[HN Gopher] Duolingo reaches $6.5B valuation on day of IPO
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Duolingo reaches $6.5B valuation on day of IPO
        
       Author : doppp
       Score  : 302 points
       Date   : 2021-07-29 03:31 UTC (19 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.reuters.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.reuters.com)
        
       | holoduke wrote:
       | My biggest issue with apps like Duolingo is that they pretend
       | learning a language is like a game. Effortless and easy. In
       | reality you need to have quite some motivation to learn every day
       | for a few hours. You need to learn words and grammar by writing
       | them down. Lots of times. You need to talk with people at least a
       | few times per week. You need to repeat a lot. It's very hard
       | work. And even then it takes most regular people about 2 to 4
       | years to get yourself to a level like my English (not fluent, but
       | enough)
        
         | rafaelero wrote:
         | A lot of my English I acquired reading Reddit. Sure, I did have
         | a previous background at school, but I would say that it can be
         | painless.
        
       | rafaelero wrote:
       | I don't understand all these comments saying that Duolingo is
       | useless? Maybe your brain is not very fit for acquiring a new
       | language, but the app is nothing more than an easy way to do
       | small exercises. That can be pretty useful by itself, if you
       | really have the motivation to do it a lot.
        
       | m0llusk wrote:
       | Kind of tangential, but Paul at Langfocus has a potentially
       | interesting video about his observations of Duolingo:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BbmXSR_QiP8
        
       | asoneth wrote:
       | It makes sense that fifteen minutes a day of Duolingo isn't as
       | effective as spending two hours a day studying, going to meetups,
       | traveling to a foreign country, etc.
       | 
       | I recall similar criticism for the "seven-minute workout" from
       | people who pointed out that joining a gym and hiring a personal
       | trainer is a more effective way of getting in shape.
       | 
       | But those are not very helpful. If I have fifteen minutes before
       | the kids wake up my only decision is how to spend that time.
       | Duolingo? Meditate? Pushups? Half an episode of something?
       | Daydream?
        
       | jeofken wrote:
       | For any language learners out there, my method of learning to
       | communicate quite freely in two foreign languages in adulthood
       | has been going to bars, and asking tipsy strangers in very
       | friendly ways about words, such as on the menu, or something
       | you're wondering about. Let them be the expert they are. You must
       | enjoy learning and sounding like an idiot for a couple of years.
       | 
       | I've done courses, Duolingo etc, self study books, spaced
       | repetition cards, and watched a lot of TV. But nothing has beat
       | bars, or having roommates who don't speak English (or my native
       | language).
        
         | mabub24 wrote:
         | This is similar for me, though with language meetups or
         | literally just paying someone to talk with me in the language I
         | want to learn.
         | 
         | Nothing beats seeing the language used as a living thing, as a
         | part of human behavior within a form of life. Immersion, in
         | person, is also essential for understanding the ways that
         | people speak in a language, all the different connotations and
         | tricks to words. Also, jokes. Attempting to tell jokes in a 2nd
         | language, and also getting a laugh out of people (perhaps at
         | you, but same feeling) is really rewarding feeling. I often
         | tell people to start trying to tell jokes in a 2nd language
         | right away. It immediately gives you a sense of play in the
         | language and jokes are often direct references to common human
         | experience. In a way, a lot of jokes are universal.
        
       | deadcoder0904 wrote:
       | Duolingo story is fascinating. The guy created a software which
       | then became Google Captcha.
       | 
       | He is a legend in crowdsourcing 2 startups. The best part about
       | crowdsourced startups are they inherently create MOAT.
        
       | studentrob wrote:
       | And still no traditional chinese characters which means you need
       | a desktop extension and can't learn it on mobile.
        
       | j45 wrote:
       | I remember hearing an academic rail and rant against Duolingo at
       | a prominent global online learning conference a few year ago.
       | 
       | What struck me was the negativity in the face of a simple problem
       | being solved - people want to learn to speak a language before
       | they learn to read and write it for many valid reasons.
       | 
       | Conversational fluency is a thing that has existed for a very
       | long time.
       | 
       | Duolingos superpower is that it can create beginners in languages
       | new to them, at scale, something which most systems to date can't
       | do as well.
       | 
       | It's true a phone might not give you a full education, but we do
       | search for plenty of things every day to learn to use knowledge.
       | 
       | The esteemed academic did not present any alternatives to this
       | desire among learners to start to learn a new language.. and
       | instead went back to the theory of learning language through
       | reading and writing first.
        
       | dep_b wrote:
       | Some of it's statistics were pretty interesting, like the huge
       | amount of Arabic speaking people that wanted to learn Swedish.
        
         | vr46 wrote:
         | Driven by many refugees that sought asylum in Sweden, I
         | believe.
         | 
         | https://blog.duolingo.com/our-commitments-to-helping-refugee...
        
           | gurkendoktor wrote:
           | Duolingo's loading screen regularly highlights that:
           | 
           | "Did you know that most people learning Swedish on Duolingo
           | are in Sweden (refugees)?" (quote from memory)
        
         | uniqueid wrote:
         | I don't know how recent that statistic is, but the statistics
         | Duolingo released a few years back were misleading. I believe
         | Duolingo claimed, for example, that Swedish speakers were most
         | interested in learning Arabic, but they left out the fact that
         | they only offered _one_ course for Swedish-speakers aside from
         | Arabic.
        
       | locallost wrote:
       | The gamification part of the app works well, until you make a
       | break. For me it was when I stopped using it because it basically
       | felt like breaking off an addiction, and I didn't want to go
       | back. So it kept me using it for a while, but ultimately it
       | pushed me away from it. My motivation was a trip to a foreign
       | country, and maybe I would've kept at it after it was over, but
       | as it is, I didn't. From my experience then it seems their goal
       | is less language learning, and more engagement in a typical
       | social network kind of way.
       | 
       | I think the app is technically also really good, and in general
       | pleasant to use. And I think it's not a bad way to learn because
       | you can immerse yourself more than by going to a school where a
       | teacher tries to explain things to you. Doing homework is really
       | important, and Duolingo is basically all homework.
       | 
       | How much did I learn in about a month and a half of 30mins per
       | day? Can't say after two years of not using the language at all,
       | but at the time it was enough to get a sense of something if the
       | menu was not in english etc. And when I was in the countryside
       | (in Italy), I was looking for somebody and the mother of the
       | person said just "ape", and I knew that they're taking care of
       | the bees. And recently I walked next to a new Italian restaurant
       | in town, and at the entrance it said "la nostra cucina ________
       | (forgot what)" and I was like, oh, I know what that means. So
       | it's not much, but it's not nothing.
        
       | fy20 wrote:
       | Reading the comments here gives me the impression that Duolingo
       | is more of a game than a language learning ressource.
       | Interestingly Zynga, makers of Farmville, targeted a $7B
       | valuation on the day of their IPO nearly 10 years ago [0], it
       | quickly dropped after though [1].
       | 
       | [0]
       | https://money.cnn.com/2011/12/14/technology/zynga_ipo_price/...
       | 
       | [1] https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthof/2011/12/16/zynga-
       | ipo-...
        
       | rainydaybook wrote:
       | I've always found Duolingo too boring and it didn't help me at
       | all.
       | 
       | I was able to learn 7 languages using different routes. I already
       | knew Russian, I've learned English the usual school + moving to
       | the country route, and I've learned Spanish, French, German,
       | Italian and Latin by mostly reading books and watching online
       | videos and movies.
       | 
       | Having bookstores nearby (especially the Strand) with a lot of
       | interesting books in Spanish, French, German and Italian were key
       | for me. I completely switch 100% of all book reading to the
       | language I'm learning.
       | 
       | I would not be able to learn anything without a steady supply of
       | interesting books.
       | 
       | For Spanish, most movies on netflix and disney will have
       | subtitles and dubs.
       | 
       | For French, there's Arte Karambolage and the newer Disney films
       | are available in french.
       | 
       | For German, there's also Arte Karambolage and newer Disney films
       | and 'Dark' on netflix.
       | 
       | For Italian, there's a great youtube channel by Iliana Zodiaco
       | with interesting book discussions and reviews. Again newer Disney
       | plus films have Italian. And italian is just very easy in itself.
       | 
       | Latin is a lot tougher because there's not as many books in it,
       | and they tend to be not as easy. I've only read Caesar's Gallic
       | wars and Winnie the Pooh. And the grammar is hard. I recommend
       | checking out Lingua Latina Per Se, and youtube channels on Latin
       | Grammar (there's one really good one, 'latintutorial'). Still,
       | this is by far my weakest language. I've started Cicero orations
       | against Catiline, but it's tough going!
       | 
       | I didn't learn to speak in any of these because I don't have
       | daily contact with native speakers, but once I do, it will be
       | fairly easy.
        
         | cerved wrote:
         | huh, I've learnt 8 languages, mostly through conversation
        
           | rainydaybook wrote:
           | Which languages and how well did it work for you to
           | transition into reading books?
        
         | zild3d wrote:
         | At what point do you start reading a book in a new language? Do
         | you already know say 500 words? Otherwise I'd imagine you have
         | to look up almost every word on the page
        
           | TheFreim wrote:
           | I only know English but am in the middle of studying Latin
           | and I've found that the pain of having to look up works makes
           | them stick in my mind pretty well. Once you can understand a
           | decent number of words you can construct the meaning
           | surprisingly quickly just based on context and the endings of
           | words.
        
             | rainydaybook wrote:
             | I really recommend interlinear editions for Latin. And also
             | again want to mention Lingua Latina Per Se. If you are ever
             | in NYC there's East Village bookstore that has a lot of
             | interlinear editions in Latin at affordable price. Other
             | than that, you can also get Winnie the pooh in latin on
             | amazon and another edition in english and read them in
             | parallel.
             | 
             | There's also wizard of oz in latin which is a lot longer
             | than Winnie the pooh (and more interesting), but it's hard
             | to find and expensive, alas.
        
           | rainydaybook wrote:
           | Depends on the book. I usually used Alice in wonderland,
           | through the looking glass, and wizard of Oz as my first books
           | in these languages, (except latin), and though I don't know
           | the exact starting word count, I think a couple of hundred +
           | familiarity with the book is enough for me. Some other easy
           | and interesting books to consider are Tom Sawyer and The
           | Hobbit, and Peter Pan.
        
       | least wrote:
       | I was a cryptologic linguist for the army and went through a 16
       | month course of 6-7 hours of classroom instruction per day M-F,
       | native speaking instructors, tons of immersion, and a couple
       | hours of homework each night and left still feeling like I hardly
       | knew the language that I was supposed to be interpreting. Unless
       | your major in college is a specific language, you probably won't
       | achieve any sort of fluency in your target language from taking a
       | course in it, either.
       | 
       | Language learning is _hard_ and a multifaceted _thing_ that no
       | single application is going to adequately prepare you for.
       | Speaking and listening are related skills yet speaking is much
       | harder than listening, and both are much harder than reading (for
       | the vast majority of languages). Rote memorization is necessary.
       | Immersion is necessary. Comprehensible input is necessary.
       | 
       | Language learning apps like Duolingo sell the idea of learning a
       | language which is an extremely attractive idea to a lot of
       | people. They also make it a fun activity and incentivize
       | engagement with humor and gamification. The problem is that you
       | can't possibly become fluent in a language with an app like it
       | and there isn't any single app that will.
       | 
       | I suppose in the end Duolingo's valuation is more a reflection of
       | people's desire to learn a language rather than people actually
       | learning a language, though.
        
         | lbriner wrote:
         | The immersion is definitely the most valuable. Very few
         | language apps can help you learn idioms or slang, even if they
         | are in common usage.
         | 
         | Even if you were learning English, you are more likely to learn
         | "that is very good" rather than "that is amazing" or "sweet!".
         | 
         | I think we also underestimate how much immersion forces us into
         | thinking in the other language when we are surrounded by it,
         | even passively. If you use English all the time and learn
         | German for 2 hours per day, it's not even close to what it
         | would be like living in Germany, even if you were speaking
         | English there.
        
         | holoduke wrote:
         | Exactly. I learned russian to B2 level without any paid
         | material. I used Google translate to learn about 50 words per
         | day. I went for couple of months to the country. Took me about
         | 10 months to get to B2. Advancing further now is harder.
         | Guidance needed from a professional.
        
         | AussieWog93 wrote:
         | >The problem is that you can't possibly become fluent in a
         | language with an app like it and there isn't any single app
         | that will.
         | 
         | I don't think anyone is seriously under the delusion that
         | Duolingo alone will make you fluent in a language.
         | 
         | It is an amazingly powerful tool to bootstrap you from "I
         | cannot understand a single word of this language" to "I can
         | pick up a newspaper and get a vague idea of what they're
         | talking about", though.
         | 
         | I cannot think of a single more effective method than Duolingo
         | to get over this first hurdle.
        
