[HN Gopher] Surveys show Americans want more walkable cities
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       Surveys show Americans want more walkable cities
        
       Author : jseliger
       Score  : 515 points
       Date   : 2021-08-06 21:39 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.governing.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.governing.com)
        
       | arsome wrote:
       | Now ask them if they'd rather have walkable cities and condos or
       | detached homes and cars. I think you'll find the conflict rather
       | quickly.
        
       | Pxtl wrote:
       | People say this until you explain the details. Sure they want
       | walkability, but density? "I don't want to live in some awful
       | human hive". Parking? "why would I go anywhere where I have to
       | pay for parking?"
       | 
       | Walkability flows from density, And NIMBYism has killed that.
        
       | specialist wrote:
       | There are ~1.2 billion cars globally. Expected to grow to ~1.8b
       | by 2050? About the time many carbon zero targets are supposed to
       | be achieved.
       | 
       | And yet. Any proposal that a tiny fraction of all the cheddar
       | supporting automobiles be repurposed for nefarious questionable
       | uses, like maybe add a few bike lanes, triggers a violent
       | reaction accompanied by charges of being an anti-car jihadist.
        
       | sandworm101 wrote:
       | Has anyone done a recent survey of how many people want more free
       | parking spots? More traffic lanes? More bridges and tunnels for
       | cars? Do people want higher or lower speed limits? Cheaper or
       | more expensive gas for cars? More or fewer lanes dedicated to
       | busses/bikes? We should not jump to conculsions about what people
       | want before asking all relevant questions.
       | 
       | Everyone wants more walkable cities. Thats like asking if people
       | want cleaner water or better hospitals. Such questions are
       | meaningless on thier own.
        
       | DoreenMichele wrote:
       | I think one of the things we need to do is actively work at
       | decoupling parking from specific buildings. We currently require
       | x number of parking spaces per residential unit or per commercial
       | venue and it helps keep us trapped in a situation where you need
       | a car to make your life work.
       | 
       | We need to find ways to accommodate parking in a way that helps
       | us be flexible and let's people who prefer cars keep them without
       | making them a privileged class pushing out all other options.
       | 
       | We don't really talk about that. We talk in an either/or fashion
       | rather than talking about how to make it genuinely optional and a
       | personal choice. We expect everyone to get on the same page and
       | agree rather than working on saying "We don't really need this
       | much parking. The parking lots are never full. Let's scale back
       | the parking and make it shared somehow so there's enough parking,
       | not too much parking and it no longer strangles mixed use,
       | walkable development."
        
         | tadfisher wrote:
         | When visiting family in Germany I really enjoyed the practice
         | in smaller towns of having one large parking facility outside
         | of the city center, and having basically no parking available
         | in the city center itself. The psychological sensation was
         | uplifting, because normally when walking in a city I am
         | subconsciously aware of the ever-present danger of death by
         | automobile and all of my movements reflect that.
        
       | atum47 wrote:
       | Back in 2020 I moved to Sao Paulo to start a new job, fresh out
       | of college. I knew the biggest problem people that live there
       | face is the commute, so I was smart about it. I rented a place 30
       | minutes walking from the job and bought a electric scooter. My
       | day started at 10, so I could wake up at 9, walk or ride the
       | scooter to work (Sao Paulo have some great bike lanes). On
       | raining days I would call an Uber. Back in the day they would
       | offer a "shared" ride, where the driver would pick up anyone in
       | their routes. It was extra cheap, sometimes less then a dollar to
       | go from work to home. Then, everything changed when the Covid
       | attacked
        
       | miccah wrote:
       | I'm happy to hear this statistic, but American cities need to
       | change so much to make it happen - mainly removing cars as other
       | commenters pointed out. A good start would be making public
       | transportation more available through buses and trains, followed
       | by limiting cars in already more walkable areas of the city.
       | 
       | Not Just Bikes is a great YouTube channel that explores city
       | planning and often compares American cities to cities in the
       | Netherlands. He has a video on Strong Towns as well.
       | 
       | https://youtube.com/c/NotJustBikes
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | elevenoh wrote:
       | I want to live in a healthy, beautiful, walkable city.
       | 
       | Vancouver BC was the only primary fit for this in USA/Canada.
        
       | yazaddaruvala wrote:
       | I'd love to see mega blocks:
       | 
       | Specifically, make a mega mall underground (with parking under
       | that), with a single 10 story building above for office space
       | (open offices already don't really have windows). You can build
       | the building to have gaps where the roads should be, but more
       | like tunnels. Then another 10-15 huge 50-80 story towers above
       | the office space. Between the towers on the "roof" of the office
       | space, a giant park with bike lanes and scooters.
       | 
       | It's a mall (with everything you need), an office, parking spots,
       | a park and "a neighborhood".
       | 
       | I also think North America needs more apartments that are
       | 3000-4000 sqft (4 bedroom 6 bathroom multi-story condos).
        
       | pgustafs wrote:
       | One point that seems to be missing from this discussion is
       | climate.
       | 
       | Walkable cities: NYC, Chicago, SF, Boston, Seattle
       | 
       | Urban hellscapes: LA, Houston, Atlanta, Phoenix
       | 
       | Simple explanation -- people don't want to walk around in the
       | heat.
        
       | gerdesj wrote:
       | A family member landed a job about 17 odd years ago in Plano, TX
       | (EDS).
       | 
       | The family across the road drove over to say hi.
        
       | antb123 wrote:
       | Walkable is good... Bikeable is even better
        
       | dkhenry wrote:
       | If you want more walkable cities you have to stop subsidizing the
       | suburban sprawl that has been paid for with debt spending. The
       | infrastructure that is falling apart around us is happening
       | because its unsustainable, and if we just print 1T dollars every
       | few years to kick the can down the road all you do is create a
       | bigger problem to be solved in 20 years.
        
         | foxpurple wrote:
         | American suburbs are largely a Ponzi scheme. They start out
         | with loads of funding to build out all of the infrastructure
         | and then in 20 years they can not afford to replace it all so
         | they are funded by building another suburb. Eventually most of
         | them will fail or some economic trick will be pulled to fund
         | them.
        
         | zdragnar wrote:
         | If the full 1.2T were actually on roads, we would have much
         | nicer roads. Quite a bit of it goes to not-car spending.
        
           | dkhenry wrote:
           | If that specific bill was the only debt we were printing to
           | subsidize car dependence it would be bad enough, however the
           | majority of spending is done by municipalities which sits
           | currently at 4T and its estimated we need to add 6T to that
           | over the next 10 years to keep up with repairs. After we have
           | spent that 10T we will then have to repair all the roads
           | built in the past 20 years which is growing at about 500,000
           | miles of roads per decade.
        
       | foxpurple wrote:
       | I recently moved from a house in the suburbs in Australia to an
       | apartment in the city. Got rid of my car and now I just walk to
       | everything I need. I couldn't be happier. Driving was such a huge
       | stress on my life that is now gone. I can get anything I need
       | within a 10 minute walk.
       | 
       | The thing is it just doesn't seem like the average person is
       | willing to give up single family houses to gain walkability. For
       | me, I would never go back.
        
         | occz wrote:
         | >The thing is it just doesn't seem like the average person is
         | willing to give up single family houses to gain walkability.
         | 
         | As other comments have mentioned, you can have both. In
         | addition to that, the reason that people choose single family-
         | houses is not necessarily entirely by preference: almost all of
         | the land zoned for housing in the U.S is zoned for single
         | family-homes. Add onto that some arcane rules about minimum
         | parking amounts, minimum setbacks from the street, and the
         | fully absurd standard to which suburban streets are created
         | (too wide, essentially mini-highways), and you get the mess
         | that exists right now.
         | 
         | By addressing these problems, you'll go a long way to improve
         | walkability.
        
           | aix1 wrote:
           | >> The thing is it just doesn't seem like the average person
           | is willing to give up single family houses to gain
           | walkability.
           | 
           | > As other comments have mentioned, you can have both.
           | 
           | Absolutely. As an example, much of London offers both.
        
         | masterof0 wrote:
         | I have the same experience. I live in a city where every place
         | I need to go to is at walking distance. Rarely I take an Uber ,
         | an even then , is way cheaper than having a car loan, car
         | insurance and gas expenses. Every time I mention this topic
         | here in the US, people seem to get a little bit defensive, and
         | say: "America is so great, that everyone can afford cars and no
         | one takes the bus".
        
         | iammisc wrote:
         | Or... hear me out. You could just build walkable suburbs. Why
         | there is a distinction between 'suburb' and 'smaller city' is
         | beyond me, but there really is.
         | 
         | A small city still has a walkable downtown core with apartments
         | around which there is a small area of single family homes
         | within walking distance to the downtown area.
         | 
         | A suburb is just tracts of single family homes and nothing else
         | for miles on end. No real 'business area', certainly no
         | walkable one.
         | 
         | We could just talk a normal suburb, rezone some homes to
         | business districts and take cars off that street. Voila. Now
         | you have a mini downtown near a bunch of single family homes.
         | Oh yeah, and you have a nice business district that's cheaper
         | than the real downtown that is a good launching place for local
         | businesses. win win win.
         | 
         | Now do that everywhere, and then connect the little townie
         | areas via rapid transit and you have something lovely.
        
           | xputer wrote:
           | Amen to that. Actually getting it done is a big hairy problem
           | I'm afraid though :(
        
           | bnralt wrote:
           | That seems to be the direction things are moving in. There
           | was a move a few decades back away from malls and towards
           | "town centers," which were basically a mix between a mall and
           | a downtown area - a few blocks of pedestrian friendly streets
           | filled with shops, surrounded by a ton of parking buildings.
           | The current trend (from what I've seen) seems to be to try to
           | integrate nearby single-family homes into the development, as
           | well as increasing the density a bit. Now they're starting to
           | feel like small downtown areas in the middle of the suburbs.
        
           | linguae wrote:
           | Exactly. I lived in Kawasaki, Japan, which is a large suburb
           | of both Tokyo and Yokohama. Much of Kawasaki is walkable and
           | has amenities such as restaurants, grocery stores, and
           | shopping centers within no more than a 15-minute walk from
           | most residences. Kawasaki is also served by many commuter
           | train lines; once again, the majority of residents live
           | within 15-minute walking distance from a train station, and
           | there are local buses that serve those who live too far to
           | easily walk to a train station (and even in these places a
           | train station is generally 30 minutes away walking distance).
           | 
           | Suburbs don't have to be car-dependent; most of Tokyo's
           | suburbs are transit-oriented (some of them were actually
           | planned by railroad companies) and are generally walkable.
        
             | ulfw wrote:
             | Kawasaki has a population of 1.5 Million people. Hardly
             | just a "suburb"
        
           | ericmay wrote:
           | These are called walkable neighborhoods. And when you start
           | building them and connecting them to one another you
           | get............. Walkable cities!
        
           | throw0101a wrote:
           | > _You could just build walkable suburbs. Why there is a
           | distinction between 'suburb' and 'smaller city' is beyond me,
           | but there really is._
           | 
           | The _Not Just Bikes_ channel semi-recently did a video on
           | "streetcar suburbs":
           | 
           | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MWsGBRdK2N0
           | 
           | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streetcar_suburb
           | 
           | It's how things used to be built pre-WW2.
        
             | kasey_junk wrote:
             | I grew up on the south side of Indianapolis perhaps one of
             | the worst walkable places there is. There are major streets
             | there still named for street car service "Stop 11/Stop
             | 12/etc".
             | 
             | The wild thing is that it was direct public policy that
             | lead to the death of extensive public transit there.
        
           | foxpurple wrote:
           | You can kind of have it if you mean walkable to just the
           | general store, a cafe and a few other things but you can
           | never have everything because many kinds of stores can only
           | exist with a certain population close enough.
           | 
           | What I love about living in the city is literally
           | _everything_ I need is within walking distance. I have not
           | used a car or any form of public transport in months and have
           | felt no need to, I can buy anything within walking distance
           | and all offices for any job I would take in this state are
           | within walking distance. You just can't have that with houses
           | because each house takes up a significant space which you
           | have to walk past to get anywhere.
        
             | KarlKemp wrote:
             | Even with single-family housing, the density is high enough
             | to support a supermarket and other stores that are visited
             | at a rate of once per month within walking distance,
             | easily.
             | 
             | Source: the town I grew up in: https://www.google.com/maps/
             | dir/51.2413047,6.9602975/51.2481...
             | 
             | Population is 36,000 or so. I've added the walking distance
             | from the outskirts to the very center, which is 2.3km.
             | You'll note that there are supermarkets distributed
             | throughout, usually within a few hundred meters.
             | 
             | If you need anything special, it takes 30 minutes by public
             | transport (https://www.google.com/maps/dir/51.2413047,6.960
             | 2975/K%C3%B6... ) to a shopping district in the next larger
             | town, which has any type or brand of retail that exists in
             | this country (Streetview: https://www.google.com/maps/@51.2
             | 254878,6.7800095,3a,75y,64....)
        
             | 2muchcoffeeman wrote:
             | I guess it depends on which suburb. Some suburbs in Sydney
             | are fairly liveable. Especially where there is a mix of
             | housing, or, as much as I hate them, large apartment
             | complexes. You can get all the things you need and have a
             | few restaurants, all within walking distance.
             | 
             | Other suburbs, especially those huge "communities" with
             | lots of cookie cutter homes seem really isolated. You have
             | to drive.
        
             | iammisc wrote:
             | I just disagree. I live in the very environment you claim
             | doesn't exist
        
               | mrgordon wrote:
               | Where is that? You may have a different idea of walkable
               | than the other poster. As soon as you have tons of
               | parking spaces, mandatory setbacks, etc. you've taken
               | much of the room away from pedestrians forcing them to
               | walk much longer distances (often in bad weather) to get
               | to where they want to go. That's why the two are at such
               | odds.
        
               | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
               | Then don't do that. You only need tons of parking and
               | mandatory setbacks if you've designed the area for lots
               | of cars going too fast. If you just don't, then suddenly
               | a lot more ends up being in walking distance, and you
               | don't need as much parking because more people are
               | walking or biking.
        
               | mrgordon wrote:
               | Well of course this is what I prefer. But the other
               | poster was saying they didn't see why cities can't be
               | designed for cars AND for pedestrians. My point is that
               | the policies put in place in almost all American cities
               | for cars (mandatory parking requirements in new
               | buildings, lots of street parking or parking lots,
               | mandatory setbacks from the street for buildings, highway
               | entrances, etc.) work directly against making a city
               | dense enough to be able to easily walk to enough things
               | that you don't end up resorting to cars.
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | I live in Portland city limits but not downtown. Where I
               | live was built as a suburb but the city grew into it.
               | Actually Portland has a lot of these downtowney areas and
               | they're surrounded by blocks and blocks of single family
               | homes and small apartments
               | 
               | But if you go farther out into newer developments, they
               | just abandoned this lovely system and made awful cookie
               | cutter burbs.
               | 
               | Before this I lived in San Rafael and larkspur in Marin
               | county which also have nice downtowney areas surrounded
               | by single family homes. Old Marin county had just this
               | pattern of walkable enough neighborhoods with tiny
               | downtowns. I don't see why this sort of thing isn't
               | possible. When I lived there I walked everywhere
        
