[HN Gopher] Build Your Own Metal Working Shop from Scrap (2011)
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       Build Your Own Metal Working Shop from Scrap (2011)
        
       Author : Tomte
       Score  : 137 points
       Date   : 2021-07-31 07:10 UTC (15 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (gingerybookstore.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (gingerybookstore.com)
        
       | runningremy wrote:
       | That book is a great read AND the market for selling that scrap
       | is excellent today.
        
       | mikewarot wrote:
       | A perpetual favorite read of makers everywhere. If there were a
       | variant that didn't require sand casting of metal, it might be a
       | lot more approachable.
        
         | itronitron wrote:
         | Probably worth designing and ordering those specific parts
         | online >> https://www.weerg.com/en/global/materials
        
           | rfrey wrote:
           | I think by ordering your parts made you'd end up with a lathe
           | much less capable than one commercially available, at a much
           | higher (3x? 4x?) price, without having gained any machining
           | or scraping skills.
        
             | itronitron wrote:
             | True, I was mainly offering it as a suggestion for someone
             | that doesn't want to mess with casting molten metal.
        
           | i_am_proteus wrote:
           | That more or less defeats the purpose of the idea. Almost the
           | entire machine is cast from melted-down scrap metal and then
           | (variously) machined, bootstrapping from the first tool, the
           | lathe, which is hand-finished.
        
             | theelous3 wrote:
             | Does it presume you have like, scrapers and a surface plate
             | and so on?
             | 
             | I can't see someone making an accurate lathe or mill
             | without an expensive suite of metrology tooling (or going
             | full whitworth three plates method and lapping like
             | forever).
             | 
             | Would be interested in seeing people's results.
        
               | rfrey wrote:
               | He uses a piece of glass on plywood, with a ground file
               | for a scraper. He's only scraping aluminum.
               | 
               | I don't think Gingery wrote these books as a way to
               | demonstrate bootstrapping. When Gingery wrote these books
               | there were no Chinese machines available, and hobby
               | lathes (say the Southbend 9" or the myford 7") were way
               | out of reach for a lot of people. He wrote the books to
               | let people get to a machine with what they had. Everyone
               | would be able to find a piece of glass and a file.
               | 
               | I built this lathe, but with much heavier sections and
               | out of ZA12 rather than aluminum. I did a pretty good
               | job, I think, but it is still inferior in every way to a
               | Chinese 7x12. Zero regrets that I did it though, even
               | with those better machines available.
        
               | KirillPanov wrote:
               | Surface plates are actually one of the easiest tools to
               | bootstrap, using the three-surfaces method and lapping
               | with fine grit. The only three surfaces that can all
               | slide laterally against one another are three perfectly
               | flat surfaces.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_plate#History
               | 
               | Here's a video (four parts) of a guy doing it. He uses
               | modern tools in the video, but really that's just about
               | saving time (and showing off). You can simply subsitute
               | (a whole lot) more time spent lapping for the lathe part
               | in his video.
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rHmsQEAx16o
        
               | jfoutz wrote:
               | IIRC, wood chisel and 3 plates. Prussian blue to evaluate
               | the thickness. Portland cement, a hairdryer and crucible.
               | I made tongs with strap iron and a drill. hairdryer on
               | the charcoal to melt the aluminum.
               | 
               | I started with sand casting aluminum cans. I realized I
               | was woefully unprepared to deal with molten metal, if
               | something went wrong. I wasn't willing to iterate at the
               | bottom, and buying the next level of tech seemed like
               | cheating. Still have the books though.
        
               | dugditches wrote:
               | I don't think too many Chinese factories are scraping in
               | their ways on their mini mills or lathes.
               | 
               | And also lots of old machines that likely have lost their
               | flaking and true trueness a while ago. Still being run by
               | old operators that understand their limitations.
               | 
               | You can make accurate parts on an 'inaccurate'
               | conventional machine.
        
               | q3k wrote:
               | It's hand scraping all the way. For initial standards,
               | the author recommends just going with the straightest
               | thing you have in your shop, then just scrape away until
               | things mate well.
               | 
               | The books are light on the theory of precision and
               | accuracy, but I would be surprised if most readers of
               | Gingery books didn't also have a PDF of 'Foundations of
               | Mechanical Accuracy' somewhere :). These days nothing
               | about this process is practical, it's all basically an
               | exercise in bootstrapping.
               | 
               | Duckduckgo for 'gingery lathe' if you're interested in
               | seeing results, people have been building these for
               | decades.
        
               | carre12345 wrote:
               | What do you mean by 'hand scraping'?
               | 
               | You know, I've never really thought about it, but I would
               | think that grinding two same-material surfaces together
               | with an abrasive compound would result in flatness if the
               | pressure is even.
        
               | Turing_Machine wrote:
               | The Whitworth Three Plates Method should be on anyone's
               | list of the Greatest Engineering Discoveries of All Time.
               | 
               | The fact that you can make a precision flat surface
               | starting without _any_ precision tools is pretty amazing
               | at first glance.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | melt some metal and float some glass on it. That's a very
               | quick way to get a nice reference surface.
        
               | cellularmitosis wrote:
               | Float the glass on molten metal?
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Float_glass
        
               | Turing_Machine wrote:
               | Float glass is pretty flat, but I'm not sure regular
               | glass is temperature-stable enough for the task (and of
               | course, it's fragile). Temperature-stable glass (e.g.,
               | Pyrex) usually requires a lengthy annealing stage.
               | 
               | Granite surface plates are pretty popular, though. Maybe
               | glass would be okay for light duty.
               | 
               | Speaking of glass, amateur telescope makers can grind
               | mirrors accurate to within 1/4 wavelength of light, using
               | nothing but abrasive powders and patience, but they start
               | out with a pre-cast and annealed Pyrex blank.
        
               | Turing_Machine wrote:
               | I do use a piece of float glass on my 3D printer bed, and
               | it works well enough. Maybe I'll see if I can figure out
               | how much it distorts when heated (not enough to cause a
               | noticeable problem with the relatively low-precision
               | stuff I've been making thus far).
               | 
               | Some people do use borosilicate glass (like Pyrex) for
               | this, but I've been satisfied so far with a piece of
               | regular float glass window stock I had cut to size at
               | Lowes.
        
               | [deleted]
        
       | rfrey wrote:
       | Nowadays if somebody wants to build a machine without a lot of
       | tools available, and doesn't have the goal of recreating
       | industrial revolution processes, I'd recommend looking into epoxy
       | granite casting. Epoxy granite will result in a way better
       | machine since it has vibration damping qualities similar to cast
       | iron. It also avoids melting metal, which everyone can do but
       | some might want to avoid.
        
         | voxadam wrote:
         | For anyone interested there's a wealth of epoxy granite info on
         | the CNC Zone forum.
         | 
         | https://www.cnczone.com/forums/epoxy-granite/
        
         | leon_sbt wrote:
         | I was about to recommend the exact same thing. Epoxy granite is
         | used by some world class machine tool builders.
         | 
         | I think an interesting modern take on the Gingery machine,
         | would be a homebuilt machine tool; built from epoxy-concrete.
         | Linear rails, servos, fly-by-wire controls with force feedback.
         | 
         | Machine form factor would be a la Mazak Integrex but much
         | smaller and fits in a two car garage. Total envelope would be
         | 8"x8"x8"; high spindle speeds w/ low depth of cuts. That should
         | compensate for the total lack of stiffness :)
        
           | rfrey wrote:
           | There are several people who have documented builds of epoxy
           | granite mills. Much bigger than what you described generally,
           | but still garage machines.
           | https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIuvJtM342E7p2nEpwTGbDw and
           | https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCssIc2lLpX1nIHkymAzEptw are
           | two of my favourites.
        
           | rfrey wrote:
           | What do you mean by fly-by-wire controls? Just manual jogging
           | with CNC controls or do you mean something more specific?
        
           | itronitron wrote:
           | I'd really like epoxy granite linear rails for the noise
           | dampening attributes. If they're flexy they could just be
           | bolted to a metal or wooden support.
        
           | jsilence wrote:
           | Pointers would be much appreciated.
        
       | raintrees wrote:
       | Totally cool, just ordered. Thanks, Tomte.
        
       | marsven_422 wrote:
       | Currently working on my shaper (Book 3)
        
       | JKCalhoun wrote:
       | Gingery's books, as I understand, have you start from no machine
       | tools and go to a metal shop the way computer hobbyists might
       | start with discrete electronics and breadboards and go to a fully
       | functional 8-bit computer with BIOS, ROM, etc.
       | 
       | A gem for the post-apocalyptic bookshelf. Assuming anyone can
       | still read.
        
         | sircastor wrote:
         | I always think of these sorts of things in terms of "what would
         | I do if I was stuck in 500 years in the past?", how far I could
         | get in terms of making myself comfortable and being able to
         | recreate some modern conveniences.
        
           | throwanem wrote:
           | 500 years in the past, metal would still be relatively scarce
           | and precious, where in the notional postapocalyptic future
           | that people enjoy fantasizing about, the ruins of today's
           | world would offer a veritable cornucopia.
        
             | Hacktrick wrote:
             | That's very interesting. Tbh even though I think bout
             | postapocalyptic situations a lot I never thought of that.
        
               | zrobotics wrote:
               | Bret Devreux had a very fascinating history of how iron
               | was made posted, long read but it explains a lot of the
               | complications and work that went into historically making
               | iron, and many of the reasons metal was so rare &
               | expensive. Well worth a read.
               | 
               | https://acoup.blog/2020/09/18/collections-iron-how-did-
               | they-...
        
           | ornornor wrote:
           | You might like this book: https://www.amazon.com/How-Invent-
           | Everything-Survival-Strand...
        
         | cyberge99 wrote:
         | Correct. I've done some of this. You start with a metal foundry
         | for melting aluminum. From there, you can build tools tools
         | that help build other tools, up to the ultimate: metal lathe.
         | 
         | It's a pot of work but very rewarding.
         | 
         | Here are some pictures of 'the 5 bucks furnace' i built:
         | 
         | https://chrisbergeron.com/2008/01/21/metalcasting_furnace/
         | 
         | Phil's books are great and it would be handy to have them in a
         | post-apocalyptic scenario to bootstrap society.
        
           | rambambram wrote:
           | Very nice project. Did you eventually cast more stuff with it
           | than your motor mounts? You should take a look at this
           | Youtube channel by a Russian guy, Advoko Makes:
           | https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCc1ufNROdAxto9Fr0jnEE2Q
        
         | ThePadawan wrote:
         | > A gem for the post-apocalyptic bookshelf. Assuming anyone can
         | still read.
         | 
         | I assume that to get a bookshelf, you have to build the wood
         | workshop first?
        
           | sircastor wrote:
           | If you want to make an apple pie from scratch...
        
             | jsilence wrote:
             | "All you wanted was a Banana. All of sudden you have
             | Gorilla with a complete jungle."
        
               | manachar wrote:
               | I've thought of this when thinking about bringing
               | recently extinct creatures back from extinction via
               | cloning.
               | 
               | Take New Zealand or Hawai'i and try to bring back an
               | animal that humans caused to go extinct. Like the Haast's
               | eagle.
               | 
               | The eagle only went extinct around 1400, but did so
               | because the Maori hunted the moa to extinction. So bring
               | the eagle back you need to bring the moa back. To bring
               | the moa back you'll need moa habitat, which have been
               | radically changed and are in short supply.
               | 
               | More broadly, it shows a central problem with humans who
               | want X but don't want to dedicate the work or resources
               | for X. Take the current issues in restaurants in America.
               | American consumers want cheap and well prepared food, but
               | aren't willing to pay very much for it. So, and entire
               | industry matured using exploitive employment practices
               | and keeping wages below the cost of living let alone a
               | living wage. The business can't pay enough and make a
               | profit with the price consumers are willing to pay.
               | 
               | So yeah, we want pandas and gorillas and the buffalo to
               | roam, but often aren't willing to pay the bill needed to
               | do so.
        
           | kd0amg wrote:
           | In order to make woodworking tools, you will probably want a
           | functioning smithy.
        
             | ThePadawan wrote:
             | But that contradicts every crafting survival game I've ever
             | played!
        
           | abdullahkhalids wrote:
           | The primitive technology guy would make a shelf out of earth.
           | 
           | Edit: Or he would just hack some bamboo or some thick
           | branches with a stone axe and tie them together using some
           | dried vines to create a pretty good shelf.
        
         | abdullahkhalids wrote:
         | How much would it cost to follow along these books from 1-7?
         | How much time roughly?
        
       | tarsinge wrote:
       | What are good resources to learn how to use these machines as a
       | complete beginner?
        
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