           | smallerfish wrote:
           | DuoLingo is great as a first hurdle (better than e.g. Babbel,
           | as it's friendly and eases you in gradually) - but there are
           | diminishing returns. I found it useful to jump ship partway
           | through the course and move to LingQ (which has a
           | comparatively crude UX but exposes you to much more context.)
        
           | dorchadas wrote:
           | > I don't think anyone is seriously under the delusion that
           | Duolingo alone will make you fluent in a language.
           | 
           | I'm active in various Facebook/Reddit groups dealing with
           | language learning. The average user, who's never learned a
           | language before, _does_ think DL will make them fluent. And
           | DL advertises themselves in this manner as well. It 's a
           | common issue: "I've got my entire tree gold, why can't I
           | understand natives?"
           | 
           | > I cannot think of a single more effective method than
           | Duolingo to get over this first hurdle.
           | 
           | I think an actual coursebook is more useful, but it also
           | likely depends on person. DL doesn't really teach language
           | skills for most the courses. It has you translate, you never
           | practice reading for comprehension, listening for
           | comprehension (or listening to natives at all, in the courses
           | with TTS), or writing. And not to mention the default of
           | 'click the words' in the mobile app doesn't force recall at
           | all.
        
             | tgb wrote:
             | Audio is the most important and hardest component of
             | learning a language so apps have a huge advantage over
             | textbooks any day. I really don't think recommending
             | textbooks is at all relevant these days. Graded readers are
             | better for simulating immersion. Apps are better for
             | getting your feet wet. Textbooks can teach grammar but so
             | can apps and really you have to be pretty far along for
             | grammar to be the main stumbling block (over listening,
             | pronunciation, and vocabulary).
        
               | dorchadas wrote:
               | > Audio is the most important and hardest component of
               | learning a language so apps have a huge advantage over
               | textbooks any day.
               | 
               | Assuming the apps actually use native speaker audio.
               | Which Duolingo doesn't do.
               | 
               | > I really don't think recommending textbooks is at all
               | relevant these days.
               | 
               | I disagree completely. Textbooks are still, in my opinion
               | and experience, the most efficient way to start learning
               | a language.
               | 
               | > really you have to be pretty far along for grammar to
               | be the main stumbling block (over listening,
               | pronunciation, and vocabulary).
               | 
               | I wouldn't agree you have to be "pretty far along".
               | Grammar becomes a huge stumbling block as soon as you get
               | outside the pleasantries section of learning. Once you
               | start trying to talk about your day and what you'll do
               | and did, then the grammar really starts to matter.
        
               | barney54 wrote:
               | Why do you say Duolingo doesn't use native speakers?
               | Their Spanish speakers for example are either native or
               | indistinguishable from native speakers.
        
               | dorchadas wrote:
               | Then that's an update. For the longest time it was simply
               | TTS, with all the downsides that contains.
        
               | blacktriangle wrote:
               | I use newsinslowfrench.com for this very reason. They
               | have a whole library of grammer lessons and language
               | learning courses, but the main product really is that
               | every week they produce 4 "news broadcasts" actually
               | talking about news of the week by native speakers. In
               | addition to the general listening reenforcement, each
               | weeks script emphasizes a particular element of grammer
               | and comes along with that topics lesson. They product
               | both a speaking slow and speaking at a normal speed
               | version so you can start with the slow one to get an
               | understanding of what is happening, then listen to the
               | actual speed lesson and have a chance. It's an awesome
               | program, but it doesn't scale to other languages in the
               | way that some general-purpsoe learn all the languages
               | startup can.
        
             | wildfire wrote:
             | >= you never practice reading for comprehension
             | 
             | This has existed for at least two years:
             | https://www.duolingo.com/stories
             | 
             | Yes, it does not cover every language but the intent is to
             | address that ( perceived ) complaint.
             | 
             | I disagree that an actual coursebook is more helpful.
             | 
             | I used Duo for 6 months prior to moving to a Germany. It
             | gave me an incredible confidence boost to be able to at
             | least understand what was going on around me.
             | 
             | After living in Berlin for 6 months I did a course and I
             | was far ahead of others who had taken formal courses
             | before.
             | 
             | It has been 2 years since I left Germany, I still do my Duo
             | daily and have continued doing German courses.
             | 
             | It has helped maintain my minimal ability.
             | 
             | > it also likely depends on person
             | 
             | Indeed. My partner at the time did the same as me and Duo
             | did not work for her at all.
        
               | dorchadas wrote:
               | > This has existed for at least two years:
               | https://www.duolingo.com/stories
               | 
               | I'm aware of stories, but given that it's only available
               | in a small minority of languages, I'd say it's fair to
               | say DL doesn't offer it when the majority of their
               | languages don't (and likely won't ever) have stories.
        
               | FalconSensei wrote:
               | they used to have you read wiki articles like, 6 years
               | ago? I feel that over the years, Duolingo started
               | focusing way more on the game aspect than learning.
               | 
               | The spaced repetition is also mostly gone, only somewhat
               | available on desktop.
        
             | chrisfosterelli wrote:
             | > It's a common issue: "I've got my entire tree gold, why
             | can't I understand natives?"
             | 
             | As an alternative anecdote, I've been using Duolingo for
             | years and spend some time in the forums + different Spanish
             | learning communities whose users frequently use Duolingo
             | and I have never seen anyone ever ask this.
             | 
             | It's always struck me as obvious to everyone that you would
             | need multiple resources to become fluent, but Duolingo is
             | useful as a good quality free resource that can be done
             | anywhere at any time.
             | 
             | I'm not saying you're wrong, as we probably come across
             | different posts or groups, just an another experience to
             | share.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | saiya-jin wrote:
           | There are definitely more effective methods, just mostly not
           | free and more time demanding.
           | 
           | I have a mission to get B1 French, tried Duolingo with some
           | basic level for cca 6 months in past year. You get into the
           | bubble that you think you are progressing but reality is, its
           | a very narrow and not-so-useful progress if whole language
           | knowledge is your goal - mostly passive skills and certain
           | type of language usage that goes along with the type of
           | exercises in Duolingo.
           | 
           | If you want real language knowledge, as OP mentions speaking
           | is the hardest part (active & rapid usage of all that you
           | know), and Duolingo doesn't prepare you for this, at all. If
           | your goal is purely passive reading newspapers/articles, then
           | its helpful a bit, but I would still use at least 2-3 other
           | methods if you are even a bit serious about it.
           | 
           | Try talking to people after using just Duolingo, heck try
           | writing an official letter on whatever topic. You will not
           | just struggle, you will fail if you don't use any external
           | help.
           | 
           | I've made tremendous progress with zoom meetings with
           | professional teacher over shorter period of time. But its
           | because I made it a priority and dedicated my time to it. And
           | it costs quite a bit (doesn't have to, but my case is quite
           | specific).
        
             | AussieWog93 wrote:
             | >tried Duolingo with some basic level for cca 6 months in
             | past year
             | 
             | To be honest with you, I think you spent too much time on
             | Duolingo. It's definitely not a suitable tool for learning
             | new things after the first 8-12 weeks (assuming you put in
             | around 30-60 minutes a day).
             | 
             | To be fair, though, in that short initial period you can
             | pretty easily learn close to 1000 common words, as well as
             | basic sentence structure in your target langauge.
             | 
             | This is immensely useful if you want to start communicating
             | with others online or reading texts in your target
             | language; you're looking up the few words you don't know
             | rather than staring at a wall of gibberish.
        
             | jfengel wrote:
             | Duolingo isn't really intended to get you to B1. And even
             | if it were, it would take more than six months to get
             | there.
             | 
             | A commonly cited statistic is that it takes 360 hours in a
             | classroom to reach B1. Duolingo claims to proceed faster
             | than classroom hours, but there's enough fuzz in that
             | number to suppose that it's closer to 1:1. You just can't
             | realistically do 360 hours of Duolingo in six months.
             | 
             | Duolingo could at best help you reach an A3, and even then
             | you'd have to supplement it with reading and (ideally)
             | conversation. Duolingo plus outside reading and listening
             | could get you to a B1 level in a year if you really put
             | your mind to it.
             | 
             | They even make a podcast available, to help the listening
             | part. I happen to listen to the French one myself, and
             | highly recommend it. The stories are interesting and well
             | produced, and bring stories (and accents) from all around
             | the Francophonie.
             | 
             | Doing it with a personal teacher will always be better than
             | an app, but Duolingo gives a huge jump start on that. For
             | free.
        
               | splonk wrote:
               | They started adding B1 level content a couple years ago,
               | although I agree with the overall point that it's
               | probably not going to get you there on its own.
               | 
               | https://blog.duolingo.com/how-are-duolingo-courses-
               | evolving/
        
               | jfengel wrote:
               | I just completed all of that content up to French level
               | 1. It's helpful in introducing a lot of important-but-
               | uncommon verb cases (conditional, subjunctive), but at
               | least at level 1 I still wouldn't really be able to
               | follow them in context.
               | 
               | It sure as hell doesn't help that in French they all
               | sound the same. They're clear enough in written form, but
               | French in particular requires close attention to context.
               | Even other Romance languages draw the same distinctions
               | more clearly.
        
               | splonk wrote:
               | One of the problems with the Spanish course is that all
               | the later content (past checkpoint 5 or so) just stops
               | explaining things at all, so it's up to the user to
               | figure out things like how the negative imperative uses
               | the subjunctive case. It's okay if you've taken a more
               | structured language course in the past but I can imagine
               | people starting from scratch just getting completely lost
               | at that point.
        
             | rjsw wrote:
             | I found watching French TV helped get the equivalent of
             | language immersion.
             | 
             | One source that isn't region locked is TV5Monde [1], you
             | can view programmes online if it isn't available as a
             | broadcast channel where you are.
             | 
             | [1] http://www.tv5monde.com/
        
           | brushfoot wrote:
           | The old FSI language courses are very effective. And free and
           | in the public domain.
           | 
           | FSI combines hundreds of pages of print materials with
           | hundreds of verbal audio drills. I used it to supplement a
           | French course in college and my professor asked me how I
           | advanced so quickly. The course materials were doing very
           | little for the rest of the class because they didn't force
           | natural language thinking. FSI grammar drills make you think
           | on your feet in conversations with different roles and
           | grammatical rules.
           | 
           | I had also tried Rosetta and Pimsleur at the time. Years
           | later I tried Duolingo for another language. To me they all
           | feel like fun toys, but only toys compared to FSI. If I
           | wanted to learn another language, I'd check if it had an FSI
           | course.
        
             | jimbob45 wrote:
             | Surely there are updates to the FSI courses, right? Like
             | what does our state department today use? Have they
             | entirely farmed the job out to private institutions like
             | Rosetta Stone and community colleges?
        
             | AussieWog93 wrote:
             | I've not heard of FSI before. Thanks for the recommend.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | minton wrote:
             | If you search, you'll find plenty of people willing to sell
             | you some "FSI" courses for hundreds of dollars. Is there an
             | official source for FSI courses?
        
               | harblcat wrote:
               | It looks like https://www.fsi-language-courses.org/ is
               | what you want.
        
           | BossingAround wrote:
           | > from "I cannot understand a single word of this language"
           | to "I can pick up a newspaper and get a vague idea of what
           | they're talking about", though.
           | 
           | I think this too vastly oversells what Duolingo can do.
        
           | Mikeb85 wrote:
           | This. Duolingo is a great introduction to a language and can
           | get you from not knowing a word to being able to understand
           | something and maybe have basic tourist-level conversational
           | skills.
           | 
           | Nothing gets you to fluency without actually just immersing
           | yourself in a language for awhile.
        
           | plainnoodles wrote:
           | I agree. I feel like there's 3 phases to learning a new
           | language.
           | 
           | Background: English first language, French second, and I've
           | been trying to learn Japanese.
           | 
           | The three phases are:
           | 
           | 1. Learning basic alphabet (if different from your own),
           | basic grammar. Unlocks: being able to access more learning
           | material and more rapid progress. Progress on these first
           | building blocks is slow and can be discouraging.
           | 
           | 2. Learning full grammar control. Even the most basic prose
           | uses ~all of the tenses and conjugation rules. Unlocks:
           | reading/watching non-educational native material.
           | 
           | 3. Learning the culture and filling out vocab. Lots of
           | languages are idiomatic, and understanding real-world usage
           | can require just as much that you read Candide as that you
           | memorize flashcards of more-obscure vocab (more-obscure
           | meaning things like "chandelier". It's not an uncommon word,
           | but a second-language learner probably won't run into it in
           | wordbanks or anything.)
           | 
           | I think Duolingo is good for doing 1, and like, half of 2. I
           | don't think it can get you to 3.
        
             | dnautics wrote:
             | Duo is pretty good if your are a second language learner,
             | with some courses/living experience under your belt and
             | want to make sure you've covered all of the basic
             | vocabulary. Like, maybe you never learned the word for
             | "turkey" and it never came up.
        