               | mrgordon wrote:
               | Portland is a pretty unique place. They famously drew a
               | circle around the city and said development can't go
               | outside of that area which forced a certain density and
               | allowed transit to be planned well in advance.
               | 
               | I didn't spent a ton of time there and admittedly it was
               | January so it was quite frigid, but the distances can
               | still feel quite long between things outside of downtown.
               | Portland made a few mistakes when they embraced car
               | culture including getting rid of their street cars like
               | many American cities. They also annexed a lot of less
               | walkable areas around the city. There is no subway and
               | the light rail seems well run but it doesn't exactly
               | cover the whole city. My sense is that most people who
               | want to walk will end up biking or taking some form of
               | transit in many neighborhoods because of the distances
               | between things. In the winter it was quite hard to find
               | lively streets and public squares to be quite honest. I
               | suspect it's because it's easier to just drive when it's
               | cold, things are a bit far, etc.
               | 
               | Marin is lovely but most of it is extremely spread out.
               | There are a few towns like you mentioned that one could
               | conceivably get by without a car but it's not easy.
               | Looking at San Rafael, Google Maps shows 4th street is a
               | walking area (denoted in beige) and a very small area a
               | few blocks south near the Safeway around 1st and 2nd
               | streets but it isn't a very big area. Usually a giant
               | chain supermarket is a pretty clear sign that things were
               | designed for cars and not for pedestrians who would
               | typically be better served by neighborhood markets and
               | small shops near their house to grab some essentials.
               | Zooming in near the walkable areas of San Rafael, Google
               | Maps instantly highlights many car oriented businesses
               | like at 2nd street and D street where we see a Chevron
               | gas station, an Arco gas station, and an O'Reilly Auto
               | Parts store all on one corner. I don't know about you but
               | even if it's technically walkable that's not what I want
               | to walk through every day when I go outside especially if
               | I need to walk past it to get to the train to commute to
               | work, etc. A major highway cuts through the east side of
               | the city which also limits expansion of pleasant walking
               | areas and litters the area with on-ramps and other car-
               | centric design.
               | 
               | Marin county famously blocked BART from expanding north
               | in order to keep out the "riff-raff". These sorts of
               | decisions had major consequences and while you can find a
               | few blocks here and there that are walkable, the county
               | as a whole is largely long drives through tree covered
               | asphalt in order to get between areas.
               | 
               | If you're happy with a few blocks of downtown then
               | admittedly some of the towns probably meet your needs but
               | it's not exactly designed for most people to live a car-
               | free live. Even the Bank of America ATM there proudly
               | shows on Google that it's a drive-through ATM which I've
               | never seen once in Europe (or San Francisco for that
               | matter)
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | Close-in marin, so Sausalito, Marin city, Larkspur, Corte
               | Madera, San Rafael, and the 'Sir Francis Drake corridor'
               | (San Anselmo, Kentfield, etc) are very walkable. I don't
               | really understand the consternation about bart, the bus
               | service is reliable, and both the marin transit and
               | golden gate transit are the gold standard in american
               | public bus service IMO. Clean, WIFI, nice seats...
               | 
               | My wife and I frequently took public buses into San
               | Francisco for date nights, and would come back late (last
               | bus arrives past midnight, IIRC).
               | 
               | > Marin county famously blocked BART from expanding north
               | in order to keep out the "riff-raff".
               | 
               | Really good idea. Marin is a lovely place, and BART is
               | famously terrible. Until the other cities in the bay area
               | manage to enforce some semblance of law, I don't blame
               | Marin for wanting nothing to do with them.
               | 
               | > Zooming in near the walkable areas of San Rafael,
               | Google Maps instantly highlights many car oriented
               | businesses like at 2nd street and D street where we see a
               | Chevron gas station, an Arco gas station, and an O'Reilly
               | Auto Parts store all on one corner.
               | 
               | Living in a walkable area does not imply removing every
               | reminder of a car LOL.
               | 
               | > They famously drew a circle around the city and said
               | development can't go outside of that area which forced a
               | certain density and allowed transit to be planned well in
               | advance.
               | 
               | This is not why Portland developed this way. There are
               | many places within the metro area that have not. Portland
               | developed this way because it started as many small towns
               | that merged, similar to Marin. The difference between PDX
               | and Marin is that PDX is today much denser, but the basic
               | layout is the same.
               | 
               | I'll also note that you're getting really bogged down
               | with the fact Marin has no public rapid train transit, as
               | if thats necessary for walkability. Marin is walkable
               | because there are so many downtowns, if you live nearby,
               | you just go to your downtown, and the downtowns it does
               | have are spectacular. Downtown San Anselmo, Fairfax, etc
               | are IMO the definition of an American downtown. They are
               | so charming it's painful.
        
               | unishark wrote:
               | Well if businesses are clustered together for the
               | convenience of drivers, it will also be especially easy
               | to access for the people living close enough to walk. But
               | the math may hold be that this cannot be so possible for
               | everyone.
        
               | strix_varius wrote:
               | So do I! I'm kind of baffled reading this thread - folks
               | are discussing my neighborhood as if it's a theoretical
               | impossibility.
               | 
               | A "small" SFH lot is 0.15 acres. That's over 6,500 square
               | feet! You can comfortably build a >2,000 square foot
               | house with a front and back yard, off-street parking,
               | garden, trees, etc in that space. Simultaneously, it will
               | only require about 50 ft of sidewalk length.
               | 
               | My wife and I share one car, which we primarily use to
               | visit friends in the suburbs. I walk to the grocery,
               | dining, bars, coffee shops, parks, greenways.
               | 
               | Our house is nearly 100 years old. We would have loved to
               | buy something newer, but American neighborhoods haven't
               | been designed in this sensible way for a long time.
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | We must be twins. My lot is 0.14 acres. My house is a two
               | story colonial plus finished basement. Easily > 2500sqft
               | with room to spare.
               | 
               | Also a hundred years old. They don't build them like this
               | anymore.
               | 
               | One car as well. For further out things or things I need
               | to get to fast, I bike. The car is used to visit grandma
               | and grandpa about 15 miles away, to go shopping for big
               | items, and that's it
        
           | bcrosby95 wrote:
           | Our suburb has some medical and dental offices in the center
           | of it. Yay, something I do a couple times a year is within
           | walking distance. Talk about useless.
           | 
           | Groceries are about 2 miles away. Which would be bikable if
           | the infrastructure was there. In my experience it would be
           | easier to reach bikability than walkability. Most suburbs are
           | already somewhat bikable aside from the infrastructure.
        
           | granshaw wrote:
           | This exists in some areas for example the closer Chicago
           | "suburbs" like Lakeview
           | 
           | There the lot sizes aren't big so there's density, but at the
           | same time no high rises so it still feels pleasant. And every
           | few blocks is zoned commercial
        
         | jackson1442 wrote:
         | We need more apartments for purchase rather than renting in
         | America. That's practically unheard of in Texas- just about
         | anything in a shared building is only for rent.
        
           | mateo411 wrote:
           | This exists. It's usually called a condo or a townhome. I'm
           | sure they exist in Texas too. You'll find them in more urban
           | areas. They aren't as popular during a pandemic, but they
           | usually cost less than a house, and if the organization is
           | functioning well enough, then you also have the outside
           | maintenance covered.
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | A nice condo in Dallas currently goes for $400k with a
             | $700/month HOA assessment.
        
           | foxpurple wrote:
           | That seems to be the norm in Australia. When a building gets
           | approved, the developer puts all the apartments up for sale
           | before it gets built. Of course most of them get sold to
           | landlords but it's not one company that owns the whole
           | building and there is nothing stopping you buying one as they
           | are always selling.
        
           | brighton36 wrote:
           | I think the problems of governance are non-trivial in tenant-
           | owned apartments. Not that they can't work, obviously. But, I
           | think the ability to 'vote with your feet', is a bit more
           | powerful than the ability to reconcile disagreements between
           | owners.
        
             | Gigachad wrote:
             | I think for things to work, we need to seriously cut down
             | the fees for selling a house. The fees and laws are set up
             | for someone who buys/sells once every few decades. So if
             | you move frequently, there is no way you could be a owner
             | without taking serious losses.
        
           | standardUser wrote:
           | Landlords hoard housing and sell it back to people for a
           | profit. It's arguable that most people would be better off
           | buying their housing directly, but like you say the options
           | are extremely limited.
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | Condos have their own problems. See the collapsed building in
           | Miami.
        
             | jandrese wrote:
             | That is a freak accident, the more common problem with
             | condos is the management jacking up the fees and trapping
             | people in the building because nobody wants to buy a unit
             | in a building with outrageous fees.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Would the condo board not be able to cancel the contract
               | with the management company?
        
             | foxpurple wrote:
             | I'm not sure why a freak accident should be used as an
             | example of anything. If anything it stands to show how
             | insanely problem free modern buildings are if one building
             | falling down is shocking news globally and known as one of
             | the worst non malicious building issues in the developed
             | world.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | > I'm not sure why a freak accident should be used as an
               | example of anything.
               | 
               | Maybe follow the news a little more. Several MSM outlets
               | over the last month have done in-depth stories about the
               | fundamental problems with the condo model of ownership
               | and maintainance. It has nothing inherently to do with
               | construction methods; the evidence is that what happened
               | in FL is a risk in an awful lot of condos all over the
               | US.
        
               | 55555 wrote:
               | Would you mind sharing a link?
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/01/us/condo-associations-
               | sur...
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | The incentives do not line up since condo owners who will
               | be out before problems affect them will vote to kick the
               | can down the road. Even if other buildings do not
               | collapse, it is common to hear of excessive repair bills
               | because of it being delayed until the last minute.
               | 
               | This happens with cities too, but the tax base is greater
               | to spread the cost over and there is a higher likelihood
               | of more qualified people working, rather than on
               | individual condo boards.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | I wonder if anyone knows how this works in countries with
               | widespread apartment ownership. Same model, but done
               | right? Different model?
        
         | jandrese wrote:
         | Kids are a problem. Areas in the city with good walkability
         | often have horrific school districts. You also get trapped
         | renting.
        
       | tmccrary55 wrote:
       | I want more bikeable cities.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | kory wrote:
       | I want to live in a walkable streetcar suburb:
       | 
       | * Reasonably sized (2-3k soft) lots
       | 
       | * Homes built with a variety of beautiful architecture
       | 
       | * Area is not overbuilt to the point where all greenery and
       | sunlight are gone and replaced by large buildings
       | 
       | * alleys behind the lot, with garages hidden, to keep a single
       | car (which is still really necessary in modern life)
       | 
       | * small, thin, tree-lined streets
       | 
       | * within walking distance to locally-owned bakery, a grocery
       | store, coffee shop, public transit, etc.
       | 
       | The problem with living in these desirable, walkable,
       | neighborhoods is that once they're built up enough, there is
       | intense lobby to fill the the area with higher density housing
       | because of the critical mass of services available.
       | 
       | Of course, that's necessary, but buying in these areas put you at
       | big risk of having to move away if you don't like massive density
       | increases, whereas buying in a suburb protects you from that
       | change.
        
         | chapium wrote:
         | You want to live in St Louis then. Not the suburbs but the city
         | of St. Louis. It matches your requirements to a T. Outside St.
         | Louis city county however is the complete opposite.
        
         | tbihl wrote:
         | The narrow streets with trees is essential. When I used to live
         | in San Diego, the street next to my house, 1 lane in each
         | direction plus parking, was at least 40 ft wide. It was
         | treacherous to cross and obviously people flew down it.
         | 
         | Now I live in a temperate east coast city with tree canopies
         | across the street, which in front of my house is only 19 ft
         | wide. I know because it's narrow enough that I was able to use
         | a normal tape measure. 19 ft accommodates parking on one side,
         | with just barely enough space to squeeze two cars passing each
         | other (though in reality they take turns, as at a narrow
         | bridge.) Still plenty of room for ambulances and fire trucks,
         | and ample space for the police to drive recklessly fast.
        
           | clairity wrote:
           | yah, it's surprising to know that most cars are only 6ft
           | wide, and bigger trucks typically 7ft wide. my street is ~40
           | ft wide, and reckless/distracted drivers threaten pedestrian
           | safety all the time (running stop signs, staring at phones,
           | etc.). needless to say i've yelled at my share of them. i'd
           | love to replace the parking lanes with protected/grade-
           | separated bike lanes and put in a tree-filled median. not
           | only would that make the drivers more mindful, but it would
           | make the neighborhood more pleasant and walkable/bikeable.
        
         | notJim wrote:
         | How do you feel about medium density? I live in a neighborhood
         | with some of the qualities you describe, and it has lots of
         | small courtyard condos, and 2-3 story apartment buildings.
         | These would've been illegal to build up until the last year or
         | so, but I feel like they're not at all disruptive. I would say
         | even a 5 story building on the main streets is fine in the kind
         | of neighborhood you're describing. This gets you a lot of
         | density without necessarily changing the feel of the
         | neighborhood that much.
        
           | kory wrote:
           | They built tall, 3 story, modern "block" townhomes in the
           | backyard next to my 100+ year-old home. They stick out
           | (nothing else on the block is remotely as tall or modern),
           | block sunlight in my back yard all winter, and critically
           | damaged a 100 year old tree in my backyard (of course,
           | nothing I can do about that--developer got away with it).
           | 
           | They are a massive eyesore and have made my outdoor space
           | just...frustrating and no longer private. Every time I go
           | back there, I see the giant black wall next door. We're
           | planning to put up 30ft tall, thin trees, at our expense,
           | just to try and restore the space to where it was before.
           | Developer walks away with his money and I get to pay for it.
           | 
           | The challenge with medium density is that it's built without
           | existing residents' thoughts in mind w/ regards to footprint,
           | design, size, etc. You end up with neighborhoods that aren't
           | cohesive. Of course, requiring existing residents' input
           | means that there would probably never be new housing, so that
           | isn't a realistic option.
           | 
           | The people that moved in are great people, and we need more
           | housing where I live. Change is gonna happen whether I like
           | it or not. We have a housing crisis. New housing is
           | eventually going to be built somewhere, and it's going to
           | come for neighborhoods with the most walkability and services
           | first.
        
             | notJim wrote:
             | > Of course, requiring existing residents' input means that
             | there would probably never be new housing, so that isn't a
             | realistic option.
             | 
             | Yeah it's unfortunate there's not really a way to say "this
             | is getting built, but you have some influence on the
             | details". From what I've seen, a lot of cities have things
             | like design review and environmental review, but they're
             | just used for predatory delay, which just inflates costs
             | and timelines.
        
         | jltsiren wrote:
         | As a rule of thumb, you need 10k people / square km (25k people
         | / square mile) to sustain local services and to enable most
         | people live without using a car daily. If 50% of land area is
         | used for streets, parks, and commercial purposes, that 2-3k lot
         | should house at least five people. I believe the average
         | single-family home in an area with no housing shortage houses
         | ~2 people.
         | 
         | Once population density is substantially below that, there are
         | not enough people to support public transit outside specific
         | routes. Most people will need a car in their daily life. You
         | can still find basic services such as supermarkets within a
         | walking distance, but more specialized services such as
         | restaurants and coffee shops become scarce outside central
         | areas.
        
           | noahtallen wrote:
           | You could still have a mix in that area. A handful of
           | apartment buildings or multi-family homes/lots at medium
           | density could solve the density problem without going
           | overkill
        
         | iammisc wrote:
         | > The problem with living in these desirable, walkable,
         | neighborhoods is that once they're built up enough, activists
         | lobby to destroy what was built to fill it with high density
         | housing because of the critical mass of services available to
         | the area.
         | 
         | You're absolutely right. I live in one of these neighborhoods
         | (actually literally was built as a streetcar suburb) and we
         | have historic district protections so we're safe.
         | 
         | However, the impetus to build the 'high-density' housing is
         | because we stopped building neighborhoods like mine with a
         | corner store, bakeries, grocery store and restaurants within
         | walking distance.
         | 
         | IMO, new developments of tract homes should mandate that within
         | the housing tract, the developer makes a business district with
         | space for local businesses.
         | 
         | It's simply the fact that we have a massive business shortage
         | in this country that people feel the need to build high-density
         | housing near the paltry number of business districts we have.
         | 
         | Or, I mean, we could not, and everyone else can just subsidize
         | my housing appreciation. Personally, I'd like to spread the joy
         | of my life, but housing activists seem hell-bent on driving my
         | home price up, so whatever.
        
           | another_story wrote:
           | That business district would probably sit mostly empty if the
           | density of customers isn't there. At best you'd get a strip
           | mall with big box stores every 5km like typical American
           | suburbs.
           | 
           | If you want a thriving business district with a mixture of
           | local business you need to have density.
        
             | iammisc wrote:
             | > If you want a thriving business district with a mixture
             | of local business you need to have density.
             | 
             | I simply disagree. You can have single family homes and a
             | thriving business district. Not ginormous mcmansions. But
             | modest, good-sized single family homes. I disagree with
             | your assessment because I've seen how great things can be
             | in my own neighborhood. I'm not even suggesting no high-
             | density housing. On the actual 'satellite downtown' core a
             | few blocks from my house, there are a few big apartment
             | buildings. This is fine... apartment buildings are perfect
             | for younger people and couples.
        
               | another_story wrote:
               | The apartment buildings are what add density. People who
               | live in single family homes will invariably take the
               | extra 15 to 20 minutes to drive to Costco and save money.
        
               | strix_varius wrote:
               | As someone who lives in this sort of neighborhood, I see
               | every day that this isn't true.
               | 
               | Why would you spend 30-40 extra minutes in a car when you
               | could be walking down tree-lined streets to your
               | neighborhood bakery?
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | Two things:
               | 
               | (1) I know this shocks most people used to cookie cutter
               | American suburbs and cities, but you can put an apartment
               | building in a small satellite business district
               | surrounded by single family homes.
               | 
               | (2) Sure. We drive to costco as well. We also shop our
               | local downtown. For example, every Sunday, the local
               | bakery sells off their wares (very nice breads, pies, and
               | cakes) for pennies on the dollar. We also often end up at
               | our local grocery store for sundry items we've run out of
               | or forgotten. Why is preventing people from ever going to
               | costco any concern? I would never suggest to never
               | drive... that's just silly moral policing. I just suggest
               | walking most places because it's way nicer and less
               | stressful.
               | 
               | Here's an example. I bike to my gym every morning. It
               | takes 10 minutes. It'd actually take longer to drive
               | given the stop lights. However, if I lived in the burb I
               | was born in, I'd have to drive, because the nearest gym
               | would be miles away. Or, I'd have to purchase my own gym
               | equipment. Instead, in my city, I have a 24 hour gym
               | within biking distance, and I only need to take
               | neighborhood streets to get there. It's lovely.
               | 
               | There are many services people need regularly that aren't
               | bulk grocery shopping and we don't need to drive to,
               | things like gyms, haircuts, restaurants, specialty
               | hardware, small groceries, etc.
        
