[HN Gopher] Tunnels are our Transportation Future
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       Tunnels are our Transportation Future
        
       Author : freewilly1040
       Score  : 19 points
       Date   : 2021-08-03 21:25 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (austinvernon.eth.link)
 (TXT) w3m dump (austinvernon.eth.link)
        
       | samstave wrote:
       | One of the things I wish we had done in earnest was focus on
       | tunneling more for the last century - specifically for power
       | infra-distribution.
       | 
       | If we had put the effort into trenching/tunneling for power dist
       | - we would have saved quite a lot on fires and problems caused by
       | downed powerlines. Fires, etc...
       | 
       | Further, power lines are FN Ugly.
       | 
       | We could have had specialized machines that dig a trench,
       | lay/build conduit/tunnel hosings and then them up at the same
       | time.
       | 
       | Also, if you look at how well Singapore has done in building
       | 'down' -- they have massive underground causeways, malls etc -
       | and its a shame that we are too shortsighted in our cities to
       | give up such a HUGE % of the wonderful surface of the earth for
       | things like cars and power distribution.
       | 
       | Every single building built should have underground parking and
       | access. Cars, in dense urban environments should be relegated to
       | subterranean transit only.
        
         | majormajor wrote:
         | New development generally does this, as far as I've seen and
         | read. https://www.sparkenergy.com/why-dont-more-communities-
         | bury-p...
         | 
         | Retrofitting is much more expensive than original construction,
         | though, so older US cities and developments are at a big
         | disadvantage. So somewhere in-demand but older like California
         | coastal cities give you the delightful result of paying more
         | for crappier buildings and infra - because you're paying for
         | the location, not the condition of the infra.
        
       | majormajor wrote:
       | Tunnels full of low-occupancy cars as a commuter alternative? I
       | don't see much of anything in here about
       | accidents/safety/emergency response. All of those things seem
       | much harder in a "bunch of Model 3s in a tunnel doing point-to-
       | point travel" world than in a Subway world, while also more
       | likely to be needed, because you've got so many more vehicles
       | sharing the space. Seems like a very important not-considered
       | expense.
       | 
       | "The cost of loop stations is so cheap that you can place them
       | next to any number of desirable locations."
       | 
       | This also feels wildly handwavey. You need a LOT of them if you
       | want this to be a viable point to point network vs just a higher-
       | risk way to build a subway. With individual vehicles going to
       | individual stations at user request, too, we seem to have brought
       | in "full autonomous driving" as a prereq.
        
         | NonContro wrote:
         | Tunnels are simpler when you remove fossil-fuel exhausts and
         | human drivers from the equation, ie. Teslas with FSD only.
         | 
         | You don't need as much ventilation since there are no products
         | of combustion to exhaust, and the risk of crashes from human
         | error are eliminated. Presumably the car software and the
         | tunnels themselves can also be designed in a way where the risk
         | of crash is near-zero.
        
           | midasuni wrote:
           | Just like software never crashes?
        
             | NonContro wrote:
             | I'm not aware of any examples where car software 'crashed',
             | in any vehicle, causing the vehicle itself to physically
             | crash.
             | 
             | And if you're talking about FSD, most of those instances
             | are from exceptions eg. unexpected pedestrian, parked
             | truck, construction works.
             | 
             | Its fair to imagine that these tunnels will be custom-built
             | for self-driving cars and will be totally controlled
             | environments.
        
               | Jtsummers wrote:
               | It's just a matter of time as systems become more
               | dependent on it.
        
           | calaphos wrote:
           | One could even eliminate the heavy and potential dangerous
           | battery with some sort of overhead wire or rail contact. And
           | since the cars can only move in one direction within a
           | tunnel, one could eliminate the need for steering by placing
           | them on a set of rails. And maybe use some sort of automatic
           | control system to make sure the train stops when needed.
           | Wait..
        
             | bserge wrote:
             | Just make sure to update your rail cars once in a while so
             | you don't end up with old pieces of shit that lose power
             | every few km and give you tinnitus when traveling
             | underground. Like some German cities.
        
       | neolog wrote:
       | "Source: energy.gov"? Are you trying to keep readers from
       | checking your work? Use hyperlinks.
        
       | initplus wrote:
       | It's tiring seeing so many people imagining solutions to
       | transport that look like "Cars, but...". Cars are large and cause
       | congestion, even if you make them autonomous. They need to be
       | stored when not in use, which requires turning over more and more
       | inner city land to vehicle use. And it becomes a self fulfilling
       | prophecy: the more space you allocate to large carparks and
       | multilane roads, the more spread out your city becomes and the
       | any alternatives become less viable.
       | 
       | But instead this subject got 1 tiny paragraph near the end, in
       | which this viewpoint "a form of degrowth".
       | 
       | "We can build more batteries, more cars, and more tunnels. And
       | humans will be better off for it."
       | 
       | Honestly I just disagree with this take so much... I'm very far
       | from a strident environmentalist but it should be obvious that
       | this isn't the way forward.
        
