[HN Gopher] The UK's delta surge is collapsing
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The UK's delta surge is collapsing
        
       Author : donohoe
       Score  : 146 points
       Date   : 2021-08-02 13:22 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (nymag.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (nymag.com)
        
       | arbuge wrote:
       | Most news articles I see focus solely on the number of vaccinated
       | people when estimating how far away countries are from herd
       | immunity, which seems odd to me. Left out in the discussion seem
       | to be the unvaccinated but already infected. As far as I know,
       | prior infection confers at least some degree of immunity.
       | 
       | It may also be the case that those inclined to be skeptical of
       | vaccines were also the ones who exposed themselves to infection
       | most during the pandemic, through disdain for social distancing,
       | mask-wearing, etc. In other words those still unvaccinated in
       | Western countries with easy access to vaccines have a pretty good
       | chance of having been infected by now.
       | 
       | Adding those two populations together would seem to indicate that
       | most Western populations are already at herd immunity by this
       | point, which would mean that these surges can be reasonably
       | expected to become smaller and smaller. Unless of course some
       | totally new variant capable of evading all existing vaccines and
       | immunity from prior infection emerges.
        
         | stefan_ wrote:
         | This is an exposition on Dunning Kruger. What is it going to
         | be, herd immunity or surges? Can't be both.
        
         | nostrademons wrote:
         | The herd immunity threshold changed with Delta, which I've
         | heard has an R0 of 8-10 (compare 3.5-4.5 for the UK Alpha
         | variant, and about 2.5 for the original strain). Instead of 60%
         | vaccination, you'd need 90%, and will likely overshoot that.
         | 
         | It wouldn't surprise me if the UK's cases are now dropping
         | because they reached that threshold, but I doubt the US is
         | there now. Probably Delta will blow through literally _all_ the
         | remaining unvaccinated people and that 'll be the last surge,
         | at least unless we get a vaccine-resistant strain.
        
           | adventured wrote:
           | > It wouldn't surprise me if the UK's cases are now dropping
           | because they reached that threshold, but I doubt the US is
           | there now.
           | 
           | Given the enormous US Covid outbreak, the US is likely not
           | far away. We're at 70% adult vaccination and had a minimum of
           | 100 million prior Covid infections. Also throw in tens of
           | millions of people that likely have natural immunity to
           | Covid.
           | 
           | The biggest question with Delta is going to be the matter of
           | repeat infections and how long the vaccines, the vaccines +
           | prior infections, and prior infections (without vaccination)
           | all hold up against it. To say nothing of what variations
           | will follow next after Delta. Is there actually herd immunity
           | to be found with Delta, or will people just keep getting
           | variations of Covid from here forward. I don't believe there
           | will be herd immunity for any nations, there will just be far
           | lower mortality rates due to prior virus exposure and the
           | vaccines. Some non-trivial % of the vaccinated population
           | will continue to get Covid. If there was a chance to squash
           | Covid with the early strain via herd immunity, those days are
           | very long gone.
           | 
           | The great lie still being persisted for the benefit of the
           | agitated public, is that Covid is going to go away courtesy
           | of vaccinations. The authorities have pitched that to the
           | public from the early days of the vaccines to try to max out
           | the vaccination rates. Do this and Covid goes away. The
           | vaccines are never going to stop Covid, they're going to
           | continue to dramatically reduce the mortality rates (which is
           | critical, however the public still doesn't widely grasp the
           | reality of the forever Covid future yet).
        
             | nostrademons wrote:
             | U.S. is only at 50% fully-vaccinated, with several states
             | in the high 30s to 40s. I could believe 70% with at least
             | one shot but haven't seen any statistics to that effect; it
             | doesn't matter much since Delta is still pretty dangerous
             | to partially-vaccinated people. We had 35M recorded COVID
             | cases; I'd believe about a 2:1 undercount, so about 70M
             | total cases (~22%). Vaccines + previous cases was likely
             | past herd immunity _for the original variant_ (hence why
             | cases dropped dramatically after vaccines came out), but
             | with Delta 's increased herd immunity threshold we should
             | expect another 50-70M cases within the next few weeks.
        
             | newacct583 wrote:
             | > The great lie still [...] is that Covid is going to go
             | away courtesy of vaccinations. The authorities have pitched
             | that to the public from the early days of the vaccines
             | 
             | That is (1) outrageously hyperbolized and (2) completely
             | wrong. Delta wasn't known to have this level of
             | transmissibility until the _last three weeks_. People,
             | experts, doctors,  "authorities", whatever, you want to
             | label them 100% believed sincerely that we were on a path
             | to the elimination of the outbreak.
             | 
             | Cut the bullshit, basically. Yeah, yeah, I know it's HN and
             | everyone wants to think they're smarter than everyone else.
             | But you aren't. You're retconning brand new science to make
             | prior understanding into a "big lie". That's really awful.
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | If the forever-COVID reality for 95+% of the population is
             | "you really, really ought to get that annual booster shot"
             | (instead of "get the flu shot iff it's convenient"), that's
             | not actually so terrible.
             | 
             | If it becomes century-long endemic in the population, kids
             | are exposed to it, likely creating a productive exposure-
             | related immune reaction until they're old enough to get an
             | mRNA vaccine.
        
               | adventured wrote:
               | Definitely. I don't think it's terrible at all given the
               | alternative is tens or hundreds of thousands of
               | additional people dying from Covid per year in the US. I
               | guess we'll soon see the extent to which the public can
               | be convinced to get booster shots every year. The
               | governments of the world will have their jobs cut out for
               | them, there will be a lot of resistance to forever Covid
               | vaccinations as time goes on (and very lucrative for big
               | pharma; Pfizer, BioNTech and Moderna are going to make a
               | stupid amount of money over the next few years).
               | 
               | What will be interesting to find out in the near future,
               | is if high vaccination rates + prior infections reduce
               | Covid deaths below, say, 50k people in the US every year,
               | or whether we're forever stuck with a sizable population
               | killer no matter what (short of implementing elaborate
               | forever cultural systems of lockdown; as in, those
               | counter measures will have to become ingrained deeply
               | into the culture, accepted and automatic). The next
               | decade is going to be very weird and interesting on that
               | front.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Vaccination is great but in addition to that we could
               | also cut the ongoing death toll through public health
               | campaigns to eliminate hypovitaminosis D. This could be
               | done relatively cheaply.
               | 
               | https://vitamin-d-covid.shotwell.ca/
        
             | michaelmrose wrote:
             | Where are you getting 100M confirmed infections?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | mensetmanusman wrote:
           | " Instead of 60% vaccination, you'd need 90%, and will likely
           | overshoot that."
           | 
           | 60% (Vaccinated + Previously Infected)
        
           | samizdat311 wrote:
           | These are very good points. I'd add that herd immunity isn't
           | a clearly defined threshold, either. It's the point at which
           | the effective R in a population is < 1 -- AKA exponential
           | decay. With a circulating virus, depending on how _much_
           | below 1 you get, exponential decay might take a few months or
           | even a few years to get down to elimination.
           | 
           | The current dip in the UK is trending toward the former. But
           | it's further complicated by the fact that levels of immunity
           | in the population will continue to oscillate up and down.
           | (Nevermind that once schools open in September, 20% of the
           | population with relatively sparse vaccination will be mixing
           | in large cohorts).
           | 
           | Another factor in herd immunity is vaccine efficacy - which
           | is somewhere between 86% and 95% for the mRNA vaccines (and
           | will continue to change). A herd immunity threshold of 90%
           | presupposes a vaccine with 100% efficacy - when your vaccines
           | are not that effective (not to mention, losing effectiveness
           | over time) it bumps the threshold even higher.
           | 
           | Right now, much of the population has some level of
           | "sterilising immunity" from the first round of vaccines and
           | previous infection (i.e. having enough circulating antibodies
           | to potentially block symptomatic infection and transmission).
           | But everything we know about existing respiratory viruses
           | (and indications so far this year) suggest antibodies will
           | wane.
           | 
           | Of course, indications are most people will come away with
           | robust cell-based immunity. (Those plucky T-cells and
           | B-cells). But eradication for the UK looks *very* close to
           | impossible given the near-total-abandonment of public health
           | measures recently.
        
             | lamontcg wrote:
             | > But everything we know about existing respiratory viruses
             | (and indications so far this year) suggest antibodies will
             | wane.
             | 
             | Not necessarily the case. Infections with HCoV-229E
             | produces durable immunity and reinfection is due to
             | antigenic drift:
             | 
             | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.12.17.423313v1
             | 
             | That it at odds with prior studies that found ~12 month
             | reinfections with coronaviruses, but it is with
             | considerably better methodology.
             | 
             | And it is simultaneously: not clear that vaccines produce
             | sterilizing immunity, not clear it is necessary to do that
             | at all, and not clear if how much measurements of NAbs
             | correlates with sterilizing immunity.
             | 
             | I can tell you a story about how delta reaches 90-100%
             | thresholds of herd immunity in this wave and burns itself
             | out and we don't see it much again for 3-5 years in
             | countries like the US/UK. Or I can tell you a story about
             | how it keeps coming back every year with 2 or 3 waves.
             | Anyone who tells you they know which of those outcomes must
             | be correct probably knows a lot less about virology than
             | they think they do (even if they have a degree). I'm
             | reasonably hopeful its the former, but I never predicted
             | delta and thought we'd be virus-free this summer and was
             | wrong.
             | 
             | Even in the worst case though the vaccinated/recovered are
             | never going back to 2019 levels of susceptibility to severe
             | outcomes, so we're looking at a steady drip-drip-drip of
             | people killing themselves to avoid vaccination up until we
             | get bored with that and they pretty much disappear (that's
             | where T-cells and B-cells and cross reactive partial
             | immunity to all future variants comes in).
        
             | nicoburns wrote:
             | > eradication for the UK looks _very_ close to impossible
             | given the near-total-abandonment of public health measures
             | recently.
             | 
             | I don't support the recent abandonment of restrictions, but
             | could that policy, followed up by stricter restrictions in
             | a few months time actually be helpful for eradication?
             | Eradication is likely a hopeless prospect in the UK anyway,
             | because there is no political will for closing the borders.
             | But it's interesting to conjecture.
        
           | eloff wrote:
           | > Probably Delta will blow through literally all the
           | remaining unvaccinated people and that'll be the last surge,
           | at least unless we get a vaccine-resistant strain.
           | 
           | I think you're right, but that will still happen over years
           | in multiple waves. Barring some sudden uptick in people
           | changing their mind about vaccination.
        
         | ikawe wrote:
         | > and it may also be the case that those who have a tendency to
         | be skeptical of vaccines also were the ones most out and about
         | and exposing themselves during the pandemic, i.e. the ones with
         | the highest chance of being infected.
         | 
         | Sure, _maybe_.
         | 
         | > [...] would seem to indicate that most Western populations
         | are already at herd imnmunity by this point
         | 
         | Given that infections are still rising pretty hard, what
         | indicates to you that we are _at_ this point, and not, say, 6
         | months out?
        
         | basch wrote:
         | Not as sensationally reported is that, fatality rate (the
         | proportion of people who die of those who tested positive)
         | appears to be falling slightly, and is at its lowest in 2+
         | months.
         | 
         | https://www.mayoclinic.org/coronavirus-covid-19/map
        
           | genericuser314 wrote:
           | I think that's because of different vaccine uptake by age
           | cohort. People 65+ have always been most likely to require
           | intervention and they are also the most vaccinated age cohort
           | - ~80% vaccinated in the US. [0]
           | 
           | [0]: https://www.mayoclinic.org/coronavirus-covid-19/vaccine-
           | trac...
        
           | zwily wrote:
           | This would most likely be due to the vaccines, no?
        
         | billiam wrote:
         | I don't know what the point of such conjecture is. Of course we
         | don't know how much immunity comes from infection, and it is
         | quite clear from the spread of delta that we are nowhere near
         | herd immunity in the developed world, even in places like
         | Israel. I had a coronavirus called a cold last year; does that
         | mean I'm immune this year? Unlikely in the long term with
         | COVID. The entire concept of herd immunity may be a mirage: if
         | the (rare) breakthrough infections in vaccinated people like me
         | spread just as much virus as unvaccinated, then there may be a
         | huge potential for incubating new strains among the mRNA-ed
         | that may elude all our current vaccines. And unlike a lot of
         | viruses, the latest variants may be just as lethal as the
         | earlier ones. Usually viruses become more transmissible and
         | less lethal in response to rational behavior in their hosts--
         | but humans are proving we're not rational.
        
           | notJim wrote:
           | > Of course we don't know how much immunity comes from
           | infection
           | 
           | Come on, this is silly. We haven't learned nothing over the
           | last year. https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-
           | matters/lasting...
        
           | throwaway8582 wrote:
           | > I had a coronavirus called a cold last year; does that mean
           | I'm immune this year?
           | 
           | There are supposedly over 200 different viruses that can
           | cause the common cold (https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-
           | research-matters/underst...). So it's quite possible for
           | immunity to any individual strain to last a very long time
           | and still get multiple colds per year.
           | 
           | > Usually viruses become more transmissible and less lethal
           | in response to rational behavior in their hosts--but humans
           | are proving we're not rational.
           | 
           | Our own "rationality" doesn't matter much, if a virus leaves
           | you bed-ridden or dead, that makes it very hard for you
           | spread it regardless of your choices. The fact that we have
           | so many different viruses which essentially cause more or
           | less the same "common cold" proves that there is very strong
           | evolutionary pressure for a virus to behave this way.
        