               | Gigachad wrote:
               | The stores go empty because people who already have the
               | sunk cost of a car will just drive to the next city for
               | bigger stores at cheaper prices.
        
           | Schiendelman wrote:
           | Everyone is subsidizing your housing appreciation when you
           | don't allow more housing to be built. The activists who are
           | driving up the price of your property are the activists
           | trying to stop upward growth. It's pure supply and demand.
        
             | iammisc wrote:
             | > Everyone is subsidizing your housing appreciation when
             | you don't allow more housing to be built. The activists who
             | are driving up the price of your property are the activists
             | trying to stop upward growth. It's pure supply and demand.
             | 
             | I advocate for building and development. I'm just pointing
             | out that the activists that are supposedly rallying for
             | 'high-density' just end up increasing my home price because
             | (1) the high-density builders want the land and (2) people
             | want to live in neighborhoods like mine. Heads I win, tails
             | you lose.
        
               | afarrell wrote:
               | Building N units of dense housing also ends up
               | simultaneously increasing the number of people allowed to
               | live in a walkable neighborhood by N.
        
               | Schiendelman wrote:
               | I don't think the activists have any impact on demand.
        
       | aroundtown wrote:
       | I wouldn't mind more walkable if it didn't come at the cost of
       | being around many more people.
       | 
       | Every walkable city I've been to is either filthy, cramped, loud,
       | over run, and/or very very expensive. I don't want to live so
       | close to people to hear them, smell them, or be bothered by them
       | or their pets.
        
         | rdedev wrote:
         | You could get something like this if there is good public
         | transport between points. Like the place where I am staying
         | now, its relatively less crowded than the inner cities. I can
         | walk and get any essential items like milk or meat. If I need
         | something that I cant get, just take a bus and shop in the
         | city. Most of the time, my daily needs are met near my home
         | itself
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | standardUser wrote:
       | Add up the roads, parking spaces, parking garages, gas stations
       | (not to mention auto shops, drive thrus and car washes) and the
       | total urban footprint is a gargantuan 50-60% by many
       | calculations. That's not automatically a bad thing, especially if
       | you are a car, but all of that space creates massive buffers
       | separating all of the other stuff that humans want to walk to. To
       | make it worse, those buffers are far and away the most dangerous
       | thing in any urban environment.
       | 
       | On the bright side, the pandemic seems have enabled many cities
       | to finally reclaim some of that car land for use by people.
       | Though it's not clear how long that will last.
        
         | pomian wrote:
         | Pavement does not absorb rain water, and causes flooding.
         | Pavement causes heating, and raises local temperatures. More
         | pavement, the greater the additive effect. Pavement replaces
         | vegetation and black soil. The results should be pretty
         | obvious. Skipping the whole CO2 debate, and just look at that.
        
         | notJim wrote:
         | Something I only recently learned is that zoning rules
         | generally require housing developments to include a certain
         | amount of parking. This drives up the cost of housing, because
         | of the space required (either up or out.) Many cities are
         | reducing or eliminating these requirements in an effort to make
         | housing more affordable. However, it does mean that parking
         | will become harder, as there will be more competition for
         | street spaces.
        
           | matttproud wrote:
           | If you want an introduction into the policy side, read:
           | 
           | Duany, et al.'s Suburban Nation.
           | https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780865477506
           | 
           | Kunstler's Geography of Nowhere.
           | https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Geography-Of-
           | Nowhere/...
           | 
           | It is extremely dismal but also theoretically fixable for
           | future development.
        
           | jeffchien wrote:
           | Strong Towns page on it: https://www.strongtowns.org/parking
           | 
           | LA-specific advocacy site: https://noparkinghere.com/
           | 
           | Back in 2019/11, LA was thinking about lifting the
           | requirement in downtown, but that seems to have been shelved.
        
           | simonsarris wrote:
           | a certain amount of parking and certain "setbacks", a
           | mandated distance from the road, which also increases the lot
           | size required.
        
           | gleenn wrote:
           | That's great, hopefully it will make cities more walkable as
           | a result.
        
           | nomel wrote:
           | > However, it does mean that parking will become harder
           | 
           | In the city I'm near, using public parking lots means a 20
           | minute walk to your destination, with a $10 fee from all the
           | time walking (or uber), with private parking costing around
           | $15, and no meters in sight. This creates an isolated area
           | that people never go to for a bite to eat, coffee, window
           | shopping, or anything really, since it's a > $10 fee just to
           | step on the sidewalk. Not surprisingly, there's incredible
           | churn for the businesses down there (pre Coronavirus). The
           | only people they have to service are the other businesses in
           | the area and the few that live there. With coronavirus, it
           | was all wiped out.
        
             | seanmcdirmid wrote:
             | > This creates an isolated area that people never go to for
             | a bite to eat, coffee, window shopping, or anything really,
             | since it's a > $10 fee just to step on the sidewalk.
             | 
             | I take the bus into downtown Seattle with my son every
             | weekend. He enjoys the center, the monorail, and the
             | market, but I would never do it if I had to drive and find
             | parking.
        
             | analog31 wrote:
             | Your city may be similar to mine, insofar as the
             | "residents" of the downtown area are mainly the people who
             | work there and have already paid for parking. Not
             | surprisingly, a lot of the restaurants do most of their
             | business at lunch time. A city where you have to drive a
             | car to a curated pedestrian zone is not walkable by my
             | highfalutin sensibilities. ;-)
             | 
             | I get around town by bike. This is not for the faint of
             | heart in the upper Midwest, but for a person in decent
             | health, the obstacles are primarily psychological.
             | 
             | I also suspect that the cost of parking is a psychological
             | obstacle. It's similar to how people who claim to enjoy
             | live music are offended when asked to pay a $5 cover to see
             | a band.
        
               | voisin wrote:
               | > Your city may be similar to mine, insofar as the
               | "residents" of the downtown area are mainly the people
               | who work there and have already paid for parking.
               | 
               | If massive parking requirements is the #1 urban planning
               | disaster of the last century, the #2 surely has to be
               | zoning regulations that prevented mixed use areas where
               | people can live/work/play in close proximity. And this
               | was only to... force people to buy cars to get from place
               | to place! Look at any city area that was developed prior
               | to the advent of cars and they are unanimously multi-use
               | dense areas. Cars ruined everything.
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | You can see this in the south bay in an incredibly acute
               | way.
               | 
               | Where are Google, Microsoft, and a bunch of other
               | enormous campuses located? East of the 101. Where are all
               | of the residential areas? West of the 101. Gazillions of
               | commuters need to cross the 101 to get from their home to
               | their office twice a day. This means that everything is
               | limited by a few small overpasses that are crazy
               | expensive to expand.
               | 
               | What if people could build apartments over there? Too
               | bad. Not zoned for housing.
        
               | analog31 wrote:
               | My town, though much smaller, has its own "101" with
               | similar bottlenecks. But there are now (at least) three
               | bike bridges across it. While not free to build, they're
               | doubtlessly much cheaper, especially since the bikes can
               | use already existing neighborhood streets with minimal
               | impact on the residents. I'm not sure there's a master
               | plan for improving bike routes, but when they have to
               | tear up a road for some reason, they usually design its
               | replacement to accommodate bikes with dedicated lanes,
               | bridges, tunnels, etc.
        
             | notJim wrote:
             | That sounds strange, it sounds like an area that should've
             | been served by foot and public transit traffic.
        
               | nomel wrote:
               | Yes, there is public transportation, but this is $6 and
               | 20 minutes to the closest light rail stop. I never tried
               | a bus.
               | 
               | My point is that this area is almost only served by foot
               | traffic, but getting your feet on the sidewalk has a
               | pretty significant cost.
               | 
               | I don't think this is odd though, since it's been the
               | experience I've had getting to any downtown area.
               | Visiting downtown San Fransisco costs around $10 to
               | actually get too, after all is said and done, even from
               | within the city, unless you walk/bike/spend 20 minutes.
        
               | mrgordon wrote:
               | Lyft Line and Uber Pool were usually $4-5 around San
               | Francisco before COVID and you can use electric bikes
               | through the bike share for $15 for the entire month.
               | Obviously it's easier if you live near the walkable area,
               | but it doesn't need to be as expensive as you claim and
               | SF is one of the more expensive cities.
        
               | nomel wrote:
               | > Lyft Line and Uber Pool were usually $4-5
               | 
               | Two way is $10.
               | 
               | > you can use electric bikes through the bike share for
               | $15 for the entire month
               | 
               | That 20 minutes is back.
        
               | mrgordon wrote:
               | The thing you're missing is that I spent much less than
               | $100 a month in transit costs when I lived in SF. When
               | you have a car there, you will spend probably $500-$1000
               | on the car, the insurance, the gas, parking meters, etc.
               | Then you will likely need to pay for a parking spot. In
               | the Mission the going rate before COVID was about $400+ a
               | month. My friends who had cars and didn't have dedicated
               | parking would also get $75 parking or street cleaning
               | tickets fairly often.
               | 
               | So I literally could take a $5 ride each way every time I
               | didn't feel like walking and I had a huge cost savings,
               | much less hassle with parking and street cleaning at 6
               | AM, less environmental impact, no problems drinking and
               | driving, etc. After a while, most people without
               | dedicated parking end up leaving their car in the same
               | spot as long as possible and mostly use it for weekend
               | trips outside the city.
        
               | bluejekyll wrote:
               | Driving a car around SF is generally more than 20
               | minutes. Most areas downtown can be reached in the same
               | or less time by bike, and it also removes any issues with
               | parking/waiting for a car.
        
             | erosenbe0 wrote:
             | I grew up on the outskirts of Chicago. Mostly built in the
             | 1920s or 1950s. Everything you need is within a one mile
             | walk, even Home Depot. Cinema closed down but Walmart
             | opened up about two miles away. Plenty of street parking,
             | alley garages, and lots of nice amenities. Only moderate
             | rat load.
             | 
             | I think this is the type of neighborhood people like, when
             | the schools are good, at least.
             | 
             | Lots of neighborhoods used to be like this, though usually
             | not big box stuff. Used to be bodegas, fruit markets, small
             | hardware shops, tailor, dry cleaners, etc.
             | 
             | Until the mid 80s to early 90s there were neighborhood
             | Sears and Wiebolts as well. Wiebolts went under in 1986.
             | 
             | Elderly folks could give up their car and age in place as
             | long as they could get up the porch ramps and such. Didn't
             | need to go to home, and homes need not be far from
             | neighborhoods. Plenty of housing options for all stripes.
        
               | germinalphrase wrote:
               | Feels like one of those "better is worse" situations. Yes
               | - "most" people prefer the selection/prices if Target
               | over the (relatively) overpriced mom-and-pop store, but
               | downstream effects weren't clear, undervalued.
        
             | kumarsw wrote:
             | The solution to this is plentiful, well-placed municipal
             | parking garages priced _cheaper_ than street parking. Santa
             | Monica does this where they have about 6-7 city-run garages
             | spaced throughout the city with easily visible electronic
             | signage indicating the amount of available spaces. Street
             | parking is much more spare and priced higher. It 's an
             | enlightened alternative to tearing down buildings for more
             | single-level lots. See Google Maps satellite view of
             | Spokane, WA for how not to handle city parking - about half
             | of downtown is gray asphalt.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | > Spokane, WA for how not to handle city parking - about
               | half of downtown is gray asphalt.
               | 
               | Downtown Spokane isn't that bad, although it used to be
               | much better. They have parking garages downtown, but
               | those were built during better times (when Spokane also
               | had multi-level car dealerships across the street from
               | the mall), it turns out downtown real estate just isn't
               | that expensive anymore. There is a lot of gray asphalt
               | simply because there isn't much demand for the asphalt to
               | be anything else.
        
               | sologoub wrote:
               | I wouldn't cite SM as the model of municipal parking.
               | Especially in conjunction with how poorly these support
               | the expo light rail line - it's not really feasible to
               | drive in and get on the train to go to work for a day.
        
               | voisin wrote:
               | The solution is better rapid mass transit between and
               | within cities!
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | biking is cool too
        
               | xorfish wrote:
               | Removing parking space and giving it to less wasteful
               | modes of transport is one of the more efficient ways to
               | improve an area.
        
             | UncleMeat wrote:
             | This wouldn't be a bad thing if the public transportation
             | was also effective. It _should_ be hellishly expensive to
             | use a car in a big city. It just shouldn 't destroy your
             | ability to get to work if you don't have a car.
             | 
             | In my experience, NYC is the only city in the US that has
             | made this work. The MTA is plagued with cost overruns and
             | other problems, but you really can get places quickly using
             | the subway.
        
           | TulliusCicero wrote:
           | Not just housing developments. Virtually all development
           | tends to be mandated to provide large amounts of car parking.
        
           | twelvechairs wrote:
           | The original purpose is literally to stop cars parking on
           | streets.
           | 
           | Carsharing services are a game changer for urban people who
           | use a car once a week or so (go to the shops, visit family,
           | etc.) And should be substituted in any requirements at a
           | 30:1-50:1 ratio or thereabouts. Developera still need car
           | parking to attract many buyers however
        
           | foxpurple wrote:
           | You can reset your costs by renting out the car park. I make
           | $50 AUD/week renting out my city car park to someone who
           | works near by.
        
             | dghlsakjg wrote:
             | In many places outside urban cores in the US, the rules are
             | such that the amount of parking created is far in excess of
             | demand. You could try and rent your spot, but it would be
             | pointless. Inside urban cores the parking is frequently
             | underground and gated off so that it makes it hard to rent
             | out without breaking the security rules for your building.
             | 
             | At the last place I lived in Vancouver, BC there was 2
             | levels of underground parking for 3 stories of living
             | space. It is absolutely wild to think that a building along
             | a major transit corridor was required to reserve 2/5 of
             | their building for private vehicles in a city that is
             | famously progressive with transit (for north america)
        
             | notJim wrote:
             | That's interesting, but I doubt it would be allowed by most
             | apartment leases, and I think for townhomes, many people
             | wouldn't want some rando parking in their garage.
        
           | newyankee wrote:
           | Only solution i see is a brand new city built from ground up
           | with entirely new rules and welcoming people to that kind of
           | life. Car free, autonomous pods, grids, public transit and
           | small footprint. If it succeeds then others will have a model
           | to emulate. I do not know what legal changes will be needed
           | to make something like this happen. There is no reason other
           | than safety where existing archaic town planning rules need
           | to be implemented everywhere.
        
             | davidw wrote:
             | Cities are pretty adaptable, no need to build one from
             | scratch. Look at how Amsterdam changed, or how Paris is
             | changing now
        
               | aix1 wrote:
               | To illustrate, here are some historic photos of
               | Amsterdam: https://exploring-and-observing-
               | cities.org/2016/01/11/amster...
        
               | dmitriid wrote:
               | And here's a video, "How the Dutch got their cycle paths"
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XuBdf9jYj7o
        
         | titzer wrote:
         | When I moved to LA, I did the following calculation.
         | 
         | Average number of cars per person, 2/3 x Number of people in
         | greater LA area, 16M = 10M. 10M cars x average parking spot is
         | 7ft x 15, 105 sq ft = 1 billion sq ft. 1 billion sq ft to
         | square miles = 36 square miles. That's a square 6 miles on a
         | side. Just to park the cars _once_. There is at least 3x that
         | number of spots in the city. A _hundred square miles_ of
         | parking. No kidding. Also, the city of LA maintains _5000+
         | miles_ of street parking.
         | 
         | The scale is mind boggling.
         | 
         | And the cost is astronomical. The cost of real estate is
         | estimated at $2.7 million _per acre_. Those hundred square
         | miles are worth close to $200 billion.
        
           | jjoonathan wrote:
           | Speaking of real estate, does anyone have data on the impact
           | of personal range on the ability of land owners to extract
           | rent?
           | 
           | The feeling I get from sampling shopping experiences at
           | various levels of density is that higher density means higher
           | rent and higher prices.
           | 
           | Cars are enormously wasteful in a physics sense, but in an
           | economic sense they do wonders to commoditize our
           | complements, and I fear that getting rid of high-range
           | infrastructure would take us out of the frying pan and into
           | the fire.
        
