[HN Gopher] Medals at Tokyo olympics are recycled from discarded...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Medals at Tokyo olympics are recycled from discarded electronic
       equipment
        
       Author : MichaelMoser123
       Score  : 276 points
       Date   : 2021-07-31 06:45 UTC (16 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (cosmosmagazine.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (cosmosmagazine.com)
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | Compound Chemical post and infographic where probably a bunch of
       | this article was sourced from:
       | 
       | https://www.compoundchem.com/2021/07/27/tokyo2020/
        
       | snickmy wrote:
       | I'm a bit surprised that there are more Silver than Copper and
       | Zinc in electronics .
       | 
       | Quote: the government collected several million tonnes of
       | equipment, and extracted 32 kilograms of gold, 3500 kilograms of
       | silver and 2200 kilograms of copper and zinc for the bronze
       | medals
        
         | sandworm101 wrote:
         | So where did all the non-gold material go? The millions of tons
         | that wasn't precious metals? I see little point in recycling
         | something if 99.99% by volume goes to the landfill anyway.
        
           | vikramkr wrote:
           | Profit. Recycling rare materials is profitable. Keeping stuff
           | out of landfills is not really why stuff is recycled- thats
           | why we had that whole crisis recently with Recycling
           | materials building up with no destination
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | The point is the symbolic gesture.
           | 
           | This doesn't help with any environmental goals.
        
             | CydeWeys wrote:
             | It does, because precious metals mining is environmentally
             | intensive, and by recovering some from trashed electronics
             | instead you're having to do a little bit less mining.
             | 
             | It's something like 31 tonnes of ore must be processed per
             | ounce of gold yielded. That's a lot of energy, fuel,
             | caustic chemicals, and polluting mine tailings.
        
         | jhgb wrote:
         | I'm fairly sure that this is simply the amount that they
         | recovered for the medals specifically, not all the copper and
         | zinc they extracted from that equipment.
        
       | Koshkin wrote:
       | I suggest using polished engraved silicon - judging by the looks
       | of an exposed microchip die, it should be beautiful.
        
       | grecy wrote:
       | Brisbane in Australia just "won" the hosting of the 2032 games.
       | 
       | It was uncontested, which tells us everything we need to know
       | about how beneficial it is for cities to host it.
        
         | draugadrotten wrote:
         | Crikey! I hope croc wrestling will be an olympic sport by then,
         | in honour of the amazing Steve Irwin.
        
       | logronoide wrote:
       | A curious family tale: after the Spanish Civil War, my
       | grandfather extracted gold and silver from broken devices like
       | radios. Then he sold it in the black market to survive, and he
       | briefly went to jail for smuggling. What a turn of life for a
       | watchmaker.
        
       | ramesh31 wrote:
       | I can't help but think this olympics will go into the history
       | books with an asterisk. That probably has something to do with
       | Biles stepping down. It just feels weird.
        
         | serial_dev wrote:
         | In the grand scheme of things, Biles stepping down is
         | inconsequential, and it is definitely not a reason for an
         | asterisk in the history books, no matter what this week's news
         | cycle try to make you believe.
         | 
         | One year delay, and basically no live audience due to the still
         | ongoing lockdowns and pandemic would be a reason for the
         | asterisk.
        
         | itsoktocry wrote:
         | > _That probably has something to do with Biles stepping down_
         | 
         | People failing to medal due to mental issues is likely rampant
         | in the games. Nothing is unique about her situation, except she
         | stepped down first.
        
         | Lazare wrote:
         | I think it was irresponsible to _hold_ them, but I can 't see
         | any particular reason why they might not be considered valid.
         | 
         | And I certainly I don't think Biles's decision is meaningful.
         | Why would it be? It seems entirely inconsequential to me.
        
         | hellbannedguy wrote:
         | Simon Biles will go down as a hero.
         | 
         | Admitting you don't feel well is huge.
         | 
         | Her honesty will save countless people.
         | 
         | She is my new hero. I probally shouldn't have said "hero".
         | 
         | We all don't like word, or label.
         | 
         | I just admire her on a lot of levels.
         | 
         | Crippling anxiety pretty much ruined me life.
        
           | mijamo wrote:
           | Is it? Plenty of athletes say they don't feel well. The
           | specificity about Biles is that she was the great favorite
           | and abandoned at the last minute in the Olympics without much
           | prior signals that it could happen. Tennis players for
           | instance have talked about pressure, depression, the
           | importance of mental preparation for decades now. Recently
           | Them for instance admitted he had a terrible breakdown after
           | so many efforts to finally win the US open and since then
           | hasn't been able to do much. In cycling Dumoulin also
           | recently had a break from his career because he felt too much
           | pressure and too little joy, them dis a great come back at
           | the Olympics. Ian Thorpe in his time spoke a lot about mental
           | health amongst athletes, difficulties and depression.
        
             | rocqua wrote:
             | This was significant because it was so last minute. It
             | shows "no matter how far you went, you can always put your
             | mental health first".
             | 
             | I think it's also significant because she's womam gymnast.
             | Generally, they have been pushed really hard mentally. With
             | a lot coming out in my country at least about bullying and
             | other (non-sexual) abuse. Mostly this was focused on
             | pushing them to train harder, ignore pain, ignore feelings,
             | and lose more weight.
             | 
             | In that context, having a female gymnast stand up and say
             | "no I am not pushing past my limits" is a big deal. It
             | looks like a break with the past of mental abuse. Hopefully
             | putting gymnastics in a much healthier place.
        
             | Tarsul wrote:
             | For the competition that Biles competes in (all kinds of
             | gymnastics) it is downright dangerous physically to compete
             | without confidence because every small misstep can result
             | in devastating injuries. That's not the case in many other
             | sports.
        
               | Alex3917 wrote:
               | We shouldn't have sports where you can increase your
               | chances of winning by increasing your chances of becoming
               | a quadriplegic or getting killed. Whether or not Biles
               | should have pulled out of competition is moot, because
               | her event(s) shouldn't exist in the first place.
        
               | matwood wrote:
               | Most (all?) sports increase the risk of injury when
               | increasing the chance of winning. Running faster, jumping
               | higher, etc... all increase the chance and severity of
               | injury.
        
               | Alex3917 wrote:
               | You can't increase your odds of winning an Olympic gold
               | medal in running by increasing your chances of becoming a
               | quadriplegic or suffering a traumatic brain injury.
               | However you can for sports like gymnastics, snowboarding,
               | and cycling.
        
           | ReptileMan wrote:
           | And I admire Kerri Strug. The whole point of the Olympics is
           | to transcend the limitations of your mind and body and not to
           | succumb to them.
        
             | kenjackson wrote:
             | One can admire both. They aren't in competition with one
             | another.
        
             | rocqua wrote:
             | If you can't do that, is the olympic spirit to push anyway
             | and damage yourself? Or is the olympic spirit to be honest
             | with yourself and the rest of the world.
             | 
             | I also think that this decision took a lot of bravery for
             | Biles. And I admire her for that.
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | >If you can't do that, is the olympic spirit to push
               | anyway and damage yourself?
               | 
               | Traditionally, yes. The Olympic spirit is to be willing
               | to push yourself as hard as necessary, through anything,
               | even to the point of death, to win the gold. Quitting
               | only brings shame and disgrace to you and your country.
               | 
               | I agree with what Simone Biles did, and I don't think
               | anyone can judge her - only she knows what her headspace
               | and capabilities were - but it was absolutely against
               | what the Olympic spirit is supposed to be. Olympic
               | competition often serves as a form of neo-eugenic
               | nationalist propaganda (that our nation and its values
               | creates genetically superior people and potential
               | combatants to yours.) Imagine the furor if this were the
               | 1980s and Simone Biles had quit and a Soviet gymnast had
               | won the gold medal. _Everyone_ in the US would be calling
               | her a traitor and a coward.
        
         | inside6 wrote:
         | Who?
        
           | ColonialOne wrote:
           | Assuming this isn't a rhetorical question, Google is your
           | friend here. OP wasn't making an obscure reference, her name
           | is headline news around much of the world at the moment.
        
             | yreg wrote:
             | An in context explanation here would be much more valuable
             | than sending all the readers on a google quest to figure it
             | out.
             | 
             | To me (european, doesn't follow sports at all), the name
             | _is_ an obscure reference.
        
             | shard972 wrote:
             | @dang rule violation
        
           | fomine3 wrote:
           | World Heath Organization
        
         | spockz wrote:
         | It might be more because these Olympics have been held during a
         | pandemic. With all kinds of consequences.
        
       | spodek wrote:
       | The 10,000+ athletes who flew around the world and the
       | 100,000-odd attendees who also flew around the world can all
       | offset their emissions with that savings /sarcasm.
       | 
       | I love athletics and competition, but do the Olympics promote
       | activity or more sedentariness? They are certainly devastating to
       | the environment.
       | 
       | We can achieve more sport, communication, and what they Olympics
       | represent by promoting local fun and games:
       | https://joshuaspodek.com/olympic-devastation-that-could-be-l....
        
         | ColonialOne wrote:
         | Out of interest do you think it's worth sacrificing
         | international sport competitions for the sake of the
         | environment? What level of travel would you support, are
         | continental competitions ok? National competitions?
        
           | goldenkey wrote:
           | The olympics isn't the only international sports competition.
           | It's just the most daft one. It groups unrelated sports
           | together like a circus. It slaps ads, sponsorships, and as
           | much scrooging as it can all over the footage and then
           | ironically pays the athletes a pittance to boot, making them
           | rely on outside sponsorship deals.
           | 
           | Most sports have world championships. They don't need the
           | resources that the Olympics do, because they are sport
           | specific and not necessarily sponsored by the government. If
           | I'm American and I goto the world boxing championship, I
           | don't need Biden's permission to represent America. If I win,
           | then an American won. I just get listed as holding the title.
           | The Olympics on the other hand is an ill scandal based on
           | bribes, doping and awful bureaucracy.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_Games_scandals.
           | ..
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | Moving the athletes is effectively trivial for these
           | completions. It's the spectators and facilities which
           | represent most of the pollution. Olympics is a huge outlier
           | in terms of athletes and it's still 100 spectators in the
           | stands per 1 athlete.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | I'm surprised they extracted more silver than copper from the
       | discarded electronics.
        
       | rbanffy wrote:
       | As a retrocomputing enthusiast, I find this horrifying. I imagine
       | the beautiful Sony NEWS, Sharp MZ's, NEC PCs, Epson QX's and so
       | many other amazing machines that were crushed in order to make
       | decorations.
        
       | Frost1x wrote:
       | I was curious about the medals, compositions, and materials costs
       | so here's what I found.
       | 
       | The dimensions of the medals are specified as a minimum of 60mm
       | diameter by 3mm thick. For a cylinder, that's 8.482 cm^3 volume
       | per medal, minimum. The 2020 Olympics has 339 events, each with a
       | gold, silver, and bronze medal. Market price I found for gold as
       | of this post is $58.56/g and silver is $0.82/g. Gold has a
       | density of 19.30 g/cm^3 and silver 10.49 g/cm^3. I'm not keeping
       | track of sig figs because I don't care enough for a quick
       | rundown.
       | 
       | For the gold medal, its composition is listed as minimum 92.5%
       | silver with 6g of gold mixed in. I didn't see what the percentage
       | specified (mass, volume) so I'll assume volume for silver
       | henceforth. 7.845 cm^3 is 92.5% of min volume of a medal. This
       | works out to 82.294 g of silver (7.845 cm^3 * 10.49 g/cm^3).
       | Using market prices above, silver value: $67.48, gold value:
       | $351.36, total materials value: $418.84.
       | 
       | Now, if the gold medal were solid gold, you'd have 163.703 g
       | (8.482 cm^3 * 19.3 g/cm^3) of gold. Materials market value of the
       | medal would be $9,586.
       | 
       | For the silver medal, it's 92.5 silver with nothing specified
       | mixed in. So the identical silver component from the gold medal
       | which means its total materials value is $67.48.
       | 
       | If the silver medal was pure silver, we'd have 88.976 g (8.482
       | cm^3 * 10.49 g/cm^3) and the materials value would be $72.96.
       | 
       | The bronze is 97% copper, 0.5% tin, and 2.5% zinc. I won't do
       | this because I'm not interested, I'll leave it as an exercise for
       | the reader.
       | 
       | Now the fun part, rough estimate of total material cost of
       | existing gold and silver medal compositions for all 339 events:
       | $164,862.48 (339 * ($418.84 + $67.48)).
       | 
       | Rough material cost if the gold medals were actually gold and the
       | silver were actually silver: $3.274 million (339*($9,586 +
       | $72.96). It would cost about 20x the current material costs to
       | give the athletes more representitive and valuable medals. The
       | total cost of this would be an additional ~$3.1 million to the
       | host or whoever pays for it.
        
         | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
         | > _The dimensions of the medals are specified as a minimum of
         | ..._
         | 
         | Do they specify maximums? That could get hilarious.
        
         | robbiep wrote:
         | The Tokyo medals are around 500g each, so while those are nice
         | estimates for the minimum dimensions, if the Tokyo golds were
         | of the same weight and heft they have been made (and also 100%
         | base metal) then you'd be looking at around $15m USD just for
         | the golds
        
         | gitgud wrote:
         | > _Olympics has 339 events, each with a gold, silver, and
         | bronze medal._
         | 
         | Many events are team-based too, where every team member gets a
         | medal.
        
           | Frost1x wrote:
           | Very good point. I don't really watch sports and 339 was the
           | best representitive number I could find for total medals
           | awarded. I imagine if you knew how many medals were team
           | based, the fixed sizes of teams that get medals, and so on
           | you could work this out more accurately then.
        
             | kleer001 wrote:
             | I bet you're within an order of magnitude. Good
             | calculations.
        
           | Wiles_7 wrote:
           | Some sports also give out multiple bronze medals.
        
             | pinko wrote:
             | Interesting -- I had no idea!
             | 
             | From wikipedia: 'Some combat sports (such as boxing, judo,
             | taekwondo and wrestling) award two bronze medals per
             | competition, resulting in, overall, more bronze medals
             | being awarded than the other colours."
        
               | mikepurvis wrote:
               | The occasional tie could also push it the other way-- an
               | additional gold at the expense of a silver or likewise
               | with two silvers instead of a silver + bronze.
               | 
               | A handy dandy list: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of
               | _ties_for_medals_at_the...
        
         | dillondoyle wrote:
         | Cool fast math! Seems like the cost to give out actual gold is
         | super tiny compared to the amount the olympic committee charges
         | for the games. They should give out solid gold or at least 18k
         | to make it last longer with fewer scratches.
        
       | fukd wrote:
       | Olympics is a waste of money and resources. it should be banned
       | forever.
        
         | MichaelMoser123 wrote:
         | it is much cheaper than holding the same kind of contest
         | between nations in the form of a war.
        
           | fukd wrote:
           | cheaper to conduct at same stadiums every year
        
             | sheepdestroyer wrote:
             | Voting for Greece. Nude wrestling on Mount Olympus every 4
             | years. Back to basics, everyone should be content.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | booleandilemma wrote:
         | I like how it brings countries together to play games with each
         | other. It's better than the alternative.
         | 
         | I want to read about Japan destroying China in _sports_ , not
         | literally.
         | 
         | Or are you just butthurt because your country is losing?
        
           | fukd wrote:
           | Ohh god what a disugsting human being you are
        
         | decremental wrote:
         | It's not since it can be a great source of pride for people to
         | see their nation represented by their best athletes. It's a
         | display of the best humanity has to offer in the areas of
         | physical endeavor, discipline, and endurance. Reducing
         | everything's value to a function of its consumption of money
         | and resources is a depressing and inhuman way of viewing the
         | world and thankfully most people don't think this way. We're
         | not robots.
        
           | fukd wrote:
           | It can be done conducting at one place instead of building
           | and then leaving behind infra. See what happend to what was
           | built last time in Brazil and guess how many Brazils are
           | happy to hear what you said
        
       | Aeolun wrote:
       | Several million tonnes of equipment = 5 tons of precious metals.
        
       | MauranKilom wrote:
       | Fun fact: Electronic waste contains two orders of magnitude more
       | gold per mass than actual gold ore.
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | That's misleading, gold ore can have an extremely high gold
         | content. The comparison is to the minimum threshold for
         | economic extraction and that's from rocks via chemical leaching
         | not electronics.
        
           | MauranKilom wrote:
           | Ok, thank you. I went looking for the numbers before posting,
           | but I mostly found the same "100 times" number repeated in
           | different sources and decided to roll with it. Do you have
           | some reference that could be used to inform instead?
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/022315/what-does-
             | gr...
             | 
             | As to economic viability, 44g/ton is the highest grade bulk
             | ore being extracted, but much lower concentrations can be
             | viable. Heap leaching is pouring diluted sodium cyanide
             | over a pile of crushed ore this cheaply processes vast
             | quantities of material which scales based on how cheap it
             | is to extract the ore from the ground. For example at
             | current gold prices an open pit mine with ore
             | concentrations of 1g/ton is likely viable, but the deeper
             | the mine the more expensive extraction becomes. 4g/ton is
             | roughly the minimum for traditional mining. Similarly the
             | total quality of ore available must be large enough to
             | justify associated investments.
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap_leaching#Precious_metals
             | 
             | As to gold content of electronic waste " The electronic
             | waste gold contents vary from 80 to more than 800 parts-
             | per-million (ppm), and silver contents range from 250-350
             | ppm; no gold or silver is observed in the automotive waste
             | material."
             | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40831-016-0051-y
             | 
             | Anyway, 1 g/ton is ~1ppm so the 100 times number is a
             | reasonable ballpark compared to low grade ore. The issue is
             | Heap leaching doesn't work on electronic waste and open pit
             | mines are extracting at 10$/ton where handling costs for
             | e-waste is vastly higher.
        
             | goldenkey wrote:
             | Here's a reference for your convenience:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28016961
        
       | busyant wrote:
       | This seems like a reasonable opportunity to remind people of this
       | fascinating story.
       | 
       | It's not exactly a story about eco-friendliness, but it involves
       | gold medals and "recycling."
       | 
       | "When Germany invaded Denmark in 1940, [George] de Hevesy
       | dissolved the gold Nobel Prizes of Max von Laue and James Franck
       | in aqua regia to prevent the Nazis from taking them. After the
       | war, he precipitated the gold out of the acid, and the Nobel
       | Society recast Franck and von Laue's awards from the original
       | gold. In 1958, de Hevesy received the Atoms for Peace Award for
       | his pioneering use of radioactive isotopes to study metabolism.
       | Over his career, he published almost 400 scientific
       | publications."
       | 
       | copied from: https://www.atomicheritage.org/profile/george-de-
       | hevesy
        
       | numpad0 wrote:
       | They were going for sustainability angle like recycled medals,
       | stadium benches out of reused wood, cardboard hybrid beds for the
       | village, etc.
       | 
       | COVID blew them all away though.
        
         | new299 wrote:
         | I feel like any article on the Olympics should mention that
         | >80% of the Japanese population was against holding the
         | Olympics [1].
         | 
         | And that in most respects it has be a disaster, I've lost count
         | of the number of scandals and resignations... [2] Rather than
         | being good PR for Japan, it feels like it's been overwhelmingly
         | negative.
         | 
         | On top of this, COVID19 infections are rapidly increasing (now
         | at their highest level). While the government expands the state
         | of emergency, asking people to restrict their activities while
         | holding the largest sporting event in the world...
         | 
         | [1] https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14351670
         | 
         | [2] https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/jul/19/tokyo-
         | olympics...
         | 
         | https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/11/world/asia/yoshiro-mori-t...
         | 
         | https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14347483
        
           | sheepdestroyer wrote:
           | At least the Games serve to shine light on Japan's refusal to
           | respect UN's Convention on the Rights of the Child, despite
           | ratifying it in 1994.
           | 
           | Japan's Law incites and rewards Child Abductions by giving
           | sole custody to the first abductor. Judicial visitation
           | decisions are not enforced.
           | 
           | By refusing to protect the fundamental Right of Children to
           | access both their parents directly and regularly, as per the
           | CRC, Japan is a massive and frequent Child Right violator.
           | 
           | In 2019, Japan Minister of Justice publicly and cynically
           | qualified the CRC of "non-binding", and the European
           | Parliament's resolution denouncing the violations of being
           | "unfunded".
           | 
           | Is is estimated that between 150,000 and 200,000 new children
           | each year, the majority Japanese, have this basic Human Right
           | violated in Japan.
           | 
           | https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/japan-
           | cust...
        
             | chrisseaton wrote:
             | Whole thing seems to be about the denied rights of parents,
             | not children? Doesn't mention what any child wants
             | anywhere. Weird to dress it up as being about the children.
        
               | sheepdestroyer wrote:
               | Children benefit to have both parents in their lives,
               | especially when young and can not express consent. There
               | are enough studies and exemples in every other developed
               | countries where it's the norm that it's not a matter of
               | opinion.
               | 
               | The UN's CRC is indeed about Children's Human Rights. The
               | specific article in question being Art 9.3
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | Yet the story is 'man denied right to see children', not
               | 'children denied right to see father'.
        
               | sheepdestroyer wrote:
               | The oldest being 6, they don't have much agency. Are you
               | trying hard to not understand?
        
             | gjsman-1000 wrote:
             | The US does not respect these "rights" either.
             | 
             | And just because the UN says it doesn't make it so.
        
               | sheepdestroyer wrote:
               | Human Rights are Universal and Unalienable. But it's the
               | fact that Japan chose to ratify the CRC treaty that
               | "makes it so".
        
               | gjsman-1000 wrote:
               | Human Rights as defined by the UN and Politicians are not
               | necessarily Universal or Unalienable.
               | 
               | This does not mean I dispute that there are human rights.
               | Politicians have every incentive to claim something as a
               | right when it's not.
               | 
               | For example, the UN could announce the newfound "Right to
               | a Gun-Free Society." Despite the name, it's not Universal
               | or Unalienable.
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | > Human Rights are Universal and Unalienable
               | 
               | Clearly not.
               | 
               | You can go to many places on earth, even major western
               | countries, where people do not have these rights.
        
               | sheepdestroyer wrote:
               | People _always_ have those rights, no matter where they
               | live, their religion, their cast or what not. That 's the
               | definition of Universal.
               | 
               | However, they are sometimes not respected and it's the
               | duty of the international community to lobby against the
               | perpetrators especially when they took the moral
               | engagement to recognise them officially.
               | 
               | It not the wild west, there are voluntarily agreed upon
               | international treaties that can be brought as a base for
               | these discussions.
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | > People always have those rights, no matter where they
               | live, their religion, their cast or what not.
               | 
               | Many people do not have these rights. This cannot
               | possibly be a surprise to you?
               | 
               | > That's the definition of Universal.
               | 
               | We know. That's why they aren't universal rights.
               | 
               | > However, they are sometimes not respected
               | 
               | If you live under an authority that doesn't think you
               | have these rights, then you don't have them.
        
               | sheepdestroyer wrote:
               | Of course I do, even under a Human Right violating
               | regime. Human Rights transcend local authorities. And
               | this authority would be both wrong and illegitimate if it
               | has endorsed those Rights by ratifying a treaty that
               | defines them, and somehow doesn't "belive" in them as you
               | put it.
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | This is a bizarre kind of double-think.
               | 
               | If someone the other side of the world tells you that you
               | have the right to freedom of religion, but the authority
               | you live under disagrees, and the people on the other
               | side of the world don't do anything about it, then in
               | what sense do you have the right?
               | 
               | You don't - it's meaningless.
               | 
               | If I say I have decided that you have the universal
               | inalienable right to beer, but where you live doesn't
               | agree, and I don't do anything about it either, then have
               | I really given you that right? Of course not.
               | 
               | I think what you're saying is that you think people
               | _should_ have these rights. Great. But they don 't in
               | practice, and so they aren't universal.
        
               | sheepdestroyer wrote:
               | The concept is not new, 232 years old now, it shouldn't
               | be that strange to you.
               | 
               | The vocation of tyrants is to have their head cut at some
               | point, more or less figuratively.
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | This whole thread started with _you_ giving an example of
               | how people don 't actually have these rights.
               | 
               | So even you know they aren't actually universal or
               | inalienable.
               | 
               | 232 years of pretending people have rights that they
               | demonstrably do not have.
        
               | sheepdestroyer wrote:
               | You still continue to say that people having their rights
               | violated means they don't exist. That's a demonstrably
               | false and illogical statement. It's _because_ people
               | inherently have rights that they fight for them, and
               | others take their side. Hence events like the French
               | Revolution, the Abolition of slavery, or the Civil Rights
               | Movement.
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | > You still continue to say that people having their
               | rights violated means they don't exist.
               | 
               | Yes. What is the meaning of a right that nobody enforces?
               | 
               | It's just an aspiration, a wish, something you'd like to
               | have or other people would like you to have. If nobody's
               | enforcing it, it's not really a right. By definition.
               | 
               | > Hence events like the French Revolution, the Abolition
               | of slavery, or the Civil Rights Movement.
               | 
               | These were fights _to create_ rights. They didn 't have
               | them before.
        
             | IshKebab wrote:
             | I don't think the games have shone a light on that at all,
             | sorry. First I've heard of it.
        
               | throwaway2037 wrote:
               | It was written about in the Financial Times: https://www.
               | ft.com/content/d43090eb-e005-4042-8b7a-13ab00ac0...
        
           | ekianjo wrote:
           | Olympics is such a massive waste of money that nobody except
           | politicians who want to show off with taxpayer money or
           | industrials benefiting from government contracts would be for
           | it.
        
             | Hacktrick wrote:
             | I completely agree. The Olympic Games are a huge waste. The
             | stadiums built in Rio for the 2016 games are standing there
             | unused and unmanaged and slowly degrading. I think that it
             | was a shame that Rio was chosen to host the Olympic games.
             | Their country should have spent the money on the nearly 50
             | million people in poverty in Brazil. (source:
             | https://riotimesonline.com/brazil-news/rio-politics/more-
             | tha...)
        
             | poooogles wrote:
             | We benefited from it in London, I think we all wanted it
             | too. Even if it kind of was an austerity Olympics compared
             | to before it and after it? Sure we wasted some money here
             | and there (was who the fuck needs a giant slide) but
             | overall it turned an industrial wasteland into a useful
             | area for East London.
        
               | darkfirefly wrote:
               | Yeah, I'm not quite sure how other countries do it, but
               | for the 2000 Olympics (Sydney) they basically renewed
               | this giant landfill site. There's been a bunch of
               | apartments, etc, built around there since then because it
               | basically became a suburb where you could live.
        
               | ekianjo wrote:
               | > but for the 2000 Olympics (Sydney) they basically
               | renewed this giant landfill site.
               | 
               | Why would you need the Olympics to have land repurposed.
               | They were waiting for a good excuse? No need to have big
               | expensive party if you could have done that in any other
               | context. But then again you'd need to whole country to
               | accept paying for making new apartments just in Sydney.
        
               | makeitdouble wrote:
               | I remember a report on how Sydney was the only Olympics
               | for a while that was net positive.
               | 
               | Paris might also be, as they have very little new infra
               | to build.
        
               | jedberg wrote:
               | That's not correct. Sydney lost money, and Atlanta (4
               | years prior) made money:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_of_the_Olympic_Games
        
               | makeitdouble wrote:
               | I am a bit split. If I'm reading it correctly, Wiki's
               | source is a journal's comparing their simulation of what
               | Sydney's economy would have been without the Olympics,
               | and the numbers published officially, with a twist on
               | additional costs they think should be added to the
               | official estimates.
               | 
               | > We simulated the behaviour of industries, households
               | and government resulting from hosting the Games for each
               | of eight Australian regions over the years from 1997 to
               | 2005. Our results revealed that rather than producing an
               | economic benefit the Sydney Games actually reduced
               | Australian household consumption by $2.1 billion.
               | 
               | For comparison there are later reviews of the economics
               | of the town with the 6 years after Olympics, with less
               | simulation apparently, which come to a different
               | conclusion
               | https://repository.tcu.edu/handle/116099117/10360
               | 
               | I honestly don't know which one is more trustworthy
        
               | Ntrails wrote:
               | > I think we all wanted it too
               | 
               | Definitely not true. However, post hoc I am forced to
               | admit it was not as colossal a waste of money as I'd
               | expected, and honestly there was an astonishingly
               | positive societal response. So, _I was wrong_ , but I was
               | not alone!
        
               | ColonialOne wrote:
               | An astonishingly positive societal response which lasted
               | how long? Do you think there have been long lasting
               | benefits from that or was it just a nice few weeks? If
               | the latter, which is my impression, I don't think that
               | represents value for money at all.
        
               | Ntrails wrote:
               | I would argue years, genuinely. I still hear
               | conversations about how great it was etc etc.
        
               | JetSetWilly wrote:
               | The Olympics in London cost 11.3 Billion and generated
               | revenue of 3.3 billion which doesn't exactly seem hugely
               | beneficial.
               | 
               | Of course in the usual London fashion most of the money
               | came out of UK govt coffers, national lottery funding etc
               | - so it was just a form of London sucking cash out of the
               | rest of the UK to build infra, via the handy "Olympics"
               | excuse, so I can see how a _londoner_ might argue it was
               | good as it was a means of extracting resources from the
               | rest of the country.
               | 
               | In the aggregate, it was just a giant waste of money
               | especially for the 90% of the UK population that isn't in
               | London.
        
               | acituan wrote:
               | > The Olympics in London cost 11.3 Billion and generated
               | revenue of 3.3 billion which doesn't exactly seem hugely
               | beneficial.
               | 
               | Except it is one giant international PR and brand
               | recognition event for the host country. TV ads cost in
               | aggregate billions too and don't bring any revenue
               | immediately, doesn't mean they are a waste of money.
               | 
               | Not to mention Olympics getting people interested in
               | _doing_ sports, which amid a global obesity upsurge,
               | could also be worth more than nothing.
        
               | JetSetWilly wrote:
               | If this is true, why is there no evidence? Tourism in
               | cities that have hosted the olympics doesn't have an
               | increase - certainly for london it didn't. There's no
               | economic benefits in the years following for the host
               | country that have been observed. It is doubtful that
               | these second order benefits exist at all.
               | 
               | Even for "name recognition" as an end in itself - cities
               | like London and Tokyo are hardly backwaters in need of a
               | PR boost.
               | 
               | If tackling obesity is such a priority, I'm sure there's
               | more direct and effective ways to tackle it with 11
               | billion quid.
        
               | acituan wrote:
               | > If this is true, why is there no evidence?
               | 
               | How well can companies evidentiate their brand awareness
               | campaigns? How well can an actress calculate returns from
               | having attended a talk-show? Evidence of absence cannot
               | reliably be inferred from an absence of evidence.
               | 
               | > Even for "name recognition" as an end in itself -
               | cities like London and Tokyo are hardly backwaters in
               | need of a PR boost.
               | 
               | Familiarity is not the same as salience. Coca Cola is
               | known by virtually the entire world, that doesn't make
               | them stop the ads or branding campaigns.
               | 
               | > If tackling obesity is such a priority, I'm sure
               | there's more direct and effective ways to tackle it with
               | 11 billion quid.
               | 
               | Conceivable doesn't mean doable. There are many direct
               | and effective ways of improving a great many things in
               | the world, yet they don't _happen_.
               | 
               | Just like a great startup idea doesn't translate to a
               | billion dollar revenue, political implementation doesn't
               | spring into existence just from good ideas either.
        
               | alasdair_ wrote:
               | >How well can companies evidentiate their brand awareness
               | campaign?
               | 
               | Remarkably well actually. You can do things like ask
               | people questions about the olympics and the sponsor city
               | and then put them into cohorts based on their answers.
               | From that, you can look at how much spending occurred in
               | the target city from each cohort.
        
               | dijit wrote:
               | I don't disagree with any particular point here but I'd
               | like to point out that there are some second order
               | effects from that investment money, it wasn't just "gone"
               | and it didn't just go to the koffers of building
               | contractors either.
               | 
               | I can give some examples;
               | 
               | 1) Newham was a very impoverished area before the olympic
               | stadium was set to move there. Now Stratford and Newham
               | are desirable.. More desirable than Hackney which has
               | been "up and coming" for as long as I lived there.
               | 
               | 2) Internet in London is/was _abysmal_. Genuinely awful.
               | I even wrote a exasperated blog post about it[0]. This
               | was due to degraded and faulty ADSL being he only option
               | and grossly oversubscribed even if it worked well- and
               | the large providers only followed each other with fibre
               | installations.
               | 
               | When the olympics rolled in there was an enormous
               | infrastructure improvement - I even remember talking to
               | some Telecity employees about it. -- That infrastructure
               | was later sold on to last mile providers who expanded it
               | a bit and I went from speeds worse than dial-up with
               | frequent route drops to symmetric gigabit and IPv6 using
               | a new company called "Hyperoptic". That was a real
               | improvement for everyone in my area because they had
               | given up on home internet. (no netflix, youtube, only
               | basic banking websites possible).
               | 
               | [0]: https://blog.dijit.sh/the-true-state-of-london-
               | broadband
        
               | breakfastduck wrote:
               | For people in London only, though. At the cost of the
               | rest of the country.
        
               | dijit wrote:
               | I never refuted that, and in another comment I equally
               | lambasted this practice.
               | 
               | So, what are you contributing to the conversation?
        
               | smt88 wrote:
               | I'm not sure where your jab at London taking govt funds
               | came from.
               | 
               | London, like most modern cities, generates a surplus that
               | subsidizes surrounding suburban and rural areas[1].
               | 
               | It was still an awful waste of money, but it wasn't part
               | of any trend.
               | 
               | 1. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/may/23/uk-
               | budget-d...
        
               | JetSetWilly wrote:
               | It comes from London frequently having money lavished on
               | it that other areas don't (eg - check public transport
               | [1]) - and usually accompanied with a self-fulfilling
               | prophecy about how other areas don't generate tax income
               | (which of course is because they don't have good infra
               | and investment). And this situation has been very much
               | engineered by the UK government over the last 40 years,
               | it isn't some state of nature.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.ippr.org/news-and-media/press-
               | releases/revealed-...
        
               | scns wrote:
               | In Paris an Munich it is similar i think.
        
               | dijit wrote:
               | I just want to chime in here and agree with this
               | wholeheartedly.
               | 
               | There is a lot of self-fulfilment when it comes to London
               | spending vs London generation of revenues.
               | 
               | It's famously the case that London props up almost the
               | entire rest of the country. Scotland itself being a net-
               | loss in terms of GDP.
               | 
               | I come from a City called Coventry, "investment" in the
               | city is non-existent; the only investor right now is the
               | University which has essentially bought the entire City
               | over the last 10 years.
               | 
               | Why? Because "Coventry doesn't make money". Why does
               | Coventry not make money? -- well, companies would never
               | headquarter there because the infrastructure is not good
               | enough and the networking connections are not compelling;
               | even if you think it will save you money because it's
               | cheaper to hire in Coventry (somewhere in the order of
               | 1/3rd london salaries, 1/5th London commercial rents)
               | it's still awkward because navigating the city requires
               | making use of the awful public transport or buying a
               | car[0] (which the city is close to capacity with
               | already!)
               | 
               | Birmingham, Britains "second city" has only moderate
               | investment compared to London (though insanely more than
               | most other UK cities), but also feels destitute in the
               | majority of areas, _especially_ when compared to London,
               | the infrastructure is marginally better than Coventry but
               | the prestige/networking/access is nearly no different.
               | 
               | This is many decades in the making, there is absolutely
               | no way to compete with a city like London which is
               | reaping the rewards of many decades of incredible
               | investment which creates network effects which only serve
               | to increase the gravitational pull of the city.
               | 
               | [0]: https://youtu.be/Mxvk3KO8p20
        
