[HN Gopher] Eternal Change for No Energy: A Time Crystal Finally...
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       Eternal Change for No Energy: A Time Crystal Finally Made Real
        
       Author : theafh
       Score  : 60 points
       Date   : 2021-07-30 14:14 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.quantamagazine.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.quantamagazine.org)
        
       | pera wrote:
       | What's the difference between this and this other work also from
       | the Max Planck Institute published back in February?:
       | 
       | https://is.mpg.de/news/world-s-first-video-recording-of-a-sp...
        
       | high_byte wrote:
       | and with that, plain crystals are automatically upgraded to space
       | crystals
        
         | rbanffy wrote:
         | Space is just time rotated 90 degrees
        
           | high_byte wrote:
           | damn those perpendicular-time crystals
        
           | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
           | You're right! But the rotation has to happen in opposite
           | directions through the 7th and 9th dimensions.
        
             | morpheos137 wrote:
             | can you explain what you mean?
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | Of course not! It's jibberish to the same extent that
               | "space is time rotated through 90 degrees" is. Fun, but
               | jibberish.
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | The laws of physics are only symmetric under euclidean
           | rotations in the three dimensions of space. When mixing time
           | and space, you have to use a hyperbolic rotation, and there
           | is no hyperbolic rotation that turns time into space.
        
       | rbanffy wrote:
       | And now I am imagining something that's time-amorphous, like a
       | time crystal, but that doesn't cycle orderly over a predictable
       | set of states at regular intervals, but that does so irregularly
       | tracing itself into multiple paths between its possible states.
        
         | thanatos519 wrote:
         | That sounds very Stephen Wolfram to me.
        
         | p1mrx wrote:
         | Doesn't a glass of water satisfy that definition?
        
       | _game_of_life wrote:
       | I stopped listening to anything from quanta magazine after this
       | video:
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/HL7DEkXV_60
       | 
       | Where they claim that that a "landmark proof" and one of the
       | greatest accomplishments in computer science of 2020 solved THE
       | HALTING PROBLEM using "a quantum AI supercomputer."
       | 
       | I looked up the proof and that's not even remotely what the
       | authors paper seems to be talking about...
       | 
       | Not to mention you'd both win the Turing award and have it
       | renamed after you if you solved the halting problem.
       | 
       | So I guess my question is: Is quanta magazine reputable or just
       | more science clickbait? I'm curious what the hacker News audience
       | thinks since I am definitely not a quantum physicist.
        
         | teraflop wrote:
         | That video segment never mentions "AI", and it never says that
         | the halting problem has been solved -- it explicitly says it's
         | unsolvable. What it says is that solutions to the halting
         | problem could be _verified_ under a certain computational
         | model.
         | 
         | That's obviously an extremely rough summary of what the paper
         | shows, but I'm not sure how one could do better in a 3-minute
         | summary for a non-expert audience. And based on Scott
         | Aaronson's response to the paper, it seems like calling it a
         | "landmark" result is very reasonable:
         | 
         | > Still, assuming this one stands (as I'm guessing it will), I
         | regard it as easily one of the biggest complexity-theoretic
         | (and indeed computability-theoretic!) surprises so far in this
         | century. Huge congratulations to the authors on what looks to
         | be a historic achievement.
         | 
         | https://www.scottaaronson.com/blog/?p=4512
        
         | kevinventullo wrote:
         | I've read a few Quanta articles about topics in pure math, and
         | they did about as good of a job as one could reasonably expect.
         | E.g. they interviewed roughly the same people I would have
         | chosen, and the author clearly spent a great deal of time
         | trying to make the work accessible without saying anything
         | untrue or misleading. Of course, there's a certain amount of
         | hype that tends to be a matter of opinion.
         | 
         | Here's an example close to my heart:
         | https://www.quantamagazine.org/mathematicians-find-polynomia...
        