             | st1ck wrote:
             | For 2, how often do you see Future Perfect Continuous or
             | just Future Perfect anywhere outside of literary works?
             | 
             | I'd put grammar at much lower priority than vocabulary &
             | common phrases, since knowing just a bunch of words (at
             | least in most languages) can get you very far.
        
         | Dma54rhs wrote:
         | Every foreign language that I've learned (4 in total) I felt
         | it's necessary to get basic vocabulary and grammar and then
         | just try communicating it in. Obviously living with people
         | surrounded by the language helps, I don't even know if 'remote'
         | is possible. For that purpose duolingo is pretty good.
        
           | jamil7 wrote:
           | This was the only way I could do it as well, formal courses
           | didn't really help me after the basics. It's the same way I
           | learned to program and I think some people are just wired
           | that way.
        
         | pedroaraujo wrote:
         | A 16 month course of 6 to 7 hours per day with a lot of
         | exercise and you didn't learn the language at all?
         | 
         | I don't think Duolingo is a good solution but in your case you
         | had all the opportunity to become fully fluent with that kind
         | of regime, it starts to be your fault.
        
           | least wrote:
           | Obviously I knew my language well enough to perform a job
           | which required some amount of proficiency in it. I'd imagine
           | that some people might describe my level of proficiency as
           | fluent. If you were to compare it against university, it'd be
           | around the level of a four year degree, but undoubtedly worse
           | than someone with a master's degree in the language.
           | 
           | I think this is more a case of your definition of being
           | "fully fluent" is vastly different from mine.
        
             | pedroaraujo wrote:
             | At this point, we are talking about a really high education
             | of a certain language on a thread about a tool to help
             | people going from zero to say basic sentences on another
             | language.
             | 
             | They are two different things. I mean, I am sure that there
             | are academics with superior knowledge than me on my own
             | native language.
        
           | darkerside wrote:
           | I think this is more of a Dunning-Kruger situation. The more
           | you know a language, the more nuance you recognize and the
           | more you see there is to learn. I only speak English, and I
           | still feel my command of the language could grow.
        
         | kirel33 wrote:
         | Duolingo is a great example of gamification done well, I'd
         | argue that's the whole selling point of it!
         | 
         | I'll also say it was useful for me to learn basic German for a
         | trip to Germany, 6 months of Duolingo + a few extra (beginner)
         | books do wonders
        
         | yobbo wrote:
         | > won't achieve any sort of fluency in your target language
         | from taking a course in it
         | 
         | For a randomly picked person, yes, but it doesn't matter to
         | apps that specifically cater to motivated language learners.
         | It's like saying "new training shoes will not make a random
         | person run better or become healthier".
         | 
         | Obviously talent and motivation are mandatory.
         | 
         | However, any stock-market valuation right now is divorced from
         | the success potential of the business. That's a separate issue.
        
         | lm28469 wrote:
         | > They also make it a fun activity and incentivize engagement
         | with humor and gamification.
         | 
         | That's the part I hated the most and the main reason I stopped
         | using it. I wasted more time in front of "achievement"
         | animations and shiny rewards than on actually learning the
         | language
        
         | globular-toast wrote:
         | Yep. I studied French on the side while I was at uni. It was
         | incredibly valuable as I learnt a lot about English and
         | language in general, and a little French. I got to the stage I
         | could actually read books in French, and write a little (I had
         | a pen pal). But when I went to France, I could barely ask for a
         | baguette in a shop and, once the reality set in, I prayed they
         | didn't ask me any follow up questions because I just couldn't
         | understand.
         | 
         | Duolingo was the new kid on the block at the time, but there
         | were still some people recommending Rosetta Stone at the time.
         | They used to say it was "used by the US military" or some
         | rubbish. All of these language learning things are the same:
         | they claim to be easy and painless. They tell you it will be
         | like acquiring your first language as a child. Nobody seems to
         | remember the years of babbling and years of schooling that were
         | required to become fluent in their native language.
         | 
         | The good news is, learning a language as an adult is _easier_
         | than learning your first language. The reason is simple: you
         | already have language! You can learn about your second language
         | using your first language. Immersion is still absolutely
         | necessary, but learning grammar and vocabulary using your
         | native language will greatly accelerate the whole process. But,
         | bizarrely, Duolingo etc. actually refuse to use the most
         | powerful tool you 'll ever have. It's completely the opposite
         | way you should be learning a language as an adult.
        
         | volta83 wrote:
         | When learning a new language, one uses a lot of tools.
         | 
         | Duolingo is just another tool at your disposal.
         | 
         | Nobody is claiming that any single tool - much less Duolingo -
         | will make you proficient in a language.
         | 
         | If Dolingo is claiming this, that would be false advertisement
         | / scamming.
        
           | dorchadas wrote:
           | > Nobody is claiming that any single tool - much less
           | Duolingo - will make you proficient in a language.
           | 
           | Lots seem to have that belief, though. As I said in another
           | comment, it's something you can see quite often in various
           | language learning forums in Reddit (/r/duolingo) and
           | Facebook, as well as on the DL forums themselves.
           | 
           | > If Dolingo is claiming this, that would be false
           | advertisement / scamming.
           | 
           | They might not explicitly _claim_ it, but they certainly
           | imply it in my opinion.
        
         | soperj wrote:
         | It's free and it certainly isn't worse for you than watching
         | tv.
        
           | least wrote:
           | If you're watching TV in your target language it can actually
           | be very productive for your language learning and definitely
           | better than Duolingo. Granted, you have to get to a point in
           | your language learning for that to be the case. Perhaps
           | Duolingo can get you over that first hurdle, though there are
           | probably better resources for that.
        
         | websites2023 wrote:
         | Everything you say is true, which is why when I talk about
         | language learning, I discourage people from setting fluency as
         | their goal. Just knowledge of another language is good for the
         | brain, and the fact that you can't become a native speaker
         | should not deter anyone from trying it for fun.
        
         | jdavis703 wrote:
         | Duolingo is great for producing a cursory introduction to a
         | language. But yes, there is no substitute for immersion. For
         | example I spent some time in Spain after learning the language
         | basically on Duolingo. I'm sure I spoke like a 2 year old, but
         | at least I wasn't totally helpless (I was even able to give
         | someone directions to the airport!). Contrast that with my
         | experience in France where I barely knew anything, and felt
         | totally out of place and awkward.
        
         | duo_comment wrote:
         | > I suppose in the end Duolingo's valuation is more a
         | reflection of people's desire to learn a language rather than
         | people actually learning a language, though.
         | 
         | > Language learning is hard and a multifaceted thing that no
         | single application is going to adequately prepare you for.
         | 
         | Why do you sound disillusioned with Duolingo? It's just an app.
         | I think the hacker news community undervalues it for no reason
        
         | bawolff wrote:
         | People learn languages for a variety of purposes. Some people
         | just want to know enough to be able to ask where the bathroom
         | is and read a menu at a resturant.
        
           | globular-toast wrote:
           | For which the best tool is a phrasebook and learning enough
           | pronunciation. Duolingo won't help with that.
        
           | least wrote:
           | That's fair, though I think in the case of wanting to be able
           | to be a tourist in a place with a foreign language, you'd be
           | better suited using phrasebooks and a translation app.
           | Duolingo isn't going to really prepare you to have those
           | kinds of conversations and isn't really a reference book, so
           | being able to look up the few phrases you need to get around
           | isn't practical. It's designed to teach you the language in a
           | structured way and while the ordering of it and most language
           | courses does attempt to get people proficient at very basic
           | touristy things, depending on what it is you're doing, you
           | might not even get to the point where you can do that.
           | 
           | Reading a menu requires cultural context along with reading
           | comprehension. Unless you're intimately familiar with the
           | culture, being able to read it (as in sound it out by reading
           | the characters) is pretty useless. nn (naan) is probably
           | something you could understand because it's a loanword we use
           | in English from Arabic but without cultural context could
           | someone guess what qbly plw' (Kabuli Pilau) means? Probably
           | not. If you're in Japan and China, learning to read a menu is
           | in itself a huge barrier.
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | > qbly plw'
             | 
             | I've spent most of the last year struggling to learn the
             | Arabic alphabet with Duolingo, yet FWIW my guess for what
             | sort of dish Kabuli Pilau might be was fairly close.
             | 
             | I wonder if anyone outside the UK knows, or can guess, what
             | sort of dish a "spotted dick" or a "toad in the hole" is?
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | I presumably made the same guess (spiced rice grains
               | mixed with meat/veg), but British people have the
               | cultural context to know what pilau means. They even a
               | section in Tesco (not just a search, an actual _section_
               | ).
               | 
               | From Denmark, I can suggest braendende kaerlighed
               | (burning love, which for Danes is mashed potatoes and
               | bacon), dyrlaegens natmad (vet's night snack, rye bread
               | with pate, beef and meat jelly etc), aebleskiver (apple
               | slices, round pancakes with zero apple).
               | 
               | https://www.tesco.com/groceries/en-GB/shop/food-
               | cupboard/dri...
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | > aebleskiver (apple slices, round pancakes with zero
               | apple)
               | 
               | That reminds me that the regional name for deep fried
               | rectangular potato prisms in Berlin is "Pommes", which is
               | the French for apple, because everything else was dropped
               | from the bowed French "pommes de terre friets".
               | 
               | It's a _Picard and Dathon at El-Adrel_ situation ;)
        
               | csa wrote:
               | American here:
               | 
               | 1. I have had some incredible Kabuli pilau. I hope
               | everyone gets the chance to have some. There are quite a
               | few restaurants in the Bay Area that serve it, but
               | homemade is best in my experience.
               | 
               | 2. Spotted dick is a cake (steamed?) with currants... at
               | least the stuff I had. Delicious.
               | 
               | 3. No idea about toad in the hole. It better be good with
               | that name.
        
           | YetAnotherNick wrote:
           | More people learn languages to feel good and for bragging
           | rights than for any actual use.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Bollocks. In Europe you learn languages to be able to go
             | abroad and to at least try to meet strangers halfway.
             | Knowing just your own tongue is rude.
        
               | Ihatelifebutwe wrote:
               | In America, plenty learn for fun and status. You can
               | travel thousands of miles in the US and still speak to
               | someone in English making language learning extremely
               | rare.
        
           | jamal-kumar wrote:
           | This is pretty valid, but sometimes people with limited
           | knowledge will do something seemingly innocuous like ask
           | where the 'toilet' is rather than the more polite reference
           | and totally freak a complete stranger out. I think it's not a
           | bad idea to do your best to try and learn at least a little
           | bit beyond this before dropping into a foreign country, at
           | the least because it makes the whole meeting new friends
           | thing a lot easier.
        
             | realityking wrote:
             | Cultural context is difficult but it also can't be learned
             | unless you already have some language skills. It's not
             | helpful to expect 2nd language speakers never to make
             | mistakes Like the foreign exchange student asking for a
             | rubber instead of an eraser, those mistakes can be great
             | learning points.
        
           | tasogare wrote:
           | Except you won't be able to do that with Duolingo. I'll go as
           | far as saying that Duolingo is (very) negative for learners:
           | it sells them the idea they are learning a language and
           | progressing when they are in fact not.
           | 
           | A good example of that is a comment I read here on HN from a
           | user defending Duolingo since it allowed him to master
           | hiragana (one script of Japanese) after two years and half.
           | This is normally taking a week, for a slow learner, and the
           | rest is practicing for fluency.
           | 
           | Source: myself; learned and learning multiple languages, at
           | university and by myself. Working in edtech research.
        
             | tasogare wrote:
             | Replying to deleted post:
             | 
             | First, you don't need 10k kanji to read. About 3000-5000
             | depending on what you read is enough. Then count 400-500
             | kanji per year if learning at university and being
             | motivated (lot of people stops).
             | 
             | For conversation count two intensive years for the bare
             | minimum, add one for more fluency. Actually all depends on
             | how much effort you spend on it, I know a guy who was JLPT
             | N2 or so after it's first university year (needless to say,
             | he spent an aweful amount of time practicing, especially
             | with natives). Then add at least one year in Japan to
             | really get a good grasp (I went from N3 to N2 in a year
             | while basically partying).
        