             | HPsquared wrote:
             | Density and rent are definitely correlated, but I think the
             | causation mostly works the other way: in areas with high
             | value (high rent), people will build more densely to take
             | advantage of the high-value location.
        
               | jjoonathan wrote:
               | That's how density increases naturally due to market
               | forces, but we are talking about enacting policy to
               | directly spur increased density and what its effects will
               | be.
               | 
               | I would expect the policy to create lots of value, but
               | because of the way land ownership works, I would expect
               | most, all, or more than all of that created value to
               | accrue to the people who own the correct land. More
               | importantly, I would expect it to bleed away from those
               | who don't. Shops away from Main St would be screwed,
               | while the new lovely walkable storefronts would have $5
               | coffee and $15 sandwiches and the apartments within
               | walking distance would have $5000/mo rent. Those massive
               | flows of money wouldn't go to shop owners or workers or
               | maintaining the infrastructure (see: NY, SF), the money
               | would go into the pocket of whoever owned the land,
               | because our policy choices would have just gone towards
               | ensuring that owning the correct land was all that
               | mattered.
               | 
               | It just seems crazy to me how eager people are to build
               | an economic steamroller and then throw themselves in
               | front of it. Fight to commoditize your complement, don't
               | fight to help your complement commoditize you!
        
           | newyankee wrote:
           | Someone had calculated that the urban sprawl king city of
           | Houston was 40% parking space or something
        
             | Fricken wrote:
             | Houston leads the USA and, and I would assume the world in
             | parking, with an estimated 30 parking spaces per resident.
             | 
             | Office parking lots in Houston during work hours are, on
             | average, 30% empty.
        
             | duskwuff wrote:
             | I have to wonder how much of the city overall is used for
             | cars -- roads, highways, and the "buffer" land surrounding
             | them (like the land in and around a highway interchange);
             | parking lots and their access streets; businesses dedicated
             | to servicing cars, like gas stations...
             | 
             | It's probably a lot.
        
         | micromacrofoot wrote:
         | There's a great illustration by Karl Jilg that has stuck with
         | me along the same lines... calling them buffers is very
         | generous!
         | 
         | https://www.businessinsider.com/car-illustration-karl-jilg-2...
        
         | lumost wrote:
         | The big challenge is having both shared urban infrastructure
         | and personal cars that aren't a luxury. Cities should focus on
         | keeping cars out of the center to the maximum extent possible.
        
         | notatoad wrote:
         | i was just reading an article in my local paper this morning
         | about a new building in town that got a zoning variance
         | approved. it's a ten-unit visitor accomodation development, and
         | they have ten parking stalls on the property (which is less
         | than the minimum parking spaces code requires).
         | 
         | there was apparently a 45-minute debate at the council meeting
         | where neighbours were arguing that the development should be
         | denied because ten parking spaces wasn't enough for ten units.
         | of visitor accomodation. because apparently people go on
         | holidays with multiple cars.
        
           | robbedpeter wrote:
           | During holidays, visitors can mean many more than two
           | additional cars per family. Living in that building means
           | choosing not to entertain friends and family, or irritating
           | the crap out of your neighbors by taking up the parking. If
           | they're lucky, they'll be communicative and work out parking
           | custody, but more than likely it'll be a resentful petty
           | mess.
        
             | notatoad wrote:
             | it is visitor accomodation - like a hotel. nobody lives in
             | it, it's just ten hotel suites.
        
         | kiba wrote:
         | I often joke that aliens would mistake the cars, not people, to
         | be the dominant intelligent species of this planet.
        
           | nickff wrote:
           | That joke is made early in "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the
           | Galaxy" (by Douglas Adams), and is why one of the major
           | characters is named "Ford Prefect".
        
           | makerofspoons wrote:
           | There's a great Canadian cartoon that explored that idea:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wFaHArkYLsM
        
             | aix1 wrote:
             | Amazing, thanks so much for sharing!
             | 
             | P.S. The section on reproduction is hilarious.
        
             | frosted-flakes wrote:
             | > "The National Film Board of Mars presents: WHAT ON
             | EARTH!"
             | 
             | This is great, what fun!
        
           | whatever_dude wrote:
           | That's the entire premise of classic Transformers.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | jackson1442 wrote:
       | I like my car and I like driving.
       | 
       | That said, I don't like driving _everywhere_. When I moved to
       | university, it was incredibly freeing to just be able to walk
       | somewhere I wanted to go rather than getting in my car and
       | driving miles to get anywhere. I grew up in a suburb in Texas so
       | walking anywhere except _maybe_ a friend's house was entirely out
       | of the question.
       | 
       | I visited Portland recently and it was lovely to be able to get
       | around the whole city without a car. We didn't rent one, save for
       | one day when we went > 100mi out of the city. No Ubers, no Lyfts-
       | just walking, buses, and lightrail.
       | 
       | Just my experience as an American.
        
         | jollybean wrote:
         | The hardest thing to do is _explain_ that experience to people.
         | Also having grown up in the burbs, it wasn 't until adulthood
         | in SF and Europe that I realized how materially different
         | 'walking' can be.
         | 
         | It's shocking, because it's something so fundamental, right in
         | front of our eyes, that's just hard to fathom.
         | 
         | So 1) we have to think about how we communicate this and 2) we
         | may want to thin of ways to even adapt the Burbs to something
         | more ammenable.
         | 
         | On the later, it seems crazy, but people do like convenience,
         | and expansion of commuter lines may bode very well. People will
         | use transit if it's faster and more convenient.
         | 
         | If Dallas were connected to Planto etc. through something
         | fairly quick, clean and safe it would transform the city. Not
         | holding my breath.
        
         | atoav wrote:
         | I liked driving too, but I lived in a larger German city for
         | the past decade and didn't _need_ a car. If I want groceries I
         | walk across the street. If I want to go to work I cycle there
         | (which is faster than taking the car or the subway at that time
         | of the day, additionally you are more awake at work and get a
         | little movement).
         | 
         | The few times a year where I need to transport something
         | bigger, I just rent a car or get one from a car sharing
         | service, or I transport it in the subway/S-Bahn.
         | 
         | I grew up on the countryside, where cars were a necessity and
         | give you freedom, but living here _not_ having a car gives me
         | freedom. I don 't have to think about my car, where to park it,
         | where I parked it, how to maintain it etc.
        
         | SilasX wrote:
         | I remember hearing a joke that Americans like vacationing in
         | Paris (or Rome, London, etc) because it reproduces the walkable
         | life they only ever had in college.
        
         | megablast wrote:
         | You like pollution? You like polluting waterways with micro
         | plastics from your tires? You don't care about the 40k killed
         | every year in the USA? You don't care about the destruction of
         | countryside with roads???
        
           | readflaggedcomm wrote:
           | Love it. Enormous benefits.
        
           | ketzo wrote:
           | Aw, hush. That's a needlessly antagonistic take.
           | 
           | Someone can say "I like driving" without us assuming that
           | they're totally ignorant of the negative externalities.
           | 
           | I can say "I like ice cream" without you having to say "you
           | like saturated fat??? you like increasing your risk of
           | diabetes????"
        
             | megablast wrote:
             | You killing yourself is not the same as someone killing the
             | planet.
             | 
             | Can you not see why people care about the planet they
             | inhabit??
        
               | Vinnl wrote:
               | But you do like ice cream? You like millions of animals
               | getting killed? People getting killed from antibiotics no
               | longer working? Water shortages? The planet getting
               | killed?
               | 
               | I don't know what you're trying to achieve with your
               | comment, but I'm quite sure I didn't turn you vegan just
               | now.
               | 
               | Even if you care about not killing the planet, what
               | matters is not that you make it clear that you do, but
               | that you're effective in preventing that from happening.
        
         | throw0101a wrote:
         | > _I like my car and I like driving._
         | 
         | There's a difference between having a car as an _option_ as a
         | form of transportation versus having it be a _necessity_.
        
           | worik wrote:
           | Which is the whole point of designing cities so cars are not
           | needed
        
             | crispyambulance wrote:
             | Whereas Americans buy cars so that cities are not needed !
             | :-)
        
           | TulliusCicero wrote:
           | Yes, though a lot of Americans don't see it that way. People
           | I talk to think I must hate driving, because I think we
           | should have effective options for walking, biking, and public
           | transit.
           | 
           | I don't hate driving. I hate being forced to drive.
        
         | iammisc wrote:
         | Same.... I _love_ driving.
         | 
         | But I'm not driving to work ever. Haven't driven to work in
         | years, and I never will. Just not into it.
        
         | throwawayboise wrote:
         | I like living out in the country on a large private wooded lot.
         | I have lived in dense cities where I could get groceries and
         | other necessities within a short walk, and with pervasive
         | public transportation. Hated it. I like space and seclusion. I
         | like being able to drive anywhere to get what I need, when I
         | need it, and not having to wait for a bus or a train.
        
           | yarky wrote:
           | It looks like you _need_ a car indeed. I grew up the way you
           | live and just loved it when I first lived in a city where I
           | didn 't _need_ a car. If you _needed_ a bus /train to do your
           | groceries I understand that you hated it, that's why I'd
           | rather choose to stay at a _walkable_ distance of everything.
        
         | version_five wrote:
         | What's hardest to find, and what I prefer, is somewhere it's
         | easy to walk and drive. I've lived in walkable places where if
         | you do have to drive, traffic is a nightmare. And then of
         | course there are places where you can drive without traffic but
         | there is nowhere to walk to. I think I prefer the latter with
         | my lifestyle, though it becomes more frustrating for meeting
         | friends, going our for dinner + drinks, etc.
         | 
         | For sports / leisure, "driveable" areas are better for getting
         | out of town and into nature faster. In bigger cities (in
         | Canada) I never would have considered going skiing after work,
         | but it is possible in smaller places. I find it's also easier
         | to go to league sports in a driveable place. For running,
         | walkable is obviously better, and one reason I like living in
         | the city is that I can step out my door and safely go for a
         | run, where as further out that option doesnt exist.
         | 
         | Anyway, just my experience.
        
           | cbdumas wrote:
           | I think it's hard to find because those two preferences are
           | in direct, irresolvable conflict.
        
             | 8note wrote:
             | It sounds like the Netherlands has it figure out?
             | 
             | Split out streets and roads. Roads are for driving fast,
             | and streets are for destinations, slow driving, and
             | walking.
        
               | mrgordon wrote:
               | Most Americans would say the Netherlands is tough for
               | driving I think because the cars are smaller, the lanes
               | are smaller, there is light rail everywhere, many
               | pedestrians and bikers everywhere, etc.
               | 
               | I think all these decisions are why the Netherlands are
               | so lovely and most of America is seemingly highways,
               | strip malls, and suburbs.
               | 
               | One of the most popular Dutch vacations is biking around
               | the country and camping instead of staying at hotels.
               | It's quite far from American car culture in that regard.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | > One of the most popular Dutch vacations is biking
               | around the country and camping instead of staying at
               | hotels. It's quite far from American car culture in that
               | regard.
               | 
               | American car culture is to go on vacation to drive up
               | camping spots. You can't actually camp in many places
               | without a car. There isn't really public transit from
               | Seattle to Mt. Ranier national park, for example, and the
               | distances is too far and the terrain too hilly for just
               | biking it (the Netherlands is lucky to be flat, in this
               | regard).
        
               | mrgordon wrote:
               | Yes being flat does help for sure. In much of Europe I
               | think they solve this problem with trains or sometimes
               | buses to get to the parks or outlying areas. For example,
               | much of Italy is hill towns and no one wants to walk up
               | huge hills to get to each town but you can typically get
               | there with transit.
               | 
               | The United States admittedly is quite large and spread
               | out but if we started to connect more things with transit
               | then I think it would stop feeling so much this way. Like
               | why couldn't there be a connection from San Francisco to
               | Tahoe that doesn't involve driving? It's a very very
               | popular weekend trip and a train would be great for
               | moving skis and other equipment.
               | 
               | If you live near Seattle, you're lucky to have some of
               | the better planning in the United States and some of the
               | more open-minded people with regards to transit, camping,
               | etc. In a place like Florida, for example, it is fairly
               | common to meet people who've never been camping unless
               | maybe you count a music festival. The priority is often
               | air conditioning, a nice hotel room towering over the
               | beach, etc. which is not what the Dutch seek out for the
               | most part
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | We have lots of choices, but driving is the norm. There
               | is a train near Ranier, it's still operable (steam
               | train!) but is now for tourism. Let's hope it reopens.
               | 
               | Switzerland has trains and postal buses to serve its
               | mountain villages and make tourism easy. The distances
               | involved are a bit greater out west, however.
        
             | CapricornNoble wrote:
             | Japan manages it pretty well. The mass transit system of
             | Tokyo is well known. But the city is also zoned such that
             | walking or biking from an apartment/house/hotel to a
             | restaurant, supermarket, or even a major park or museum is
             | easy and fairly safe. The roads are clean and well-
             | maintained, and traffic really isn't that bad. Street
             | parking is rarely allowed, but small parking lots are
             | numerous albeit expensive.
             | 
             | Biking and public transit moves most commuters off of the
             | streets, leaving the roads to the owners of luxury cars and
             | driving aficionados who don't mind paying the tax premium
             | to subsidize their vehicular access. I pay $450/yr in road
             | taxes, kei car drivers pay maybe $75, and someone with a
             | big-displacement engine like a Lexus IS-F or a Mercedes AMG
             | probably pays $800-$1000 every year. I'm totally ok with
             | this system.
             | 
             | I spent 3 weeks in the New Jersey suburbs of Philadelphia
             | and HATED how I couldn't walk to anything....but the roads
             | are also of absolutely terrible quality (potholes
             | everywhere) and are mostly straight and boring highway
             | travel, so they aren't even fun to drive. Then I
             | quarantined in Tokyo for 2 weeks and everything was a
             | convenient 5-minute walk away. If I LIVED in Tokyo, I would
             | still own my sports cars there, as I love the freedom of
             | being able to travel longer distances, at any time, with
             | privacy and storage capacity.
             | 
             | I'm in another region of Japan where the public transit is
             | almost non-existent but the walking-friendly zoning helps
             | to compensate. I don't NEED a car to get to the convenience
             | store or the supermarket, but they definitely make life
             | 100x easier, especially since the weather here is terrible
             | more often than not.
             | 
             | So I'd say Japan is proof that walkability and driveability
             | are not in "irresolvable conflict".
        
               | aix1 wrote:
               | > Biking and public transit moves most commuters off of
               | the streets
               | 
               | Help me understand this. Where do cyclists and ground-
               | level public transportation go if they're not on the
               | streets?
               | 
               | > Then I quarantined in Tokyo for 2 weeks and everything
               | was a convenient 5-minute walk away.
               | 
               | Wait a minute, quarantined _and_ walked around?
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | > Help me understand this. Where do cyclists and ground-
               | level public transportation go if they're not on the
               | streets?
               | 
               | Public transportation is much denser ( even a paltry bus
               | can fit at least 30 people vs a car which occupies
               | slightly less space, but usually has a single person in
               | it), and bikes take much less space. You can fit 4 bikes
               | in the space of a single standard sedan; and a small bus
               | is what, 2-3 sedans but 30 times the capacity?
        
               | aix1 wrote:
               | Oh I see, they're still _on_ the streets, just at a much
               | higher density. (I read  "commuters" to mean people not
               | cars.)
        
               | CapricornNoble wrote:
               | >>>Where do cyclists and ground-level public
               | transportation go if they're not on the streets?
               | 
               | Cyclists are on the sidewalk, and use little ringer bells
               | to signal to pedestrians to move outta the way. For
               | public transit "off the streets" I was mostly referring
               | to the subway system. Buses and taxis are still "on" the
               | street but the users are out of privately-owned vehicles.
               | I wasn't clear on that.
               | 
               | >>>Wait a minute, quarantined and walked around?
               | 
               | Technically "restriction of movement" not "quarantined",
               | I get sloppy and often use the two terms interchangeably.
               | Quarantine = you are COVID+, inside a specially-
               | designated hotel, which you can't leave. ROM = you are
               | COVID- pending additional testing, can stay in any hotel,
               | but can leave your room for essentials such as
               | groceries/take-out food.
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | > Cyclists are on the sidewalk, and use little ringer
               | bells to signal to pedestrians to move outta the way.
               | 
               | No, cyclists are on the bike lanes or, if they aren't
               | there, with the cars. The sidewalk is for people on foot
               | only, who are the most vulnerable and should be separated
               | from other faster modes of transport.
        
               | antb123 wrote:
               | Japan is great but as the population density is 347 per
               | Km2 it is maybe not 100% comparable except for the north.
        
               | CapricornNoble wrote:
               | US and Japan both have a number of mid-tier cities in the
               | 4000-6000 per km2 range (look at the "list of [US|Japan]
               | cities" pages on Wiki and sort by descending pop
               | density). Japan has a number of efficient cities far from
               | the Tokyo/Osaka megalopoli that don't benefit from their
               | network effects. Consider Fukuoka, Sapporo, or Kagoshima
               | (all fairly remote/isolated cities) compared to Miami, FL
               | and Santa Ana, CA (for high-density US cities outside of
               | the Northeast Corridor). Hiroshima and Sapporo have
               | surprisingly-low pop densities closer to Nashville and
               | Kansas City. We Americans should be able to draw some
               | applicable conclusions even when we look outside of
               | Tokyo. The initial reaction is usually "the density
               | disparity makes it cost-ineffective when applied to the
               | US". If we zoned and developed along Japanese patterns,
               | wouldn't our city densities increase, due to the higher
               | quality of life delivered by the efficiency improvements?
               | People would actually want to live in places where they
               | had flexible transit options and safe walkable
               | neighborhoods with integrated commercial and
               | entertainment activities.
        
             | ummonk wrote:
             | Except in really small towns.
        
             | throw0101a wrote:
             | > _I think it 's hard to find because those two preferences
             | are in direct, irresolvable conflict._
             | 
             | Plenty of places that were built pre-WW2 have people
             | walking for groceries and such, cycling and taking transit
             | to work, and yet still have cars (street parking and back
             | yard garages) for other longer distance errands:
             | 
             | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MWsGBRdK2N0
             | 
             | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streetcar_suburb
             | 
             | Two go-to examples I use in these types of discussion in a
             | particular neighbourhood I know; larger houses:
             | 
             | * https://www.google.com/maps/place/150+Westminster+Ave,+To
             | ron...
             | 
             | More modest:
             | 
             | * https://www.google.com/maps/place/50+Geoffrey+St,+Toronto
             | ,+O...
        
               | antb123 wrote:
               | After living in Europe for a while Toronto is "ok" but
               | still very car dependent.
               | 
               | I would point to Scandinavia (Finland, Denmark, etc) and
               | parts of France and Germany as places that have cars but
               | maintain walkable, bikeable cities.
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | Well I think there are cultural differences and that
               | Europe is not the only acceptable model.
               | 
               | Both america and Canada are bigger and wilder than
               | Europe. Cars are nice and a necessity to live in both
               | countries. The neighborhood here is a good example of a
               | walkable neighborhood that is also uniquely north
               | American. That's okay. We don't need to replicate Europe
               | when we have perfectly good, culturally appropriate
               | models here.
               | 
               | The neighborhood here is exactly like my neighborhoods.
               | It's lovely. I don't need to have old town Prague levels
               | of walkability to be happy. Quite the opposite, where I
               | am is perfect
        
               | throw0101a wrote:
               | Toronto is one example of where neighbourhoods were built
               | that are not Manhattan- and Hong Kong-level densities,
               | but are still not entirely car dependent. They were built
               | semi-recently, and not some long-ago time period that is
               | unrealistic to try to recreate.
               | 
               | They also have recognizable architecture that is not from
               | the Middle Ages or Napoleonic age. You can explore some
               | of these neighbourhoods (in Toronto and elsewhere) and
               | realistically visualize similar houses being built today.
               | 
               | Of course Toronto suffered from the same automobile
               | malaise as many other North American cities, first in the
               | 'inner suburbs' (North York, Scarborough), and later in
               | the "905".
        
           | userbinator wrote:
           | _is somewhere it 's easy to walk and drive_
           | 
           | This exhibit from 1940 might be interesting:
           | 
           | https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Street_i.
           | ..
        
             | aix1 wrote:
             | Relevant:
             | https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/oct/02/walkways-
             | in-t...
        
             | agent327 wrote:
             | Hong Kong has that in some places. It makes it hard to
             | navigate on foot, as pedestrian routes are no longer
             | obvious lines but require entering building perpendicular
             | to your direction, for example.
             | 
             | However, the idea is nearly perfect. All it really needs is
             | to put the cars in tunnels. Underground there's plenty of
             | room for driving, parking, etc.
        
           | maxerickson wrote:
           | In the US, most suburban areas have plenty of low traffic
           | streets, and many have additional recreational paths for
           | pedestrians.
           | 
           | When I lived in a quite rural area, it was no problem jogging
           | on the low traffic roads, and if I wanted long runs, I could
           | have gone ~3 miles on those roads to a converted railroad
           | that ran for miles in either direction.
        
           | MarkLowenstein wrote:
           | I've never run into a walkable city center where there was
           | one super-obvious and convenient place to park--maybe a
           | gigantic underground garage--and then you walk everywhere
           | from there. Feels like that might work.
           | 
           | The attractive city centers have nice stuff, but too few
           | people who live within walking distance to keep them in
           | business and in good shape. They need a way to bring in
           | suburbanites and visitors to supplement the native
           | population.
        
             | dghlsakjg wrote:
             | Amsterdam has big parking lots outside the city center. If
             | you park there you get a free transit pass into the city I
             | believe.
             | 
             | Makes a lot of sense really
        
               | aix1 wrote:
               | In Britain this is called Park & Ride (or P+R for short):
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_and_ride
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | Same in the us
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | Montreal is similar. Parking downtown: horrible. Parking
               | out in the 'burbs and then riding the metro into town?
               | easy, and lovely. For a lot of things, anyway.
        
               | antb123 wrote:
               | Same with New Jersey + train into Manhattan
        
               | spideymans wrote:
               | Might be a Canadian thing. Toronto is similar. If I
               | recall correctly, Toronto operates the second most used
               | public transit system in the United States or Canada,
               | while the public transit authority there is the largest
               | parking garage operator in North America.
               | 
               | It's a pretty good solution for medium-sized cities, but
               | it breaks down as population increases. Toronto has
               | largely stopped building these garages because they've
               | run out of room for them after immense population and
               | ridership growth.
               | 
               | Toronto is a pretty big though, so it's still a solution
               | worth exploring for medium-sized cities that can still
               | reasonably build these facilities.
        
             | NumberWangMan wrote:
             | In a lot of areas, street parking is actually a really good
             | way to provide a barrier between the sidewalk and traffic.
             | This physical safety provides psychological safety, so
             | people feel a lot more comfortable with sidewalk dining,
             | etc. A lane of parking can also separate car traffic from a
             | bi-directional pair of bike lanes.
             | 
             | Also, a lot of cities have too many and/or too wide lanes,
             | which makes drivers feel too safe driving unsafe speeds.
             | You can use parking to "eat up" the extra space and make
             | the street feel more crowded, which will make drivers slow
             | down and drive a lot more carefully.
             | 
             | So street parking should absolutely not be seen as just a
             | negative thing, it can serve a very useful function in the
             | layout of a street.
        
               | frosted-flakes wrote:
               | On a similar note, my city used to have a lot of 50 km/h
               | four lane streets through residential areas, even though
               | they were only minor trunk roads that didn't warrant that
               | many car lanes. There was also a severe dearth of bike
               | lanes, and since these are residential areas with lots of
               | houses, there were always cars parked in the right lane
               | and cars turning left into driveways.
               | 
               | The solution was to remove two lanes of traffic, forbid
               | street parking, add a bike lane along each side of the
               | road, and add a centre turning lane. this was all done
               | with just paint and "no parking" signage. There was a bit
               | of complaining about the loss of street parking, but
               | other than that it's worked out great, and I actually see
               | people using the bike lanes now, and traffic actually
               | flow _smoother_.
        
             | mrgordon wrote:
             | In Europe this is solved by having a train station in the
             | center. Even the little towns have them which is why it can
             | be lovely to spend a day exploring the area whereas in the
             | United States it's often easier to assume a small town will
             | have little walkability and maybe you'll just stop there
             | for gas.
        
           | yellow_lead wrote:
           | Where have you been that has both? From my reading, it seems
           | like cities need to prioritize walkable / bikable OR cars,
           | but I've never seen example of a city doing both well.
        
             | notJim wrote:
             | IMO Portland is actually kind of like this (for now). I've
             | heard Berkeley, CA sort of, too.
             | 
             | In Portland (where I live), I have a driveway and
             | convenient street parking right outside my house, but I can
             | also walk to many shops and restaurants, and have a pretty
             | good busline nearby. I usually take the bus if I'm going
             | downtown, so I don't have to worry about parking. But in my
             | part of town, which is less dense, I can conveniently drive
             | or bike. Parking can be a little annoying on this side of
             | town, but it's usually okay.
             | 
             | That being said, Portland is clearly moving in a denser
             | direction. Housing has gotten too expensive here, and the
             | only way out of that is density. Our cycling infrastructure
             | and public transit are _decent_ , but need to get better
             | IMO. All of this will probably negatively impact the car-
             | friendliness, but I think that's the right move for
             | Portland right now.
        
               | verall wrote:
               | This might not be news for you, but you're in a really
               | desireable location. The land you're on is probably
               | really expensive right now.
        
               | iammisc wrote:
               | It's desirable only because they don't build the outer
               | burbs this way. As you drive out of the city, the time of
               | building gets later and later. When you hit some point
               | where the homes were built in the 60s, suddenly the
               | walkable neighborhoods, which were the standard before
               | then, make way for huge, sidewalkless developments.
               | 
               | If they just built more of the commenters neighborhood,
               | and my neighborhood, there would be more desirable land.
               | 
               | Portland is not running out of land...
        
             | version_five wrote:
             | Ottawa, Canada is pretty good for this. It's a pretty small
             | city but has a few neighborhoods that would be considered
             | walkable, while in 20 minutes you can be out into the
             | country. Compared with Toronto or Montreal where in 20 min
             | if you're lucky you've entered a highway so you can sit in
             | traffic for an hour to clear the city. Not sure about in
             | the US.
        
             | throwaway9980 wrote:
             | Towns tend to be this way, not so much cities. I live in a
             | single family neighborhood in a large city and it's both
             | walkable and drivable. It's not great driving beyond a 1-2
             | mile radius, but I don't need to go that far more than once
             | a week. My kids' schools are all walkable distances, 30
             | minutes tops, or a 5 minute drive. Same for the gym,
             | restaurants, bars, the grocery stores, etc.
        
             | antb123 wrote:
             | Oulu Finland... Created equal numbers of separate human and
             | car roads. Very possible in newer cities.
             | 
             | https://www.euronews.com/2021/01/22/meet-the-bike-loving-
             | fin...
        
             | newsbinator wrote:
             | Minsk does both well
        
         | browningstreet wrote:
         | I live adjacent to a mid- sized downtown area. It's walkable,
         | but from my house to anything on the other side of it... not as
         | walkable. Driving it is very annoying though... lights, weird
         | traffic patterns, a million turns, one way streets, etc. if any
         | single one of those roads were converted to a bike only street,
         | it'd be 100x easier and more rewarding to bike it.
         | 
         | I wish American towns... especially the smaller ones where
         | streets are too narrow for bike lanes, would embrace no-car
         | streets. The fact that they don't exist AT ALL is
         | disheartening.
        
         | xorfish wrote:
         | Just imagine how much freedom people that can't drive a car
         | (disabilities, too young, too old) get in a walkable city.
         | 
         | Can you imagine to live in a city where you can give a 10 year
         | old money to get some ice at a stand that is 2 km away?
         | 
         | That happens if you do city planning right.
        
       | mancerayder wrote:
       | Walkable cities or walkable towns?
       | 
       | The cities are losing population and this started before Covid.
       | Now, with working from home possibilities, it has been revealed,
       | in NYC at least, that many people only were living here to be
       | close to work. It's evident from the house sales behavior in more
       | suburban and rural areas, and while things are coming back, it
       | seems to be skewing towards a younger demographic and 'new
       | people' rather than people-who-had-left. Moreover, a lot of
       | people are downgrading apartments and buying weekend homes with
       | fresh air and birds in trees.
       | 
       | Let's forget cities for a second. A lot of American towns could
       | be a little more pedestrian friendly. They should copy European
       | cities like France and Netherlands and Germany, where even
       | smaller towns have public transport that doesn't suck, safe
       | sidewalks with safe crosswalks, and separate bike lanes.
       | 
       | Instead we have roads with people's driveways, commercial stuff,
       | people walking, all intermixed making traffic slow and dangerous.
       | 
       | The evidence that Americans want more walkable towns is in the
       | fact that these towns are so much more expensive and often
       | populated by white collar professionals who can afford them.
        
       | gullywhumper wrote:
       | To make cities more walkable, changing driver behavior needs to
       | be a significant focus.
       | 
       | Minneapolis consistently ranks as one of the better cities for
       | pedestrians, but even here the drivers here are really aggressive
       | towards pedestrians to the point that some don't even care if
       | you're pushing a stroller. Bike lanes, trails, and enhanced
       | crosswalks are great, but they can't protect you from drivers
       | that ignore traffic laws and drive dangerously.
       | 
       | The city knows it has a problem. This picture taken today is of a
       | sign posted on one of the main bridges into downtown:
       | 
       | https://imgur.com/gallery/NsLGfk4
        
         | reducesuffering wrote:
         | Easier said than done. My Bay Area City is implementing city
         | planning measures to reduce traffic fatalities; things like
         | bike lane protectors and removing right-turn yield passages
         | into a sharp right turn that forces drivers to be slower. You
         | would not believe the amount of sheer vitriol from many
         | folks....
        
         | noahtallen wrote:
         | Road design has a huge part to play here. Places with very safe
         | streets have very few lanes, lots of traffic calming, smarter
         | signals, and design which makes drivers slow down and pay
         | attention. The road in that picture is broad and open, so it's
         | no wonder cars feel like they're the priority: the design
         | promotes it.
         | 
         | I agree that cultural change is necessary too, but there are so
         | many relatively cheap things we could do to improve streets for
         | non-cars! And if we do, they'd end up being able to move more
         | people anyways, because cars are incredibly space expensive.
        
       | guyzero wrote:
       | My belief is that Americans want walkable cities except they
       | fundamentally hate other people. Not personally, just
       | existentially. Other people take stuff that the average American
       | wants - a parking spot next to the door, getting a coffee right
       | away, being seated instantly in a restaurant. Or simply having to
       | see people they dislike.
       | 
       | So the drive, which means they have to see even fewer people.
        
         | Minor49er wrote:
         | What a bizarre take. I've experienced Americans doing the
         | following for me as a stranger:                 - Waving hello
         | as I walk past       - Holding open doors as I approach,
         | despite being able-bodied       - Creating an opening for me in
         | busy traffic when they don't have to       - Picking stuff up
         | for me that I've accidentally dropped
         | 
         | The list goes on.
         | 
         | The reason why Americans drive is that they have a large
         | population living across a sprawling landmass. Trains used to
         | be the norm as American cities were being developed in the
         | 1800s through the early 1900s. But because the scale of cities
         | grew, they became less efficient than cars for most people to
         | get around
        
       | doit4thebitties wrote:
       | Have to build cities European-style then with shops and
       | residences closer together.
       | 
       | Also, Davis CA is extremely walkable anywhere near downtown and
       | the UCD campus.
        
       | PrisonerofWS wrote:
       | It's absolute pie in the sky to think Americans will give up
       | their cars. Walkability is great for a sunny Saturday morning
       | farmers market. But that's not going to move the needle on carbon
       | in any significant way. Living in a "walkable" neighborhood with
       | two cars in the driveway is like recycling. It makes us feel like
       | we're doing something meaningful to rationalize all the junk we
       | buy on Amazon.
       | 
       | But one car per household would make a significant difference.
       | It's not just carbon emissions. It's also the energy required to
       | manufacture and ship the second car. You can still drive
       | anywhere, anytime but one car forces you to coordinate and make
       | choices. Gotta start somewhere.
        
         | newobj wrote:
         | It's actually possible for walkability to have nothing to do
         | with environmentalism.
        
         | generalizations wrote:
         | > one car forces you to coordinate and make choices
         | 
         | Choices like, "oh, I can't live in the country because my
         | spouse can't go anywhere while I'm at work an hour away."
         | 
         | One car per household is a great way to lower the quality of
         | life for a large fraction of households.
        
           | BoxOfRain wrote:
           | I think a lot of city dwellers fail to realise not everyone
           | is attracted to urban life and some people actively disdain
           | it. I really don't like being in built up areas for more than
           | a few days, if I lived in one I'd be a miserable alcoholic
           | within a month. If you listened to half the people in
           | discussions like this they'd pile us all into Warhammer 40k
           | style arcologies!
           | 
           | Urban life genuinely holds no appeal at all for me, I'm just
           | not wired for it. I know this isn't true for everyone or even
           | the majority but it is for a lot of people, I'd honestly
           | rather emigrate to a foreign country with all the stress and
           | work that entails than live in a city even for a year. My
           | dream house would be an old stone cottage somewhere
           | overlooking the sea with no light pollution and the nearest
           | neighbour at least half a mile away! It's not that I'm
           | antisocial, it's just that cities are sensory overload _par
           | excellence_ and I just feel really uncomfortable after a
           | while of that. I'm social enough, but I prefer to have the
           | choice to keep the world at arm's length if necessary.
        