         | majormajor wrote:
         | Cars give you point to point, personal space, and climate
         | control. Even in cities with lots of trains like Beijing or
         | Tokyo, the commute is not a fun experience - I got tired of it
         | within just a handful of business trips.
         | 
         | Walking can give you point to point, with more personal space
         | than the frequent crush of a train or bus, but I don't think
         | it's realistic to expect people to want to live in cities small
         | enough that "always have a walkable commute" is a realistic
         | goal.
         | 
         | Electric bikes/scooters/skateboards/etc seem like the best
         | option in coastal California, but are a harder sell in places
         | that get extreme weather. And have some issues compared to a
         | car for the less able or more fragile.
         | 
         | Self-driving cars make congestion and usage probably _worse_ ,
         | in my expectation, because you've eliminated one of the big
         | downsides of cars, so I expect more demand for them compared to
         | buses and trains.
         | 
         | Environmentally, the more realistic win - short of strict laws
         | that basically just force people to not go with their first
         | choice - honestly seems like just figuring out remote work.
         | Reduce how often people have to travel across town at all.
         | (That, and I'm not convinced that moving away for "perpetual
         | growth forever" is such a bad thing.)
        
       | rootusrootus wrote:
       | I guess I am unsurprised that this started out as an interesting
       | read and then evolved into a full-on advertisement for Elon Musk
       | companies.
        
       | PatentlyDC123 wrote:
       | I don't think the "right of way" for tunnels is as simple and
       | easy as the author claims. Many land rights include the soil
       | beneath the land. While tunnels could be built below existing
       | Federal and State owned land, many of the problems outlined for
       | railroads by the author would happen again with acquiring the
       | land required for tunnels.
       | 
       | Many of the other points in the article seem glossed over and
       | error prone as well (e.g., simplifying the comparison between
       | trains and trucks efficiencies to a rolling resistance
       | coefficient and ignoring the discrepancies in weight of the
       | vehicle an all other efficiency factors).
        
       | skanga wrote:
       | When mankind started burning Gasoline they never contemplated
       | that burning fossil fuels would damage the atmosphere and lead to
       | runaway warming ...
       | 
       | It's the law of UNINTENDED consequences.
       | 
       | This seems like it could be even WORSE. I fear damage to the
       | earth in unknown ways. Let's NOT make more tunnels ...
        
       | lonnydonovan wrote:
       | Is it plausible to build a tunnel from China to the US through
       | the ocean? Just a wild idea.
        
         | Someone wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic_tunnel: _"The main
         | barriers to constructing such a tunnel are cost first estimated
         | $88-175 billion, now updated to $1 trillion-20 trillion, as
         | well as limits of current materials science."_
         | 
         | China-USA would be a bit longer and go through the ring of fire
         | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_of_Fire), making it a
         | bigger challenge to build.
         | 
         | I would guess a bare tunnel itself is less of a challenge than
         | its ventilation (even if you build a parallel tunnel tube for
         | ventilation, pumping it out over thousands of kilometers will
         | be challenging. The alternative would be to build ventilation
         | towers every x km) and safety (how long will it take to get an
         | ambulance to a traffic accident? To get people out?)
        
           | samstave wrote:
           | A semi-bouyant tunnel that sits ~100 meters below the surface
           | with anchors to the floor and floats above might be ideal.
           | Imagine if it was a conveyance even for just "packets" (cargo
           | conatiners that are shot through the tunnel, no humans...)
        
           | noahtallen wrote:
           | The next downside is whether anyone would use such a tunnel,
           | given that plane travel would be much quicker, probably
           | safer, maybe cheaper (tolls on such a tunnel plus gas would
           | be quite expensive), and possibly more enjoyable (better
           | views in a plane, it'd probably be depressing and
           | claustrophobic being down under for so long)
        
       | johnnyApplePRNG wrote:
       | My favourite (physics) teacher in high school once told us that
       | "you can get anywhere on this planet in 44 minutes".
       | 
       | The caveat being that you need to drill straight through the
       | earth to get there and jump inside.
        
       | jonstewart wrote:
       | Dedicated bus lanes are our transportation future. The capital
       | expense and engineering are minimal (but not nothing), the
       | capacity improvement is vast, and route to zero emissions clear
       | (electric buses).
       | 
       | Taking the bus on a dedicated lane is a thing of beauty.
        
         | megaman821 wrote:
         | Most cities are not dense enough to support commuter trains or
         | subways. Building them where they are not appropriate will
         | ensure citizens will have to pay decades bailouts to keep them
         | running.
         | 
         | Dedicated bus lanes in downtown areas and variable-rate tolls
         | on highways. The tolls would probably pay for the entire build-
         | out in a couple of years.
        
         | stoolpigeon wrote:
         | I just spent a week in Chicago - and the lack of a bus lane
         | made buses our last choice. Traffic is terrible so bus travel
         | is egregiously slow compared to the metro or trains. I'm used
         | to Budapest where a bus is a great way to beat traffic.
        
           | jonstewart wrote:
           | A lot of US mass transit systems have developed existential
           | problems due to decades of poor maintenance and under-
           | investment. As a result they'll take years and billions to
           | get into a state of good repair. Bus lanes are a great way to
           | expand capacity while that happens.
        
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       (page generated 2021-08-06 23:01 UTC)