               | csa wrote:
               | > First, you don't need 10k kanji to read. About
               | 3000-5000 depending on what you read is enough.
               | 
               | You're still _grossly_ over-representing what is needed
               | to read Japanese.
               | 
               | 1. 10k _characters_ is utter nonsense. I assume that
               | people conflate the 10k _words_ needed for JLPT N1 with
               | characters. They are totally different, since words are
               | often combinations of characters.
               | 
               | 2. Joyo kanji has 2,136 characters. _All_ government
               | documents and pretty much all mainstream media use only
               | these characters plus some kanji specific to names. Any
               | kanji outside of joyo (e.g., an unusual name or a
               | stylistic word) typically have a phonetic reading
               | (furigana) next to or over the character(s). Joyo is what
               | is tested for the JLPT 1 (the top level).
               | 
               | 3. Hundreds of joyo kanji are very context-specific --
               | that is, they are relatively low utility.
               | 
               | 4. There are a few additional kanji outside of joyo that
               | are widely known. Educated folks also know more than joyo
               | that are specialist terms or stylistic words. It would be
               | like an English speaker knowing words like
               | "deoxyribonucleic acid" (DNA) or "ceteris paribus".
               | 
               | 5. Lastly, for anyone reading Classical Japanese or
               | historical documents... well, much of the above is not
               | relevant due to changes in the language (mostly
               | simplification over time). It depends on what is being
               | studied or read.
               | 
               | 6. 3000 kanji nets someone "highly educated native
               | speaker" status -- think teacher, doctor, lawyer. 5000
               | kanji gets you nerd status -- think professor or
               | logomaniac.
        
               | sova wrote:
               | While it's been posted before, with just under 800 kanji
               | you can have coverage of 90% of kanji in the wild. Of
               | course, one still needs to learn all the clustered terms
               | that these kanji can play together to create, but it
               | reduces the barrier to native media substantially. [0]
               | 
               | [0] https://japanesecomplete.com/777
        
               | tasogare wrote:
               | Well you admit yourself in your 5th and 6th points that
               | I'm right. I chatted as soon as yesterday with someone
               | studying Vietnamese dictionaries written in kanbun and
               | nom, so indeed that person need to know a lot of kanji.
               | That's not representative of the whole society, but you
               | can't rule out the existence of those people. It's also
               | telling that the biggest dictionary of Chinese characters
               | is the Daikanwa Jiten, compiled by a Japanese.
        
               | csa wrote:
               | > Well you admit yourself in your 5th and 6th points that
               | I'm right.
               | 
               | We might be talking past each other. I'm speaking
               | specifically of non-native learners of Japanese.
               | 
               | I think you overrepresented for non-native learners of
               | Japanese (who don't get the benefit of 9 years of joyo
               | kanji education), but you were closer to "right" than
               | most.
               | 
               | Most learners of Japanese should focus on about 1000
               | kanji (roughly kyouiku kanji). This is easily learnable
               | in a year for most people, and that amount will get them
               | over 90% of text coverage that general learners will be
               | reading.
               | 
               | Pretty much no learner should have an initial goal of
               | learning 3000 kanji. Once they learn the 2000 joyo, pass
               | N1, and probably do some tertiary education in Japan,
               | then _maybe_ they can choose to move that direction,
               | especially if they plan on being a professional in Japan.
               | Unless they find it to be a fun hobby, I would ask them
               | why they are choosing to reach that level as a goal. The
               | 2000th to 3000th most frequently used characters have
               | very low utility, and this knowledge is far beyond "need
               | this to survive /thrive" level. Some people who answer
               | the "how many kanji" question in English-speaking forums
               | (not you) seem to treat 3000 characters as almost semi-
               | literate, and this couldn't be further from the truth.
               | 
               | For a learner of Japanese, I would never recommend that
               | anyone start with an initial goal of 5000 kanji. For
               | anyone who ends up there, it would usually just come
               | naturally over time to anyone being an academic (most
               | likely in some sort of language or linguistics field)...
               | and the masochists who try to take kanken 1.
               | 
               | Finally, to address your initial comment about 3000-5000
               | kanji being enough depending on what someone reads, I
               | would put that number at more like 1200-1300 being enough
               | with very mild use of a dictionary or lookup function on
               | a computer/phone for learners. This will get folks though
               | the vast majority of kanji in newspapers, magazines, and
               | general audience books. At that point, just reading and
               | looking stuff up will add to their kanji knowledge base
               | organically.
        
               | redthrow wrote:
               | > Once they learn the 2000 joyo, pass N1, and probably do
               | some tertiary education in Japan, then maybe they can
               | choose to move that direction
               | 
               | For the vast majority of people (including native
               | speakers), knowing a few extra kanji outside of joyo
               | brings very little benefit.
               | 
               | Most natives get by just fine by having a very rough
               | understanding of even joyo [1], thanks to smartphones and
               | computers.
               | 
               | Improving pitch accent, on the other hand, does change
               | how you are perceived by natives [2], so it may be worth
               | a try if your goal is to get closer to native speakers.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJNxPRBvRQg
               | 
               | [2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHQcHSaj-c4
        
               | csa wrote:
               | > Improving pitch accent, on the other hand, does change
               | how you are perceived by natives
               | 
               | 100% agree. Nailing accent helps smooth some wrinkles as
               | a foreigner.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | ad404b8a372f2b9 wrote:
         | Can you talk about the resources you used to learn in the
         | classroom? I learned German using the Foreign Service Institute
         | handbook and I thought it was great introduction to the
         | language. I'd love to know what's in use nowadays.
        
           | least wrote:
           | The language resources were largely designed in house as the
           | other comment mentions, so unfortunately unless you attend
           | DLI, you probably won't get to see them. I don't think
           | there's much in terms of content that you can't find in
           | civilian courses, just that it's designed specifically around
           | being in class for 6-7 hours a day rather than the 3 hours
           | per week you'd be attending at University.
           | 
           | There were audio recordings made specifically for the course
           | and there is some deal with Transparent language to provide
           | language software to the military like Rapid Rote, though
           | Anki is just as capable as Rapid Rote is.
           | 
           | Big things are access to native speakers (most of the
           | instructors) and non-native "military language instructors"
           | who can help navigate difficult to understand concepts for
           | non-natives. Also the whole spending every day doing it over
           | and over again part.
           | 
           | Sorry if this isn't as helpful as you were hoping.
        
           | csa wrote:
           | I'm pretty sure this person was learning Pashto or Dari.
           | 
           | The materials were mostly (all?) developed in-house.
           | 
           | If they were learning Dari, they would have been better off
           | just using externally-produced Farsi textbooks since they
           | have a more robust history of development.
           | 
           | The specific recommended materials for an introduction to a
           | language depend on what your goals are for learning the
           | language.
        
             | least wrote:
             | Yeah, the Dari course was notoriously bad quality and rife
             | with controversy with some of the highest failure rates in
             | the entire Presidio at the time. Not sure if anything's
             | changed at this point?
        
               | csa wrote:
               | Things improved slightly, then the program got reduced
               | and then cut due to less demand.
               | 
               | Somewhere in there, they got creative and had folks who
               | passed Farsi take a 3-month Dari course to bridge the gap
               | between Farsi and Dari, and those folks had a lot of
               | success.
        
         | nkrisc wrote:
         | I imagine it's helpful for their valuation as well that there's
         | no accountability on Duolingo's part whether anybody actually
         | learns or not, which makes think you're spot on. They don't
         | have graduation rates like a school would, or job placement
         | rates or any meaningful metric. There's no measure of success
         | they can track apart from how many people finish the "course"
         | which means nothing with regard to whether they actually
         | learned anything or not.
        
         | wpietri wrote:
         | As a general rule, modern-day capitalism produces products
         | based on whether you can market it to somebody with money, not
         | on actual results. For a lot of markets, the revenue is nearly
         | as good and it's much cheaper to make something that doesn't
         | work well, or doesn't work at all.
         | 
         | The most obvious example here is make-money-fast schemes. Those
         | things never work; if they did, they wouldn't be offered for
         | sale to randos. But there are a ton of others.
        
         | bamboozled wrote:
         | But Duolingo makes people happy because you can sit on your
         | ass, or in bed, not really _try_ and feel like you 're putting
         | in the hard yards.
         | 
         | Kind of like watching sport instead of playing / training.
         | 
         | 10/10 satisfaction score.
        
         | LAC-Tech wrote:
         | > Speaking and listening are related skills yet speaking is
         | much harder than listening
         | 
         | Listening is much harder for me. I find it easy to mimic/parrot
         | sounds, but not distinguish them when listening.
        
           | least wrote:
           | Speaking in this case isn't simply speaking words out loud
           | intelligibly, but the entire process of thinking and
           | communicating ideas in a foreign language. There is almost
           | always a gap in your knowledge with regards to what you can
           | understand being said and what you can actually say which is
           | why I say it is harder, even if you can say everything that
           | you _can say_ fluently.
        
         | watwut wrote:
         | > The problem is that you can't possibly become fluent in a
         | language with an app like it and there isn't any single app
         | that will.
         | 
         | It still improves you way more then anything else you can do
         | alone with low effort.
         | 
         | Being fluent is absurdly high goal. At first, remembering basic
         | structure of sentence and vocabulary is already achievement.
        
         | bobwaycott wrote:
         | > * Speaking and listening are related skills yet speaking is
         | much harder than listening, and both are much harder than
         | reading (for the vast majority of languages).*
         | 
         | I've always found speaking and reading to be _far_ easier than
         | listening--especially keeping up with native speakers of a
         | foreign language.
        
         | zarzavat wrote:
         | > Speaking and listening are related skills yet speaking is
         | much harder than listening, and both are much harder than
         | reading (for the vast majority of languages).
         | 
         | In my opinion it's the other way around.
         | 
         | Reading is easiest in any alphabetic language. Both
         | intrinsically and to teach.
         | 
         | Reading has no time limit so you can make your way through text
         | at whatever pace you want.
         | 
         | Reading instruction is strongly amenable to automation. You can
         | just sit and do exercises on an SRS until the cows come home
         | and you will eventually learn to read. _Not_ on duolingo
         | through.
         | 
         | Speaking is the next easiest, you can't go at any speed but you
         | can at least go slowly. Plus you only have to deal with one
         | accent when speaking, your own.
         | 
         | Most languages have more consistent spelling than English, so
         | if you know how to read an IPA phonology chart (and if you are
         | embarking on the multi-year journey of learning a language then
         | spending a time to learn IPA is a no-brainer) then you can
         | probably figure out how to speak in a way that is understood.
         | 
         | Listening is the hardest because you don't control either the
         | content, the pace, nor the accent. If someone is throwing words
         | out like a gattling gun or in a non-standard dialect then tough
         | luck. The learning curve for listening is a cliff in most
         | circumstances.
         | 
         | Neither speaking nor listening are amenable to automation. TTS
         | is no substitute for native speakers, and automatic speech
         | recognition is a joke. So the only way to pick up these skills
         | is with real native speakers which is expensive and slow.
        
           | least wrote:
           | I in fact did indicate that reading is the easiest in my
           | post.
           | 
           | Speaking is harder than listening because it requires you to
           | produce language and convey ideas from your own mind, with
           | proficiency in pronouncing it in such a way that a native
           | speaker might understand you. Things like idioms you may be
           | able to infer meaning from interpretation when you are
           | listening or reading but you will never use them in speaking
           | unless you really truly know them. You're correct that the
           | variables of listening are out of your control (which is what
           | makes it so difficult as compared to reading), but that does
           | not make it harder than speaking.
           | 
           | In the military where the DLPT actually tests all three
           | categories for proficiency, speaking is consistently and
           | universally, regardless of target language, the one language
           | learners are least proficient at.
        
             | tapland wrote:
             | According to the test specifications.
             | 
             | You will not speak what you don't know. There is no such
             | limit when others just say things in accents, speeds or
             | using words you have no knowledge of.
             | 
             | Starting to speak and be correctly understood felt much
             | easier than accurately understanding others in my two
             | secondary languages, and the same for my fiancee who is a
             | native English speaker with one secondary language.
        
               | consilla wrote:
               | I'm surpised this is getting downvoted. The OPs assertion
               | that listening is easier than speaking makes sense in the
               | context he describes, a closed testing environment. In a
               | more practical setting, as someone who is living in
               | another country and learning the language, it is far
               | easier for me to convey my meaning with limited
               | vocabulary, than to listen and interpret another speaker,
               | and especially a group conversation.
               | 
               | Certainly listening is easier than me speaking at the
               | same proficiency as the other speaker, but in terms of
               | what matters for using the language on a day to day
               | basis, it is the other way around.
        
               | least wrote:
               | When we're speaking of proficiency and comparing them
               | between reading, listening, and speaking, you look at
               | them through a similar lens. How well can you understand
               | or communicate ideas in the language? Can you convey
               | complicated and nuanced thoughts in your target language?
               | Can you understand those? How would your speaking ability
               | compare to a well educated native speaker? How does it
               | compare against a less educated native speaker?
               | 
               | You feel more fluent in speaking because you're only
               | working within your own ability while listening you'll
               | encounter things you don't understand or situations where
               | it's difficult to understand things all the time. That
               | doesn't mean you're more proficient at speaking and in
               | most cases you aren't going to be nearly as proficient at
               | speaking as you think.
        
