             | 
             | And given we are otherwise doing just fine, I think
             | stagnation is far more likely to come from somewhere else.
        
               | akho wrote:
               | I'm sorry, could you give some context to non-Americans?
               | What does "taking geometry" mean? My school had geometry
               | as a subject in grades 7-11 (with 11 being the final
               | year), were you expected to pack it all in one? How does
               | that work?
        
               | kingaillas wrote:
               | I'd interpret the phrase "taking geometry" in this
               | context to refer to the quality and depth of math
               | education available, and to a lesser degree how wealthy
               | the school district is.
               | 
               | Given typical HS math curriculum (algebra/geometry up to
               | calculus) being able to offer geometry early gives enough
               | time to offer calculus; otherwise a school could teach it
               | late and it won't matter because math education stops
               | early anyway.
               | 
               | Also connotes to a degree college-track vs non college-
               | track students, again due to the highest math a HS
               | offers. It is extremely desirable to take calculus in HS
               | to prepare for college, but if most students don't go to
               | college, no need to take/offer calculus, no need to start
               | the math sequence early, etc.
               | 
               | I went to HS in the US and I remember a split in the math
               | curriculum starting in 10th grade (I didn't go to my HS
               | in 9th grade so I can't say). The vast majority of kids
               | planning on college took a combined algebra
               | 2/trigonometry class in 10th grade; the other kids took
               | either algebra 1, geometry, or algebra 2 (without the
               | trig) depending on previous courses.
               | 
               | So the comment "taking geometry in 8th vs 9th vs 10th
               | grade" would mean something like comparing schools for
               | numbers of college-track students and funding (8th grade
               | great - implies a HS with a large body of students going
               | to college, well funded in order to offer variety of
               | classes; 10th grade not good - implies a HS with a small
               | body of students going to college; not well funded, math
               | stops before calculus, etc.)
        
             | rejectedandsad wrote:
             | > You'd rather damn an entire state to stagnation than risk
             | being looked down upon by some hypothetical elitist?
             | 
             | Also, for the record - it's not hypothetical, you're
             | literally an example of this hypothetical elitist as an Ivy
             | grad (top schools only exist in order to enforce
             | segregation against lesser people like me). I'm sure you
             | took calculus in 8th grade while I took it in senior year
             | but I'm not subhuman because of it.
        
           | FFUUCCKK wrote:
           | * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *           *
           | *         * /     \             \            /    \       *
           | *|       |             \          |      |      *         *|
           | `.             |         |       :     *         *`        |
           | |        \|       |     *         * \       | /       /  \\\
           | ____ \\       :    *         *  \      \/   ___~~
           | ~____| \     |    *         *   \      \__~
           | ~__\    |    *         *    \_     \        _.______
           | .______\|   |    *         *      \     \______// _ ___ _
           | (_(__>  \   |    *         *       \   .  C ___)  ______
           | (_(____>  |  /    *         *       /\ |   C ____)/      \
           | (_____>  |_/     *         *      / /\|   C_____)       |
           | (___>   /  \    *         *     |   (   _C_____)\______/  //
           | _/ /     \   *         *     |    \  |__   \\_________// (__/
           | |  *         *    | \    \____)   `____  ___'             |
           | *         *    |  \_          ___\       /_          _/ | *
           | *   |              /    |     |  \            | *         *
           | |             |    /       \  \           | *         *   |
           | / /    |         |  \           |*         *   |         / /
           | \__/\___/    |          |*         *  |           /        |
           | |       |         |*         *  |          |         |    |
           | |         |*         * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
           | * * * * *
        
           | google234123 wrote:
           | Very funny, no one will resent you as a "leech on society due
           | to" your "inferior mathematical ability." However, if you
           | actually choose to literally leech on society (e.g. choose to
           | be unemployed and uneducated) then people will. Anyway,
           | education exists to educate. If you care about social
           | welfare, talk to the social welfare programs.
        
             | rejectedandsad wrote:
             | They absolutely do - they most likely consider people like
             | me to be subhuman entities. It's not like I have the mental
             | ability to get into the fancy schools or fancy companies
             | they got into.
        
               | credit_guy wrote:
               | Hold on a second. I want my kids to be good at math. I
               | pay taxes too. Why do you think you are subsidizing me,
               | or my kids?
        
         | leto_ii wrote:
         | My experience in my home country of Romania was similar to
         | yours, however my conclusions couldn't be more different.
         | 
         | > American schools are too soft on science in general. [...]The
         | Albanian school was brutal in teaching science
         | 
         | How on earth is brutality in teaching a good idea? What was the
         | effect of this approach on the average Albanian or Romanian
         | student? Sure it worked fine for a few of us, but overall the
         | results are disastrous, just take a look at the PISA rankings.
         | 
         | Have you ever wondered how it's possible that the same "stupid"
         | Americans that don't learn integrals and group theory in
         | highschool somehow manage just fine in university and later on
         | in life?
        
           | markus_zhang wrote:
           | I don't think it's really "brutal" but "challenging". So if
           | the kid has no interest in Math he/she would regard that as
           | brutal and for others who do have interest it's just
           | challenging and maybe even fun. Just like people who like to
           | crack Leetcode problems, those are challenging and fun.
        
             | leto_ii wrote:
             | > I don't think it's really "brutal" but "challenging".
             | 
             | Brutal was the term used by the parent, I just picked it up
             | from there.
             | 
             | > if the kid has no interest in Math he/she would regard
             | that as brutal and for others who do have interest it's
             | just challenging and maybe even fun
             | 
             | Throughout my education I was in both camps at different
             | times. The more "brutal" things got (dry, formal
             | curriculum, tough teachers) the more it put me off. On the
             | other hand patient and engaging teachers could get me to
             | spend countless hours after school working on math
             | problems.
             | 
             | Interests are things that develop based on intrinsic
             | attributes but also based on environmental feedback. I
             | suspect the latter is fast more important.
        
           | petre wrote:
           | > Have you ever wondered how it's possible that the same
           | "stupid" Americans that don't learn integrals and group
           | theory in highschool somehow manage just fine in university
           | and later on in life?
           | 
           | Most people will do just fine with basic math training
           | because it's what you normally need later on in life.
           | 
           | Most of my math training in the Eastern European school
           | system has probably gone to waste. I only saw the point of
           | advanced maths, calculus later on in technial university when
           | I had to apply it in science. During my engineering career I
           | only used the math I learned up to maybe ninth or tenth
           | grade. No calculus. For materials science we also had to use
           | maths up to tenth grade because of non linear properties of
           | materials. However, calculus and advanced math was required
           | to understand the physical phenomena. What went away was
           | solving tricky integrals and series for which you had to
           | think of an obscure substitution - the type of grinding math
           | excercises we had to solve in high school. Last month I had
           | to solve some RSA and ECC cryptography problems at work that
           | could not be easily solved with existing crypto libraries.
           | For example RSA signing checks were reimplemented using a big
           | numbers library. That also did not require advanced maths,
           | but rather a lot of grinding research done by reading crypto
           | standards and technical guides.
        
             | leto_ii wrote:
             | My point was that a lot of advanced math can be taught
             | later on. If it's forced down people's throats without them
             | understanding why things are the way they are, all you're
             | gonna get is ignorance and resentment.
             | 
             | In Romania I attended one of the "elite" maths/cs
             | highschools. Except a hand full of people who would win
             | medals in the imo etc. the rest of us were mostly clever,
             | overworked automatons who learned problem solving tricks
             | that we regurgitated on the page come exam time.
        
             | seer wrote:
             | I think its not that it has to, its just more challenging
             | and rewarding. I've read a lot about bulling and social
             | problems in USA schools, but so almost none of that myself
             | i Eastern Europe.
             | 
             | I think the subjects where so hard that it forced kids to
             | cooperate, smart kids where considered a resource that
             | potential bullies didn't like to harm, as they would help
             | them in the future. Additionally there was this sense of
             | ... maybe "esprit de corps" as we all were going through
             | the same tough training.
             | 
             | I think that those hard problems were actually very
             | rewarding and I saw very little of the "teenage problems"
             | that are so prominently displayed in American media.
        
               | leto_ii wrote:
               | > I've read a lot about bulling and social problems in
               | USA schools, but so almost none of that myself i Eastern
               | Europe.
               | 
               | There was some bullying back when I was in school, but
               | possibly less than in the US. However, I think this
               | doesn't have much to do with the curriculum, but with
               | social conditions.
               | 
               | In my case I was bullied in secondary school (by kids in
               | my class) even though school was tough and I was easily
               | part of what you would consider "valuable resources".
               | 
               | The result was that the bullies would copy their homework
               | off of the kids that copied their homework from me and I
               | still got into fights daily.
               | 
               | In highschool bullying disappeared completely, but that's
               | because I went to a selective school (the equivalent of a
               | US magnet hs) where everybody was academically oriented
               | and also came from more stable social environments.
               | 
               | In less academically strong highschools there are a lot
               | of nasty things taking place - students abusing
               | eachother, teachers abusing students, students beating up
               | teachers etc.
        
               | petre wrote:
               | > bulling and social problems in USA schools, but so
               | almost none of that myself i Eastern Europe
               | 
               | This has changed for the worse with capitalism and social
               | inequality. We had some bullying back when I was a
               | primary school student but it was physical bullying by
               | higher graders towards younger students and it was mostly
               | done outside the school. We had none of the psychological
               | bullying that you see in the US and to a greater extent
               | in Korea or Japan. We had roma and very poor students in
               | our class. There was also almost no bullying during high
               | school. The more _odd_ kids were usually ignored and had
               | friends of their own.
               | 
               | > I think that those hard problems were actually very
               | rewarding
               | 
               | Well, maybe rewarding for some. I didn't like them and
               | would rather go outside and play or ride my bike in the
               | neighbourhood. Math for math's sake was never my thing. I
               | only started to really like math in university when I saw
               | its potential to solve real world problems.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | Bullying is very hammed up in American media, but I think
               | in reality very non obvious to people who weren't the
               | target.
               | 
               | I went to American public schools my whole life and never
               | saw any evidence of bullying.
        
               | leto_ii wrote:
               | > This has changed for the worse with capitalism and
               | social inequality.
               | 
               | An interesting perspective which I feel might be the
               | actual core of the problem. I grew up after the
               | Revolution, so I can't make a before/after comparison,
               | but (as I mentioned in a different comment) I see a tight
               | connection between how aggressive other students were and
               | how bad their family situation was.
               | 
               | > Math for math's sake was never my thing. I only started
               | to really like math in university when I saw its
               | potential to solve real world problems.
               | 
               | Perfectly legitimate. Pushing hard math early on can
               | actually put you off the subject forever. Some of us
               | started liking it in university, but a lot of capable
               | students decide it's just not for them. With a different
               | approach many might have ended up understanding and maybe
               | even loving it.
        
           | inter_netuser wrote:
           | PISA ranking? China and Singapore are at the very top. If you
           | think what's described is brutality, you should watch tiger
           | moms push their children.
           | 
           | I've also went through what could be considered a "brutal"
           | system, very similar to whats described, although i wouldn't
           | use that specific term.
           | 
           | We had ~40 problem sets to solve every evening for homework,
           | hours of work. I don't think anyone ever got an A+ in
           | anything. If the student was better/stronger at something -
           | they'd only get harder and harder questions thrown at them
           | during oral exams until they crumble, and harder and harder
           | sets added to their homework.
           | 
           | As for the "stupid" Americans? STEM classes are full of
           | foreign kids in top US schools.
        
             | leto_ii wrote:
             | > China and Singapore are at the very top. If you think
             | what's described is brutality, you should watch tiger moms
             | push their children.
             | 
             | There are a bunch of different approaches that can lead to
             | top scores in that ranking. notably Finland does well with
             | a non-brutal approach.
             | 
             | > a "brutal" system, very similar to whats described,
             | although i wouldn't use that specific term.
             | 
             | the term was used by the parent, not by me. We just
             | happened to assess its value differently.
             | 
             | > they'd only get harder and harder questions thrown at
             | them during oral exams until they crumble, and harder and
             | harder sets added to their homework.
             | 
             | It depends on what you think the purpose of school should
             | be. If you want people to understand the world they live
             | in, understand the "why" of things, think critically and
             | creatively etc. then problem sets and ritualistic
             | humiliation during oral exams won't take you very far.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | lordnacho wrote:
           | > Have you ever wondered how it's possible that the same
           | "stupid" Americans that don't learn integrals and group
           | theory in highschool somehow manage just fine in university
           | and later on in life?
           | 
           | They do just fine because they aren't selected to do jobs
           | where they need those kinds of skills, because they tend not
           | to have them.
           | 
           | If they were taught the stuff at least they would have the
           | choice.
           | 
           | I'm not in favour of brutalizing the kids though, I think
           | that ruins the experience for them. But a lot of kids are
           | more capable than we think and ought to be shown advanced
           | subjects.
        
             | inter_netuser wrote:
             | I don't think it brutalizes anyone. Capable kids must be
             | challenged, or they get bored. Kids that coulndt keep up
             | went to a different track.
             | 
             | at the very minimum, pressure during oral exams taught to
             | work against the clock, develop conviction and do your best
             | to defend your position.
        
               | leto_ii wrote:
               | > pressure during oral exams taught to work against the
               | clock, develop conviction and do your best to defend your
               | position.
               | 
               | In some students. In others it just engendered the
               | feeling that they're morons and that math is just "not
               | for them". Math and science are for absolutely everybody.
               | Not everybody will make a career out of them, but
               | everybody can enjoy them.
        
       | andagainagain wrote:
       | "Russian Math" seems to just be "More Math".
       | 
       | The basic education concepts at ploy here are well known, just
       | not widely deployed.
       | 
       | Why? IMO it's because of what I think is the sole problem with
       | american education - parents themselves not caring if their kids
       | actually know anything. It's actually common, extremely common,
       | for american parents to think that the point of education is to
       | get a piece of paper (degree) or to get a job. And a large number
       | of the parents that think the point is actually knowing things
       | also put no pressure on the school systems to actually provide
       | that.
        
         | only_as_i_fall wrote:
         | Is there evidence that knowing how to do math is actually
         | beneficial to most people?
         | 
         | I think it's easy to criticize when ignoring the possibility
         | that much of what is taught in American schools is actually
         | just useless and very little of it is retained after schooling
         | ends.
        
           | andagainagain wrote:
           | What I said applies to all topics. Including ones that you
           | personally value.
           | 
           | As for whether math is useful or not... I'll just say I
           | REALLY wish more of my coworkers knew their math. I work in a
           | factory, and it's useful WAY more often than you may think.
        
       | farmerstan wrote:
       | This is the video by the daughter of the founder of the Russian
       | School of Math. We sent our son there over the summer, he enjoyed
       | it and all the kids were pretty advanced in the class. California
       | seems to want to hold everyone back in the name of equity. But
       | that will force more people into the private school system, which
       | is exactly what we did. I don't trust the California government
       | to have my children's best interest at heart, I think they want
       | to hamstring them in the name of equity.
       | 
       | https://www.ted.com/talks/masha_gershman_how_math_can_prepar...
        
         | markus_zhang wrote:
         | Essentially large part of education falls onto the shoulder of
         | parents, which is natural. I'm even preparing to sharpen up my
         | Math/Physics/Electronics skills for the future. Time to re-
         | learn those things that I mostly forgot!
        
           | damagednoob wrote:
           | > Essentially large part of education falls onto the shoulder
           | of parents, which is natural.
           | 
           | Have to disagree. A parent can't be simultaneously up to
           | speed on Math, English, a 2nd language, Biology, Science,
           | History or any of the other subjects that a child will learn
           | in school
           | 
           | School is meant to teach, parents are meant to socialise.
           | Unfortunately that seems to have been swapped around
           | somewhere along the line.
        
             | MattGaiser wrote:
             | You need to be up on them to the level of a grade school
             | student. That isn't a high level.
        
               | handrous wrote:
               | They typical standard for a teacher to be certified in a
               | subject at a given grade level, in the US, is to be
               | proficient at least _one level higher_ than that grade
               | level. That ensures you _really_ know the level you 're
               | teaching very well, and also have a good understanding of
               | where things are going, so you can offer enrichment to
               | students who need it, and explain motivation behind or
               | direction of certain topics, when asked.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | pbhjpbhj wrote:
             | In the UK, by law (Education Act), parents are responsible
             | for educating their children - this has slipped
             | considerably, I wish it were still a central ideal : under
             | such a regime schools _should_ be a service that parents
             | can use to educate their children. I 'd like to, for
             | example, use school for some things, other groups for
             | others, and home schooling for other things (essentially
             | Flexischooling). This is in theory an option in the UK, but
             | it's left to individual headteachers to dictate their
             | ideals to parents (regardless of the Edu.Act) so you have
             | to be lucky to get a headteacher who supports your chosen
             | pedagogy.
        
             | iammisc wrote:
             | They absolutely can. Most adults should be able to
             | immediately recall the learnings from elementary to high
             | school. This is not rocket science or highly specialized
             | knowledge.
             | 
             | The fact that an arbitrary american adult educated in this
             | country cannot easily differentiate and name some works of
             | shakespeare and provide some quotes, etc, should be o
             | source of national shame.
        
               | damagednoob wrote:
               | You're assuming your child will take the same subjects
               | that you did. How do you recall a subject you've never
               | taken?
        
             | markus_zhang wrote:
             | I mean it's impossible to master everything but to find
             | something that motivates the kid and keep him focused is
             | largely parent's work. It's really difficult to ask too
             | much from the public education system nowadays :(
        
         | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
         | Oregon governor Kate Brown has signed a law that allows
         | students to graduate without proving they can read, write or do
         | math. The law had overwhelming Democrat support & is justified
         | on the basis that it will benefit non-white students.
         | 
         | https://thepostmillennial.com/oregon-governor-signs-new-law-...
        
           | nickloewen wrote:
           | The Post Millennial story on this is quite light on details.
           | 
           | Here's another article with more:
           | https://katu.com/news/local/oregon-legislature-passes-
           | bill-t...
           | 
           | And here's the text of the bill (PDF): https://olis.oregonleg
           | islature.gov/liz/2021R1/Downloads/Meas...
           | 
           | And here's the Department of Education's page on the
           | Essential Skills Graduation Requirement:
           | https://www.oregon.gov/ode/educator-
           | resources/essentialskill...
           | 
           | Key points from my quick read:
           | 
           | This is about suspending mandatory testing prior to
           | graduation. They did that last year due to virtual learning,
           | and are extending the suspension longer while things get back
           | to normal, and while they assess whether the approach to
           | testing they have is suitable (and in line with what other
           | states are doing). It is not (yet) gone forever, just for a
           | couple years. And you still have to pass courses in all of
           | those subject orders in order to graduate.
        
             | iammisc wrote:
             | How is your interpretation any better than the
             | editorialized 'brown drops education requirements'. The
             | pandemic is no excuse to lower standards. It short changes
             | these kids. If anything, public schooling should be
             | extended as an option for those above 18 to freely learn
             | what they missed. This is an immense loss for these
             | children. The last two years of High school are extremelyy
             | important.
        
           | ymolodtsov wrote:
           | Not sure how exactly the lack of these skills could benefit
           | anyone.
           | 
           | I understand that the lack of a school diploma is a huge drag
           | in life and that can primarily affect people from
           | disadvantaged backgrounds, but shouldn't they focus on
           | improving the way they teach kids instead?
        
             | markus_zhang wrote:
             | As Sir Humphrey said, education policies are not for
             | children and parents, but for teachers.
        
             | snicker7 wrote:
             | > Not sure how exactly the lack of these skills could
             | benefit anyone.
             | 
             | Lower the standards across all levels -- high school
             | graduation, college admissions, job placements. Eventually
             | we end up with surgeons and lawyers that are illiterate.
             | But at least it is equitable!
        
             | JohnWhigham wrote:
             | That would require skilled politicians that knew what they
             | were doing.
        
           | jjgreen wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Post_Millennial
        
             | kwere wrote:
             | this is an ad hominem argument
        
               | jjgreen wrote:
               | It is not an argument, it is a link to a Wikipedia page.
        
               | fsn4dN69ey wrote:
               | Why did you post it?
        
               | voldacar wrote:
               | the genetic fallacy actually, to be pedantic
        
       | iammisc wrote:
       | Meanwhile, Oregon has dropped its requirement that high school
       | graduates be able to do arithmetic, read, or write.
       | 
       | It's a race to mediocrity in the United States
        
       | aaronleather wrote:
       | May be due to Russian Technoloy advancement American people are
       | very much interested in it. I have to search about this as well.
        
       | graycat wrote:
       | Yes, in math, in the US, maybe anywhere in the world, there is
       | the good and the bad in programs, teachers, books, exercises,
       | etc. So, let's see how to get around the bad:
       | 
       | I liked math, a lot. The SAT Math test said I had a lot of talent
       | in math. I concentrated on math in US grades 9-12, college, and
       | graduate school, did some math research, that later I published,
       | got a Ph.D. in pure/applied math, and am now using some advanced
       | and some original math as advantages in my startup.
       | 
       | So, I struggled through the good and bad but eventually decided
       | that there were a lot of good math books; it was not very
       | difficult to identify the relatively good authors and books; and
       | the keys to learning math well were a stack of blank paper on a
       | clipboard, a sharp pencil, a big, soft eraser, one or a few good
       | math books in the subject being studied, a lot of good exercises,
       | a comfortable chair, a good light, and a quiet room. That's how I
       | learned nearly all the math I did learn; still if I want to learn
       | some math, that is what I use.
       | 
       | This technique of a _quiet room_ worked for me many times, but
       | once was a nice surprise: The college I went to for my freshman
       | year was selected because I could walk to it and it was cheap.
       | The most advanced math course they would let me in was beneath
       | what I 'd already done in high school -- the high school was
       | relatively good (MIT came recruiting; 97% of the students went on
       | to college; one year three students went to Princeton). In my
       | class, in 1-2-3 on the SAT Math, I was #2 and #3 went to MIT. So,
       | I didn't want to fall behind in math so got their calculus book
       | and started studying in a _quiet room_. This effort worried Mom
       | who would find excuses for me to get up and do something else,
       | but I still did well. For my second year of college, I went to a
       | college with an unusually good math department and started on
       | their second year of calculus using the same text Harvard was
       | using. To let me start on that second year, a prof gave me a
       | little impromptu freshman calculus oral exam. So, with the _quiet
       | room_ technique, I never took freshman calculus -- later taught
       | it, applied it, etc. but never took a course in it!
       | 
       | In math written as theorems and proofs, for a big source of good
       | exercises, guess the next theorem. Check your guess. Given the
       | theorem, close the book and prove the theorem. Doing this let me
       | get the solution to a somewhat challenging Ph.D. qualifying exam
       | question -- I did the best in the class on the qualifying exam.
       | This approach to _exercises_ is good, but it is too difficult,
       | that is, too slow, to use for all the math need to learn.
       | 
       | Beyond that _quiet room_ approach to learning, I found that to do
       | well in graduate school, e.g., get respect from the professors,
       | the key was, as soon as possible, do some publishable research.
       | E.g., maybe have been pushed into an advanced course. Okay: Find
       | some places the course and /or texts are not very clear, good,
       | precise, complete, whatever, pick one of those, do some research
       | to improve the situation, and publish the research. Remember: For
       | good results, good initial problem selection can help a lot.
       | 
       | For _calculus_ , yes, work through a good text and then, for a
       | nice advantage, learn measure theory then, in particular, learn
       | probability based on measure theory. Then in, e.g., statistics,
       | you will have a gun while nearly everyone else has at most a
       | knife.
       | 
       | But just calculus from a respected text can be powerful stuff.
       | E.g., at
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZ8G4VKoSpQ
       | 
       | can see Einstein's special relativity done, apparently fully
       | correctly, and where the only math used is ordinary calculus.
       | Some 12 year old students can learn calculus plenty well enough
       | for a lot in applications, including more advanced math.
       | 
       | Here is a special strategy that can work in the US: In US
       | research universities, the math departments typically are in the
       | school of Arts and Sciences. But such universities commonly also
       | have engineering schools! Some of the people who give the big
       | money like engineering more than arts and sciences! And there is
       | the outside world! So, from contact with the outside world, maybe
       | a job, full or part time, pick a problem where a good solution
       | looks promising for some old/new math. Solve the problem, and
       | publish it in a journal with a title like _Journal of Theory and
       | Applications in ...._ Some journals also like to promise
       | candidate readers that they publish not just theory but actual
       | applications!
       | 
       | So, the usual criteria for publication are that the material be
       | new, correct, and significant. Well, easily enough the solution
       | to the new real problem can be new. Since the solution is mostly
       | math, can pass _correct_. Get _significant_ from the real problem
       | being significant. If the math saves $10 million a month in jet
       | fuel cost for an airline, call that _significant_!
       | 
       | For the remark, essentially, need to think before writing, I go
       | along with that for research and challenging exercises.
       | 
       | Note: For challenging exercises, I found that some good research
       | is no more difficult than some such exercises -- the exercises
       | are good preparation for research, etc.
       | 
       | Generally in applying some math, will likely find some places
       | where the old math needs some improvement, at least for the
       | application; so, make some such improvements, and get the
       | _significance_ from that of the problem. That is, for picking a
       | research problem, the Riemann hypothesis is not the only option!
       | 
       | For an example, I picked a problem with the Kuhn-Tucker
       | conditions and found a solution and published it. Later I found
       | that the famous paper in mathematical economics by Arrow,
       | Hurwicz, and Uzawa encountered a similar problem and had no
       | solution. My work also solves their problem. I found this
       | research problem just from some careful, quite careful, study of
       | the Kuhn-Tucker conditions.
       | 
       | So that is a way around the bad in programs, teachers, books,
       | exercises, etc.
        
       | madengr wrote:
       | Now in the USA, the accelerated math classes in high school are
       | banned, because they are racist.
        
       | maga wrote:
       | I went through the Soviet/Russian school system with all the
       | advanced topics being covered in high school as others described
       | here. My moment of zen was on my third year in one of the top
       | tech universities in Moscow. There were quite a few students
       | coming from Novosibirsk University who were comfortably ahead of
       | the curve when it came to math. When they showed their transcript
       | ("zachetka"), they had ~3000 hours of Calculus in the first few
       | years against our ~120... As they described it, each day after
       | the usual roster of lectures and seminars, they would spend 4
       | hours in class in the evening solving math problems with a
       | teacher. While we might have spent a few hours doing homework
       | every now and then, it was nowhere near this. Not to mention
       | doing it in class with a teacher who would likely also give them
       | more challenging problems and valuable feedback. The sheer amount
       | of time and mental effort was staggering.
        
         | omginternets wrote:
         | My wife went through the French "classe preparatoire" system
         | and describes a similar degree of raw effort that was put into
         | her studies (and in particular, mathematics). She talks about
         | spending 10-12 hours a day either in class or studying at home,
         | and I have to admit the amount of knowledge in that woman's
         | head is absolutely astounding. Her education is elite in the
         | same way that a sports team or military unit can be elite.
         | 
         | There are obviously issues with pushing young adults this hard,
         | but my overall feeling is that American schools need more of
         | this.
        
           | tamcap wrote:
           | As an immigrant in the US from Central Europe, I am blown
           | away by how much time American children spend on
           | extracurriculars vs academics (at least based on what I see
           | around me). My extracurriculars in high school were maaaybe 5
           | hours a week. Some kids in the US spend 5 hours a day, every
           | day. And don't get me started on varsity sports - that starts
           | to resemble a job!
        
             | omginternets wrote:
             | In hindsight, after spending nearly a decade in France
             | (initially for graduate school), it seems very strange to
             | me as well.
             | 
             | I've come away from this with the impression that American
             | schools are the best-funded in the world, and survive by
             | importing the best-educated from elsewhere. This is
             | obviously a bit of a caricature, but I think it's mostly
             | correct.
        
               | BitwiseFool wrote:
               | Extracurricular activities are a way for US students to
               | stand out in terms of college admissions. When I was in
               | high school our college advisors told us that
               | Universities look to fill niches in each class year. Good
               | students are relatively interchangeable, but if the
               | University wants a Lacrosse team, an Equestrian team,
               | some Oboe players, and stagehands for its drama
               | department it will look for applicants that have those
               | backgrounds already. So, if you happen to have decent
               | grades but a background in some niche thing, you are much
               | more likely to be selected. So in that sense, going from
               | a B+ to an A- in terms of overall GPA isn't going to help
               | as much as having some in-demand skill.
        
               | omginternets wrote:
               | >Extracurricular activities are a way for US students to
               | stand out in terms of college admissions.
               | 
               | You are of course correct, but I think the parent comment
               | is implying that this is a rather unfortunate situation.
               | I agree with him to a large extent.
               | 
               | My experience with the French system has left me with the
               | sense that American schooling has to some extent cheated
               | me out of an education. On the other hand, I look at my
               | wife (and other "prepa" students as well) and conclude
               | that they suffer from a certain lack of imagination and
               | intrinsic motivation, both of which have personally
               | benefitted me greatly, and which I attribute to something
               | in American culture.
               | 
               | As my wife puts it (I'm paraphrasing, obviously): "We
               | were never asked what we enjoyed doing; if you were a
               | good student, you were put on the good-student-track,
               | which was a math/science-heavy curriculum. To this day, I
               | don't really know what I _want_ to do; I just know what I
               | _can_ do, and I feel an obligation to excel at it. "
               | She's an absolute brute at math, but she doesn't _like_
               | it, and I think she would have been much happier studying
               | something like literature.
               | 
               | So my feeling on the matter the French educational system
               | is one of ambivalence, overall. Nevertheless, I am
               | convinced the US has strayed much too far in the other
               | direction.
        
             | Spooky23 wrote:
             | My 10-year old nephew plays on 6 different baseball teams.
             | He literally plays more baseball games than my uncle did
             | when he was a AA player :)
        
           | maga wrote:
           | A bit tangential here, but our calculus/math analysis
           | professor actually told us that the Russian and later Soviet
           | math school drew a lot from the French, although, he might
           | have been biased due to his apparent partiality towards
           | Bourbaki. According to him, the university level math was
           | taught exclusively in French during the Tsarist times, and
           | they had some troubles coming up with Russian terminology
           | when Soviets ordered all teaching to be done in Russian.
        
             | skeletal88 wrote:
             | The language of the tsarist elite was french. They even
             | didn't need to know russian, except for speaking to their
             | servants
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | ip26 wrote:
         | I can't help but wonder what value students see for studying
         | calculus 8 hours a day every day for more than a year.
         | 
         | Maybe I'm actually just subconsciously jealous, but unless you
         | major in math, what do you even do with that? Not to mention
         | there's little time left to study anything else.
        
         | ptero wrote:
         | My personal experience is that it wasn't just hours. Those who
         | liked math spent a lot of time on it after classes. Those who
         | didn't, avoided extras and still did OK (they would not go to
         | top universities, but the base would be OK, with some practice,
         | if they decide to go to a mid-level school).
         | 
         | The biggest difference for me in school was a consistent, well
         | thought out program (one for the whole country) and books. A
         | topic would be studied once, well, and there would be enough
         | time to master the material. Consistency across subjects, too
         | -- if physics covered a topic in, say, the second half of the
         | grade 7, the math needed would be covered in the math classes
         | before then.
         | 
         | What I now see in the US is horrible: teachers at grade N do
         | not know for sure what the students already know, so they
         | repeat a lot of the background, then jump around to cover a lot
         | of material, much of which is never mastered. Which is
         | considered OK -- it will likely be repeated in the same
         | haphazard fashion next year. Or not, depending on what the next
         | teacher decides.
        
           | thechao wrote:
           | You're describing an idea adjacent to "mastery" schooling;
           | it's the natural method people tend to use when self-taught;
           | it's also how some online schools, like Khan Academy, use to
           | teach. Both of my kids earn "allowance" (extra screen time;
           | robux; etc.) by doing Khan Academy courses. Watching how
           | unevenly they pick up topics -- there's no rhyme-or-reason to
           | the speed they pick up even "close" skills -- makes me think
           | there's malice aforethought in the steady pace learning I had
           | as a child.
        
             | foobarian wrote:
             | > Both of my kids earn "allowance" (extra screen time;
             | robux; etc.) by doing Khan Academy courses
             | 
             | Highlighting this because I love the idea and can't wait to
             | try it out :-)
        
             | jrumbut wrote:
             | The only thing mastery schooling taught me was empathy for
             | people whose learning style doesn't fit the style used in a
             | classroom.
             | 
             | It's hard to understand the the connections between and
             | motivations for concepts when you are learning everything
             | about a topic before moving on. I prefer the style
             | described above, of learning the basics then moving on and
             | circling back when more advanced aspects are needed.
             | 
             | Clearly different styles work better for different people.
        
           | omginternets wrote:
           | >teachers at grade N do not know for sure what the students
           | already know, so they repeat a lot of the background, then
           | jump around to cover a lot of material, much of which is
           | never mastered.
           | 
           | I spent my freshman year of high school in France, and went
           | to a French school (this is 3eme, for my fellow Frenchmen).
           | 
           | I recall being stunned -- in the best way possible -- when
           | our biology teacher started his class on the first day with:
           | "So. You've seen X last year. Now we're going to talk about
           | related-thing-Y".
           | 
           | That had never happened in my US curriculum. Never.
        
           | maga wrote:
           | That is indeed terrifying.
           | 
           | Not to take away from the importance of a well-thought-out
           | program, learning materials, or competent teachers, I was
           | drawing attention to the immense time and effort that some
           | students would invest often with an institutionalized help.
           | 
           | In our case, the programs were standardized, the textbooks
           | were virtually the same throughout the union. Barred special
           | schools and eccentric teachers, all kids were studying the
           | same things at the same time. What differentiated the
           | bespoken Siberians from us was that order of magnitude
           | difference in the time put in. It challenged my sense of
           | normalcy in many ways: people being this good at math without
           | being apparent geniuses, universities teaching math extra 4
           | hours a day, realization that there is enough undergrad
           | calculus to last 3K hours.
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | wanderingmind wrote:
       | Can someone take the time to list the English translated Russian
       | books that kids especially in elementary and middle school can
       | use.
        
       | w4rh4wk5 wrote:
       | Does anyone know where to find translated Russian math textbooks?
        
         | kristjank wrote:
         | Probably best to start with the Bronshtein - Semendyayev:
         | Handbook of Mathematics. It's still widely used in a lot of
         | slavic speaking countries. Google it, there's a pdf available.
        
         | wyclif wrote:
         | You can find some on Amazon.
         | 
         | Gelfand's Algebra: https://www.amazon.com/Algebra-Israel-M-
         | Gelfand/dp/081763677...
         | 
         | Gelfand's Geometry: https://www.amazon.com/Geometry-Israel-M-
         | Gelfand/dp/10716029...
         | 
         | Gelfand's Trigonometry: https://www.amazon.com/Trigonometry-
         | Gelfand-Mathematical-Sem...
        
         | pb060 wrote:
         | Kolmogorov - Fomin: Introductory Real Analysis. Not for school
         | kids though.
        
       | btbuildem wrote:
       | I'll echo many of the other comments here -- seems like the
       | Eastern Bloc's math education really out-shone the West's.
       | 
       | I came to Canada mid-way through high school, and breezed through
       | with little to no effort until my 2nd year of university.
       | 
       | I remember math class in elementary school, how everything was
       | explained, and if you were clever enough you could see where the
       | teacher was going with the rest of the story, because everything
       | inherently made sense.
       | 
       | This type of learning instilled in me a deep comfort with math -
       | knowing that you can always break down a problem into a set of
       | familiar problems, that proofs are kind of like nested Russian
       | dolls, and that you can synthesize a solution out of first
       | principles if you're persistent enough.
        
       | nostrademons wrote:
       | My college had a decent-sized contingent of Bulgarian & Romanian
       | international students. The difference in their math abilities
       | upon entry was striking. While most of my American-born
       | classmates struggled in discrete math, linear algebra, and vector
       | calc, my Bulgarian friend was like "I learned this when I was 9."
       | They were frequently tapped as TAs by the professors, because
       | they _understood_ the material on a level that Americans didn 't.
        
         | petargyurov wrote:
         | I am Bulgarian. I moved to the UK when I was 12. I had to join
         | primary school halfway through Year 6 (the last year of primary
         | school).
         | 
         | The level of mathematics shocked me. They were still learning
         | factorisation, something I had learned years ago. It was a
         | breeze.
         | 
         | Of course, in secondary school (ages 12-18) the content
         | eventually caught up with me. Part of me wishes I could have
         | somehow kept studying the Bulgarian way.
         | 
         | What is surprising even still is that school in Bulgaria was
         | from 07:00 to 13:00. In the UK it's 07:00 to 15:00. You had
         | more time to do homework in Bulgaria and more time to be a
         | child.
        
           | laputan_machine wrote:
           | UK maths teaching is fairly terrible. Not only do they start
           | later, it's almost never taught meaningfully, instead relying
           | on memorising rote formulae. I grew up hating maths, it
           | wasn't until YouTube came along and the sheer amount of
           | _good_ maths content on there that I started to 'get' the
           | bits I just never understood as a teenager. Most of my
           | friends will still say things like 'I just don't get algebra
           | / I don't do maths', and I put this down to how it is taught,
           | which isn't very well.
        
             | kwhitefoot wrote:
             | Has it changed since the 1960s? Maths where I grew
             | (Swindon, Wilts., ) up was pretty good and from first form
             | (age 11, 1966) on used the SMP course where there really
             | wasn't any memorization of rote formulae:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_Mathematics_Project
        
             | rcxdude wrote:
             | The main issue is the curriculum and exams emphasize this
             | kind of rote learning (across the board, not just in maths:
             | one stupid reason for this is many of the markers for the
             | exams don't actually have any qualifications in the subject
             | they're marking and need to be able to just pattern-match
             | off a mark sheet). And because teachers and schools are
             | judged so heavily on exam results, they are not just
             | incentivised but basically forced to 'teach the test' as
             | opposed to trying to get the students to actually learn
             | anything, even when they are otherwise motivated and
             | capable of doing so.
             | 
             | I went to a quite high-performing school, and it wasn't
             | unusual to have a year be 60% 'getting through the
             | curriculum', 20% 'teaching interesting things about the
             | subject', 20% 'exam prep', and that 20% in the middle only
             | existed because of the extreme priviledge of both students
             | and teachers good enough to keep up with that pace and a
             | level of enthusiasm for the subject which allowed for
             | teaching stuff 'not on the test'.
        
               | confidantlake wrote:
               | Ah that is lame that you had to go through that. I
               | remember in my calc class the teacher said we would spend
               | no time learning for the government standardized test. If
               | you can't already pass it you have no business being in
               | the class.
        
               | BeFlatXIII wrote:
               | That was the side benefits of the advanced track of
               | courses in my high school: the teachers openly mocked the
               | test prep requirements.
        
             | lordnacho wrote:
             | What are the relevant channels? My kid is very interested
             | in it but the 3B1B type stuff is a bit too far ahead. He
             | wants to learn algebra next.
        
               | beojan wrote:
               | Try the Murderous Maths books.
        
               | laputan_machine wrote:
               | Mostly it came from Khan Academy,
               | https://www.youtube.com/c/khanacademy/playlists
        
               | dubya wrote:
               | Not sure about youtube, but for the right age kid, maybe
               | late-elementary to early high school, there's a weekly
               | "Joyful math jamboree" online. The web page for it is not
               | updated very often, but the registration form still
               | works.
               | 
               | There's also the Julia Robinson Math Festival that's
               | supposed to be good but I don't have first-hand
               | experience.
               | 
               | Ideally, a Math Circle would could be good for some kids
               | if your area supports one.
        
           | zeku wrote:
           | I graduated high school in the USA in the past decade. I was
           | never taught Calculus. I wasn't even very good at algebra.
           | 
           | Eventually I went on to get a math minor in college to go
           | with my computer science degree, but I didn't even learn the
           | first thing about Calculus until I was 21.
           | 
           | Math and Science education in the USA is really really
           | abyssal until college, and then it's sink or swim.
        
           | lordnacho wrote:
           | > In the UK it's 07:00 to 15:00
           | 
           | All the schools I know of here in the London area start
           | around 0830 to 0900. Some operate a club for busy parents to
           | drop off their kids early but classes don't start until the
           | rest of the kids show up.
        
             | petargyurov wrote:
             | I couldn't actually remember what time we started in the UK
             | (it was either 7 or 8) so I gave it the benefit of the
             | doubt. It was probably closer to 8.
        
         | toomanybeersies wrote:
         | I'd be wary of forming an opinion on foreign education systems
         | from international students, as they're generally of more
         | privileged extraction compared to the unwashed masses who can't
         | afford to study overseas.
        
           | r7fufhrjrududu wrote:
           | I think this would be a more credible concern if American
           | teachers were equally empowered to their counterparts. To a
           | large extent what you see out of 'foreign' students is a
           | product of teacher's having adequate power to manage their
           | classrooms while teaching students to standards. Meanwhile in
           | America teacher's are shackled by their things like No Child
           | Left Behind and a union that tolerates faculty getting
           | physically assaulted. You don't see these things being
           | corrected because standards and discipline have been branded
           | as racist.
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | The classes where teachers are getting physically assaulted
             | are not the same classrooms raising future IMO gold
             | medalists. Nor are they one repeal of No Child Left behind
             | from becoming so.
        
               | r7fufhrjrududu wrote:
               | The classrooms where teachers are getting assaulted can't
               | raise gold medalists because the teachers can't create an
               | environment condusive to any real amount of learning.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | The problems start much earlier (in early childhood).
               | 
               | I say that as someone who has experienced both sorts of
               | classrooms in my lifetime, which I think is a rarer
               | experience.
        
           | spoonjim wrote:
           | Not just privileged extraction, but likely high IQ. The
           | Russian brain teasers are to get smart students excelling.
           | The American system is set up to get the weak student
           | stumbling to the finish line. The American school system
           | isn't designed to produce high achievers which is why the
           | high achievers are produced by the parents and not by the
           | schools.
        
             | confidantlake wrote:
             | Absolutely this. My father was an immigrant from an eastern
             | block country. Just a regular family, his father was a
             | salesman, his mother a secretary. Father was valedictorian
             | of his high school, speaks 6 languages, ect. Scraped
             | together enough money to study at a British grad school,
             | finished in 1 year as valedictorian. Then he immigrated to
             | America. So someone looking at his math achievements might
             | think wow, they really teach those soviet immigrants math
             | well! But it was more like the best of the best immigrate
             | while someone more average like me would be stuck in the
             | old country.
        
             | bodge5000 wrote:
             | I think its the same case for much of the west. Here in the
             | UK, I remember maths being not the greatest but certainly
             | every kid got through with a passable level of competance.
             | 
             | Unless you have a very high budget, which usually only
             | private (or public as they're called in the uk, but they're
             | the same thing) schools have, you can't have it both ways
             | where both the weakest students pass and the strongest
             | students excel.
        
             | adventured wrote:
             | What you're describing isn't the US system of education.
             | 
             | The US system is as bifurcated as the various European
             | nations mentioned in this thread. The elite families in the
             | US do not send their kids to the same (frequently)
             | underperforming schools as the middle class or poor, just
             | as those types of families don't do that in Russia or
             | Romania.
             | 
             | > The American school system isn't designed to produce high
             | achievers
             | 
             | Which system are you talking about? There is no unified
             | American school system. Nothing remotely close to that
             | concept exists in the US. It's not possible to generalize
             | so broadly. There are many different education systems in
             | the US, varying based on where you live (varying
             | dramatically from one state or city to the next even) and
             | or what your economic capabilities are. Your description,
             | if we were to attempt to utilize it, applies primarily to
             | bottom 1/2 to 2/3 of society, not the top 1/3.
             | 
             | An obvious example would be elite private schools in and
             | around Washington DC. The Washington DC region
             | simultaneously has many of the richest zip codes in the US,
             | and vast tracts of poverty and many horrible public
             | schools. Washington DC, broadly, presents one of the
             | starker examples of the US bifurcation in nearly all things
             | socioeconomic.
        
               | handrous wrote:
               | > The US system is as bifurcated as the various European
               | nations mentioned in this thread. The elite families in
               | the US do not send their kids to the same (frequently)
               | underperforming schools as the middle class or poor, just
               | as those types of families don't do that in Russia or
               | Romania.
               | 
               | To illustrate the point: the only Presidential candidate
               | from one of the two major parties, since and including
               | the 2000 election, _not_ to have attended a private prep
               | school, was Hillary Clinton.
        
               | foobarian wrote:
               | Any idea how to figure out which camp a particular school
               | is? There are wealthy zip codes with excellent public
               | schools, but there are also crappy private schools so the
               | public/private distinction is not always telling. Scores
               | also don't work because they test dumb rote learning and
               | have become gamed. I would love to find a school where
               | teachers are the kind who know math/other subject
               | "intuition" behind the knowledge like they had in some
               | Soviet schools.
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | Absolutely this. People seem to ignore selection effects when
           | taking with immigrants from other countries, especially
           | students. These people typically come from the richest/most
           | connected families in their home country*
           | 
           | *If they don't come from the Americas
        
             | nostrademons wrote:
             | Normally I'd be very wary of this, but I went to the #1
             | liberal arts college in the U.S. My American-born
             | classmates included people like John Glenn's grandson, the
             | heir to the Mead trapper-keeper company, the son of the guy
             | who founded Kohl's department stores, the nephew of the
             | famous Hollywood madame, etc. With the exception of the
             | Mead guy, most of these people were functionally innumerate
             | and never took a math course in college.
             | 
             | So I might be comparing the best & brightest of Bulgaria,
             | but in theory at least I'm comparing them against the best
             | & brightest of America (though in practice I suspect it's
             | more like the richest).
        
             | petre wrote:
             | It depends. Some of these people (their parents) left their
             | home country because of economic reasons. This is the
             | primary reason for immigration from Eastern Europe to the
             | EU and the UK. If you're in the US, yes, the visa selection
             | program requirements make your average immigrant come from
             | richer or more connected families. For instance quite a
             | number of people left my country to the US using
             | connections in neo protestant church communities - that's
             | what I've meant by _connected_.
        
               | pmoriarty wrote:
               | _> > people typically come from the richest/most
               | connected families in their home country_
               | 
               |  _> It depends. Some of these people (their parents) left
               | their home country because of economic reasons._
               | 
               | Another common reason for leaving is discrimination.
               | Those people who leave because of discrimination are very
               | rarely well connected or wealthy, or they usually
               | wouldn't have to leave.
               | 
               | Then there are the outright asylum seekers and
               | undocumented immigrants, who are also usually very poor
               | and lack connections.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | It seems like everyone replying has ignored my caveats.
               | 
               | Most international students are not there because of
               | discrimination they faced. Most people who are seeking
               | asylum or undocumented in the US are from the Americas.
               | 
               | For international students not from the Americas, most
               | are wealthy or well connected by the standards of their
               | home country, although often not by American standards.
               | It's not uncommon to hear about the banker who became a
               | taxi driver in the US, but what you hear less of is the
               | farmer's kid - because they never even get a chance to
               | come.
        
               | petre wrote:
               | I think you are generalising and exagerating a bit. As it
               | happens, I had a colleague and an acquaitance who both
               | worked as a taxi drivers in Chicago and knew each other.
               | They weren't bankers, nor farmers' kids. Their parents
               | were middle class teachers and accountants. Reality is
               | more boring and mundane than you might imagine.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | What country?
               | 
               | Even many of those who left for economic reasons come
               | from richer families that are leaving because of new
               | policies that are less friendly to the wealthy or
               | previously privileged classes. See, for instance, white
               | emigration from South Africa or Zimbabwe to the United
               | States.
               | 
               | Also, to be clear, this is specifically an American
               | perspective and even more specifically, about
               | international students - labor migration from Eastern
               | Europe to the EU is of a decidedly different character
               | and more analogous to the comments I was making about
               | people from the Americas in the US.
        
         | boomskats wrote:
         | I'm Serbian and moved to the UK when I was 10. A lot of this is
         | a bit hazy now, but I really clearly recall my bewilderment
         | during the first class-wide 'mental arithmetic' tests in year 5
         | where I thought the whole class was playing a prank on me. In
         | Serbia I remembered doing quadratics and even touching on
         | differentiation in the afterschool classes, but over here in
         | the UK they were expecting me to take 20 seconds to do simple
         | mental maths (I remember 8x3+17 being the 'hardest one').
         | 
         | The other kids were pretty fascinated with my slightly
         | different long division methods, but the teachers were just
         | obsessed with making me write an `x` instead of a `*` when
         | writing out my multiplication, and trying to make me change the
         | methods I'd learned previously.
         | 
         | I stopped finding maths interesting at that point (age 11) and
         | it breaks my heart to this day. What I knew was enough to get
         | me a couple of 'best-in-school + gold' medals in that Year 8
         | maths challenge, but it was all Bs and Cs at a-level. I did
         | rediscover a genuine interest in mathematics again at uni as
         | part of the foundations of AI course (CS degree), but that was
         | short-lived and frustrating, as I knew I should have been
         | better.
        
           | noobsaibot wrote:
           | i remember me coming to germany with 11/12 and having to tell
           | odd from even numbers in a test; after trigonometry and
           | beginning of integrals in russia.
        
           | thinkingemote wrote:
           | As a Brit, I was never any good at mental math at school, I
           | still cannot do that hardest one without a calculator.
           | 
           | But later on, I swam like a fish in water in geometry, trig,
           | logic and loved algebra and moved from the last of my year to
           | one of the top. I was doing integration etc a good two years
           | before it was being taught in the higher classes. These
           | skills are good for programming and computers.
           | 
           | There was a limit; basically theorems, multi dimensional
           | stuff and unreal? math, primes, pure math etc were completely
           | out of my scope. Strange I guess, perhaps these are connected
           | with being good at mental arithmetic?
           | 
           | My point is that I also think it's bizarre on the British
           | obsession with mental maths early on, when for many algebra
           | might be better and easier.
        
             | 2muchcoffeeman wrote:
             | I think mental arithmetic is one of those things that
             | simply requires vast amounts of practise. I'm quite slow at
             | it, but when I'm forced to do a lot of it, say for keeping
             | score. I quickly get faster.
             | 
             | I too was much better at applied maths and stats. It was
             | fairly easy for me. But my brain just shuts down doing pure
             | math.
        
             | mkl95 wrote:
             | In my country (and I'd say this happens in some other EU
             | countries), you do a ton of basic algebra as a kid, then
             | take some rushed calculus and linear algebra 1-2 years
             | before uni.
             | 
             | Once you pretend you have mastered the basics, there is a
             | sudden, strange focus on advanced Calculus heuristics and
             | obscure linear algebra techniques, effectively making most
             | people hate these subjects. The way you are taught the
             | stuff is basically a crime against Mathematics since it
             | drives talented people away from STEM careers.
        
             | pulkitsh1234 wrote:
             | I still have a hard time in mental arithmetics. During my
             | school days, this is one of the things which had instilled
             | the "math phobia" in me. I never really took an interest in
             | math, until I started doing competitive programming in
             | college. I had to literally build a new understanding of
             | division, multiplication, modulus, etc., it's difficult to
             | explain. But I feel really ashamed in admitting that I
             | still suck at math, probably because I just hated it during
             | school days and no one was there to guide me. I don't
             | really like blaming things on others, but I am not sure
             | what else I could've done to learn math.
        
             | TheMightyLlama wrote:
             | I'm in exactly the same position at the age of 40. I've
             | attempted to memorise the times table to no avail. It seems
             | to me one of those things that you need to know cold. And
             | then from there you can look at other things.
             | 
             | To me mathematics is a thing of beauty I just find I havent
             | found the right handle to grasp it with.
             | 
             | I ask myself what would be the order in which one could
             | most easily absorb the material. Does it really start with
             | rote learning?
        
               | wheelinsupial wrote:
               | > I ask myself what would be the order in which one could
               | most easily absorb the material. Does it really start
               | with rote learning?
               | 
               | What are you trying to learn and why?
               | 
               | Math starts with axioms, which are some statements that
               | everything else is built from. Axioms, as far as I
               | understand, can't be derived. These are the most basic
               | building blocks. Then through logic and deductions other
               | machinery is built up. There is a certain amount that
               | does need to be internalized or memorized, but that is
               | the same for learning the alphabet.
               | 
               | In math classes, at least at the university level in
               | Canada, knowing the statement of definitions and theorems
               | covered exactly is somewhat important. If it's a proof
               | based course this is more important, but the theorem will
               | tell you where it's applicable, so knowing that helps.
               | 
               | Math builds. It took me until a third year complex
               | analysis course to build up enough courage to ask a prof
               | how he solves problems. Basically he said he has a
               | hierarchy of theorems in a given field. When he sees a
               | problem he will go through each of them starting with the
               | easiest to apply and check the assumptions. If it
               | applies, then he will use it and get the result. If not,
               | move on to the next one. He goes and looks up the exact
               | statements and how to go through with the calculations
               | and checks. If you forget something, look it up.
               | 
               | Eventually after solving enough problems you'll build up
               | some intuition and muscle memory for the problems.
               | 
               | As to how to progress, I am not sure. Some mathematicians
               | say you kind of just pick things up and then connect the
               | threads later on. It's not always possible to march
               | through in a linear manner because there isn't an
               | absolute ordering in what to learn.
               | 
               | There should be an appendix in the back of a textbook
               | that reviews or outlines what's required for the book.
               | There will be a few questions that rely on outside
               | knowledge, but one can still learn the majority of the
               | concepts without going to far afield for review.
               | 
               | Start with what you want and fill in the rest of the gaps
               | by working backwards.
               | 
               | I wouldn't worry about memorizing the times tables
               | (unless maybe you're interested in number theory?) if
               | you're trying to learn math. Know algebra, functions, and
               | graphing as a minimum, then start to learn what you
               | want... I would just use a calculator or pencil and paper
               | to multiply things out on homework. If this is for
               | personal benefit, then don't hesitate to get some
               | numerical methods involved to help learning the material.
        
             | javajosh wrote:
             | I felt the same way, but I noticed professors I admired
             | often doing arithmetic in their head, clearly because they
             | enjoyed doing it. So since then I make an effort to
             | mentally calculate. And you know what? It's a more
             | interesting hobby than you'd think. Whatever technique you
             | adopt (or grow, in my case), it's a good, concrete,
             | occasionally useful exercise in breaking down a problem
             | into smaller parts, and then combining those simple results
             | into something else.
             | 
             | Or maybe it's vanity. But I will say it's depressing to see
             | all the cashiers (in the US) that can't seem to do any kind
             | of math in their head, not even to minimize change (which
             | seems totally ubiquitous in many other parts of the world;
             | in fact, some cultures are aggressive about optimizing your
             | change - China comes to mind).
        
               | confidantlake wrote:
               | I feel that in the US any cashier that could do mental
               | math would soon move on to a better paying job.
        
           | gambiting wrote:
           | I went to a British university, CS course, at the age of 19,
           | having completed my education in Poland. I had a very similar
           | experience(except no one cared whether you wrote x or .) -
           | basically at university it was like going back 5-10 years in
           | terms of maths level. We were already doing advanced calculus
           | in Poland in my last year at school(and being constantly told
           | that we have to know it well or no one at university will
           | explain it to us), and then at the UK university I went to we
           | spent the first year just going through extremely simple
           | algebra. It honestly felt like I was doing something wrong.
        
             | dan-robertson wrote:
             | This surely depends on the university and the course. At
             | mine (admittedly for a maths degree) the start of the
             | course involved quickly running through the contents of the
             | A-level FP3 maths module (which the degree did not
             | technically require) in about two lectures as well as
             | jumping straight into topics that weren't very relevant to
             | school maths (group theory and a first "set theory/welcome
             | to proofs" course which both quickly became hard).
             | 
             | Students doing physics seemed to get reasonable physics
             | maths (e.g. vector calculus things like surface integrals
             | and Green's theorem) without spending lots of time revising
             | school maths.
             | 
             | I don't know what the computer scientists got but I got the
             | impression that the university preferred applicants who
             | were good at maths to those who were good at programming.
             | Though maybe they needed help with asymptotics: U.K. school
             | maths doesn't cover limits and it is hard to define big O
             | if you don't know the definition of a limit.
        
             | sjg007 wrote:
             | >British university, CS course
             | 
             | Hmm.. In my experience this would have been discrete math
             | at best which is normal in CS classes. You'd have to have
             | taken an engineering elective or math elective to get
             | linear algebra.
             | 
             | Today, with AI being so hot, I'd bet that the programs
             | include math for engineers e.g. matrices and linear
             | algebra. Maybe an intro course in stats and probability.
        
               | dan-robertson wrote:
               | At my university in the U.K. we called the kind of linear
               | algebra that computer scientists do "vectors and
               | matrices." It involved grids of numbers and maybe things
               | like decompositions and eigenvalues/vectors. Computer
               | scientists might get to go into topics like numerical
               | stability or decomposition that are useful for
               | computation. These have lots of practical uses and are
               | relevant to topics like graph theory or Markov chains.
               | 
               | The thing we called "linear algebra" involved linear maps
               | and vector spaces and bases and dual spaces and no grids
               | of numbers.
        
               | arethuza wrote:
               | That wasn't my experience in doing a CS degree in the
               | 1980s - we basically did the same maths as the engineers
               | for two years and then diverged into more discrete maths
               | in 3rd year of a 4 year course. And this isn't even
               | counting the pure CS mathematical components such as
               | lambda calculus etc.
        
         | paganel wrote:
         | Romanian here, the "I learned this when I was 9" might have
         | been a slight exaggeration so that your friend could make a
         | point, but as an another anecdata I can say that I distinctly
         | remember one of my first calculus classes while I was in 9th
         | grade (I think I was 15 years old at the time) and our maths
         | teacher trying to explain to us how real numbers are defined
         | and, more importantly, what that definition really means. That
         | class/hour stood with me ever since, even though 25 years have
         | passed.
         | 
         | But truth be told it very highly depended on the quality of the
         | math teachers. I was lucky enough to get into one of the best
         | high-schools in my town so that we got a really good maths
         | teacher, but the teacher "quality" was not that uniformly
         | distributed across different schools.
        
           | Wildgoose wrote:
           | UK citizen here. More specifically, English - the 4 "home" UK
           | nations have different Education systems.
           | 
           | I learned Calculus at 14, but I am now 56. We still used log
           | tables when I was at school, calculators were only just being
           | introduced. From what I have seen from my children, our maths
           | education has been seriously dumbed down.
        
             | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
             | _> our maths education has been seriously dumbed down._
             | 
             | I hear this complaint form nearly every country. It seems
             | like the system has found this "hack" where if you dumb
             | things down enough, then scores go up across the board,
             | giving the impression that the children are performing
             | better, so the people in charge can meet or exceed their
             | KPIs, and everybody's a "winner".
             | 
             | For example, in Romania it was very difficult to get top
             | grades at schools a few decades ago so those grades were
             | used as entry criterias in universities, but nowadays
             | everyone can get top grades without a sweat by carefully
             | rigging the system, so universities have introduced their
             | own entry exams since when everyone has top grades then
             | they are all worthless.
        
               | chucksmash wrote:
               | Goodhart's Law: When a measure becomes a target, it
               | ceases to be a good measure.
        
           | gnat wrote:
           | Do the students bring any motivation to the classroom? Like,
           | is there a culture of "study hard and pay attention in maths
           | and sciences, because that's how we escape poverty" or
           | something like that? Here in New Zealand, middle class
           | parents put a high premium on being happy and fulfilled, and
           | most (that I've seen across several schools) don't really
           | prime their kids for academic success by saying "this is
           | important, we value it, and you should too". It may be
           | different for lower-class or upper-class kids here (I haven't
           | spent a lot of time in those schools). Keen to know what it
           | was like in Romania.
        
             | visarga wrote:
             | Depends very much on the parents. Some families put a lot
             | of importance on studies, and others don't. Usually those
             | from countryside or without higher education would not
             | care.
        
               | holoduke wrote:
               | The most important thing is to shape your kids in such a
               | way that they can make choices themselves. Worst thing is
               | when parents are pushing their children to go for the
               | highest (their eyes) education. A child who likes what
               | he/she is doing, even when it is 'just' wood making
               | becomes a much happier child. Northern Europe is good in
               | this. The US so so. But China and India are the worst
               | examples. So many talented people doing things not in
               | line with their real desires.
        
             | rob74 wrote:
             | I grew up in Romania too (finished school in 1992), and at
             | least during the communist regime I can't really remember a
             | culture of studying hard to escape poverty, because that
             | simply wasn't how you escaped poverty - it was more a mix
             | of "choosing the right parents", the people you knew, a bit
             | of luck, a bit of corruption and maybe some shrewdness, but
             | Romania definitely wasn't a meritocracy at that time (that
             | may however have changed since, at least to some degree).
             | However, kids that studied hard and were very good in
             | school weren't looked down upon and disrespected as they
             | sometimes are in the West.
             | 
             | At University (after the regime changed), studying hard did
             | become more common, but it was directed at scoring a job in
             | Canada/USA/wherever, not at escaping poverty in Romania
             | itself...
        
               | paganel wrote:
               | I finished highschool in 1999, grew up in a mono-
               | industrial city which had just seen its only, well,
               | industrial place in town close down and sold for scraps,
               | in my case (and in the case of many of my colleagues)
               | learning maths and getting into university with free
               | admission was really one of the few escapes available
               | from said town and, hence, from poverty.
               | 
               | I think those 7 years (1992 vs 1999) made a hell of a
               | difference because of the economic "reforms" that were
               | implemented in that time-interval and which actually saw
               | many towns like the ones I grew up in become destitute in
               | a matter of just a few years. Unfortunately that decade
               | (the '90s) is not that well-studied yet in our history
               | classes (maybe because it is too recent?), fact is I've
               | only started to realise its true importance and its true,
               | horrible economic and life-changing effects on our
               | parents' generation (people who are now in the 60s and
               | 70s) only recently. I think the same happened over almost
               | all of the former Soviet Bloc, and imo it greatly
               | explains some of the political tendencies we see today.
               | But that is turning into OT, sorry for that.
        
               | selestify wrote:
               | > imo it greatly explains some of the political
               | tendencies we see today
               | 
               | That's very interesting, could you please expound on
               | that?
        
             | rogalact wrote:
             | In Romania, from what i recall, it was usually the
             | beatings. Didnt like math? The teacher would simply use the
             | pointing stick to smash your hands. I was fortunate enough
             | to have liked math but some weren't. And so there were the
             | beatings.
             | 
             | Those attending "olympiads" were brainwashed into thinking
             | that somehow they were superior and at some point we had to
             | look down upon those whom, god forbid, chose something else
             | but maths. Some indeed went on to have high paying office
             | jobs in western countries, many of whom are now turning
             | back. Apparently being trained to win olympiads doesn't
             | yield an entrepreneurial spirit nor does it lead to riches,
             | and after a life wasted they now just want to live a bit.
        
               | tw20212021 wrote:
               | You are exaggerating, I've never seen a beating in school
               | (from a teacher to a pupil). Was in school in Bucharest
               | from the 90's to 00's, had loads of maths and other stem
               | classes. If you didn't keep up you'd get a bad grade, if
               | you didn't pass the year you'd have a chance to correct
               | it during summer school, and worst you'd repeat the year.
               | Nothing uncommon here. And I don't share your hate
               | against the ones competing in the olympics, I knew lots
               | of them, later on they went into research, got jobs at
               | Google, did PHDs at Harvard and Princeton and the likes
               | and are now professors at top universities. And some of
               | them are good entrepreneurs now, you'd be surprised.
        
               | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
               | He's not exaggerating at all.
               | 
               | I was in school in roughly the same period as you and
               | although beatings from teachers to pupils were very rare,
               | they did exist and happend if the pupil was very unruly
               | and caused trouble in class (I had one classmate who
               | nearly assaulted a teacher during class because he didn't
               | like the bad grade he got), but usually the teacher had
               | the "blessing" from the pupil's parents to perform such
               | "corrections".
               | 
               | Beatings were much more common in the poorer parts of the
               | cities/country with poor performing schools and broken
               | families (alcoholism, domestic abuse, poverty). At top
               | schools in big cities like the one you probably went to
               | with alumni that go to Harvard and Google, beatings were
               | not common at all because usually the children came from
               | mid/upper-class families. But that's very small
               | percentage of the pupils in Romania that are in such a
               | performant environment.
               | 
               | When my dad was in school in the 60's, from what he told
               | me, receiving beatings in school from teachers was very
               | common all around even for stupid reasons as some
               | teachers would go on aggressive power trips if you
               | stepped on their nerves.
        
               | petre wrote:
               | Depends on the teacher I guess, but we never got corporal
               | punishment unless there were grave discipline issues like
               | beating girls with snowballs or weaved scarves. Math? No.
               | You just got a bad grade.
               | 
               | Most of our olympics are currenty researchers abroad or
               | tech leads in the country. Entrepreneurs not so much,
               | maybe the networking types.
               | 
               | The hardest math problems we encountered were from the
               | USSR olympics. There was a magazine with math problems
               | which collected such gems.
        
               | rogalact wrote:
               | I wish i was exaggerating.
               | 
               | In primary school the older brother of a classmate has
               | broken into a newsstand and has stolen a few porn
               | magazines. My teacher beat him every day for a week as to
               | serve as an example to everyone (yes he beat the little
               | brother). He hit him around his temples so as to not
               | leave marks and would lift him from the floor pulling by
               | the hair. To this day i wont forget this.
               | 
               | Also as recently as few years ago there has been an
               | uproar in romania as to how many parents beat their
               | children for various reasons including poor school
               | performance. You know, "bataia e rupta din cer".
               | 
               | This happens in poor areas of romania such south or east
               | provinces as much as in the north west.
               | 
               | "got jobs at X" - exactly. Excellence in romania's
               | education system means obedience. At the top it produces
               | great workers. Not that working at google is not cool or
               | getting a phd is not useful but romania needs more than
               | that.
               | 
               | And while a small sample praises romania's education
               | system, and great maths, Romania suffers from roughly 50%
               | functionally illiterate pupils. Just because a small
               | sample gets good results in olympiads, frankly contests
               | that mainly poor countries compete in, it doesnt mean the
               | system is great. Quite the opposite.
        
               | unnouinceput wrote:
               | And there is your answer "from 90's to 00's". Beating was
               | done in communist era, not after the fall of Iron
               | Curtain.
               | 
               | I personally received beatings from my math teacher
               | during middle school (5th to 8th grade), which was before
               | '89. He would make me have the fingers up and together
               | (think of like Italians argue) and then would hit my 5
               | thumbs altogether at once with a wooden stick.
        
               | rogalact wrote:
               | I graduated around 2005, and yes, beatings were common.
               | As were bribes and sexual abuse. The sexual abuse was so
               | much in the open that some thought it was cool to see a
               | student girl dating a professor.
               | 
               | It is more pronounced in universities - ask medical or
               | economics students and you'll uncover quite a few
               | stories.
        
           | Jach wrote:
           | I used to know online a Romanian who had moved to Canada
           | sometime during high school, she made similar points about
           | the slowness of the North American curriculum. I told her
           | about my 11th grade AP Physics C material (which uses
           | calculus) in America and she indicated that in Romania they
           | forced her to learn all that stuff years ago. However she
           | wasn't exactly helpful when I later asked if she could help
           | me with something, she'd forgotten too much and anyway didn't
           | have an interest to keep up or go further. I'm still left
           | unconvinced in the superiority of other countries teaching
           | their kids so much more so much earlier when it seems to be
           | forgotten not long after, and of course there are the long-
           | standing "where are the results?" counter-arguments. It's
           | hard not to be skeptical of prolonged compulsory education of
           | any quality.
        
             | paganel wrote:
             | I'm also not convinced about the superiority of any
             | teaching system (especially now, after I've learned about
             | and read some Ivan Illich), I was just trying to confirm
             | OP's point that the education systems around this part of
             | the world were indeed pushing harder when it came to some
             | maths-related stuff earlier in a kid's "educational cycle",
             | so to speak.
             | 
             | I'm also highly "skeptical of prolonged compulsory
             | education of any quality" but, again, I think that maybe
             | that will steer the discussion into OT territory.
        
             | nostrademons wrote:
             | I think we do see results in domains where math & science
             | is particularly important. Eastern Europeans are
             | consistently among the best algorithmic programmers I've
             | worked with. My employer was co-founded by a Russian
             | immigrant, son of a math professor. Russia beat us to
             | space, and given the backwardness of the general eastern
             | bloc economy they're remarkably strong in science and
             | technology.
             | 
             | On the flip side, the American capitalist economy does a
             | remarkably good job of making productive use of people who
             | are _not_ academically strong (this is a notable strength
             | vs. the Chinese, as well). And American culture  &
             | education stresses team-playing, communication skills, and
             | trust, all of which are weaknesses of many of the Eastern-
             | bloc programmers I've worked with.
             | 
             | The thing is, I don't believe that the strengths of
             | American culture are mutually exclusive with Russian and
             | other Eastern European strengths in mathematics and science
             | education. In other words, we could have _both_. What 's
             | stopping us from ripping out just the dumbed-down math
             | curriculum from schools and replacing it with Russian-style
             | instruction? I guess that's what the article is about, and
             | some families are doing just that with private enrichment
             | classes.
        
               | Jach wrote:
               | It's a nice dream, to have a populace educated to a much
               | more advanced level in math, but I don't think it's
               | doable with America as it is, i.e. we can't have both. We
               | could at least stop sliding further down, perhaps, and
               | I'd be glad to hear about many sorts of changes in state-
               | and nation-wide curriculum, while we're to have such
               | things, for what I believe to be marginal improvements.
               | At the smaller margins we have individual parents doing
               | what they can with things like these Russian Math
               | programs, as they have done for a long time, and I think
               | is probably sufficient to ensure the prodigies aren't
               | snuffed out.
               | 
               | What's stopping us? For starters, over a hundred years of
               | battling desires:
               | https://www.csun.edu/~vcmth00m/AHistory.html Not any of
               | the sides entirely without some merit. And that is closer
               | to America's strength, in that try as we might to enforce
               | Universalism in some domain, we're pretty bad at it
               | against ourselves. This is a good thing, since while the
               | surface of possibilities does suck and we can dream it
               | was much better, it is not entirely uniform and solid,
               | there are yet still many cracks for the precious few
               | (many of whom being immigrants who found their own crack
               | just to get here) to slip through, drag some along with
               | them, and come out to do great things.
        
         | g9yuayon wrote:
         | It could be because you noticed only elite foreign students,
         | while US education is accessible to a much wider range of
         | American students.
        
         | tsimionescu wrote:
         | While this is partly true, and a point of national pride (I'm
         | Romanian), it's also important to realize that this is the
         | positive end of a very unequal system. If you have the good
         | luck of having a good teacher, and enough material conditions
         | to focus on learning, school will leave you with quite a good
         | array of knowledge, especially in Maths and sciences.
         | 
         | However, the majority of people don't have this luck, and they
         | get seriously left behind. I don't know as much about Bulgaria,
         | but Romania has the largest percentage of functional illiteracy
         | in the EU - almost half of Romanian high-school children can
         | only theoretically read (they recognize the letter symbols, but
         | can't actually read a text and understand what it meant, at the
         | most basic level). A good percentage of people go through the
         | mandatory K-10 education system through cheating, corruption,
         | and basic knowledge.
         | 
         | Romania is very focused on national exams, one obligatory one
         | in 8th grade and another one in 12th grade. There was a push
         | about 10 years ago to implement some stringent anti cheating
         | controls (cameras in each exam room, nothing fancier or more
         | oppressive), and the pass rate plummeted from over 95% to 50%
         | in that one year. There were entire high schools that had had
         | straight As (10s) the year before and where no one passed the
         | year after. This was the level of cheating and corruption.
         | 
         | I will also note that the stuff about having luck with your
         | teachers is also not an exaggeration. I attended the second
         | best high school in the country by admission grade (there is a
         | national exam in 8th grade, and students choose their preferred
         | high-school in a ranked vote style, and then every student is
         | assigned to a high-school in order of exam grade + preference).
         | This is also a high-school in the capital, and a wealthy area.
         | I had some really good teachers in a few things, and a few
         | really abysmal teachers in others. Even in CS, which was the
         | high-school's specialty, I had teachers who seemed to barely
         | know the basics (but also others who were pretty decent).
         | 
         | It's also important to note that there is widespread,
         | normalized abuse in the teaching system, especially towards
         | children with poor grades, or who are just poor. Things like
         | yelling, demeaning, even spanking and hair cutting (for male
         | students with longer hair, especially) are relatively common,
         | and still considered normal in some areas (though, thankfully,
         | fewer and fewer).
        
           | ratww wrote:
           | Oh wow, thanks for the post, this is really insightful.
           | 
           | Do you know why students have to resort to cheat and
           | corruption for passing tests and going trough the K-10
           | system? Is it some external factor for the students, is it
           | just lack of good teachers, or a combination? Thanks.
        
             | tsimionescu wrote:
             | I am not an expert by any means, but I believe one of the
             | main reasons is that there is a fixed national curriculum,
             | that includes many different domains, with the same
             | standards for everyone, usually withab a huge focus on
             | knowledge accumulation and rote learning. The mentality is
             | often centered around knowing and being able to repeat
             | facts and formulae. The curriculum often goes into deep
             | detail on relatively obscure subjects with no or very
             | little context. Combined with poor teachers (both in terms
             | of performance and financially), this leads to many, if not
             | most, students being relatively left behind.
             | 
             | For an example of the top-level mentality, the compulsory
             | school system used to include K-12 until a few years ago.
             | In high-school, you used to have anorganic chemistry in
             | grades 9 and 10, and organic chemistry in grades 11 and 12.
             | After the move to K-10, the curriculum was adjusted to have
             | anorganic chemistry in grades 9 and 11, and organic in 10
             | and 12, with the cited reasoning being that you can't have
             | students graduating out of high-school without knowing the
             | basics of organic chemistry, can you? This, again, in a
             | country where a good third or more of those students can
             | actually barely read - they've been lost since around grade
             | 2-3.
        
           | bsanr2 wrote:
           | >It's also important to note that there is widespread,
           | normalized abuse in the teaching system, especially towards
           | children with poor grades, or who are just poor. Things like
           | yelling, demeaning, even spanking and hair cutting (for male
           | students with longer hair, especially)
           | 
           | Americans will be appalled, without realizing that these are
           | common hazards for poor, and especially black, students to
           | face. In many cases, these tactics aren't even used for
           | punishment, but as preemptive control measures (especially
           | the hair-cutting).
           | 
           | It continues to surprise me how many parallels there are
           | between the Eastern European and Inner City American
           | experiences.
        
             | bullshitt wrote:
             | Lmao where in the USA are teachers spanking and hair
             | cutting blacks in the inner city.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | 1-6 wrote:
       | After school programs have been a profitable enterprise in South
       | Korea and China. I think they're still in the growth-phase in the
       | United States with companies like Kumon, Eye Level, and Russian
       | School of Mathematics. Competition to get kids to accel in school
       | is high but it's also increasing the stress of these kids.
       | Parents in South Korea, for example, have stated in numerous
       | survey responses that they would delay having kids (among many
       | things) because of the cost of after-school tuition.
       | 
       | It's a shame because education is viewed as that one normalizer
       | which allows a child from a poor family to make it up to the top
       | through hard work. Wealthy parents are simply gaming the system
       | by putting kids through cram-schools and SAT programs which train
       | you how to read between the lines and fill out Scantrons
       | effectively.
       | 
       | Private tutoring is nothing new but now you're seeing tutoring
       | becoming like a Subway's or a McDonalds franchise.
        
         | ijustwanttovote wrote:
         | I believe China are starting to ban for-profit tutoring firms.
         | https://www.reuters.com/world/china/chinese-parents-fret-aft...
        
       | bitwize wrote:
       | Before that it was Singapore math.
       | 
       | Basically any country that doesn't view your kid's math class as
       | a lab to experiment with new unproven teaching techniques is fair
       | game. Which unfortunately excludes American math.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | wyclif wrote:
       | I'm not quite sure I understand the aversion to Russian teaching
       | materials, other than a lingering negative reaction to communism.
       | Gelfand's Algebra has become a real game-changing text for a lot
       | of English-speaking students who struggle with the subject. His
       | Trigonometry book is just as good, and helped me a lot when I
       | needed a refresher when I became a land surveyor after being out
       | of school for years.
        
       | DrBazza wrote:
       | Went to university in the UK, met a bunch of Russian post-docs
       | whilst I was a researcher, and they were some of the best
       | mathematicians I'd met.
       | 
       | Not unrelated, but today in the UK is A-Level results (for 18 yr
       | olds), and the UK press and exam boards, as usual are reporting
       | it as the 'best results ever'. This happens year on year.
       | 
       | There's a lot of argument about education standards getting lower
       | in the UK. My "anecdata" is that I was the first year to sit GCSE
       | maths exams at 16 yrs old, and we went through old O-level papers
       | from the mid 1950s onwards (aimed at 16 year olds) to practice.
       | Those O-level papers had advanced calculus that we didn't learn
       | until our final year of A-levels. Those old papers were _much_
       | harder.
       | 
       | tl;dr in the 50s/60s 16 year old Brits were taught advanced
       | calculus. They're not now.
        
         | whimsicalism wrote:
         | This does not jive with my encounters with people who went to
         | school in the 50s/60s.
         | 
         | Just from interacting with people of different ages, it seems
         | to me there was a marked improvement in quality of schooling,
         | maybe in the 90s?
        
           | DrBazza wrote:
           | It depends what metric you're using for education
           | improvement. For science based subjects, the fundamentals
           | don't change. My narrow world view is maths and physics, and
           | my data point of one, is that my peer group in the 1980s were
           | taught to a lower level in maths (and physics) than in the
           | 1950s/60s/70s, based on the content of O-level exam papers
           | that we sat as mock exams. The fact was that we couldn't
           | answer a percentage of the exams because we just weren't
           | taught it.
           | 
           | The reverse wasn't true - we were not taught extra things
           | that weren't in the exam, we were simply taught _less_.
           | 
           | I can't find a link, but there was talk of "remedial maths"
           | lessons being taught at many universities in the UK to bring
           | students up to the standards required for degrees because
           | they're simply not taught at the same level any more.
           | Universities on the other hand, don't have their curriculums
           | or qualifications manipulated by the sitting government so
           | their standards/requirements change much more slowly.
        
       | ttonkytonk wrote:
       | After "Do you like this story?..." popped up for the fifth time I
       | stopped reading.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | LeanderK wrote:
       | I wonder what he older math-education in german schools is like,
       | probably also more hard-core. After elementary school, germany
       | has a three tracks Gymnasium, Realschule und Hauptschule. A
       | Gymnasium prepares one for university and is still well regarded
       | and its final tests, the Abitur, still carries a prestige.
       | Looking back (I attended a Gymnasium), I think the quality of the
       | education was quite high, especially in my english lessons and
       | the social subjects. If the goal of the school was to produce
       | good citizens capable of actively participating in a democracy
       | and forming their own opinion, then it did it very well.
       | Especially later, we had quite a few interesting, adult
       | discussions with engaged teachers about various topics in
       | history, society, art etc. So I think that the quality of my
       | gymnasium was quite high and it really showed in subjects where
       | capable teachers alone can make quite the difference.
       | 
       | But the gymnasiums should also prepare those capable for
       | university, be more rigorous, and I think there's the problem.
       | The division doesn't work anymore. Everybody wants their children
       | to go to the gymnasium, because everybody has to study at the
       | university. Even when they have no interest whatsoever in science
       | and just want to work as a coder. Also, attending a Gymnasium
       | can't be prestigious if everybody is doing it. I remember quite a
       | few children struggling but getting pushed through by their
       | parents because a Realschule is simply not an option. I was also
       | struggling, but more because I just didn't care and there weren't
       | really any consequences. I still passed each class. But a more
       | rigorous math education would, I think, result in a lot of the
       | children failing the gymnasium and a lot of angry parents who see
       | the future of their children and their parental success in
       | turmoil. So the Gymnasium really turned into a one-size-fits-all
       | kind of education and I strongly suspect that especially in math
       | (or physics) that leads to the lowest common denominator. So now
       | I wonder what the math education was like when only few could
       | attend the gymnasium, i suspect way more rigorous.
       | 
       | Is it similar in other countries?
       | 
       | By the way, it's totally different at the university level. The
       | german university doesn't feel responsible for your personal
       | success, you have to earn it. If you fail, you fail and the
       | standard can be quite high. I also don't really see a lowering of
       | standards in the "core" degrees, for the first big math exams I
       | prepared myself by practicing with old ones going back into the
       | 80s/90s. They were as difficult as the new ones. A lot of
       | students failing out of the subjects they have chosen (can be as
       | much as 2/3rds) just choose easier majors, for example a
       | business-computer science combination because they have less math
       | classes. A lot of the students that started studying with me
       | ended up switching majors because of the more rigorous computer-
       | science and math-classes (I think roughly 50%).
        
       | a-saleh wrote:
       | Damn, need to reread Malushki i matematika.
        
       | sunshineforever wrote:
       | The core theory, that abstract reasoning and deeper understanding
       | should be introduced as early as possible is marvelous.
       | 
       | But I'm over the idea of hammering kids with homework... This is
       | in addition to their school workload.
        
       | univalent wrote:
       | My kids 8 and 7 go to the Russian math after school program in
       | Cupertino. So far, there's nothing 'Russian' about it. Its just
       | regular math.
        
       | marco_craveiro wrote:
       | As a Portuguese citizen, I was not exposed to Russian mathematics
       | during my entire academic career until I entered university.
       | Whilst slightly better than the UK, our educational system was
       | also not brilliant when it came to maths, and we only started to
       | do calculus close to Year 12 (the last year before university).
       | Anyways, my one and only brush with Russian mathematics was as
       | follows - I flunked Integral and Differential calculus on Year 1
       | at uni, and was getting really worried it would take me a while
       | to do this subject. In Portugal you need to repeat a subject
       | until you get a pass grade. Then a cousin told me I had to "do
       | Piskunov".
       | 
       | In those days you didn't buy books, you'd photocopy them, so he
       | gave me a very large photocopied manuscript of Piskunov [1] in
       | Spanish. I had never seen anything like it. It was a bit like a
       | game; it had very little instructions, and it started with
       | absolutely trivial exercises, but continued on and on,
       | relentlessly. And somehow, it got you hooked. I read the entire
       | set of books compulsively, just to see what the next exercise
       | would throw at me. I finished my exam really quickly and got 95%
       | (in my rush, I made one mistake in the exam). My teacher even
       | asked me about some of the ways in which I solved some of the
       | exercises.
       | 
       | [1] https://mirtitles.org/2012/03/06/integeral-and-
       | differential-...
        
         | whimsicalism wrote:
         | Portugal has still made a lot of progress. My father, who grew
         | up in the Acores in the 50/60s, says that back then school
         | stopped at 4th grade.
        
         | anthk wrote:
         | Where can I get these books in Spanish?
        
           | euler2100 wrote:
           | right here: https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B-0oGwb4N6jRcUF1b
           | 3laOExLeVU/...
        
       | Mikhail_Edoshin wrote:
       | I'm Russian and one thing I liked when I was a kid was the
       | monthly physics & math magazine "Quantum" (Russian: "Kvant",
       | "Kvant") that was aimed at schoolchildren. Are there any such
       | magazines in United States?
        
       | g9yuayon wrote:
       | This got me thinking about the recent school policies for equity.
       | Schools reduce difficulty of courses, lower standards for
       | graduation, and cancel gift programs, all in the name of equity.
       | I think in the long term such policy changes will hurt
       | disadvantaged families. Family with means will simply send their
       | kids to good tutoring schools, and the education gap among
       | different groups of people will enlarge. It is the kids in the
       | middle, the future backbone of our society, who will suffer most
       | because they need strong guidance and skillful push to truly
       | learn, yet they won't get such education because of the watered-
       | down standards.
        
       | geomark wrote:
       | People may find this interesting
       | http://toomandre.com/travel/sweden05/WP-SWEDEN-NEW.pdf (PDF)
       | 
       | It is written by a mathematician who has taught in Russia, the US
       | and Brazil. They have a lot to say about how math is taught in
       | the US. The paper also has a lot of sample problems.
        
       | MysteriousJane wrote:
       | I was glad to experience both methods and i can definitely
       | conclude, that Russian/Soviet Math approach is much better! It
       | gave me the boost to be ahead my Us and EU classmates, helped to
       | adapt to my statistical class during my Bachelor's degree. Highly
       | recommended for every parent to include several methodologies to
       | their child's extra program.
        
       | jdlyga wrote:
       | This reminds me of Kumon Math when I was a kid. It used a very
       | Japanese method to teach math, and definitely helped me out early
       | on.
        
       | echopurity wrote:
       | We're not taught mathematics because we're not meant to think,
       | criticize, understand epistemology, etc. We're taught to compute
       | to make us useful and compliant, even if the computations
       | themselves are useless.
        
       | tu7001 wrote:
       | Isn't something like that been already tried and failed? Try of
       | teaching maths in deep from the elementary school?
        
       | tradertef wrote:
       | Anectodal: I signed my daughter to Russian math and due to
       | pandemic she had one semester online. The teacher was horrible
       | and made lots of mistakes. On the other hand, some of our friends
       | were impressed about their teachers. So, I guess it depends on
       | the teacher a lot.
        
       | arthur_sav wrote:
       | Somehow the American education system keeps getting worse while
       | they poor more money into it.
        
         | rejectedandsad wrote:
         | There's a limited amount you can do when everyone around you is
         | destitute. I seriously doubt future coal miners were taught
         | sophisticated math in high school in the USSR - they took
         | tracking and specialization to an extreme, whereas this is
         | culturally verboten in America (for good reason).
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | orthoxerox wrote:
           | It's the Germans who are extreme specializers, with separate
           | middle and high schools for vocational, professional and
           | academic tracks.
           | 
           | The Union had two optional years of high school, but everyone
           | took the first eight with no tracks or optional classes.
           | After that you could finish school or get three years of
           | vocational education and join the workforce.
        
           | ymolodtsov wrote:
           | Soviet schools weren't really specialized. They could have
           | some classes with a heavier focus on specific subjects but
           | all changes were minor.
           | 
           | So yes, coal miners learned the same stuff. Only after grade
           | 9 kids could apply to a professional school that would teach
           | blue-collar professions and that's the first divergence
           | point.
           | 
           | P.S. In Soviet/Russian schools "class" is literally a group
           | of kids who study all subjects together from grade 1 to 11,
           | they are very rigid.
        
       | udev wrote:
       | Lots of comments asking what is "Soviet/Russian Math" actually
       | like, and how is it different.
       | 
       | I was lucky to get an education in three systems (Soviet Math,
       | Romanian Math School (influenced by both French and Soviet Math
       | school), and finally in a world top 40 university in North
       | America.
       | 
       | I would summarize the Soviet/Russian Math/Physics approach like
       | this:                 - understanding of the mechanism/intuition
       | behind the equations/methods is paramount       - teachers are
       | astute at spotting students who memorize blindly, and will
       | intervene to correct that       - while rigorous about notation,
       | the mathematical representation always comes after understanding,
       | not before       - the progression of teaching (order how
       | material is introduced) is very well thought out       - the old
       | soviet textbooks are generally less verbose than North American
       | ones (less fancy), but high quality in their expression,
       | typesetting, and ESPECIALLY (!!!) the quality of the exercises
       | - the Soviet Math textbook exercises are something to behold:
       | they have funny/memorable setting (like jokes), they are short
       | and easy to express, the numbers are chosen in such a way that
       | the result will be a nice whole number, or pi, etc. Basically as
       | a kid you can read one of those problems, lay down, close your
       | eyes, and work on it in your head.
       | 
       | That being said, I did like some of the aspects from the so
       | called "Western Math" (in my case Canadian university):
       | - teachers are more approachable, more friendly       - textbooks
       | can be gorgeous (nice colorful plots, etc)
        
         | systemvoltage wrote:
         | Meanwhile in California: https://equitablemath.org/wp-
         | content/uploads/sites/2/2020/11...
        
           | primitivesuave wrote:
           | This is fascinating and I appreciate you linking it. I was
           | mind-blown when I read page 8's claim that white supremacy
           | manifests itself in mathematics education when "students are
           | required to show their work in standardized, prescribed
           | ways".
        
             | dharmab wrote:
             | For the curious:
             | 
             | > The child of immigrants might have learned a different
             | way to solve a problem because that's how their parents
             | were taught where they grew up. If we just tell that
             | student their way is the wrong way, we risk turning them
             | off to math for life. If we take the opportunity to explore
             | why there are different ways to approach the same problem,
             | it can be a learning moment for the entire class.
             | 
             | I certainly had this experience in school! I did many math
             | problems mentally, using the method taught in schools today
             | where a problem like 23 x 7 is split into ((10 * 7) * 2) +
             | (3 * 7). As a result, showing my work was challenging,
             | because the teachers of my time wanted us to write out the
             | long multiplication and I didn't know writing the above
             | expansion was an option.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Part of schooling is learning and showing you can follow
               | a specific set of instructions. As long as one was taught
               | how to do long multiplication, I do not see the purpose
               | of taking into account what every kids' parents taught
               | them if the purpose of the exercise is to learn a certain
               | method and then show that you learned that certain method
               | by doing it.
        
               | dharmab wrote:
               | Because in practice, that causes students to disengage
               | from the learning process:
               | 
               | > If we just tell that student their way is the wrong
               | way, we risk turning them off to math for life.
               | 
               | I certainly disengaged from some subjects in school due
               | to frustration with "thou shalt" methods of teaching. I
               | was even removed from an upper level English language
               | class because I didn't draw the same conclusions as the
               | teacher from the material.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | I agree if they told you
               | 
               | >23 x 7 is split into ((10 * 7) * 2) + (3 * 7)
               | 
               | was the wrong way, then that is harmful. But if the
               | purpose of the test was to see if you can do long
               | multiplication, and you were not able to do it because
               | you did not want to or like to do it that way, then that
               | is a personal problem.
               | 
               | The reality is that school (non university level
               | schooling) is not purely about education or exploring the
               | 18 million different ways something can be right or
               | wrong. It is also an exercise in navigating one's way
               | around other humans and their expectations and playing
               | the game that you will have to for the rest of your life.
               | 
               | There is also the constraint of limited budgets and
               | schools having to make do with perhaps not the most
               | qualified educators. And there is certainly lots of
               | improvement to be made, but this "racist math" stuff
               | seems to be counter productive.
        
               | TheGigaChad wrote:
               | Idiot.
        
               | waterhouse wrote:
               | Ah, yes. I was told to "show my work", but I didn't have
               | any work to show. If they told me "For sake of
               | illustration, show what the steps would be if you carried
               | out the following algorithm", then perhaps I could have
               | done that. But what they said was "show your work", and
               | there was nothing to show.
               | 
               | Luckily, I had learned several years of the curriculum in
               | advance anyway, and had contempt for what the teachers
               | were doing, so it didn't change my opinion of math, only
               | my opinion of school.
        
         | starkd wrote:
         | I've heard from many Russian immigrant friends who insist that
         | Soviet education was one of the few areas that was done well in
         | USSR. Particularly, mathematics, which, other than the
         | obligatory Marx/Lenin quotes at the top of papers, tended to
         | avoid ideological corruption.
        
           | smhost wrote:
           | What's funny is that the differences in pedagogy is probably
           | a result of that "ideological corruption". Going through the
           | American education system, it's clear to both professors and
           | students alike that the system was designed on the assumption
           | that there should be winners and losers, and that meaningful
           | education is an afterthought. My math professors complained
           | that the way the system worked made it impossible for a
           | student to have continuity in their learning experience, and
           | if you measure the number of A-students in one course who get
           | an A in immedate next course, it's random. They weren't
           | talking about courses that have large conceptual leaps
           | between them. They were talking about first semester calculus
           | vs second semester calculus.
        
           | culebron21 wrote:
           | I studied in 1988-1999, and these stories may be true for
           | Soviet elite education, but not for average Ivan. I
           | personally studied at a school with advanced Physics and
           | English (our teachers after graduating from uni went to
           | Minneapolis for a year of practice). But maths had nothing
           | close to what's described in the article or comments here. No
           | witty simple problems, just boring theorems, then simple
           | tasks to solve.
           | 
           | I did see those witty nice problems in journals and special
           | math tasks books, but that never appeared in our lessons.
           | That was boring like hell. Well, ...at least it wasn't dumb,
           | we did take logarithms, derivatives etc.
           | 
           | But if you take an average Russian, they can't solve a simple
           | proportion problem: say, income tax is 15%, you paid $450 of
           | tax, how much net salary did you get? The answer is easy:
           | 450/.15*.85 (then do it on calculator), but when I did this
           | calculation with accountants from vocational college, they
           | were stunned and didn't get how I did it. I'm not
           | exaggerating a bit.
           | 
           | So those people were either from elites, or nostalgic.
           | 
           | On other courses in Soviet/Post-Soviet school.
           | 
           | Russian language focused mostly on orthography, punctuation
           | and participles. Like if British school focused on spelling
           | "coloUr" or "emphasiSe". The examples of good style were only
           | 19th century literature, especially Tolstoi's suffocating
           | long sentences.
           | 
           | Literature course is similar to what Paul Graham wrote about
           | in his essays: old, boring and already unimportant
           | literature, plus writing essays that must imitate literature
           | critics. I think this was the most hated task at school, and
           | it lasted all the way from 5th to 11th grade. Such essay
           | writing is still obligatory till today in 2021, and I see
           | consequences of it while teaching in a university: students
           | write in unnatural high style, but have difficulties
           | conveying their thoughts or selecting proper evidence (few
           | can distinguish between facts and theories). And that's in a
           | good university -- I'm scared to think what less smart people
           | write. This is not a "degradation" of modern ages, it's
           | almost unchanged since Soviet times.
           | 
           | History course conveyed a Communist narrative, cherry picked
           | facts and asked you not to analyze anything but to remember
           | dates/years. E.g. a textbook on medieval history (6th grade),
           | a paragraph on knights and their armor started with exactly
           | this phrase: "It was not easy for peasants to fight even one
           | feudal lord." (then it described the armor). The entire
           | country of Grand Duchy of Lithuania (at the time it was also
           | called Lithuanian Russia) was omitted, except for being shown
           | on a map. Because it was embarassing to compare that country
           | with Russia under Ivan the Terrible (who became an icon in
           | Stalin's age).
           | 
           | Geography was interesting to me, but when I got to Wikipedia
           | in 2004 and started reading on languages and nations, I saw
           | how much was missing from there.
           | 
           | Biology was a simple and rather boring literature, and the
           | home work was to read a paragraph and be ready to retell it.
           | Most students would simply learn them.
           | 
           | (Actually, with mediocre English teachers that was the case
           | as well: read a text, called "topic" and retell -- and the
           | teacher saw students telling the text learned by heard, but
           | didn't care.)
           | 
           | So, to conclude, math in Soviet elite education was good.
           | Other courses were probably reasonably good, because those
           | elite schools for talented also attracted good teachers. But
           | the average school was of much lower quality.
        
             | starkd wrote:
             | Friend from Bulgaria was telling me about the annual
             | recruits for the required conscription into the army. Most
             | were illiterate peasants. There ancestors had been
             | illiterate since time immemorial.
        
         | horsawlarway wrote:
         | As an american who went through US-based curriculum in the 90s,
         | this sounds _FUCKING WONDERFUL_.
         | 
         | Basically - it seems like the approach above treats math as a
         | conceptual playground, where you should develop intuition and
         | understanding.
         | 
         | Instead we seem to be going down the rote memorization route
         | for most of our classes, where the goal was to apply an
         | equation to some numbers and get the right answer, with little
         | to no thought, and an emphasis on easy grading.
         | 
         | ----
         | 
         | Our physics education seems quite similar, though - and I loved
         | that.
        
           | jnsie wrote:
           | Same in Ireland :-(
        
           | beamatronic wrote:
           | I could do calculus, in high school and college, but I wasn't
           | very happy about it. Until I took a physics class in college
           | which happened to be intended for the physics majors. Did the
           | professor ever just present an equation and ask us to learn
           | it? No! Every Single Physics Equation was explained from
           | first principles, using calculus - a lot of integrals.
           | Finally we were seeing a practical application, where
           | calculus was just a tool to get you where you needed to be.
        
             | sudobash1 wrote:
             | It was really helpful to me in highschool that the calculus
             | teacher was also the physics teacher, and many students
             | were enrolled in both classes simultaneously. You ended up
             | learning both at the same time.
        
               | QuercusMax wrote:
               | Teaching calculus through physics (and vice versa)
               | actually makes a lot of sense.
               | 
               | Similarly, basic Linear Algebra and 3D graphics have
               | great synergy. I took LinAlg and Computer Graphics the
               | same semester in undergrad, and the first half of LinAlg
               | led perfectly into the second half of CG. (The first half
               | of CG was all 2D stuff, which didn't need any special
               | math.)
        
             | DavidPeiffer wrote:
             | I was a bit disappointed to see the differences between
             | "algebra based physics" in high school and "Calc based
             | physics" in college. It wasn't a whole lot more than "now
             | rather than giving you formulas, do an integral to go from
             | acceleration to speed, or speed to position".
             | 
             | It did feel good to see a practical use for the calculus I
             | had learned, much more so than determining how much the
             | surface area changed after adding a layer of paint 0.01"
             | thick to a tank.
        
           | ponkon wrote:
           | Also American, but was routed through, what was at the time,
           | an experimental program called Integrated Math. Class was
           | structured around word problems and the students were guided
           | towards figuring out the formulas rather than rote
           | memorization.
           | 
           | There was a ton of group work, which worked out really well
           | for me, but if you didn't want to learn it was pretty easy to
           | coast and let the group leader do most of the work /
           | learning.
        
           | selimnairb wrote:
           | I have always liked math, but have never been great or very
           | good at it. I graduated from a US public school gifted
           | program, and a top 30 US university. The biggest problem I
           | always had with math education is they didn't teach the "why"
           | nearly enough. I was lousy at memorizing formulas/methods
           | (esp. in calculus), so I often found myself dead in the water
           | during exams.
        
             | hhlbf wrote:
             | Maths do not have a why.
        
               | ecshafer wrote:
               | Yes they do. At minimum Mathematics have a why in that it
               | is something that is arrived at logically, and provable.
               | But when you learn mathematics, whether it be algebra or
               | geometry and trigonometry or calculus or discrete, there
               | is another why added, that of real life solutions. Why do
               | we care about geometry? Well it ends up being useful in
               | optics and physics. We like Trigonometry because it can
               | help you build a building or bridge or shoot a cannon and
               | take down said building or bridge. Calculus has
               | innumerable uses in engineering and physics and finance
               | and biology and everywhere.
        
               | vangelis wrote:
               | If maths don't have a why, then programming languages
               | don't have a why. They're both abstractions.
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | Programming languages do not have a why. The turing
               | machine is an arbitrary model of computation, as is the
               | lambda calculus, as is horn clauses. The 'why' is
               | deciding which one is most convenient to solve a
               | particular problem. Given that very good computer
               | scientists come up with very different means of solving
               | the same problem, it's clear there's no universal
               | agreement upon which paradigm is better and that there's
               | a lot of subjective reasoning as to why particular models
               | are better.
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | You are being downvoted but you're correct.
               | 
               | Consider the natural numbers. There is no 'why' behind
               | them. There are axioms behind them, and -- given those
               | axioms -- there are statements about the natural numbers
               | that can be logically reduced to the axioms, but the
               | axioms have no why.
               | 
               | Moreover, it is provable the axioms have no why, because
               | they cannot have a why, because the axioms cannot be
               | proven except in relation to themselves. If you're so
               | convinced the axioms have a why, please prove me and
               | Godel wrong.
               | 
               | The 'why' behind natural numbers is a social one, and one
               | of convenience. The natural numbers make it easy to solve
               | and communicate about certain problems, but they are not
               | the only way to solve those problem nor are they the only
               | way to communicate about these problems.
               | 
               | For example, another way to deal with basic arithmetic,
               | is to talk about numbers as sets. Now you can define
               | certain operations on them, and completely ignore the
               | axioms of the natural numbers. This model is way better
               | than others for certain problems. However, you now have a
               | new set of axioms.. and oh yeah, actually the most
               | obvious ones are completely self-contradictory, so you'll
               | need to choose Zermelo-Frankel or something else.
               | 
               | Or if you want to be even more general, you can simply
               | talk about the lambda calculus, but good luck trying to
               | 'prove' the lamba calculus theorems in itself, because
               | you'll quickly hit the halting problem.
               | 
               | Of course you can then say... well let's get rid of that
               | and use the typed lambda calculus, but then oh yeah you
               | can't do anything interesting. Why are these choices
               | made? Can the choices be justified in the systems
               | themselves? No of course not. The idea that you can use
               | 'logic' to derive these systems is also ridiculous
               | because formal logic is itself a system with axiom (and a
               | very controversial system at that).
               | 
               | But if you look at the lambda calculus, ZF set theory,
               | and the natural numbers as simply models and systems that
               | are sometimes useful, then it makes sense as to 'why'.
               | But the 'why' exists independent of them and is not
               | provable in them and is social and cultural in nature. It
               | is certainly not mathematical as in order to 'do
               | mathematics' (symbolic manipulations) you first need
               | axioms.
               | 
               | Mathematics education in this country has been replaced
               | by rote dogmatism which is why many Americans cannot
               | handle this ambiguity.
               | 
               | What must be explained is that mathematics is a language
               | and in order to communicate with other educated humans
               | about these abstract concepts it behooves everyone to
               | speak the same language. It is the same reason the word
               | for 'dog' in English is taught as being spelled D-O-G.
               | There is no why behind it. It's just the result of
               | thousands of years of culture. Except mathematics is a
               | more global language and more useful for different kinds
               | of manipulations.
        
               | horsawlarway wrote:
               | Again - correct but misguided in the general sense.
               | 
               | > It is the same reason the word for 'dog' in English is
               | taught as being spelled D-O-G. There is no why behind it.
               | 
               | I agree with you completely, but I think you're guilty of
               | speaking the wrong language in response to the question
               | (and it would behoove you to consider it from the
               | perspective of someone outside the field).
               | 
               | The question "Why" in maths almost always gets asked by
               | someone new to the field, and they are not asking from a
               | mathematical perspective - They are _not_ asking you for
               | a formal /provable "why", they're asking you what is the
               | _utility_ of learning this thing.
               | 
               | So lets go back to D-O-G. The utility is clear - I have
               | this hairy, 4 legged animal that keeps licking me that
               | I'd like to discuss with you. We can agree that D-O-G (or
               | perro, or gae) refers to it.
               | 
               | But with math, SO MANY PEOPLE (especially those
               | established in the field) jump right into the "Here are
               | the rules of this system of math" without ever taking the
               | time to talk about why someone might give a flying fuck.
               | 
               | It would be like me going and making up my own language
               | and forcing you to learn it. No one else speaks it, it's
               | got no books/literature/history, there are no works of
               | art that reference it - it's literally the language this
               | random person made up that serves _ZERO_ purpose except
               | for talking to that person.
               | 
               | No wonder so many kids don't like math!
               | 
               | Instead you need to explicitly _start_ with the utility
               | of math - ideally in ways that are entertaining and fun.
               | Once a person has an application for some of the rules,
               | they become SO MUCH MORE INTERESTING! Suddenly I care
               | about why this rule might impact that rule over there, or
               | why A and Z are related, or what sin /cos/tan mean.
               | 
               | Basically - sell me on the value proposition of your
               | fucked up whacky language - That's what "why" is asking.
               | Once you know those rules do something useful, it becomes
               | a much more engaging field of study.
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | You are correct, but this explanation is cultural and
               | sociological, not logical.
               | 
               | We must _motivate_ math, absolutely. And to do so in my
               | opinion starts with socratic questioning. You must
               | convince the student that such an inquiry is even
               | worthwhile.
               | 
               | One thing I'll point out is that we're not just seeing
               | this in math. We see it in every field. More and more
               | kids every year are insisting ( and their teachers are
               | agreeing) that we can do away with inquiries into the
               | English language and the humanities as well. There is a
               | small, but continuing, effort to remove the knowledge of
               | English masters like shakespeare and classic philosophers
               | and treatises from the curriculum.
               | 
               | As a whole, American schooling fails to motivate learning
               | of any kind. Math was the first victim, but the other
               | subjects are also failing.
        
               | horsawlarway wrote:
               | Sure, but we're in a thread talking about why some folks
               | are choosing to send kids to "Russian" style maths
               | teachers.
               | 
               | The whole discussion is from the perspective of the
               | cultural and sociological.
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | As an aside, I generally agree with you about american
               | schooling. I think it's less a concerted effort, and more
               | a sad reality of the fact that modern schools have
               | essentially become federally funded child care in the US.
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | > federally funded child care in the US.
               | 
               | Indeed... As my mother was told by her principal in her
               | inner city school for poor minority kids... "We're just
               | here to watch them until they go to prison".
        
               | horsawlarway wrote:
               | I find this answer to be true, but misguided. In
               | particular, this type of answer was the exact thing that
               | turned me off of math for _YEARS_.
               | 
               | Maths _DO_ have a why - We needed way to describe and
               | model the world around us, and math was a requirement to
               | do that.
               | 
               | Now - once the model and rules are put in place - Fine,
               | you can bugger off and be as self-referential and
               | contained as you'd like - "There is no why!"...
               | 
               | But lets be clear - there _ABSOLUTELY_ is a why, and the
               | second the world around you no longer matches the model
               | of your maths, we start debating whether or not to throw
               | the thing in the trash and make new rules (see set theory
               | as the classic example...)
        
             | zsmi wrote:
             | I used to suffer from the lack of "why" too until one day
             | it dawned on me that there really isn't a why, or maybe,
             | the why is always the same: for engineers doing classical
             | physics solving problems by hand, it's convenient to define
             | it that way. No more, no less.
             | 
             | When I was a math tutor in school, everyone would complain
             | about lack of why. This was my approach to address the
             | issue. I would describe a problem relevant to the class,
             | say something like find the angle between two vectors, and
             | ask them to think of a general way to do it. Usually this
             | require some help from me but the solution was always
             | "theirs". Then we would play with their solution: find
             | corner cases, figure out which operations broke, develop a
             | couple of theorems with it. Then I would show them the dot
             | product, and a couple of its tricks (a.k.a. theorems), and
             | they would get a good appreciation for why the dot product
             | works the ways it does. And that's the why and the reason
             | it stuck. It's useful way to solve a common problem. There
             | is no magic or deep philosophical truth.
             | 
             | The problem is this teaching style works with a dialog to a
             | few number of students. I am not sure how well it would
             | work in a lecture setting. It was also not so easy on me as
             | I would be the person who had to spot the problems in their
             | definition, basically on the spot, and lead them to it on
             | their own without revealing the answer. With basic things
             | like a dot product it's pretty easy to know where to look
             | (i.e. is their definition commutative, pretty much never)
             | and finding issues and nudging them too it wasn't too hard.
             | But it's likely hard to scale things like this on many
             | metrics.
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | The problem with asking teachers to think on the spot is
               | that teachers in America are especially dumb: https://www
               | .forbes.com/sites/nataliewexler/2019/03/13/why-so...
               | 
               | My mother was a public school teacher.
               | 
               | She passed her test on the first try, which was extremely
               | rare at her school. She was taught in India, and became
               | an American teacher as an older woman. She was an
               | outlier. She graduated from a major public teaching
               | program in our state of California (CSU Fullerton).
               | 
               | Most teachers fail their tests on the first try. This is
               | not advanced calculus... this is elementary mathematics
               | and reading.
               | 
               | The issue is that accolades in the education department
               | do not translate to results. The state creates a monopoly
               | on teaching via its certification process, with means
               | education departments are guaranteed funding regardless
               | of their results, given that once you have the
               | credential, you're considered 'equal' to other teachers.
               | 
               | Despite my mother doing very well on her tests, she was
               | fired and not granted tenure because she didn't follow
               | her principal's teaching methodology. Even though her
               | students were passing their own exams at higher rates and
               | doing better (And of course my mother taught two boys who
               | went on to make careers in science and mathematics), she
               | was fired for not following the failing methodology.
               | 
               | This is what is wrong with American schooling. It's a
               | race to the bottom and the teachers have no idea what's
               | actual achievement because they've never achieved basic
               | elementary schooling, much less seen it in others.
               | 
               | Here are example questions:
               | https://www.mometrix.com/academy/praxis-math-practice-
               | test/
               | 
               | These are _not_ difficult, at all.
               | 
               | EDIT: in some ways america is doomed by its own success,
               | in that, for those who can actually do math, reading, and
               | writing, there are significantly more lucrative fields
               | than teaching. Unfortunately, since teachers can't teach
               | those skills, it's really a new aristocracy formed by
               | parents who do know those skills passing them on to
               | children.
        
               | avmich wrote:
               | So the haves spend money on education of their kids, and
               | have-nots can't do that, relying on public schools which
               | don't perform, and the possibilities gap is widening.
               | Structural problem.
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | Absolutely! A major structural problem.
        
           | BoxOfRain wrote:
           | My British state education really did feel like "memorise
           | just enough to jump through these arbitrary hoops which keep
           | the government off our backs" sometimes. It's _very_ exam-
           | driven rather than learning for its own sake and apparently
           | it 's got even worse since schools started transitioning to
           | academies and Gove's reforms took effect.
        
             | cabalamat wrote:
             | One fix for this is to have exam questions such that you
             | cannot pass them unless you have true understanding rather
             | than rote memorisation.
        
               | nicoburns wrote:
               | That's one part of the equation, but it only works if you
               | have teachers and a curriculum that are capable of
               | imparting that understanding.
        
               | fiftyacorn wrote:
               | Normally the curriculum was split between knowledge and
               | understanding, and problem solving. You could memorize
               | the first part and not the second part. The problem
               | solving sorted out who got the grades
        
         | ilikeatari wrote:
         | I also had a similar experience both on the US and Polish side.
         | The US math exercises that I experienced through my niece were
         | really much more focused on reading comprehension, but almost
         | hoping that the student trips up. Maybe its because I am not a
         | native speaker, but this seemed to be not constructive to the
         | task at hand.
        
         | dartharva wrote:
         | That sounds wonderful! As a product of Indian education (that
         | prioritizes rote learning), I wish I had been subjected to such
         | a school, maybe then I (and majority of other kids) wouldn't
         | have fallen out of learning math like we did.
        
         | bordercases wrote:
         | What characterizes the French?
        
         | janeroe wrote:
         | I had a chance to compare the systems, too but my conclusions
         | are completely different. Teachers at the physics/math lyceum I
         | studied at were emotionally unstable psychopaths with mood
         | swings. They could switch from calm "kids, if you don't
         | understand something, please, don't hesitate to ask" to the
         | screaming at the top of their lungs of "are you a stupid
         | imbecile? what a moron you're to ask that" just a minute later.
         | 
         | It was all about rote memorization. Rules, theorems, axioms.
         | Not just the way to prove or principle behind, but the textual
         | representation (to the teacher's liking) word-to-word. Of
         | course, there was a division of students into multiple groups,
         | and those with important parents had an easier time. Any of
         | their bullshit was always graded as "A". But those actively
         | disliked could get "F" for a perfect work. A dot at the end of
         | the sentence is missing? "Go back to the kindergarten where you
         | belong". Something is crossed? "What is it, a toilet paper? Go
         | use it for wiping your ass" (they could tear it apart in front
         | of you). So, the representation/look of the work always came
         | first. A teacher was a lawyer, prosecutor, and a judge at the
         | same time (just what some Americans wish to have as a state):
         | you don't like something, go f___ yourself.
         | 
         | The textbooks. If you compare the best Soviet ones with some
         | average American, you can come to the conclusion that Soviet
         | are so good ("exercises are something to behold", "high quality
         | in their expression", etc). But the best American books
         | wouldn't give a single chance to the Soviet ones. In fact, even
         | some Russian Empire textbooks so much better than Soviet (not
         | to mention Russian), they are getting popular among parents for
         | homeschooling (schools can't use books unauthorized by the
         | ministry of education). The best American and pre-Soviet
         | textbooks are born out of lectures, author's personal
         | experience with students. Soviet authors are disinterested
         | observers who don't care. Textbooks, apparently, were the
         | product of central planning like process (so they were getting
         | worse and worse, the further they went from Russian Empire
         | epoch).
         | 
         | And finally, a thing that really deeply touched me at a western
         | University. A teacher when asked a question once said "I don't
         | know, I have to check it". Holly f... Someone who openly
         | admitted they don't know something, no freaking way! Back at
         | the lyceum it would be "Shut your mouth with your stupid
         | question, we don't have time for that". Then she would find the
         | answer and during the next class say something like "now when
         | we have a few minutes, I'll do you a favor, here is the
         | answer... What a moron you're not to be able to conceive this
         | yourself".
        
           | filoleg wrote:
           | I was about to reply with something like this, so thank you
           | for posting it. I don't know where the top level grandparent
           | comment comes from, but your experience matches mine almost
           | 1:1 (except I went to school in russia between 2001-2010, so
           | hardly soviet anymore, and then finished up high
           | school+college in the US). Something to keep in mind: my
           | school in Russia wasn't just a random school, but a
           | physics+math focused gymnasium, one of the best public
           | schools in the city. I am shuddering to even think what it
           | was like at less well off schools.
           | 
           | Everything was about rote memorization, to the level i
           | couldn't imagine in the US. Physics? Nope, memorize
           | everything, you don't need to understand why or how formulas
           | relate to each other or what they mean. Math? Nope, no need
           | to understand logic behind anything, just memorize the
           | formulas. Even with something like programming, we had to
           | memorize bubble sort in TurboPascal, without the algorithm
           | ever explained at a higher/pseudocode level (it was
           | introduced in TurboPascal right off the bat and you had to
           | memorize it line by line, I wish I was kidding; we were
           | graded on how line-by-line it matched the given solution, not
           | on whether the implementation actually worked/was valid). It
           | was pain, I barely learned anything, and was convinced that I
           | am destined to never do well in physics, thinking "this was
           | just not for me, i am not smart enough to get it".
           | 
           | Then we moved to the US, and I felt like my eyes were opened.
           | Physics were explained from bottom up, from actual phenomena
           | and how they worked, and formulas were just a glue connecting
           | those phenomena and their interactions together. There was
           | zero actual need to waste time memorizing those formulas,
           | despite formula sheets not being allowed on the exams,
           | because they actually explained the logic/reasoning behind it
           | all, so it was no issue at all to simply derive those
           | formulas on your own during the exam.
           | 
           | Same happened with math and programming. I actually finally
           | understood what I was doing, rather than robotically
           | recalling appropriate strings to put on paper from memory.
           | 
           | In the russian school I went to, logic didn't matter, only
           | correct answers. For a specific example, in every single
           | physics course I ever took in the Russia, if you got the
           | calculation wrong for one small part of the problem (which
           | propagated to the final answer being incorrect), but you got
           | the rest of it right, you get 0% for that problem. While in
           | the US high school/college, I could even omit a small part of
           | the problem that I didn't know how to solve, put a
           | placeholder number there, and then solve the rest of the
           | problem correctly, and I will get points for the parts I got
           | right. Which makes sense, because if I forgot how to solve
           | one out of many subproblems, but know the rest perfectly, or
           | if I miscalculated a single variable, i just lose points for
           | that portion. It isn't "all or nothing, the only thing that
           | matters is the final answer." I get part of the reason the
           | "all or nothing" system was done in my russian school, it
           | makes grading much easier. But it also introduces tons of
           | both false positives and false negatives. You know how to
           | solve everything, but screwed up one small calculation? No
           | points for the problem. Oh, you got the right answer at the
           | end and wrote a bunch of gibberish to "get" to that answer
           | (because you just copied the answer from someone else without
           | knowing how to solve it at all)? Well, you got the answer
           | right, so we will give you almost all the points. Cheating
           | was off the charts. And that is at one of the most
           | "prestigious" and highly ranked specialized gymnasium
           | schools.
           | 
           | Of course, high school in the US still had plenty of
           | memorization, but not even close to 100% like it was in
           | Russia for me. And once US college hit me, it became even
           | better.
           | 
           | >A teacher when asked a question once said "I don't know, I
           | have to check it". Holly f... Someone who openly admitted
           | they don't know something, no freaking way!
           | 
           | This, so much. Professors/teachers behaving like humans
           | instead of "even if i was wrong, I am marking you down
           | because you argued with the teacher, and the teacher is
           | always right", that was incredible for me.
           | 
           | P.S. sorry for the long rant, but it bottled up, especially
           | after seeing comments proclaiming the exact opposite of what
           | I, and every single person I know in real life who went to
           | high school/university in Russia, have experienced. Oh, and
           | no comment on "Russian schools in the US" (as I feel like
           | they could indeed be great, but the "russian" part of them is
           | imo just a marketing trick), as that's a very different beast
           | that I have zero experience with. I was talking only about
           | Russian schools in Russia.
        
           | culebron21 wrote:
           | Same impression from me, I studied in 1988-1999.
           | 
           | Math was boring as hell. Worse was only literature with
           | essays.
           | 
           | Except that at lyceum we did have good teachers who could
           | admit they didn't know, and the physics teacher did anti-
           | test, where we could pose him a (correct) problem and if he
           | couldn't find the answer, he added +1 to quarter mark, which
           | was a great bonus.
        
         | tjchear wrote:
         | Any books you can recommend that are similar to the Soviet Math
         | textbooks you talked about?
        
         | OnlyOneCannolo wrote:
         | Do you happen to remember any specific textbook? I'd be
         | interested to see an example, assuming that they're still
         | available in some format.
        
         | filoleg wrote:
         | My take on your list of advantages of soviet math/physics
         | approach is mixed.
         | 
         | Fully agreed with you on the rigor regarding notation, really
         | good progression of teaching (pacing and order in which the
         | material is introduced), and soviet math textbook exercises
         | being well thought-out and entertaining.
         | 
         | Very much disagreed on the rest, as my main personal gripe with
         | learning math+physics in Russia was that there was zero
         | emphasis placed on understanding of principles and logic and
         | 100% on memorization. I spent 3 years taking physics classes
         | there, and I learned effectively nothing, having to relearn it
         | from scratch in the US. And that was the moment where I truly
         | felt I understood what was going on, instead of treating
         | physics as just another memorization exercise for a variety of
         | random unrelated formulas. Similar with math, but to a lesser
         | degree, because with math I was personally invested and was
         | trying to understand the material rather than memorize, despite
         | it hurting my grades in Russia greatly.
        
           | portpecos wrote:
           | > - teachers are astute at spotting students who memorize
           | blindly, and will intervene to correct that
           | 
           | > 100% on memorization
           | 
           | OP says it's not 100% memorization and you say it's 100%
           | memorization. So which one is it?
        
             | filoleg wrote:
             | That's why I posted my previous reply, despite me being in
             | strong opposition of the "argue anecdata with your own
             | anecdata" approach in discussions. But I couldn't resist
             | replying, because all of my 9 years of experience in
             | Russian educational system were the opposite of what OP
             | claims in terms of memorization, and so were those of every
             | single person I know in real life who went through that
             | system (in other schools in Russia, not just from mine,
             | obviously). Coworkers of mine (who went to Soviet schools a
             | decade or two before I was even born) echoed the same
             | sentiment in discussions on the topic, with the halfway sad
             | "some things never change there, huh" sentiment.
             | 
             | Would have been less surprising if my school was doing
             | poorly in rankings and such, but it was quite the opposite.
             | 
             | Of course, all my claims here are anecdata, but it just
             | feels like something is off when the fantastic utopian
             | description of how "soviet math" education works just runs
             | counter to every single lived experience I had, as well as
             | that of everyone I know in real life. Especially given that
             | experiences of some of those people in real life I mention
             | were separated from mine by both decades and geography
             | (some did school in Moscow, others in smaller towns, some
             | in soviet ukraine, etc.).
        
             | xvector wrote:
             | > So which one is it?
             | 
             | It's the grass being greener on the other side.
        
             | mantas wrote:
             | Being schooled in post-Soviet 90s/00s...
             | 
             | Overall both class and teachers didn't like memorizers. On
             | the other hand, it was possible to pass pretty well by
             | memorizing. Sometimes teachers would put in random bits in
             | tests to throw off memorizers. Sometimes it worked,
             | sometimes it didn't. All in all, memorizing and actual
             | learning lived side by side.
             | 
             | The main difference from what West looks like, the Soviet-
             | ish system was designed for failure. For me it looks very
             | weird when lots and lots of people get best grades. I was
             | raised that 10 (out of 10) is rare perfection. 9 is great.
             | 7-8 is fine. Even 5-6 is ok if you ain't interested in a
             | given subject. Not everybody is super smart, not everybody
             | is passing school with perfect grades. And that's perfectly
             | fine.
             | 
             | Unfortunately a couple decades later our education system
             | is westernized and everybody DESERVES best grades. And the
             | system is bending over.
        
               | filoleg wrote:
               | >Overall both class and teachers didn't like memorizers.
               | On the other hand, it was possible to pass pretty well by
               | memorizing. Sometimes teachers would put in random bits
               | in tests to throw off memorizers. Sometimes it worked,
               | sometimes it didn't. All in all, memorizing and actual
               | learning lived side by side.
               | 
               | I find it hard to believe, given my personal experiences
               | and the fact that having to memorize a poem or a short
               | story and then having to get up in front of the class to
               | recite it word for word for a grade was an extremely
               | common recurring homework assignment in literature
               | classes in my Russian school (from elementary to high
               | school).
               | 
               | Extra details about that type of a homework assignment
               | for those curious: they cannot call up every student due
               | to time constraints for each class period, so for every
               | such assignment, only about half the students get called
               | up (for some specific works that are "more important",
               | they might call up everyone, but over 2 class periods;
               | that was extremely rare though). But those assignments
               | were so ubiquitous, you essentially got called up to the
               | whiteboard to recite at least once every week or two.
        
               | mantas wrote:
               | We had those literature assignments as well. But in 12
               | years that happened a couple times most. Now don't get me
               | started on literature writing assignment that are
               | strongly advised to start in certain ways and it's best
               | to just memorise the beginning off examples and just
               | change few words....
        
               | filoleg wrote:
               | Interesting to hear about an experience that's pretty
               | much the same as mine, but rebalanced differently.
               | 
               | For us, writing was the same way as yours ("strongly
               | advised to start in certain ways and it's best to just
               | memorise the beginning off examples and just change few
               | words"), but it only happened a few times at most, and
               | more towards the latter years, while reciting stuff in
               | lit classes was the norm the entire time.
               | 
               | And now I am starting to recall another type of
               | assignments going until late middle school, where we had
               | to write passages from textbooks in cursive in our
               | "homework notebooks", mostly with small changes. Like
               | "here is this 1000 word passage in the textbook written
               | from the first perspective, rewrite it from the third
               | perspective in pen". Made a typo? Well, restart, because
               | while a couple of edits won't take much off your final
               | score, any more than that makes a full restart a more
               | worthy option (because it was required to use pen for
               | those instead of a pencil; more diligent students who
               | didn't wanna bet on getting it right on the first try,
               | they did it first with a pencil and then traced it and
               | erased the pencil). Another evening spent rewriting the
               | same dull passage multiple times by hand in pen.
        
               | mantas wrote:
               | On the other hand, how do teach someone handwriting
               | skills? Writing down a passage is better than random
               | blabery IMO. I'll take the must dull passage any day over
               | several pages of synthetic exercises.
               | 
               | For the record - my handwriting sucks.
        
               | filoleg wrote:
               | >On the other hand, how do teach someone handwriting
               | skills? Writing down a passage is better than random
               | blabery IMO
               | 
               | I agree, however, doing it way past elementary school
               | seems like a solid way of wasting time. When you are
               | trying to learn writing or you are in elementary school,
               | sure. But spending hours upon hours rewriting long
               | passages multiple times due to random non-editable typos
               | in late middle school felt mind-numbing and downright
               | awful.
               | 
               | And of course, as you progressed in grades, less
               | attention of graders was focused on the actual
               | handwriting quality, with passages getting longer and
               | more convoluted, so the handwriting tended to degrade the
               | further you got in your elementary/middle/high school
               | education. Not even mentioning what happened to it after
               | high school, because by then (unless your handwriting was
               | completely unreadable) no one cared.
               | 
               | And no, it didn't help in the long-term with handwriting
               | at all. None of the adults tend to have textbook-good
               | handwriting, it would barely even get a passing score in
               | the best scenario (and that would be an exception). And
               | just like in western countries, let's not even mention
               | doctors' handwriting (but that's completely irrelevant to
               | my point).
        
               | rudnevr wrote:
               | I backup the original claim.
               | 
               | I've been in several provincial schools in 1990s, good
               | and bad, and we've always had strong anti-memorizing
               | sentiment in math classes, despite in literature classes
               | memorizing was mandatory.
               | 
               | Both make perfect sense.
               | 
               | Now I heard it's turning more to the Western model,
               | though.
        
         | bulka wrote:
         | Anecdotal, but still: What you have described might have been
         | the case in a handful of top schools, mostly at metropolitan
         | areas. The key difference for the "rest of us" was a high
         | school theacher who would pick top 1-2 pupils after couple of
         | lessons and teach at their pace for the rest of the year. This
         | is my case and the story that was confirmed by dozens of people
         | in my university.
        
         | sologoub wrote:
         | That's very insightful - when I switched to US high school, the
         | approach to math was baffling - everyone had programmable
         | graphing calculators, whereas I wasn't allowed any calculator
         | at all, and took a lot longer to solve the most basic problems.
         | Most questions were answered by the teacher as "it's a formula,
         | you follow it and memorize it" (which sounded ridiculous to me
         | for the exact reasons above - I was taught to understand the
         | basis first, then the applications).
        
           | zeku wrote:
           | Thankfully for me, my college Calculus professor(in USA)
           | banned calculators for Calc 1 and 2(the two required Calc
           | classes for a computer science degree at my public
           | university).
           | 
           | He was heavily avoided by many and "special" for doing so. I
           | found it easier to forego the calculator as it allowed us to
           | focus on methods and how/why over just moving large numbers
           | around.
        
           | starkd wrote:
           | I never understood why graphing calculators were required for
           | basic calculus or math courses. Always wondered if it was
           | part of a marketing deal with the company that manufactured
           | them. The course is said to require a particular make and
           | model of graphing calculator.
        
             | Isthatablackgsd wrote:
             | I believe it is more of a standardization of knowledge when
             | picking the tool for mathematics. TI-83 calculator is
             | common and easily to have all the students to use the same
             | calculator and provides various approach of how to solve
             | it. If one student is a outlier (like using HP calculator),
             | then it could be an issue since the instructor only have
             | the knowledge of using TI-83 (or its variants), the
             | instructor couldn't help that student since HP and other
             | graphic calculators have different inputs, layouts, etc.
             | 
             | And not everyone is good at solving math alone without the
             | aid of the calculator. Some people simply can't solve
             | mathematics at all, maybe up to multiplication/division
             | level is the best they can do. I am not good with
             | mathematics myself and struggles with some advanced
             | algebra. It is not the matter of trying to solve, it is
             | matter of memorization of mathematics formula and equations
             | that US Education drilled down so hard which is ironic when
             | they said that calculators are forbidden to use during the
             | exam while they are encouraging to use the calculators in
             | class and homework... Their pedagogy is fucked and
             | hypocritical.
        
               | sologoub wrote:
               | Sorry you had such an experience! There really is a lot
               | to unpack here.
               | 
               | As the article describes, memorization of "formulas"
               | doesn't actually work for my students and leaves those
               | that it "worked" disadvantaged in future learning.
               | 
               | My personal guess is the "not being good at math"
               | originates from this, at least in part. It's a confidence
               | killer for sure that on one had you are being forced to
               | do something unnatural (memorize weird looking formulas)
               | and on the other give a somewhat easy, yet demeaning, way
               | out by saying "it's ok, you are just not good at math".
               | 
               | The calculator to study and no calculator for the test is
               | even more ridiculous - students are put in a high
               | pressure situation without the very tool/crutch they came
               | to rely upon. If anything, the inverse might make more
               | sense - homework you have a lot more time and less
               | pressure, so try working it out on paper. Test is timed,
               | so it's ok to use a calculator aid, so long as you show
               | your work.
        
               | Isthatablackgsd wrote:
               | > My personal guess is the "not being good at math"
               | originates from this, at least in part. It's a confidence
               | killer for sure that on one had you are being forced to
               | do something unnatural (memorize weird looking formulas)
               | and on the other give a somewhat easy, yet demeaning, way
               | out by saying "it's ok, you are just not good at math".
               | 
               | Honestly, it is more direct at the instructors instead of
               | the mathematics itself. I am not good with math because
               | of the instructors' pedagogy. Honestly, I do like math
               | and enjoy doing it (Khan's Academy helps a lot!). It is
               | their approach with mathematics is the issue. Their
               | pedagogy are not standardized enough to have consistency
               | with each level of mathematics. There are instructors who
               | dismissed their student's previous instructor because
               | their former instructor gave them the shortcut or a
               | shorter method while the new instructor are doing the
               | same thing. Now you have a student who have a jumbled
               | information of mathematics and that is difficult for the
               | student to be able to relearn a new information while
               | they can't erase/forget the previous method.
               | 
               | Also I am curious why it is difficult for instructor to
               | explain HOW and WHY that solution is the correct answer?
               | It is like they don't want to teach the concept of
               | mathematics which is vital for critical thinking, IMO.
               | When I asked the instructor of this question (this is in
               | college), their answers is "It is the way I was taught in
               | school" and I felt that is dismissive and hand-waving
               | away the question.
               | 
               | Instructors are not entirely at fault because they also
               | received the similar education in the past as we do. The
               | mathematics pedagogy and the curriculum need a massive
               | restructuring and cohesive way to teach the students to
               | ensure that the students can use the previous knowledge
               | to the next level of mathematics for consistency without
               | changing or influencing the students to forget
               | everything.
        
               | sologoub wrote:
               | Like most things there probably is more than one cause,
               | and I suspect a pretty big one is around compound effect
               | of instructors having poor instruction themselves and
               | then having to admit that they themselves don't really
               | know the subject.
        
             | pjlegato wrote:
             | It is more or less exactly this. Texas Instruments invests
             | in extensive marketing aimed at teachers, school districts,
             | and university math departments. They get a lot of free
             | teacher training and materials centered around TI
             | calculators, to induce them to require all new students to
             | buy a $100+ Texas Instruments graphing calculator every
             | year.
             | 
             | - https://gen.medium.com/big-calculator-how-texas-
             | instruments-...
             | 
             | - https://www.google.com/search?q=texas+instruments+marketi
             | ng+...
        
         | ksd482 wrote:
         | As I was reading the summary, I was thinking "well, of course
         | -- that makes sense. Any teaching curriculum has got to be like
         | that so what is so special about Russian math curriculum?".
         | 
         | Then I read in other comments about US math curriculum and I
         | was shocked to learn that not only they were NOT doing this,
         | but they didn't have a better alternative. This is mind
         | boggling. It seems almost idiotic.
         | 
         | My schooling was done in India. Our curriculum was quite well
         | planned, but what is laid out here is the methodology of
         | teaching in addition to the curriculum and textbooks. And that
         | depended on teacher to teacher and school to school. But
         | nonetheless, the textbooks were very well written so everyone
         | got exposure to pretty much the same level of teaching styles,
         | more or less.
         | 
         | When I came to US in college, I was surprised to learn that
         | people didn't know basic techniques and tricks for algebraic
         | manipulations. Of course, we were taught the basics and whys
         | behind every trick but emphasis was also given to internalizing
         | these tricks for quick computation by hand. This, in my
         | opinion, is important because these tricks also become your
         | mental models when thinking about math. And quick tricks would
         | lead to quick thinking, roughly speaking.
        
           | lumost wrote:
           | It wouldn't be an exaggeration to state that most Americans
           | experience k-12 math as an exercise in memorization. Even
           | relatively simple algebraic manipulation such as quadratic
           | equations are drilled for factorization first.
        
             | jdgoesmarching wrote:
             | Yep, it's like teaching someone how to cook by quizzing
             | them on recipes. I didn't understand the purpose of
             | calculus until grad school despite having "learned" it
             | several times by that point.
        
               | jacobolus wrote:
               | If anyone wants a book focusing on the _purpose_ of
               | calculus, check out
               | http://www.math.smith.edu/~callahan/intromine.html
               | 
               | This is significantly different style from Russian
               | textbooks. If you want a nice one of those translated
               | into English (albeit not the easiest to find a paper copy
               | of), I like Piskunov's book.
               | https://archive.org/details/n.-piskunov-differential-and-
               | int...
        
         | cabalamat wrote:
         | The focus on _understanding_ rather than on rote memorization
         | of methods, is paramount.
        
       | darepublic wrote:
       | In grade 8 my teacher basically said they don't do math, gave the
       | students a speech about how you can succeed in life without math,
       | and then declined to teach any math except for handing out a set
       | of math puzzle magazines one time in the middle of the year.
        
       | pattisapu wrote:
       | Reminds me of stories I used to see about Japanese families
       | sending their kids to "Indian" schools:
       | 
       | https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/02/business/worldbusiness/02...
        
       | m23khan wrote:
       | In my experience and opinion about studying till High school and
       | then University here in Ontario, Canada:
       | 
       | - Canada seems to be obsessed to maintain high-stats. when it
       | comes to 'literacy rate' - that is why till Grade 12, education
       | is intentionally dumbed-down to the point any kid could just do
       | bare minimum and still pass. Even if the kid is dumb-as-bricks,
       | they can choose to do watered down versions of maths, physics,
       | chemistry and still complete their High School Diploma
       | requirements.
       | 
       | - However, as soon as you enroll into STEM program at University,
       | it is on-par in terms of difficulty with their counterparts
       | elsewhere. What was a easy-peasy style of mathematics taught in
       | Canadian High School makes way to the old 'no-calculator and
       | Professors don't help' style engineering calculus and maths.
       | 
       | This is where I found students who had studied even in 3rd World
       | countries like Pakistan and Eritrea (I kid you not) had advantage
       | in math and science courses throughout their degree program.
       | Heck, it took me few tries to get into the groove but in process
       | wasted 1000s of dollars and couple years trying to retake the
       | courses.
       | 
       | The severe downside is that if your kid has above-average
       | intelligence (as it was in my case) and if they join the Canadian
       | education system at young age (in my case at age 13), by the time
       | majority of these kids become adults, majority of them (as in my
       | case) permanently loose their spark and thus get destined to
       | think only inside the box.
       | 
       | I don't want to rant but another thing I notice is the leniency
       | showed by Canadian Education system when it comes to the whole
       | 'culture' in K-12 years. It is hands down meant to destroy bright
       | minds / make them outcasts. The whole toxic culture of labelling
       | those who are intelligent and/or less fashionable as
       | nerds/geeks/dorks and nonsensical encouragement for sports and
       | arts activities ends up alienating majority of smart kids and
       | many just intentionally dumb themselves down to blend in with
       | their peers.
       | 
       | Had the Canadian education system taken leaf from countries like
       | Singapore/India/Pakistan/Iran/Russia/China and actually made
       | efforts to academically grind their students and to promote
       | discipline (with uniforms and academic competitions leading to
       | glory) - Canada would be producing far more intelligent adults.
       | The current status is: Canada manages to 'import' bright and
       | gifted scientists / university students from all corners of the
       | World and is happy to grant them passports and claim 'Canadians
       | are damn smart' -- what really is smart if you can take army of
       | Canadian children and ensure they are smart-as-heck when they
       | become adults.
        
       | xyzelement wrote:
       | I was born in the USSR but was in New York for Jr Highschool and
       | Highschool. Whenever my dad saw the math curriculum he assumed I
       | was in some sort of "slow program" - he could not believe that
       | the mainstream program is that un-challenging.
       | 
       | I bet there's a lot of factors to why curriculum gets watered
       | down but I do think recent focus on how kids feel about school,
       | self-esteem, safe spaces, etc goes against hard-core curricula.
       | 
       | When you learn for real (and this extends to adults as well) you
       | are confronted with things you don't know how to do, and you have
       | to bang against them for a while to solve them and learn. That
       | feeling of "wait, maybe I can't do this / I don't get it" is a
       | negative one. And it does create a situation where some
       | percentage of kids can't hack it, so they are excluded/left
       | behind.
       | 
       | I think as a culture we've been making the choice to teach/do
       | easy things that everyone can participate in, rather than do
       | challenging things that will force some people to grow more while
       | leaving some behind. It's not a choice I agree with but I guess I
       | can follow the zeitgeist and logic of it for a certain extent.
       | It's the same as NYC, SF and other cities getting rid of the
       | specialized schools with entrance exams. Since some people can't
       | hack it, it's an exclusionary approach and therefore getting rid
       | of the exams on one hand equalizes access on the other hand
       | waters down the standards.
       | 
       | I do think there will be unintended but obvious consequences as
       | we're seeing in this story: parents who know better, who want the
       | best for their kids will invest in tutors, private schools, etc
       | that challenge their kids when the mainstream schools do not. The
       | effect will be that _within_ the school system, everyone is doing
       | easy things that everyone can do, but in _outcome space_ there
       | will be a larger gap between kids of parents who care /can afford
       | something beyond public school and those who cannot. In the long
       | run, this will cause greater inequality because there will be
       | come percentage of kids whose parents can't give them a leg up
       | that would have risen to the challenge in a tougher curriculum
       | but now will not have a chance to do so.
       | 
       | In my eye this is unfortunate both because we're creating a less
       | educated populace and a less confident one. The idea of being
       | brave and confident means you take on a challenge knowing you
       | have a good shot of eventually overcoming it. This holds at
       | school and it holds in the work place. I am not sure how many
       | people who never had their ass kicked (for a while) by school
       | work and then had the experience of "getting it" will then come
       | into a work situation and be able to "stretch" by taking on work
       | they don't quite know how to do _yet._ Not the path I am chasing
       | for my kid.
        
       | atemerev wrote:
       | Here are the "Arnold's problems" -- which every Russian kid even
       | slightly mathematically inclined have seen and worked on many
       | times:
       | https://www.imaginary.org/sites/default/files/taskbook_arnol....
       | It is really good, in my opinion.
        
       | g9yuayon wrote:
       | I used to think that the K12 math education was really bad, but
       | now I have a different perspective. Many public schools in China
       | and Russia are essentially like magnet schools in the US because
       | students need to compete for entrance. So, those schools can
       | afford more challenging syllabus. In contrast, the US has few
       | such magnet schools, and people of different academic capacity go
       | into the same school. As a result, teachers can't really teach
       | too advanced concepts or assign too hard homework. This may sound
       | far-fetched, but you may be surprised that more than 50% of
       | students may never be able to understand Euclidean geometry, let
       | alone analytical geometry or set theory or probability or proof
       | by induction, and etc. And more than 50% of STEM students in
       | college may not truly understand calculus, let alone analysis.
       | Case in point, roughly 50% of middle school students can't get
       | into high school in China, even though the entrance exams are
       | really not that hard as most of the questions are designed to
       | examine a student's understanding of basic concepts. Therefore,
       | we may look at the quality of the math class in the US and feel
       | miserable, but that's only because the class is tailored to the
       | lower 50%-ile. On the other hand, the clubs and gift programs in
       | public schools are still of high quality -- all the more reason
       | for not canceling such programs in the name of equity.
        
         | Notanothertoo wrote:
         | Maybe we should address the downgrade in education quality in
         | the name equitable.
        
       | failuser wrote:
       | Also the number of people who need advanced math is so small in
       | USA, so it's more of a hobby than education. And people who need
       | advanced math need more probability theory and statistics than
       | calculus. In China, on the other hand... I might be
       | extrapolating.
        
         | pedrosorio wrote:
         | > people who need advanced math need more probability theory
         | and statistics than calculus
         | 
         | Isn't calculus a pre-requisite for probability theory and
         | statistics though?
        
         | flavius29663 wrote:
         | In my view math is not so much about you needing it. It's about
         | developing abstract thinking, reasoning, logic.
         | 
         | It's in the same boat as sports. You will never need to run 100
         | yards with a ball in your hand, except for the sport itself.
         | Yet we still do sports to train and stay in shape.
        
           | failuser wrote:
           | It does, but again, those skills are not valued that much in
           | USA. I don't like it, this is reality. Sports classes provide
           | nowhere enough physical activity to stay in shape though.
           | Ideally a country ruled by citizens require a high level of
           | knowledge and reasoning ability. In reality people vote for
           | aristocratic cliques in a way often determined by their
           | birth.
        
             | flavius29663 wrote:
             | So what are you suggesting? Because math is not the perfect
             | answer, do less critical thinking? I think it's very good
             | for the brain, necessary even. Math is not sufficient, but
             | it's necessary. It's a pity the US schools put less and
             | less into math, nowadays they dumb down math for equity
             | reasons even.
        
         | handrous wrote:
         | I'd be very curious to see what a primary and secondary school
         | math program that aggressively focused on the "what will I ever
         | use this for?" question, for _most people_ , not just future
         | physicists and math majors, and tailored its curriculum to that
         | with mostly applications-based problem sets, looked like. I
         | suspect it'd provide a lot more value to ~99% of students while
         | never providing more than a "here's what these other branches
         | of math you probably won't need are for, so you know what to
         | look up or when to go learn them, on the off chance you ever do
         | need them" survey for much of what's covered from ~8th-12th
         | grade now, but maybe I'm wrong. I also doubt it would
         | discourage many future math majors.
        
       | TheMightyLlama wrote:
       | I ask myself, is there a School of Russian Math but for adults? I
       | don't mind starting with the basics at all.
        
       | markus_zhang wrote:
       | Chinese here. We followed the Russian/Soviet system of math
       | education for quite a while. The Soviet textbooks were and are
       | still considered superior comparing to our own (from middle
       | school straight to university). They have a certain quality that
       | Chinese textbooks fail to grasp.
       | 
       | Nowadays many schools turn to the American system (I don't know
       | why) and the requirements for math has been dropping for a
       | decade. The inequality of teaching resources is obvious when you
       | compare a student from a privileged school with one from say a
       | country-side school. The government tries to equalize things but
       | it's very difficult to go against the top teachers and rich
       | dads/moms.
        
       | b0rsuk wrote:
       | Some education systems put an emphasis on critical thinking, some
       | on absorbing tons of information.
       | 
       | Polish education is notable for memorization. One area where it
       | doesn't seem to hurt is medicine. It appears Polish doctors and
       | nurses are very much appreciated when they migrate. Perhaps
       | critical thinking is not a useful skill in medical practice?
       | 
       | Once upon a time I was reading an article about Polish migrants
       | in Norway. The Norwegians observe that Poles are reluctant to
       | send kids to Norwegian schools for a few reasons: a) the language
       | is very different, b) Poles fear children will become rebellious,
       | because the schools emphasize critical thinking* c) Poles fear
       | children will become... idiots. Because they won't know too many
       | facts. It appears despite constant complaining about pointless
       | facts and useless information, Poles take some sick pride in the
       | suffering. Some kind of Stockholm Syndrome.
       | 
       | * this reminds me of a rumor circulating about personnel of
       | mental hospitals. Patients are often sedated not because it's
       | good for the patients, but because it's convenient for the
       | personnel.
        
         | nme01 wrote:
         | I'm pretty sure you're a Pole who emigrated as self-hatred is
         | probably the most common thing for Poles.
        
           | b0rsuk wrote:
           | No, I'm considering it. I need to travel more and compare
           | before I make up my mind. It's unsurprising many people
           | migrate because they're fed up with their country. Financial
           | incentives is just another side of it, because it's
           | demoralizing to work long and hard hours and be paid little.
           | However, plenty of Poles migrate that can reconcile their
           | desire for high wages with uncritical admiration for their
           | country.
           | 
           | The country has taken an authoritarian turn. The aspects that
           | annoy me personally is lack of critical thinking, lack of
           | insight when it comes to history (it's a second state
           | religion in practice which is two too many), low trust,
           | bigotry, corruption, double standards, shallow XIX century
           | understanding of patriotism. There's focus on "moral
           | victories", heroic sacrifices and losing battles. Contempt is
           | something very common in society - it's like everyone needs
           | someone they can despise. Constructive criticism is very
           | unwelcome and met with denial. Compromise is often called
           | "rotten compromise".
        
         | geomark wrote:
         | "Perhaps critical thinking is not a useful skill in medical
         | practice?"
         | 
         | I was having a discussion about this recently, recalling the
         | vast majority of my experiences with medical doctors who
         | obviously just follow a cook book approach to how they practice
         | medicine. Worse than that is how many doctors cannot correctly
         | explain test results. Seems like although they completed a lot
         | of schooling they did not take enough math.
        
       | yboris wrote:
       | I'm from Russia, and in the US I attended GCPM - a
       | "correspondence program" with math assignments sent to me by mail
       | and later graded by a university professor. Was a great learning
       | experience (the program had dedicated books and interesting math
       | problems to explore).
       | 
       | https://www.egcpm.com/ - Gelfand Correspondence Program In
       | Mathematics
        
       | 24fps wrote:
       | This is a sore point for me.
       | 
       | I graduated from a tony American private high school, and went on
       | to graduate from an ivy league college.
       | 
       | The last math I learned was basic trig in eleventh grade.
       | 
       | Somehow I was allowed, encouraged even, to avoid math. I never
       | had to say the word math in college or graduate school.
       | 
       | As a result I do not actually know what calculus is, and while
       | I'm sure you don't invoke it while calculating a tip, I often
       | struggle with that exercise.
       | 
       | Regrettably. I'm sure my predicament is not unique.
        
         | mirker wrote:
         | My favorite example is compound interest. Imagine having to
         | solve a compound interest test to get a credit card. It seems
         | like a basic precaution to me (like a driving license), but yet
         | I'm not convinced all in the US can do it.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | When I applied to colleges in early 2000s, you basically had to
         | have taken Calculus AP or IB courses by 11th grade to get into
         | the elite schools.
        
       | option wrote:
       | we are one of those parents (in Bay Area) who send our kid to RSM
       | (Russian School of Math). We are very happy with it so far (6yo
       | completed her first year) and, most importantly, our daughter is
       | very happy with it too. It is not simple rule memorization and
       | counting, even for 6yo the problems they come up with are
       | interesting enough so that the kid wants to solve them.
        
         | dbish wrote:
         | What does the curriculum look like that differs significantly
         | from standard school? Also, is your child bored in school at
         | all? I got ahead in math early on and remember being very bored
         | in math classes until AP classes came around.
        
       | hazza_n_dazza wrote:
       | In Australia we have a focus on STEM, but school teachers who
       | don't understand the material. After 2 years of philosophical
       | maths in primary school from a special teacher, high school
       | really killed my interest. Big shame.
        
       | omginternets wrote:
       | Is there something like this for adults? I've been learning
       | mathematics on my own for a few years, but my progress has been
       | painstakingly slow and erratic.
       | 
       | I would really welcome some kind of schooling aimed at people
       | who, like me, are genuinely interested in the subject.
        
       | AareyBaba wrote:
       | And then there is Singapore math
       | https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/01/education/01math.html
        
         | ravenstine wrote:
         | Strangely enough, I'm an American who was taught Singapore math
         | in elementary school.
         | 
         | Then my family moved to a nearby city where they taught
         | standard American math and I wasn't allowed to solve math
         | problems the Singapore way. Even though I got the correct
         | answers, the teachers insisted I do math the "right" way, which
         | I consistently messed up for the rest of my life.
         | 
         | Singapore math not only has a more reasonable pace to learning,
         | but as someone with inattentive ADHD I found its approach to
         | arithmetic easier for me to keep track of in my head.
         | 
         | Even if people have heard of Singapore math, they might not
         | know that things like addition are done left-to-right rather
         | than right-to-left.
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/HS7BDq73pRE?t=44
         | 
         | I don't know about anyone else, but that is more like how I do
         | math in my head on a day to day basis since the first step gets
         | you closer to the answer. Just doing more addition underneath
         | is also more visually clean than carrying numbers by writing
         | them above the original equation. Paper is plentiful, and now
         | I'm sure it could all be done digitally, so there's no reason
         | to use standard American math to save space.
        
       | jedmeyers wrote:
       | A very interesting bit of trivia: Soviet school math curriculum
       | reform was conducted in the 60s under the leadership of Andrey
       | Kolmogorov. Some of you may be familiar with his works,
       | especially the Kolmogorov complexity.
        
       | TheGigaChad wrote:
       | Good, let them study hard. The real deal gets VC capital and
       | gives these chumps breadcrumps.
        
       | op00to wrote:
       | Why do people beat themselves up for not being "as good as they
       | should be" at math? Who cares? Find out what you naturally excel
       | at and concentrate on that.
        
       | meshr wrote:
       | It is not Russian but 'Soviets math'. Ironically, Russia
       | introduced analogy of USA's standardized right after Itina
       | emigrated from Russia and now Russian's math is also optimized
       | for memorizing but not for 'emphasizing reasoning and deeper
       | understanding'
        
         | orthoxerox wrote:
         | I graduated before USE, and my math classes were... mediocre.
         | To graduate, you had to do 10 problems of average difficulty,
         | so our textbooks didn't even have problems harder than that.
         | 
         | I took a look at the entrance exam at the uni I wanted to apply
         | to and was shocked. Thankfully, I had my dad and he went
         | through Skanavi's exercise book with me.
         | 
         | I look at the USE math exam every year and it's much better
         | than my final exam (although I like gaokao more, it has more
         | varied problems that make you combine different areas of math),
         | but I don't know where the cutoff point for "I won't get into
         | trouble for my students' low results" is.
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | I am so jealous of people who have parents who
           | know/understand math.
        
             | orthoxerox wrote:
             | Thank you. I guess I was lucky my dad is a MIPT alumnus.
        
         | ymolodtsov wrote:
         | That's a common criticism that mostly relies on emotions and
         | not facts.
         | 
         | These standardized tests are changed little by little every
         | year and are simply meant to a) ensure similar educational
         | standards for smaller and remote cities b) enable kids to apply
         | to any university in Russia.
         | 
         | Although some specific parents and teachers in particular
         | school might want to focus on repetition of the same problems
         | and tasks it doesn't mean everyone will and it certainly didn't
         | affect me that much. In fact, having some definitive rules on
         | how they assess an essay in Russian helped me get 100% for it
         | the first time, since it was objective.
        
       | locallost wrote:
       | I am also from Eastern Europe, but did my Bachelor in the west.
       | For a lot of people there things like limits, series etc. were
       | almost like greek. Speaking of greek, we did some group study and
       | there was a person there who kept saying E this E that. I was
       | perplexed until I saw he meant Sigma as in sum.
       | 
       | But those who didn't know learned it and that was that. I'm not
       | sure it's really that beneficial to force a lot on kids before
       | they are ready to use it or know what it's for. I remember
       | 10th/11th grade sitting and eventually realizing all this stuff
       | we do... I will eventually need to do it to make sure e.g. a
       | building does not crash. And that scared me to death, I did not
       | feel prepared at all. When things are thrown at you before you're
       | ready and can really understand it, it's sort of like you lack a
       | connection to what is essential and what you might be able to do
       | with it on your own. You do your little examples and tasks and
       | solve them, but outside of that context you don't really
       | understand it. I don't think any educational system has figured
       | that out for the majority of kids.
        
       | skzv wrote:
       | When I started high school in Canada, my math grades were pretty
       | bad. Probably in the 60%s (a C letter grade). I remember staring
       | at a quadratic equation, struggling to understand why those 3
       | terms drew a curve. I had no intuition for it.
       | 
       | The summer before 11th grade, my father decided he had enough. It
       | was time to learn math, Soviet style. He sat me down for a few
       | hours each morning with problems from 6th and 7th grade Russian
       | math textbooks - which was strange to me of course because I was
       | about to start 11th grade. One important rule was that a
       | calculator was not allowed.
       | 
       | Everyday he had a list of questions ready for me that he had
       | judiciously picked. Back in Ukraine he was a regional physics
       | Olympiad winner, and a gold medal winner (in the Soviet Union,
       | the top graduates from each high school were awarded a gold medal
       | - goes to show how they valued academics I suppose). I can pull
       | up some photos if anyone is interested.
       | 
       | The questions were very clever and pedagogical. You developed
       | intuition by solving them. And you couldn't solve them if you
       | didn't understand the underlying principles. And of course,
       | there's the word problems. I could barely read Russian at the
       | time, so I had to take my time, but they bridge the gap between
       | theory and application. And without a calculator, you are forced
       | to develop techniques for manipulating equations and numbers. You
       | get really good at it.
       | 
       | I aced math and physics for the rest of high school (and later
       | graduated with a degree in Engineering Physics).
       | 
       | The western education system really fails us. My dad sitting me
       | down with those elementary Russian math textbooks and enforcing a
       | no calculator rule was one of the best things he could have ever
       | done for me. The Soviet mathematic curriculum was designed by
       | some brilliant mathematicians who understood the importance of
       | developing intuition. That importance seems to be lost here.
       | People think that quantitative intuition doesn't matter as long
       | as you can plug your equation into Wolfram Alpha. But when you
       | approach math that way, you don't develop an analytical and
       | quantitative lens.
       | 
       | Photos: [My father and my grandmother on the way to university in
       | the 80s - https://photos.app.goo.gl/Tgv2gpy428rKs2GS8
       | 
       | Gold medal - https://photos.app.goo.gl/KsisSEvb4fbNEE419
       | 
       | Physics Olympiad diploma with translation -
       | ]https://photos.app.goo.gl/b3hw6HXmQN25iXay9]
        
         | hyperman1 wrote:
         | Are any of these textbooks available? Preferably not in
         | Russian, I can read English, French, German and Dutch.
        
           | mettamage wrote:
           | Even if they're in Russian I'd be interested, I'll use Google
           | Translate. I bet that most of the time I could understand the
           | problem well enough.
        
           | bovine3dom wrote:
           | https://archive.org/details/mir-titles has a vast selection.
           | The books by Irodov are generally well regarded in
           | particular.
        
             | hamilyon2 wrote:
             | Books by Irodov are a legend
        
         | wheelinsupial wrote:
         | > and a gold medal winner (in the Soviet Union, the top
         | graduates from each high school were awarded a gold medal -
         | goes to show how they valued academics I suppose).
         | 
         | I'm not sure where in Canada you moved to, but there are
         | Governor General awards [1] to the top graduating students.
         | It's bronze for top high school graduate, silver for
         | bachelor's, and gold for higher degrees.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.gg.ca/en/honours/governor-generals-
         | awards/govern...
        
         | rtpg wrote:
         | I doubt the calculators were the problem. People going through
         | the "AP class" route with calculators finish up all of the math
         | (and more!) that gets covered in a french high school math
         | class (from experience of moving to France in High School and
         | learning zilch for 3 years).
         | 
         | Totally on point about the "analyticial and quantitative
         | lenses". Multiple-choice questions and lack of "real" questions
         | really hobble a lot of math classes.
         | 
         | I was lucky in middle school in particular to have classes that
         | used textbooks with a much more indepth look at why we would do
         | X/Y/Z than the average book (along with a system where you
         | would work through exercises in groups of 3 or 4, so better
         | people could help out people who were struggling more). But I
         | had to do a hell of a lot more "work showing" in France.
        
           | dubcanada wrote:
           | > Why do you doubt calculators were the problem?
           | 
           | The way I see it, learning to do basic math in your head is
           | just as important if not more important then learning a
           | procedure via a calculator. A calculator doesn't teach you
           | anything, it just teaches you how to use a calculator.
        
             | colinmhayes wrote:
             | Doing math in your head doesn't really teach you anything
             | either though. Everyone has a calculator within hands reach
             | these days. I don't think practicing mental math ever
             | helped me understand principles, it just helped me memorize
             | and learn tricks that are only helpful with doing mental
             | arithmetic.
        
           | alistairSH wrote:
           | Calculators in calculus probably aren't a problem.
           | 
           | But in the US, calculators are used at almost all grade
           | levels. My son's school allowed them while he was in
           | elementary school, while still learning basic algebra.
           | 
           | As for math education in general (in the US), it's pretty
           | terrible. The lack of practical applications of "advanced"
           | maths is a big problem. Basic calculus didn't "click" for me
           | until I started taking economics courses in college.
        
             | skulk wrote:
             | > The lack of practical applications of "advanced" maths is
             | a big problem.
             | 
             | I vividly remember self-studying calculus because I
             | absolutely wanted to know how to find the area under a
             | polynomial curve. I knew how to find areas of normal
             | geometric shapes, but finding the area under the curve
             | seemed like black magic that I _had_ to learn. If schools
             | could somehow give this to students, there would be no need
             | for "practical applications".
        
         | codetrotter wrote:
         | > I can pull up some photos if anyone is interested.
         | 
         | Yes please!
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | bbarnett wrote:
         | What's happened in Canada, is that curriculum is designed to
         | teach to the weakest student in a subject.
         | 
         | This is thought of as being fair, of helping, for of course
         | everyone is intellectually equal.
         | 
         | Thus, those who can accel, are denied their future, for those
         | which will leave high school, and never touch (for example)
         | advanced math again.
         | 
         | Equality comes from recognising our differences, and enabling
         | best outcomes for all. Not pretending we are all identical.
         | 
         | Sadly, this seems lost on many.
        
           | spoonjim wrote:
           | Bam. That's why my kids (of very different academic prowess)
           | are in (two very different) private schools.
        
           | inglor_cz wrote:
           | It is kinda ironic that the former Soviet Bloc, whose central
           | ideology was built around equality, had a very streamed
           | education system concentrated on recognizing talented
           | individuals early, while the Anglosphere, usually renowned
           | for its ceaseless competition, emphasizes equality at the
           | cost of excellence now.
        
             | sudosysgen wrote:
             | Well, it's only ironic because this is a bit of a
             | simplification. Their ideology always recognized inequality
             | of ability and comparative advantages of various
             | individuals. The issue, at least on a theoretic level,
             | receiving more value and power because you happened to own
             | something (capital) instead of because you produced more or
             | produced things that few people could produce. Which is why
             | compensation was always unequal and often based on
             | production.
        
             | AzzieElbab wrote:
             | Equality was non existent in the Soviet Union. Technically
             | a talented researcher would earn just as much a factory
             | worker but the researcher would have access to apparatus
             | granted privileges like living in a better apartment,
             | occasionally shopping in an non empty store, access to
             | better hospitals, and so on
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | Researchers and scientists were actually often simply
               | paid more.
        
           | II2II wrote:
           | > What's happened in Canada, is that curriculum is designed
           | to teach to the weakest student in a subject.
           | 
           | No, the curriculum is not watered down to meet the needs of
           | the weakest students. Canada tends to align its curriculum to
           | that of other western nations. On the other hand, when you're
           | talking about math there is a bit of an issue where the
           | background of teachers is mixed at the elementary level and
           | students are not guaranteed to have a true specialist teacher
           | until grade 10. That isn't to say that specialist teachers
           | are the best teachers, but it is a bit disconcerting when a
           | teachers college offers classes for math-phobic elementary
           | teacher candidates (particularly since those grade levels
           | seem to be where many children develop their attitudes
           | towards math). It is also worth noting that the quality of
           | teachers varies based upon region and schools, largely
           | because teachers have a lot of choice as to where they teach.
        
             | bbarnett wrote:
             | Maybe your province isn't too bad yet, but these things
             | tend to spread:
             | 
             | https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/vancouver-
             | sc...
             | 
             | With no advanced/honours tract, you have two choices.
             | 
             | Subjects too difficult for a large portion of the class, or
             | everyone gets education tailored to the least capable
             | students.
             | 
             | Clearly, they aren't removing advanced classes, then
             | suddenly failing 1/2 the class...
        
               | __turbobrew__ wrote:
               | As someone thinking of raising kids in Vancouver I was
               | really disappointed by the honours stream being removed
               | from VSB curriculum. If the school board truly wanted
               | equality for their students they should be looking at
               | external factors of why kids are not performing: do they
               | have a place at home to complete homework? Do their
               | parents value education? Do they believe in themselves?
               | 
               | I do believe that there is a natural difference in
               | intelligence, but not enough to make the difference of a
               | student getting into the honours stream or not. A lot of
               | the kids say "I don't get math" or "I'm just dumb" or
               | they don't have a stable household or family role models
               | of success -- all of which hold them back. Naturally
               | these external problems are much harder for school boards
               | to tackle so they would rather chop the legs off of
               | honours students than address the students who come from
               | a disadvantaged background.
        
               | II2II wrote:
               | The article also mentions that AP (and, presumably, IB)
               | are being maintained. These programs provide a recognized
               | curriculum and the courses are typically taken by
               | students who want advanced classes. I also took a quick
               | glance at the BC mathematics curriculum, which is
               | typically offered in different tiers, and it is offered
               | in different tiers. Science appears to take the usual
               | tact of a general course, with specialist courses for
               | students who want to study biology, chemistry, or physics
               | in more depth. In other words, regardless of whatever
               | nonsense is being spewed by the board, differentiation
               | between interest and ability is still available.
               | 
               | It is also worth noting that there would be significant
               | public push back if there was a true degradation in the
               | curriculum. Ontario tried replacing calculus with pre-
               | calculus about a decade ago, which the government had to
               | reverse due to public pressure.
        
               | bbarnett wrote:
               | _It is also worth noting that there would be significant
               | public push back if there was a true degradation in the
               | curriculum._
               | 
               | Not so sure on that one. I agree some would push back,
               | certainly. I feel it is fewer every year, with parents
               | not caring for anything but what a piece of paper says.
               | 
               | But, perhaps I am a cynic, or am reading too many such
               | stories.
        
           | pbhjpbhj wrote:
           | My second child is suffering this in a UK school - the maths
           | is too easy, his primary school had an 'advanced' group
           | (quotes because it wasn't really advanced, didn't go as far
           | as I did at primary school in normal class) to push the most
           | able kids a bit. Now high-school they're back to doing
           | absolutely remedial basics of arithmetic.
           | 
           | So much wasted time in school, he's frustrated not to make
           | progress and bored with 'maths' (truly it's lack of maths,
           | but to the young mind that gets confused with the subject and
           | then you lose them).
        
           | Dah00n wrote:
           | Yes, exactly this. The amount of children who lost interest
           | in a topic because of systems like this must be high. I
           | clearly remember how I thought maths was way too easy and
           | eventually I lost interest. Sadly I was lazy so I didn't do
           | anything to use my skills (though one could argue it isn't
           | the job of the child) and ended up not doing all my homework
           | and just making up the answer on the spot when called to the
           | blackboard, so today I'm very average which I guess is a
           | success in the eyes of the system.
        
         | deanCommie wrote:
         | Fascinating to see the numbers you chose.
         | 
         | I finished Grade 6 in Russia (in 1995) before emigrating to
         | Canada.
         | 
         | I didn't learn anything new in Math class until mid-Grade 11
         | [1].
         | 
         | [1] Except Trigonometry. But I could tell the way it was taught
         | was completely different from the concepts I learned in the
         | Soviet/Russian system.
         | 
         | It was just rote memorization of sin/cos/tan - just clever
         | formulas for deriving the angles and edge lengths of triangles
         | that you solved by pressing the SIN/COS/TAN buttons on your
         | calculator, rather than the "from first principle" explanation
         | of what these concepts meant fundamentally.
        
         | amrcnimgrnt wrote:
         | McMaster grad?
        
         | zoomablemind wrote:
         | > ...Everyday he had a list of questions ready for me that he
         | had judiciously picked.
         | 
         | Your story is very touching, thank you for sharing it.
         | 
         | It also emphasizes the importance of a motivated teacher. Also
         | I believe that such parent's involvement makes the process and
         | the subject of learning so much worthwhile.
         | 
         | It's not a secret that as parents we want/need to outsource the
         | kids into schools just to free ourselves up for what we
         | want/need to do. Yet paradoxically we want the kids to know no
         | less than we know ourselves.
         | 
         | It's just a luck if kids come across a good teacher which would
         | help the kids demonstrate to us parents that they are worth of
         | our attention. Kind of backwards...
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | dan-robertson wrote:
       | See here for an account of Russian-style 'math circles' for young
       | children:
       | 
       | https://www.msri.org/people/staff/levy/files/MCL/Zvonkin.pdf
        
       | mjevans wrote:
       | By about 1/4th of the way through I wanted to just know what
       | 'russian math' looked like. By Halfway it was pretty clear they
       | weren't going to tell me. I skimmed the last half, nothing stood
       | out.
       | 
       | What does "Russian Math" look like?
        
         | frant-hartm wrote:
         | > school's curriculum is based on Russian teaching traditions
         | that emphasize reasoning and deeper understanding early on, not
         | just memorization and practice drills. "The child should be
         | brought to abstract level as soon as possible," she says,
         | "meaning early introduction of algebra and geometry, not only
         | arithmetic," and helping children figure out principles for
         | themselves rather than spoon-feeding them.
        
           | hellbannedguy wrote:
           | I wish American teachers could teach the reasoning behind
           | math.
           | 
           | I don't think most math teachers know themselfs though---even
           | at some colleges.
           | 
           | I don't think I have even seen a math book that goes into
           | depth on why a equation, or problem, is solved a certain way.
           | 
           | I would like to see most memorization in math, and most
           | subjects nixed for good.
           | 
           | I have found, including myself, my early difficulties in math
           | were due to just memorizing how to do a problem.
           | 
           | It wasen't until I started over (I went to a CC early. I
           | hated high school socially, and it affected my studies. Going
           | to a CC was the best move I made.)
           | 
           | I took basic math, and algebra, trig., at the community
           | college.
           | 
           | It made inorganic chemistry, and physics, so easy.
        
             | BeFlatXIII wrote:
             | I went from terrible at timed tests of regurgitating basic
             | arithmetic facts to one of the better math students in my
             | school once the curriculum moved on to requiring some
             | understanding of what was going on.
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | I buy into having a deeper understanding, and in both work
           | and school, it's pretty clear who has a deeper understanding
           | and who's going through the motions.
           | 
           | That said, how is it that there's such range in pedagogy? So
           | many people have studied teaching that you'd think we'd have
           | a better idea of what works. Or maybe it's that goals are
           | different.
        
             | fallingknife wrote:
             | The goals are different. The goal of the Russian school is
             | to teach math. The goal of public schools is to dumb down
             | the curriculum until everyone is equal.
        
               | tsukikage wrote:
               | That's an interesting take, since the Russian school's
               | teaching methods originate in Soviet public schools.
               | 
               | If that's the difference, why were the goals so different
               | there, and how do we make US public school goals more
               | like the Soviet ones?
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | The soviets were nationalists who believed the utility of
               | the citizenry was in their contribution to their country.
               | 
               | You reinstill love of country, which really means love of
               | society and others, which is another word for
               | philanthropy, and you will quickly get this.
               | 
               | In America, instead of education and work being for the
               | greater purpose of your nation and people, education is
               | for the individual.
               | 
               | As usual, most people find more motivation when helping
               | others than themselves, but the focus on ourselves in
               | American education means it's easy to slack.
        
             | ajuc wrote:
             | I think a big part of this is society's expectations.
             | 
             | For example while there was bullying in my primary school -
             | there was no bullying because you were good at math. The
             | opposite was true - if you were bad at math it meant you're
             | "dumb" and kids will laugh at you.
             | 
             | It wasn't all perfect - it was uncool to try hard (means
             | you're dumb and have to work for it and that's boring) but
             | it was very fashionable to instantly know every answer. So
             | teachers had it much easier because kids had intrinsic
             | motivation to learn math.
             | 
             | Another part of it was probably that the unemployment was
             | at 20% at that point and everybody realized you have to be
             | well educated to have a chance of good job.
        
             | Sponge5 wrote:
             | Not goals - incentives. I'm from Czechia and for me math
             | education changed dramatically for the last year of high-
             | school. All of a sudden it was crunch time to get the best
             | result at the standardized tests that are part of
             | government's examination.
             | 
             | Up until that point the math classes were very much Soviet-
             | style understanding-first, daily hour-long homeworks that
             | are described in the article.
             | 
             | Final year was about technique memorization.
             | 
             | Once you're gaming a system, education quality tanks.
        
               | dehrmann wrote:
               | The dilemma with tests is that we need them to measure
               | competency, but once you introduce them, the specific
               | form the test takes becomes a target, itself.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | credit_guy wrote:
         | Sample problem for K-1 [1]:
         | 
         | "Jane fills a bag with three types of chips. There are 3-point,
         | 4-point and 7- point chips. Jane picks 3 chips worth 15 points.
         | Which chips did she pick?"
         | 
         | Sample problem for grades 5-6 [2]:
         | 
         | "Pinocchio drank half a cup of black coffee. He then filled the
         | cup back up with milk and drank one third of the mixture. Again
         | he filled the cup to the top with milk, drank one sixth of the
         | mixture and filled it back to the top with milk one final time
         | before he drank the whole cup. Did he drink more coffee or
         | milk?"
         | 
         | [1]https://f.hubspotusercontent30.net/hubfs/981338/Blog/Element
         | ...
         | 
         | [2]https://f.hubspotusercontent30.net/hubfs/981338/Blog/Middle_
         | ...
        
           | andi999 wrote:
           | I don't like the second question. Probably the kid is
           | supposed to see the 'trick' :he drank a full cup of coffee
           | since he didn't refill coffee and drank all. He added 1/2,
           | 1/3 and 1/6 of a cup of milk and drank it all, so
           | (3+2+1)/6=1. He drank the same amount of coffee and milk.
           | 
           | I think it is ok as a brain teaser, but there will probably
           | be one kid in the class to see it and all the other kids feel
           | dumb or whatever. But I don't think it teaches you anything
           | (maybe it does, didn't study pedagogy, and while I was good
           | at such fun questions I preferred the more structured
           | approach in university mathematics)
           | 
           | Edit: this might make the kids think you need some 'magical'
           | insights to do math and if they don't see it they are not apt
           | for it, while the opposite might be true.
           | 
           | For the other questions: 2 also seems to rely on a trick, 3
           | looks ok, 4 is ok, 5a looks dodgy (probably just trying out
           | numbers), 6 looks ok
           | 
           | About the K1 question:these are for 3 year olds? I only met
           | one 3 year old in my life who could read, probably I am
           | missing something here.
        
             | Const-me wrote:
             | > 2 also seems to rely on a trick
             | 
             | Pretty sure students are supposed to switch( n % 3 ), and
             | solve for all 3 possible values of the remainder.
             | 
             | > probably just trying out numbers
             | 
             | You can't solve a 4-degree polynomial equation by trying
             | out numbers. It has up to 4 solutions, not guaranteed to be
             | real, let alone rational or integer.
        
               | dmurray wrote:
               | > You can't solve a 4-degree polynomial equation by
               | trying out numbers
               | 
               | On the contrary, in practice you can't solve them any
               | other way! Spot a simple factorization or guess a root is
               | your best chance if you don't fancy working through the
               | quartic formula [0], which will take you multiple pages
               | just to write down the first step, and a numeric
               | approximate solution is not acceptable.
               | 
               | [0] https://math.stackexchange.com/a/1135224
        
             | latte wrote:
             | > Edit: this might make the kids think you need some
             | 'magical' insights to do math and if they don't see it they
             | are not apt for it, while the opposite might be true.
             | 
             | That's a valid point. However, what's the opposite to
             | having insights? Is that following routines and/or
             | exhaustively exploring the entire problem space (which the
             | first problem in the GP comment seems to teach)?
             | 
             | Teaching those might have higher pedagogical value than
             | conditioning children to find insights (as - at least at
             | first sight - the increase in skill in those is more
             | directly linked to the effort the child invests in
             | learning) However, the von Neumann story in your sibling
             | comment suggests that some people (and so, some children in
             | the class) will perform routines faster than the other
             | children no matter what. Seeing a "shortcut" solution gives
             | a chance to those who are slower at routines to arrive at a
             | solution fast, too.
             | 
             | Moreover, a lot of real-world problems (in academia as well
             | as in business - from my limited experience in both) are
             | exercises in pattern matching and finding shortcuts rather
             | than in an exhaustive exploration of the problem space -
             | and helping children to collect an arsenal of tricks (and
             | more importantly, teaching them to look for insights and
             | patterns by giving them multiple trick-based problems over
             | the years) prepares them to handle those real-world
             | problems.
        
             | jusssi wrote:
             | > 5a looks dodgy (probably just trying out numbers)
             | 
             | You can find the 4 zeros of the left side by eyeball, and
             | use that to construct the rest of the equation group you
             | need.
             | 
             | It's expected you've seen and solved this type of problem
             | before taking the test. Not that many kids can come up with
             | a working solution strategy on the fly.
        
               | dmurray wrote:
               | "Trying out numbers" seems like the simpler approach to
               | me. You have to multiply four consecutive numbers to get
               | 1680. One of them must be 7 (since 7 divides 1680), one
               | must be 5 or 10 for the same reason. That leaves only 3
               | possibilities, and you only have to check the middle one
               | (5 x 6 x 7 x 8) since if the result too big or too small,
               | you'll know which of the other two it is.
               | 
               | OK - you weren't guaranteed the solution was an integer
               | or even real, but you should strongly suspect there's a
               | simple answer because you didn't get generic fourth-
               | degree polynomials in your class. Depending on the class,
               | you might be expected to find one, two or all four
               | solutions - but once you have the first one the rest are
               | much easier.
        
               | jusssi wrote:
               | Following the procedure taught in class (and I'm quite
               | sure they didn't teach "make a guess") is safer. When you
               | show the correct procedure and fumble say, and addition,
               | near the end, you'll still get almost full points.
               | 
               | If you go off-road and get the wrong answer, it's up to
               | how much the teacher likes you.
        
               | dmurray wrote:
               | This doesn't line up with all the other problems, which
               | reward having some insight as well as the concrete
               | algebra/arithmetic skills to finish it out.
               | 
               | If anything, your approach sounds more like what's
               | expected in American schools: either you have been taught
               | a foolproof way to solve problems matching Pattern X, or
               | you stare slack jawed at the question paper thinking "I
               | must have been absent the day they covered this question
               | pattern". Exactly the opposite of the kind of thinking
               | described in the article.
               | 
               | Besides, as in another comment of mine on this page,
               | there is no generic method your teacher could have taught
               | you here that always works. (If you think so, please set
               | the right hand side to 1681 and solve that version...).
               | The principal method I was taught for solving cubics was
               | to make a guess. Numerical methods came later.
        
               | andi999 wrote:
               | Ok, only following procedure I also don't like..
        
               | andi999 wrote:
               | When you have the 4 zeros how do you construct solutions?
        
               | jusssi wrote:
               | You'd have to ask the kids who just took that class. I'm
               | too old to remember ;-)
        
               | andi999 wrote:
               | I like your sense of humour
        
             | huhtenberg wrote:
             | #2 relies on understanding how numbers "work", i.e. on
             | having spent time on playing with them.
             | 
             | #5a is a factorization exercise.
             | 
             | In general, Russian approach to the math includes exposing
             | kids to the toolset as well as the theory. This particular
             | case is solved this way, that is solved that way, etc. Keep
             | on it for a while and it tends to develop an intuition for
             | knowing right away which problem is solved with which
             | approach. So, yeah, if there are shortcuts, you use them.
             | If there aren't any, you brute-force it.
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | > I think it is ok as a brain teaser, but there will
             | probably be one kid in the class to see it and all the
             | other kids feel dumb or whatever. But I don't think it
             | teaches you anything
             | 
             | These word problems are intended quite precisely as
             | introduction to algebra. They show you the kinds of
             | _questions_ that algebra can solve in a  "structural" way,
             | which makes it way easier to grok algebra later on since
             | motivation for the subject has been provided in such depth.
             | 
             | A good review article on the subject: Persson, Ulf and
             | Toom, Andre: _Word Problems in Russian Mathematical
             | Education_ , available at http://toomandre.com/my-
             | articles/swedish/ULFENG.PDF
        
               | andi999 wrote:
               | Why do you think this is the starting point of a
               | structured introduction?
        