               | heurisko wrote:
               | One the most frustrating things to me, and I say this as
               | as a Southerner, was why they decided to build HS2 first,
               | instead of linking up Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds,
               | Sheffield first (HS3). Then building HS2 if it was
               | necessary.
               | 
               | But now there is, yet another, infrastructure project
               | that is connected to London.
               | 
               | Spreading investment around the UK would be a good thing,
               | it would take the heat out of Southern property prices,
               | if everyone wasn't compelled to find jobs in the same
               | geographic area.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | midnightclubbed wrote:
               | Born and raised in Coventry and still have family there.
               | 
               | Coventry has fought (as I see it) 2 major issues which
               | have held it back.
               | 
               | Firstly as the center of the UK car industry and the
               | Detroit of Britain its economic successes and failures
               | have been tied closely to the ups and downs of UK car
               | production. The collapse of that industry from the 1980s
               | through to the early 2000s resulted in huge numbers of
               | unemployed skilled and semi-skilled manufacturing
               | workers. Manufacturing of that type and scale is not
               | something governments can will into existence (and
               | generally the efforts to do so have been at best non-
               | ideal - see Rover's sale to BMW).
               | 
               | The other issue with Coventry is the well-intentioned but
               | disastrous rebuilding of the city center following its
               | flattening in WWII. The city center remains an uninviting
               | concrete jungle with few non-retail businesses and almost
               | no housing. Though the 1980s the inner core became a no-
               | go area after dark and continues to have a bad
               | reputation. Outside of University housing there is little
               | reason for anyone to live anywhere but the suburbs (or in
               | a neighboring town or city).
               | 
               | I would argue that Coventry does have excellent
               | infrastructure and that is no part of why companies
               | haven't wanted to move there. There are multiple trains
               | per hour to London (and Birmingham) and is served by
               | major motorways to London, Birmingham and Oxford
               | (M6/M45/M69). Compared to most UK cities traffic seems
               | manageable.
               | 
               | The expansion of Coventry University and University of
               | Warwick (which despite its name is located in Coventry)
               | may have been the best possible result for the city. How
               | else could the UK government have spent money in the city
               | to attract the size of employers that the city needs?
        
               | eyko wrote:
               | Of all the boroughs I've lived in, in London, the East
               | Village (a.k.a. Olympic village) and the adjacent Queen
               | Elizabeth Park is by far my favourite, and it's still
               | improving. It has also had an impact on the surrounding
               | areas which, negative in terms of gentrification and
               | ridiculous house prices, but very positive in terms of
               | the flourishing local economy and community.
        
               | JetSetWilly wrote:
               | Sure, I mean if you have the entire UK lavish money on a
               | small area of London, that small area will benefit!
               | Nobody would deny that nobody has benefitted from the
               | olympics - a very small area of the country and a small
               | number of companies contracted to build things benefited
               | greatly, at the cost of the rest of the UK.
        
               | ColonialOne wrote:
               | Shame about the cladding fiasco though.
               | 
               | https://www.standard.co.uk/homesandproperty/buying-
               | mortgages...
        
               | ekianjo wrote:
               | > We benefited from it in London
               | 
               | You can never say that for sure because the money spent
               | on organizing Olympics could have been used somewhere
               | else (or not used at all, therefore decreasing taxation).
               | It was certainly a waste for anyone not living in London
               | in any case.
        
               | prashantsengar wrote:
               | Every money that one spends can be spent somewhere else
               | too
        
               | fomine3 wrote:
               | Well, Tokyo is most far from wasteland in Japan. It
               | wastes money to most crowded city despite most towns are
               | declining.
        
             | aiisjustanif wrote:
             | And NBC, they aren't paying over 1 billion dollars per
             | olympics just to not have the show go on.
        
             | Asymmetryk wrote:
             | The understanding that I think that attentive observers are
             | taking away from this games, is that the Olympics Committee
             | and political cohort bring shame on the host nation, not
             | glory. I hope I'm not being too sensitive, but I really
             | have felt as if the Japanese people have been reacting not
             | merely to the patent illogic and consequently unjustifiable
             | dangers, but I like to think that the Japanese are reacting
             | to the contemptuous and privileged solipsism of those
             | responsible, with a demonstration of regret and protest
             | that's going to make everyone start to see these organisers
             | for who they are.
        
             | strulovich wrote:
             | The sentimental in me really appreciates what the Olympics
             | stand for. There are many things bad in sports, but the
             | idea of all the humans in the world sending delegates for a
             | global sports competition is a good reminder of all the
             | progress we've made. (I'm also a Eurovision fan)
        
             | monkeycantype wrote:
             | Watching the soccer made we think maybe we could get used
             | to watching athletes compete in beautiful locations with no
             | stadiums and crowds. Maybe you could do olympics really
             | cheap with no tourists
        
               | ekianjo wrote:
               | Or do the Olympics always in the same place, instead of
               | wasting energy building new installations around the
               | globe every 4 years that will never be re-used.
        
             | jedberg wrote:
             | Every Olympics held in the United States has been
             | profitable for the host city (and all but one in Canada) in
             | large part because the infrastructure already exists.
             | 
             | Los Angeles is looking forward to having the games in 2028
             | because it gives them extra money to pay for infrastructure
             | that they've been planning to build anyway.
             | 
             | San Francisco really wanted the 2028 games as well because
             | it would have allowed us to finish building BART/CalTrain
             | around the Bay, and we would have already had all the
             | venues necessary with the various pro and college
             | facilities around the Bay.
        
               | AlexandrB wrote:
               | > Every Olympics held in the United States has been
               | profitable for the host city (and all but one in Canada)
               | in large part because the infrastructure already exists.
               | 
               | Do you have a source? From
               | https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/economics-hosting-
               | olympic-g...
               | 
               | > As a result, in 1979 Los Angeles was the only city to
               | bid for the 1984 Summer Olympics, allowing it to
               | negotiate exceptionally favorable terms with the
               | International Olympic Committee (IOC).
               | 
               | > The 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles were the only games to
               | produce a surplus, in large part because the city was
               | able to rely on already existing infrastructure. As the
               | costs of hosting have skyrocketed, revenues cover only a
               | fraction of expenditures. Beijing's 2008 Summer Olympics
               | generated $3.6 billion in revenue, compared with over $40
               | billion in costs, and London's Summer Games in 2012
               | generated $5.2 billion compared with $18 billion in
               | costs. What's more, much of the revenue doesn't go to the
               | host--the IOC keeps more than half of all television
               | revenue, typically the single largest chunk of money
               | generated by the games.
        
               | CydeWeys wrote:
               | Atlanta 1996 turned a profit:
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics
        
               | ak217 wrote:
               | Atlanta 96 was a great case study in this. Atlanta built
               | a ton of infrastructure that continues to serve the city
               | well. Many of the venues built in downtown and especially
               | on the Georgia Tech campus went on to be very productive
               | and useful. Georgia Tech has a world-class gym and still
               | uses some of the olympic village as dorms as part of that
               | legacy. There is one big exception - a massive tennis
               | center built out in the suburbs. It was too far outside
               | the city, never got much use and was demolished in 2018. 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_Mountain_Tennis_Cente
               | r
        
           | crakenzak wrote:
           | You're incorrect. The Fifa World Cup is the largest sporting
           | event in the world.
        
             | new299 wrote:
             | In the context of my comment, I mean largest in terms of
             | number of athletes and support staff. The Olympics is far
             | larger in these terms I believe.
        
           | wodenokoto wrote:
           | No. More than 80% are against doing Olympics during COVID
           | lockdown.
           | 
           | I think the majority is for a non-COVID olympics.
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | > I think the majority is for a non-COVID olympics
             | 
             | When you phrase it like that it has me imagining make the
             | 100m sprint for Covid athletes (maybe 80% SpO2?). It sounds
             | quite interesting. So I guess I'm now part of the 20%.
        
             | new299 wrote:
             | There's no lockdown (as this is normally understood) in
             | Japan. This concept doesn't really exist (because it's
             | legally difficult to implement without changing the
             | constitution as I understand it).
             | 
             | There's a state of emergency in Tokyo (now expanded to
             | surrounding areas). But this doesn't really restrict people
             | very much.
             | 
             | Yes, the majority are against holding the Olympics now (or
             | cancelling it if it's not possible to postpone). But you'd
             | likely find support for delaying the Olympics until after
             | COVID-19 (whenever that might be).
        
           | f0xytr0xy wrote:
           | > And that in most respects it has be a disaster, I've lost
           | count of the number of scandals and resignations... [2]
           | Rather than being good PR for Japan, it feels like it's been
           | overwhelmingly negative.
           | 
           | You are basically describing every olympics I can remember
           | and most that I've read about before my birth.
           | 
           | Assassinations, at least 5 decades of doping scandals by East
           | Germany and USSR, ice skaters' husbands attacking
           | competitors, Hitler, etc.
           | 
           | The Olympics is a rage-inducing waste of taxpayer money, but
           | I love watching gymnastics.
        
             | numpad0 wrote:
             | WA2000 is also one of the coolest sculptures in the history
             | :p
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | m4rtink wrote:
         | It's so unfortunate! The 2020 Olympics was supposed to be the
         | start of the new Reiwa Era, rebirth after the devastation of
         | the 2011 quake, like the 1964 Olympics and 1970 expo were a
         | sign of rebirth after the end of the war.
         | 
         | Already during our visits to Japan in 2017 and 2019 we could
         | see a lot of infrastructure work going on all around, lots of
         | optimistic Olympic advertising and countdowns. It really should
         | have been an even presenting modern Japan to the whole world,
         | with the expectation that many of the countless tourists who
         | would go for the Olympics would like Japan and return.
         | 
         | But with covid this is all gone, a lot of expensive
         | infrastructure that will take many years to pay back without
         | all the tourists and possibly bad image of Japan on the
         | international stage & dissatisfaction with the government and
         | foreign organizations in the Japanese population.
         | 
         | Oh well, at least Akira did not happen. ;-)
        
       | Scea91 wrote:
       | Small details like this make my day. I also love how it was
       | basically crowdfunded by Japanese people. It quite strenghtens
       | the symbolic value of the medal I think.
        
         | Asymmetryk wrote:
         | when and where from can I get myself a recycled electronics
         | gold watch / earrings for my lady geek? I feel very confident
         | that this is going to happen, now, but I'm fascinated by the
         | economics of the acquisition of the e-waste, in terms of "ore"
         | density : it's a while since I was marvelling at the sight of
         | the gold pad to pin wires in a ceramic package. Where's the
         | highest quality and concentrations now?
        
           | jdavis703 wrote:
           | There are potential moral concerns with e-waste recycling. I
           | won't say it's more problematic than mining. But many of the
           | same issues with environmental degradation, dangerous work
           | environments and child labor can apply.
           | 
           | Source: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/vie
           | wconten...
        
         | AlexandrB wrote:
         | Too bad they didn't crowdsource the decision about whether the
         | olympics should happen this year:
         | https://sports.yahoo.com/cancel-the-olympics-japanese-people...
        
           | nixass wrote:
           | Canceling Olympics is difficult. Whoever cancels it, has to
           | pay hefty fine, either the host or the Olympic committee. The
           | pandemic is sadly not the valid reason to cancel them, at
           | least not in committee's eyes, so Japan was strong handed
           | here.
        
             | toiletaccount wrote:
             | Japan could have just said no to the Olympics, not paid the
             | fine and told the IOC exactly where to put the contract.
             | 
             | Hosting the games ends up costing the host countries more
             | money anyway so if IOC skips over them in the future...so
             | what?
             | 
             | E: this assumes the fine isn't already in escrow
        
               | alasdair_ wrote:
               | That could have led to Japan being banned from the
               | Olympics until the fine is paid.
        
               | toiletaccount wrote:
               | eh.
        
               | pyuser583 wrote:
               | Couldn't they just compete anyways as the "Japanese
               | Olympic Committee?"
        
           | skocznymroczny wrote:
           | If you left the pandemic decisions to a majority vote, most
           | places would be fully open by now.
        
             | taejo wrote:
             | I don't know about your country, but every month from
             | January to June (the latest data I found) a large majority
             | of Germans polled believed the measures to fight COVID were
             | appropriate or didn't go far enough.
             | https://de.statista.com/infografik/23810/umfrage-zur-
             | angemes...
        
             | jdavis703 wrote:
             | I'm not sure what country you're basing this on, but in the
             | US the 2020 election felt like a repudiation of the more
             | liberalized COVID-19 policies of the Trump administration.
        
         | decadancer wrote:
         | Almost all of government spending is crowdfunded
        
           | kzrdude wrote:
           | Olympics has huge sponsors too
        
           | craftinator wrote:
           | If you don't opt in to the crowdfunding, it's called "mass
           | theft".
        
           | jdavis703 wrote:
           | People opt-in to crowdfunding. Generally we have no choice in
           | paying taxes. That said some states like California give
           | taxpayers the option to pay extra taxes for special funds
           | like coastal cleanup or processing the rape kit backlog.
           | These funds are more analogous to crowd funding, but they
           | pale in comparison to total state revenue.
        
       | kzrdude wrote:
       | It claims the medals are pure silver, but a 925 silver alloy or
       | so would be more realistic? Probably just ignorance of the detail
       | by the research behind the article.
        
       | [deleted]
        
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