           | rajin444 wrote:
           | > Usually viruses become more transmissible and less lethal
           | in response to rational behavior in their hosts--but humans
           | are proving we're not rational.
           | 
           | I was under the impression viruses became less lethal because
           | if they became more, they'd kill off their hosts and be less
           | likely to spread.
           | 
           | There's a chance you get some super virus that becomes both
           | more transmissible and lethal, but that is very rare (from
           | what I can see).
        
             | CraigJPerry wrote:
             | Does that not assume that you're symptomatic at the same
             | time you're spreading the virus? With covid you appear to
             | be able to spread before you know you have it. Given that,
             | what force would cause the virus to be selected for less
             | lethality?
             | 
             | With a different presentation of disease where symptoms and
             | spread occur concurrently then there would be a pressure on
             | the virus selecting for strains that arent so lethal a
             | carrier has no chance to spread. In covid's case, that
             | pressure doesn't exist as far as i can see?
        
             | AbortedLaunch wrote:
             | It depends. It's hard to model and even think about the
             | selection pressures accurately. West Nile virus showed a
             | marked increase in virulence in corvids recently as did
             | rabbit hemorrhagic disease.
             | 
             | And let's not forget about Mareks disease, where a non-
             | sterilizing vaccine is thought to have contributed to a
             | massive increase in virulence, killing nearly 100% of
             | unvaccinated chickens now vs causing mild disease decades
             | ago.
        
           | infamouscow wrote:
           | You're missing the point because the media (and their
           | pharmaceutical advertisers) have framed everything in terms
           | of vaccination, as if the human immune system is incapable of
           | surviving COVID and it's variants.
           | 
           | All viruses get less lethal as time goes on, not stronger,
           | despite all the fear porn that has been indoctrinated into
           | the public over the last year and a half.
        
             | Angostura wrote:
             | > All viruses get less lethal as time goes on, not
             | stronger.
             | 
             | Wrong. It's generally the case, because a virus that keeps
             | its host walking around will tend to infect more people
             | than a virus that sends them straight to the morgue.
             | 
             | SARS-Cov-2 is unusual in that it's asymptomatic infectious
             | period is really quite long. It's straight-to-morgue
             | capabilities could become much more prevalent with hitting
             | its infectivity too badly.
        
             | anthonyu wrote:
             | Certain viruses maintained their lethality as time went on.
             | Smallpox was very lethal throughout time. Influenza
             | lethality ebbs throughout history. I don't think we can or
             | should depend on less-lethal, common-cold-like symptoms
             | from Covid-19 at any point.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | SARS-CoV-2 does cause common cold like symptoms in the
               | vast majority of cases, just like other coronaviruses. In
               | particular it's quite similar to HCoV-OC43. The only
               | reason those other endemic coronaviruses don't kill many
               | people is that most of us get infected as children and
               | build up some immunity.
               | 
               | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7252012/
        
               | rajin444 wrote:
               | Is there a reason we shouldn't expect it to behave like
               | most coroanviruses?
        
               | cortic wrote:
               | There actually is. The evolutionary selection pressure on
               | most coronaviruses exists throughout its infectious
               | stage. So in order to be more infectious for longer the
               | coronavirus would become less symptomatic and so less
               | serious.
               | 
               | But with C19 we are aggressively isolating people with
               | symptoms. This focuses evolutionary selection pressure on
               | the initial infectious stage. In order to be more
               | infectious the virus increases viral load and shedding,
               | causing more serious symptoms; which would be an
               | evolutionary disadvantage, except isolation renders this
               | disadvantage moot.
               | 
               | Also natural immunity general focuses on the nucleus of
               | the virus, vaccine immunity is to the spike. So this
               | forces mutations in different proteins, which has
               | different results.
        
             | wizzwizz4 wrote:
             | > _All viruses get less lethal as time goes on, not
             | stronger,_
             | 
             | This isn't true. Given certain assumptions, it's true _on
             | average_ , but those assumptions don't apply in this case.
        
               | infamouscow wrote:
               | It's not an assumption, it's obvious to anyone that looks
               | at data rather than of blindly listening to
               | sensationalized media bullshit.
        
               | wizzwizz4 wrote:
               | No, it comes from this model:
               | 
               | Highly-deadly diseases will kill their hosts quickly,
               | limiting their spread. Therefore, one of two things will
               | happen:
               | 
               | * A less-deadly variant will emerge, spread faster, and
               | outcompete its more deadly cousin.
               | 
               | * The deadly disease will kill enough of the population
               | that its R number drops below 1, and thus the deadly
               | disease will die out.
               | 
               | Therefore, observed diseases will tend to get less deadly
               | over time.
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | If you _look at the data_ , we're firmly in "kill enough
               | of the population" town (to the extent you can stretch
               | this model to our situation). The variants we're seeing
               | spread are getting _more_ virulent over time, not less,
               | because:
               | 
               | * we don't want to die and we're doing stuff about that,
               | meaning any model with "most individuals infected are
               | removed from the model" in it is a flawed model; and
               | 
               | * we have fast long-distance travel, so any population
               | model that relies on Euclidean locality is a flawed
               | model.
        
               | infamouscow wrote:
               | I'm not sure I agree with you (yet), but thanks for
               | providing info rather than downvoting!
        
               | dddddddan wrote:
               | You haven't cited any data.
        
               | eitland wrote:
               | Agree.
               | 
               | For a specific example the Spanish Flu hit harder later
               | on.
        
             | flir wrote:
             | > All viruses get less lethal as time goes on
             | 
             | Smallpox.
        
               | christkv wrote:
               | Smallpox luckily was a very stable DNA virus with a low
               | mutation rate so it became possible to eradicate it.
        
         | felipellrocha wrote:
         | > Left out in the discussion seem to be the unvaccinated but
         | already infected. As far as I know, prior infection confers at
         | least some degree of immunity.
         | 
         | We don't know how much, though. There are cases in which
         | vaccine performs better than a natural infection, there are
         | cases in which the vaccine performs worse than natural
         | infection. Without time for a study, it's impossible to know
         | where we lie with Covid.
        
           | gpt5 wrote:
           | It's not impossible to estimate for COVID. Re-infections in
           | COVID are exceedingly rare.
        
             | fortuna86 wrote:
             | There's no way of knowing this, considering the amount of
             | asymptomatic cases that are never tested or recorded.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | aristophenes wrote:
           | Without time for a study, wouldn't it make sense to assume
           | the most common thing, that a natural infection provides more
           | immunity than the vaccine? Taking the line of reasoning where
           | we assume the worst case scenario until proven otherwise,
           | would it be reasonable to assume long term medical issues
           | from the vaccinations?
        
             | wizzwizz4 wrote:
             | > _Without time for a study, wouldn't it make sense to
             | assume the most common thing, that a natural infection
             | provides more immunity than the vaccine?_
             | 
             | No, actually; the actual infection sometimes misfires,
             | leaving dud spike proteins outside the cells. If the immune
             | system finds those first, it'll attack the dud spike
             | proteins _instead of_ the still-functional spike proteins,
             | attacking all the viruses that _failed_ to get into the
             | cells instead of all the viruses that might succeed. The
             | mRNA vaccine doesn 't produce real, active viruses, so it
             | doesn't have this problem.
             | 
             | > _Taking the line of reasoning where we assume the worst
             | case scenario until proven otherwise, would it be
             | reasonable to assume long term medical issues from the
             | vaccinations?_
             | 
             | Assuming the worst-case scenario until proven otherwise
             | _doesn 't work like that_. You have to look at the entire
             | range of uncertainty, and choose the worst-case scenario
             | for each question.
             | 
             | Example: you want to know, worst-case, how many people will
             | die from car crashes on a road in a year, so you assume
             | that the cars involved in collisions are travelling at the
             | fastest recorded speeds on that road (or in the 90th
             | percentile of speeds on similar roads, or something). But
             | if you want to know, worst-case, how long it'll take to
             | travel the road, you should assume there'll be loads of
             | traffic jams, or the road will be closed.
             | 
             | So here's a worst-case scenario if people don't get
             | vaccinated, bounded by my amateur knowledge of
             | epidemiology: there's a large enough infected population
             | passing the disease around for a _really_ deadly, fast-
             | spreading variant to emerge, and its antigens are different
             | enough from normal that everyone currently vaccinated is
             | susceptible, hundreds of millions of people die, and COVID
             | becomes a seasonal (but much more deadly) illness, killing
             | hundreds of millions again every few years until it reaches
             | an equilibrium of sorts. (A real epidemiologist would know
             | more, which would _probably_ lead to a less apocalyptic
             | worst-case scenario prediction - but it might lead to an
             | even worse one.)
             | 
             | Here's a worst-case scenario if people do get vaccinated:
             | everyone is vaccinated, COVID-19 starts going away, then a
             | month later, it turns out that the vaccines - _and_ real
             | COVID-19 infections (there 's no mechanism in the vaccines
             | that isn't also in SARS-CoV-2, excluding the needle /
             | delivery mechanism) cause some complicated, heretofore-
             | unknown-to-science time-delay mechanism that causes a
             | severe allergy or autoimmune condition. Thousands die
             | before we identify the problem, and tens of thousands die
             | before our politicians get their acts together and
             | authorise the mass distribution of anti-allergy /
             | immunosuppressant medication (which we already have
             | manufacturing plants and distribution networks for). We
             | live with the aftermath, but getting infected would've been
             | just as bad.
             | 
             | This second scenario is a _lot_ less realistic than the
             | global apocalypse one, because I had to pull side effects
             | out of my ass. If the vaccines caused chronic fatigue
             | syndrome, which is the only COVID-19-induced disorder
             | caused by a mechanism that the vaccines _could_ share
             | (because we don 't know what causes it), it would've
             | started happening already. But it hasn't. Assuming some
             | arbitrary thing we have a fair bit of evidence _against_ is
             | not how you do worst-case scenarios, and it _certainly_
             | shouldn 't be how you do actual planning.
        
               | AndrewBissell wrote:
               | > _Here 's a worst-case scenario if people do get
               | vaccinated: everyone is vaccinated, COVID-19 starts going
               | away_
               | 
               | How do you figure that last part?
        
               | mrhands69 wrote:
               | > Assuming the worst-case scenario until proven otherwise
               | doesn't work like that. You have to look at the entire
               | range of uncertainty, and choose the worst-case scenario
               | for each question.
               | 
               | It seems to me the worst case scenario is always applied
               | when looking at things like natural immunity from prior
               | infection, long covid, etc
               | 
               | If you model Sars-Cov-2 after Sars-Cov-1 or MERS then you
               | would be lead to believe natural immunity lasts around 5+
               | years.
               | 
               | Where is worst case scenario not applied? Anything to do
               | with vaccines. We're not even allowed to question it.
               | 
               | We are extremely conservative on one side of the coin,
               | but not the other. Why?
        
             | loonster wrote:
             | Continuing with your thoughts, is it reasonable to assume
             | that the selective pressure the vaccinated are placing on
             | COVID variants are a good thing?
             | 
             | I have no clue. I hope it works out well.
        
         | svara wrote:
         | Interestingly, you can get multiple-wave dynamics even when
         | very far from population-level herd immunity, and even without
         | taking into account changes in behavior (for example, [1]).
         | That's because of stochasticity in the process due to the fact
         | that (1) most people infect no one, but some people infect many
         | ("overdispersion") and (2) the population is not well mixed.
         | 
         | In practice, of course, people respond to news about Covid
         | waves and that contributes to the wave-like dynamics.
         | Furthermore, new variants of the virus will be able to reach
         | people that were "cautious enough" for a previous variant. That
         | alone would also give you wave-like dynamics, basically every
         | new variant would affect increasingly harder to reach people.
         | 
         | Anyway, the point is, seeing these waves is super natural and
         | expected and we can't deduce anything about population-level
         | immunity from them without looking really really closely.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4526984/
        
         | bawolff wrote:
         | > Adding those two populations together would seem to indicate
         | that most Western populations are already at herd immunity by
         | this point
         | 
         | That's assuming that nobody who got covid later got vaccinated
         | (or got it before the vaccine kicked in). That seems like a
         | very unrealistic assumption to me. On the other side, there are
         | probably a lot more cases than are reported.
         | 
         | You're right that it almost certainly matters for heard
         | immunity, but i think you need a much more complex model to
         | know how much of an effect it has.
        
           | throw_nbvc1234 wrote:
           | https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-
           | updates/burd...
           | 
           | CDC estimated that 1/4 covid infections had an associated
           | positive test. I did the same kind of napkin math you're
           | referring too for Floridia a few months back and they'd could
           | have been at 80% of the population with some level of
           | immunity.
           | 
           | But napkin math probably isn't a good way to run a pandemic
           | response. Just like herd immunity doesn't really matter at an
           | individual level.
        
             | bawolff wrote:
             | I'm also not sure how much the usa experience applies to
             | other countries. They seem to have not liked lockdowns and
             | masks very much.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | nostromo wrote:
       | I don't see why we should care about number of cases in countries
       | with freely available vaccines.
       | 
       | Disease (as reflected by hospital admissions) and death are what
       | we care about. And those numbers are continuing to trend in the
       | right direction.
       | 
       | The US media is just addicted to fear at this point. With a more
       | boring/traditional president in the office and the covid panic
       | waning, there is a news vacuum. And the media is trying to fill
       | that vacuum with the delta variant. But you can calm your nerves
       | just looking at the data yourself and not reading anything the
       | media has to say.
        
         | dragontamer wrote:
         | Because an uptick in cases always has resulted in an uptick in
         | hospitalizations and death.
         | 
         | Maybe you think things have changed (and indeed: I think
         | vaccinations have changed the pattern of cases ->
         | hospitalizations -> death). But ultimately: cases give us a
         | glimpse of what is to come 3 or 4 weeks earlier.
         | 
         | And lo-and-behold, the Florida hospitalization counts are now
         | kicking up dramatically.
         | 
         | Similarly: UK hospitalizations will be expected to drop
         | (coinciding with the drop in case counts 3 or 4 weeks earlier)
        
         | qeternity wrote:
         | Deaths have absolutely plummeted, and correlations have very
         | clearly broken from previous "waves". But in order to extract
         | compliance from the population, there needs to be a call to
         | action, so the goalposts were moved to infections, as opposed
         | to hospitalizations/deaths.
        
       | monooso wrote:
       | The ONS regularly tests a random selection of people. Their
       | results typically trail the daily infection numbers by two weeks.
       | 
       | Notably, the most recent ONS samples demonstrated a sharp _rise_
       | in cases. The suggestion is that cases are actually surging, but
       | most are now either asymptomatic or at least very mild, and thus
       | not reported.
       | 
       | I guess we'll find out shortly whether that's the case.
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | The US CDC does this by re-using random anonymous blood samples
         | drawn for other purposes, and by using test data from blood
         | banks. The current data collected is for the presence of
         | antibodies indicating people who've been infected. Not those
         | vaccinated; they can distinguish that. This is cheap to
         | measure, but runs about 6 weeks behind. Data here.[1] US
         | average from late June is about 22% of the population. That's
         | roughly how many people actually had the disease.
         | 
         | That data should show the Delta variant surge as the data comes
         | in.
         | 
         | I still can't find a useful number for people with antibodies
         | prevalent because either infected or vaccinated, although that
         | is apparently tested.
         | 
         | [1] https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#national-lab
        
         | IshKebab wrote:
         | The ONS data doesn't show a sharp rise. If anything it is
         | levelling off. I think tomatocracy is right - because the ONS
         | survey measures _current_ infections rather than newly
         | discovered infections it is likely to lag a bit and will
         | probably start to drop soon.
        
         | ddek wrote:
         | Which ONS data are you referring to? The currently published
         | data indicates the wave has at least plateaued, as I read it,
         | in all but the youngest age groups.
        
           | a_humean wrote:
           | They are talking about the survey data, which doesn't rely
           | upon the normal testing regime. They randomly contact and
           | test individuals irrespective of their symptoms status, which
           | is different from the normal testing regime that gets
           | reported daily. I believe its a 20k sample size. The survey
           | takes a lot longer time compile
           | 
           | Most recent summary: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationa
           | ndcommunity/healthan...
           | 
           | Most recent data: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandc
           | ommunity/healthan...
           | 
           | Methods: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/
           | healthan...
        
             | timr wrote:
             | It's important to note that this data sample ends on July
             | 24, which is almost exactly the day that cases started
             | rapidly declining across the UK.
             | 
             | OP was not accurately representing the facts.
        
             | monooso wrote:
             | Thanks for adding the relevant links.
        
             | makomk wrote:
             | That summary seems to show infections plateauing in every
             | age group except school kids. (And of course, with schools
             | breaking up since then they're probably both less likely to
             | get infected and less likely to get tested.)
        
             | tomatocracy wrote:
             | In particular, it's worth noting that the ONS survey tries
             | to estimate an answer to the question "in the given time
             | period, what proportion of the population would have tested
             | positive?"
             | 
             | Because people tend to continue to test positive for a
             | reasonable period of time after they are first infected,
             | this should be a lagging indicator of any peak in new
             | infections having occurred.
        
       | mixedmath wrote:
       | I read this and think it's well written. I see it's published in
       | The Intelligencer, which is apparently an offshoot of NYMagazine.
       | I'm not particularly familiar with either, but I hadn't realized
       | that news-type things would be discussed in them.
       | 
       | Does anyone here have anything to say about their quality or
       | their relevance to people who don't live in NY?
        
         | filmgirlcw wrote:
         | New York Magazine is certainly centered on New York City, but
         | like many other New York-named publications (including the
         | unrelated New York Times newspaper and the New Yorker
         | magazine), it is actually national in scope. And many of the
         | stories can even be international, insofar as culture and a not
         | insignificant American export.
         | 
         | It has always been well-regarded, think of it as a more puckish
         | New Yorker (although in recent years, The New Yorker has
         | certainly taken on more personality, especially online), and I
         | would argue, was one of the first "prestige" magazines to
         | really embrace online and digital expansion. It took until well
         | into the 2010s for a lot of the Conde Nast and Hearst
         | publications to even integrate their digital and print
         | newsrooms, with digital often being treated as an afterthought.
         | New York Mag really embraced online early and as a result,
         | didn't have the same identity issues once the bottom dropped
         | out of print's profitability. It used to be a weekly magazine
         | but swapped to biweekly seven or eight years ago.
         | 
         | I've been a subscriber since I was in college (which was before
         | I moved to New York City), which coincided with the online push
         | and the reign of editor-in-chief Adam Moss (who was EIC from
         | 2004-2019), and since 2004, I believe NYMag has won more
         | National Magazine Awards (which are sort of the magazine
         | world's equivalent of the Pulitzer Prizes, albeit with less
         | prestige) than any other publication.
         | 
         | There are several "verticals" for New York Mag, which include
         | Vulture (culture), The Cut (lifestyle and more of a focus on
         | women), Grub Street (restaurants and bars), Intelligencer
         | (tech, politics, ideas).
         | 
         | Vox bought the magazine a few years ago, but it operates
         | relatively independently from the other Vox media sites (Vox,
         | The Verge, etc.), at least as far as editorial content goes.
         | (I'm sure they share resources like HR and some ad sales stuff,
         | same as Conde and Hearst and Meredith.)
         | 
         | *I don't and have never worked at New York Mag, but as a former
         | New York City-based journalist, I have friends who do or have
         | worked there and I've met Pam Wasserstein, the former CEO
         | (current president of Vox Media), socially a few times.
        
       | runawaybottle wrote:
       | Do we have conclusive numbers on how long these vaccines last?
       | I'm reading that Pfizer lasts about 6 months? There's no way
       | there won't be a surge again next summer if that's the case.
        
         | newsyyswen wrote:
         | There are no conclusive numbers on how long they last, because
         | there has not been a significant drop-off in efficacy yet.
         | 
         | There is some evidence that booster shots after 6 months can
         | provide better even better protection than the second shot
         | after 3-4 weeks, but it's not clear whether they will be
         | necessary yet, especially when so much of the world is still
         | desperate to get the first two shots in peoples' arms.
        
           | AndrewBissell wrote:
           | There's been enough drop-off in the Pfizer vaccine that
           | Israel is starting boosters for people 60+. Their estimate is
           | that protection against mild disease has dropped to 40% and
           | protection against hospitalization to 88%.
           | https://swprs.org/covid-vaccines-the-good-the-bad-the-ugly/
        
           | dtech wrote:
           | There has been shown a little bit of drop-off, but that is in
           | the range of 95% to 80-90%, so still strong. Hard to say
           | because the mutation in circulation have changed.
        
         | tguvot wrote:
         | slide 19: https://context-
         | cdn.washingtonpost.com/notes/prod/default/do...
         | 
         | slide 4+: https://www.gov.il/BlobFolder/reports/vaccine-
         | efficacy-safet...
         | 
         | and in general
         | https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2109072
        
       | sharken wrote:
       | I have lost count of statements from epidemiologists who have
       | grossly overestimated infection rates.
       | 
       | Predicting the future is hard and if you're obviously not good at
       | it, you should stop doing it.
       | 
       | The bit about vaccinated being eight times less likely to get
       | infected, should make those who are still unsure think again.
       | 
       | And on the other hand it should give pause to those thinking
       | about enforcing vaccine mandates.
        
       | christkv wrote:
       | Same pattern in northern Spain that have very high vaccination
       | rates.
        
         | xrayarx wrote:
         | Source please?
        
           | euskera wrote:
           | https://www.diariovasco.com/sociedad/salud/euskadi-
           | vacunados...
        
           | christkv wrote:
           | Local Spanish newspaper
           | https://www.elcomercio.es/asturias/asturias-acerca-
           | inmunidad...
           | 
           | 76% with one dose,66.7% with two doses. Number of cases are
           | going down from about 400 a day a week ago to about 200+ this
           | week per day.
        
       | Angostura wrote:
       | I suppose irts worth mentioning that while the reported number of
       | daily infections is dropping in the UK, so is the numer of tests
       | taken.
       | 
       | Meanwhile hospital admissions and deaths continue to rise, albeit
       | slowly. https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk
        
       | andy_ppp wrote:
       | People in the summer in the UK spend plenty of time outside, I
       | would think the winter is when things get interesting again.
       | Let's hope we're out of the woods but the luck of the uk
       | government isn't something I'd bank on!
        
       | dmje wrote:
       | UK citizen here.
       | 
       | I just don't think this "collapse" is the case.
       | 
       | My gut feel is that everyone has stopped doing lateral flow tests
       | and reporting those tests: noone wants to be isolating now the
       | summer holidays have started, and many people are now ignoring
       | track and trace because they're scared of the possible
       | "pingdemic". I know many people who have stopped scanning in to
       | venues. I reckon many suspect they may have Delta but because the
       | holidays have started and they've been cut loose from gov
       | mandates of mask wearing etc, that the "crowd responsibility"
       | factor has almost totally dissipated.
       | 
       | There may be evidence otherwise but I suspect actual figures are
       | far higher than is being reported.
        
         | quenix wrote:
         | Shouldn't we see this reflected in hospital admissions?
        
           | lucb1e wrote:
           | Hospital admissions usually are a bit delayed, but yes,
           | presumably people won't be holding off on being admitted to
           | the hospital the way they would hold off on getting tested if
           | GP is right. (Personally I'm not sure how many more people
           | will now, as compared to a few weeks ago, decide that testing
           | is more of a nuisance than helpful for protecting your loved
           | ones, but then I'm not from the UK so what do I know.)
        
           | celsoazevedo wrote:
           | Looking at the official data[0], the number of daily hospital
           | admissions is still increasing:
           | https://i.imgur.com/XkbImVg.png
           | 
           | But hospital admissions usually lag behind the number of
           | infections. If in a week or two admissions are still going up
           | while the number of new infections drops, then this theory
           | may be correct.
           | 
           | [0] https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/
        
           | tialaramex wrote:
           | They're a lagging indicator, as are deaths. So, eventually.
           | 
           | If you stare at the government's site
           | https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/ hospital admissions seem to
           | have levelled off, and _maybe_ deaths are levelling off but
           | it 's too early to be sure.
           | 
           | People get infected (and begin testing positive) first, then
           | some of them get sick (a few more will seek a test and be
           | positive) and _then_ some of those seek hospital admission or
           | call for advice and the advice for their symptoms is  "get to
           | hospital" and almost all of the people who eventually die get
           | admitted to hospital first, in some cases dying after weeks
           | of attempted care.
           | 
           | I think there's room for some pessimism without going so far
           | as your parent poster, cases may be down but not as _much_ as
           | it seems. Lots of people seem to have gone off around the
           | country on holiday which seems crazy to me, but clearly didn
           | 't make things _much_ worse. People can choose not to seek a
           | test while they 're alive, but corpses have no say in what
           | the post mortem data says.
        
         | lucb1e wrote:
         | > My gut feel is that everyone has stopped doing lateral flow
         | tests and reporting those tests: noone wants to be isolating
         | 
         | Okay that's easy to check: data should show a reduction in
         | positive tests roughly on par with the reduction in number of
         | tests.
         | 
         | Recent peak value of tests per day was 16.42 per 1000 citizens
         | on Jul 17th. At that time there were 630.57 positive test
         | results per million citizens.
         | 
         | On July 28th (latest data) tests declined to 13.46 and positive
         | cases to 443.45. That's 18% fewer tests and 30% fewer positive
         | cases, ballpark twice as much.
         | 
         | I don't think your gut is telling you the full story.
         | 
         | All values are 7-day rolling averages to avoid weekday spikes
         | or anything. Source:
         | https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/coronavirus-data-explor...
         | (use the selector to switch between tests, positive cases, or
         | other metrics)
        
           | qeternity wrote:
           | UK resident here: I don't know of anyone who has gotten covid
           | in many months, and nearly everyone I know is vaxxed.
           | 
           | I believe this Delta collapse. It's exactly what you'd expect
           | given our pace of vaccinations.
        
             | lucb1e wrote:
             | If we're going by anecdotal evidence, I know many more
             | people that get the flu every year than that got covid-19.
             | But I don't think my (on average) responsible acquaintances
             | with (on average) workable-from-home jobs tell the whole
             | story.
             | 
             | You're right though that the numbers somewhat suggest that
             | we're managing to beat the Delta variant. Is it due to
             | vaccinations? The vaccination rate has been slowing for
             | months now, yet the UK still had that spike. The difference
             | in people that decided to get vaccinated between early June
             | (start of positive cases spike) and July 21st (when the
             | decrease set in) is 9%. (from 59% to 68%). It doesn't seem
             | to me that a few percent more vaccinations explains
             | everything. A percentage in the upper 60s, for _first_
             | vaccinations no less (not even a full vaccination), should
             | not be enough to beat Delta from what I heard about the R0.
             | 
             | (Data source is the same OWID link, you can configure it to
             | show vaccination data.)
        
               | qeternity wrote:
               | I'm not saying it's due to vaccinations, I'm saying it's
               | what you would expect given our pace of vaccinations. All
               | we have are correlations.
               | 
               | The reason I say this is that we have a relatively small
               | population of unvaccinated people, and so with the high
               | R0 of Delta, you'd expect it to rip through these
               | unvaccinated pockets quickly and burn out, which is what
               | we're seeing.
               | 
               | I'd expect a few more Delta mini-waves similar to this in
               | the coming months.
        
         | malandrew wrote:
         | And if we don't see a rise in hospitalizations that is any
         | worse than a typical flu season, then it really doesn't matter
         | that no one is testing.
        
           | lucb1e wrote:
           | _At least_ provide data if you 're going to be like "it's
           | just a flu". I'm willing to believe you mean well if you are
           | only talking about people that are fully vaccinated 14+ days
           | ago, but in general this sounds like an excuse.
        
         | aquadrop wrote:
         | Cases don't matter, hospital admissions also show sign of wave
         | going down. And that doesn't depend on people's mood.
        
         | rbirkby wrote:
         | ONS sampling disputes this.
        
           | lucb1e wrote:
           | For anyone else not from the UK, ONS seems to be some
           | official body doing some sort of, well, sampling.
           | 
           | Do you have a link to their current stats? I found this
           | page[1] but it's not very accessible, not sure this is what
           | you mean.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healt
           | han...
        
         | kmlx wrote:
         | i think schools closing, euros ending, the nhs covid19 app ping
         | and holidays starting are actually contributing to a lower
         | number. scotland's early school holiday should correlate at
         | least part of this hypothesis.
         | 
         | a couple of q's thou:
         | 
         | 1. where do you report lateral flow tests? i do mine at home
         | every day as my work sent out boxes of them.
         | 
         | 2. if a lateral flow is positive, aren't you supposed to do
         | another and then a pcr test?
        
           | kevinbowman wrote:
           | > where do you report lateral flow tests?
           | 
           | https://www.gov.uk/report-covid19-result
           | 
           | > if a lateral flow is positive...
           | 
           | I imagine that that report result site will refer you for a
           | PCR test, although thankfully I've never personally been in
           | that position.
        
         | chrisseaton wrote:
         | > My gut feel is that everyone has stopped doing lateral flow
         | tests and reporting those tests
         | 
         | Is that where this data comes from?
         | 
         | I'm not sure it is. I think it's separate sampling.
        
         | throwaway4good wrote:
         | It really makes me wonder why the authorities don't do proper
         | randomized surveys? It is obvious that the testing numbers will
         | go up and down as the population goes scared and then goes
         | don't care.
        
           | Kluny wrote:
           | Cause they're already at maximum capacity with higher
           | priority projects, I would imagine.
        
           | 123pie123 wrote:
           | there is some sort of on going testing with a set group that
           | I've been told was randomly choosen.
           | 
           | My sister/ husband and neice (uk based) are currently being
           | tested once a month since the outbreak (mid 2020 ish) and
           | they where told that they was picked at random,
           | 
           | All of them have had covid - and probably would not have been
           | discovered without this testing - since all their cases have
           | been asymptomatic
        
           | makomk wrote:
           | The UK is one of the few countries in the world that does
           | have proper randomized studies of Covid-19 prevalence, and
           | has done since close to the start of the pandemic.
           | Unfortunately the results lag behind the actual number of new
           | infections by long enough that we wouldn't expect the drop in
           | cases to cause a corresponding drop in the numbers coming of
           | those studies just yet.
        
       | Wolfenstein98k wrote:
       | Important and underexamined question. What happened in the UK?
        
         | ZeroGravitas wrote:
         | Lots of people either being vaccinated or infected seems like
         | it would play a big role.
        
           | squarefoot wrote:
           | Probably both. We should remember what was the 1st approach
           | to the Covid problem by Johnson (that is, well over one year
           | ago): he wanted to achieve herd immunity without having
           | enough vaccines or not having them at all, and initially
           | there were no imposed lockdowns or infection prevention
           | rules. The point is that along the extremely high death toll
           | caused by that approach, a huge percentage of people over
           | there might have caught the virus without symptoms, therefore
           | becoming immune to a 2nd infection or at least immune to
           | nasty symptoms. So it's entirely possible that the herd
           | immunity was eventually achieved, although many, including
           | me, would agree the price to pay has been not fair.
        
             | Imnimo wrote:
             | I don't really see how the level of immunity could be low
             | enough in June to allow rapid growth, and then suddenly be
             | high enough in mid-July to cause rapid decline. Wouldn't we
             | expect a population close to herd immunity to see slow
             | growth, and a population just over herd immunity to see a
             | slow decline?
        
               | tsywke44 wrote:
               | If 70% of your population is vaccinated, it doesnt mean
               | the virus spreads 70% slower.
               | 
               | It instead means that there are 20 million potential
               | virus hosts in the UK instead of 67m. Way more than the
               | population of lots of EU countries.
        
               | Imnimo wrote:
               | I think it does mean that the virus spreads slower
               | (although the exact amount will also depend on factors
               | like how vaccinated people are distributed among the
               | population). Whereas in an unvaccinated population, each
               | infected person might spread the virus to (say) five
               | others, in a 70% vaccinated population, on average 3.5 of
               | those others would be vaccinated, so the virus would only
               | spread to 1.5 others. This gives a slower rate of growth.
               | Once that rate of growth falls below 1, herd immunity is
               | achieved. When you are close to herd immunity, that rate
               | should be just a little above 1, leading to slow but
               | positive growth.
        
               | sgt101 wrote:
               | I think that the question isn't slow or fast, it's
               | exponential or not exponential. If you are getting 9
               | infections for every infection then that's a bit
               | exponent. But, 2 for every infection is also an exponent
               | - just a smaller one. Once you get below 2 for every
               | infection then you are in the territory of slow growth -
               | but not for long and not everywhere. The UK had a patchy
               | delta wave, my guess is that when the non herd immune
               | demographics and areas started to get herd immunity (drop
               | below 2) then the breaks really slammed on.
        
             | bigbizisverywyz wrote:
             | >he wanted to achieve herd immunity without having enough
             | vaccines or not having them at all
             | 
             | Instead he managed to brew an exciting new variant, which
             | is what every health official was warning against.
             | 
             | And I'm guessing that unless the majority of the population
             | are rapidly inoculated then exciting new strains could
             | constantly evolve until we have something truly nasty.
        
               | simonswords82 wrote:
               | Sounds like you want to pontificate just to have a moan
               | off about the PM.
        
         | zarzavat wrote:
         | Choose your own adventure, coronavirus edition.
         | 
         | You have coronavirus symptoms. During the middle of a surge in
         | cases, the government has announced that all coronavirus
         | restrictions have ended and everybody can go back to normal.
         | The vast majority of older and vulnerable people have been
         | fully vaccinated.
         | 
         | Do you:
         | 
         | A: get a test and risk having to isolate
         | 
         | B: not get a test and live your life like normal as the
         | government said you should
        
           | sprkwd wrote:
           | Anecdotally, everybody I know has deleted the app from their
           | phone so they can't get pinged and live their life reasonably
           | normally.
        
             | karol wrote:
             | Anecdotally, I never installed it for the same reason.
        
               | BoxOfRain wrote:
               | I wonder how much is post-Snowden distrust of government
               | software and how much is simply not wanting to be pinged?
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | mattlondon wrote:
         | IMO it was most likely the Euros football/soccer championship
         | leading to a lot of mixing in crowded spaces among younger men
         | who maybe didn't yet have the vaccine or we're from backrounds
         | that are the sort that typically ignore this sort of thing.
        
           | nicoburns wrote:
           | Yep, I know someone who went to one of the Euro matches. They
           | got covid, and they also said that the facebook groups for
           | supporters were absolutely full of people who had also gotten
           | covid.
        
           | gpt5 wrote:
           | Would you also blame the Euro football for the rising Delta
           | cases everywhere in the western world?
        
             | mattlondon wrote:
             | yes because the matches were all-over europe so same people
             | who were in a packed pub a few days earlier were now on a
             | plane to some other european country to watch the next
             | match.
             | 
             | further, the borders remained open so people mixed at home
             | and then went on holiday/visited family etc. UK is a major
             | international transport hub and also has a large population
             | of Indian descent so we likely "imported" delta from India
             | relatively early as a result and then likely helped seed it
             | in other western nations.
             | 
             | They should have put India on the red list several weeks
             | earlier than they did when it was _obvious_ for anyone to
             | see what was going on, but they delayed for unknown reasons
        
         | joelschw wrote:
         | The national football team also did really well in the Euro
         | competition - this forced a lot of drunk people indoors and
         | onto public transport.
        
           | M2Ys4U wrote:
           | And also in to pubs...
        
         | IfOnlyYouKnew wrote:
         | People reading the news and individually deciding to be
         | slightly more careful again.
        
         | anigbrowl wrote:
         | Underexamined? Every major public health official and
         | commentator has been discussing it on a near daily basis for
         | weeks.
        
         | tsywke44 wrote:
         | Night clubs opened and were PACKED, a lot of young people were
         | unvaccinated, causing hundreds of superspreader events every
         | night for a few weeks.
         | 
         | The % of total population who actually visits nightclubs is
         | pretty low, so it took like a monh for this segment to hit herd
         | immunity basically
        
           | chippiewill wrote:
           | That's not what happened. Cases started going _down_ right as
           | nightclubs opened.
        
           | tsywke44 wrote:
           | Also lots of previously vaccinated people were exposed, but
           | didn't get infected.
           | 
           | Doesn't mean their immune system did nothing though. I'd
           | wager a lot of UK population basically got an "organic 3rd
           | vaccine dose". My prediction is they have probably the
           | highest immunity rates in the world atm
        
             | bostik wrote:
             | > _a lot of UK population basically got an "organic 3rd
             | vaccine dose"._
             | 
             | Isn't that how the vaccination regime is supposed to work,
             | actually? With two jabs in, contracting Covid still comes
             | with something like 4%..20% hit rate.[ss] However, with two
             | jabs the risk of hospitalisation is mercifully low, and
             | roughly half of the cases are asymptomatic.
             | 
             | So instead of vaccinated people overloading the NHS, when
             | they do get unlucky, they are _much_ more likely to get
             | through with only mild symptoms. For majority that
             | "organic 3rd dose" works as a booster shot. They can still
             | infect others, though...
             | 
             | NB. As far as I know, there are no good studies on how Long
             | Covid manifests in a vaccinated population. I _think_ the
             | working assumption is that very mild symptomatic Covid also
             | ends up with less severe Long Covid, but have heard of no
             | data to back that up.
             | 
             | ss: Depending on the study, the vaccine in question and the
             | variant. IIRC 2xPfizer provides ~88% protection against
             | Delta, 95%+ against earlier non-Beta variants;
             | 2xAstraZeneca provides 60%+ protection against Delta, 90%+
             | against non-Betas.
             | 
             | Disclosure: UK resident, with two jabs.
        
               | mattlondon wrote:
               | As far as I know, long covid is directly related to how
               | sick you get. you hear all these stories of people being
               | bed bound for a week or more, high fever, struggling to
               | breathe, etc etc.
               | 
               | I'd think it sounds quite a lot like those people were
               | really rather ill. I don't think people should expect to
               | go back to running marathons or whatever a week after
               | fighting to survive
               | 
               | It's the same for flu and other major viral infections.
               | It can take a while to get back to full health - I don't
               | think covid is anything new here? Just the usual "you
               | almost died"?
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Right many types of viral infections can cause post viral
               | fatigue syndrome. This is nothing really new, it's just
               | getting more attention now because of the sudden surge of
               | cases.
               | 
               | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3063394/
        
         | danenania wrote:
         | Oh fun: the game where everyone puts their pet biases forward
         | in an attempt to explain the behavior of a poorly understood
         | complex system.
         | 
         | It reminds me of the financial news. "Commodities markets are
         | spooked as backlash to latest Justin Bieber video mounts!"
         | 
         | In all seriousness, apart from the vaccination rate and
         | strictly enforced lockdowns, I have yet to see an explanation
         | for cases going up _or_ down in a particular region that isn 't
         | contradicted by the results in some other region. I think we
         | should just admit that except for vaccines and physically
         | forcing 90% of the population into isolation, we don't have a
         | clue what works and what doesn't.
        
           | neves wrote:
           | There's a lot of evidence about what worked what didn't work.
           | Dozens of countries and well organized societies responded
           | well to the pandemic.
        
             | mariodiana wrote:
             | I remember reading that the deaths in countries
             | corresponded pretty tightly with obesity levels in the
             | population. If that's true, that throws lots of "evidence"
             | right out the window.
             | 
             | Edit:
             | 
             | https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-
             | obesit...
        
               | sharken wrote:
               | This BBC story speculates that Delta became the main
               | variant in part due to the cold weather. But I'm not sure
               | any one factor can be singled out.
               | 
               | https://www.bbc.com/news/health-57489740
        
             | spookthesunset wrote:
             | > There's a lot of evidence about what worked what didn't
             | work
             | 
             | If that was true why can I take the population adjusted
             | graphs for any interesting statistic, overlay several
             | countries or states, and see the shape of them all is
             | basically the same?
             | 
             | I would assert that for any of these non-pharmaceutical
             | interventions to have been worthwhile the effect on such
             | charts should be absolutely noticeable to any layman on the
             | street. If you need PhD level math to tell a country who
             | "did it right" apart from a country who "did it wrong"...
             | it probably means that it wasn't worth "doing right".
        
           | dcolkitt wrote:
           | As a tangent, one way to get much more accurate data in a
           | much quicker way is to accept human challenge trials.
           | 
           | We don't even know the answer to whether delta is vaccine
           | resistant. With challenge trials it would be dead simple.
           | Take 10,000 vaccinated volunteers, randomize into a delta and
           | alpha groups. Spray them in the face with Covid. Compare
           | rates one week later. Question answered immediately with
           | statistical certainty.
           | 
           | Right now, we're trying to answer questions like this using
           | nothing other than extremely messy observational data that's
           | subject to all sorts of uncontrollable confounding variables.
        
           | Wolfenstein98k wrote:
           | The lockdown thing doesn't work as well as you'd think
           | either.
           | 
           | We have nearly the world's toughest lockdown in Sydney, and
           | weeks later the cases are higher than ever.
           | 
           | Same thing happened in Melbourne last year.
           | 
           | It eventually works - but the UK eventually saw a similar
           | precipitous decline, along the same timeframe, while only
           | _relinquishing_ restrictions.
           | 
           | The only common thread is that in 5-8 weeks, the spike
           | reverses and plummets, regardless of policy.
           | 
           | (Lockdowns may keep the spike much lower, along with the
           | general spread. But I'm more interested in _why_ they seem to
           | have no effect on arresting or reversing the spread once it
           | takes hold.)
           | 
           | Perspective: Aussie, plugged in, watching the West and India
           | closely.
        
         | jl6 wrote:
         | The UK had a perfect storm of factors contributing to the
         | severity of the Covid pandemic in that country: highly
         | internationally mobile population, highly internally mobile
         | population, a global travel hub, high population density,
         | culture of close social mixing, no culture of mask wearing,
         | colder climate leading to more indoor living, higher than
         | average levels of elderly people, obese people, and of the
         | ethnic groups most impacted by the virus, low appetite for
         | strict enforcement of lockdowns, and low levels of government
         | control over everyday living.
         | 
         | Other countries had some of these factors. Few if any had all
         | of these factors.
         | 
         | What happened next? The vaccines turned out to be really
         | effective.
        
           | phatfish wrote:
           | "Few if any had all of these factors."
           | 
           | The UK certainly doesn't have all of them for a start.
           | 
           | The lock-downs had high levels of compliance, just a lot of
           | people moaning from their sofa (or whatever soapbox they have
           | available, reach varies greatly, inversely with intelligence
           | in many cases).
           | 
           | Population density, travel hub, obesity levels, delayed first
           | lock-down would be my list.
        
         | JetSetWilly wrote:
         | Probably schools and universities being closed.
         | 
         | I'd support this by noting that the numbers in Scotland surged
         | earlier then started declining earlier (where universities and
         | schools go on summer holidays weeks before England). When
         | English schools later broke up for summer, numbers there
         | started declining too.
         | 
         | So no doubt numbers will start going up again when school
         | returns, and will do so first in Scotland - as the virus burns
         | through the young, unvaccinated population.
        
           | gsnedders wrote:
           | Not sure it's quite this simple; look at the overall case by
           | specimen and age demographics graphs on https://coronavirus.d
           | ata.gov.uk/details/cases?areaType=natio... (England only,
           | because the data for rUK isn't available).
           | 
           | Note the peak is around a week _prior_ the end of the school
           | term in England (23 July), and this is true across basically
           | all age groups.
        
             | shawabawa3 wrote:
             | The Euro finals were on 11th July and for a lot of schools
             | the holidays started on the 15th July
        
             | drcongo wrote:
             | Most of England's private schools broke up one week prior
             | to the state schools.
        
               | de_keyboard wrote:
               | Most children don't go to private schools.
        
           | jtbayly wrote:
           | But if it rose earlier and fell earlier, the simplest
           | explanation is simply that the course of the disease was...
           | earlier there, isn't it?
        
             | JetSetWilly wrote:
             | It is possible, but there's still large cohorts of the
             | population (ie under 18s) who have not had the virus and
             | are not vaccinated, you would expect that when they go back
             | to large scale mixing in schools together that transmission
             | will increase among them and case numbers will go up.
             | 
             | And this isn't really an issue so long as the overwhelming
             | majority of the old and vulnerable are vaccinated. But
             | there still the potential for scary looking case numbers
             | but not so much death numbers.
        
           | 3dbrows wrote:
           | The staggered school return times you mention could be one
           | factor (as could better weather resulting in outdoor
           | socialising instead of indoor). The effect when schools
           | return (~2 weeks from now in Scotland) might be muted however
           | as hundreds of thousands more vaccinations will have been
           | done in the parent-age population. In Scotland, for example,
           | over 90% of adults have received the first dose, and 72% the
           | second (implying that ~18% are in the waiting period for the
           | 2nd). Perhaps we should expect to see a spike in cases in
           | children, but not so much among their parents.
        
             | bigbizisverywyz wrote:
             | Did we not see the same effect last year (probably for the
             | reasons you mentioned)? Numbers declined in summer, but
             | then massively rose again in Oct-Nov.
             | 
             | I think this Autumn will reveal whether the vaccinations
             | are giving us the protection needed to gradually open up
             | society again.
             | 
             | For my part I really hope it does, as it will also
             | encourage other countries to do the same and give the
             | vaccination campaign a worldwide boost.
        
               | 3dbrows wrote:
               | Let's hope the peak just gone is the last big spike. In
               | the final analysis I imagine the British public's
               | _willingness_ to get the jab will be seen as an enormous
               | success factor, on top of the vaccine itself's efficacy.
               | This willingness merits study. High social trust of the
               | NHS, historic common understanding of vaccines and
               | everyone knowing someone affected by the virus all play
               | their part. As an aside, I believe this to have been the
               | NHS' finest hour, and in future "the pandemic" will
               | replace "the war" as the lynchpin reference point in
               | time, as it were.
        
               | makomk wrote:
               | The UK government definitely seems to consider the
               | British public's willingness to get vaccinated to be one
               | of the key parts of the success story, from what I've
               | seen. I will also say that their handling of issues like
               | the AstraZeneca blood clotting issue has been really good
               | compared to the shitshows elsewhere - careful, measured,
               | with really clear communication about what they know and
               | why it justifies the decisions about whether to vaccinate
               | people with it.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | jjgreen wrote:
         | The collapse (unexpected by almost everyone) happened after
         | "freedom day", when masks were no longer mandatory and it
         | became legal to stand at the bar in a pub. Probably co-
         | incidence.
        
           | lumost wrote:
           | There are many coincidences and spurious correlations in the
           | world. It's informative to propose a falsifiable mechanism
           | behind a correlation which can be tested independently.
           | 
           | I could reframe your hypothesis in a falsifiable way such as
           | "perhaps ending lockdowns in the UK caused individuals to
           | spend more time outdoors or in open air restaurants rather
           | than smaller closed doors activities such as dinner parties",
           | or "perhaps ending lockdowns in the UK caused people to spend
           | more time in other locations rather than large shared
           | ventilation apartment complexes".
        
             | jjgreen wrote:
             | I make no hypothesis, simply note the order in which things
             | happened (in England at least) as requested by the parent.
        
           | shawabawa3 wrote:
           | The drop actually started before freedom day. There's usually
           | about a 2 week period between "cause" and "effect" in terms
           | of cases anyway.
           | 
           | It's much more likely to have peaked because of Euro finals
           | on 11th July and school holidays starting on 15th July
        
           | GuB-42 wrote:
           | It has to be a coincidence. It happened almost the exact day,
           | maybe even a little earlier.
           | 
           | It should take about a week to start seeing the effect of a
           | change in policy. From incubation time to testing to results.
           | Usually, we count two weeks to be sure.
        
             | thinkingemote wrote:
             | The day restrictions were lifted was itself postponed from
             | the previous month. Modelling was used to predict the day.
             | 
             | It could be coincidence but this date was planned and
             | intentional.
        
             | coding123 wrote:
             | Also people ditch the mask when they are "close enough" to
             | the day. I saw the masks drop as early as a month before
             | that date. I really don't think 100% of the shoppers in my
             | grocery stores were vaccinated.
        
           | mjw1007 wrote:
           | More likely the causality goes the other way: if the models
           | hadn't predicted (as they did) that cases would peak around
           | that time, "freedom day" would have been scheduled for later.
        
             | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
             | That's not how it happened: the date was set well in
             | advance, and the drop at that time was not predicted.
        
             | jtbayly wrote:
             | Models predicted this? Link, please.
             | 
             | From this article:
             | 
             | > "Something strange is happening in Britain," the
             | Washington Post declared this week. "COVID cases are
             | plummeting instead of soaring." A few weeks ago, when the
             | country's new daily-case total was around 60,000, the
             | prominent British epidemiologist and government adviser
             | Neil Ferguson declared that a rise to 100,000 a day was
             | inevitable, and that 200,000 a day was possible. The
             | country is now at 27,000 and falling.
        
               | mjw1007 wrote:
               | Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases
               | model:
               | 
               | https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploa
               | ds/...
               | 
               | That's showing hospitalisations rather than cases, and
               | most scenarios show the peak in early August.
               | Hospitalisations lag cases, and it looks like early
               | August will be right: we haven't seen the peak yet.
        
               | jtbayly wrote:
               | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/uk-daily-covid-
               | admissions...
               | 
               | Peak was several days ago.
        
               | mjw1007 wrote:
               | It's bit early to be sure yet (the UK fall in cases has
               | slowed greatly in the last week), but if that turns out
               | to be true "the models predicted that cases would peak
               | around that time" would still be OK for the purposes of
               | this thread: the point is that it's unsurprising that
               | cases began to fall within a week or two of "freedom
               | day".
        
         | ddek wrote:
         | Tentative signs the virus has burned out, either through
         | infections or vaccinations. The wave has been entirely confined
         | to the younger age brackets who are far less vaccinated.[1]
         | 
         | Being in central London right now, through anecdotal evidence I
         | don't think we've suddenly become less sociable.
         | 
         | - [1] UK infections grouped by age. School years 6, 7, 11, and
         | 12 are ages 11, 12, 17, and 18 respectively.
         | https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthan...
        
           | smorgusofborg wrote:
           | The Massachusetts study is rather confusing about delta and
           | vaccination, but I think it emphasizes that demographics of
           | who is socializing is skewed. So it might have burned out
           | among those in the nightlife and still be highly dangerous
           | among pensioners.
        
           | wrboyce wrote:
           | I don't think those ages are right (the maths do not follow,
           | so I'm almost certain they are not). In y11 you turn 16, not
           | 17.
           | 
           | https://www.gov.uk/national-curriculum
        
             | ddek wrote:
             | Your right, I forgot about y13 being the last year. Y11 is
             | GCSE year which ends at 16. I'm not sure why the the age
             | brackets don't go up to Y13, when school ends.
        
       | 0xTJ wrote:
       | This gives me hope for Canada, where I am, won't face too many
       | issues even as we slowly start to tick up from the bottom since
       | major reopening happened, allowing indoor dining etc.
       | 
       | In the last week, we've passed the UK in number of fully
       | vaccinated people, but that's going to be slowing down as we
       | start running of people who got their first dose during the big
       | surge in shots here. Unfortunately, at 64% of the total
       | population getting a first dose, the steep straight line in first
       | doses suddenly curved to a much shallower straight line, to a
       | rate similar to the current UK and US ones.
       | 
       | I find the Our World In Data Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) data
       | (https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus) very interesting.
       | 
       | It doesn't help that Alberta, our country's Texas, has decided to
       | fully open everything and get rid of their requirements. Starting
       | 2 weeks from now, you won't even have to self-isolate if you
       | _test positive for_ COVID-19.
        
         | aquadrop wrote:
         | When Texas removed mask mandate in March there were such claims
         | as well ("it will be so bad, Texas is doomed"), but nothing
         | happened and cases continued to go down as in rest of the
         | country.
        
         | 908B64B197 wrote:
         | > It doesn't help that Alberta, our country's Texas, has
         | decided to fully open everything and get rid of their
         | requirements. Starting 2 weeks from now, you won't even have to
         | self-isolate if you test positive for COVID-19.
         | 
         | Just close down the border with them.
        
         | neither_color wrote:
         | Since when is Texas a pejorative? By itself it would be a world
         | top-15 economy, and its pandemic performance was not an outlier
         | or exceptional. If anything it, along with Florida,
         | demonstrated that extremely strict lockdowns don't correlate to
         | better outcomes. Nothing like Alberta.
        
           | majormajor wrote:
           | The numbers I've seen are that death rate per capita has been
           | lowering California than Florida so far, so while I think
           | investigation should be done about about "were the outcomes
           | so much better to justify whatever additional cost[0]" I
           | haven't seen anything suggesting that public health measures
           | haven't had any effect.
           | 
           | We should, of course, also wait until things have actually
           | settled down and we don't keep having more periodic surges...
           | 
           | [0] how costly, exactly, things have been is another question
           | that needs more investigation, especially for all types of
           | interventions. E.g. if, after 2022, nowhere in the US
           | institutes another Covid mask mandate or lockdown, all the
           | folks hysterical about how "Covid is just an excuse for
           | democrats to take your freedoms away and never give it back"
           | should rethink a few things.
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | Florida also has a lot more residents in the vulnerable 65+
             | age group. So all else being equal we would expect Florida
             | to have a much higher death rate.
        
               | dcolkitt wrote:
               | On the flip side, Florida has year round warm weather and
               | sunshine. Not only does that sanitize viral particles,
               | but it makes it easier to move socialization outdoors.
        
           | techrat wrote:
           | > Since when is Texas a pejorative?
           | 
           | 'Pray for rain' type politicians and Taliban style
           | government. (Rick Perry, the Bushes, Paxton and Abbott)
           | 
           | Cronyism run rampant.
           | 
           | Some of the most corrupt corporations.
           | 
           | The electrical grid collapse/Result of letting corporations
           | 'regulate themselves'
           | 
           | Cowboyism/Ignorance as a virtue.
           | 
           | One the most polluted states.
           | 
           | The only reason Texas can be in the world top 15 economy is
           | due to population and landmass size, along with its
           | dependency on oil. But given Texas is second in state
           | population behind California and California is #5 in the
           | world, I'd argue it's not doing _as well as it could be._
           | 
           | Oh, and the weather in Texas is less preferable to having a
           | weasel clamp down on your balls.
        
             | fm34t wrote:
             | You are a toe-jobbing choad.
        
           | michaelt wrote:
           | Who said Texas was a pejorative?
        
             | neither_color wrote:
             | The derisive comparison to Alberta implies that Alberta is
             | making a terrible mistake that somehow Texas made.
        
           | brnt wrote:
           | Mildly amusing that your sole defense is the size of the
           | economy.
        
           | nawgz wrote:
           | Don't you think that both of these very red states are likely
           | to have fudged the data the most out of anyone? I have seen
           | that the numbers aren't so much worse than other places but I
           | struggle to believe the data coming from these places.
           | 
           | Additionally, pandemic aside, it should be clear that their
           | policies are rooted entirely in oligarchy and have no concern
           | for the population or its health (short- or long-term), their
           | racism and misogyny are reaching to very regressive places
           | (abortion bill), and their lack of regulation regularly leads
           | to comical failures of infrastructure.
        
             | merpnderp wrote:
             | So your political prejudices are causing you to grasp at
             | conspiracy theories? This is umpossible on the internet!
        
               | nawgz wrote:
               | Actually, it's not really my political leanings that are
               | causing this, it's my observation of a complete
               | Republican disregard for any COVID measures whatsoever
               | that is leading me to this next thought. Anti-mask, anti-
               | vax, anti-social-distancing policies are generally
               | Republican. Accordingly, with their complete disregard
               | for the virus / vaccine and what I view as facts about
               | it, I find it to be a small leap to imagine their data
               | reporting around COVID would be similarly lackadaisical /
               | more motivated by politic than fact.
               | 
               | Hopefully you understand I am not American so some ad
               | hominems aren't so effective here.
        
               | merpnderp wrote:
               | Okay Mr. Facts, show me the breakdown of vaccine rates by
               | different groups. And then tell me about how all those
               | groups lean Republican. Because in my state it is groups
               | who overwhelmingly vote democrat who make up the vast
               | majority of unvaccinated. But I have a feeling that
               | bashing Republicans for not getting vaccinated is a lot
               | like publicly pronouncing your hatred of pineapple pizza.
               | Just something the cool kids do.
               | 
               | And when you say complete disregard for the
               | virus/vaccine, show me some facts that back it up. Like
               | "complete disregard" means no republicans got vaccinated?
               | None of them said vaccines work and to please get
               | vaccinated? Like share some of these facts that you base
               | this on and show me it isn't your political bias.
        
               | nawgz wrote:
               | > show me the breakdown of vaccine rates by different
               | groups
               | 
               | Well, here's the first google result of such a search:
               | https://www.kff.org/policy-watch/the-red-blue-divide-in-
               | covi...
               | 
               | > in my state
               | 
               | Who cares about "your state" which is clearly just
               | anecdata? This is a national trend where Republicans shun
               | mask mandates and vaccines. That article above provides
               | more links for the vaccine related claims
               | 
               | > when you say complete disregard for the virus/vaccine,
               | show me some facts that back it up
               | 
               | How's this for size - Florida (you know, a famously
               | Republican state with a Republican governor) is
               | threatening to withhold EDUCATION FUNDING from school
               | districts that have mask mandates: https://www.politico.c
               | om/states/florida/story/2021/07/30/des...
               | 
               | I could go on, but you are being very emotionally charged
               | and disregarding a lot of very obvious rhetoric to try
               | and make a blatantly false point.
        
           | nyokodo wrote:
           | > Since when is Texas a pejorative?
           | 
           | Alberta is Canada's biggest oil producing region similar to
           | Texas. I do not think it was meant as a pejorative.
        
           | munificent wrote:
           | The death rate in Florida is 180/100k [1]. That's pretty
           | close to the national average. If the entire US had gone like
           | Florida, then instead of 613k deaths, we'd have 590k. So,
           | yes, Florida was better than average despite not having a
           | severe lockdown. But Florida also has fairly separated
           | populations: a lot of old people very likely to get
           | vaccinated, and a lot of young people very likely to survive.
           | 
           | For comparison, Oregon had a pretty hard lockdown. Its death
           | rate is 68/100k. If the entire US had that same death rate,
           | 390,000 Americans would still be alive today.
           | 
           | If you look at the data, it is clear that lockdown is not the
           | _only_ thing affecting death rate. But it also seems pretty
           | obvious that social distancing did have a significant impact
           | on the number of people who died. There are thousands of
           | Americans that are dead today because people wanted to go to
           | a party, or a restaurant, or a wedding.
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1109011/coronavirus-
           | covi...
        
             | edmundsauto wrote:
             | Didn't Florida just set an all-time 1 day record for new
             | case counts last week? These numbers might shift
             | significantly in the next month or two.
        
           | cvwright wrote:
           | I think it's more that they both have cowboys.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgary_Stampede
        
         | goalieca wrote:
         | > Starting 2 weeks from now, you won't even have to self-
         | isolate if you test positive for COVID-19.
         | 
         | This is a loaded question, but since covid is and will be
         | endemic, when do we get on with our lives and start facing the
         | mountains of other public health issues? It seems like our
         | vaccination effort was extremely successful and had an amazing
         | effect and there isn't likely to be any radical new
         | intervention for years to come.
        
           | mint2 wrote:
           | Isn't it standard practice to set isolate if one has any
           | highly contagious disease? Like the actual flu? Maybe it's
           | not a law but it sure is a sensical cultural norm and is just
           | the polite thing to do as well.
        
             | dahfizz wrote:
             | > Maybe it's not a law but it sure is a sensical cultural
             | norm and is just the polite thing to do as well.
             | 
             | OP is clearly talking about Alberta changing the laws about
             | self-isolation. At some point, we are going to have to
             | transition to using the same 'cultural norm' framework in
             | dealing with Covid that we do with the flu.
        
               | dcolkitt wrote:
               | Alternatively we could take this as a chance to re-frame
               | some of the dysfunctional pre-existing cultural norms
               | around respiratory infection. Especially the widespread
               | notion that only wimps and slackers use sick days.
        
             | ls612 wrote:
             | Not for 10-14 days!! To the extent most people care they
             | either stay home until they feel better or they try to
             | power through it.
        
               | nicoburns wrote:
               | If you have actual flu then it wouldn't be uncommon to be
               | ill for that long
        
               | ls612 wrote:
               | For vaccinated people covid is not at all like the actual
               | flu, it is very much a cold at worst. That is the kind of
               | disease I and the poster above me were referencing
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | For unvaccinated people it can be quite a bit worse than
               | the flu. The degree of empathy afforded those folks seems
               | to be a subject of active debate I guess...
        
               | ls612 wrote:
               | The good news for them is that it's easier than ever for
               | them to change their status
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | Other than people with compromised immune systems, or
               | people who are trying not to spread the virus to small
               | children for whom the vaccine isn't approved yet.
               | 
               | I'm all for being annoyed people who could get the
               | vaccine but decided not to, but we shouldn't throw the
               | actual babies out with the proverbial bathwater, right?
        
               | moron4hire wrote:
               | When this all started, there was a blase attitude towards
               | obese people being at higher risk for severe cases from a
               | lot of people. There was a lot of argument about whether
               | being obese was a "choice", worth ignoring the class of
               | people as it being "their own fault".
               | 
               | Now, whatever you think about the obesity issue, I think
               | we can definitely agree that there is no way 40% of the
               | US adult population have some kind of complications
               | preventing then from getting vaccinated. For the vast
               | majority of people, not getting vaccinated is definitely
               | a choice they made, and one that can easily be corrected.
               | 
               | And let's be real, here. We all know who these people
               | are. They're the same people who bitched about wearing
               | masks and not being able to go get a haircut at their
               | immediate convenience. They voted for Trump and they
               | stormed the capital, then tried to call it a tourist
               | visit.
               | 
               | So no, I really don't have a lot of empathy for them,
               | considering how little was afforded to me and my family.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | I agree that there are an awful lot of really
               | unsympathetic people who haven't gotten vaccinated, but
               | that seems like an unfortunate side-issue. We can ignore
               | them all and say: sure, but there are still people who
               | have compromised immune systems, etc, so we should try to
               | minimize the spread for them (of course, people who have
               | really compromised immune systems are also used to
               | avoiding situations where they can get sick I guess, so
               | this is a team project). Even if the majority of people
               | who aren't vaccinated are annoying, the existence of good
               | people is a sufficient condition to be careful.
               | 
               | For me, this doesn't necessarily mean totally isolating,
               | though -- just things like wearing a mask in stores,
               | dining outside when I want to go to a restaurant, etc.
        
             | heavyset_go wrote:
             | At least where I've lived, no, the standard practice is to
             | "work through" the illness and give it to everyone you come
             | in contact with while talking about how it's no big deal
             | because your immune system is strong and you aren't a
             | pussy.
        
               | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
               | The UK has, or had a strong culture of "it's just a cold,
               | I'm actually fine, I'm Ok to work today, really".
               | 
               | I am hoping that this bad habit has died unmourned during
               | the COVID pandemic. I have no intention of of commuting
               | to an office when I have a cold, and every intention of
               | telling others who have one to go home already.
        
             | frumper wrote:
             | Some kids NEVER miss a day of school. I've known many
             | people proud of that. I've seen that attitude in adults as
             | well.
        
               | nicoburns wrote:
               | My school actually used to give out awards for it, which
               | always used to annoy me as I generally had 100%
               | attendance excepting 1 or 2 days off for illness each
               | year.
        
           | brundolf wrote:
           | Is it inconceivable that we could have an "updated" RNA
           | vaccine for the new variant in a matter of months? We get a
           | new flu shot every year
        
           | anyonecancode wrote:
           | I'd imagine not too long after safe and effective vaccines
           | are authorized for children under 12. At that point the
           | majority of those who actively want protection will be able
           | to get it. This is not the same as saying _all_ who want
           | protection will get it, since no vaccine is 100% effective,
           | and some people who would like to be vaccinated will not be
           | able to because of health conditions or other circumstances,
           | but I suspect society as a whole will decide "close enough."
           | 
           | I'm not saying I necessarily agree with that -- I think the
           | number of "people who want protection but can't get it" will
           | be uncomfortably large -- but this is my guess of when
           | society as a whole will decide to move on.
           | 
           | Honestly, I think this means the future looks like the
           | present, but more so. The places that will be hit the hardest
           | will be more working class and in places that under invest in
           | health and welfare. That's already the current trend,
           | certainly in the US -- look at where medicaid expansion
           | following the ACA has and hasn't happened, for instance, and
           | who has access to decent health care and who doesn't. In some
           | ways I think we're lurching back to previous centuries, where
           | diseases like cholera, dysentry, typhus, etc were endemic,
           | and could certainly affect the wealthy and professional
           | classes, but were primarily scourges of the working class.
        
             | timr wrote:
             | > I'd imagine not too long after safe and effective
             | vaccines are authorized for children under 12.
             | 
             | Children are at _exceptionally low risk_ from Covid. It 's
             | time to stop with fear, uncertainty and doubt, and deal
             | with facts.
             | 
             | https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01897-w
             | 
             | In the US, 340 children under 17 have died from Covid.
             | Total. During the same period, 187 have died from the flu,
             | and _over 51,000 children have died from all causes:_
             | 
             | https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/covid_weekly/index.htm#S
             | e...
             | 
             | The reason the vaccines aren't being approved for children
             | is that there is compelling evidence that children are at
             | greater risk from the vaccines than the virus. This is why
             | (for example) approval for vaccination of children and
             | teenagers is split across Europe, and the UK has restricted
             | access to only children with known vulnerabilities:
             | 
             | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-07-19/u-k-to-
             | gi...
             | 
             | https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/european-
             | countries...
             | 
             | > At that point the majority of those who actively want
             | protection will be able to get it.
             | 
             | This is less about what the children want, and more about
             | _anxious adults_ want, and that is unconscionable. Kids are
             | largely at the mercy of their parents, so it 's essential
             | that the regulatory bodies tread carefully on this issue.
             | We don't need kids to be vaccinated to reduce Covid to a
             | manageable seasonal illness on par with the flu.
        
               | colordrops wrote:
               | I'm curious why this comment is being downvoted. Anyone
               | wish to comment?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | phatfish wrote:
               | The commenter claims to want to removed "FUD" from the
               | dialogue.
               | 
               | Then proceeds to dispense with their own "FUD" about
               | scared parents desperately trying to vaccinate their
               | children.
               | 
               | Apparently no one else can think for themselves.
        
               | basch wrote:
               | If I had to guess (and maybe I shouldnt be speaking as I
               | didnt downvote), its a combination of "It's time to stop
               | with fear, uncertainty and doubt, and deal with facts"
               | followed by unsubstantiated "compelling evidence that
               | children are at greater risk from the vaccines than the
               | virus."
               | 
               | The "time to stop with fear" and to stop catering to
               | "anxious adults" can equally apply to this persons
               | crusade to not vaccinate children. A mild mannered
               | moderate can both not be scared of their children having
               | a severe covid reaction AND get their child a jab when
               | its available, if risk assessment reveals there to be
               | benefit.
        
               | colordrops wrote:
               | When you say "unsubstantiated", what do you mean? The
               | post contained links with references from fairly
               | reputable sources.
        
               | timr wrote:
               | > its a combination of "It's time to stop with fear,
               | uncertainty and doubt, and deal with facts" followed by
               | unsubstantiated "compelling evidence that children are at
               | greater risk from the vaccines than the virus."
               | 
               | The links I provided -- particularly the last three --
               | document the points I made regarding relative risk. You
               | just have to read them.
        
               | jkhdigital wrote:
               | > This is less about what the children want, and more
               | about _anxious adults_ want, and that is unconscionable.
               | 
               | You could say that about basically the entire
               | relationship that society has with children nowadays...
               | tragically.
        
               | walshemj wrote:
               | You are aware in the past the kids at schools are a large
               | vector for colds etc which they then give to their
               | parents who infect their co workers
               | 
               | Why would covid 19 be any different.
               | 
               | And that's ignoring any potential long term organ damage.
        
               | munificent wrote:
               | From the Nature article you linked to:
               | 
               |  _> The studies did not evaluate rates of less-severe
               | illness or debilitating 'long COVID' symptoms that can
               | linger months after the acute phase of the infection has
               | past. "The low rate of severe acute disease is important
               | news, but this does not have to mean that COVID does not
               | matter to children," says paediatrician Danilo Buonsenso
               | at the Gemelli University Hospital in Rome. "Please,
               | let's keep attention -- as much as is feasible -- on
               | immunization."_
               | 
               | Death is not the only bad outcome to be avoided.
               | 
               |  _> The reason the vaccines aren 't being approved for
               | children is that there is compelling evidence that
               | children are at greater risk from the vaccines than the
               | virus._
               | 
               | A Nature article [0] says:
               | 
               |  _> Most of those affected have recovered, and the data
               | suggest that the risk of these conditions is "extremely
               | low", says paediatrician David Pace at the University of
               | Malta in Msida -- about 67 cases per million second doses
               | in adolescent males aged 12-17, and 9 per million in
               | adolescent females in the same age group._
               | 
               | There are ~48 million kids under 12 in the US. Assuming
               | they are evenly split between male and female, that would
               | mean 1,824 cases of myocarditis and pericarditis if 100%
               | of them were vaccinated. Given that nowhere near 100% of
               | children have been exposed to COVID and yet 340 have
               | died, I don't see clear evidence here that the vaccine is
               | more risky than not being vaccinated.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01898-9
        
               | timr wrote:
               | > Death is not the only bad outcome to be avoided.
               | 
               | And this is yet another illustration of the point I was
               | making about fear, uncertainty and doubt: the Nature
               | article didn't say that there is proof that children will
               | have "long Covid"...it says that these particular studies
               | _didn 't address the question_.
               | 
               | By this standard, anyone can make up any speculation of
               | something that _might_ happen to children someday, and we
               | 'll use that speculation to demand fearful responses,
               | indefinitely. There is no end to this logic.
               | 
               | Fortunately, the _well-controlled_ evidence is
               | increasingly pointing to the conclusion that  "long
               | Covid" is not a serious risk to children -- and that,
               | more generally, Covid appears to be similar to other
               | viral infections in terms of long-term symptoms:
               | 
               | https://twitter.com/apsmunro/status/1421415741706981376
               | 
               | Again, lots of hysterical speculation in this area, not
               | much good data. But the better the data gets, the less
               | legitimate the early, speculative claims appear.
               | 
               | > There are ~48 million kids under 12 in the US. Assuming
               | they are evenly split between male and female, that would
               | mean 1,824 cases of myocarditis and pericarditis if 100%
               | of them were vaccinated.
               | 
               | The myocarditis issue disproportionately affects young
               | boys. Your calculation is incorrect.
               | 
               | > Given that nowhere near 100% of children have been
               | exposed to COVID and yet 340 have died, I don't see clear
               | evidence here that the vaccine is more risky than not
               | being vaccinated.
               | 
               | Be that as it may, the UK and about half of the EU
               | countries disagree with your assessment, including a
               | number of experts here in the US, as well:
               | 
               | https://www.medpagetoday.com/opinion/second-
               | opinions/93340
        
               | munificent wrote:
               | _> By this standard, anyone can make up any speculation
               | of something that might happen to children someday, and
               | we 'll use that speculation to demand fearful responses,
               | indefinitely._
               | 
               | You are _also_ speculating, but simply about different
               | things. You 're speculating about harm from the vaccine,
               | or about infection that _don 't_ happen. One way to avoid
               | going down that speculation rabbithole is to defer to
               | experts whose job it is to weigh the pros and cons and
               | crunch the numbers.
               | 
               | https://services.aap.org/en/news-room/news-
               | releases/aap/2021...
               | 
               | "The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends
               | vaccinating all children ages 12 and older who are
               | eligible for the federally authorized COVID-19 vaccine."
               | 
               | https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recomm
               | end...
               | 
               | "CDC recommends everyone 12 years and older should get a
               | COVID-19 vaccination to help protect against COVID-19."
               | 
               | https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-
               | diseas...
               | 
               | "Yes. Experts, including those at Johns Hopkins, believe
               | that the benefits of being vaccinated for COVID-19
               | outweigh the risks. Although COVID-19 in children is
               | usually milder than in adults, some kids can get very
               | sick and have complications or long-lasting symptoms that
               | affect their health and well-being. The virus can cause
               | death in children although this is rarer than for
               | adults."
               | 
               |  _> The myocarditis issue disproportionately affects
               | young boys. Your calculation is incorrect._
               | 
               | I took that into account when calculating.
               | 
               |  _> including a number of experts here in the US_
               | 
               | At national scale, you can find experts that will tell
               | you anything. The consensus opinion of the major US
               | health authorities is that the vaccine is a net benefit
               | for children.
        
               | timr wrote:
               | > You are also speculating, but simply about different
               | things. You're speculating about harm from the vaccine,
               | 
               | No, I've provided evidence of that. It's not speculation:
               | _young boys are seeing disproportionate levels of
               | vaccine-induced myocarditis_
               | 
               | > One way to avoid going down that speculation rabbithole
               | is to defer to experts whose job it is to weigh the pros
               | and cons and crunch the numbers
               | 
               | Indeed, that's all I've done here.
               | 
               | > "The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends
               | vaccinating all children ages 12 and older who are
               | eligible for the federally authorized COVID-19 vaccine."
               | 
               | We're talking about kids under 12.
               | 
               | > "CDC recommends everyone 12 years and older should get
               | a COVID-19 vaccination to help protect against COVID-19."
               | 
               | We're talking about kids under 12.
               | 
               | > Experts, including those at Johns Hopkins, believe that
               | the benefits of being vaccinated for COVID-19 outweigh
               | the risks.
               | 
               | And other experts disagree with those experts (the ones I
               | linked to, above). Now what?
               | 
               | That's the problem with blind appeals to authority...you
               | can always find another authority. I'm getting pretty
               | tired of seeing news reporters credulously using the
               | phrase "experts say", and applying no critical thought to
               | what they're actually saying.
               | 
               | In this case, you can find legitimate "experts" on both
               | sides of the debate, and both deserve to be heard.
        
               | manwe150 wrote:
               | I agree there is a lot of hysterical speculation, around
               | everything from the initial high death rates to the
               | supposed benefits of HCQ. And slowly we have need to
               | attempt to re-evaluate the data, when it is possible. I
               | really wonder how we could get that data more accurately
               | in the future, without all of the inherent privacy
               | implications and dangers from collecting it.
               | 
               | The article also mentions that most of those myocarditis
               | have already recovered while none of those dead came back
               | to life (I am assuming so anyways). Since I see you post
               | to COVID questions often, what would you consider to be
               | "more risky?" It is clear teens are on the low end of
               | personal risk from COVID, but they also put others at
               | increased risk of complications, such as their parents,
               | in addition to their own mild risks.
        
               | dude187 wrote:
               | The problem is that none of the risk analysis takes into
               | account freedom and happiness. Not every injury is worth
               | avoiding at all costs.
        
               | anyonecancode wrote:
               | > Children are at exceptionally low risk from Covid.
               | 
               | Let's hope the die keep rolling up to that result with
               | each succeeding variant!
        
               | colordrops wrote:
               | Could say the same about the flu, no? How do you think
               | the flu got so deadly in 1918? Far more deadly than Covid
               | by the way.
        
               | AndrewBissell wrote:
               | It was actually the perverse effects on viral selection
               | created by World War I. The relatively mild first wave
               | turned into a deadly second wave because soldiers who
               | became mildly ill stayed put in the trenches, while those
               | who had severe cases were put on trains and sent to
               | crowded field hospitals, where they spread the more
               | lethal variants.
               | 
               | If they simply suppress symptoms without reducing
               | transmission, the current vaccines being administered may
               | have a similar perverse evolutionary effect (although at
               | least they're not _actively_ selecting for worse
               | strains).
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | timr wrote:
               | This is a perfect illustration of the point. In the face
               | of ample documented evidence of the actual risk, your
               | response is to speculate wildly about future events that
               | are _completely inconsistent_ with what we know.
        
               | anyonecancode wrote:
               | First, I'll note that my initial comment was in the
               | context of "when do we get on with our lives", which I
               | took as a different question from "when _should_ we get
               | on with our lives." What I think we _should_ do is not
               | the same as what I think we _will_ do. Plenty of debate
               | to be had around the "should" question of course, but it
               | is a different question.
               | 
               | That noted, and since I did engage in your comment on the
               | risk to children, I am curious about your statement that
               | my response is inconsistent with what we know. As I
               | understand it, we don't actually know why children have
               | been less susceptible to illness so far, do we? I've seen
               | plenty of theorizing, but I haven't seen any reporting
               | indicating these are more than theories so far. If
               | there's some reliable reporting on this topic I missed,
               | I'd definitely be happy to see it!
        
               | dude187 wrote:
               | The response to controlling people and taking away their
               | freedom in the name of COVID has been ran deliberately
               | and openly run through fear mongering. It's no wonder
               | people keep defaulting to that, but we must actively
               | reject and counter fear mongering.
        
               | ericb wrote:
               | > run through fear mongering
               | 
               | More than 4 million people have died so far. If you're
               | going to say it was "fear mongering" then buzz off.
        
               | majormajor wrote:
               | The "give up and let it be endemic forever" defeatism
               | attitude appears very statistically foolish.
               | 
               | It's likely, yes, but why on earth would we want to just
               | accept that?
               | 
               | The flu, for instance, bounces around in severity and
               | kills tens of thousands per year in the US. Few of those
               | are kids, so what? If we're happy to let the virus
               | continue to transmit in _any_ populations, it 'll change
               | in various ways. One year a variant may pop up that'll be
               | more harmful to those kids. At some other point a variant
               | may pop up that'll be more elusive against adult
               | immunity, etc. Over years, how many lives does that add
               | up to? Why wouldn't we aggressively try to vaccinate as
               | many people as possible before those things happen?
               | 
               | Success wouldn't be guaranteed _even if people weren 't
               | opposed to it for various spurious reasons_ but it would
               | be nice if we believed we could accomplish hard things...
        
               | lordloki wrote:
               | Is it defeatism or just accepting reality? What are the
               | chances that Covid19 is ever globally eradicated?
        
               | timr wrote:
               | > The "give up and let it be endemic forever" defeatism
               | attitude appears very statistically foolish.
               | 
               | Well first, that has nothing to do with what I wrote. I
               | made a very specific argument about how fear -- hysteria,
               | really -- is driving our reaction to what is right to do
               | for children.
               | 
               | But second, it _isn 't_ "statistically foolish"...it's
               | just a basic understanding of biology and our rather poor
               | history of eradicating viral diseases. Statistics don't
               | come into play here either way.
               | 
               | Reasonable people can disagree on whether or not Covid
               | _can_ be eradicated, but you have to be delusional to
               | think that this will be accomplished on any sort of
               | timeline that is relevant to our lifetimes.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | Since there are animal reservoirs for SARS-CoV-2, the
               | virus will always be endemic regardless of what we do.
               | That's not defeatism, just scientific reality.
        
               | ericb wrote:
               | From delta, we clearly have evidence that on a short
               | timeframe a version with _wildly_ enhanced
               | transmissibility has evolved. So speculating that changes
               | will continue is reasonable. Additionally, we know that
               | leaky vaccines and continued spread may cause greater
               | pathogenicity.
               | 
               | > https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.137
               | 1/jou...
               | 
               | So that's not wild speculation, it's a well-educated
               | concern.
        
               | timr wrote:
               | > we clearly have evidence that on a short timeframe a
               | version with _wildly_ enhanced transmissibility has
               | evolved. So speculating that changes will continue is
               | reasonable.
               | 
               | So let's be clear: the claim is that the virus _can_
               | mutate, therefore, any particular _outcome_ is equally
               | likely?
               | 
               | If I speculate that the virus will mutate into a
               | hemorrhagic fever, like marburg or ebola, is that
               | reasonable?
               | 
               | If I speculate that the virus will lose its
               | pathogenicity, is that reasonable?
               | 
               | (hint: all of our best data suggests that the IFR of the
               | Delta strain is considerably lower than previous strains:
               | https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploa
               | ds/...)
               | 
               | There's obviously a limit to how much you can speculate
               | about "continued change". At some point, it just becomes
               | a scary story.
        
               | ericb wrote:
               | > the claim is that the virus can mutate, therefore, any
               | particular outcome is equally likely?
               | 
               | No.
               | 
               | Did you actually read the study I linked?
               | 
               | Outcomes that enhance transmissibility are always being
               | selected for. Things like higher viral load in the
               | vaccinated.
               | 
               | That which spreads, spreads.
               | 
               | All things being equal, pathogenicity is neutral and gets
               | down-selected when the pathogenicity conflicts with the
               | ability to spread. But with two different populations,
               | the feedback loop that of down-selective pressure against
               | spread limitations due to pathogenicity may be broken. If
               | it spreads in one population which requires
               | characteristics that make it lethal in the other
               | population.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | The reason to not want children to get COVID is that they
               | will spread it to their parents and grandparents, who are
               | more vulnerable. It's not about whether the children will
               | die, which everyone agrees is very low probability.
        
               | dcolkitt wrote:
               | It's an interesting point, and I'm relatively neutral on
               | all the underlying empirical claims. _But_ taking the
               | assumptions as a given, doesn't this violate the
               | Hippocratic Oath?
               | 
               | Physicians are ethically forbidden from recommending a
               | medical treatment that's a harm to the patient, even if
               | it's in the interest of society.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | The parents and grandparents who want to be vaccinated
               | already have been.
        