             | carlmr wrote:
             | >I think it is ok as a brain teaser, but there will
             | probably be one kid in the class to see it and all the
             | other kids feel dumb or whatever.
             | 
             | If you see the trick, you save some time on the
             | calculation. If you don't you have to add some more
             | numbers. It's not that difficult.
        
               | andi999 wrote:
               | Yes, but I am worried if a school uses question which can
               | be solved with a trick that the whole instruction in
               | class starts to revolve around tricks (which naturally
               | will happen since the one kid who sees it will answer
               | first).
               | 
               | This trick discussion reminds me of the great anectode
               | about von
               | Neumann:https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5950755
        
               | dubcanada wrote:
               | Tricks? It's not tricks it's word problems, which is just
               | as important as any other problem. You need to relate
               | math to the real world and having a equation doesn't
               | help, having stuff like Susan is taking a train at 2:32
               | for 50 kms going 60km/h what time did she get off helps
               | people understand how to turn a real world problem into a
               | math equation to solve it.
        
             | deepsun wrote:
             | Yes I definitely felt dumb in my Russian math classes when
             | someone saw a clever trick and I did not. That made me try
             | harder to look for tricks, it's a challenge in the end.
             | 
             | I ended up with a Math degree very later on. So I don't see
             | how feeling dumb harmed me.
             | 
             | PS: the top level professional math is 90% tricks.
        
             | credit_guy wrote:
             | K-1 means Kindergarten and 1st grade, so 5 year olds and 6
             | year olds. In the US earlier grades than that are called
             | PK-3 (pre-Kindergarten and 3 year old) and PK-4. I don't
             | think RSM has classes for these levels.
        
               | arstarstarst wrote:
               | Correct, they don't have pre-school classes. I attended
               | RSM as a student, and even taught there.
        
           | xmprt wrote:
           | Those are pretty challenging problems and they also require a
           | bit of working out. How many of these problems are students
           | expected to solve in, say, and hour long test?
        
             | eps wrote:
             | These represent _classes_ of problems and the test checks
             | which classes students have covered in their studies and
             | which they slacked on.
             | 
             | These two are straight-forward problems, both will be
             | allocated some basic nominal time. You either know how to
             | solve them or you don't. Sometimes there'd be problems that
             | are more puzzling, because they'd combine several problem
             | classes and will take time to unfold (this is typical in
             | math olympics). These will be allocated more time as they
             | require thinking and searching for a solution.
        
               | dkn775 wrote:
               | From the examples I guess it is the ability to
               | intuitively manipulate fractions? Like "oh that's kind of
               | like .8 of this other thing so it's close to X" ?
        
         | thundergolfer wrote:
         | Check out 'Word Problems in Russia and America' by Andrei Toom.
         | Toom contrasts the poor state of the American math curriculum
         | with his experiences with the Russian style, particularly its
         | centering of 'word problems'.
        
         | dragosmocrii wrote:
         | I studied in a top school in Moldova which follows a curriculum
         | whose foundation was defined during the Soviet union times, so
         | could be pretty close to the Russian curriculum. Just as an
         | idea, in grade 10-11 I was studying limits, complex numbers,
         | derivatives, grade 12 was dedicated to integrals and solving
         | problems with them. Math got progressively harder starting with
         | grade 5. I remember I was filling about 2-3 notebooks of 48
         | pages (little squares pattern) per semester with homework and
         | in-class class problem solving. We always had homework to do,
         | and often it would take me hours to come up with a solution to
         | the more difficult problems that would give me a 10 (grade A+).
         | My nephew who finished grade 4 has no homework (Canada), but I
         | remember my grade 4 I had so much homework for each subject
         | (math, French, Romanian, geography, arts, etc). Heck, in grades
         | 1-4 we even had summer homework, which were books containing
         | exercises for various subjects, and I remember that vividly
         | because I hated to do homework in the summer. I'm quite sure
         | that good Russian school are also quite intense..
        
           | lentil_soup wrote:
           | How old is grade 10-11? I always get confused with these as
           | each country numbers grades differently
        
             | dilyevsky wrote:
             | Can't speak for Moldova but had what seems to be same level
             | (specialized math school) in Russia and 10-11 was 15-17 yo
             | (you could start at different age back then)
        
             | dragosmocrii wrote:
             | grade 12 is usually 18yo, grade 11 is 17yo, etc
        
         | seer wrote:
         | I have a feeling it was more about the quality of the teachers
         | than anything else.
         | 
         | I moved from "Deep" Russia itself to the periphery of the USSR
         | (Bulgaria) when I was in first grade, and my parents had the
         | foresight to make me repeat that grade so as to help me with
         | learning a new language.
         | 
         | The quality difference was astounding. In 1992 Russia by first
         | grade I was learning english with flash cards technique,
         | drawing human shapes, animation, perspective, and some pretty
         | good maths. The knowledge I gained there allowed me to learn
         | almost nothing but the language up until about 3rd grade. And
         | it was a school in the middle of nowhere.
         | 
         | I think the USSR trained some very good teachers and just sent
         | them around everywhere, places they would not have gone
         | themselves on their own volition kinda thing.
         | 
         | Oh and I remember teachers where highly respected, a thing I
         | saw slowly degrade while the country was going through the 90s
         | reforms.
        
           | spoonjim wrote:
           | Respect for teachers is a huge part of it. People want status
           | as much as they want money. If culturally America venerated
           | teachers the way it venerates soldiers we'd have fewer wars
           | and smarter people.
        
             | FredPret wrote:
             | Or smarter wars?
        
               | kwere wrote:
               | make the military teach!
        
         | ajuc wrote:
         | I don't know if it's that, but for me math "clicked" when in
         | 2nd class of primary school in Poland we had a whole year of
         | solving intuitive math problems. Basically linear equations of
         | 1 or 2 variables, but that was without knowing what any algebra
         | or even what a variable is - we started with only basic
         | addition and multiplication.
         | 
         | Teacher asked us (one by one) to describe how we would arrive
         | at the answer to problems and why that way. Sometimes it would
         | be a contest - who guesses the answer first and that person
         | gets to explain the process and bask in the glory of being the
         | smartest kid ;). And then we were shown how to write that
         | solving process as equations and practiced changing from
         | problems to equations and vice versa.
         | 
         | At the end of the year most kids understood algebra.
        
         | vkazanov wrote:
         | Not sure about these after-class schools, but I can compare my
         | ex-ussr school and uni education with math or CS undergrad
         | textbooks I read a lot in English these day. Not sure about
         | early education though.
         | 
         | 1. Russian math books are straight to the point, superconcrete.
         | Hard to read in a linear fashion but very useful when student
         | is serious about going through it ("Problems in mathematical
         | analysis" by Demidovich is a perfect example, Mark Vygodskiy's
         | "Elementary Mathematics Reference").
         | 
         | 2. In most textbooks I remember nobody tries to build a dumbed
         | down explanation of things. This might lead to the book being
         | harder to understand without teacher's help. I remember how
         | some American undergrad-level introductory math analysis books
         | were trying to skip proofs, avoid certain details, giving too
         | many intuitive explanations ().
         | 
         | 3. Mid and late school math is pretty advanced, especially when
         | compared to US typical level.
         | 
         | These days I live in UK. Kids go to school early here: 4-5
         | years. My daugther is 6 and is comfortable with trivial math.
         | I've read a few secondary school textbooks and they feel quite
         | ok.
         | 
         | So maybe this is a US problem.
         | 
         | EDIT: a few example books added
        
         | ymolodtsov wrote:
         | I think the key difference is that it quickly moves from what's
         | considered problems for kids (Ally had 3 apples, Booby had 2,
         | etc) to abstract tasks and fundamental theorems in algebra,
         | geometry and other areas.
         | 
         | The way math was taught in USSR and is still largely taught in
         | Russia is by going as quickly as possible to calculus. I
         | definitely studied limits and derivatives in school (around
         | grade 8 or 9 out of 11 as I recall) and we briefly touched
         | integrals in the last grade. There are some areas they don't
         | really include, although in my opinion they should have, like
         | mathematical statistics, which could be even more useful, but
         | still.
         | 
         | That is a common approach recreated in some other subjects. For
         | instances, teaching Russian includes not just basic syntax and
         | phonetics but also just basic linguistic exercises like
         | dissecting complex words and learning classifications, which
         | you don't really need to talk it but they provide a deeper
         | understanding.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | carlmr wrote:
       | I had the same experience going from a French elementary school
       | to a German school.
       | 
       | What we were taught in second grade only popped up again in 6th
       | grade in Germany.
       | 
       | Then I went on exchange to the US in 10th grade and I noticed
       | they were lagging behind the German system by about 2 years.
       | 
       | So US vs France must be a 6 year lag.
        
         | whimsicalism wrote:
         | The US does not have a universal education track, so hard to
         | compare.
         | 
         | From my interactions with French students and Romanian students
         | in college, the Romanians seemed further ahead and the french
         | were just on par.
        
         | LeanderK wrote:
         | how would you compare the workload in the other subjects in
         | Germany vs France? And how would you rate the german math
         | education?
        
           | carlmr wrote:
           | I think German math education was ok, probably not stellar,
           | but good enough to prepare you well for engineering classes.
           | 
           | I went on another (short) exchange to France later in 9th
           | grade and they were still far ahead of the German system in
           | math at that point.
           | 
           | However, and this may sound stereotypical, their language
           | education was pretty bad. While they were studying similar
           | English literature as us, they were almost completely unable
           | to speak English. When visiting language classes it was
           | evident why, in Germany languages are studied interactively,
           | in France it was only the teacher talking.
           | 
           | I don't know if this changed since then or it was only at
           | this school, but it seemed like such an easy fix.
           | 
           | In terms of workload, I think the total was pretty similar.
        
       | crispyambulance wrote:
       | Growing up in the US we were fed a "mythology" about Russian and
       | Chinese schooling that claimed it was all rote memorization
       | without actual understanding. It's been clear for a long time
       | that this was nothing more a form of American exceptionalist
       | propaganda. I wonder if it was ever true? I suspect not.
       | 
       | The tragic thing is it now appears that US STEM education (at
       | least for non-elite schools) is closer to the rote-
       | memorization/calculator-bot curriculums than every other school
       | system.
        
       | indianpianist wrote:
       | What is "Russian math" like? And how does it differ from math
       | curriculums taught in other areas of the world?
        
         | Koshkin wrote:
         | One notable example would be the undergraduate _Beginner's
         | Course in Topology - Geometric Chapters_ by Rokhlin et al.
         | (Some "beginner" one must be, to be able to read it.)
        
       | xivzgrev wrote:
       | This must be a hoax. In US, you solve math problems. In Russia,
       | math problems solve themselves!
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_Soviet_Russia
        
       | sega_sai wrote:
       | It's a weird article. I think this idea of 'Russian math' is very
       | nebulous, and is probably used as marketing tool nowadays by some
       | schools abroad. I have graduated from one of the top
       | physics/maths high schools in Russia, and yes we had great math
       | education there, but that was an outlier. Outside a handful of
       | schools the math education is pretty dismal. And even in the good
       | math schools there are different ways of teaching maths. I.e.
       | there is a famous system of 'sheets' where the actual teaching of
       | formal theory is very limited, while most of learning is done by
       | solving problems (given to you on a sheet) and then presenting
       | solutions to the teacher. But it wasn't used in our school for
       | example.
       | 
       | What definitely exists in Russia (or at least some big cities) is
       | a system of free after-school classes, where you can go and learn
       | how to solve olympiad-type math problems and become more
       | interested in maths. That is definitely extremely useful to
       | identify a few people who are talented in maths.
        
         | vladgur wrote:
         | Since we are piling anecdotes, I had an opposite experience --
         | I came to US after i had 9 grades of Soviet education in a
         | middle-of-the-run school in a large city in southern Ukraine.
         | 
         | The mathematical and sciences background instilled in me in
         | those 9 grades of Soviet school has allowed me to pretty much
         | sail through High School(grades 10 through 12) and almost
         | entire first year of college(as a CompSci Major at a University
         | of California campus) without having to flex my math and
         | science muscles.
        
         | phkahler wrote:
         | >> It's a weird article. I think this idea of 'Russian math' is
         | very nebulous
         | 
         | It felt a bit like a promotional piece. They really want to
         | drill the phrase "Russian Math" into your head, presumably to
         | promote the schools teaching it. That doesn't invalidate the
         | notion that they teach math better than US public schools, I'm
         | just offering a plausible explanation for the feel of the
         | article.
        
         | guga42k wrote:
         | >What definitely exists in Russia (or at least some big cities)
         | is a system of free after-school classes, where you can go and
         | learn how to solve olympiad-type math problems and become more
         | interested in maths
         | 
         | And for people outside of big cities there were schools-by-
         | correspondence famously running by Moscow State University for
         | math and MIPT for math/physics. The setup was you were mailed a
         | small booklet every month. You had to study the material, solve
         | problems and sent solutions back. The solutions were graded and
         | sent back to you. It was great on so many levels. First and the
         | most important aspect it taught discipline and time management.
         | The material was amazing when you were given gradual increase
         | in complexity instead of sheer volume of simple problems or a
         | few olympiad-level problems which can't be solved if you are
         | not there yet.
        
           | skeletal88 wrote:
           | I had that in Estonia as well, when I was in the gymnasium in
           | 2002-03. I applied to the school for.. Exact sciences that
           | was part of an university, for their informatics course. They
           | sent me booklets with lessons and exercises and i sent my
           | solutions, then received the next booklet with the results. I
           | wasn't good at that, but it was interesting.
        
         | golergka wrote:
         | Wait, are you a fellow 57er? I thought there might be quite a
         | lot of math school alumni on HN.
        
           | sega_sai wrote:
           | No, I'm from 'Vtoraia Shkola'. And I wouldn't be surprised at
           | all if there is a bias towards russian math school alumni
           | here.
        
         | markus_zhang wrote:
         | In China we used to have those after-hour classes too. Nowadays
         | they charge a lot of money and the material declines in quality
         | as well. Back then they hired some professors from the top
         | universities to do the teaching of after-hour classes and
         | nowadays who knows those guys are...
        
           | wantsanagent wrote:
           | Didn't they just ban for-profit tutoring like this? Do you
           | think that will have beneficial outcomes?
        
             | markus_zhang wrote:
             | Yeah they just did that not long ago. I wrote a reply for
             | that:
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27945213
        
         | dougSF70 wrote:
         | Somehow American Math doesn't have the same connotations. I am
         | witnessing public schools take math out of the curriculum at
         | elementary, middle and high schools. It is a wasted opportunity
         | for young people to learn the beauty of math.
        
           | handrous wrote:
           | Bizarre. Where I am math and English remain king and queen of
           | getting-on-the-schedule. Being "tested subjects" from very
           | early grades, is the main reason. They've all but eliminated
           | recess in elementary, and have reduced hours for things like
           | art & music, to make sure they have plenty of time for them,
           | since school prestige and funding rely heavily on testing
           | well _just_ in those two subjects.
        
             | starkd wrote:
             | That's a shame. Recess and play offer some of the best
             | learning experiences. Our schools are beginning to resemble
             | prisons. Heads down, sit up straight, stare at computer all
             | day.
        
             | civilized wrote:
             | Maybe there's good reason for that? Reading and math are
             | fundamental for a much broader range of occupations than
             | art and music.
        
               | dr-detroit wrote:
               | Once you reach the level of elite upper class most income
               | is generated by trading art these days
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | Was occupational training ever the primary goal of public
               | schooling -- even back in the days when most people went
               | directly to the workforce afterwards?
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | That, obedience training, and cultural induction.
        
               | telotortium wrote:
               | You'll have to decide what the "primary" goal is, but
               | there was certainly the sense in the past that a U.S.
               | high school graduate would be suitable for most jobs,
               | either blue collar (shop class used to be quite popular),
               | white collar (academic classes, particularly English), or
               | indeed housewife (home economy). No matter what, though,
               | a mastery of the 3 Rs (reading, writing, and arithmetic)
               | was considered essential to all of these (you have to
               | know arithmetic to balance your checkbook, do taxes,
               | measure for construction, etc.). High school wasn't
               | necessarily a specialized occupational school, but there
               | was an expectation you would be learning useful skills
               | for your future.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | That's what I'm getting at -- life skills are much more
               | broad than occupational skills. Art, PE, health, sports,
               | civics, etc. are taught in schools because they produce
               | people with more well-rounded life skills, not because it
               | produces better bankers or factory workers.
        
               | Telemakhos wrote:
               | It's an open secret among educators that the brightest
               | students learn to read at home. Early math is just
               | practicing the same arithmetic over and over, because the
               | logical skills for algebra just aren't present in a
               | seven-year-old. Art, music, and gym are actually really
               | important in early childhood development, because they
               | develop motor skills. Gym gives gross motor skills and
               | major muscular development, and art and music give fine
               | motor control. Penmanship is also important for
               | developing fine motor control. For young children who
               | can't yet engage in much logical reasoning, developing
               | motor skills is appropriate and important. We tend to
               | think in adult terms about what is the right thing for
               | kids to learn, but small children are not adults and need
               | to develop skills that adults take for granted.
        
               | civilized wrote:
               | Thanks, that's very interesting! My son's fine motor
               | skills are behind the rest of his development... maybe
               | art and music would help round him out.
        
               | handrous wrote:
               | Additionally, it's now understood that insufficient
               | exposure to very bright light (say, sunlight) during key
               | years is the main risk factor for nearsightedness.
               | Cutting time outdoors _during Winter_ , for lower-
               | elementary kids (K-2), when school is monopolizing a good
               | portion of daylight hours, is almost certain to increase
               | rates of nearsightedness. Cutting recess in young grades
               | _hurts kids ' eyes_, permanently.
        
               | azmodeus wrote:
               | I disagree with algebra being too difficult for a 7 year
               | old. You can learn geometric algebra at 7 with plastic
               | blocks. It's a common way to teach math in Eastern Europe
               | to young children afaik.
               | 
               | Excellent maths teachers can really bring a lot to the
               | table with geometrical approach throughout the years.
        
           | donny2018 wrote:
           | > I am witnessing public schools take math out of the
           | curriculum at elementary, middle and high schools.
           | 
           | Is that for real? If true, this is ridiculous. Do American
           | authorities want to introduce some kind of education for
           | plebs?
           | 
           | How is such low standard for basic education is even
           | acceptable in the modern world? It's not only about "beauty
           | of math" but at least basic math is required to help develop
           | some specific cognitive and thinking skills. You can't leave
           | that part of children's brain underdeveloped.
           | 
           | And cutting out math from schools you are deleting the future
           | for a huge number of kids. No more future engineers and
           | scientists and programmers etc.
           | 
           | I don't understand.
        
             | BitwiseFool wrote:
             | Funny you mention that, this was submitted earlier today:
             | _Oregon students shouldn't have to prove they can write or
             | do math to get diploma_
             | 
             | https://www.salemreporter.com/posts/4419/oregon-students-
             | sho...
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | That headline sounds a bit of an editorialized
               | interpretation of the situation. The debate doesn't seem
               | to be whether or not they prove their skills, it is a
               | debate over who they prove them to, and when a change
               | should be implemented.
        
             | dougSF70 wrote:
             | Yes it's TRUE. In SF the schools district removed Algebra
             | from the middle school curriculum. You should read The
             | Dictators Handbook, it details why dismantling education
             | piece by piece is a great way to stay in power. You'd
             | expect it in a dictatorship but not in SF.
        
               | starkd wrote:
               | Happening in Oregon too
               | https://www.oregonlive.com/politics/2021/08/gov-kate-
               | brown-s...
        
               | hexane360 wrote:
               | It appears that that move has _increased_ enrollment in
               | higher level math classes in high school:
               | https://www.sfchronicle.com/education/article/SF-schools-
               | mov...
               | 
               | See also some of the motivation behind the change:
               | https://priceonomics.com/why-did-san-francisco-schools-
               | stop-...
               | 
               | I would argue part of the problem with the American
               | system is that trying to rush students through a rigid
               | curriculum leaves the teachers no choice but to teach by
               | rote memorization and cookie-cutter problems. Slowing
               | down the curriculum is part (but not all) of the fix.
               | 
               | Still, whether or not this policy is good, it takes a lot
               | of spin to turn "San Fransisco is starting algebra a year
               | later" into "witnessing public schools take math out of
               | the curriculum at elementary, middle and high schools",
               | which is what you claimed.
        
               | qweqwweqwe-90i wrote:
               | Well, according to that article "Advanced Placement
               | calculus courses has declined by nearly 13 percent over
               | the past two years."
               | 
               | Anyway, the policy was made with intention of forcing
               | equality, not improving math education.
        
               | filoleg wrote:
               | You are both correct, but the comment you were replying
               | to was definitely written in a way that feels misleading
               | about "increased enrollment in higher level math classes
               | in high school".
               | 
               | TL;DR from someone who read the full article: that change
               | caused an increase in Precalculus enrollment and a
               | decrease in AP Calculus enrollment.
               | 
               | Which I don't really feel good about. The quote closer to
               | the end made me feel even worse:
               | 
               | >"For so long, people have held up this idea that AP
               | Calculus is the gold standard (for college admission),"
               | Lizzy Hull Barnes said, a district math supervisor
               | 
               | And those kids haven't entered college at the time of
               | writing, and the article points out that they indeed
               | don't know how this change will affect college admission
               | prospects of those students. Time will tell, and
               | hopefully my bad feeling about this change was misplaced.
               | But given that this was written over 2 years ago (so most
               | of those high school students have graduated by now), and
               | we haven't had a follow-up "this change brought us some
               | great benefits" article, I am afraid the results might
               | have not shown any benefits of this approach.
        
           | StellarTabi wrote:
           | Wait, why I have been hearing non-stop astro-turfing about
           | "CRT in schools" in the last 6 months and I've never heard
           | once about math being taken out? This sounds really serious,
           | is there more I can read about Math being removed from public
           | schools?
        
             | caffeine wrote:
             | These are the same thing. The policy is to remove
             | educational disparity. Naturally force flows along the path
             | of least resistance - rather than raising everyone up,
             | which is hard, we are simply removing anything difficult
             | from the curriculum, which is much easier (at the expense
             | of actually educating anyone, a goal that nobody cares
             | about much any more).
             | 
             | The easiest way to make equality is to multiply both sides
             | by zero.
        
               | starkd wrote:
               | Many in teachers' unions don't want to be rated on how
               | badly public schools are doing. It's not all the fault of
               | teachers, granted, but incentives of the union here is
               | not always aligned with the students. Many don't want to
               | hear it, but it needs to be said as a factor.
               | 
               | There are a lot of these initiatives - like Russian math
               | - popping up serving as test cases for how to teach
               | subjects. I think online programs are injecting some
               | badly needed new energy.
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | > incentives of the union here is not always aligned with
               | the students
               | 
               | I don't know why this would surprise anyone.
               | 
               | The union represents the teachers. It absolutely doesn't
               | represent the students - none of them are members!
               | 
               | As far as a rational teaching union is concerned, the
               | government, the general public, schools, parents, and
               | students, are all the enemy.
        
               | starkd wrote:
               | I hate to think that about a teachers, but it sure looks
               | that way.
        
         | lotusmars wrote:
         | > What definitely exists in Russia (or at least some big
         | cities) is a system of free after-school classe
         | 
         | I've been studying in a "respected" Soviet / early post-Soviet
         | school.
         | 
         | These classes were super elitist and had a huge disconnect in
         | their level from what you were taught in regular classes.
         | 
         | I was a straight A student and was shut off very quickly. The
         | problems were enormous in their difficulty and teachers had
         | zero interest in helping or educating you.
         | 
         | Those classes were either for 0,1% genius olympiadniks to be
         | later recruited for Soviet science or defense, or for 0,1%
         | elite (Soviet nomenclature) kids whose parents could afford
         | private education.
         | 
         | Along with other naive/poor kids I was quite quickly reminded
         | that I'm not welcome in the circle.
         | 
         | Just a reminder that Soviet system had very entrenched elites
         | and huge discrepancy in access to education, medicine and
         | goods.
        
           | varjag wrote:
           | Yeah same. Our town had a "smart kids" school and a dozen of
           | ordinary ones. I once won the town's informatics Olympiad in
           | my age cohort, so to prepare for the regional stage they
           | dispatched me over to that school's auspices for training.
           | The teacher literally ignored my presence; so in the next
           | competition I had to use both IBM PC and Pascal for the first
           | time in my life. Scored something like 12th out of 40, but
           | the teacher gloated on the way back.
           | 
           | I seriously think the "no child left behind" type education
           | so derided here produces better general outcome. Holding up
           | resources for a few select students is quite the opposite of
           | meritocracy.
        
           | please-reread wrote:
           | sorry to hear you were not oplymiadniks material :(
        
             | lotusmars wrote:
             | I know you're trolling yet this approach turned off not
             | only me but lots of talented kids from math and technology
             | for years.
             | 
             | We thought we were "bad at math" when in reality our
             | parents couldn't afford to buy teachers' unofficial private
             | time.
             | 
             | Education (or diplomas and connections to be exact) was a
             | huge status symbol in USSR.
        
           | aj3 wrote:
           | Eh, I've studied in a "respected" post-Soviet school as well
           | and can't related to this at all. Teachers were awesome and
           | passionate, had really thorough understanding of math (and
           | physics, and chemistry), without any hint of elitism.
           | 
           | It's almost as if there are good and bad math teachers (in
           | all countries).
        
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