         | pxeboot wrote:
         | > It's absolute pie in the sky to think Americans will give up
         | their cars.
         | 
         | Yep. I live in a very walkable neighborhood and walk to work.
         | Almost everybody else still drives a full size truck or SUV,
         | even if they are only going a few blocks.
        
         | CapricornNoble wrote:
         | >>>But one car per household would make a significant
         | difference. It's not just carbon emissions. It's also the
         | energy required to manufacture and ship the second car. You can
         | still drive anywhere, anytime but one car forces you to
         | coordinate and make choices.
         | 
         | I know a woman who divorced her husband and moved back to Japan
         | because they only had 1 car, and her lack of mobility kept her
         | from getting a job or doing much of anything besides sitting in
         | the house. I think they were living in the Atlanta suburbs,
         | which I'm not familiar with.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | dmos62 wrote:
       | I think car-only cities sounded like such a good idea during
       | urbanization. I wonder what current trendy ideas we'll look back
       | on with regret.
        
       | heurisko wrote:
       | I live in England. Our cities are walkable, but they are often a
       | nightmare to commute to by car (and bus, train, even though this
       | is getting better).
       | 
       | What I think would work in American suburbs is light rail/tram
       | systems. They aren't as popular in England, but are very popular
       | in Germany. As a tourist, they made getting around very easy,
       | even without a car.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | Giorgi wrote:
       | They want but will never walk.
        
       | mostertoaster wrote:
       | I think the inside of a downtown should only have one way streets
       | and parking on the side, and have big centers with plaza like
       | things. Then you mostly drive on the outside until you're
       | parking.
       | 
       | I hate how the roads are in our downtowns ever since visiting
       | Italy and seeing these huge plazas all over in the cities.
        
       | btheshoe wrote:
       | Honestly this stuff is part of what makes me want to move to
       | Shanghai, or another city in east Asia at some point in my life.
       | The public transport there was just incredible - super efficient,
       | super clean, extremely accessible. I'm in tech though, so
       | probably stuck to the bay area :/
        
       | MattGaiser wrote:
       | How many are willing to give up a detached house for it though?
       | 
       | How many are willing to deal with shortsighted neighbours who
       | refuse to fix their condo building?
       | 
       | I'm someone who nominally wants walkable neighbourhoods, but as
       | soon as it requires compromising those two, I'm out.
        
         | xputer wrote:
         | No need to give up single family homes at all. Just make sure
         | every suburb has a dense multi use zoned core with shops and
         | apartments above the shops. Then make that core easy to reach
         | from all across the suburb by walking/cycling/bus/rail (yes
         | that will take away some of the space allocated to cars). Then
         | as a bonus, connect those cores to each other with rail. This
         | is essentially how Dutch suburbs work.
        
       | habosa wrote:
       | Sometimes I think Americans don't know how badly they want this.
       | 
       | Americans will tell you how wonderful European cities are with
       | their small streets and their public squares filled with great
       | restaurants. They think we don't have cities like that because
       | we're lacking some fundamental European-ness.
       | 
       | No. We just put cars everywhere. Cars ruin everything. Now you
       | have wider streets. Louder streets. More dangerous streets. Far
       | less foot traffic which means very low chances of discovering a
       | new favorite place. You have lower business density which totally
       | changes the economics of an entire neighborhood. Etc.
       | 
       | In this and so many other things Americans say they want what
       | they see elsewhere but are uninterested in doing anything about
       | it.
        
         | afarrell wrote:
         | The problem is there are real costs:
         | 
         | - Politicians need to be willing to withstand accusations that
         | they are allied with property developers who earn more than
         | they spend.
         | 
         | - Politicians have to be willing to piss off people who support
         | minimum parking requirements and other restrictions.
         | 
         | - Those same politicians have to be able to get re-elected.
         | 
         | - Large numbers of people have to credibly promise to volunteer
         | and vote for a local politician who supports the walkable urban
         | development policies alongside positions they disagree with.
         | 
         | An individual can want it, but it requires costly collective
         | action to change. If just one person goes to a town council
         | meeting and argues in favor of letting a housing developer
         | build apartments near them, that will have little impact unless
         | they also talk 2 other people into both taking similar action
         | and recursively getting similar alignment.
         | 
         | The rate at which YIMBY activism spreads is too low.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | SirZimzim wrote:
         | I always wish for big pedestrian zones like those public
         | squares in Europe. I have noticed closing off streets has
         | become more common but we need to commit and make those full
         | time pedestrian areas. We don't need to park 3 feet away from
         | everything.
        
         | spamizbad wrote:
         | Americans aren't homogenous: those who adore European cities
         | aren't the same ones demanding parking minimums at their local
         | neighborhood groups. _Those_ people don't give a hoot about
         | European cities: they just want everything within a 10 mile
         | radius of where they live to be easy to drive to and don't want
         | to think through or be reminded of the externalities.
        
         | mapgrep wrote:
         | You are right, and there are also design speeds routinely
         | imposed on new/"improved" U.S. roads that enable or even
         | require (under govt safety standards) wide roads, which just
         | encourage faster driving and worsen the problem. Even here in
         | nyc we have some roads like this. Thankfully they are a smaller
         | proportion than in the rest of the country. But mainly that's
         | because of the age of the streets -- we are lucky to have old
         | ones not ruined by our engineers and government.
         | 
         | https://www.strongtowns.org/slowthecars
         | 
         | https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2020/10/20/taking-pedest...
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | I've lived in walkable US cities. The main ingredients are
         | mixed use, high density, effective public transportation,
         | useable sidewalks, and zero surface level parking lots. Roads
         | and underground parking is fine because they don't lower
         | density that much and density defines how much you can reach in
         | a reasonable walk.
         | 
         | What I think people miss is public transportation is the least
         | important part of the equation. Once people start walking
         | everywhere you can increase the number of trips people take
         | with public transportation, but you want people making short
         | trips not simply long commutes.
        
           | presentation wrote:
           | Roads often do make a big difference - if there are too many
           | lanes it you end up with a block-sized, loud and dangerous
           | chasm in the middle of what could be a bustling neighborhood.
           | 
           | I live in Tokyo and it's dominated by streets that are
           | literally barely wide enough to have two cars pass each other
           | at <5mph, and I've come to love that.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | IMO this still just comes down to density. Getting to a
             | park just across a 3 lane divided highway isn't a problem
             | especially via skyway or underground tunnel. Walking 5
             | miles to that same park isn't.
             | 
             | Narrow streets can significantly boost city density which
             | then gets people out of their cars. One way streets make
             | crossing traffic easier. But, if there's nowhere to walk to
             | then it's all kind of pointless.
        
         | wanderingmind wrote:
         | I was going to write almost very similar comment. A follow up
         | question will be how badly they want it and are they willing to
         | give up their cars to have a walkable City and you would
         | immediately see how many are actually interested in it
        
           | loa_in_ wrote:
           | The sunken cost basically almost doomed the world by now
           | (fossil fuel industry) so there's no way America gives up
           | their cars (for less)
        
             | ethanbond wrote:
             | Of course there is. Just get rid of parking and/or put up
             | bollards.
        
               | johannes1234321 wrote:
               | It's not that easy. For one there is a notable population
               | which will complain and even for those who want to get
               | rid of cars it is a long project: You need to change the
               | city structure. If you have a resedential area without
               | shops to run errands and no workplaces whatsoever people
               | will need to travel long distances each time. Long travel
               | time (whatever the means) means that you don't do grocery
               | shopping for a day or two, but a week or two, which means
               | you carry more and that's only viable by car.
               | 
               | Transforming city structure and society takes time.
        
           | ganzuul wrote:
           | European cities are overrun by electric scooters. It's not a
           | big step. heh
        
             | CaptainZapp wrote:
             | Usually provided by American companies supported by venture
             | capital.
             | 
             | As a resident of a very walkable European city I can assure
             | you that most of us didn't ask for those pests.
        
               | tblt wrote:
               | As a resident of another very walkable European city, I
               | love the ease and affordability of e-scooters. They
               | haven't replaced walking for me, they've replaced the
               | longer trips where I might take a bus, train or taxi.
               | They're cheaper, more convenient and especially during
               | the pandemic have meant fresh air and the joy of being
               | outside.
        
               | msla wrote:
               | > Usually provided by American companies supported by
               | venture capital.
               | 
               | And bought by Europeans with European money. What's your
               | point, beyond nationalist bickering?
        
           | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
           | If I didn't need it to get to work I wouldn't own a car. I
           | hate them.
        
           | lumost wrote:
           | Zoning is a dragon that even a clear majority can't slay in
           | many cities. In Boston there is a major controversy that all
           | new construction must have 1 parking space for every 2
           | condos.
           | 
           | Property developers, residents, and everyone else hates this
           | regulation as the people buying these condos aren't getting
           | cars. You end up with buildings that are 1/3rd empty parking
           | lot.
           | 
           | Bear in mind that the most popular neighborhoods of Boston
           | were built in the 1600s without cars in mind.
        
           | nerdponx wrote:
           | The problem is that American cities also generally don't have
           | functioning mass transit systems. And even in those that do
           | (New York), they don't always go where you need them to go,
           | so mass transit trips can be 2-3x longer than a car trip.
           | 
           | Want to do a big shopping trip? Have more than 1 child you
           | need to move around the city? Want to do more than 1 specific
           | errand in the same afternoon? Without a car, all of this
           | becomes a huge pain in the ass even in New York or Boston,
           | which have extensive networks of subways and buses, let alone
           | anywhere else.
           | 
           | And now let's say you want to get out of the city for the
           | weekend. Do you rent a car? That's way more expensive in the
           | long run compared to owning.
           | 
           | We would need to fundamentally redesign our cities/towns and
           | transit systems for Americans to be able to give up their
           | cars.
        
             | OJFord wrote:
             | > And now let's say you want to get out of the city for the
             | weekend. Do you rent a car? That's way more expensive in
             | the long run compared to owning.
             | 
             | Are you doing it every weekend? Renting a car for just the
             | odd weekend away would be way cheaper than owning. The
             | initial cost / capital depreciation aside even.
             | 
             | I live in London and don't have a car, a PS50+ train out to
             | my parents' seems a bit absurd next to the cost of a train
             | to Paris, Ryanair flights, or my Netflix subscription. But
             | I could do it every other weekend just for the cost of
             | _insuring_ a (basic, sensible) car.
             | 
             | I could probably go more often than I do, take _taxis_
             | there and back ( >2h each way) and still come out ahead vs.
             | car ownership.
             | 
             | Really need a 'day to day' (or specialised, such as needing
             | capacity for something, or disabled access) use to make it
             | worthwhile IMO, too many people I think see it as just a
             | 'standard' thing which must be had.
        
               | maccard wrote:
               | Cars are unfortunately too cheap. My last car was a basic
               | VW polo, and the insurance was PS350/year, road tax PS99
               | and probably PS200 a year amortized over the 5 years on
               | servicing/wear and year, with a 400 mile range on ~PS50
               | worth of fuel. The break even point on that is ~5-6 trips
               | per year, and much lower if you use the car for basically
               | anything else. I can fly to eastern Europe for PS15, but
               | the transit to the airport is more expensive than that in
               | my city.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | What about parking? In major cities that's is frequently
               | the biggest expense at ~PS100/month it really adds up.
        
               | Leherenn wrote:
               | And it's even worse when you consider you can add people
               | for almost no extra costs, whereas with public
               | transportation it mostly multiplies.
        
             | omaranto wrote:
             | I lived in the Boston area for five years and it was a
             | great experience overall, it's quite walkable. The one
             | thing I could never quite get used to was public transit
             | taking longer than walking! You often had a choice of
             | walking for 20 minutes or waiting 15 minutes for a 6 minute
             | bus ride. (Tip: in winter, walking isn't just faster, it
             | feels much warmer too.)
             | 
             | This really confused my Mexico City brain. Here in Mexico
             | City public transit is horribly crowded but faster than
             | walking. The subway is usually faster even than driving,
             | which makes sense because you're not in our terrible
             | traffic.
             | 
             | I guess part of the problem in Boston is that there just
             | aren't enough riders: after waiting 10 minutes for a bus it
             | wasn't even full! Here in Mexico City a more typical
             | waiting period is 5 minutes and the bus is usually packed.
             | I bet in Boston it's just not economically viable to run
             | transit more frequently. Although maybe more people would
             | opt for public transit if it were more frequent?
             | 
             | Anyway, I do recommend living Boston for a few years even
             | with its wonky public transit. It's very pretty and has
             | plenty of character.
        
               | NumberWangMan wrote:
               | Apparently 12 minutes of waiting is the critical point
               | where you start to lose riders of public transit. If you
               | want people to really use your system, you need to keep
               | wait times consistently under that.
        
       | cletus wrote:
       | No, they don't.
       | 
       | This is a classic example of listening to what people say vs
       | observing what they do. And it's a good lesson in product
       | development. Ask your users "do you want X?" And the answer is
       | inevitably "yes". Ask them "do you want A or B?" And you'll start
       | to get a better approximation of user behavior. Better yet is
       | observing actual behavior.
       | 
       | In this case Americans have chosen the suburbs in droves.
       | 
       | Americans want walkable areas in close proximity to the exact
       | kind of house they live in now with all that entails: large
       | single family house on a large lot with their 2+ cars.
       | 
       | People would don't love in the US may not realize just how large
       | the lots are most Americans live on. In Australian cities a
       | quarter acre block was once the dream. More typical now is half
       | that.
       | 
       | You will find areas in Atlanta where the lot size is one or even
       | two acres.
       | 
       | It's only the older typically East Coast cities that have
       | anything remotely approaching the density you might see in
       | Europe.
        
         | 0xB31B1B wrote:
         | You aren't looking at the right variables. The revealed
         | preference isn't shown by where people chose to move because
         | pricing due to exogenous factors has a huge impact on
         | availability. The right way to look is in some mix of "price
         | per square foot" and "cost per dwelling unit" metrics, both of
         | which show a strong preference for (1) dense urban living like
         | NYC and (2) walkable suburban living like downtown palo alto,
         | Berkeley, LA or many other inner ring suburbs in east coast
         | cities.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | People do vote with their dollars. The walkable neighborhoods
         | in my city tend to cost 2-3X more than houses in less walkable
         | areas.
         | 
         | There are actually huge swaths of affordable houses built on
         | the outskirts of many towns, but people don't want them because
         | they're not close to the walkable parts of the city.
        
           | taeric wrote:
           | This can be misleading. The supply in walkable areas will, by
           | near definition, be lower than places you have to drive to.
           | Such that the evidence isn't that houses are more expensive
           | in walkable areas. The evidence is that it is not
           | economically viable to build more walkable neighborhoods.
           | 
           | Edit: I meant to say it could be an alternative, not that it
           | is.
        
             | epistasis wrote:
             | It is far far far more economical to build walkable
             | neighborhoods. They require far less infrastructure costs,
             | from water piping to sewer to roads. Quite often the only
             | places that can sustainably fund themselves on property
             | taxes are walkable multiuse neighborhoods. A ton of
             | suburbia is sitting on huge infrastructure bills that will
             | come due in the near future.
             | 
             | Car-dependent neighborhoods only exist because law prevents
             | more dense uses. I don't know of a single such car-
             | dependent neighborhood that doesn't strictly prevent a
             | change away from being car dependent. From zoning to codes,
             | anything that could lead to a walkable neighborhood is
             | banned by law from even starting.
             | 
             | If we didn't outlaw walkable neighborhoods, and vigorously
             | defend the banning of apartments and corner stores by
             | swarming of planning meetings and recalls of city council
             | members, vigorous actions perpetrated by the few and not
             | the many, the balance would be entirely different.
             | 
             | In every single family neighborhood that is far dependent,
             | you'll find a small number of people that will go to war to
             | prevent any change to that. And all our systems are set up
             | to allow a small number of people to control the outcomes
             | of planning decisions.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | This sounds good on paper, but you just have to look at
               | how Walmart destroyed brick and mortar shops. They would
               | build a single giant shop for an entire region and folks
               | would drive to it in droves.
               | 
               | That is to say, I want to agree. I just can't square that
               | with how I've seen small towns destroyed by shopping
               | centers that require cars for the residents to drive to.
               | (Ironically, this is different from the situation that
               | requires companies to drive to the customers. Though,
               | there, reverse pressure exists such that the more reliant
               | on the company driving, the less pleasant the shopping
               | experience.)
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | I don't quite understand the contradiction. If you're
               | talking about small rural areas, sure, but that's a tiny
               | fraction of our population. And rural areas don't
               | typically vigorously block apartment and walkable
               | development.
               | 
               | And I haven't seen every rural town, but all of the ones
               | that I know of have plenty of housing near a walkable
               | core too. I know lots of rural people that have no
               | trouble getting in 20,000 steps daily because of that
               | walkability of homes neat the downtown.
               | 
               | But suburbia, the vast majority of our new housing over
               | the past 50-60 years, is not rural, and is of a very
               | different character.
               | 
               | Strong Towns has been reporting on this for years, from
               | the fiscally conservative side. Though I don't call
               | myself any sort of fiscal conservative, the data and
               | analysis is very good, IMHO:
               | 
               | https://www.strongtowns.org/the-growth-ponzi-scheme/
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | But... talking about the rural areas is enough to destroy
               | the "if you build walkable areas, folks will live there."
               | Right?
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | Well this is also combined with a shift away from rural
               | areas in terms of job opportunities, as farming has
               | either become hugely automated, or staffed by skilled
               | labor that is severely underpaid.
               | 
               | Where there is economic opportunity, density and walk
               | ability are forbidden by law, not by market preferences
               | or by natural choices.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | I want to believe this, to a large extent. But it doesn't
               | square with my experiences in small towns.
               | 
               | I fully grant that I'm rather removed from my experiences
               | in said small towns. And I should fully lay the cards on
               | the table that I haven't driven a car for my own commute
               | or basic transportation in almost a decade. I far far
               | prefer biking/walking to work. Even still, we drive the
               | kids to school where we are now. (We walked them back in
               | Seattle.)
        
               | 8note wrote:
               | People wanted to live in rural areas before the car
               | existed, I'm pretty sure.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | But companies did not, and generally do not, want to
               | build in them. Which makes them particularly difficult to
               | make walkable.
        
               | jcims wrote:
               | I'm interested in what you mean by car-dependent
               | neighborhood?
               | 
               | From what I've seen it has little to do with
               | accommodations for vehicles at the residence level and
               | more to do with the proximity of interesting places to
               | walk to. It does help if these 'interesting places' don't
               | have much parking accommodation.
        
               | epistasis wrote:
               | By "car-dependent" I mean the style of US urban planning
               | that has dominated since WW2, with huge tracts of single-
               | use zoning, miles and miles wide. Usually dominated by
               | cul-de-sacs with feeder roads. There is nowhere to walk
               | to, distances are far enough that bicycles even become
               | challenging, and it's impossible for transit to serve the
               | road design, because density of housing is too low and
               | the intentional lack of a connected road network makes it
               | too difficult to ever run buses in a meaningful way.
               | 
               | Cul-de-sacs are used to minimize the danger of cars (the
               | largest cause of child death) and keep traffic to a
               | minimum where people live, at the expense of circuitous
               | routes. And they shift car traffic to even more dangerous
               | feeder roads, that have high speeds and few crossings,
               | that serve as extremely dangerous barriers for
               | pedestrians and bikes.
        
             | mulmen wrote:
             | I have lived in highly walkable neighborhoods. They utilize
             | highrises to increase density (supply) of housing and
             | commercial space. Walkable areas are by necessity higher
             | density, meaning they pack more supply into the same
             | footprint.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | Some do. I lived in upper Queen Anne in Seattle. Very few
               | highrise houses and all very expensive now. I would be a
               | liar if I said I didn't miss how walkable it was.
               | 
               | I also lived in Buckhead area of Atlanta. Also very
               | walkable for me, though there were a few high rises.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | I lived in the Junction in West Seattle for 7 years.
               | Highly walkable, lots of highrises in the core, but still
               | lots of (very expensive!) single family homes. Now I live
               | on Alki and it is much less walkable. I can get around
               | but have to climb Admiral to get to a grocery store.
               | Several of our bus routes were permanently closed.
               | 
               | Queen Anne benefits from being in Seattle and the
               | economic benefits that has to businesses that make a
               | neighborhood walkable. It's also just very old and was
               | built when walkability was a necessity. Unfortunately it
               | is prohibitively expensive because higher density
               | development is difficult or impossible.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | Right. But whenever I hear that "walkable places are
               | expensive", I hear folks talking about places like
               | Seattle. Or downtown Atlanta.
               | 
               | What places are we talking about that are a) highly
               | walkable, b) expensive, and c) not at capacity?
               | 
               | (This is a genuine question. I fully cede that I could
               | just be completely miscalibrated for this.)
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | I have sensed an emerging "story" in various media over
               | the last 6-12 months that within the US at least, there
               | are vanishingly few cities or large towns that are (a)
               | highly desirable places to live (b) affordable to median
               | income folks. Or maybe the story is that if this is not
               | true to today, it seems that it will be in 5-10 years.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | I don't think this is necessarily a new story, all told.
               | I think I remember it back in the 90s.
               | 
               | That said, does seem to be getting more pronounced.
               | Really, just seems that there aren't any new cities. All
               | of the places folks wanted to live, are the same places
               | folks want to live today. :(
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | I think we are talking past each other. When you said
               | "The supply in walkable areas will, by near definition,
               | be lower than places you have to drive to." I interpreted
               | that to mean there is less total supply. You seem to be
               | speaking to available supply.
               | 
               | > What places are we talking about that are a) highly
               | walkable, b) expensive, and c) not at capacity?
               | 
               | I don't think there is such a place. If a place is
               | walkable it is going to be at or near capacity which
               | makes it expensive.
               | 
               | The lack of these areas seems to be a result of an
               | unwillingness to increase density.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | I was meaning it in terms of purchasable supply. Nothing
               | is stopping anyone from building a new city center in the
               | middle of Montana, such that it has plenty of buildable
               | supply.
               | 
               | That is, you can say that dense cities are more
               | effecient, but that only matters if you can build another
               | one. Otherwise, there are more affordable homes further
               | from existing city center then there are in them. And
               | that is going to be hard to change.
               | 
               | You seem to be pointing that existing cities should
               | double down on their density. I'm claiming if that was
               | such a clear path to success, it would be done in new
               | places.
               | 
               | I do suspect there is a mix of both.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | > Nothing is stopping anyone from building a new city
               | center in the middle of Montana, such that it has plenty
               | of buildable supply.
               | 
               | I don't think it is that easy. The state has to approve a
               | new town. I don't think you can just create one at will.
               | Nearby landowners are certainly going to have opinions.
               | 
               | > You seem to be pointing that existing cities should
               | double down on their density.
               | 
               | Ideally, yes. But really I am saying they _can't_ because
               | zoning laws prevent it. Existing home owners favor this
               | constraint because it keeps prices up.
        
               | taeric wrote:
               | I think it is easier than you'd think to get a builder to
               | build a neighborhood. Convincing mixed zoning to move in
               | is more difficult. Largely due to how confusing store
               | ownership is. Often the buildings need to exist and be
               | owned before businesses look to lease in places.
               | 
               | None of which is to say I disagree with zoning being
               | problematic. I fully agree with that points. I just think
               | it is oversold. Folks like having room, and folks are
               | typically over afraid of letting kids play in parks on
               | their own. (I can't really argue against some of that
               | fear... :( )
        
               | wpm wrote:
               | My census tract in Chicago is denser than 96% of America.
               | There are like two high-rises, one for seniors and some
               | shorter new construction near the transit stops in the
               | 5-6 story range.
               | 
               | The bulk of my neighborhoods density is created by
               | missing middle housing, two and three flats, four-six
               | square apartments, and a healthy smattering of SFHs on
               | narrow lots.
               | 
               | I have a backyard. My neighbor grows a garden in between
               | her house and her two car garage. She pollinates her
               | garden with the honey bees she keeps.
               | 
               | The dichotomy between "car centric suburbia" or "huge 100
               | story high rises" is false. You can get to walkable
               | density without going over three stories on average.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | I don't think there is a building in Seattle even close
               | to 100 floors.
               | 
               | The Junction in West Seattle (where I lived) is exactly
               | what you describe.
        
           | drivers99 wrote:
           | That's called "drive until you qualify."
        
         | jppope wrote:
         | > "In this case Americans have chosen the suburbs in droves."
         | 
         | "chosen the suburbs" implies that there was a choice.
         | 
         | The limited walkable cities that have been built since 1950
         | (like Seaside, FL) are some of the most coveted real estate in
         | the United States. The plain fact is that walkable cities are
         | illegal to build now because of zoning laws and building codes.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | Supply and demand drives prices up, but it doesn't tell us
           | how large the demand is, only that there is enough to drive
           | up prices. it only takes a small number of unmet demand go
           | drive prices up.
        
           | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
           | > The limited walkable cities that have been built since 1950
           | (like Seaside, FL)
           | 
           | I think you should check the population of Seaside (or
           | Celebration). Oh that's right, it's never had a census scan.
           | Suffice it to say that calling either of them "cities" is
           | quite a stretch.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | Once kids are in the picture, school districts with greater
         | proportions of wealthier families is the priority.
         | 
         | Plus, the easiest way to avoid dealing with homeless people
         | and/or gangs is to live in far flung suburbs where everything
         | is so far that cars are a necessity.
        
           | bllguo wrote:
           | "Avoid" being the operative word! Unfortunately we've chosen
           | to slap on the suburbia band-aid that just introduces more
           | negative externalities. Dense cities in Europe and East Asia
           | are much safer _and_ score better on education metrics, so
           | it's not like eschewing urbanity is working well for us
           | comparatively.
        
         | surfmike wrote:
         | At the end of the day most people want more of their bit of
         | space (indoor and outdoor) for the money. Which inherently
         | pushes them to suburbs.
        
         | dionidium wrote:
         | Suburban character isn't the result of consumer choice. In most
         | suburbs, alternative kinds of development are literally illegal
         | to build. Cities regulate the number of units, the heights of
         | buildings, how far they must be setback from the street, how
         | many parking spaces they require, and so on and so on.
         | 
         | Landowners lobby for and enact these regulations precisely
         | because they know that if people were allowed to vote with
         | their wallets they'd choose to live in denser developments.
         | 
         | You can't make cheeseburgers illegal and then argue that nobody
         | orders cheeseburgers in restaurants because they're unpopular.
        
           | dionidium wrote:
           | I hope no one will think it too unorthodox if I respond to my
           | own comment just to add that given these constraints on land
           | use patterns it's obviously the case that Americans choose to
           | drive automobiles. It's fairly common to hear people describe
           | this, too, as another kind of "revealed preference" for
           | driving over the alternatives. But it's a revealed preference
           | _in the environment as it exists today_ , which is the only
           | environment that's legal. If people were allowed to build
           | other kinds of environments, then they would build other
           | kinds of environments and in those other kinds of
           | environments they would make other choices about
           | transportation.
           | 
           | If you only look at people on the beach, you'll find a
           | revealed preference for flip-flops. But in other kinds of
           | environments, people wear other kinds of footwear. If you
           | only looked at people on beaches, you'd draw some funny
           | conclusions about what people like to wear on their feet.
           | 
           | The big takeaway here is that the suburbs are the result of
           | big government social engineering on a massive scale. You
           | really can't look at anything about land-use or
           | transportation and conclude basically anything useful about
           | "revealed preferences."
        
         | harryh wrote:
         | There is some truth in this post, but it's also important to
         | understand that in most of the places with very large lots, it
         | is illegal to subdivide the lots and build denser housing. If
         | greater density was legalized, it would almost certainly be
         | built and inhabited in a great many places.
        
           | notJim wrote:
           | People have this all-or-nothing thinking about this, but
           | realistically most cities ought to have a mix. A single
           | person in their 20s doesn't necessarily need or want a house
           | with a yard, but they might want one later on. Right now, in
           | most places that means allowing more options for apartments
           | to be built, and more medium-density for people who are
           | somewhere in between.
        
             | Karrot_Kream wrote:
             | I think it's largely because we're still at the point in
             | American politics where the folks against densification are
             | still strongly tied to a certain pastoral vision of
             | America: large lot sizes, single family homes, easy
             | parking, and heavily manicured neighborhoods. It's more
             | than just density, it's a legally codified way of life.
             | Folks understand that the moment restrictions are eased
             | that this pastoral view of urban development will
             | necessarily change. It takes a lot of restrictions to have
             | a built environment like America's and the only way to
             | maintain that built environment is to resist any change to
             | the restrictions.
             | 
             | But I agree. A vision of sustainable development would be a
             | dense urban core with decreasing density away from the
             | core, instead of endless SFH large-lot sprawl. Families or
             | other individuals that want/need more space can live on the
             | outskirts and take a train in to the urban core for work.
             | Younger people or those who don't need the space can stay
             | in the core, and folks in between can live anywhere in the
             | spectrum of density.
        
             | xorfish wrote:
             | There needs to be a land tax that is high enough to cover
             | the cost of infrastructure.
             | 
             | This is currently not the case with single family homes.
        
         | graeme wrote:
         | Your thesis is flawed. It is illegal to build new dense
         | walkable neighborhoods in almost all of north america. But
         | existing neighbourhoods of that style tend to be both highly
         | priced to live in and also popular tourist destinations,
         | implying high desirability.
         | 
         | The older east coat cities built walkable neighbourhoods before
         | they became illegal.
        
           | refurb wrote:
           | Housing is actually _more_ expensive outside of San
           | Francisco, at least suburbs close to the city.
           | 
           | I'd say there is more demand for a house with a yard in the
           | suburbs than a 2 bedroom apartment in the city.
           | 
           | Especially in a post-Covid world where people are working
           | from home, who wants to be stuck in an apartment during the
           | next lockdown?
        
             | usaar333 wrote:
             | > Housing is actually more expensive outside of San
             | Francisco, at least suburbs close to the city.
             | 
             | Not per lot SQ feet
        
               | refurb wrote:
               | Why would you look at just the lot sq ft and ignore the
               | house or other factors?
        
               | usaar333 wrote:
               | Because it's the land that drives value in the Bay Area.
               | 
               | I suppose you can use some weighted combination of lot
               | and house, but I haven't seen common and simple valuation
               | metrics there.
        
           | cletus wrote:
           | > It is illegal to build new dense walkable neighborhoods in
           | almost all of north america
           | 
           | Yes.. because of the people's representatives. Why is that do
           | you think?
           | 
           | > The older east coat cities built walkable neighbourhoods
           | before they became illegal.
           | 
           | Technically, they were built before the modern automobile era
           | when there was really no alternative. Additionally, geography
           | played a part. Manhattan is land-constrained. So is San
           | Francisco. LA, Chicago and Atlanta are not.
           | 
           | By any quantitative measure, Americans have clearly chosen a
           | car-dependent lifestyle. Since WW2, houses have gotten larger
           | while families have gotten smaller. When given the choice
           | between less space is a downtown neighbourhood or more space
           | in the suburbs the vast majority of people choose the latter.
           | 
           | People will even choose more space and pay exorbitant private
           | school fees rather than live with less space but get a "free"
           | excellent public school system, even though the latter is
           | almost always more economically sensible, even more so the
           | more children a family has.
        
             | coryrc wrote:
             | > Why is that do you think?
             | 
             | Zoning is too local, so if I can't afford to live near my
             | job I can't vote to allow me to live near my job.
        
             | graeme wrote:
             | Nobody campaigns on parking minimums, setbacks, etc and
             | most people you speak to haven't heard of these things.
             | Municipal election turnout is low.
             | 
             | I'll admit it's certainly possible. Or possible that
             | decades ago people voted for this and the laws stayed.
             | 
             | But the argument seems pretty indirect given how few people
             | are familiar with these issues.
        
           | grumblenum wrote:
           | I've never dealt with a city in my region that didn't have
           | variance procedures for building and land development
           | permits. In my own experience, these committees are nearly a
           | rubber stamp unless an adjacent property owner expects to be
           | inconvenienced. You're observing what's called realized
           | preferences.
           | 
           | Coffee-table planners seem content to frame everything as a
           | political problem, as if developers are an extended civil
           | service or some kind of unthinking machines. There is also an
           | unsurprising lack of investigation into places in the world
           | where zoning free-for-alls actually do exist. Most are not
           | like Martha's Vinyard. Many people don't actually want to
           | live in a favela, and they vote and spend their dollars
           | accordingly.
           | 
           | The east coast built walkable neighborhoods because they were
           | built _before_ cars existed. Several of these states have a
           | net negative domestic migration, which does not suggest that
           | people _want_ to live there.
        
             | xorfish wrote:
             | There were plenty of walkable places in the US. They were
             | just bulldozed for the car.
             | 
             | https://strongtowns.org has a few good examples.
        
           | 542458 wrote:
           | They're illegal because people vote for representatives who
           | makes them illegal and show up to city council meetings to
           | petition for them to be illegal.
           | 
           | Existing areas in that style tend to be expensive, but are
           | often (at least where I've lived) some of the most NYMBY
           | areas in a city. They like the benefits their density has
           | brought, but won't tolerate the lot next to them getting one
           | iota more dense.
        
             | UncleMeat wrote:
             | Is that because they don't prefer that design, or because
             | protecting the price of their house is so essential to
             | their long term financial stability that they'll block
             | literally any policy, no matter how good, if it threatens
             | their house price?
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | > They're illegal because people vote for representatives
             | who makes them illegal
             | 
             | Yes, but that's not because nobody wants to live in them.
             | It's because a loud subsection of the people that already
             | own single-family homes there don't want them built.
             | 
             | You seem to recognize this. That's different from saying
             | "Americans don't want to live in this sort of housing".
        
               | 542458 wrote:
               | Ah sorry! That's fair - I understand what you're saying
               | now. That said, I'd argue that this is a bit of people
               | wanting their cake and to eat it too. They want a
               | contradiction - to be close to everything (so they can
               | walk places and be in the middle of the action), but also
               | far away from it (so they have privacy and room). So -
               | It's true to say that people want density, but also true
               | to say they don't.
        
             | xorfish wrote:
             | It will become a necessity in a few decades.
             | 
             | Single family homes that are up to code don't bring in
             | enough tax revenue to pay for the infrastructure that is
             | necessary to suport them.
             | 
             | Same thing goes for strip mals.
             | 
             | You can try to run a deficit forever, it is just a really
             | bad idea.
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_SXXTBypIg&list=PLJp5q-R0l
             | Z...
        
             | imgabe wrote:
             | The people who show up to city council meetings and pay
             | attention to local politics are a tiny minority. It is not
             | a stretch to believe that they do not represent what most
             | people want.
        
           | whalabi wrote:
           | Wait why is it illegal to build dense walkable
           | neighbourhoods? Which laws?
        
             | cheriot wrote:
             | At a high level:
             | 
             | 1. Zoning prevents density, which precludes having enough
             | foot traffic for neighborhood stores to exist (if zoning
             | actually allow them).
             | 
             | 2. Parking minimums force things farther apart because so
             | much of each lot is asphalt.
             | 
             | 3. Street design that prioritizes car speed over pedestrian
             | safety.
             | 
             | In the end, it's not safe, pleasant, or practical to walk
             | in suburbs built from the 70s on. These things are a
             | patchwork of local and state law so specifics vary by area.
        
         | jdavis703 wrote:
         | Not all Americans chose to live in the suburbs. Many Americans
         | are finding themselves displaced from cities in to far out
         | areas. This happens because demand to live in cities is causing
         | increased rents.
         | 
         | I know there are people happily living in suburbia by choice.
         | But there are also many government policies from restrictive
         | zoning to an imbalanced 80:20 highways to transit spending
         | ratio that has profound impacts on how people live.
        
         | ramblenode wrote:
         | > In this case Americans have chosen the suburbs in droves.
         | 
         | They've chosen their preferred option, given the current
         | (meager) options. That doesn't mean people wouldn't choose
         | walkable cities over suburbs---the option of walkable cities
         | just functionally doesn't exist in the US for a middle income
         | family.
         | 
         | And this isn't due to organic demand for suburban
         | neighborhoods, either. In the US, central planning has had a
         | major role in accelerating the development of suburbs. Tax
         | incentives for home ownership were first rolled out during the
         | New Deal, and these especially targeted single family homes.
         | After the war, the dual-use civil-military interstate system
         | was created and highways were subsidized which allowed
         | neighborhood development far from the city center. Auto and
         | petrochemical development were targeted for national security,
         | which acted as a subsidy toward the gasoline-heavy suburban
         | lifestyle. The 1970s energy crisis shifted US foreign policy
         | toward stabilizing petrol prices, which has resulted in various
         | military and CIA operations to that effect (Paul Wolfowitz was
         | talking about securing oil in Iraq before 2nd Bush was even in
         | office). Suburban homes in many cities consume more resources
         | via public roads, water, sewer, electric than they pay in
         | property taxes, but taxes are kept low for political reasons,
         | because that's where voters live.
         | 
         | So there are quite a lot of extra-market forces that have
         | shaped city planning. Now all of this has reached a scale where
         | it is self-sustaining, but that doesn't mean people would have
         | picked this route if the initial conditions were not so
         | favorable.
        
         | afarrell wrote:
         | Yea, you have to ask people "do you like walkable cities enough
         | that you'd be willing to let a for-profit developer build
         | houses and vote for an otherwise-unsavory politician who
         | repealed minimum parking requirements?"
        
         | quicklime wrote:
         | This sort of thinking is how city planning and product design
         | gets stuck in a local optimum.
        
         | bllguo wrote:
         | Agreed. If we truly wanted them we would be willing to give up
         | car ownership, single family homes, and suburban sprawl. I
         | doubt that will ever happen in this hyper-individualistic
         | culture. Hopefully it is uncontroversial by now to say that an
         | enormous swath of American society does not believe in self-
         | sacrifice.
        
           | dorchadas wrote:
           | I would _love_ to give all that up. But until change happens,
           | I _can 't_. It's a chicken-and-egg problem. I believe many
           | would give that up if they could, especially younger people,
           | but there's no option to give it up currently.
        
           | xnyan wrote:
           | I think you are dismissing or not considering a major part of
           | living in a walkable area - the cost of housing at any square
           | footage. I know I did until quite recently.
           | 
           | I really want to live in a walkable city, and would be
           | thrilled not to own a car and live in a smaller space. I'm a
           | remote dev, and as my partner just finished graduate school
           | and is starting their professional career I thought we'd have
           | the perfect opportunity to live the dream and move somewhere
           | where we could use walking/biking as our primary form of
           | transportation.
           | 
           | Turns out, there's a very limited supply of walkable
           | communities in the US and they have a significant premium. We
           | gotta pay off graduate school loans and even with higher
           | salaries, it would be years of additional repayments living
           | in somewhere like Seattle or New York vs a suburb of Raleigh,
           | NC. There are small and more out of the way walkable
           | communities, but not really any with good job prospects.
           | Maybe at some point in the future, but right now I honestly
           | don't think I can afford it.
        
         | kgermino wrote:
         | Those neighborhoods are deeply subsidized. I don't doubt that
         | most Americans would like their exact house (or bigger) in a
         | walkable neighborhood over something that's actually be
         | available in town today, but it's not a purely market driven
         | choice today.
        
         | elihu wrote:
         | A quarter acre is a little over 10,000 square feet, which is
         | what I'd consider a normal-size lot in a normal town. A 5,000
         | square foot lot is smallish, but pretty typical of new
         | construction. I leave near Portland, OR.
         | 
         | One way to have large lots and walkable cities at the same time
         | is just to have smaller cities or towns. People are drawn to
         | large urban areas because that's where the jobs are and that's
         | where the interesting people and things to do are. If we had
         | more towns that were desirable places to live, it would go a
         | long way towards fixing the housing shortages and long commutes
         | and so on that are typical of major cities. (This is easier
         | said than done, though.)
        
         | throw0101a wrote:
         | > _In this case Americans have chosen the [car-centric] suburbs
         | in droves._
         | 
         | What alternative do they have if that is all that is being
         | built?
        
           | cletus wrote:
           | For the record, I'm not defending car-dependent living. I
           | wish there were more walkable options in the US for people to
           | live in (myself included).
           | 
           | But there's an awful lot of copium in these kinds of threads
           | that shallowly blame the lack of choice as to why American
           | life is so car-dependent. Housing markets are extremely good
           | at responding to consumer demand.
           | 
           | Here's a good quantitative data point of people expressing
           | their preferences [1]:
           | 
           | > In 1973, the median new single-family house was just 1,525
           | square feet, according to the US Census Bureau. By 2010, it
           | had grown to 2,169 square feet. And, by 2018, it had bloated
           | to 2,435 square feet. Who in 1973 would have believed that a
           | newly built typical American home would be 60% bigger than
           | theirs in 45 years?
           | 
           | > There's another even more startling factor to take into
           | account. Statista.com claims the average household in 1973
           | comprised 3.01 people, meaning the home offered 507 square
           | feet per person. But by 2018, that household had shrunk to
           | 2.53 people. And each had 962 square feet to stretch out.
           | 
           | Houses have gotten 60% larger while households have gotten
           | 15% smaller in the last 50 years. That didn't happen in spite
           | of consumer demand.
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.hsh.com/homeowner/average-american-home.html
        
             | throw0101a wrote:
             | > _But there 's an awful lot of copium in these kinds of
             | threads that shallowly blame the lack of choice as to why
             | American life is so car-dependent. Housing markets are
             | extremely good at responding to consumer demand._
             | 
             | With-in the limits allowed by zoning policy. I'm not
             | entirely _laissez-faire_ but I think a lot of NIMBYism and
             | just plain old inertial has been baked into by-laws and
             | such.
             | 
             | Certain mandates can do good (tighter building envelopes,
             | better insulation), while other mandates can do bad
             | (minimum lot sizes).
        
             | strix_varius wrote:
             | While this suggests that people want more space in their
             | homes, it doesn't imply that they prefer car-dependent
             | neighborhoods. That would only follow if > 2,000 sq ft
             | precluded walkability.
             | 
             | I paid a large premium to own a home in one of the east
             | coast's walkable areas. Lot sizes here average about 0.15
             | acres, which is over 6,500 (single-story) square feet.
             | Homes have front yards, back yards, off-street parking,
             | gardens, trees, and still easily fit > 2,000 square feet of
             | living space.
             | 
             | The dichotomy of "walkable vs comfortable" is a false one.
             | There's a middle ground between tiny high-rise apartments
             | and sprawling McMansions.
        
             | throw0101a wrote:
             | > _Houses have gotten 60% larger while households have
             | gotten 15% smaller in the last 50 years. That didn 't
             | happen in spite of consumer demand._
             | 
             | Pre-WW2 there were large houses, in walkable and
             | transit/cycle-friendly neighbourhoods, where people also
             | now own cars:
             | 
             | * https://www.google.com/maps/place/150+Westminster+Ave,+To
             | ron...
             | 
             | There were also more modest homes in the same are:
             | 
             | * https://www.google.com/maps/place/50+Geoffrey+St,+Toronto
             | ,+O...
             | 
             | These places now cost quite a lot, but in roughly 1960-90s
             | they were relatively cheap because all the WASPs moved to
             | the suburbs because 'downtown was for immigrants'; this
             | particular neighbourhood was >90% Polish during the time
             | period. Just to the east of this neighbourhood is Little
             | Portugal, and to the west a large Ukraine community used to
             | be concentrated (with a smattering of Lithuanians).
             | 
             | Now that urban living has become fashionable again, it has
             | been gentrified (no more Poles) and the prices are crazy
             | high.
             | 
             | But there's nothing unique about how it was built, and
             | nothing is stopping communities from (e.g.) instituting
             | zoning to mandate higher density (but less than Hong Kong
             | levels):
             | 
             | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streetcar_suburb
        
         | reportingsjr wrote:
         | It's not a hard choice when suburbs have been subsidized like
         | hell for about 70 years while money has been drained out of
         | cities to pay for said suburbs. Here in Ohio there is this
         | garbage designation for "rural farming areas" called townships
         | that get huge infrastructures subsidies/grants, even though
         | they are all just suburbs/exurbs.
         | 
         | Look at any of the areas around Cincinnati, Columbus, or
         | Cleveland and check out how many of them have township in their
         | name. It's pretty incredible and absolutely disgustingly
         | dishonest.
        
           | Rapzid wrote:
           | Drained out of the cities? Nearly all of Texas is what most
           | people would consider "suburb". Even the "urban" areas are
           | mostly sprawl. Very little of Texas is walkable by any
           | stretch.
        
             | reportingsjr wrote:
             | Yes, a significant amount of tax dollars come from cities
             | and are funneled to suburbs/exurba via "grants" and other
             | subsidized funding methods, which urban areas don't get the
             | benefit of receiving.
        
             | whalabi wrote:
             | Out of curiosity, is Austin an exception?
        
               | freeone3000 wrote:
               | Austin is a giant suburban sprawl that's better than most
               | Texan cities because it has a reasonable bus line. It's
               | all low density, all of it, with massive parking lots
               | everywhere.
        
         | hardwaregeek wrote:
         | Framing it as user choice ignores a lot of history and
         | politics. Long Island, for instance, became suburban largely
         | due to Robert Moses' starvation of public transportation and
         | his prioritization of cars. Because Long Island lacked any sort
         | of industry of its own, most inhabitants commuted into New York
         | City. Because Moses built massive highways without reserving
         | any right of way for a train, most of these inhabitants drove
         | into cities. Because they drove cars, they would naturally
         | prioritize living in spaces where they could have a garage,
         | i.e. a suburb. As more people drove, the trains lost revenue,
         | ran less frequently and lost more customers. If fast trains had
         | been built to and from Long Island, it's not unbelievable to
         | imagine it'd have become as dense as New York.
         | 
         | Or take the white flight. A lot of movement to suburbs was
         | predicated on fear of minorities and urban crime.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | hanniabu wrote:
         | Many choose suburbs because there aren't walkable cities as an
         | option
        
           | notJim wrote:
           | And because the walkable cities have been made unaffordable
           | by those insisting that no one wants to live in such a place.
        
           | brandonmenc wrote:
           | I have _never_ met anyone who lives in the suburbs because
           | "the city wasn't walkable."
           | 
           | It is _always_ because they want a larger house, more land,
           | and no shared walls.
        
             | hanniabu wrote:
             | If you live in a truly walkable city you don't need a yard
             | because there's parks. You also don't feel crammed because
             | it's walkable and spend time walking around as opposed to a
             | small yard or no yard where your options are to be inside
             | or drive somewhere. And you don't need a larger house if
             | there's a more appealing outside. Ayooooo these issues go
             | away for most people when you introduce real walkable
             | cities
        
               | brandonmenc wrote:
               | > you don't need a yard because there's parks
               | 
               | Americans want their own private spaces and that
               | preference is not going to change, especially when there
               | is so much land available.
               | 
               | > you don't need a larger house if there's a more
               | appealing outside
               | 
               | The outside is intolerable at best, if not outright
               | dangerous for up to half of the year in much of the US.
               | imo, our attitudes about walkability are due in large
               | part to not having a mild climate like Europe.
        
         | antb123 wrote:
         | I agree - but the answer may lie in extensive bike "Roads" for
         | walkers and bikers.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | chapium wrote:
         | Americans choose suburbs in droves because the schools are more
         | well funded. Most agree that this tradeoff gets the a far worse
         | commute than if they lived in the city. I have many coworkers
         | who commute 2 hours a day for their glorious backyards? No,
         | there are other economic factors driving the decision, but the
         | joy of having a lawn to maintain and living on a highway 4
         | hours a day are not among them.
        
       | haolez wrote:
       | I've been to a few cities in the US (I'm a foreigner), like
       | Denver and Atlanta, and they are very pedestrian hostile. Almost
       | no sidewalks, every street looks like a roadway (large) and every
       | shop seems to belong to these islands where you can park your car
       | and do your stuff. Not saying this is good or bad, but it's very
       | different from every other country that I've came across. An
       | exception in the US would be Las Vegas.
        
         | chronofar wrote:
         | In both cities you will find new developments in the city that
         | are imminently walkable and highly desirable (more expensive
         | than other parts). I think these cities are actually great
         | examples of the shifting preferences indicated here. They were
         | built to sprawl, but are finding large success when they
         | improve pedestrian infrastructure.
        
       | beardyw wrote:
       | On one of my relatively few visits to America, from my hotel room
       | I could see the zoo less than half a mile away. In reception I
       | asked the best route to walk there. There was a stunned silence
       | and outright puzzlement, as if I had asked what trains I needed
       | to catch to get to Patagonia[1]. No one was even certain it was
       | possible.
       | 
       | In the end I worked it out OK, only having to wait at a level
       | crossing for a seemingly infinitely long freight train to pass.
       | The zoo had more food outlets than animals, but that's another
       | story.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Old_Patagonian_Express
       | (recommended)
        
         | GordonS wrote:
         | Hah, I had a really similar thing happen the first time I went
         | to the US, something like 10-15 years back in Houston!
         | 
         | The office was only a mile or 2 from the hotel, so I thought
         | I'd walk. On my way out, the receptionist asked where I was
         | going and if I'd like her to call a cab. I replied that I was
         | going to walk to somewhere close by, and her eyes just about
         | popped out of her head - "you can't do that, it's far too
         | dangerous to walk!".
         | 
         | I walked anyway of course, looking out for anything even
         | tenuously dangerous, and found nothing. It was most puzzling! I
         | later conferred with local colleagues in the office, who
         | reiterated what the receptionist had said - nobody walks
         | anywhere!
         | 
         | Coincidently, one morning I too met an enormous freight train
         | at a level crossing - it was actually pretty amazing waiting
         | multiple minutes for such an incredibly long train to pass!
        
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