       | excalibur wrote:
       | > The time crystal is a new category of phases of matter,
       | expanding the definition of what a phase is. All other known
       | phases, like water or ice, are in thermal equilibrium: Their
       | constituent atoms have settled into the state with the lowest
       | energy permitted by the ambient temperature, and their properties
       | don't change with time. The time crystal is the first "out-of-
       | equilibrium" phase: It has order and perfect stability despite
       | being in an excited and evolving state.
       | 
       | So to recap, there are now 8 known states of matter: solid,
       | liquid, gas, plasma, bose-einstein condensate, time crystal, and
       | apparently water and ice.
        
       | swamp40 wrote:
       | So it needs a laser, but it doesn't absorb any energy from the
       | laser? Hmm.
        
       | FishFoodzD wrote:
       | Isn't this just a perpetual motion machine? How can it change,
       | while absorbing no energy from a laser, forever? If it's a
       | perpetual motion machine, how can that be?
        
         | neatze wrote:
         | It is really hard to follow context of article, guess is not
         | written for us mortals. My primitive understanding that is most
         | likely wrong;
         | 
         | > If it sounds implausible, it is: After much thrill and
         | controversy, a 2014 proof showed that Wilczek's prescription
         | fails, like all other perpetual-motion machines conceived
         | throughout history.
         | 
         | > Furthermore, the spins never absorbed or dissipated net
         | energy from the microwave laser, leaving the disorder of the
         | system unchanged.
         | 
         | Seems like maintaining stable quantum state A or B costs
         | energy, but changing quantum state from A to B or from B to A
         | does not somehow introduces additional order/disorder to a
         | quantum system and changing state costs energy. (this still
         | confuses me, obviously)
        
         | space_fountain wrote:
         | I think the difference is a perpetual motion machine ought to
         | be able to do useful work. You can hook it up to a shaft and
         | generate power ect. This merely moves. I guess this doesn't
         | work for some reason (or maybe just doesn't count), but imagine
         | a wheel rotating in a perfect vacuum. It can quite happily
         | rotate forever without using any additional energy
        
           | FishFoodzD wrote:
           | It would still slow down. The blackbody radiation output by
           | the wheel would cool it down, and in the same way, all the
           | electrons the wheel is made out of will radiate energy as
           | they are spun. (Spinning charges are constantly accelerated
           | by centripetal force, and accelerated charges radiate.) So
           | no, 2nd law of thermodynamics means you can't even keep pace,
           | you are always losing energy. So how can these scientists
           | claim to have invented perpetual motion?
        
             | neatze wrote:
             | This is how I am reading it as an wheel analogy;
             | 
             | 1. Maintaining vacuum state costs energy.
             | 
             | 2. Using energy you can change wheel rotation from clock
             | wise to counter clockwise.
             | 
             | 3. By using energy when changing wheel ration, wheel
             | rotation energy is not effected.
             | 
             | I am almost sure it is false thought :)
        
             | space_fountain wrote:
             | Hum, guess I'm definitely exposing my lack of physics
             | knowledge, but my understanding was that entropy is only
             | guaranteed to increase or stay the same in any isolated
             | system. That the inequality is >= not >. If so while like
             | this exact example might not work, there isn't anything
             | clearly wrong with something that just has repetitive
             | motion
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | It's not more of a perpetual motion machine than the molecules
         | of a gas moving around, or of a solid vibrating.
        
           | ballenf wrote:
           | If the phase changes happen on any kind of non-random
           | schedule, however, it would still be introducing information
           | into the system. And therefore violating know laws. Right?
        
             | teraflop wrote:
             | What known laws would it be violating?
             | 
             | If you're thinking of the second law of thermodynamics,
             | bear in mind that popular descriptions that equate
             | "entropy" with "information" or "non-randomness" are
             | _extremely_ oversimplifying things. A periodic change in a
             | system does not necessarily imply a decrease in entropy.
        
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       (page generated 2021-07-30 23:01 UTC)