               | mym1990 wrote:
               | I'm a native Russian speaker but have forgotten most of
               | it since I moved away from there. One thing that makes
               | listening so much easier than speaking is that I can
               | often infer context of a sentence based on just a few
               | words, even if I don't know what the other 5 are. With
               | speaking, I might know what I want to say but I get stuck
               | on the one or two words that I just don't have in my
               | vocabulary, and it crushes my ability to communicate(in
               | Russian).
               | 
               | Obviously, everyone's mileage varies, this is just an
               | anecdote :)
        
               | least wrote:
               | > According to the test specifications.
               | 
               | ...Which define proficiency nearly identically between
               | the different skill sets. Your relative proficiency for
               | speaking is expected to be worse until you reach native
               | proficiency, where you are still worse at speaking than
               | reading or listening, but it doesn't very much matter in
               | most situations.
               | 
               | > You will not speak what you don't know.
               | 
               | Yes, and what you don't know with speaking is invariably
               | greater than what you don't know with listening and
               | reading, hence why everyone scores lower in proficiency
               | with speaking relative to their ability in listening or
               | reading.
               | 
               | > Starting to speak and be correctly understood felt much
               | easier than accurately understanding others in my two
               | secondary languages
               | 
               | If all my utterances in English were "I go school," "I
               | eat pie," "I clean teeth," native speakers will easily
               | understand what I'm saying. That doesn't mean I'm
               | proficient or that it's easier to speak than it is to
               | listen, just that I can create coherent and correctly
               | understood sentences in English.
        
           | eythian wrote:
           | As someone learning a second language through classes,
           | immersion, and - when I remember - apps, I don't really
           | agree.
           | 
           | Certainly early on speaking is easy because you have a
           | handful of words and know how to put them together, and
           | listening is very hard because you can barely make out the
           | sounds.
           | 
           | However, in my experience and I've noticed this in others
           | too, after a while you get better and better at listening and
           | it quite handily overtakes your ability to speak as now
           | you're wanting to construct sentences more complex than "a
           | table for four please", but you can't necessarily pull out
           | the words and put them in the order you need in any useful
           | timeframe.
        
             | cpursley wrote:
             | Yes, this right here! Not being able to reply to something
             | you understand because you can't express yourself quite yet
             | (but almost)...
        
           | hnhamdani2 wrote:
           | In this case I agree with OP. Yeah, you have much more
           | control in the output when you speak. However, most of the
           | case, it'll take forever to brute force your brain to compose
           | the right words/sentences and even found no result most of
           | the times when you're not fluent. On the other hand, in
           | listening, you've built the pattern recognition during your
           | study and easier to spot the speech pattern.
           | 
           | In my country, lots of people are bilingual due to the nature
           | of the ethnic composition. I know way more people whose much
           | better at listening than speaking with the language that
           | they're not fluent with.
        
           | Aerroon wrote:
           | > _So the only way to pick up these skills is with real
           | native speakers which is expensive and slow._
           | 
           | TV, movies, anime etc can fulfill the listening purpose. But
           | you have to do it in copious amounts and turn off subtitles.
        
             | danuker wrote:
             | Or turn on subtitles in the language of the audio; it might
             | let you discover the writing of new words you hear.
        
           | kelnos wrote:
           | The parent _did_ claim that reading is easiest (you 've even
           | quoted that), so I don't think you're disagreeing there.
           | 
           | I do agree with the parent that listening is easier than
           | speaking. When you're speaking, you have to know the right
           | words, and know what order to put them in. Sure, there's some
           | leeway: if you put words in the wrong order, or incorrectly
           | conjugate a verb, or forget some types of words, your meaning
           | will probably still go through. But if you forget other types
           | of words, you just can't be understood. And sometimes
           | conjugating a verb incorrectly does completely change the
           | meaning of your sentence, which can confuse the listener.
           | 
           | I agree that the things you mention -- accents, pace, content
           | -- are somewhat out of your control. But you can always ask
           | the speaker to speak slower, and that will often lessen the
           | impact of the accent on your ability to understand. The
           | content problem is still there, just as it is with speaking,
           | but I've found that I can usually understand more words than
           | I can think of to speak on my own. And often you can get the
           | meaning based on context even if you don't understand a word
           | here or there.
           | 
           | I'm just a single data point, but... I took Spanish way back
           | in primary school, for 5 years. I'm terrible at speaking it
           | nowadays (over 20 years later). When I hear others speak
           | Spanish, however, I can usually understand things that I'd
           | never be able to speak on my own, even if I had all the time
           | in the world to think about it.
        
             | arghwhat wrote:
             | Listening is easier than speaking only when what you listen
             | to is easy and at a pace you can follow where you can have
             | things repeated.
             | 
             | Speaking is hard, but those native in the language is more
             | likely to understand slow and broken speech with a little
             | effort than a learner is to understand fast and unclear
             | speech that takes shortcuts.
             | 
             | This is my experience with learning Mandarin at least, both
             | using classroom teaching and Duolingo.
        
               | least wrote:
               | > Listening is easier than speaking only when what you
               | listen to is easy and at a pace you can follow where you
               | can have things repeated.
               | 
               | This is definitely not the case. Yes, listening to
               | difficult audio is really hard to interpret. Your
               | proficiency in listening isn't defined simply by how well
               | you can listen to people in a perfect scenario, but also
               | your capacity to understand the language.
               | 
               | Reading is usually easier than listening because it
               | provides a ton of context clues, a visual indication of
               | what is being said (as in... writing), and essentially no
               | time limit. If you can work out what is going on
               | surrounding unfamiliar words, you can, at least
               | sometimes, figure out through the context of the entire
               | piece of writing what the meaning is. With listening, you
               | are constrained because you are listening at the pace of
               | the speaker, but there's still plenty of advantages that
               | exists to help you interpret the meaning.
               | 
               | With speaking there's none of that. It's entirely
               | dependent on your own mastery and because of this people
               | will almost always speak at lower proficiency than they
               | can read or write. It might not be apparent to you
               | because you're the one doing the speaking, but I can
               | almost guarantee you that your level of proficiency is
               | greater in listening than it is speaking, because you
               | can't convey the same level of complexity in your speech
               | that you can understand from someone speaking it.
        
               | arghwhat wrote:
               | My ability to succeed in approximately deciphering an
               | _arbitrary_ sentence conveying meaning A is lower than my
               | ability to communicate that approximate meaning myself.
               | The odds are made much lower if communicating with a new
               | person not already aware of my exact vocabulary.
               | 
               | Of course, I can decipher much fancier sentences than I
               | can produce (especially in a controlled environment as I
               | originally mentioned). My produced sentence will be much
               | more awkward than the sentences I can decipher, but it
               | will work.
               | 
               | From my perspective, this makes listening harder than
               | speaking - I will not be fluent in a language until a
               | decade of practical use, so the only metric that matters
               | to me is whether something had practical application and
               | acceptable understanding. In that sense, removing parts
               | of a sentence you can't produce before you say it still
               | passes as a success, but not understanding anything or
               | most what a person is trying to say to you is not. Most
               | people are not able to sufficiently simplify their speech
               | as they do not know what or how you have been taught. If
               | you are already able to have the meta-conversation needed
               | to inquire about and discuss meanings of words and
               | sentences comfortably, then you are already an advanced
               | speaker.
               | 
               | Note that this is very subjective. I am expressing my
               | current state of learning as it is, and claiming that
               | this is wrong is silly. On the other hand claiming that
               | you will experience the same would also be silly, but
               | it's none tell less worth sharing experiences.
        
               | LanceH wrote:
               | If there are multiple ways to say something, I only need
               | to know one of them to speak clearly. For listening I
               | need to be ready for anything.
        
         | JoeyBananas wrote:
         | Duolingo is such a joke. They don't have even a single
         | textbooks worth of content for the languages that I've tried.
        
         | high_byte wrote:
         | the problem isn't that it's hard to do. the problem is that
         | their business model relies on their app not achieving it's
         | portrayed purpose - learning. success means losing your
         | customers. that's why I don't use it anymore and I'm baffled by
         | how good they are at being bad. or rather - staying on the
         | exact thin border between "not good enough" and "not bad
         | enough".
        
           | mym1990 wrote:
           | This just isn't true. Duolingo's mission is 'to make
           | education free, fun, and accessible to all'. And for the most
           | part they have succeeded at(or are striving towards) doing
           | those things and have left the learning part to you. Maybe it
           | is not working out for you, and that is likely the case for
           | many people, but to say that their model is to create an
           | unsuccessful learning environment sounds a little bitter.
        
           | Fernicia wrote:
           | Such a silly way to think about it. You could frame every
           | service as having this conflict. Does Google want to
           | obfuscate results so I'll spend longer looking for results?
           | 
           | Duolingo is extremely popular because people get use out of
           | it and like it. You've taken a tiny perverse incentive and
           | jumped to the conclusion that it trumps all the other more
           | important incentives.
        
         | matheusmoreira wrote:
         | It's not perfect but I found that it was the easiest way to
         | just get started. Japanese is intimidating but Duolingo got me
         | started. Immersion and other material such as detailed books on
         | the subject are still absolutely necessary but without Duolingo
         | I'd still be planning to learn japanese instead of doing it.
        
         | Reason077 wrote:
         | I think Duolingo's valuation says more about the current stock
         | market than it does about Duolingo.
        
         | mym1990 wrote:
         | Can I just say that 'cryptologic linguist for the army' sounds
         | like an incredibly far out occupation, and also that 16 months
         | of 7 hours a day of linguistics _training_ sounds like a very
         | daunting undertaking. Kudos to you!
        
         | thenoblesunfish wrote:
         | I got huge value out of Duolingo as a first step. I live in a
         | German speaking country where it's entirely possible to speak
         | no German. Duolingo and textbooks got me far enough to enroll
         | in a B1 course and find some speaking partners. The alternative
         | would probably have been paying for a year of A-Level courses,
         | and to be honest I may not have found the time. For absolute
         | beginners, Duolingo has a lot of value.
        
           | JCharante wrote:
           | The alternative could be a $40 textbook and an open source
           | flashcard / srs program.
        
             | rafaelero wrote:
             | Ok, boomer.
        
             | neurotrace wrote:
             | The problem with just textbooks is you don't get to hear or
             | speak the language at all. There's also very little
             | structure so you're expecting a novice to know how to
             | effectively test themselves.
        
               | JCharante wrote:
               | The beginner textbooks I've used have accompanying CDs,
               | and also audio available on their websites. The best
               | beginner listening practice is to focus on minimal pairs
               | so that you can start to hear the difference between
               | different sounds that originally sounded the same. Some
               | textbooks include this (I remember having to combine
               | initials and finals in Chinese with my teacher)
               | 
               | For speaking, Duolingo speech recognition isn't very good
               | and is not going to provide specific feedback for
               | improving your pronunciation. I'm not even a fan of
               | practicing pronunciation virtually with a live tutor. I
               | have found in person pronunciation practice to be very
               | valuable compared to doing the same thing but online. A
               | textbook doesn't solve this and neither does Duolingo.
        
           | least wrote:
           | I'm glad that it worked out for you! I can't comment on the
           | quality of every individual course, but if it propels you
           | towards your language learning goals, then it's definitely
           | doing its job.
           | 
           | I do think that for many languages there are more _effective_
           | ways to learn in a given time period than Duolingo, but if
           | Duolingo helps you stay motivated and keeps you practicing in
           | a way that other methods couldn 't, that in itself has a ton
           | of value.
        
             | end0r wrote:
             | I have been learning languages on Duolingo and Babbel for
             | years now. None of them I can speak well, but certainly
             | well enough to have a good base of knowledge to start with.
             | Duolingo has the advantage that you can do it whenever you
             | want, while commuting, quickly a lesson before lunch, or on
             | the loo. It just sums up if you consequently keep doing it.
             | 
             | I totally agree with your point, though, that some
             | languages are better suited for Duolingo style of learning
             | than others. For example with Russian it was quite
             | difficult without any grammar basics explained so I needed
             | to additionally read about it, while with Danish it was
             | much easier to grasp the mechanics. Not quite so with the
             | pronunciation...
        
         | dlahoda wrote:
         | duolingo is A2 which is very good to continue own to B2
        
         | jraby3 wrote:
         | In theory their valuation is based on expected future returns.
         | There are a lot of apps that have no or limited benefits that
         | still drive traffic and revenue (all the brain training apps
         | come to mind).
        
           | least wrote:
           | Yes, I agree. I think that there's a lot of value to be
           | extracted from people's desire to learn a language, whether
           | or not the product is actually effective at creating that
           | environment to do so. That's kind of what I meant in my
           | original comment.
        
         | jamal-kumar wrote:
         | I find it really useful for practice, but it's obviously not
         | the best thing to be using solely if you think that's going to
         | reach you to proficiency.
         | 
         | It's a fun way to kill like 15-20 minutes a day, it's probably
         | the closest thing I waste my time on that's like a video game
         | these days yet 100x more productive. I've got books for
         | learning Russian and German to go through along with using
         | Duolingo as a pretty good option for practicing basically
         | everything else. It's fun to compare how I got Spanish down via
         | immersion without really practicing too hard on anything
         | outside of rosetta stone (Didn't teach me a damn thing, was a
         | very bad tool back in the day)... Just reading a book from the
         | 1950s (Madrigal's Magic Key to Spanish -- highly recommended)
         | and sinking myself into that world for a while took so many
         | years. I'm pretty sure I would have done better off with some
         | better programs and proper study instead, but it definitely
         | gave perspective to where tools like Duolingo have their place
         | and where they're the most useful in pretty much giving you
         | gameified drills and tests.
        
           | pizza234 wrote:
           | > It's a fun way to kill like 15-20 minutes a day, it's
           | probably the closest thing I waste my time on that's like a
           | video game these days yet 100x more productive.
           | 
           | I've tried to use Duolingo to learn a new language. I found
           | it very effective for a few weeks (of daily exercise).
           | 
           | I remember though, that at some point the questions were
           | repeated frequently, went off the intended theme, and
           | overall, they were not intended to make users think or
           | remember.
           | 
           | Getting off track was something that irritated me the most,
           | as I couldn't focus on a subject.
           | 
           | Essentially, after the initial phase, it's completely useless
           | as a learning tool. It's a shame because it could be
           | effective and fun at the same, but I have the suspicion that
           | mid/long-term learning effectiveness is not their target.
        
             | jamal-kumar wrote:
             | Yeah, that's kind of the point where I reached with German
             | on it and I think I'd have to agree with you. The only
             | problem with German is that practicing in-person outside of
             | that country and the conversation usually veers into
             | English much too easily as their English is often quite
             | good.
             | 
             | I'm surprised how much I get now between translating words
             | I don't know on leo.org and just reading what I know
             | already on news articles which is how I'm keeping up
             | casually on that. The journalism in that country is top
             | notch and it is probably worth learning the language for
             | this alone.
        
           | ffffwe3rq352y3 wrote:
           | First if you enjoy learning new languages and you find it
           | useful thats great! Not trying to put you down in any way.
           | However, you say:
           | 
           | > it's probably the closest thing I waste my time on that's
           | like a video game these days yet 100x more productive
           | 
           | This makes it sound like video games are useless and learning
           | a new language is super useful. In your situation this could
           | totally be true but for some people (like me!) learning a new
           | language isn't super useful! If your a video game dev playing
           | games would be 100x more productive than learning a new
           | language and if you travel around the world then learning a
           | language would be 100x better than a video game! I feel like
           | its almost impossible to know whats more "productive" in
           | general.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | candyman wrote:
           | I feel the same way about Duolingo. I used to be able to
           | speak a moderate amount of German and let it lapse. I picked
           | up Duolingo because it substituted for some other casual
           | activity I might do on my phone (crossword, read hackernews,
           | etc.) And learning some conversational German feels like a
           | better use of time. However it is pretty basic. I know there
           | are hundreds or thousands of units and spending 10 minutes a
           | day probably won't get me very far. Still if I keep it up and
           | take a trip to German I'll at least know some of the basics.
           | I practice with my long-suffering family who has to listen to
           | me say Mein sohn is sehr klug! and other stuff like that all
           | the time.
        
             | jamal-kumar wrote:
             | Pick up a book or two to round out your formal
             | understanding of grammar, and make some German friends,
             | maybe even just online if that's easiest to help you with
             | your pronunciation.
        
         | gambiting wrote:
         | I've learnt both English and German at school, for pretty much
         | equal amounts of time - about 12 years each. And well, I can
         | speak fluent English, but barely any German, despite usually
         | having at least ~2 hours of lessons a week, plenty of homework,
         | oral exercises.....
         | 
         | For me, it has everything to do with actually using the languge
         | in practice. English was and is everywhere - it's much easier
         | to practice when all your favourite movies, games and books are
         | in English - but my real life experience with German was
         | limited to those few times we went to Germany or Austria.;
         | 
         | I feel duolingo has the same problem - no matter how much you
         | "learn" with the app, it won't ever stick unless you can
         | practice somewhere in the real world.
        
           | akudha wrote:
           | Language learning is like Math, without consistent practice
           | nobody is going to get anywhere. In some ways, languages are
           | harder than Math - Math is logical, languages are often not
           | (tons of arbitrary rules on spelling, grammar and especially
           | pronunciation). More and more languages are going to die,
           | despite best efforts from linguists to preserve them. English
           | is going to be the dominant language for the foreseeable
           | future, and we'll soon have apps (if we don't already have
           | them) interpreting in real time. Given the long time
           | commitment needed to even get to a basic fluency in a
           | language, most people are going to give up quickly, except a
           | tiny percentage of population that genuinely loves learning
           | new languages.
           | 
           | If everyone learned at least one foreign language, the world
           | would be a much better place.
        
           | least wrote:
           | Immersion is absolutely essential to language learning and
           | English has an _abundant_ amount of resources, as you say.
           | 
           | I understand the difficulties you've had with getting
           | immersed with German, given that my target language while in
           | the military had very little content period, let alone things
           | I was particularly interested in. It might be worthwhile to
           | look for German translations of works you've read/watched in
           | your native language or English, though, if you're still
           | interested in learning it.
           | 
           | > I feel duolingo has the same problem - no matter how much
           | you "learn" with the app, it won't ever stick unless you can
           | practice somewhere in the real world.
           | 
           | Yeah, there's too many methods you need to use to facilitate
           | language learning and while Duolingo can potentially fill a
           | lot of these holes, I don't think it can be your holistic one
           | stop shop.
        
             | itronitron wrote:
             | If you use Netflix and VPN into Germany or Austria to watch
             | movies then many of them have closed captioning offered
             | only in German.
        
             | davidzweig wrote:
             | We're expanding LLN into this:
             | https://www.languagereactor.com/ "Language Reactor ...
             | helps you to discover, understand, and learn from native
             | materials." It's still rough. TurtleTV is kind of useful
             | already. (P.S. looking for a good mobile dev in Europe).
        
               | least wrote:
               | Learning Language with Netflix is a great resource and
               | I'm really happy to see you're expanding! This looks
               | awesome!
               | 
               | And yeah, anyone that's trying to learn a language should
               | definitely try immersing with a tool like this.
               | Connecting words with things on screen and hearing
               | different people speak are really useful, and your
               | retention of vocabulary is going to be better when you
               | can see it in different contexts.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | dubeye wrote:
           | I find it fun to learn language on Duolingo as a kind of
           | game. But unless I have a need to regularly use the learning,
           | I know for sure it won't stick.
           | 
           | And I'm afraid that last 0.1% of aquisition is pretty much
           | impossible to obtain deliberately unless you abandon your
           | native language. Even your English, whilst technicaly good,
           | has a couple of flags.
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | That's fine, because I only need 90%. I have no interest in
             | passing for native, my intention is to communicate.
        
               | j45 wrote:
               | I think a lot of people miss this point.
               | 
               | Conversational literacy is a huge step on its own.
        
             | rtpg wrote:
             | There are plenty of people effectively native in multiple
             | languages. It's not guaranteed (I have that missing part
             | for one language despite having done all of High School and
             | college in it), but i know people who speak perfectly in
             | two languages (usually English+their parents native tongue)
             | 
             | I have found that English is a bit weird in that you need
             | obsessively high absorption of like, culture, to execute
             | well, so it's easier to spot non-native speakers.
        
               | bojan wrote:
               | > I have found that English is a bit weird in that you
               | need obsessively high absorption of like, culture, to
               | execute well, so it's easier to spot non-native speakers.
               | 
               | This applies to every language out there, English is
               | certainly not an exception in this aspect.
        
               | FabHK wrote:
               | > I have found that English is a bit weird in that you
               | need obsessively high absorption of like, culture, to
               | execute well
               | 
               | I'd think that English is not unique there.
               | 
               | To speak Chinese at the level of an educated native, I'd
               | say you have learn not only the language, but also the
               | country's history, and have some familiarity with
               | canonical Chinese texts such as the "Four Books and Five
               | Classics" (Confucius, Mencius, etc.), "The Dream of the
               | Red Chamber", etc., to understand idioms such as "Si Mian
               | Chu Ge " (four sides of Chu song = facing insurmountable
               | difficulty, defeat [1]).
               | 
               | As another example, Hong Kong has its own lingo (a
               | variety of Cantonese) that evolves so rapidly that HK
               | people that have been abroad a few years tell me that
               | they note that the language has evolved and shifted when
               | they come back.
               | 
               | I'm fairly certain that it is easy to spot non-native
               | speakers in many languages, maybe even easier than in
               | English.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Si Mian Chu Ge
        
             | chki wrote:
             | > And I'm afraid that last 0.1% of aquisition is pretty
             | much impossible to obtain deliberately unless you abandon
             | your native language. Even your English, whilst technicaly
             | good, has a couple of flags
             | 
             | But those last .1 % are not very useful anyway if you're
             | not living abroad. You want to be able to communicate
             | fluently and not make noticeable mistakes, but it's not
             | necessary to seem like a native speaker. Unless you want to
             | become a spy maybe.
        
           | konschubert wrote:
           | It works if you're learning the language while you're in a
           | place where it's spoken.
        
             | hirako2000 wrote:
             | But then one got to wonder why not spend that time learning
             | in the wild. People have forgotten how it works I suppose.
             | It would take less energy.
             | 
             | There are a few options to learn a language. Some say
             | immersion. What's most effective for the brain to capture
             | and memories is _needs_.
             | 
             | We tend to learn languages out of a desire to add them to
             | our skill belt. Or out of fun. And we are having a hell of
             | a time this way. Duolingo innovates and will happily
             | monetize their effort.
             | 
             | Learn a language? Move to the country where it's spoken.
             | Get a job where interactions are a necessity, but where one
             | would perform to some level without even the basics. Think
             | kitchen porter in a buzzing restaurant. 6 months later you
             | are fluent, and have actually learnt local expressions and
             | the way people actually communicate. From there you can
             | read books and ramp up your vocab to proper fluency.
             | 
             | I took English, by force, for 12y , 4h per week. I could
             | still barely read, and in no way get a face to face
             | conversation even started other than hello, what time is
             | it.
             | 
             | Months in an environment where communication was a need,
             | and suddenly I found myself nearly fluent. Never having to
             | open a grammar manual or do extra effort for the sake of
             | learning.
             | 
             | The teaching models are flawed. They are designed to
             | extract a profit, at the detriment of the learners.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | For the vast vast majority of people, if learning a
               | language is "immersion or bust," their entirely rational
               | response will be bust.
               | 
               | That said, relatively casual language learning isn't
               | likely to yield a lot outside of essentially
               | entertainment value. I had four years of high school
               | French which likely tops the relatively casual bar. On
               | the one hand, I classify my French as pretty terrible. On
               | the other hand, I've traveled to Paris with a friend who
               | doesn't know _any_ French and it makes me realize I
               | actually do have a bit of working knowledge especially
               | when it comes to reading.
        
         | orky56 wrote:
         | Totally echo all of this. I'm one of the owners at the Orange
         | County Lingual Institute (oclanguages.com) and we see Duolingo
         | as the gateway for people to tap into their language learning
         | interest but then get serious with in-person or online language
         | learning classes. We have seen firsthand hundreds of students
         | unsuccessful with apps since they are not practicing live
         | conversations and not understanding grammar. With 80+%
         | retention of our 2 month/once a week classes, adult
         | professionals get through a college textbook in a year and can
         | become fluent enough to travel to those countries, speak with
         | relatives, and read novels & newspapers with high levels of
         | profiency. Language learning is hard work with no shortcuts but
         | can still be accessible without apps that overpromise and
         | underdeliver. Ping me privately or check out our site for more
         | info.
        
         | yosito wrote:
         | You're not going to become a triathlete thanks to training
         | wheels either, but if you don't know how to ride a bike, the
         | training wheels give you a good start. I've learned two
         | languages using Duo Lingo as a supporting tool early in the
         | process. I don't think I would have been able to have
         | conversations so early without it. And for me, having
         | conversations (even poorly) in my target language is the single
         | most important factor for achieving fluency. Yeah, you're not
         | going to become fluent from Duo Lingo alone, but early on in
         | the process it's an essential tool.
        
           | JCharante wrote:
           | but you see people still using Duolingo after 6 months or 1
           | year. If you saw someone still using training wheels after 1
           | year, you would tell them to stop because it's handicapping
           | them. Duolingo is the same, it's a terrible investment of
           | time after 1 month.
        
             | asoneth wrote:
             | As someone who has used Duolingo and spaced repetition apps
             | for ~10m/day for the last four or five years, is there
             | something specific you recommend transitioning to?
             | 
             | I've started with some Netflix and podcasts, but they're a
             | little more awkward in 10m chunks.
        
               | JCharante wrote:
               | If I only had 10 minutes a day, I would go to an online
               | newspaper and go to the advice column. There are people
               | who write in for advice/discuss and people in the
               | comments will reply. They're going to be using native
               | expressions and idioms, making references to shared
               | knowledge that everyone there knows. It's also going to
               | be about a wide variety of problems (although a lot tend
               | to be relationship based) which means you'll be able to
               | naturally recall a large variety of words.
               | 
               | Try to read it. If you don't get some words or sentence,
               | skip the sentence for now. Then once you're done with the
               | first read lookup in a dictionary or glosbe and then
               | finally text someone for an explanation to that phrase.
               | (It can be hard to find those friends without visiting a
               | country that speaks your TL and befriending people
               | there).
               | 
               | And then feel free to enter that phrase in your SRS.
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | I went abroad for 6 months to study my TL (target
               | language) at a foreign language school and would roam
               | campus finding (local) people who don't look busy to help
               | me accomplish this task in real time.
        
               | asoneth wrote:
               | Thank you, I'll look for some newspaper columns.
        
               | yosito wrote:
               | Not the commenter you're responding to but I recommend
               | switching to your own custom set of cards using Anki
               | after you've done the basics of Duo Lingo. I use Anki
               | Droid almost every day, and there's also an iOS, desktop
               | and web version that all sync.
        
       | jwmoz wrote:
       | I can't believe there is so much money in this app, it's
       | basically flashcards. There are so many mistakes in it when I was
       | using it for Indonesian.
       | 
       | Something like HelloChinese is such a better app.
        
         | JCharante wrote:
         | I like HelloChinese (spent $100 on it and then forgot to unsub
         | which cost another $100) but stopped using it after realizing
         | that because they only go to HSK 4, I might as well stick to
         | Anki so I can go HSK 6 & beyond. (I don't want to use 2 apps
         | for my srs reviews everyday).
         | 
         | Also if you want to use SRS for any words you learn outside the
         | app, you'll need to use another app anyways.
        
         | lbriner wrote:
         | I think it is worse than flashcards because you usually use
         | flashcards after a tutor who can give you some context around
         | what you are learning. I found two big problems with Duo:
         | 
         | 1) You are not given any input as to why or how e.g. German
         | words are conjugated, not just verbs but adjectives as well,
         | you are just expected to learn them. If you don't know what
         | gender is, as an English speaker, then trying to learn der, das
         | and die won't make any sense whereas if they said, "German uses
         | different words for 'the' so make sure you learn the article
         | with the word to remember which it is", it would be more
         | useful.
         | 
         | 2) The insistence on being text-based makes learning things
         | like Japanese especially hard. Many people only want to speak
         | and understand a language so forcing them to also learn an
         | alphabet just makes it even harder, especially since in Japan,
         | you won't see everything in Hirigana anyway! If you want to
         | help with pronunciation then you could use a pinyin to do so.
         | 
         | I also thought it was quite funny that the premium version gave
         | you tutoring, in which case, I might as well attend a college
         | class?
        
       | nathancahill wrote:
       | Because it hasn't been mentioned here, this is another incredible
       | success story from Luis von Ahn. He is the first Guatemalan
       | founder of a unicorn startup.
        
       | maliker wrote:
       | As an English speaker, DuoLingo didn't seem that interesting to
       | me. Then I listened to a podcast where the found Luis von Ahn
       | explained why he started the company [1]. He grew up in
       | Guatemala, and he noticed that learning English would essentially
       | triple anyone's earning potential in his country. Sure, I might
       | never learn Chinese in DuoLingo, but if I could triple my income
       | by doing it I bet I'd be much more motivated. English speakers
       | that think this app is a toy aren't the target market.
       | 
       | Luis also invented the captcha and used it to digitize the full
       | archive of the New York Times. I can't speak to the quality of
       | the instruction in DuoLingo, but I'm willing to bet that if
       | there's a computer-assisted approach to language learning that
       | works, Luis is one of the people most likely to invent it.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.npr.org/2020/05/22/860884062/recaptcha-and-
       | duoli...
        
       | jfoster wrote:
       | What is the big opportunity in Duolingo? Are there lots of people
       | learning languages who haven't heard of it already? Is it so
       | essential & useful to language learning that they have a lot of
       | room for ARPU growth? Do they have some way of inspiring a lot
       | more people to begin learning another language?
        
         | lbriner wrote:
         | The most obvious answer would be that many people who can
         | afford basic internet but cannot afford a college class can
         | learn at least the basics of another language.
         | 
         | I guess they only need to upsell a small percentage to the
         | premium version to get a large ROI.
        
       | TurkishPoptart wrote:
       | I would short this stock.
        
       | nonameiguess wrote:
       | Count me as severely skeptical. I don't exactly feel like digging
       | through the entire prospectus since it's too late to matter, but
       | a quick search seems to indicate their user and revenue growth
       | was fairly flat for years until last year, which just happened to
       | be the year everyone in the world was forced to stay home and
       | find somewhat productive things to do. Investing in this doesn't
       | feel any saner than investing in a startup for people making
       | sourdough at home.
       | 
       | I can at least squint at something like Zoom and say sure,
       | single-year growth like this is never going to happen again, but
       | at least remote multimedia collaboration is _probably_ here to
       | stay, even though Zoom specifically isn 't necessarily going to
       | monopolize it just because they were first. But that has a clear
       | business use case that isn't going anywhere. Duolingo is relying
       | entirely on the whims of the general public.
        
       | hirad wrote:
       | I need to take exception with many of the comments here. Does
       | Duolingo make you fluent in any language? No. But if that's what
       | you're looking for (from any language learning tool), you need to
       | readjust your expectations. The only thing that teaches you a
       | language is immersion in a society that speaks it, in my
       | experience. All language-learning exercises are just prep work
       | for that. And on that front, Duolingo is exemplary.
       | 
       | I've been doing Spanish with it for the whole pandemic. I'm far
       | from fluent but my retention is high and the learning process is
       | easy and fun. Couldn't ask for more.
        
       | throwawaysea wrote:
       | Reminder that Duolingo's IPO is very accessible to the public via
       | Robinhood. I am very surprised to see the high valuation for them
       | but it may also be because an uneducated public is trying to get
       | in on something they feel is attractive only because they
       | recognize the name. They may be in for a shock if the stock
       | plummets soon after, especially since there are disincentives for
       | flipping the stock if you bought into the IPO.
        
         | rvz wrote:
         | > but it may also be because an uneducated public is trying to
         | get in on something they feel is attractive only because they
         | recognize the name.
         | 
         | That sounds like a form of FOMO and they always think of only
         | one way of trading this stock and that is buying it and holding
         | it. Especially at these prices on the day of IPO.
         | 
         | There are larger investors and VCs that have participated in
         | funding rounds that have more than 10x'ed their fundraising
         | round before the IPO. Somebody has got to sell and take profit
         | at some point.
         | 
         | I won't be surprised to see a small push higher then followed
         | by some selling from the larger investors to contribute to the
         | selling pressure of this stock.
         | 
         | It's the larger early investors and VCs that have the advantage
         | of manipulating this stock on day 1 of IPO day, not a group of
         | retail traders and they will end up holding the bag at a high
         | price.
        
       | Tepix wrote:
       | I'm using DuoLingo (unpaid) successfully to learn French. It is
       | only good for building vocabulary. My advice:
       | 
       | a) Use the "tips" (not available for all languages) on the
       | DuoLingo website client for every exercise. They are very well
       | written and give you crucial insights.
       | 
       | b) Use Tandem every day to chat with/talk to native speakers as
       | soon as you have some basic vocabulary. Spend some time to find
       | people who are eager to learn. You can often spot them because
       | they only want to learn one language and not seven...
       | 
       | c) Buy a grammar book with exercises. Learn conjugations. Learn
       | the grammar to ask questions. Learn prepositions. DuoLingo will
       | not teach you grammar.
       | 
       | I went from A1.1 to A2.3 in 6 months doing this and I'm super
       | motivated to keep going.
        
       | timwaagh wrote:
       | I can see duo being worth something but since they don't really
       | sell anything... I'm not knowledgeable about advertising to know
       | whether the 6.5b makes sense or not
        
       | poorjohnmacafee wrote:
       | Quick look at financials, they lost $25M in trailing 12 months,
       | lost $14M in the previous year, lost $10M in the year before.
       | 
       | How is Duolingo supposed to become profitable?
       | 
       | How is a $6.5B valuation justified?
        
         | trainsplanes wrote:
         | I think we're closing in on a point where you can't reach a
         | multi-billion dollar valuation if your company is profitable.
         | 
         | Just keep burning through investor cash until you're acquired
         | by a bigger corporation. Then a year later they announce that
         | they're killing your company because, surprise, it couldn't
         | turn a profit.
         | 
         | Somewhere a rich stock owner makes a huge profit. Everyone's
         | happy.
        
         | bpodgursky wrote:
         | Those are pretty small numbers in an absolute sense. Growth is
         | all I would worry about.
        
         | candyman wrote:
         | Duolingo is already cash flow positive and if you back out some
         | non-cash costs can say they are profitable. However some of
         | these non-cash costs should be included but that's another
         | story. Their target model is for 35% adjusted earnings margins
         | which is aggressive. I did publish a post with our "present
         | future value" model that goes out to 2026 and discounts things
         | back. I only see them getting to 22% operating margins at this
         | point but there are some areas like testing fees that could
         | push that higher. Using the model I get to a $145 stock price
         | that I'd say puts a full value on the next several years of
         | growth. It's just a preliminary model now. After they report a
         | few quarters we can put a finer point on it. Details here:
         | https://ipocandy.com/2021/07/making-sense-of-duolingo-duol/
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | Why is this always the comment whenever any startup or IPO is
         | discussed on this site? Every company at this stage loses
         | money. It would be stupid to chase profits over user or revenue
         | growth. They have 40 million monthly active users.
         | Registrations grew 67% YoY. Their revenue doubled in a single
         | quarter. Expenses are mostly stock comp. They have nearly $200M
         | cash on hand. The numbers are all solid.
        
           | lsiebert wrote:
           | In 2008 Myspace had 110 million monthly active users
           | worldwide, 74 million in the US.
           | 
           | https://venturebeat.com/2008/04/24/one-small-step-for-
           | myspac...
        
           | urda wrote:
           | > Every company at this stage loses money.
           | 
           | ... why are companies still getting a pass with this 10 years
           | in? No, this isn't an acceptable excuse here.
        
             | bawolff wrote:
             | Because investors are interested in making money in the
             | end, not some arbitrary metric over if a company is
             | behaving as they should.
             | 
             | Whether or not this company makes sense, there are plenty
             | of companies that have been losing money at this stage and
             | ended up working out. (Plenty that didn't too)
        
               | mlac wrote:
               | Making money "In the end" (in this case) seems like a
               | cash grab at the IPO.
               | 
               | And the question is whether those "plenty of companies"
               | were valued at 6.5 BN.
        
           | selectodude wrote:
           | >Every company at this stage loses money
           | 
           | The company is ten years old. I would have to imagine almost
           | _zero_ companies lose money ten years in because they
           | literally do not exist anymore.
        
             | paxys wrote:
             | Average time to IPO for tech companies is 7-8 years, so ten
             | years without a profit for a VC-backed company is not at
             | all unusual. Palantir is coming up on 20.
        
               | selectodude wrote:
               | >Palantir is coming up on 20.
               | 
               | Palantir is a dumb shitty company that will file for
               | bankruptcy. Unfortunately the VCs have already dumped it
               | on to the dopes on Wall Street bets.
        
               | captn3m0 wrote:
               | https://www.macroaxis.com/invest/ratio/PLTR/Probability-
               | Of-B... says
               | 
               | Current Palantir Technologies Probability Of Bankruptcy =
               | 24%
        
               | jpgvm wrote:
               | That analysis seems to be full of shit. When plugging in
               | companies with much better financials than PLTR I end up
               | with higher % of bankruptcy.
        
               | onemiketwelve wrote:
               | Then short it for free money
        
               | selectodude wrote:
               | Shorted it down from $40 to $30. Bought a watch with my
               | proceeds.
        
               | nIHOPp6MQw0f5ut wrote:
               | "Markets can remain irrational for longer than you can
               | remain solvent"
        
             | fma wrote:
             | I'd guess...this is just a way for the VCs to exit and pass
             | the bag to someone else.
        
             | mrweasel wrote:
             | There's a ton of companies which exists solely to burn
             | other peoples cash.
             | 
             | I think VC funding makes IPOs a bit more confusing. It
             | makes sense to IPO, if you need to money to boost your
             | business. Duolingo needs money to update their app, so they
             | can use the IPO to fund it.
             | 
             | The problem is that if you're VC funded it now looks like
             | the VCs have lost faith in the company. They paid for the
             | bill for ten years and now they won't help push the company
             | into profitability? That makes an IPO look like an exist
             | strategy.
        
               | patentatt wrote:
               | I think it was a typo, but I agree that the IPO is their
               | "exist" strategy as in the purpose of the companies
               | existence is to IPO, lol.
        
               | shapefrog wrote:
               | > That makes an IPO look like an exit strategy.
               | 
               | Every IPO is an exit strategy or a refusal to run a
               | balanced budget. If you have cash flow you can invest for
               | free and compound the growth internally. If you have
               | responsible financial management you can tap the bond
               | markets for basically free.
               | 
               | VC's want a 10 bagger - they have had it and more - is
               | Duolingo going to be valued at $65B in a couple of years?
               | I doubt it.
        
             | missedthecue wrote:
             | The IRS tells small business owners that it's a hobby if
             | they aren't profitable by year three.
        
           | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
           | While I agree with you that focusing on profitability for
           | valuation at this stage doesn't make much sense, I still
           | don't understand how a 6.5 billion valuation is ever
           | something they can live up to. That amount is 40 times their
           | _revenue_ for 2020, and even for a fast growing stock that 's
           | a huge multiple, especially for a 10 year old company.
        
           | axiosgunnar wrote:
           | Because this site is mostly used by software developers who
           | have no clue about finance.
           | 
           | "Balance sheet is red" is about the only thing they can
           | understand about an IPO, and thus they comment about it.
        
           | Hamuko wrote:
           | > _Why is this always the comment whenever any startup or IPO
           | is discussed on this site?_
           | 
           | Because a lot of these companies seem to be doing the
           | underpants gnomes business strategy, as in 1) Register a
           | bunch of users 2) ??? 3) Profit
        
           | shapefrog wrote:
           | >Every company at this stage loses money
           | 
           | This is the most retarded silicon valley vc tech bubble
           | comment I have ever. There are 11million companies in the US,
           | many will fail making money let alone being 'strong'
           | companies that drop $10 mil a year.
           | 
           | If the numbers are so great and they have so much money at
           | hand why are the people who run the business selling some of
           | their share? Possibly due to high market valuations of all
           | kinds and a very attractive price to dump a well established
           | business that you have milked the most out of to date?
        
             | ZephyrBlu wrote:
             | This is a liquidity event. Why are you surprised that
             | people are selling?
             | 
             | Even if the IPO didn't pop as much people would still
             | probably be selling because their equity has likely been
             | illiquid for years, especially if they were a founder,
             | early investor or early employee.
        
               | Sightline wrote:
               | He didn't say anything about being surprised.
        
               | shapefrog wrote:
               | No shock at all this is how the game works! You slap out
               | a float, ideally small enough so that the supply and
               | demand inbalance pushes the price up.
               | 
               | So 3.7mil shares were issued at $102, and opened at $140,
               | so that is a 'cost' to the company of $140 million +
               | underwriting fees etc (probably another $30mil + the 700k
               | shares they have options on at issue price). Additionally
               | insiders dumped out 1.4mil shares at the issue price.
               | 
               | Now execs + VC's have a 'liquid' market to sell or short
               | against without paying the high costs for goldmans to
               | price you up a private hedge which is the whole point of
               | an IPO.
               | 
               | Its litterally writting into the offering - 'The
               | principal purposes of this offering are to increase our
               | capitalization and financial flexibility and to create a
               | public market for our Class A common stock.'
        
               | ZephyrBlu wrote:
               | What I meant is that regardless of the financial
               | situation of the company or whether shareholders still
               | believe in it, don't you think insiders would be selling
               | at IPO because it is probably the first major liquidity
               | event ever?
               | 
               | Even if you completely believe in the future of the
               | company, locking in returns and getting some liquidity
               | (Even if the stock didn't pop heaps) would be nice for
               | people who have been illiquid for years.
        
               | shapefrog wrote:
               | And this is why the IPO market is broken. VC's are riding
               | startups through multiple rounds of funding for way
               | longer than before then dumping the late stage mature
               | companies onto the public markets.
               | 
               | Those that locked in their returns, recieved the proceeds
               | of thier 1.4million shares of $142.8 million into their
               | accounts just before the bell rang for the market open.
               | The bell rang everyone cheered and the shares they just
               | sold are worth $196 million. Regular joe with a robin
               | hood account makes the money and the CEO/VC loses money
               | ... who knows more about the company though?
               | 
               | > Even if you completely believe in the future of the
               | company, locking in returns and getting some liquidity
               | 
               | Worth it if you get $10 a share instead of $100? All
               | about value. Why not dump some out in the previous 8
               | funding rounds? The reason is not many VCs would be in
               | there cashing out the guys from the previous rounds, or
               | would only do so at a heavy discount or to gain control
               | over the company.
        
               | ZephyrBlu wrote:
               | You're right. The notion of "if they believe in the
               | company so much why are they selling?" implied to me that
               | it was unexpected for people to be selling their shares.
               | 
               | That is what I meant by "surprised", though in hindsight
               | my choice of wording was poor.
        
         | yobbo wrote:
         | > How is a $6.5B valuation justified?
         | 
         | The hope is to make a locked-in user base and a captive
         | audience.
         | 
         | They are probably hoping to create various sorts of
         | "attachments" between users and their "achievements" to drip
         | revenue from users through either premium accounts or ads.
        
         | jtsiskin wrote:
         | growth rate. low customer acquisition cost. the expenses
         | weren't from marketing, which is good.
         | 
         | My biggest concern would be how much of the growth was from
         | people having free time at home due to covid. And if deep
         | learning will make language learning less relevant in the
         | future. You may be less likely to learn a new language if audio
         | can be translated in real time almost perfectly
        
           | dstick wrote:
           | Babelfish! Sign me up
        
         | jonas21 wrote:
         | 1. So it looks like they lost $14M on revenue of $71M in 2019,
         | and $16M on revenue of $162M in 2020. Revenue more than doubled
         | YoY, which is impressive. Costs also grew (by a smaller
         | percentage), but they're presumably spending a lot to chase
         | after the growth opportunity and can dial back later.
         | 
         | 2. They had positive free cash flow of $14M in 2020, which may
         | be a better metric to look at when assessing their financial
         | health.
        
           | jgalt212 wrote:
           | 40X 2020 (Covid bump revenues). That's a pretty healthy
           | valuation--bordering on extreme. But with so much cash
           | washing around, it's really hard to say what is correctly
           | priced these days.
        
         | thiscatis wrote:
         | You can just put a variable where you mention duolingo based on
         | the recent market.
        
         | sudhirj wrote:
         | "lost $25M" doesn't necessarily mean they set it on fire. If
         | the wording is changed to "invested all their revenues and a
         | further $25M of raised or borrowed capital", wouldn't that make
         | more sense?
         | 
         | The way these arguments are usually phrased doesn't do the
         | company justice. Amazon "lost" money for decades because they
         | were building giant and ambitious infrastructure, not setting
         | burning in on executive parties.
        
         | Graziano_M wrote:
         | They are pushing 'plus' HARD. Plus is basically the feature set
         | everyone had for years, so it's basically, "Pay to keep
         | features or we'll take them one by one". I have an > 2000 day
         | streak, so I have seen it change a lot over the years and I
         | have 0 urge to pay, I will just stop playing.
        
         | fny wrote:
         | Discounted cashflows to infinity and beyond plus a massive user
         | base. Add zirp to the mix and I'm surprised they're not worth
         | $65B.
         | 
         | I'm sure they'll be profitable in a decade...
         | 
         | Also don't forget this is an IPO: ideally you want to overstate
         | your value.
        
         | dazc wrote:
         | 'Following the IPO, the company will focus on improving its
         | flagship app and getting more active users to switch to paying
         | subscribers, von Ahn said.'
         | 
         | I switched to being a paying subscriber once and the experience
         | was more or less the same as being a free user with the aid of
         | an ad-blocker. Enough said.
        
       | tumblewit wrote:
       | Based on their IPO filing I would say their biggest asset is the
       | number of users. Other than that their model still results in a
       | net loss every year so if you are looking at it from a value
       | investing standpoint I think it's overvalued at least 5x.
        
       | marpayne wrote:
       | I have tried Duolingo (Premium user), and I can say that it is
       | not an effective app if you're going to learn a language
       | effectively. Instead, it is better if you're going to have a
       | bite-sized time to have some mini quiz or something like that. It
       | is more of memorization, and there's no immersion or anything
       | that makes you feel you're making significant progress
        
       | arihant wrote:
       | I've been learning Russian for a year (currently at around
       | B1-B2). None of these new age language learning apps are actually
       | useful, even to get your feet wet. The old is still gold when it
       | comes to language learning. You think you're learning with these
       | apps, but in my experience you're not. They just don't seem to
       | put anything in long term memory well. There is spaced repetition
       | in some of them, but not enough repetition.
       | 
       | Good old audio course Pimsleur is better than all of them
       | combined. Cortina Method is best resource to learn grammar and
       | the book is so old it looks like a smudged typewriter print. All
       | old methods are based on learning and repeating sentences after
       | sentences rather than learning individual words. You really end
       | up learning like a child. Pattern recognition is where it's at.
       | 
       | I can't recall anything I studied on Duolingo for Russian. I
       | can't forget anything I learned on Pimsleur. And I finished the
       | last module in January.
        
         | dorchadas wrote:
         | > The old is still gold when it comes to language learning.
         | 
         | Absolutely. Maybe I'm just inclined to the grammar-translation
         | model, but I've found the older editions of books like Teach
         | Yourself so much more helpful to me. Couple that with self-
         | created immersion and it goes a lot quicker.
        
       | vncecartersknee wrote:
       | Honestly from using duolingo pretty heavily for a couple of
       | years, attending language classes and doing my own individual
       | study I've found duolingo pretty useless. It's "fun" and gives
       | one the sense of progress without really accomplishing much.
        
         | zwayhowder wrote:
         | Their business model isn't to teach you languages, it is to
         | make money off the millions of people who want to learn a new
         | language.
        
         | colordrops wrote:
         | I'm learning tons of grammar and vocabulary through Duolingo.
         | Are you not learning these things, or do you find them useless?
         | 
         | BTW the quality of the language programs differs vastly.
         | Spanish, which I'm studying, is very fleshed out. Tried Arabic
         | and it was anemic and even broken in parts.
        
         | hardwaregeek wrote:
         | The problem is that language learning is inherently about
         | putting your brain in tricky, slightly painful situations. You
         | have to decipher confusing sentences, handle unfamiliar words
         | and wrestle your brain into thinking in a different language.
         | 
         | You can't really make a fun game that does this. Therefore
         | Duolingo makes a game that focuses on translating the foreign
         | language to your native one. That's great for starting out, but
         | eventually you gotta start composing sentences and ideas in the
         | foreign language.
        
           | okwubodu wrote:
           | > The problem is that language learning is inherently about
           | putting your brain in tricky, slightly painful situations
           | 
           | Immersion is the only way you'll ever truly learn a language.
           | All the classes, flash cards, etc., in the world can't teach
           | you how to clear up a misunderstanding with the manager at
           | hotel in Spanish.
           | 
           | I remember at some point we did Duolingo in Spanish, and the
           | Spanish speaking kids were shocked how fast we (black) tested
           | out of topics and progressed. The reason was pretty obvious;
           | we're around y'all _a lot_ lol.
           | 
           | My recommendation is even if you don't have many people
           | speaking the language you want to learn near you, immerse
           | yourself. Read popular modern authors in the language, listen
           | to podcasts in the language, join a game server and practice
           | in-game interaction in the language (hard mode).
           | 
           | Maybe it is useless. But you may find that those encounters
           | take place on a foundation built by some little green bird
           | named Duo.
        
             | okwubodu wrote:
             | Also, native languages are weird. The last sentence above,
             | for instance. If I had said "green little bird" or even
             | "little cute green bird" you would have clocked it as wrong
             | immediately. Apps alone aren't sufficient to learn these
             | nuances; every language has tons.
        
           | N00bN00b wrote:
           | >The problem is that language learning is inherently about
           | putting your brain in tricky, slightly painful situations.
           | 
           | I think that's a really good description of learning in
           | general.
        
             | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
             | Growth in general really. Stretching and building muscle,
             | for instance, or training endurance.
        
         | chillingeffect wrote:
         | having just returned from mexico for 2 wks i can say the pace
         | of duolingo is waaaay to slow compared to conversation.
        
         | mgh2 wrote:
         | Its UX is good enough to gamify the starting language learning
         | process, but that is where it stops - novice excitement
        
         | Areading314 wrote:
         | I can't agree more. I made some progress on Japanese only to
         | find that when I spoke it was completely incomprehensible to a
         | native speaker. I think speech/pronunciation correction is
         | still an unsolved problem.
        
           | greesil wrote:
           | I took foreign language courses in high school and college. I
           | couldn't actually communicate until moving to the country
           | where they spoke it and living there for six months. Then I
           | had to go back home :(
        
           | wyxuan wrote:
           | I've done duolingo for 300+ days and can tell you that
           | