[HN Gopher] Infrastructure bill cryptocurrency surveillance prov...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Infrastructure bill cryptocurrency surveillance provision is a
       privacy disaster
        
       Author : abecedarius
       Score  : 378 points
       Date   : 2021-08-03 02:51 UTC (20 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.eff.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.eff.org)
        
       | bob33212 wrote:
       | I don't know why the crypto people expected anything else. They
       | though that the government would just say:
       | 
       | "Well since you have this cool new anonymous database technology
       | we will just let you make billions of dollars and not tax it"
       | 
       | Even more ridiculous is that 3rd world countries with sketchy
       | governments are going to let their citizens move their money in
       | and out of crypto.
        
         | jl2718 wrote:
         | Not a lot of people are actually making money. That would
         | require conversion back to fiat. Nor are they buying goods and
         | services. Basically they're just getting taxed on worthless
         | trades between fake assets.
         | 
         | The price goes up when money comes in. It goes down when money
         | goes out. It's up because people are losing money, not gaining
         | it. This is tautological.
        
       | jl2718 wrote:
       | I didn't read the bill, but here is the summary: "We're going to
       | use violence against non-violence."
        
       | CryptoPunk wrote:
       | Another problem is making "digital asset" the object of the
       | regulatory restriction, which is so vague that it could include
       | not only anything on the blockchain, but plenty of non-monetary
       | digital items outside the blockchain too.
       | 
       | It should specify digital currencies, because that is the only
       | type of digital asset for which you find comparable regulations
       | in the financial sector.
        
         | jl2718 wrote:
         | Then they'd have to define it as currency and they can't tax
         | purchases made with currency.
        
       | user-the-name wrote:
       | Good! The sooner cryptocurrencies die, the better. The damage
       | they are doing to society right now is immense, and it will only
       | grow larger if they are not stopped.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | dogman144 wrote:
       | If this passes, which I think it will in some form, I believe the
       | main impact will be a long-ish period of doublespeak between
       | policy language and ability to enforce, eventually resolving in
       | the end of the policy. This sounds so similar to the crypto
       | (encryption) wars in the 90's: a general sense, but not actual
       | understanding of how <cryptocurrencies/consumer encryption>
       | actually works, but a desire to regulate it because the new tech
       | fundamentally upends current approaches to the privacy and
       | freedom of access to <spending/communications> in a digital
       | forum.
       | 
       | Overall, I've been cautiously optimistic on how a regulatory
       | situation like this would go, once it actually launched, after
       | hearing politicians like Sen Warner/Wyden talk about tech the
       | last few years. However, I suppose the industry should have seen
       | this coming after the recent Sen Warren "shadowy coders" comment
       | about bitcoin core, and similar pushes from the UST across two
       | admins.
       | 
       | The crux:
       | 
       | > "responsible for and regularly providing any service
       | effectuating transfers of digital assets"
       | 
       | KYC for all these entities, which almost sounds like it could
       | include home routers, is technically impossible. Similarly to
       | banning exports of a math proof (the crypto wars). USBs also
       | enable transfer of digital assets. So do printers, if you go full
       | cold wallet. Will USBs, home routers, and printers that I buy on
       | amazon require my KYC/AML?
       | 
       | I say that not to highlight how nonsensical this law is, but to
       | highlight that this won't be enforceable. If they do try to
       | enforce it, I bet it will be as an umbrella authorization to go
       | after the miners, and.... we'll see what happens to crypto, as
       | that's a dangerous threat to hashpower. If crypto survives a
       | situation like that though in the short term, my sense is the
       | regulation would drop away in the mid term, similar to the
       | encryption regs in the 90s.
        
         | dcolkitt wrote:
         | This is my sense as well. Congress will pass overly broad
         | language, then the actual regulators who actually have to put
         | in place will be like " _what the fuck? how do we even conform
         | to this?_ ". Regulators will most likely issue exemptions year-
         | after-year and basically say " _we 're not going to enforce
         | this year, but next year you guys really better have your stuff
         | in line_"
         | 
         | This is almost exactly how the individual health insurance
         | mandate worked in the ACA. Ten years later, it's never been
         | enforced a single time. It just gets waived, year after year.
        
           | dragonwriter wrote:
           | > This is almost exactly how the individual health insurance
           | mandate worked in the ACA. Ten years later, it's never been
           | enforced a single time. It just gets waived, year after year.
           | 
           | That is incorrect; it was in place and the shared
           | responsibility penalty applied on taxes if the mandate was
           | not adhered to from when it became effective in 2014 through
           | 2018, but not after that because it was repealed by the Tax
           | Cut and Jobs Act. It was _never_ "waived".
        
         | GoblinSlayer wrote:
         | It can be a justification for addition of backdoors. If
         | backdoors don't help, it's okay, they can be used for other
         | purposes.
        
         | jcranmer wrote:
         | > Will USBs, home routers, and printers that I buy on amazon
         | require my KYC/AML?
         | 
         | Of course not. Those are _products_ not _services_.
         | 
         | Let's break down the statement in detail:
         | 
         | > digital assets
         | 
         | This is something I'd expect to be defined in the definitions
         | section of the act. Even if it's not, the most reasonable
         | interpretation is going to be something along the lines of any
         | digital product whose ownership can be traded for material
         | value gain, which would include cryptocurrencies, NFTs, and
         | possibly MMO virtual currencies. There's definitely a lot of
         | gray area in defining digital assets, but pretending that word
         | documents and the like are digital assets is intentionally
         | misreading the law.
         | 
         | > effectuating transfers
         | 
         | The plain definition of "effectuate" is "to bring about" or
         | some other variation that specifically implies a causal link.
         | To effectuate something requires that the agent itself is
         | _causing_ it to happen. Mere incidental participation wouldn 't
         | be sufficient. If I tell someone to take $1000 out of my ATM in
         | cash and send it to somebody else in the mail, the person who
         | is following my instructions is effectuating the transaction;
         | the post office is not.
         | 
         | > providing any service
         | 
         | As mentioned above, we are specifically restricting this only
         | to entities that are providing services, not products. So
         | people whose roles are limited to providing products (such as
         | software developers) are not affected by this rule.
         | 
         | > responsible for and regularly providing
         | 
         | And said services have to be provided on more than a one-off
         | basis. So even the example I gave earlier of ordering someone
         | to move money around wouldn't qualify; the person basically has
         | to be willing to do this on an ongoing purpose, essentially as
         | their business model, for this provision to kick in.
         | 
         | In other words, the people who are affected by this are going
         | to be those who are offering banking-like services for digital
         | assets (e.g., cryptocurrencies, NFTs, WoW gold). Pedestrian
         | things like routers and USBs are completely unaffected. The
         | assertion of a sibling comment that software developers are
         | potentially at risk is equally asinine. The people who are
         | affected are the cryptocurrency exchanges, probably services
         | like cryptocurrency tumblers, possibly miners or companies that
         | operate MMOs.
        
           | dogman144 wrote:
           | It sounds like you have a much better handle on the law's
           | terminology in application than the industry groups and legal
           | /regulatory teams do, which is good.
        
           | nybble41 wrote:
           | > So people whose roles are limited to providing products
           | (such as software developers) are not affected by this rule.
           | 
           | If you can classify software development as providing a
           | product and not a service then miners can certainly make the
           | same argument regarding the data they produce. More easily,
           | in fact, since they have no particular business relationship
           | with the entities blindly submitting transactions to the
           | network. Software developers are routinely involved in
           | maintenance and support contracts, or producing new software
           | to spec, which is more of a service than a product.
           | 
           | The exchanges will be covered, of course, but they're so
           | buried in onerous KYC/AML requirements already that they may
           | not notice any difference.
        
           | donmcronald wrote:
           | Things like ENS/HNS domains will be some of that grey area
           | for assets IMO. Right now I think a normal domain is a bit of
           | a grey area (asset vs expense), but at least there's no
           | reporting requirement for them.
           | 
           | Will my (hypothetical) .eth domain be considered a digital
           | asset?
        
       | lvs wrote:
       | This is unenforceable. Some of the relevant open source projects
       | are being developed by contributors based outside the US who have
       | no possibility of knowing whether the address receiving coins in
       | a transaction is controlled by someone based in the US. It's not
       | even possible within the design of bitcoin and related
       | cryptocurrencies for developers to add such tracking provisions,
       | since the generation of an address is algorithmic and can be done
       | with pen and paper. If indeed the law is as the EFF describes it,
       | it must have been written by someone with zero technical
       | knowledge about cryptocurrency. This is not a viable regulatory
       | approach. The implementation is not cognizable -- and therefore
       | is not enforceable.
        
         | KingOfCoders wrote:
         | Then these open source developers should be careful to attend
         | conferences in the US.
        
           | trasz wrote:
           | Except that US bullies other countries to persecute people
           | who ignore US sanctions.
        
       | onelastjob wrote:
       | I agree that this provision is a disaster and will force a lot of
       | cryptocurrency startups to incorporate outside of the US and also
       | not offer their services to US customers. It's a real shame. The
       | government should be able to get enough data for tax compliance
       | just by making fiat on-ramps and off-ramps (aka exchanges)
       | implement KYC (know your customer) rules.
        
         | jl2718 wrote:
         | The data is fully open already. They can't be this stupid.
        
         | BLKNSLVR wrote:
         | > making fiat on-ramps and off-ramps (aka exchanges) implement
         | KYC (know your customer) rules.
         | 
         | That's already the case for most exchanges, and they also log
         | trades and provide these logs to both individuals and taxation
         | entities for EoY tax reporting purposes. The "problem" is that
         | once you've converted fiat into crypto, you can use
         | decentralized exchanges, and trade back and forth ad infinitum
         | with no traceability. This is a problem because every single
         | trade (crypto to crypto) is considered a taxable event, and on
         | a decentralized exchange or centralized exchange that doesn't
         | do KYC, there are no tax-specific records and therefore such
         | transactions are unlikely to be recorded.
         | 
         | Many people bemoan that it would be fairer and easier to just
         | apply tax at the time crypto is converted into, and then out
         | of, fiat. But a lot of profit can be earnt by the individual in
         | between those on- and off-ramps, including the potential for
         | profits to go, pardon the pun, into the ether, never to be seen
         | again (by the government at least).
         | 
         | The crypto die-hards are also moving towards the lack of
         | necessity to cash out to fiat, which would render the off-ramp
         | taxation less effective. This may be why there's a specific
         | focus on stable coins, as they eschew the need for converting
         | back to fiat.
        
           | shanebrunette wrote:
           | I am the founder of CryptoTaxCalculator.io and I am not sure
           | where the idea of non traceability on DEXs comes from.
           | Aggregating the transaction history is absolutely possible,
           | all we need is the public wallet address. The real black box
           | is around certain international exchanges that don't keep
           | appropriate transaction records.
        
             | BLKNSLVR wrote:
             | You're right, yes. I was attempting to point out that with
             | a DEX there is no way to enforce record keeping or KYC, and
             | so if someone is determined to avoid tax, then DEXs won't /
             | can't report back to a tax authority.
             | 
             | Australian exchanges, as far as I've gathered, proactively
             | send transaction details to the tax office, or are
             | compelled to do so upon tax office request.
             | 
             | When it comes to public wallet addresses, it becomes up to
             | the individual to voluntarily declare their ownership -
             | such is my understanding.
             | 
             | I will defer to your knowledge and / or expertise if you
             | disagree with my understanding, you need to know this stuff
             | inside out - congrats on founding, and here's to a big
             | future for crypto, you're well placed.
        
               | DennisP wrote:
               | If you bought crypto on a regulated exchange like
               | Coinbase, which does KYC, then it's pretty easy for the
               | government to find out that it was you who funded the
               | address. After that everything's an open book.
               | 
               | Theoretically you could claim that you were paying some
               | other person, but then you'd have to explain what you
               | paid for. And if you ever cash out your crypto to fiat,
               | you'll have a lot more explaining to do.
               | 
               | Privacy technologies would obscure the on-chain
               | transactions but still not help with the basic problem.
        
               | onelastjob wrote:
               | Yes, exactly this. As long as the fiat on-ramps and off-
               | ramps are KYC'ed everything that happens in between is an
               | open book. The individual can just use cryptocurrency tax
               | reporting software to provide a trade history for their
               | taxes, and if they don't do that then the IRS can easily
               | track all of their transactions since the IRS will know
               | what addresses they are sending to from exchanges.
               | There's no need for every DEX (or other service) along
               | the way to KYC their users.
        
         | orwin wrote:
         | > will force a lot of cryptocurrency startups to incorporate
         | outside of the US and also not offer their services to US
         | customers
         | 
         | Sad for rug pullers, US are the primary market for FOMO
         | altcoins.
        
       | pavlov wrote:
       | The downsides listed are just cryptocurrency lobbyist talking
       | points.
       | 
       |  _"Require new surveillance of everyday users of
       | cryptocurrency;"_
       | 
       | What everyday users? There's nothing you can do with this stuff
       | except speculate, gamble and build obfuscated Ponzis.
       | 
       |  _"Force software creators and others who do not custody
       | cryptocurrency for their users to implement cumbersome
       | surveillance systems or stop offering services in the United
       | States;"_
       | 
       | Not offering these services seems like a positive outcome.
       | 
       |  _"Create more honeypots of private information about
       | cryptocurrency users that could attract malicious actors;"_
       | 
       | Losing your money to malicious actors is a standard part of the
       | crypto experience already. Endless scams and ransomware don't
       | seem to worry the author.
       | 
       |  _"Create more legal complexity to developing blockchain projects
       | or verifying transactions in the United States--likely leading to
       | more innovation moving overseas."_
       | 
       | Ah, blockchain innovation, which is somehow so vital to the
       | shining future of mankind, yet has utterly failed to produce
       | anything of technological or economic value with the billions
       | already invested. Overseas sounds like a fine place to continue
       | this pseudoinnovation charade.
        
         | nprz wrote:
         | Bitcoin is a technology that improves individual freedoms. No
         | institution can prevent you from holding or transferring
         | bitcoin. When you buy a bitcoin you can remain confident there
         | will never be more than 21 million btc minted, btc will never
         | become diluted.
         | 
         | Claiming the BTC protocol is without utility is completely
         | disingenuous.
        
           | acdha wrote:
           | > Bitcoin is a technology that improves individual freedoms.
           | No institution can prevent you from holding or transferring
           | bitcoin.
           | 
           | This is a common sales pitch but it's relying on the listener
           | not thinking about the problem. Any government can prevent
           | you from using Bitcoin by blocking your transactions: every
           | transaction requires a network exchange and the same
           | infrastructure which is used for things like the Great
           | Firewall can trivially stop that as well.
           | 
           | More importantly, however, that's a hypothetical situation
           | for most people here. The realistic threats to think about
           | stem from the difference between you being able to _make_ a
           | transaction and not have any consequences for doing so.
           | Bitcoin requires you to publish a full log of your
           | transactions for your government to see -- if you don't
           | report transactions, skip paying taxes, or conduct a transfer
           | with someone on a blacklist, they can use the public ledger
           | as a signed confession.
           | 
           | Every transaction you make can be used to deanonymize you,
           | and that sharply limits the use of Bitcoin because there's no
           | demand for random numbers -- only real things you can do with
           | them, which require physical presences which governments
           | control. If your goal is to transfer money and flee the
           | country, never coming back and writing off any friends or
           | family left behind, Bitcoin might help. If your usage is
           | anything else, you're just counting down until you or someone
           | you interact with has their data compromised.
           | 
           | Now, maybe you've also heard the marketing claims about
           | mixers. Think about that a bit more carefully and you'll also
           | realize the problems which make those unsafe in practice:
           | beyond the expense, you're trusting the mixer operator not to
           | be compromised, simply having any transaction linked to one
           | is evidence that you're doing something illegal, and you have
           | to worry about other users of the service using it for crimes
           | which are serious enough to get more investigation than you
           | personally are worth _and_ proving that you were not
           | knowingly helping those people.
           | 
           | If you were running the secret police somewhere, one of the
           | best things you could do would be set up Bitcoin exchange and
           | mixer services and promote them in your country so you'd have
           | people giving you signed evidence of things you probably
           | weren't even aware of.
        
             | nprz wrote:
             | You say all this, but where are all the thousands of silk
             | road/DNM vendor/ransomware arrests? The gov has the tech to
             | deanonymize these transactions, but fails to make any
             | arrests?
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | >which is used for things like the Great Firewall can
             | trivially stop that as well.
             | 
             | I don't know how effective you think the great firewall is,
             | but it's definitely not effective enough to "trivially
             | stop" 500 bytes of banned data from being transferred.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | It's an always-on network transferring non-trivial
               | amounts of data. Do you really think it's that hard to
               | block port 8333 and a list of known hosts? No, it won't
               | be perfect but if it's not easy to use with standard
               | clients few people are going to deal with it --
               | especially with the knowledge that less than perfect
               | attempts to do so is publishing a clear sign of intent.
               | 
               | For a repressive government, that means that most people
               | will steer clear which makes it easier to filter since
               | you don't have a large volume of innocent traffic
               | complicating analysis and by creating a great mechanism
               | to get people to install spyware by circulating news
               | underground of a great client which is preconfigured to
               | evade the filter.
               | 
               | If this is your threat model, cash is much safer.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >It's an always-on network
               | 
               | you only need to be "on" to make transactions. In the
               | case of sending transactions, you only need to broadcast
               | the transaction itself (500 bytes), with no further
               | traffic needed. The blockchain data is also broadcast via
               | a satellite: https://www.blockstream.com/satellite/
               | 
               | >transferring non-trivial amounts of data
               | 
               | SPV clients require very little traffic, on the order of
               | tens of kilobytes. Full nodes only need to download under
               | 2MB worth every 10 minutes, or 3.33 KB/s. That's _very_
               | easy to sneak under the radar if need be.
               | 
               | >Do you really think it's that hard to block port 8333
               | and a list of known hosts
               | 
               | good thing you can run bitcoin as a tor hidden service.
               | 
               | >If this is your threat model, cash is much safer.
               | 
               | Except you need to be in-person to make transactions.
        
           | goatmeal wrote:
           | a big chunk of the population believes that the government
           | should have a total monopoly over the issuance of currency
           | and they should be able to control every aspect of how it
           | gets accounted for and who should facilitate transactions, in
           | order to prevent crime. these people have a complete
           | disregard for individuals who are treated unfairly by the
           | financial system. when some people are shut out of their
           | access to banking and payment processing despite not doing
           | anything illegal, and when others are unable to do business
           | due to too much administrative overhead imposed by financial
           | regulation, their suffering is excusable because crime is
           | being prevented.
        
         | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
         | > What everyday users? There's nothing you can do with this
         | stuff except speculate, gamble and build obfuscated Ponzis.
         | 
         | Lie. I can receive payments from my foreign customers in a
         | matter of 30 minutes instead of many days via traditional
         | banking services or Draconian fees line PayPal. I can also
         | safely donate to anti-Putin opposition.
        
         | zeofig wrote:
         | Another fantastically ignorant pontification on crypto, right
         | here on Hacker News. Whether you like crypto or not (or whether
         | you know anything about it or not), little of what you said is
         | relevant to the point of the article in question.
        
         | MelonTree wrote:
         | > Ah, blockchain innovation, which is somehow so vital to the
         | shining future of mankind, yet has utterly failed to produce
         | anything of technological or economic value with the billions
         | already invested.
         | 
         | Cryptocurrencies have allowed me to feed my family back home in
         | Lebanon, in a way that would simply not be possible with out
         | it. I'm not sure if you don't think this happens on a daily
         | basis, or is not of economic value.
        
         | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
         | > What everyday users? There's nothing you can do with this
         | stuff except speculate, gamble and build obfuscated Ponzis.
         | 
         | I literally know someone who pays their rent with zcash. It is
         | possible to use it as, y'know, currency.
        
         | dbsmith83 wrote:
         | > Ah, blockchain innovation, which is somehow so vital to the
         | shining future of mankind, yet has utterly failed to produce
         | anything of technological or economic value
         | 
         | Do you know what _economic value_ means? If there was no
         | economic value, then it wouldn 't be used.
         | 
         | Your comment sounds like one that will be hilarious in the not-
         | so-distant future. It's analogous to the whole trope "X
         | technology is useless" or "People will never need more than X
         | amount of memory" type of thing.
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | >has utterly failed to produce anything of technological or
         | economic value with the billions already invested. Overseas
         | sounds like a fine place to continue this pseudoinnovation
         | charade.
         | 
         | One quiet place where blockchain makes sense is shared ledgers
         | between large financial institutions, JPMorgan for example is
         | working a lot on this. It's not about privacy or usurping the
         | social order or whatever imaginative solution to all of
         | society's problems that gets attached to so many other
         | things... it's just a better API between institutions for
         | transferring ownership between themselves, which is a frequent
         | and often awkward (and ancient) tech.
         | 
         | With blockchain you don't need a third party, with big
         | institutions "theft" doesn't make sense. If there is an error
         | and a transaction needs to be reversed it's in everybody's
         | interest to do so and expected to happen from time to time and
         | likely a built in feature.
         | 
         | Simplifying way back end transactions between banks is pretty
         | nice... for banks, but pretty uninteresting to most people
         | because it's just about settling daily balances between
         | institutions and the like which is really boring.
        
           | user-the-name wrote:
           | It's a worse API. In that situation, you have trusted
           | parties. You don't need a blockchain, and the absolutely
           | crippling tradeoffs it brings with it.
        
           | pavlov wrote:
           | This use case wouldn't be affected in any way by the proposed
           | legislation because banks already know their customers.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | > One quiet place where blockchain makes sense is shared
           | ledgers between large financial institutions,
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payment_Services_Directive
           | 
           | Usually refusing to share information or API is a business
           | choice. Besides, once you have a closed group, you just have
           | signed transactions ("permissioned blockchain"), and can
           | (must) ditch proof-of-waste. So it barely resembles what
           | people normally think of as blockchain and starts to look
           | more like signed git commits.
        
         | dannyw wrote:
         | A vague, extraordinarily broad, and difficult to interpret
         | statement is absolutely a disaster.
         | 
         | You might not like cryptocurrency, but this is akin to the
         | infrastructure bill having a provision classifying anyone
         | "responsible for and regularly providing any service
         | effectuating encryption of information" as a munitions-dealer
         | -- with wide downstream implications on (1) open source
         | software, and libraries like OpenSSL, etc, and (2) vague enough
         | to cover pretty much every webmaster who uses TLS certificates.
        
           | pydry wrote:
           | Disaster for whom? If the side effect of this ambiguity is a
           | mass exodus from crypto who loses out apart from speculators
           | and the black market?
           | 
           | I'd feel a lot more sympathetic if crypto uses cases didnt
           | predominantly fall into those two camps (as is the case for
           | cryptography).
        
             | miracle2k wrote:
             | Ambiguous laws are intrinsically harmful, so it is all
             | citizen who lose out, who will be living under a legal
             | regime that keeps on gradually degrading as people forget
             | the principles it was built on.
        
               | CPLX wrote:
               | Here's an example of an ambiguous law:
               | 
               | "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment
               | of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or
               | abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the
               | right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to
               | petition the Government for a redress of grievances."
        
               | nybble41 wrote:
               | The 1st Amendment is extremely clear. The only ones
               | calling it "ambiguous" are those looking to invent
               | exceptions to it out of whole cloth. "What, _' no law'_
               | whatsoever? Clearly the authors and the representatives
               | who passed this amendment couldn't have possibly objected
               | to _my_ reasonable proposals, so there must be some
               | subtle nuance of interpretation at odds with the
               | perfectly plain and unambiguous language. "
        
               | CPLX wrote:
               | If you think the definitions of religion or the press
               | aren't ambiguous I don't know what to tell you, and
               | that's before we get into the exact meaning of the
               | concept of "establishment"
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | pydry wrote:
               | I agree that ambiguous laws are a bad idea in general. I
               | still don't see how _all_ citizens lose out when most are
               | explicitly unaffected though.
        
               | b0tzzzzzzman wrote:
               | First they came for 'taxes' then they came for 'guns' and
               | then they came for anything they wanted.
        
           | the_real_sparky wrote:
           | To be fair, proof of work crypto does impact electric
           | infrastructure, although it's difficult to pin that on the
           | negative or positive side of neutral because the cheapest
           | electric rates possible include provisions for demand
           | response / shut offs. The biggest operations will generally
           | be trying to negotiate the cheapest rate possible, but that's
           | not a given. Proof of work very much affects the generation
           | side (generation costs for all customers, greenhouse gas
           | emissions, etc) in the net negative though. The only
           | exception to this would be on off-grid installations or
           | installations on >100% renewable networks with complete
           | demand response for the crypto and no other alternatives for
           | exporting that power elsewhere. Even then it's creating
           | useless waste heat, but meh. For what it's worth, I've owned
           | Bitcoin and others in the past but now that I've had to deal
           | with the impacts directly in my industry I'm definitely over
           | my infatuation.
        
           | trasz wrote:
           | Developing Open Source software is not "services", unless you
           | have a customer paying for it.
        
             | nybble41 wrote:
             | Plenty of open source projects receive funding for their
             | work. Just running ads on your site to defray hosting
             | expenses can be enough to get you classified as a
             | commercial service these days.
        
           | asah wrote:
           | In case readers don't remember:
           | 
           | https://www.google.com/search?q=encryption+munitions+1990s
           | 
           | And of course the t-shirt:
           | 
           | https://www.google.com/search?q=perl+rsa+munitions+t+shirt
        
         | eingaeKaiy8ujie wrote:
         | You have no fucking idea what you are talking about.
        
           | herendin2 wrote:
           | IMO, you're probably right, but what you've written is even
           | worse than the comment you're replying to. At least the OP
           | tries to argue a point and offer some vague evidence. So
           | please don't do this type of lazy driveby sniping here.
           | Flagged.
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Please don't break the site guidelines like this, no matter
           | how ignorant someone is or you feel they are.
           | 
           | If you know more than someone else, that's great--please
           | share some of what you know, so the rest of us can learn. If
           | you don't want to do that, that's fine, but then please don't
           | post.
           | 
           | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&sor.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
         | whitepaint wrote:
         | > What everyday users? There's nothing you can do with this
         | stuff except speculate, gamble and build obfuscated Ponzis.
         | 
         | ...
         | 
         | https://compound.finance/
         | 
         | https://pooltogether.com/
         | 
         | https://polymarket.com/
         | 
         | https://app.uniswap.org/
         | 
         | https://rarible.com/
         | 
         | https://axieinfinity.com/
         | 
         | ...
         | 
         | Anyone who has access to the internet can use the above (and
         | it's just few examples, more on https://ethereum.org/) without
         | any arbitrary restrictions set by any governments.
         | 
         | How can you look at these things and not be in awe?
         | 
         | And how on earth can somebody be so confident about something
         | yet know so little about it?
        
           | enlyth wrote:
           | The websites you all listed are just vehicles for further
           | speculation and gambling.
           | 
           | Gaining interest on cryptocurrencies by providing liquidity
           | so other people can speculate on cryptocurrencies, prediction
           | markets (literally gambling on cryptocurrencies), NFTs
           | (speculating on infungible cryptocurrency tokens), and some
           | virtual game where you can further speculate on NFTs with a
           | touch of gamification.
           | 
           | Nothing seems to tie into any real world usefulness,
           | everything ties back into itself where the core is always
           | 'will the value of my internet coins go up'.
           | 
           | The only single useful thing cryptocurrencies can do is you
           | can buy drugs from the darkweb, semi-anonymously, or maybe
           | completely if you use something like Monero.
        
             | jondwillis wrote:
             | You _could_ borrow a stablecoin like USDC with collateral
             | on a platform like AAVE, trade the USDC for dollars or
             | another currency that is accepted, and use it to buy a
             | house, car, etc, without anyone 's approval or a bank being
             | involved.
        
               | notJim wrote:
               | What would be the purpose of this with USDC though? Since
               | you have to put in more than the loan amount as
               | collateral, aren't you just paying to access your own
               | money? For non-stablecoins that you don't want to sell,
               | it makes more sense, although it seems risky.
        
               | enlyth wrote:
               | I'm curious because I don't know how this works exactly,
               | how much collateral do you have to put up to borrow
               | something on a decentralized exchange? If it's less than
               | 100%, how is it enforced that I ever return the money,
               | and if it's more, why would I borrow if I already have
               | the money I need? Asking in good faith.
               | 
               | Also if you plan to buy a house, a bank can give you a
               | mortgage over let's say 25 years where information about
               | your identity, income and credit history is used as a
               | risk assessment, and the loan is backed by the whole
               | existing legal system where your home can be repossessed
               | if you fall behind on payments. You can get a LTV ratio
               | of even 95% in some cases.
               | 
               | How would this work in a decentralized way ever? On the
               | other hand, if you already have, let's say 500k in the
               | bank to buy the house outright, why would you involve
               | cryptocurrency in the transaction. The counterparty is
               | going to probably want to receive their money dollars in
               | a bank somewhere, are you sure that a bank is not going
               | to ask any questions when you do your magic conversions
               | to dollars from crypto and try to send someone 500k?
               | 
               | This doesn't integrate into the real world well unless
               | the other person selling wants to receive crypto already
               | and is ready to take upon all the risks themselves that
               | transferring, accepting and holding cryptocurrency
               | entails. At that point you don't need to do the
               | conversion magic anyway.
        
               | almostkorean wrote:
               | It's all over-collateralized loans. So if I want $50k
               | cash to buy a car, I can deposit $100k of ETH to borrow
               | $50k USDC. As ETH price changes, your loan has a "health"
               | score and if it gets below a certain threshold you can
               | get liquidated if you don't start repaying the loan.
               | 
               | The reason for involving crypto in this scenario is so
               | you don't have to sell your crypto assets. This will be
               | more useful going forward as platforms allow users to use
               | NFTs as collateral for example.
        
           | nprz wrote:
           | Because the original commenter is not arguing in good faith.
           | There are countless examples of crypto and bitcoin helping
           | civilians escape tyrannical states, conveniently non were
           | mentioned.
        
             | foepys wrote:
             | I read this all the time but have never seen proof of this.
             | Can somebody please name a few if they are so countless?
        
               | nprz wrote:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLYYh4aPXAM
               | 
               | https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/jul/31/out-
               | of-co...
        
             | bordercases wrote:
             | Well let's see if they help now.
        
             | penultimatename wrote:
             | Countless examples, yet you failed to name a single
             | specific example.
        
               | nprz wrote:
               | https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/jul/31/out-
               | of-co...
        
           | notJim wrote:
           | Most of these things are either likely to be fads (NFTs) or
           | just ways to fuel the speculation and ponzi schemes (compound
           | and uniswap.) Theoretically lending could be used for doing
           | things in the real world I guess, but it seems like once the
           | money is in crypto, it just sloshes around creating more
           | crypto. The betting market is an interesting one, I hadn't
           | seen that. IMO DAOs and DeFi are interesting, but I haven't
           | seen it have a big effect outside of crypto yet.
        
         | aww_dang wrote:
         | Have you considered the possibility that existing regulation is
         | one of the barriers to use of cryptocurrencies?
         | 
         | Is it possible that there are uses for cryptocurrencies you
         | have not iterated over in your comment?
         | 
         | If I suggest that sub-cent microtransactions are a use of
         | cryptocurrency that I find useful and have implemented in a
         | hobby project, I predict the response will be, "but that's not
         | wildly popular, speculation and gambling are widespread!"
         | 
         | I don't accept that these widespread uses justify prohibition
         | or over regulation. Even if we accept that these popular uses
         | are worthy of prohibition, other developers should not be
         | punished or unduly burdened because of the actions of the
         | majority. This brings us back to the first point, if regulatory
         | burdens are too high, individuals won't innovate.
         | 
         | >There's nothing you can do with this stuff except speculate,
         | gamble and build obfuscated Ponzis.
         | 
         | >Not offering these services seems like a positive outcome.
         | 
         | >has utterly failed to produce anything of technological or
         | economic value
         | 
         | This reads as, "Prohibit everything I personally dislike or
         | can't fully appreciate"
         | 
         | >Overseas sounds like a fine place to continue this...
         | 
         | "If you don't like it leave the USA", this ignores the chilling
         | effects the US's regulations have around the globe.
        
           | davidcbc wrote:
           | > Have you considered the possibility that existing
           | regulation is one of the barriers to use of cryptocurrencies?
           | 
           | Cryptocurrency has been largely unregulated since its
           | inception and it's almost exclusively used for speculation
           | and criminal activity. The barrier to use of cryptocurrency
           | is that it provides nothing of value outside of those use
           | cases, not regulation.
        
             | aww_dang wrote:
             | Look at the regulations already imposed on exchanges.
             | Consider the legal and tax liabilities businesses take on
             | by involving themselves with cryptocurrencies. Some nations
             | have outright banned exchange of their national currency
             | for cryptocurrency.
             | 
             | If cryptocurrencies were not burdened by regulations, there
             | wouldn't be the same informal market for person to person,
             | cash to cryptocurrency transactions.
        
         | trophycase wrote:
         | This won't age well
        
       | jasiek wrote:
       | This is how you deal with an existential threat to USD.
        
         | telxos wrote:
         | 3. Tether
         | 
         | 7. USD Coin
         | 
         | 10. Binance USD
         | 
         | Crypto seems rather reliant on USD. The crypto narratives are
         | always so flimsy.
        
           | elevenoh wrote:
           | Projects bringing USD's value - namely globally credible &
           | low-volatility price denomination - into crypto doesn't mean
           | crypto is 'reliant on' USD.
        
         | IfOnlyYouKnew wrote:
         | Ha! I hadn't seen this particular paranoia-mixed-with-
         | delusions-of-grandiosity for a while. In the first year or so
         | of Bitcoin, the community was absolutely obsessed with the idea
         | that "the Fed's" will come for them, to protect the mighty
         | dollar. They were also certain they could withstand such
         | efforts, since their fancy tech operated outside the reaches of
         | the law.
         | 
         | They were wrong on both counts: "the establishment" didn't
         | react with aggressive attempts to shut them down, but really
         | just some mild interest mixed with a bit of amusement.
         | 
         | Only when, after a decade+, it had been proven beyond any doubt
         | that the technology isn't useful for anything anyone cares
         | about, and when it became more salient that the energy usage
         | and the scale of fraud were growing out of control did they
         | start pushing back. And with every single startup in the sector
         | operating within the confines of law and the existing financial
         | markets, there is absolutely no doubt that the law can regulate
         | and/or shut down the industry within any reasonable meaning of
         | the term.
        
           | jl2718 wrote:
           | Yeah, they can but they won't. They'll institutionalize
           | everything you hate so much about the crypto markets today,
           | and force you to invest in it by destroying your savings
           | account, your house, and your 401k. Centralized fake crypto
           | is the next big population-level banking scam.
        
         | trophycase wrote:
         | What? USD is already the dominant stablecoin. The US should be
         | jumping for joy that they will remain the universal fiat even
         | through the blockchain age.
         | 
         | When Uniswap removed a bunch of coins from their front end,
         | guess what they removed? sAUD, sEUR... but not sUSD. Very
         | interesting don't you think?
        
           | cinquemb wrote:
           | > When Uniswap removed a bunch of coins from their front end
           | 
           | I invite everyone to clone/fork (i've removed the google
           | analytics stuff and emptied the black lists and made uniswap-
           | info use the hashrouter):
           | 
           | https://github.com/cinquemb/uniswap-info/ (deployed at
           | https://cinquemb.github.io/uniswap-info)
           | 
           | and
           | 
           | https://github.com/cinquemb/uniswap-interface (deployed at
           | https://cinquemb.github.io/uniswap-interface)
           | 
           | To deploy yourselves you can (on gh, you can also run it
           | locally):
           | 
           | yarn install
           | 
           | yarn build
           | 
           | mkdir dist
           | 
           | cd dist/
           | 
           | cp -R ../build/* .
           | 
           | git add -A
           | 
           | git commit -m "GH pages"
           | 
           | git push -f git@github.com:[your account]/uniswap-info.git
           | master:gh-pages
        
       | bacan wrote:
       | Wait till you guys find out about the FACTA/CRS requirements.
        
       | fredgrott wrote:
       | Let's see:
       | 
       | A Public keychain
       | 
       | IS no the implied definition by itself not privacy based?
       | 
       | I just do not see how more tracking on public info somewhat gives
       | us less privacy when we did not have privacy on public keychain
       | in the first place!
        
       | shiado wrote:
       | Anybody who has followed cryptocurrency in the last year knows
       | that major US financial institutions and hedge funds have become
       | heavily involved. The regulations coming are entirely to do with
       | making the legal burdens of individual custody onerous enough
       | that users place their coins on completely centralized exchanges
       | to manage legal risk, all so these institutions have access to
       | these coins for manipulation purposes like borrowing for
       | shorting. The ONLY regulation you will see is on the average user
       | so they can suck up coins like Daniel Plainview drinking your
       | milkshake, NOT on market manipulation or trading habits of
       | institutions which is the key driver of malicious activity and
       | harm in the cryptocurrency space.
        
         | meowface wrote:
         | >NOT on market manipulation or trading habits of institutions
         | which is the key driver of malicious activity and harm in the
         | cryptocurrency space.
         | 
         | How much evidence is there of major institutions acting
         | maliciously in the cryptocurrency space, and the scale of the
         | impact?
         | 
         | I'm sure there's likely quite a bit of market manipulation from
         | some people or entities who hold a lot of cryptocurrency
         | assets, but as much as I despise finance and financial
         | institutions (of pretty much any kind), I also want to know who
         | to hate even more, if applicable.
         | 
         | (Not asking in a rhetorical or contrarian or skeptical way;
         | genuinely trying to understand who's accused of what and why.
         | And excluding Tether, since we all know the accusations, there,
         | and the comment seems to be directed at major US financial
         | institutions that were huge long before Bitcoin was created, if
         | I understand correctly.)
        
         | ProjectArcturis wrote:
         | There's no need to invoke conspiracy theories about market
         | manipulation. The Senate needed money for this bill, they saw
         | that probably a lot of folks with crypto holdings are evading
         | taxes, and they wrote this provision to make it easier to
         | collect the taxes. It's poorly written, but the clear intent is
         | for companies like Coinbase to have to file 1099s so the
         | government knows who made how much every year, just like they
         | do with conventional stock brokerages.
        
         | dcolkitt wrote:
         | I agree that the end effect will be largely what you suggest:
         | aggregate activity in large institutions at the expense of
         | smaller startups and decentralized protocols. But from talking
         | to people in the space, it seems that most of the large
         | exchanges and hedge funds are vigorously oppose to this law.
         | Bryan Armstrong (the CEO of Coinbase) has repeatedly and
         | publicly criticized the bill.
         | 
         | I'll cite Hanlon's Razor: Never attribute to malice what can be
         | explained by incompetence. I think this is simply the result of
         | what happens when we decide our government should be run by a
         | bunch of octogenarian lawyers, most of whom's tech knowledge
         | ends at their ability to reset their WiFi router. Is it really
         | that surprising that Biden, Schumer, Portman, McConnell,
         | Yellen, Pelosi, etc. have no understanding about how crypto
         | works? They were all born before the charge card was even
         | invented.
        
         | qeternity wrote:
         | > for manipulation purposes like borrowing for shorting
         | 
         | I see this repeated a lot and I'm still not entirely clear why
         | people feel this way. Most major markets in the world have
         | futures/borrow mechanisms, and one of the key reasons is that
         | it allows shorting.
         | 
         | Short selling is a critical element to any healthy market, and
         | we've seen time and time again that markets without well
         | functioning short selling are far more vulnerable than those
         | with (i.e. real estate).
         | 
         | For instance, let's presume that crypto takes off, and business
         | start accepting crypto for contractual obligations. If my
         | future costs are in fiat, but future revenues are in crypto, I
         | have a big mismatch with a very risky asset. A futures market
         | (or shorting) allows me to hedge that risk out and protect
         | myself against future volatility. I can lock in my fiat today,
         | to ensure that I can cover my future costs. Without such a
         | mechanism, I might not be able to risk a collapse in crypto
         | markets.
         | 
         | Mature features (like borrows/futures) in crypto markets should
         | _aid_ in adoption.
        
           | prepend wrote:
           | I think the issue isn't that shorting and other functions
           | exist, but that these aren't carried out by most retail
           | investors. So frequently financial firms will benefit on this
           | functionality using the base accounts of their customers.
           | 
           | So the introduction of this intermediation creates value
           | possibility for large firms away from individuals.
        
             | second--shift wrote:
             | any US resident with a pulse and a SSN can open an account
             | with Interactive Brokers and trade /BTC futures.
             | 
             | Just because they don't doesn't mean they can't.
        
             | qeternity wrote:
             | Shorting is available to pretty much everyone now,
             | especially with Robinhood et al and easy access to options
             | markets (of course most people don't understand vol and
             | probably shouldn't trade options). But it's been easy to
             | short even on the legacy brokers for as long as I can
             | remember (a decade plus).
             | 
             | The issue with shorting is that you have theoretically
             | unlimited downside which means greater risk and familiarity
             | with concepts like margining. That is often outside the
             | grasp of the average retail investor.
        
       | marsven_422 wrote:
       | You all cheered when they silenced orange man bad..what did
       | expect would happen next?
        
       | null0pointer wrote:
       | This particular instance is a disaster, no doubt, but the real
       | issue is the bundling of completely unrelated provisions into
       | single bills. It's absurd.
        
         | Havoc wrote:
         | Not only is it absurd it seems to be a core part of how these
         | bill get negotiated cross party
        
         | acjohnson55 wrote:
         | Welcome to modern American government. We've failed to create a
         | system that allows for small, frequent changes to the law, so
         | now we have giant ones.
        
         | parineum wrote:
         | This is a symptom of a symptom of a symptom.
         | 
         | Congress, essentially, only passes one bill a year now, the
         | budget. That's the case because everything else requires 60
         | votes because of the filibuster rules. Filibuster rules were
         | changed because Obama wanted the affordable care act. Standing
         | in the way of that was the Tea Party, the group of Republicans
         | that don't negotiate.
         | 
         | I'm going to both sides this one because we now have the
         | counterpart to that on the left with the progressives.
         | 
         | There exists a segment of both parties that refuse to negotiate
         | from their ideologies. This makes sure that neither party is
         | capable of passing legislation unless they have a super
         | majority not including that wing of the party.
         | 
         | The infrastructure bill is one of the very few things that can
         | break this because the centrists of both parties do actually
         | like it quite a bit, they just have to dog and pony hating each
         | other before they get it done.
         | 
         | That and war. We can all agree on war.
        
           | legutierr wrote:
           | > Filibuster rules were changed because Obama wanted the
           | affordable care act.
           | 
           | This is not true. No filibuster rules were changed to
           | accommodate the ACA. You might be confused because prt of the
           | ACA was passed under reconciliation, a long-existing
           | exception to the filibuster rules that allows spending and
           | taxation laws to be passed without requiring a supermajority
           | to invoke cloture. Reconciliation has been part of the Senate
           | rules since 1974.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconciliation_(United_States_.
           | ..
        
             | parineum wrote:
             | You're right. I was confusing that with the "nuclear
             | option" for confirming SC judges that happened under Obama
             | as well.
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | > There exists a segment of both parties that refuse to
           | negotiate from their ideologies. This makes sure that neither
           | party is capable of passing legislation unless they have a
           | super majority not including that wing of the party.
           | 
           | And there is a root cause at the bottom of all this
           | dysfunctionality: FPTP voting and gerrymandering that always
           | converges into a two-party system with most districts being
           | "solid red" or "solid blue", leaving only a handful of
           | (highly contested) "swing states/districts" to squabble over.
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | Does it matter if there are X number of parties if you
             | still end up with multitudes of DINOs and RINOs, etc? I
             | will say that the right seems to be ideologically in lock
             | step, with the lower tier members thoroughly whipped by
             | their commanders in the party. In many ways I'm jealous of
             | that efficiency, if only it were aligned to my economic
             | interests.
             | 
             | In the democratic party on the other hand, there is a range
             | of ideologies. It's not the left party, its the centrist to
             | the left party. Joe Manchin is no progressive but he wears
             | the D. This is especially apparent in California state and
             | local politics, where the majority of politicians are
             | democrats but you don't see progress in actual progressive
             | initiatives, like housing or transport or homeless services
             | and mental health treatment initiatives. Most of the
             | democrats in California state and local offices really
             | aren't that progressive, and pander to a base with socially
             | progressive but economically conservative tenancies (the
             | classic NIMBY). For example, it's widely popular to
             | publicly speak out against racism, but if you attempt to do
             | something about it like change the racist zoning ordinances
             | that are still pervasive in your city, you will probably
             | destroy your political career in the process and see
             | yourself replaced by a DINO.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | >Does it matter if there are X number of parties if you
               | still end up with multitudes of DINOs and RINOs, etc?
               | 
               | In Europe, over the last decades our equivalents to the
               | Democrats (mostly, Social Democrat parties) and
               | Republicans (Christian Democrat/centrist parties) shrank
               | in percentages and the political field widened. These
               | days, you have in most countries everything on the
               | spectrum: communist/tankies, democratic socialists,
               | social democrats, christian democrat/centrists, free-
               | market liberals, center-right, nationalist/far-right and
               | (in some countries) outright fascist/neo-Nazi parties for
               | the "mainstream" political orientation plus a host of
               | special-issue parties - most notably Greens which have
               | become mainstream in itself, national ethnic
               | minority/indigenous representation parties, Pirate
               | Parties, pan-european liberals, local voter
               | associations/"Freie Wahler".
               | 
               | And all of these are to some degree viable, with voters
               | flocking to whomever they want to support. Of course,
               | coalition forming can be tedious ( _cough_ Netherlands,
               | Israel), but it is actual representative democracy at
               | work!
        
         | IfOnlyYouKnew wrote:
         | It's a provision intended to raise the funds for infrastructure
         | investments, so it is arguably connected to the bulk of the
         | bill.
         | 
         | Besides, mixing different topics is the only way anything can
         | every be done: If you have a single issue you're fighting over
         | with someone, zero-sum style, the best possible advice is to
         | included something unrelated in the discussion, hoping that
         | your interests differ in such a way that you can make trades
         | beneficial to both parties.
        
         | sumtechguy wrote:
         | To fix would take some interesting work.
         | 
         | My dumb idea is 'must fit on no more than 5 standard sheets of
         | 8x11 piece of paper'. With exceptions to that needing a 75%
         | majority.
         | 
         | My other dumb idea is about 4 people mostly control the vote.
         | Majority/minority leader should be a rotating position. With
         | the name drawn out of a hat.
        
       | lobochrome wrote:
       | Not talking about the specific implementation but the question
       | is: Privacy for whom?
       | 
       | Do we need the ,,innovation" of untraceable money?
       | 
       | For instance, we decided to get rid of untraceable cell phone
       | numbers (at least in Germany you can't get a cell without ID) and
       | - nothing changed for the worse, but arguably some things changed
       | for the better.
       | 
       | Why would we introduce that for money/payment flows?
        
         | CryptoPunk wrote:
         | >>Do we need the ,,innovation" of untraceable money?
         | 
         | Yes. We need untraceable money. Controlling how people use
         | money is tantamount to controlling all of their economic
         | interactions. Surveilling how people use their money means
         | becoming privy to their most intimate interactions. This is
         | mass-surveillance, of everything (because money touches
         | everything), being snuck through the backdoor.
         | 
         | With the transition from physical to digital currencies, we've
         | created surveillance systems the likes of which the world has
         | never seen. The information collection being done on the
         | population is being done by a tiny proportion of the
         | population, and disproportionately benefiting the political
         | elite. Hyper-centralization exacerbates income and power
         | disparities, and I would bet any money it leads to a more
         | fragile social order.
         | 
         | https://twitter.com/SpencerKSchiff/status/125276128577685913...
         | 
         | >>In the last 20 years of available data, real median household
         | income of Washington, D.C.'s residents has increased by 66.11%.
         | For the entire country, the 20-yr increase is only 5.23%. This
         | trend of widening disparity has accelerated dramatically since
         | the Great Recession's onset.
         | 
         | We need the more distributed configuration of power that
         | historically existed, and that can only happen if the privacy
         | that is characteristic of physical currencies is imparted upon
         | digital currencies.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | Untraceable money is far more likely to lead to
           | centralization of power, because it allows the already
           | wealthy to act unaccountably.
           | 
           | >>In the last 20 years of available data, real median
           | household income of Washington, D.C.'s residents has
           | increased by 66.11%. For the entire country, the 20-yr
           | increase is only 5.23%.
           | 
           | With untraceable money you'd never know this. Or you'd have
           | to limit yourself to "declared income", which would be
           | effectively voluntary.
        
             | jl2718 wrote:
             | Where do you think they got that money from in the first
             | place?
        
             | CryptoPunk wrote:
             | >>Untraceable money is far more likely to lead to
             | centralization of power, because it allows the already
             | wealthy to act unaccountably.
             | 
             | How do you keep the people collecting all of this
             | information accountable? Information asymmetries that this
             | kind of mass-surveillance creates ultimately leads to power
             | disparities, and there is no way to police the information
             | collectors to prevent them from profiting off of it.
             | 
             | Just look at the Snowden revelations. He speaks of LOVEINT,
             | where agents would on intimate partners. It was a practice
             | so common it had its own term coined for it. This is just
             | the tip of the iceberg. We have no idea how this
             | information is being used, and how it's contributing to all
             | sorts of social, economic and political disparities.
             | 
             | And unlike the business world, where individuals begin to
             | face diseconomies of scale as the size of their portolio of
             | businesses/investments grows beyond their ability to
             | actively manage them, and the number of investment targets
             | that can absorb their wealth diminishes [1], growing
             | concentrations of political power begets even more
             | political power, as the state's monopoly on violence
             | requires no sophistication to scale up.
             | 
             | >>With untraceable money you'd never know this. Or you'd
             | have to limit yourself to "declared income", which would be
             | effectively voluntary.
             | 
             | Untraceable money does not mean an income tax can't be
             | collected. The act of earning income doesn't become
             | untraceable by virtue of the government not being able to
             | swoop in and monitor every transaction without a warrant.
             | And frankly, if an income tax did require warrantless mass-
             | surveillance of the population's financial interactions, to
             | effectively collect, then it would be better to replace it
             | with another form of taxation which didn't.
             | 
             | [1] https://youtu.be/2Qq8GZjmHqw?t=120
        
             | aww_dang wrote:
             | You observe that the political class benefits
             | disproportionately from their political power. Next you
             | conclude the solution is to grant them more power via
             | regulation.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | I would assert the already powerful gain more power from
               | the absence of regulation; forcing them to set rules --
               | imperfect a process as that is -- is less bad than
               | anarchy, which seems to often degenerate into handing all
               | the power very quickly to the worst people.
        
               | aww_dang wrote:
               | "We can't allow more freedom, because that would lead to
               | oppression"
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | I'm not "free" to go on a machine gun rampage, this lack
               | of freedom _isn't_ "being oppressed", and as it applies
               | to everyone it stops other people doing it to me.
               | 
               | So I know you're being sarcastic, but yes, for some
               | things more freedom directly causes oppression.
               | 
               | I assert that letting power-hungry tax evaders get away
               | with it is in that category.
        
               | jl2718 wrote:
               | > power-hungry tax evaders
               | 
               | You mean like the owners of all of the biggest companies
               | in the world right now?
               | 
               | Or do you mean like that guy that did absolutely nothing
               | except buy some dog coins and then tried to disappear to
               | go live on a beach somewhere?
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Like most, I find the former are the ones who most
               | wrankle, but I don't actually know which is worse. I have
               | heard that one of Greece's big economic problems is too
               | many ordinary people think tax is for suckers (and absent
               | full automation we can't _all_ live on a beach, sale of
               | doge or otherwise). I don't even know if that's an
               | accurate depiction of Greece, but it's certainly
               | compatible with human nature, and the tragedy of the
               | commons comes in many forms.
        
               | aww_dang wrote:
               | I'll allow that my characterization was mildly
               | hyperbolic. However there's some truth there. You're
               | stretching when you compare people voluntarily consuming
               | products or services with violence. If this is the
               | comparison you need to make, I think it is illustrative
               | of where the argument is going. The clincher is that
               | regulations, taxes or outright prohibitions of
               | cryptocurrencies will be enforced with violence.
               | 
               | More directly, if some _villainous_ _entrepreneur_
               | manages to protect his wealth from government
               | confiscation, that is freedom. Confiscation under the
               | threat of violence can hardly be construed as  "freedom".
               | 
               | Consider the origins of freedom. Are freedoms granted by
               | government? Where does it stem from? Who is entitled to
               | the value you add to a marketplace? Is a market a zero
               | sum game?
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > The clincher is that regulations, taxes or outright
               | prohibitions of cryptocurrencies will be enforced with
               | violence.
               | 
               | Hence my references to anarchy. All governments are the
               | definers of legitimate force and to whom their local
               | monopoly of it can be deputised.
               | 
               | > Are freedoms granted by government?
               | 
               | Yes.
               | 
               | > Where does it stem from?
               | 
               | Game theory, economics, and the occasional threat of
               | other people doing violence against the stuff they (the
               | powerful) like.
               | 
               | > Who is entitled to the value you add to a marketplace?
               | 
               | Nobody, including the creator of that value. The creators
               | of value are only rewarded with it because a system
               | vastly bigger than any single human has temporarily
               | settled on a local equilibrium where that is the
               | motivation.
               | 
               | Entitlements only exists with respect to legal frameworks
               | and with enforcement mechanisms, not by themselves.
               | 
               | > Is a market a zero sum game?
               | 
               | They can be, they can also be negative or positive sum
               | games. Messing with currencies is often a negative,
               | because it creates opportunities to defect that otherwise
               | don't exist.
               | 
               | I own a flat. It's collecting rent. If the economy goes
               | up and all else is equal, I collect more rent (more money
               | in the system for fixed supply); if home construction
               | increases, I collect less (more supply for fixed money in
               | the system). This income is _entirely_ due to what the
               | government in charge of the area decides to motivate, not
               | how much I put into maintaining the place. Similarly: the
               | profitability of Nissan in the UK is determined by what
               | sort of trade deal the UK and the EU have; Facebook,
               | GDPR-style and safe harbour laws; SpaceX, national
               | security laws; Saudi Aramco, global oil policy; and so
               | on.
               | 
               | None of us stands alone (assuming nobody here has a von
               | Neumann probe), and tax evasion is Nash-defection.
        
           | lobochrome wrote:
           | Has money ever been untraceable? Cash certainly was traceable
           | starting with certain volume. Closest was maybe art and
           | collectibles during Shoa!?
           | 
           | A more fragile social order then we have today?!
        
       | htlbx wrote:
       | This is what you wanted democrats.
       | 
       | You people are pure fucking evil.
        
       | shapefrog wrote:
       | Since when was a public ledger of financial transactions anything
       | but a privacy disaster?
        
         | chrisan wrote:
         | how do I tie this public ledger to an individual?
        
       | AndyMcConachie wrote:
       | I'm tired of having to care about digital currencies and I really
       | don't care if the people working with them get treated unfairly.
       | It's a solution in search of a problem and I'm tired of people
       | who otherwise don't know shit about technology constantly asking
       | me about it.
       | 
       | Digital currencies have solved none of our social problems, and
       | will never solve any of our social problems. Instead they're just
       | a giant distraction, or worse a not so clever means of
       | facilitating sophmoric scams on the ignorant.
        
         | mypastself wrote:
         | Even if you think they're criminals, why wouldn't you want them
         | to get treated fairly? What other types of crimes do you think
         | deserve unfair treatment?
        
         | asah wrote:
         | Yeah me too. And deep neural nets. And quantum computing. And
         | 4k TV. And smart phones. And drones. Cause nuthin but trouble.
         | Give me my horse and buggy !
         | 
         | /s
         | 
         | Seriously, it's both pointless to play Luddite (in general) and
         | there's plenty of legit and exciting applications for crypto,
         | from wildly faster and easier capital allocation to
         | sophisticated artistic rights contracts replacing junky and
         | expensive legal contracts.
        
           | infinitezest wrote:
           | I think this is a pretty reductionist argument. Just like the
           | other technologies that you mentioned crypto has some good
           | applications. But it really comes down to a cost-benefit
           | analysis. Easier said than done, sure, but I'm not at all
           | convinced by the "oh well I guess you think ALL tech is bad
           | then" argument.
        
         | ivan_gammel wrote:
         | I would add to this that they created more problems than
         | solved. Negative environmental impact, criminal activities,
         | robbery of unqualified investors -- all that for a few geeks to
         | have a false feeling of privacy.
        
         | CryptoPunk wrote:
         | How could you not care if people are treated unfairly? This is
         | not a good baseline value that we can all share. Are we all
         | going to hope that other people, who disagree with us on some
         | social or business issue, are treated unfairly? Is politics
         | going to be relegated to a forum to wage a never-ending battle
         | against each other?
         | 
         | How about live and let live?
        
           | aww_dang wrote:
           | Apparently for many here, subjective interpretations of
           | "social good" trump the basic premises of voluntary
           | interactions and natural law. Contrast those views with
           | decentralized and non-violent valuations provided by
           | voluntary consumption.
        
             | CryptoPunk wrote:
             | I mean, I don't think it advances my understanding of the
             | "social good" for people to consume billions of dollars of
             | pop-culture entertainment in the form of the Kardashians,
             | Youtube reality-TV celebrities etc, but in no semblance of
             | a free society do I express that preference through
             | punitive government measures against the people expending
             | their resources on that.
        
               | aww_dang wrote:
               | By allowing a decentralized market based system to
               | ascribe value to these things we avoid the problem of
               | imposing our subjective value judgments on others. It may
               | not be perfect, but it is more humane and productive than
               | central planning.
               | 
               | Imagine the democratic alternative, where the masses vote
               | that watching the Kardashians is compulsory. Or that your
               | own niche interests are prohibited.
        
         | jl2718 wrote:
         | What are some of the social problems that the SWIFT network
         | solves?
        
       | bawana wrote:
       | so is tax avoidance the real benefit in transacting with crypto?
        
       | yawaworht1978 wrote:
       | A very good point was mentioned here, the miners. Is it possible
       | to ID miners? Are they subject to kyc and taxes? I mean , they
       | are generating revenue and distributing/creating assets. Upon
       | mining, how long is the mined coin anonymous?
        
         | dylkil wrote:
         | Anyone can buy an asic and turn it on to start mining. The
         | mined coin stays anon as long as the miner has good opsec.
        
           | yawaworht1978 wrote:
           | Can he simply convert it to cash via local Bitcoin?
           | 
           | Another thing I wonder, is having an ASIC a guarantee to mine
           | something? I mean new coins/partial coins, not transaction
           | processing.
        
             | dylkil wrote:
             | There are plenty of ways to convert to cash anon
             | 
             | Most miners join pools. A single asic will never mine a
             | block, so miners pool hashpower together and you get paid
             | out your share of the hashpower.
        
               | yawaworht1978 wrote:
               | thanks, curious to hear about the Anom ways of conversion
               | and do they get paid in fiat or Satoshi s typically?
        
       | rvz wrote:
       | It's like they want to push everyone to use privacy coins at this
       | point.
       | 
       | Even if this passes succeeds, it helps the privacy coins anyway.
       | Just wait until the BTC maximalists realise that BTC is traceable
       | and not private.
        
       | 1cvmask wrote:
       | This is more than a privacy disaster. It is so far so vaguely
       | worded (maybe deliberately?) that the government can target
       | everyone in the ecosystem with penalties:
       | 
       | While the language is still evolving, the proposal would seek to
       | expand the definition of "broker" under section 6045(c)(1) of the
       | Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to include anyone who is
       | "responsible for and regularly providing any service effectuating
       | transfers of digital assets" on behalf of another person. These
       | newly defined brokers would be required to comply with IRS
       | reporting requirements for brokers, including filing form 1099s
       | with the IRS. That means they would have to collect user data,
       | including users' names and addresses.
       | 
       | The broad, confusing language leaves open a door for almost any
       | entity within the cryptocurrency ecosystem to be considered a
       | "broker"--including software developers and cryptocurrency
       | startups that aren't custodying or controlling assets on behalf
       | of their users. It could even potentially implicate miners, those
       | who confirm and verify blockchain transactions. The mandate to
       | collect names, addresses, and transactions of customers means
       | almost every company even tangentially related to cryptocurrency
       | may suddenly be forced to surveil their users.
        
         | throwaway0a5e wrote:
         | >It is so far so vaguely worded (maybe deliberately?) that the
         | government can target everyone in the ecosystem with penalties:
         | 
         | That's the point. They reserve the power of arbitrary
         | enforcement early on because they don't know what the stuff
         | they won't like will look like. So then they'll go after
         | anything they don't like and leave it up to the courts and the
         | legislature to clean up the mess.
        
         | pembrook wrote:
         | > _regularly providing any service effectuating transfers of
         | digital assets_
         | 
         | I fail to see how this is a "privacy disaster." It looks like
         | crypto brokers are going to be treated like all other
         | brokerages.
         | 
         | Do you also call it a "privacy disaster" when your bank account
         | requires your name and address so they can report interest
         | payments to the government? Or when
         | Robinhood/Schwab/Vanguard/Etc send the IRS a list of all your
         | stock transactions for the year in a form 1099?
         | 
         | Bitcoin is basically digital gold, and just like with gold,
         | when you chose to buy or sell it the convenient way (eg.
         | through an ETF instead of actual physical gold), it gets
         | reported to everybody.
         | 
         | You can always custody your own bitcoin and find partners to
         | transact with directly and choose not to report it (like with
         | physical gold), but, similar to physical gold, it will be
         | extremely cumbersome, risky, and not worth your time to do so.
        
           | miracle2k wrote:
           | The argument is that software developers or miners should not
           | be treated as brokers, the later being akin to ISPs. If you
           | are not going to engage with this argument, why bother?
        
             | pembrook wrote:
             | Why argue against something that isn't actually in the
             | legislation and is intended to scare people?
             | 
             | Sure, if you bend over backwards and squint through one
             | eye, you can contort yourself into the bad faith
             | interpretation that developers will be treated as brokers--
             | given they can engage in "transfers."
             | 
             | But just because some entity can be considered to exist on
             | the same "continuum" as crypto brokers, doesn't mean there
             | isn't a clear division between them:
             | https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Continuum_fallacy
             | 
             | One could also contort themselves into the assertion that
             | convenience stores engage in transfers with "digital
             | assets" (shifting credit via digitally created loans
             | provided by Visa).
             | 
             | Maybe I should publish an article saying this legislation
             | will require 7-Eleven to report to the government every
             | time you buy a twinkie? That'll really get some clicks!
        
               | echopurity wrote:
               | There is no "good faith" when violence is involved.
        
               | RHSeeger wrote:
               | If this part is true
               | 
               | > the proposal would seek to expand the definition of
               | "broker" under section 6045(c)(1) of the Internal Revenue
               | Code of 1986 to include anyone who is "responsible for
               | and regularly providing any service effectuating
               | transfers of digital assets"
               | 
               | Then this appears to be false
               | 
               | > something that isn't actually in the legislation
               | 
               | Because "digital asset" is extremely broad and can easily
               | be seen to cover things like video game inventory items.
               | 
               | Is there a specific and detailed definition of "video
               | asset" in the legislation?
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Because "digital asset" is extremely broad and can
               | easily be seen to cover things like video game inventory
               | items_
               | 
               | I believe digital asset is a defined term in this
               | legislation, though the quote doesn't show any
               | capitalisation.
        
               | cptskippy wrote:
               | That's the trouble with armchair legislation, no one
               | bothers to read the text in full or understand the rules
               | of the game. Most legislation has a dictionary to define
               | the terms use within.
               | 
               | These definitions are critical and updates to modify a
               | definition without modifying the text can still have
               | dramatic affect.
        
               | throwawaygh wrote:
               | See page 2435. Digital asset is defined as a digital
               | representation of value recorded on a cryptographically
               | distributed ledger or any similar technology.
               | 
               | Practically, the Secretary and the courts will decide
               | what this means.
               | 
               | If you're using in-game tokens to represent value and
               | maintain a ledger, then sure, that could count. Which is
               | good. why should it be possible to sidestep this law by
               | creating a coin that is liquid and fungible and has etfs
               | that track it but just happens to be used for in game
               | purchases? That would be a silly and absurd loophole.
               | 
               | If your in game currency is one-way, ie can't be
               | converted back to USD or any other assets, then it's by
               | (legal) definition not representation of value.
        
               | RHSeeger wrote:
               | > but just happens to be used for in game purchases
               | 
               | Because if I make a game where items drop, and players
               | can transfer items between each other, but not convert
               | any of it to real world money... then making the system,
               | or possibly every single player, be responsible for
               | reporting all activity and participants to the government
               | is... to be blunt, bat-shit crazy?
        
               | throwawaygh wrote:
               | That would not be a representation of value. I address
               | literally exactly this scenario in my comment.
        
               | RHSeeger wrote:
               | If it is possible to sell in-game items for out of game
               | money (either using in game processes or an external
               | system like a 3rd party site), then would this mean they
               | are "value". If so, does that mean each player that sells
               | items needs to report every transaction? Or that the game
               | system needs to report every in game transaction
               | (transfer of items from one character to another). And
               | that reporting needs to include real life information
               | about the players involved?
        
               | throwawaygh wrote:
               | Players already have to report substantial real gains on
               | sales of game assets. If you've been doing this and not
               | reporting income, especially if it's beyond trivial sums
               | (eg like 5 figures or so), talk with your accountant
               | ASAP.
               | 
               | Beyond that, it depends, but the answer definitely isn't
               | "no". That's true even today, btw: game companies can't
               | knowingly allow money laundering through their in game
               | currency, for example, and gambling laws almost always
               | apply if you can cash out and the game contains any type
               | of chance component (eg loot boxes).
               | 
               | Basically, if your game is setup in a way that could be
               | trivially used for transferring real world assets between
               | players, even existing regulations probably already
               | apply. This is one of many reasons most games only
               | support one way transactions -- you can move money into
               | the game but not back out (at least without breaking tos)
               | 
               | "X but in a video game" is almost always actually really
               | X when it comes to money and other assets that can flow
               | into and out of the game easily. A VR Wells Fargo branch
               | is still a bank.
        
               | Matticus_Rex wrote:
               | > Sure, if you bend over backwards and squint through one
               | eye, you can contort yourself into the bad faith
               | interpretation that developers will be treated as brokers
               | --given they can engage in "transfers."
               | 
               | Pardon me for having a legal education and knowing that
               | prosecutors are often more than willing to bend over
               | backwards and squint through one eye.
               | 
               | If it's possible for a prosecutor to argue it, they will
               | eventually argue it, and most of the time the courts
               | won't push back.
        
               | SamPatt wrote:
               | The entire history of governance and prosecution is bad
               | faith arguments.
               | 
               | They only need the thinnest veneer of legality in order
               | to abuse their power.
        
           | zionic wrote:
           | >Do you also call it a "privacy disaster" when your bank
           | account requires your name and address so they can report
           | interest payments to the government?
           | 
           | Yes. Do you not? They have no right to that information. Why
           | do so many in the "hacker" culture simp for the authority
           | structure?
        
             | capableweb wrote:
             | Be careful to attribute what you read on Hacker News to the
             | entire "hacker culture". There are so many strongly held
             | opinions I've never heard hackers say out loud in real
             | life, most famous example must be about unions. I've heard
             | zero hackers arguing that unions are bad in real life,
             | while when the discussion comes up on Hacker News, the
             | discussions seems to lean 50/50 on if unions are actually
             | good or bad.
        
               | Matticus_Rex wrote:
               | Never knew any cypherpunk or cypherpunk-adjacent people,
               | then?
        
               | pksebben wrote:
               | I'm sure that isn't in any way Pinkerton astroturfing.
        
             | throwawaygh wrote:
             | Hi. I started hacking in 3rd grade in Apple Basic on an
             | Apple IIe, published dozens of CVEs in my youth, helped
             | start a hackerspace, build sota robots, etc etc etc.
             | 
             | Pretty sure I get to call myself a hacker in any sense of
             | that word.
             | 
             | I'm a fan of KYC and paying taxes precisely because I'm a
             | hacker and can immediately see how easy it is to hack civil
             | society without those things.
             | 
             | Also, this isn't a forum for hackers in any definition of
             | the word. It's a public discussion forum run by and often
             | for the benefit of a powerful and rich VC firm with
             | substantial investments in alt fin tech speculation. are
             | you sure you're not the one simping?
        
               | 8ytecoder wrote:
               | Most folks here arguing that banking laws are also a
               | privacy disaster _only_ because of the proposed law. I 'm
               | not saying they were ok with it earlier and changing
               | their stance now. Just that, they simply had no stance
               | earlier and accepted the status quo.
               | 
               | (Personally, I think the wording has to be tightened. My
               | only stance is crypto should be on-par with other banking
               | laws. No special treatment. Crypto should (hopefully)
               | succeed but shouldn't become a refuge for money
               | laundering, facilitation of crimes and other less than
               | desirable activities. It could lead to long term harm for
               | the ecosystem than adding KYC and making it mainstream.)
        
             | knorker wrote:
             | If you don't believe that the government has the right to
             | make laws, then that's one argument.
             | 
             | If you don't believe that the government should be allowed
             | to attempt to tackle money laundering, that such crime is
             | simply to be shielded at all cost from being reduced, then
             | that's another.
             | 
             | So the question is "what do you want?".
             | 
             | And the cryptocurrency community has been completely unable
             | to present anything that isn't literal anarchy or
             | feudalism. And guess what, nobody will be able to sell
             | anarchy or feudalism to the general public, or even outside
             | a very very small community.
             | 
             | This other comment said it better:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28047145
        
           | barnabee wrote:
           | > Do you also call it a "privacy disaster" when your bank
           | account requires your name and address so they can report
           | interest payments to the government? Or when
           | Robinhood/Schwab/Vanguard/Etc send the IRS a list of all your
           | stock transactions for the year in a form 1099?
           | 
           | Yes. Clearly.
           | 
           | My car doesn't keep an up to date record of my name and
           | adress so it can report my position and speed to the
           | authorities. Warrantless wiretapping is illegal in most
           | (every?) form outside finance, and there's no justification
           | for banks or investment firms being any different.
           | 
           | Governments have a right to make laws, they don't have a
           | right to continuously monitor every citizen to enforce them.
        
           | matheusmoreira wrote:
           | > Do you also call it a "privacy disaster" when your bank
           | account requires your name and address so they can report
           | interest payments to the government?
           | 
           | Yes.
        
           | bgitarts wrote:
           | Yes I call it a "privacy disaster" when your bank account
           | requires your name and address so they can report interest
           | payments to the government. Or when
           | Robinhood/Schwab/Vanguard/Etc send the IRS a list of all your
           | stock transactions for the year in a form 1099.
        
           | adolph wrote:
           | Is it accurate to treat crypto facilities as equity brokers,
           | or more like foreign currency exchanges? (Forex probably have
           | their own reporting requirements, the question is about
           | analogous service, not the reporting/privacy part.)
        
             | pembrook wrote:
             | You probably don't want crypto transactions to be taxed
             | like forex ones--unless you enjoy paying capital gains
             | taxes before you've even sold: https://www.investopedia.com
             | /terms/s/section-1256-contract.a...
        
               | dcolkitt wrote:
               | You're confused. Section 1256 applies to _futures_ , not
               | forex. Spot forex positions are taxed as ordinary capital
               | gains under Section 988. Under very specific conditions a
               | high-volume spot forex trader who never takes deliver
               | _may elect_ to be taxed under 1256, but that 's
               | completely optional.
               | 
               | https://greentradertax.com/a-case-for-retail-forex-
               | traders-u...
        
           | Communitivity wrote:
           | > Do you also call it a "privacy disaster" when your bank
           | account requires your name and address so they can report
           | interest payments to the government? Or when
           | Robinhood/Schwab/Vanguard/Etc send the IRS a list of all your
           | stock transactions for the year in a form 1099?
           | 
           | Yes, I do. The IRS has slowly gathered power since 1913.
           | Federal taxes were supposed to be short term and temporary,
           | for war levies and such.
           | 
           | Furthermore, the tax code within the constitution controverts
           | itself: "all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform
           | throughout the United States" - I.8.1
        
             | api wrote:
             | I also must throw in the fact that IRS enforcement is
             | disproportionately against "regular" people. The IRS
             | doesn't go after enormous tax dodging billionaires very
             | often, because going after some small business owner who
             | mis-reported something or is trying to squeak something by
             | is a better way to make quota.
             | 
             | It results in yet another area where "laws are for little
             | people."
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | dcolkitt wrote:
           | > Do you also call it a "privacy disaster" when your bank
           | account requires your name and address so they can report
           | interest payments to the government? Or when
           | Robinhood/Schwab/Vanguard/Etc send the IRS a list of all your
           | stock transactions for the year in a form 1099?
           | 
           | This isn't like that at all. This would be like the
           | government requiring Microsoft to KYC every single user of
           | Excel, because people use their software to manage money.
        
             | knorker wrote:
             | No it's not. Not at all.
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | Not really, since excel can be used for everything from
             | budgeting to making a list of your favorite movies.
             | Cryptocurrency is for transactions and speculation, not
             | much different than any other financial product when you
             | shuck off the technical mumbo jumbo surrounding it. Why
             | would that not be regulated?
        
               | nostrademons wrote:
               | Except it's not, if you look at the broader Ethereum &
               | smart contract ecosystem. It's also for decentralized
               | organizations (Aragon), incentivizing distributed storage
               | (Filecoin/IPFS), pricing ad markets (Brave/BAT), supply
               | chain management (VeChain), managing ownership (NFTs),
               | and project governance and voting (many tokens).
               | 
               | This is like saying "The Internet is for porn" because
               | that's your only exposure to it. Yes, it's the most
               | common early use - but it's very far from the _only_ use.
        
               | 8note wrote:
               | Those things should be split out then, so there isn't a
               | coin attached to it.
               | 
               | If you couple things badly, you can end up with more
               | responsibilities than you want
        
               | nostrademons wrote:
               | There has to be a coin attached to it because that is how
               | you incentivize actors within the ecosystem to take
               | certain actions (eg. "share their hard disk space" for
               | FileCoin or "view ads" for BAT).
               | 
               | The central premise of these projects is that humans make
               | terrible decisions, markets make good decisions, so let's
               | replace humans with markets whenever possible. Right now,
               | some exec at Google determines how many ads you see on
               | the Internet. The premise of Brave & BAT is that _you_
               | decide whether you want to see ads on the Internet, you
               | get compensated for viewing them, and if enough people
               | decide the ads are not worth their time, they 'll turn
               | them off and drive the price of BAT up enough that people
               | _do_ want to view them.
               | 
               | Right now, some exec at Amazon decides how much you pay
               | for S3. The premise of FileCoin & IPFS is that lots of
               | ordinary home users have spare hard drive space, and they
               | should be able to be compensated for renting out that
               | space to projects that need lots of distributed storage.
               | The market price of FileCoin is that which equilibrates
               | demand for storage with supply.
        
               | 8note wrote:
               | The requirement is compensation. You could just pay them
               | through PayPal. There's no need to have them do a stock
               | trade for somebody else in order for you to pay them for
               | S3 space.
        
               | dcolkitt wrote:
               | Okay. How about companies that create book keeping
               | software? Should they be required to KYC their customers.
        
               | superlopuh wrote:
               | "digital assets" includes more than cryptocurrency
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | > Do you also call it a "privacy disaster" when your bank
           | account requires your name and address so they can report
           | interest payments to the government? Or when
           | Robinhood/Schwab/Vanguard/Etc send the IRS a list of all your
           | stock transactions for the year in a form 1099?
           | 
           | "Disaster" is a loaded word, but _of course_ it would be a
           | huge privacy improvement if they didn 't!
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | This should be read along with
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28042185 "Wealthy
         | Americans Targeted by U.S. in Panama Tax-Fraud Probe". The
         | fundamental question is "should paying tax be optional for rich
         | people?" Large parts of the crypto ecosystem believe that the
         | answer should be "yes". The US government believes the answer
         | should be "no".
        
           | fallingknife wrote:
           | Only if the government continues to insist on taxing income
           | as a main source of income. The government could easily
           | implement a sales tax and crypto would only be a small
           | obstacle to enforcement. And as a bonus feature we could fire
           | a bunch of bureaucrats too.
        
             | adrianN wrote:
             | I don't think this would be a good idea for fairness
             | reasons, but assuming you'd implement it this way: How
             | would you collect sales tax if you allow completely
             | anonymous transactions? This is already a problem with
             | cash, it would become a bigger problem if you introduce
             | more convenient alternatives to cash in the form of crypto.
        
               | NickM wrote:
               | It could be done anonymously if you calculate purchases
               | implicitly as income minus savings. This would de-
               | anonymize savings of course, but they're not really that
               | anonymous right now anyway since most methods of savings
               | have to report interest/dividends/etc.
        
               | wizzwizz4 wrote:
               | And then you're back to where you started, surely? You
               | still need the information about income.
        
               | NickM wrote:
               | Right, but the problem cited earlier up in the thread is
               | that sales tax would prevent anonymous purchases; if you
               | accept that income is not anonymous (which it already
               | isn't), then you can still have a system with both sales
               | tax and anonymous purchases.
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | Income: unknown due to financial privacy
               | 
               | Savings: unknown (held in cryptocurrency, private)
               | 
               | Tax: divide by zero error
               | 
               | Besides, doesn't the US already have sales taxes? Or are
               | they state-only? I'm starting to favor a tax on real
               | estate and/or land value, since that's physically
               | impossible to hide.
        
               | handrous wrote:
               | > Besides, doesn't the US already have sales taxes? Or
               | are they state-only?
               | 
               | State. City. County. Sub-divisions of same that are
               | special sales tax districts and have extra sales tax
               | applied. Not every instance of those entities applies a
               | sales tax, but any _could_ and many do. Basically
               | everything _except_ federal. The sales tax where I am, in
               | a  "red" state, is about 11% (we actually have a _really_
               | high effective all-inclusive tax rate in this state, for
               | how entirely shitty government services and
               | infrastructure are)
               | 
               | > I'm starting to favor a tax on real estate and/or land
               | value, since that's physically impossible to hide.
               | 
               | The challenge with that is the system for assigning value
               | --everything else about it is easy. We already have
               | something close to what you'd need in the US because real
               | estate property taxes are common. That system's not
               | perfect but it may still be good-enough, despite its
               | flaws. It seems to work kinda OK. That might change if
               | that became a more important revenue source, and for more
               | levels of government, though.
        
               | nightski wrote:
               | It's a lot easier to require businesses in the country to
               | report sales tax (of which the infrastructure is already
               | in place and could be funded more heavily) than it is to
               | go after individuals. Even if the business' individual
               | transactions are in cash or anonymous.
               | 
               | There will always be a black market, but eventually that
               | money has to flow back into the regular economy (food,
               | housing, etc...) and will be taxed.
        
             | ajackfox wrote:
             | Sales taxes are regressive and affect the poorest the most.
             | Income taxes (can be) progressive.
             | 
             | Progressive taxation benefits society at large.
        
               | NickM wrote:
               | Sales taxes can be done in a progressive way if you
               | calculate total purchases for the year as (reported
               | income minus reported money added to savings).
               | 
               | Though, of course, you then need even more reporting than
               | we already have, but it would have the upside of no
               | longer disincentivizing work like the current system
               | does, and rewarding savings over spending too.
        
               | NickM wrote:
               | Not sure why I got downvoted; while it's not super well-
               | known, this is a real and potentially feasible idea that
               | has been studied by economists and has had papers written
               | about it. You can absolutely apply tax brackets to sales
               | tax to avoid making it a regressive tax, it's just a
               | little bit more administratively complex.
        
               | gamblor956 wrote:
               | There are a number of reasons for your downvotes. For
               | starters, income taxes don't disincentive work and are in
               | fact lower now than they were during our greatest periods
               | of economic growth.
               | 
               | And from the perspective of someone who actually works in
               | tax: the "FairTax" simply pushes all the complexity to
               | everyday transactions, instead of minimizing it to
               | periodic transactions occurring 1-2 times a month (with
               | reporting once a year). It would hugely disincentive
               | paying for actual things, and artificially incentivize
               | (untaxed) services over (heavily taxed) goods.
               | 
               | Moreover, the "FairTax" rate would be _30%_ or more on
               | all purchases. Not only would the FairTax would obscenely
               | regressive in effect, but a tax rate that large would
               | push a substantial portion of the economy underground!
               | 
               | There's so much wrong with "FairTax" that it should be
               | called "Ridiculous Tax."
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > income taxes don't disincentive work
               | 
               | While I agree with much of your post, current taxes on
               | income (featuring reduced taxes on capital income,
               | exclusion of most income from gifts/inheritances, and
               | supplemental taxes on labor income ["payroll tax"])
               | absolutely disincentivize working for income if you have
               | choices of how to get income. Now, lots of people don't
               | have choices and are stuck with work, but that doesn't
               | mean there is no disincentive effect.
               | 
               | (Of course, "treat income as income" makes this much
               | fairer than the status quo, much less the laughably
               | misnamed "FairTax".)
        
               | gamblor956 wrote:
               | All of those alternative sources of money require an
               | individual to already be quite wealthy: capital income
               | means capital assets; gifts/inheritances means wealthy
               | family. At that point...it honestly doesn't matter how
               | you get your money. Over my career I have provided tax
               | consulting and compliance services to many HNW
               | individuals, and income taxes were never once a
               | disincentive to working. A person rich enough to choose
               | how they earn their income works because they choose to.
               | 
               | (Note: payroll taxes such as FICA, etc., actually phase
               | out pretty quickly after $100k in earnings, so they're
               | regressive in nature. There is the high-wage supplemental
               | tax, but this is offset by the cap on income subject to
               | SSI tax, so workers earnings more than $140k actually pay
               | less in payroll tax.)
               | 
               | That being said, I agree that capital gains should be
               | treated as regular income (as it was historically, pre-
               | Reagan) and that income received via gift/inheritance
               | should not receive a FMV cost basis.
        
               | NickM wrote:
               | Right, exactly. And besides the examples you mentioned,
               | the differing income tax brackets on married couples is
               | also a big example of this. If only one spouse is
               | working, and the second spouse is deciding whether to get
               | a job, then having all of the second spouse's income
               | taxed at a higher marginal rate from the get go can
               | easily influence people's decisions.
        
               | unethical_ban wrote:
               | That is probably different than the incorrect argument
               | I've often heard, that "if I get paid more and move into
               | a new tax bracket, I'll net less money" which shows up
               | when someone doesn't understand the concept of taxation
               | on marginal dollars.
               | 
               | I think the people who argue for higher taxes on
               | wealthier brackets also argue for capital gains to be
               | taxed at a similar/equal rate to income.
        
               | NickM wrote:
               | I think you're making some incorrect political
               | assumptions about my views. I have no idea what this
               | "FairTax" thing is that you're referring to, but that
               | sounds like something pretty different from what I'm
               | talking about.
        
               | gamblor956 wrote:
               | Your parent comment described one of the proposed ways
               | for implementing the FairTax system, in which a national
               | sales tax would replace the national income tax.
               | 
               | Even if you did not mean to suggest FairTax and you mean
               | something very different, your proposal still ends up
               | being significantly more complicated than an income tax,
               | since now taxpayers must track all purchases made over
               | the year rather than the relatively limited sources of
               | income they have. Your proposal would increase the
               | compliance burden on buyers, sellers, _and_ the
               | government.
        
               | NickM wrote:
               | No, my comment said _calculate total purchases for the
               | year as (reported income minus reported money added to
               | savings)_ which specifically does _not_ require tracking
               | _any_ purchases, only income and contributions to bank
               | /investment/retirement accounts and such.
               | 
               | By not tracking purchases individually, and only
               | inferring the total amount of money spent by subtracting
               | savings from income, you can also apply brackets to
               | purchases, and thus avoid the regressive nature of a
               | "simple" flat sales tax.
        
               | fallingknife wrote:
               | Denmark and Sweden have VAT rates of 25%, so it's not
               | nearly as unrealistic as you make it out to be.
        
               | mrfusion wrote:
               | I figure you can make them progressive by taxing luxury
               | items and not necessities. Obviously there's a ton of
               | gray area but it could still help a lot.
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | > Progressive taxation benefits society at large...
               | 
               | ... claim the poor and the people who make their money
               | off capital gains.
               | 
               | Who gets to decide what "good for society" means in
               | context of taxation is possibly the most political
               | question out there. It is not at all obvious that making
               | the most productive people pay most of the burden gets to
               | the best outcome.
        
               | dnautics wrote:
               | the more people's lives you are affecting in a positive
               | sense the more likely it is you are making a very high
               | income.
               | 
               | the opposite arrow is not necessarily true, but one
               | wonders if there isn't a 'baby with the bathwater' effect
               | with progressive taxation.
        
               | tluyben2 wrote:
               | As OSS dev this very often not true for instance: there
               | is a lot of OSS having a positive effect on a huge amount
               | of people and yet the authors scraping by. Paying for OSS
               | should be a tax write off aka charity. Would stimulate
               | more people to just open source it all.
        
               | dnautics wrote:
               | You assume that the value in this case is created merely
               | by its existence but software in a vacuum is worthless.
               | The value in software is also created by orgs that choose
               | to use the software, by distribution networks. It must be
               | reduced to practice.
               | 
               | As a software dev that can be a hard pill to swallow.
        
               | tluyben2 wrote:
               | Yes, agreed. But does that change the case?
        
               | dnautics wrote:
               | Yes? I am asserting that you are overestimating the value
               | of the programmer, which is one axis of the correlation I
               | suggest.
        
               | unethical_ban wrote:
               | Being highly paid or at the top of a management structure
               | does not equal being more productive.
               | 
               | It _is_ one philosophy that there exists some line, some
               | fuzzy DMZ that gets crossed between being merely
               | "wealthy and more prosperous than others" and obscene.
               | Colloquially that seems to be "billionaire" but I bet a
               | lot of people on the farther-left would define is
               | somewhere north of $10 million.
               | 
               | Especially in a country so far behind the rest of the
               | developed world with regards to access to health-care and
               | housing for so many millions of people.
        
               | nightski wrote:
               | This is alleviated with a probate and has been studied in
               | depth ala the FairTax. It's FUD and is holding us back.
               | 
               | Not to mention there are many efficiencies that come with
               | this system which would likely cause prices to even out
               | over time near their current levels or just slightly
               | higher.
        
           | DennisP wrote:
           | Believe it or not it's possible to support tax enforcement,
           | and still not want the core functions necessary for
           | cryptocurrency to be made illegal.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | Is privacy, or specifically the ability to earn income
             | while concealing it, a core function?
             | 
             | (It's an unfortunate feature of the weightlessness of
             | modern money, crypto or otherwise, that proportionate
             | privacy is now hard. In the old days, if you wanted to move
             | a lot of money, especially internationally, you had to go
             | to a lot of physical trouble:
             | https://www.rte.ie/news/newslens/2019/1204/1096878-poland/
             | ; this was hard to hide and easy to intercept. Nowadays you
             | could theoretically move billions with a brainwallet. The
             | binance cold wallet is twice as much as the Polish wartime
             | gold: https://bitinfocharts.com/top-100-richest-bitcoin-
             | addresses....
             | 
             | So we end up with a situation in which in order to track
             | the large transactions a system is built which tracks _all_
             | transactions.)
        
               | DennisP wrote:
               | Contrary to popular belief, privacy is not a core
               | function of most cryptocurrencies. Every transaction is
               | on an open ledger viewable by anyone. If you fund an
               | address from a regulated exchange, it's simple for the
               | government to know who you are.
               | 
               | Mining _is_ a core function. None of it works without
               | that (or staking, which is equivalent). A miner is not
               | able to know who you are, since the regulated exchanges
               | are not reporting their KYC to all the miners. Making
               | miners responsible for sending 1099s would effectively
               | make it illegal to run public blockchains.
        
               | WJW wrote:
               | A miner _could_ know who you are, though such
               | functionality is not implemented in any of the current
               | currencies I know of. There is no technical reason that a
               | transaction cannot contain a cryptographically signed
               | identifier of the sender.
               | 
               | A very rough sketch of such a system:
               | 
               | - Any exchange that wishes to offer crypto services to US
               | citizens must do KYC according to the existing
               | regulations.
               | 
               | - Those exchanges make available each day a file with all
               | the KYC-ed wallet adresses.
               | 
               | - Miners can theoretically choose which transactions to
               | include and which to reject, but at the moment the main
               | (only?) criterion is how much fees are attached to the
               | transaction. You could mandate that they also do a lookup
               | into the KYC data and only accept the transaction if the
               | sending address is present in the list.
               | 
               | - I could even see the SEC or some other central body
               | (perhaps one per country) maintaining such a list,
               | exchanges submit their lists and miner can download it.
               | This is already done in several other sectors of the
               | economy.
        
               | DennisP wrote:
               | In that case, every transaction would not only be visible
               | to everyone on a public ledger, but come with complete
               | identification of all participants. It'd be like having
               | your credit card and bank statements posted on a website.
               | Any embarrassing purchases would be public, and anyone
               | with a large balance would be a target.
               | 
               | And why would you do this? The KYC you're making public
               | is already available to the government, and the on-chain
               | transactions are already public.
        
           | cheeseomlit wrote:
           | Paying tax is and will always be optional for the rich.
           | Crypto offers the middle class a chance to evade taxes as
           | well, so lawmakers are of course far more adversarial to it
           | than they are to the methods used by themselves and their
           | corporate friends.
           | 
           | One cold hard look at https://usdebtclock.org/ is enough to
           | convince me that paying taxes to the US government is not a
           | moral imperative. Every penny I pay is going towards paying
           | off a massive ever-expanding black hole of debt that is
           | mathematically impossible to ever pay off, the government is
           | going to spend the same amount regardless of the revenue it
           | collects since the Fed just prints it all anyways. So what's
           | the point in "paying your fair share" in such a system? You'd
           | be a fool not to evade as much as you possibly can.
        
             | flerovium wrote:
             | This misses the point: 'loopholes' often require
             | sacrificing optionality. Most "X billionaire paid Y in
             | taxes" have to do with _deferred_ taxes or charity, which
             | can't exactly be spent on lamborghinis.
             | 
             | There are definitely bad tactics and real loopholes, but
             | this isn't the main problem. The real problems are more
             | subtle and they require trade-offs.
             | 
             | These problems won't be solved as long as the tax code
             | remains as complex as it is.
             | 
             | Massive tax regulation is a surprisingly recent
             | invention.[1]
             | 
             | [1] https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2017/oct/17/roy-
             | blunt/...
             | 
             | EDIT: the parent author's very strongly worded statement
             | isn't true. I'm trying to add clarity to a vague statement,
             | not wage an ideological battle.
        
           | genocidicbunny wrote:
           | Not only should 'paying tax be optional for rich people' be
           | illegal, it should be heavily punished. If you are rich, and
           | you avoid taxes, you should be punished extremely harshly, to
           | the point of poverty or termination.
        
             | conjectures wrote:
             | Well, that escalated quickly.
        
             | lifty wrote:
             | When the rules make it illegal to not pay tax then rich
             | people will pay tax. The rules are made in such way that
             | people can avoid paying tax, legally. So you should call
             | your representative and make it clear that you want it, but
             | I doubt they will listen to you.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | A great deal of tax avoidance strategies used by the rich
               | are illegal, but the IRS either doesn't notice or
               | frequently chooses not to prosecute them.
               | 
               | A recent great example of why they don't notice. Rich
               | individual 1 was paying for an employee's
               | children/grandchildren to go to school while deducting
               | that money from his salary via a second set of books.
               | Rich individual avoids payroll tax, employee avoids
               | income tax, and on the surface it looks legal except the
               | second set of books made it a clearly illegal action.
               | It's exactly that mix of personal and business activities
               | that makes such criminal evasion so hard to track.
               | 
               | Another interesting example of not prosecuting, personal
               | Roth IRA's may not invest in companies under specific
               | conditions and transactions must be at the fair market
               | rate. Rich individual 2 broke both rules, but the IRS
               | investigation decided to leave it alone. This is adding
               | up to hundreds of millions of dollars in tax fraud, but
               | if the IRS chooses not to prosecute then he's free and
               | clear.
               | 
               | PS: Names redacted to avoid political discussion.
        
               | xorfish wrote:
               | You mean that the IRS frequently doesn't have the funds
               | to prosecute them.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | It's telling that local law enforcement frequently
               | receives money from confiscated items but the IRS
               | doesn't. On one hand that's great from a conflict of
               | interest standpoint, but when IRS funding pays for it's
               | self via taxes collected it's an interesting argument to
               | starve them of funds.
        
             | adventured wrote:
             | > If you are rich, and you avoid taxes, you should be
             | punished extremely harshly, to the point of poverty or
             | termination
             | 
             | Advocating murder on HN is wildly inappropriate behavior,
             | genocidic bunny.
        
               | Anktionaer wrote:
               | If the government does it it's not murder, because murder
               | is specifically unlawfull killing. I also agree that tax
               | evasion should not be punished by the death penalty, but
               | prison and extremely harsh fines would be a good start
               | imo.
        
               | imwillofficial wrote:
               | Murder is not unlawful killing.
               | 
               | Murder is a killing that is not just.
               | 
               | There have been many legal murders. (Look at the Ruby
               | ridge incident for a non recent example)
        
               | RHSeeger wrote:
               | According to the dictionary, murder is
               | 
               | > the unlawful premeditated killing of one human being by
               | another.
        
               | ultrarunner wrote:
               | Does it mention who's laws?
        
               | RHSeeger wrote:
               | Presumably the laws of the society/government currently
               | in charge where the homicide in question took place.
        
               | imwillofficial wrote:
               | So Nazi's did not commit murder because it was legal. Got
               | it.
        
               | RHSeeger wrote:
               | According to German law at the time, presumably, they
               | were not committing murder. It's hard to say because it's
               | entire possible for members of a country's military to
               | follow illegal orders and be breaking the law.
               | 
               | According to international law, they were committing
               | murder.
               | 
               | Murder is defined as illegal homicide. As such, it can
               | only be really be discussed in the context of a legal
               | framework. But there can be many legal frameworks at play
               | in any one place/instance.
        
               | trasz wrote:
               | Capital punishment is not murder. Even killing millions
               | of innocent people, like the US likes to do for financial
               | and racial reasons, is not technically a murder.
        
               | imwillofficial wrote:
               | Murder is a killing that is not justified. Having a
               | state's blessing does not make it correct.
               | 
               | There is such a thing as legal murder.
        
               | RHSeeger wrote:
               | No, there isn't. Murder has a specific meaning, and being
               | unlawful is part of it.
        
               | imwillofficial wrote:
               | Murder has a meaning that predates legal definitions.
               | Also, many groups in history are currently accused of
               | murder despite it being legal at the time. From slave
               | owners to Nazis, from communists to African warlords.
               | 
               | So are these not murders because they are legal?
        
               | trasz wrote:
               | I'm not claiming that "murder by state" is somehow
               | correct or less evil. My claim is, it's not a murder;
               | words have their defined meanings.
        
               | imwillofficial wrote:
               | So Nazis did not commit murder because it was legal. Got
               | it.
        
               | b0tzzzzzzman wrote:
               | Sanctioned punishment.
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | It kind of is though, even if nobody convicted Andrew
               | Jackson.
        
               | adrianN wrote:
               | I don't think the comment you are replying to was using
               | the technical definition of murder.
        
               | henearkr wrote:
               | I think they were referring to the fact that the state
               | has the monopoly of violence: it is the only moral agent,
               | in the country, with the right to kill without making it
               | a crime.
               | 
               | So it's a murder "technically physically" but not
               | "technically legally".
               | 
               | PS: I'm not endorsing death penalty in anyway. I oppose
               | death penalty.
        
           | dmichulke wrote:
           | > Large parts of the crypto ecosystem believe that the answer
           | should be "yes"
           | 
           | Citation needed.
           | 
           | Also, why do you think crypto people think that rich people
           | should pay no tax?
        
             | toofy wrote:
             | I suppose people could quibble over what "large" means, but
             | there is unquestionably a not insignificant portion who
             | want cryptocurrency for the express purpose of keeping the
             | government out of money. And another not insignificant
             | piece who believe taxes is a key piece of this.
             | 
             | Anyone who believed governments of the world would sit by
             | and say "oh, a technology that can greatly aid in tax
             | evasion, we'll just let this grow with zero input from
             | laws" are fooling themselves.
        
               | ypcx wrote:
               | The technology is perfectly sound and in its original
               | blueprint it was never meant to be "traded" or
               | denominated in an actual mainstream or fiat or government
               | currency. So if centralized elements (i.e. major
               | exchanges) are the cancer, then regulations such as these
               | are the scalpel.
               | 
               | If adopted, a cryptocurrency can perfectly serve an
               | ecosystem as an exchange of value, without ever crossing
               | the barrier to the mainstream monetary systems. I.e. a
               | loaf of bread for a certain fraction of a Bitcoin.
        
               | toss1 wrote:
               | That sounds lovely in theory, but once you get to an
               | exchange of value, you cross the line into taxable
               | territory, and will have to exchange something for fiat
               | currencies.
               | 
               | Sure, most minor barter transactions are ignored as de
               | minimus, but that does not make it legal (i.e., not tax
               | evasion).
               | 
               | So paying your neighbor for a loaf of her home baked
               | bread with a wad of coupons for the local store (or
               | Satoshis) is probably ignored because she is not an
               | official business, but if you do the same at the store,
               | or she grows to anything beyond casual home cooking, the
               | store and your neighbor will need to pay both sales tax
               | and income tax - in fiat - on those transactions.
               | 
               | Same goes for us trading anything large, say we barter my
               | car for your boat (or a bunch of BTC, gold, gift cards or
               | whatever), we'll have to pay taxes on the transaction, in
               | fiat. And we may have the additional pleasure of needing
               | to get an appraisal too.
               | 
               | So the idea that crypto currency could never touch fiat
               | was never anything more than a lovely figment of the
               | internet imagination.
        
           | bgitarts wrote:
           | This legislation will not raise more tax revenue like it
           | proposes. It will stifle the US crypto industry and push it
           | into friendlier jurisdictions. Ultimately it could end up
           | reducing tax revenue compared to not touching the crypto
           | industry.
        
             | xadhominemx wrote:
             | > It will stifle the US crypto industry and push it into
             | friendlier jurisdictions.
             | 
             | And nothing of value will be lost
        
         | knorker wrote:
         | So in short you're saying that yes actually everyone has to
         | follow AML and KYC laws. You can't just wave a magic "it's
         | math!" wand and pretend that laws don't apply to you.
         | 
         | Cryptocurrencies are not "clever" for avoiding laws.
        
           | woah wrote:
           | Brokers have previously been parties that take custody of
           | customer funds. This legislation potentially expands that to
           | anyone who publishes code that users can use themselves to
           | effect trades, for example, a startup that has deployed a
           | smart contract.
           | 
           | The willful stupidity that a lot of posters on here need to
           | engage in to get some crypto bashing points is amazing.
           | 
           | Ironically, this will not hurt crypto at all. It will only
           | hurt US companies by driving them out. US residents will
           | still be able to access and use smart contracts supplied by
           | foreign startups unless the government makes crypto
           | completely illegal.
        
             | knorker wrote:
             | Please take some time to read the hacker news community
             | guidelines.
        
         | hkt wrote:
         | "forced to surveil their users"
         | 
         | Or as it is otherwise known, abide by the same KYC rules as
         | banks.
         | 
         | I'd guess the vague wording is to allow regulators and the
         | judiciary to respond flexibly to changing practices. It might
         | be broad but it isn't poor lawmaking: it does exactly as it
         | intends to. Even using brokerage as an analogy makes sense to
         | respond to a system in which by design almost everyone of
         | significance is a middleman of some kind.
         | 
         | Fundamentally this is what will allow bitcoin to thrive: this
         | is part of the process of becoming legitimised. It isn't what
         | the crypto-libertarians hoped for, but what they hoped for in
         | the beginning was endless deflation, untaxable income and
         | speculative gains. It wasn't good for anyone but them.
         | 
         | This is a step to something better, namely a new financial
         | system in which upstarts are able to enter quickly and on
         | technical merit alone. That is worth a lot, and won't happen
         | without bitcoin entering the regulated mainstream.
        
           | noduerme wrote:
           | How can anyone enter the market quickly with an app that
           | takes crypto as payment, if you have to register as a broker
           | and meet KYC standards? Suppose you want to sell character
           | costumes or start a subscription podcast in crypto, rather
           | than paying royalties to Apple or having payment processing
           | through Visa. Are you going to demand ID verification from
           | all your listeners? It basically makes it so onerous to a
           | startup that _no_ innovation can happen
        
             | trasz wrote:
             | Can you give example of a cryptocurrency startup which
             | innovated anything useful?
        
               | cle wrote:
               | Brave.
               | 
               | (This question often leads to moving goalposts and
               | quibbling over definitions of "useful innovations".)
        
               | astoor wrote:
               | _> Can you give example of a cryptocurrency startup which
               | innovated anything useful?_
               | 
               | This is a trap I've seen many technical folks on HN fall
               | into - they define "useful" along the lines of
               | "beneficial", or "productive", or "worthwhile", rather
               | than simply "is used". Think of casino tokens. They have
               | no intrinsic value, and can only be used within very
               | limited set of environments, so you could think of them
               | as useless in the strict sense. But that doesn't stop
               | large numbers of people using large numbers of them on a
               | regular basis, and the operators make hundreds of
               | billions a year from the people using them, so they are
               | "useful" in the sense of "being used" to serve a strong
               | human desire (just not to make the world a better place).
        
               | CPLX wrote:
               | Yes you are correct. Cryptocurrency at the moment is used
               | for speculation, drug sales, scams, and evading financial
               | regulation.
               | 
               | Those are _huge_ valuable use cases. However it doesn't
               | follow that we should necessarily facilitate those uses.
        
               | trasz wrote:
               | As opposed to defining "useful" along the lines of
               | "generating profit".
               | 
               | So, sure, cryptocurrency startups can innovate a new way
               | of making money. But it doesn't make them useful. One
               | could argue it doesn't even make them not harmful.
        
               | astoor wrote:
               | I would also prefer "useful", as in "capable of being put
               | to use", to apply to uses with net positive outcomes for
               | society - I was just trying to make the point that,
               | unfortunately, many others don't.
        
               | noduerme wrote:
               | I'm reticent to get into this because it involves value
               | judgments about what's "useful". Are in-game skin
               | purchases useful? Not really. Should we prevent then from
               | being sold because they don't match your definition of
               | usefulness?
               | 
               | To my thinking, provably fair casino games are a useful
               | innovation that sprang from cryptocurrency. Decentralized
               | poker is another. If you find the entire global gaming
               | industry useless, then I guess those are also useless
               | innovations. Again, that's a value judgment.
               | 
               | I don't think it's fair to conflate the people/businesses
               | trying to profit from the crypto speculation craze,
               | pyramid shemes or shitcoins, with e.g. businesses that
               | want to accept crypto to avoid paying a % of their income
               | to Visa. Yet that's what this law would do.
        
           | mattwilsonn888 wrote:
           | Bitcoin already is regulated - piling on as much regulation
           | as possible isn't what's going to make it more main stream.
           | This bill allows the request to treat miners as brokers,
           | which is absurd considering that not all miners operate in
           | the U.S. Any miner that does operate in the U.S. will hash
           | locally and send verified blocks from international nodes, so
           | it won't work anyways.
           | 
           | Upstarts are able to enter quickly based on technical merit
           | alone RIGHT NOW. How does adding regulation simplify that for
           | them? It doesn't - it makes it far more restrictive. You must
           | be on crack to believe these provisions "help" crypto assets.
           | This bill goes against the design philosophy of peer-to-peer
           | transactions.
        
             | hkt wrote:
             | > This bill goes against the design philosophy of peer-to-
             | peer transactions.
             | 
             | Yes: because that design philosophy is counter to that of
             | consumer friendly, regulated markets. What will make
             | bitcoin mass market is the ability of regular investors to
             | get involved with the kind of safety net regulations
             | require. The alternative being that bitcoin maintains its
             | already shady reputation as something for money laundering
             | and buying drugs (crack, perhaps?) online. Cleaning up that
             | reputation and its causes is the job of regulation, and it
             | will work.
        
               | jkepler wrote:
               | However, a far larger portion of illicit drug
               | transactions are for cash dollars than for bitcoin;
               | estimates are 2-5% illicit transactions globally in fiat
               | currencies, and about 0.34% illicit in bitcoin in 2020 (a
               | rate that's fallen significantly since 2019 as we see
               | more mainstream early adoption if bitcoin [1].
               | 
               | This proposed regulation doesn't address the problems you
               | evoke, and its an attack on fundamental human rights such
               | as privacy.
               | 
               | [1]
               | https://www.forbes.com/sites/haileylennon/2021/01/19/the-
               | fal...
        
               | cinquemb wrote:
               | > However, a far larger portion of illicit drug
               | transactions are for cash dollars than for bitcoin
               | 
               | The regulatory system, and people who are ok with
               | deferring to it in its existing incarnation (i.e. the
               | revolving door between people within TBTF bailouts-every-
               | day with "open" "market" operations banks [where these
               | cash dollars inevitably end up] and the people who "look"
               | after them system), are fine with this because slaps on
               | the wrists and fines are considered the cost of doing
               | business and there can't be anyway possible to live and
               | exchange value without them being involved under the
               | guise of "protection" or "else" racket.
               | 
               | Robin Hanson would probably call this phenomenon a form
               | of "Elite Tax" on society. [0]
               | 
               | [0] https://www.overcomingbias.com/2021/08/how-high-our-
               | elite-ta...
        
             | RandomLensman wrote:
             | If the point is that in crypto 3rd party payment processing
             | and money transfers (for example) should be regulated
             | differently than in the other parts of the financial
             | system, let's make it.
             | 
             | I don't think "design philosophy" will be enough, though.
             | The points to make might be more like: is the regulation in
             | normal finance fit for purpose? Should there be an
             | electronic version of cash within some limits and could
             | that be partly done with crypto (same discussion as with
             | CBDC at the moment). Should there be a difference between
             | an individual miner and an industrial one?
             | 
             | Failing financial systems can have huge social and policy
             | implications so technical merit is but one consideration.
        
           | KingOfCoders wrote:
           | It's basically the same with the GDPR, it talks more about
           | principles than companies or technologies to be able to adapt
           | to a fast changing field - which I appreciate as a citizen
           | but as an implementor I prefer the checklists of PCIDSS which
           | are not vague.
        
           | RHSeeger wrote:
           | The fact that the government routinely threatens to "throw
           | the book" at people, using various "vaguely worded" laws, to
           | get them to plead guilty to crimes they may or may not have
           | committed (without their time in court) is a prime reason why
           | those laws are bad.
           | 
           | > We believe you had drugs on you, even though we couldn't
           | find them. We also see you play World of Warcraft and that
           | you're used the in game auction house to sell your items for
           | in game money to other players. If you don't please guilty to
           | the drug charge, we're going to hit you with 1,000+ counts of
           | of violations of the IBCSP (or whatever this law is called);
           | you'd be looking at 1,000 years in prison and a 1,000,0000$
           | fine, minimum.
           | 
           | The US government _does_ things like that. And, as such
           | (because they have shown they cannot be trusted to act in the
           | spirit of the law), we need to limit what powers we give
           | them. I find it astonishing that anyone doesn't realize this.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | The most booming business in crypto is the new category of
         | organized crime.
         | 
         | There are a lot of positive or interesting aspects to crypto,
         | but the prevalence of tax evasion, money laundering and grifts
         | of varying scale dominates the conversation. Regulation is
         | inevitable.
        
         | colechristensen wrote:
         | Is it really a privacy disaster? Blockchain is already a
         | privacy disaster as all of your transactions are on a public
         | ledger.
         | 
         | It just puts a nail in the coffin of the idea that blockchain
         | is going to be some libertarian dream of freedom from
         | regulation and a magic bullet for getting around rules. Of
         | course this was coming.
        
         | heliodor wrote:
         | If you're going to quote the article, please mark it as such.
        
         | Rd6n6 wrote:
         | > include anyone who is "responsible for and regularly
         | providing any service effectuating transfers of digital assets"
         | 
         | Does that include PDFs, audio books, software, and photos? Web
         | apps or plugins? "Asset" is monstrously vague.
         | 
         | Does Drivethrurpg have to worry about this?
        
           | meragrin_ wrote:
           | My first thought were in game assets.
        
         | shanebrunette wrote:
         | Founder of cryptotaxcalculator.io here. First of all I agree
         | the proposed rules aren't particularly well thought out. The
         | thing is, the 1099 forms that the IRS gets from existing
         | brokers don't make any sense because as soon as you move funds
         | between exchanges the broker can no longer accurately track the
         | cost basis. Pre-crypto you generally wouldn't have this
         | problem. From a tax compliance perspective it is an absolute
         | nightmare, and I am sure this is just an ill thought out
         | attempt at trying to make their lives easier. Probably not the
         | best way to go about it though. There is a lot to solve in this
         | space.
        
           | dcolkitt wrote:
           | One of the underlying problems is that the capital gains tax
           | code itself is designed for a world from a pre-financialized,
           | pre-electronic world from the 1950s. The idea that someone
           | might trade in and out of positions within milliseconds,
           | possibly using complex derivatives or sophisticated leveraged
           | is completely absent from the code. There's nothing in the
           | code that addresses even how to treat trades that are done in
           | the same day. Wash sale rules are literally non-determinable
           | for high frequency traders. There's no guidance whatsoever on
           | when and how derivatives are rolled against the a position in
           | the underlying.
           | 
           | I run a HFT operation, and just computing my US tax returns
           | required thousands of lines of code of custom software. And
           | then to actually file it, I print off a PDF, thousands of
           | pages long of each and every individual trade. Not a CSV, not
           | a data file, literally a printout. As if some IRS accountant
           | is going to manually go through millions of rows line by line
           | with an adding machine.
        
             | bequanna wrote:
             | Ha, I always wondered what HFT tax returns looked like.
             | 
             | Of course, the IRS cannot and will not check every
             | transaction. But I do wonder if they actually verify some
             | subset of the reported transactions, or would this only
             | happen in an audit?
        
               | dcolkitt wrote:
               | Luckily, never had to go through an audit yet. But spot
               | checking a subset of transactions isn't actually
               | workable. Because of the wash sale rule, the adjusted
               | basis on any single transaction is path dependent on both
               | the previous and future trades in that symbol.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | freeone3000 wrote:
           | This is also true of stocks transferred between brokerages --
           | it's supposed to be transfered with. If it's not, there's a
           | correction line on the 1099 with a space for accurate cost
           | basis info, and you'd provide the original purchase receipt
           | as an attachment. There might be issues in the space, but
           | cost basis on a transferred equity isn't one of them.
        
             | NickM wrote:
             | Yes, this is correct. The technical term for this is an
             | "in-kind" transfer, and while it might occasionally allow
             | for things to slip through the cracks, it certainly hasn't
             | stopped capital gain reporting requirements from being both
             | feasible and largely effective.
        
         | christophilus wrote:
         | > responsible for and regularly providing any service
         | effectuating transfers of digital assets
         | 
         | Do they define digital assets? Because my Google Doc is a
         | digital asset. If I transfer it to a friend, is Google now a
         | broker?
        
           | Communitivity wrote:
           | I would suspect that under the current proposed wording, yes.
           | Facebook, Google, etc. all become brokers. This could be a
           | means for the government to go after social platforms and get
           | transparent vies on all the social media activities of U.S.
           | citizens. It is scary.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | verdverm wrote:
       | It's hard to take the EFF seriously with their word choices of
       | late
        
         | xunn0026 wrote:
         | I have just read the article and the title is spot on. It's a
         | digital law hidden in a law about highways and it is a privacy
         | and regulatory disaster.
        
           | IfOnlyYouKnew wrote:
           | It's not a "digital law", because I have no idea what that's
           | supposed to mean.
           | 
           | It's not "hidden". It's part of a law. Same font size as the
           | rest. Everyone newspaper is writing about it.
           | 
           | The law isn't about "highways". It's about infrastructure.
           | And these provisions, specifically, are one of the attempts
           | to raise the funds financing the investments specified in
           | that law.
        
           | verdverm wrote:
           | I read the article and was referring to the use of words in
           | the body like "surveillance" for a one time collection of
           | required KYC information.
           | 
           | It has more "thrilling" words as well.
           | 
           | But generally, over the years the EFF has lost my support and
           | is viewed as yet another fringe voice with eccentric
           | overtones.
        
           | chrisco255 wrote:
           | I believe crypto industry lobbyists got concessions on this
           | earlier today, but I could be wrong.
           | 
           | I wish there was a way to restrict these massive catch all
           | bills that include everything in one package so that it's
           | impossible to debate on a case by case basis.
        
             | dannyw wrote:
             | Link/source to your first claim?
        
               | chrisco255 wrote:
               | Reddit link, but sources included here: https://www.reddi
               | t.com/r/ethfinance/comments/owtmn1/cryptocu...
        
               | flyingfences wrote:
               | The "concessions" are the wording included in the OP. It
               | used to be even worse.
        
       | henearkr wrote:
       | I usually side with the EFF, but here going at total war against
       | cryptocurrencies seems right to me.
       | 
       | I don't see any scientific or technological application that
       | could benefit humanity and would be developed from blockchain
       | technology.
       | 
       | I tried very hard to figure out uses for the hash machines once
       | the cryptocurrencies will disappear, but sadly I could think of
       | none. All of this silicon, these PCBs, will just be junk.
        
         | jl2718 wrote:
         | What you are observing is the ugly opportunism of this war, and
         | it is a war, between systems that are controlled by powerful
         | people, and systems that are controlled by algorithms.
         | 
         | This is not a new conflict. Democracy was an algorithmic
         | victory until powerful people learned to subvert it. So too was
         | religion, money, laws etc. This is how civilization advances.
         | Cryptocurrency is a pure thing, an algorithmic method of
         | storage, control and distribution of value, that came about
         | because the old ways were failing.
         | 
         | Now the old powers are fighting back. It's important to realize
         | that this is the only reason that cryptocurrency has any
         | speculative value at all.
         | 
         | If the treasury / federal reserve had seen bitcoin and adopted
         | a protocol for algorithmic control of the money supply, and a
         | safer wallet for dollar holders, then Bitcoin would have zero
         | value, and the Silk Road would never have happened. If they had
         | seen ethereum, and adopted smart contracts to replace the
         | opaque banking and investment industry, then Ethereum would
         | have zero value, and the iron finance rug pull would never have
         | happened.
         | 
         | This is not about revenue; the treasury balance is overflowing.
         | It's not about keeping us safe; violent crime is nowhere on the
         | agenda. It's not consumer protection; the SEC refuses to ever
         | go after the many VC-backed mega rug pulls pushed on retail
         | investors as utility tokens. This is simply about power.
         | They're not afraid of scammers and criminals. They're afraid of
         | people like you shifting anger from the obvious canards to the
         | bigger picture.
         | 
         | They're not out to destroy cryptocurrency either. They want to
         | control it so that they can keep siphoning money out out of
         | people trying to mitigate the problems that their own monetary
         | policy caused, just like 401k of the 90s. I say this to point
         | out that you will not get what you want out of this. It will
         | just become a bigger scam on everybody, established and
         | protected by the full force of the law.
         | 
         | I wonder who it is exactly that you think is looking out for
         | you in all of this.
        
         | LatteLazy wrote:
         | I am sympathetic, I don't see much use for them. But...
         | 
         | Just because you or I don't see the use case doesn't mean
         | something should be illegal or that we should go to war with
         | it.
         | 
         | We've made this mistake before (prohibition, the war on drugs).
         | If people want to waste their time/money on X, that's on them.
        
         | snarf21 wrote:
         | Agreed, there is zero use cases outside of currency and
         | unfortunately, most of the currencies are little more than
         | gambling, pump/dump and pyramid schemes. The cryptos always
         | crow about it being so censorship resistant. I guess we'll see
         | how resistant it really is.
        
         | robot_no_419 wrote:
         | "I don't see any scientific or technological application that
         | could benefit humanity and would be developed from blockchain
         | technology."
         | 
         | Cool, but there are plenty of financial, economic, and
         | political applications of blockchain that will benefit
         | humanity. Just because you don't understand the use case
         | doesn't mean it doesn't have one.
        
           | henearkr wrote:
           | It's not that I don't understand the use case.
           | 
           | It's that the current use cases can be either replaced by
           | preexisting less compute-intensive tech, or that the usage is
           | just meaningless (gambling-like speculation, failed attempt
           | at anonymity, tax avoidance, etc).
           | 
           | However my comment is as well a call to everybody to think
           | about it!
           | 
           | I know I'm not very brilliant, so if anybody can do a favor
           | to the world and find out something interesting, I'd be
           | extremely happy :)
        
             | robot_no_419 wrote:
             | "It's that the current use cases can be either replaced by
             | preexisting less compute-intensive tech, or that the usage
             | is just meaningless (gambling-like speculation, failed
             | attempt at anonymity, tax avoidance, etc)."
             | 
             | The fact that you've binned all the usage into the
             | "meaningless" category means you don't understand the use
             | case at all. It's an alternative to the current hegemonic
             | global financial system centrally controlled by the USA.
             | You might think it's useless but plenty of people disagree
             | and are using it in a meaningful way.
             | 
             | You put on a facade of humility and objectivity but your
             | bias against cryptocurrency is pretty blatant.
        
               | henearkr wrote:
               | People are burning coal to mine virtual coins, so yes I
               | am biased against that until I see any real benefit.
               | 
               | Can you call this biased?
               | 
               | And what you call financial hegemony is only the
               | corollary of the commercial interconnection between
               | world's countries, and the fact that the USA manage the
               | biggest lender bank ever (the IMF). That would still be
               | the same using a BTC-based IMF.
        
               | robot_no_419 wrote:
               | You come off as rather disingenuous in your way of
               | conversation; pretending on one hand that you don't
               | really know that much or have an opinion but in reality,
               | it's something you've done a considerable amount of
               | research in and have a strong opinion on. It's almost
               | like you're a honeypot encouraging people to argue with
               | you. It screams bad faith discussion and I just don't
               | like it. Be honest in who you are, what you know, and
               | what you stand for.
               | 
               | PS: There would be no BTC-based IMF, just like there's no
               | gold-based IMF. That's literally the whole point of
               | Bitcoin - decentralized finance with no need for an
               | _International_ _Monetary_ _Fund_ regulating its monetary
               | policy.
        
               | henearkr wrote:
               | You misunderstand.
               | 
               | What I honestly don't know is if there exist useful
               | algorithms making usage of all these hashes produced by
               | BTC-mining machines.
               | 
               | It's a very precise challenge. And it could change the
               | face of the industry. I'm for real.
               | 
               | For example, any possible usage in mathematics? Or maybe
               | in physics, by switching in a different space to perform
               | the calculations? I'm just throwing ideas.
               | 
               | Figure a world where you cannot use these machines for
               | BTC anymore, because "regulations". Then, what do you do
               | with them? Throw them? What a waste!
               | 
               | Now you understand my point?
        
               | robot_no_419 wrote:
               | I'd say that the cryptography and computer science field
               | as a whole have tremendously benefitted from
               | cryptocurrency indirectly. It has led to numerous new
               | cryptographic protocols that are being used outside of
               | blockchain. POW is an effective tool being used by
               | websites to fight DDOS attacks and spam. Zero knowledge
               | proofs that were originally designed for Proof of stake
               | are being used for credit cards. Internet security is
               | being reworked from scratch to address the many security
               | issues that blockchain has uncovered.
               | 
               | It's been hugely beneficial for science from a
               | theoretical and academic POV. Just like space exploration
               | has no obvious benefits but fertilizes the field of
               | engineering with new technology, cryptocurrency is
               | currently doing the same to Computer Science.
               | 
               | And E-waste is a huge problem in general, it's not
               | specific to bitcoin. Online gaming with powerful GPUs has
               | zero benefit to society and also generates lots of
               | useless energy consumption and e-waste. Why don't we
               | brick all of the playstations instead of a whole
               | financial ecosystem?
        
         | dogman144 wrote:
         | > I don't see any scientific or technological application that
         | could benefit humanity and would be developed from blockchain
         | technology.
         | 
         | Assuming you work in tech, you must be aware how similar
         | attitudes existed (within tech, as well) about what the
         | internet itself would provide.
         | 
         | How are you so certain that:
         | 
         | A) you understand all the possible directions a new, network-
         | effect driven tech could take in its applications
         | 
         | B) none of them add value to humanity
         | 
         | C) there are no parallels in your statement to "well horses
         | work fine, why do I need cars."
        
           | henearkr wrote:
           | As I said, I hoped I could think of some use for these hash
           | machines. Same for the blockchain tech itself, i.e. some
           | usage that would not be completely replaceable by some less
           | compute-intensive tech.
           | 
           | I honestly hope those usages exist. I really do. But now I
           | don't think they do.
           | 
           | But, frankly, even for Internet itself everybody could see
           | the benefit quite early.
           | 
           | Anyway, if you do find interesting uses that are not
           | replaceable by simpler things, you would save a lot of
           | garbage!! And thus would do a favor to the environment.
           | 
           | So yeah I hope I'm wrong.
        
             | dogman144 wrote:
             | A Classic quote from Paul Krugam indicates that quite a few
             | smart folks, so not everybody, did not see the internet's
             | benefit quite early or even much later.
        
               | henearkr wrote:
               | Internet was already useful very early to transfer
               | physics experiment data between labs (at the CERN).
        
         | goatmeal wrote:
         | when I visit a church, they ask everyone for a little money so
         | they can keep the lights on and do interesting things once in a
         | while. nobody expects the church to KYC everyone who puts a
         | dollar in the collection plate. why should that be any
         | different if the meeting takes place on a website about
         | something other than religion? I donate cryptocurrency to
         | forums and microblogging services to help them keep the lights
         | on. we should be treated the same even if we don't believe in
         | god. the owner does not need to ask for permission from anybody
         | or depend on an intermediary to accept the money and they do
         | not need my information. if you don't see why this is of
         | benefit to someone then I suggest you try to operate a forum
         | and go through the trouble to make ends meet.
        
           | henearkr wrote:
           | (Almost) everybody do it with PayPal, Patreon, etc.
           | 
           | I understand that you feel uneasy to theoretically depend on
           | these companies, even if in practice you encounter no real
           | difficulty.
           | 
           | Your fear is unnecessary... unless you do things really frown
           | upon. Even porn and sex services are successfully using some
           | of the online services I quoted above.
           | 
           | For hitmen and substances I don't really know, but those are
           | _really_ frown upon.
        
         | dcolkitt wrote:
         | > I don't see any scientific or technological application
         | 
         | That's a defensible position. But how does that justify the
         | government going to "total war". There are plenty of things
         | that have no scientific or technological application. Reality
         | TV, social media, fashion, nightclubs, sports, bakeries, those
         | stupid outfits people dress pets up in.
         | 
         | At what point did people stop saying "it's a free country"? So
         | you don't like some thing and don't see much merit in it. At
         | what point did people's knee-jerk response to that change from
         | "not my cup of tea, but you do you, man" to "that thing is
         | completely worthless, everyone who likes it must be an idiot,
         | and therefore the government should abolish it"
        
           | henearkr wrote:
           | Well, you're right, my comment actually lacks of the spelling
           | out of the negative part of this technology!!
           | 
           | As the usefulness is very doubtful but the energy consumption
           | is utterly real, that is a net negative for the environment.
           | 
           | The electronic garbage, too, a huge problem.
        
             | dcolkitt wrote:
             | I actually agree with you! PoW (proof-of-work) coins
             | produce a big negative externality. That being said
             | Ethereum is migrating to a PoS (proof-of-stake) system by
             | year end that virtually eliminates all the problems you
             | enumerate.
             | 
             | Even if you believe in a policy response, wouldn't you
             | agree that it'd be better specifically target proof-of-work
             | blockchains rather than crypto in general? Ironically this
             | bill may actually do the opposite. It places a much higher
             | burden of DeFi and stablecoins, which are mostly Ethereum
             | native. It will probably shift usage to large centralized
             | exchanges, which generally favors PoW based Bitcoin.
        
               | henearkr wrote:
               | Well, a finer policy would probably be better, I agree.
               | 
               | But, in this case, even if the loss of a beautiful peace
               | of engineering is always a pity (but it is not even lost,
               | because the source code itself has no reason to be
               | forbidden!), I don't see really what is the loss for the
               | world.
               | 
               | As I said in another comment, if you use a VPN, you can
               | access preexisting online banking like PayPal, and to it
               | while escaping surveillance and censure from any
               | dictatorship you live in.
               | 
               | So e.g. if you reimplement whatever usage you found for
               | some Ethereum contracts, in a non-blockchain technology,
               | then you can just access it through VPNs whenever that
               | becomes necessary.
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | Maybe they could sell the GPUs to gamers who are desperate for
         | even 3 year old cards.
        
         | tromp wrote:
         | > the hash machines
         | 
         | Not all PoW is hash based. Some, like Cuckatoo Cycle [1], are
         | based on writing and reading random bits within hundreds of MB
         | of memory, and ASICs for such PoW are dominated by SRAM, which
         | can in principle be repurposed.
         | 
         | [1] https://github.com/tromp/cuckoo
        
           | henearkr wrote:
           | Also PoS. Those are the grey area where I don't have as much
           | strong opinions anymore.
           | 
           | As they are less compute-intensive, the benefit is more
           | likely.
        
         | nprz wrote:
         | > I don't see any scientific or technological application that
         | could benefit humanity and would be developed from blockchain
         | technology.
         | 
         | Bitcoin is helping humanity right now as I type. There are
         | millions who live under authoritative regimes that do not have
         | access to banking services. Bitcoin gives anybody with an
         | internet connection the ability to hold, save, and transfer
         | value. You are condemning something you do not understand.
         | Bitcoin is a technology that improves human rights.
         | 
         | https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/jul/31/out-of-co...
        
           | henearkr wrote:
           | (Bitcoin is no currency...)
           | 
           | I put it bluntly sorry, but to be more explicit:
           | 
           | because of its volatility, BTC is very difficult to adopt for
           | real transactions.
           | 
           | Also, with a simple VPN, you access PayPal and you're good to
           | go.
           | 
           | I'd argue that the real tech saving the world right now is
           | the VPN.
           | 
           | Even to use BTC somehow you will need VPN, because those
           | dictatorships will block the IPs.
        
             | nprz wrote:
             | > The dollar volume of crypto received by users in Nigeria
             | in May was $2.4bn, up from $684m last December, according
             | to blockchain research firm Chainalysis. And the true scale
             | of crypto flows through Africa's largest economy is likely
             | to be much larger, with many trades untraceable by
             | analysts.
             | 
             | Over $2.4bn in value transferred, but you're telling me no
             | one is using it? Transfer in BTC and convert to a stable
             | coin if you're worried about volatility. Also Nigeria's
             | currency, the naira has a 12% inflation rate. I'm not sure
             | holding BTC is more of a risk than a currency that's
             | guaranteed to lose 12% of its value each year.
             | 
             | A VPN will not protect you if PayPal decides to freeze your
             | account. It will also not hide any of your transactions
             | from PayPal.
        
               | henearkr wrote:
               | Nothing hints at a usage "as a currency" from Nigerian
               | users.
               | 
               | Most likely, those are scammers of other illegal
               | activities and they hoard as much as possible of BTC
               | without really caring how much exactly it amounts to.
               | 
               | Also Nigeria is not an oppressive regime.
               | 
               | Edited: ok it's oppressive. However it's still somehow a
               | democracy (with all the constraints of an islamic
               | democracy).
               | 
               | PayPal has competitors, so they will be more than happy
               | to take you as a customer if PayPal banned you.
        
               | nprz wrote:
               | Read the article linked above and I think it will be
               | difficult to resist the conclusion that Nigeria is an
               | oppressive regime. There's even a wikipedia page
               | dedicated to documenting human right abuses in Nigeria:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Nigeria
               | 
               | > Last October, Nigeria was rocked by the largest
               | protests in decades, as many thousands marched against
               | police brutality, and the infamous Sars police unit. The
               | "EndSars" protests saw abuses by security forces, who
               | beat demonstrators, and used water cannon and teargas on
               | them. More than 50 protesters were killed, at least 12 of
               | them shot dead at the Lekki tollgate in Lagos on 20
               | October
               | 
               | > The clampdown was financial too. Civil society
               | organisations, protest groups and individuals in favour
               | of the demonstrations who were raising funds to free
               | protesters or supply demonstrators with first aid and
               | food had their bank accounts suddenly suspended.
               | 
               | > Feminist Coalition, a collective of 13 young women
               | founded during the demonstrations, came to national
               | attention as they raised funds for protest groups and
               | supported demonstration efforts. When the women's
               | accounts were also suspended, the group began taking
               | bitcoin donations, eventually raising $150,000 for its
               | fighting fund through cryptocurrency.
               | 
               | > Jack Dorsey, the founder of Twitter and a prominent
               | advocate of cryptocurrencies, reshared the FemCo bitcoin
               | donation page, further drawing the ire of Nigeria's
               | government, which last month suspended Twitter in
               | Nigeria.
        
               | henearkr wrote:
               | Actually I do.
               | 
               | I edited my comment though to reflect that, yes they are
               | oppressive as they do shadowy things with the police and
               | kill people. There is probably a mix of maybe-
               | unregrettable (killing dangerous religious extremists
               | political opponents) and regrettable (killing anti-islam
               | feminists) events.
               | 
               | Nigeria is an extremely violent society. Think Mexico.
               | 
               | So police violence, if regrettable, is pretty much a
               | corollary.
               | 
               | Sorry but it does not seem weird to you, that among all
               | the dictatorships on Earth, only the scammers' paradise
               | Nigeria has adopted cryptocurrencies at a large scale?
               | Why not Cuba?
               | 
               | About feminist activism: okay but then what about in
               | other muslim countries, where the problem is similar? Why
               | is it in Nigeria that the adoption is so big?
               | 
               | My point is that these citizen organizations could have
               | just used VPN+PayPal very easily for their activism, but
               | it's because BTC was already mainstream among the
               | omnipresent scam businesses, that they had the idea to
               | try.
        
               | nprz wrote:
               | Cubans do use bitcoin: https://www.coindesk.com/cuba-
               | protests-bitcoin-donations
               | 
               | It doesn't matter if you use VPN with your paypal
               | account, you can still be locked out of your account and
               | your funds frozen. This is not true of bitcoin. No one
               | can freeze your bitcoin, no one can prevent transfer.
        
               | henearkr wrote:
               | The usage by Cubans is completely dwarfed by the one by
               | Nigerians. The population size can probably explain it
               | partly, but I don't think it's sufficient.
               | 
               | But most people depend on platforms to use BTC, so it's
               | the same problem as with PayPal.
               | 
               | Also when I say PayPal, think "all PayPal-like services",
               | including all the competitors.
               | 
               | In the cases where users were banned, PayPal did not
               | prevent them from migrating their funds to others forms,
               | so it's not really freezing.
               | 
               | Let's take China instead of Cuba because there are more
               | data. In January 2021, Nigeria made 32% of BTC exchanges,
               | whereas China only 7%. That shows you there is really
               | some effect independent from the population size and from
               | the nature of the political regime.
        
         | api wrote:
         | It's precisely when people feel this way about things that
         | large chunks of our civil liberties are forfeit.
         | 
         | Precedents: the war on drugs, crusades against porn, alcohol
         | prohibition, the war on terror, mandatory minimum sentencing,
         | etc.
         | 
         | It's a lynch mob mentality writ large and allows reckless
         | legislators and police to gallop right over all kinds of civil
         | boundaries that very much exist for a reason.
         | 
         | A much narrower set of solutions could address your concerns: a
         | tax on proof of work mining, a ban on the sale of hardware
         | whose sole purpose is cryptocurrency mining, or a ban on
         | domestic exchanges converting money to/from cryptocurrencies
         | that use high-resource proof of work mechanisms.
         | 
         | I see no reason to ban proof of stake or other consensus
         | mechanism cryptocurrencies, and stepping up enforcement of
         | existing KYC/AML regulations would help fight money laundering.
         | 
         | I also must point out that real estate, sham art auctions, sham
         | investments and businesses, and numerous other mechanisms
         | collectively account for the vast bulk of all money laundering.
         | Cryptocurrency is a niche player. It's also a niche player in
         | the street drug market where the vast majority of transactions
         | use physical cash.
         | 
         | As far as bubbles and speculative manias go... it's legal for
         | an adult to buy a lotto ticket (that is run by the state!) or
         | go to a casino (permitted and regulated by the state). This is
         | no worse. I might support raising taxes on short term
         | speculative sorts of financial games, but those would also need
         | to be applied to high frequency trading and speculative games
         | run by hedge funds in conventional markets. Those are much
         | larger than anything in crypto.
         | 
         | I say all this as a mostly cryptocurrency skeptic.
        
           | arrosenberg wrote:
           | You can't compare bitcoin to porn, gambling, drugs and
           | alcohol. Bitcoin is the only one that doesn't affect dopamine
           | levels in the brain, and that virtually no one would seek out
           | if it was suddenly illegal.
        
             | henearkr wrote:
             | Well, a huge lot of people make usage of bitcoin like it is
             | gambling (i.e. as a speculative asset).
             | 
             | Cannot make generalities of course, but still.
        
       | phase5 wrote:
       | There is a newer more comprehensive one which is worse for
       | privacy https://www.coindesk.com/new-crypto-bill-in-us-congress-
       | is-t...
        
       | oliwarner wrote:
       | Isn't this _just_ an attempt to bring crypto in line with
       | existing money-laundering rules? Don 't $10k+ money movements
       | already trigger IRS notifications?
       | 
       | I know that's a bit whatabouttery but if we want to legitimise
       | blockchain payments, we have to do more to kick organised crime
       | and tax evaders out. Pretending that absolute privacy is always
       | best is a criminal wet dream.
       | 
       |  _Waves goodbye to his karma_
        
         | davidcbc wrote:
         | The vast majority of cryptocurrency advocates are speculators
         | that don't want to legitimize blockchain payments, they only
         | want the number to go up. Criminal activity has been shown over
         | and over to be the only "legitimate" use case of
         | cryptocurrency, so if you eliminate that the number might go
         | down.
        
           | jl2718 wrote:
           | I'm sure you are speaking for yourself here with such
           | authority.
        
       | dylkil wrote:
       | Why is hacker news so salty about cryptocurrency
        
         | rantwasp wrote:
         | I think it's a classic example of myopically focusing on some
         | aspects of a technology while missing the entire point.
         | 
         | You'll hear about net benefits to society (like those are easy
         | to measure), about power consumption (like all if a sudden
         | everyone is an arbiter of the market and decided: too much
         | power), about how it's a ponzi scheme (without understanding
         | what a ponzi scheme is). All talking point of the anti-
         | cryptocurrency agenda.
         | 
         | Curious to see how/if this changes in the next 5-10 years.
        
         | robot_no_419 wrote:
         | Lots of tech nerds are upset that they understand technology
         | but not finance and economics.
        
         | grumblenum wrote:
         | The allure of becoming a billionaire with almost no productive
         | effort spent is the heart and soul of the pop-tech. Crypto that
         | you have becomes more valuable only if more people decide they
         | want it _after_ you have your position. If you 're "hodling"
         | then you have an incentive to be a promoter.
        
         | Sargos wrote:
         | HN folks on the iPod: "No wireless. Less space than a Nomad.
         | Lame."
         | 
         | Tech forums have always been fairly anti-technology and dislike
         | anything new until the rest of society fully adopts it.
        
         | MelonTree wrote:
         | HN tends to be very skeptical in general. It's easy to sound
         | intelligent with a well-reasoned negative opinion than it is
         | with an optimistic one. I think with cryptocurrency in
         | particular a lot of HN'ers have really just dug their heals in
         | and don't want to admit they were wrong.
        
         | colinmhayes wrote:
         | Cryptocurrency is currently causing more harm to society than
         | good. PoW is a large reason for that, but even PoS will have
         | huge negative impacts as it is mostly used for speculating and
         | illegal activity. It doesn't solve any problems other than ones
         | that are better solved by VPNs.
        
           | rantwasp wrote:
           | Okay. Let's play the: X is causing more harm to society than
           | good.
           | 
           | X=guns Are guns causing more harm than good? Should we ban
           | guns?
           | 
           | X=religion. Is religion causing more harm than good? Should
           | we ban any form of religion?
           | 
           | X=social media. Is social media causing more harm than good?
           | I heard Facebook consumes more power than the entire state of
           | Argentina! Should we ban Facebook?
           | 
           | X=USD the dollar. 95% of criminal activity uses USD. 95%!
           | It's clear to me that if no dollar we could prevent a lot of
           | criminal activity. Should we ban the USD?
           | 
           | X=VPNs Used to circumvent local laws!!! Are the causing more
           | harm than good? Ban VPNs you say?
        
             | colinmhayes wrote:
             | > Are guns causing more harm than good?
             | 
             | Guns have a propensity to do a lot of good, if they were
             | sanely regulated they could easily do more good than harm.
             | 
             | >Is religion causing more harm than good?
             | 
             | Hard to say, religion does a lot of good. Keeping people
             | scared of god is an incredibly strong motivator for many,
             | and most of what religion prescribes is good. I wouldn't
             | mind taxing religion, but it's unconstitutional.
             | 
             | >Is social media causing more harm than good?
             | 
             | I think the answer here is clearly no. Yes, social media
             | causes harm, but it causes much more joy.
             | 
             | >The Dollar
             | 
             | I understand that you're joking here but the amount of good
             | the dollar does so clearly surpasses the harm its illicit
             | use cause that I don't find this very funny.
             | 
             | Anyway, no one is trying to ban cryptocurrency.
        
               | rantwasp wrote:
               | Guns do a lot of good? I'm sorry we're probably living in
               | different universes. In my, I see school shootings after
               | school shooting with lots of thoughts and prayers
               | sprinkled in between. It's the best
               | guns+religion==winning!
               | 
               | > no one is trying to ban crypto no one is trying to ban
               | it yet. I'm giving it 5 years until it's outright banned.
               | 
               | Also, if you cripple something to the point where it's
               | unusable it's virtually the same as banning it.
        
               | dylkil wrote:
               | >I understand that you're joking here but the amount of
               | good the dollar does so clearly surpasses the harm
               | 
               | This is the problem with your view of crypto, you fail to
               | see the good
        
               | colinmhayes wrote:
               | Crypto is not an effective currency. Currencies need 3
               | things to be effective: store of value, unit of account,
               | and medium of exchange. Crypto fails at storing value and
               | being a medium of exchange. It's value is completely
               | unpredictable and transferring it is slow, costly, and
               | annoying. Many of these problems could conceivably be
               | solved, but without government backing crypto will never
               | be a good store of value, as macro economic policy is
               | required to keep currencies stable.
        
               | dylkil wrote:
               | Crypto is more than currency at this stage, you argument
               | solely applies to bitcoin.
        
               | rantwasp wrote:
               | You're being selective.
               | 
               | Crypto transfers are slow? jesus, did tou ever do a wire?
               | have you seen moving something take days? compared to
               | that minutes is instant.
               | 
               | You're gonna tell me about CC processing next. Hate to
               | break it to you but when you're paying with a CC you're
               | not actually paying. An auth happens but the real payment
               | happens when the transaction is settled (days later). So:
               | days vs minutes in BTC case. wow, crypto sooo slow.
               | 
               | Macro economic policy? Oh yeah. That is working really
               | really well. The government working to protect you.
        
           | lawn wrote:
           | So a VPN will allow me to send money anywhere I choose? To
           | accept payments without the risk of a third party arbitrarily
           | shutting me down? To send donations to WikiLeaks while the US
           | government forces payment processors and banks to abandon
           | them?
           | 
           | No, of course not.
        
       | eingaeKaiy8ujie wrote:
       | Why do we allow some clueless, incompetent old dicks to make laws
       | like this? Governments are too powerful. This system has to
       | change. The role of a government has to be reduced to a minimum.
       | 
       | Hopefully we'll get there in the next 200-300 years.
        
         | chrisan wrote:
         | because more people vote for them
        
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