               | realreality wrote:
               | The current vaccines will not prevent kids from spreading
               | the virus to their grandparents.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | It's not about preventing. It's about reducing
               | probabilities. The vaccines do not prevent kids from
               | getting it. They do not prevent adults from getting it.
               | They do not prevent people from spreading it. They do not
               | prevent people from getting hospitalized or dying from
               | it. They decrease the chances of all of the above
               | happening.
        
               | microtherion wrote:
               | > Children are at exceptionally low risk from Covid.
               | 
               | Low risk of death, yes. But still a substantial risk of
               | long lasting severe effects: https://assets.publishing.se
               | rvice.gov.uk/government/uploads/...
               | 
               | A complete loss of sense of taste, or chronic fatigue are
               | both entirely possible outcomes with children, and at
               | this time, it's not clear at all how long these effects
               | last.
               | 
               | Conversely, the effects of myocarditis, while unpleasant,
               | are fairly well understood (and at least one physician
               | I've spoken to was of the opinion that the vaccine
               | related risk was overstated, as the base rate in that age
               | group was bound to be higher than reported, due to the
               | mild nature of most cases, so some of the elevated rates
               | appear to be due to closer post-vaccination scrutiny).
        
               | saddlerustle wrote:
               | The highest quality study on this to date [1] found no
               | difference in the prevalence of long term symptoms
               | between kids that had covid and kids that didn't.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.16.21
               | 257255v...
        
               | smileypete wrote:
               | See how this guy misrepresents the study on TWiV episode
               | 783.
               | 
               | https://youtu.be/73KWHPsw-ag?t=525
               | 
               | He states that '4% seropositive having symptoms after 12
               | weeks', but omits to mention that 2% of seronegative have
               | symptoms after 12 weeks too...
               | 
               | Also he doesn't mention the 9%/10% rate split at 4 weeks,
               | or the symptoms:
               | 
               | Tiredness, Headache, Congested or runny nose, Stomachach,
               | Sleep disturbances, Cough
               | 
               | So he's making the case for child vaccination on the
               | basis of 2 extra seropositive children having one or more
               | of the above symptoms.
               | 
               | And, BTW, the study authors themselves note the
               | limitations as follows:
               | 
               | 'Limitations include the relatively small number of
               | seropositive children, possible misclassification of some
               | false seropositive children, potential recall bias,
               | parental report of child's symptoms, and lack of
               | information on symptom severity.'
               | 
               | The study authors concluded that:
               | 
               | 'Seropositive children, all with a history of pauci-
               | symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, did not report long
               | COVID more frequently than seronegative children. This
               | study suggests a very low prevalence of long COVID in a
               | randomly selected population-based cohort of children
               | followed over 6 months after serological testing.'
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | A recent Johns Hopkins study found a COVID-19 mortality
             | rate of 0 for children without serious co-morbid
             | conditions.
             | 
             | https://www.wsj.com/articles/cdc-covid-19-coronavirus-
             | vaccin...
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | andi999 wrote:
             | What about pregnant females? Country I am in doesn't allow
             | them to be vaccinated. Is this allowed in the US?
        
               | dragontamer wrote:
               | USA allows pregnant females to get the vaccine.
               | 
               | Our biggest remaining group is the 12-and-under
               | population (which needed a new set of tests to figure out
               | the new dosage. Young children weigh much less than an
               | adult and therefore need much lower doses...). The
               | current estimates are maybe October before this children
               | are authorized.
        
           | dragonwriter wrote:
           | > when do we get on with our lives and start facing the
           | mountains of other public health issues?
           | 
           | We (or at least, public health authorities; indiviudal
           | citizens whose attention doesn't drop below the top story in
           | the news are a different story)... haven't stopped facing the
           | mountains of other public health issues.
        
       | Causality1 wrote:
       | I wonder how well the models account for the "oh shit" factor of
       | people being exposed to enough news about a development like
       | Delta that they change their behavior. All around me people are
       | quietly going back to their early-pandemic habits of distancing
       | and mask wearing despite shedding those habits well before the
       | CDC said they should.
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | >all the more conspicuous for happening just two days after the
       | country's pandemic restrictions were [...] lifted
       | 
       | Lateral flow tests just happened to run out on the day
       | restrictions were lifted. [0] And tada numbers plummet right when
       | gov is taking massive heat for dropping restrictions in the
       | middle of a surge.
       | 
       | Yes really - that is how the current UK gov rolls.
       | 
       | The fact that the author is trying to extrapolate other countries
       | future trajectory based on that is rather amusing.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/lateral-
       | flow...
        
         | BellLabradors wrote:
         | If this were true, then the proportion of tests which are
         | positive should remain the same or go up but it isn't, it's
         | going down:
         | 
         | https://twitter.com/ThatRyanChap/status/1420407991937949699
        
         | idlemind wrote:
         | There are plenty of tests available since then, we picked some
         | up recently. This was a temporary blip, if anything. You can
         | see the testing rate on the gov dashboard [0] and it hasn't
         | really changed enough to account for the fall in cases.
         | 
         | [0] https://coronavirus.data.gov.uk/details/testing
        
       | hr4lkjerh wrote:
       | All maskers must die!
       | 
       | All vaxxers must die!
       | 
       | FUCKING KILL YOURSELVES!
        
       | hr4lkjerh wrote:
       | You can't even test for the fucking "delta" "variant".
       | 
       | Fuck these assholes.
        
       | coding123 wrote:
       | The future is N95 masks. Even if you decide not to, for the rest
       | of your life you will see people wearing them at everyday places.
        
         | vernie wrote:
         | It's incredibly rare to see anybody wearing a real N95 mask
         | even today.
        
       | mellosouls wrote:
       | Full Title:
       | 
       |  _The U.K.'s Delta Surge Is Collapsing. Will Ours?_
        
       | fm34t wrote:
       | Maskers should be shot dead.
        
       | fm34t wrote:
       | This entire "pandemic" is fake as fuck.
       | 
       | I hope all of you wearing a mask and getting a vax chooke on your
       | own vomit you commies - that is if we don't throw you out of a
       | helicopter over the pacific first.
        
       | jkhdigital wrote:
       | > thanks to widespread vaccination of the elderly, however fast
       | this disease spreads it will ultimately inflict a much, much
       | smaller death toll than earlier waves, because vaccination has
       | probably eliminated 90 percent or more of the country's total
       | COVID-19 mortality risk.
       | 
       | This claim does not appear to be grounded in any factual basis: A
       | double-blind randomized trial for an mRNA vaccine with 44k
       | participants showed nearly identical all-cause mortality in
       | vaccinated vs. placebo groups after six months [1]. The delta
       | wave will almost certainly be less fatal, but there is no
       | evidence to indicate that widespread vaccination is the primary
       | causal factor, or even a contributing factor, for the reduced
       | mortality.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.28.21261159v...
        
         | glorppe wrote:
         | While this is a literal interpretation of all-cause mortality
         | from the paper, I'm not sure this is the right take away.
         | 
         | There was such a dramatic reduction in overall cases in the
         | vaccination group that deaths are probably more statistical
         | noise in both groups than being tied to covid one way or
         | another.
         | 
         | Currently deaths and cases have diverged dramatically in the
         | population and this might be more indicative of the real world
         | vaccine performance as it pertains to reducing death.
        
           | jkhdigital wrote:
           | In this study the vaccine reduced Covid-19 infection rates by
           | like 90%, and essentially eliminated severe cases. This is
           | great!
           | 
           | But the same number of people died in each group. So vaccines
           | do not reduce Covid-19 mortality, period. Does this mean
           | vaccines are a waste of time? No, of course not! It just
           | means we should be precise and correct in the claims we make
           | based on statistics, and not fudge them to say things that
           | sound good but are not true.
           | 
           | EDIT: Fair enough, I'm making the same sloppy mistakes...
           | this study doesn't say anything, positive or negative, about
           | vaccine effects on mortality. But it certainly doesn't
           | _support_ the journalist 's claim. It _does_ support the
           | claim that vaccines dramatically reduce infection rates and
           | severity, which is great and reason enough to get vaccinated.
        
             | glorppe wrote:
             | I don't follow the logical leap. It's clear the paper
             | doesn't demonstrate a difference, you're right.
             | 
             | I do think it's disingenuous to say that the vaccine
             | categorically doesn't prevent deaths, if it can prevent
             | infections that would lead to deaths, that's a good
             | outcome. Additionally, the real world performance in the
             | general population is showing a massive divergence in
             | deaths and cases in elderly populations after the coverage
             | of vaccines. That may be from some other variable and not
             | vaccines, but I'm not sure that I would be able to suggest
             | an alternative cause.
        
               | jkhdigital wrote:
               | Did I categorically say that the vaccine doesn't prevent
               | deaths? I simply cited a study which shows no effect, and
               | scolded the journalist for making a claim that doesn't
               | seem to have solid scientific support. I'm not making a
               | statement about vaccines, I'm making a statement about
               | journalists playing fast and loose with science.
               | 
               | > That may be from some other variable and not vaccines,
               | but I'm not sure that I would be able to suggest an
               | alternative cause.
               | 
               | This is why we do science. Your lack of imagination about
               | causal relationships is not evidence for or against any
               | particular causal relationship.
        
               | glorppe wrote:
               | You did categorically state it: "So vaccines do not
               | reduce Covid-19 mortality, period."
               | 
               | You also missed my nuance, but that's not surprising at
               | this point.
        
             | dtech wrote:
             | 2 people in the placebo group died with a covid infection
             | and 1 in the vaccinated group. That is way to little data
             | to even remotely make such a bold claim.
             | 
             | Or, if I follow your flawed logic, Covid vaccines reduce
             | mortality by 50%!
        
               | jkhdigital wrote:
               | The bold claim is the journalist in this article who said
               | that vaccines are the reason we should see a 90%
               | reduction in mortality. That is an optimistic projection,
               | not a fact-based statement. That's all. Christ, people
               | think I'm anti-vaccine just for being pedantic about
               | science reporting...
        
               | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
               | So, now that we have seen a 90% reduction in mortality
               | ... ?
        
         | doomrobo wrote:
         | Pasting the rebuttal to that point from the comments of the
         | linked paper:
         | 
         | Those are all-cause death. The number of covid-related deaths
         | were 2 in the placebo and 1 in the vaccine arms. There simply
         | weren't many covid deaths during this part of the trial
         | (probably because most of the participants were <55 years old).
        
           | jkhdigital wrote:
           | Median age was 51, so seems like there would have been at
           | least a decently sized cohort over 55 (although I don't have
           | to actual data to confirm).
           | 
           | But anyways, my original point was that the journalist is
           | being dishonest by claiming that vaccination among the
           | elderly is the reason mortality should drop by 90% compared
           | to prior waves. This RCT certainly doesn't provide any
           | evidence to _support_ that statement, and it is the largest
           | study of its kind so the only conclusion I can make is that
           | the journalist is just projecting without facts.
        
             | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
             | > vaccination among the elderly is the reason mortality
             | should drop by 90% compared to prior waves.
             | 
             | What exactly do you mean "should" ? It has. It did.
        
         | raphlinus wrote:
         | That is a dramatic misrepresentation of that preprint. The
         | number of deaths is small enough that it is hard to draw
         | inferences from it, and that was not the endpoint of the study.
         | Rather, the key finding is a vaccine effectiveness of 97%
         | against severe disease.
         | 
         | A preprint that _did_ address deaths[1] found a vaccine
         | effectiveness of 98.7% against death. This is not consistent
         | with your claim of  "no evidence."
         | 
         | [1]:
         | https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.21.21255873v...
        
           | jkhdigital wrote:
           | That preprint is not an RCT. The study I cited is an RCT. And
           | the RCT shows no effect on deaths.
           | 
           | And yes, it does show a dramatic effect on infections and
           | serious illness. This is great, and we should shout it from
           | the rooftops! But a journalist writing that vaccines are the
           | reason Covid _mortality_ will drop 90% is projecting, not
           | reporting facts.
        
         | dtech wrote:
         | This does not seem like a useful source to draw this
         | conclusion. 14/15 persons of both group died, but I do not see
         | whether it was related to Covid. _edit_ : 2 unvaccinated people
         | with covid died 1 vaccinated. Point stands.
         | 
         | 45.000 people is simply too small a number to draw such a
         | conclusion. However, we are currently collecting a large amount
         | of worldwide data, and that shows very strong reduced mortality
         | and hospitalization on the vaccinated population. This is much
         | higher quality data to draw conclusions on.
        
         | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
         | > A double-blind randomized trial for an mRNA vaccine
         | 
         | Sorry, what is the relevance of this trial to the parent story
         | about the UK?
         | 
         | The vast majority of the UK's elderly and at-risk people got
         | the first vaccines available there - the AstraZeneca jab, which
         | is _not_ a mRNA vaccine.
        
         | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
         | > This claim does not appear to be grounded in any factual
         | basis
         | 
         | No factual basis _in that paper_ but you seem to be saying  "no
         | factual basis at all" which is flat-out wrong, indeed basing
         | such a claim on one paper is disingenuous: Absence of evidence
         | in 1 chosen paper is not evidence of absence in general.
         | 
         | You only have to compare the linkage between cases and deaths
         | in UK waves 1 and 2, with the much lower level of deaths for
         | comparable numbers of cases in wave 3, to see the "much, much
         | smaller death toll" staring you in the face.
         | 
         | Your chosen paper is also largely irrelevant before we even get
         | there; it's about mRNA vaccines, whereas the UK's program has
         | leaned heavily on AZ, which is not.
        
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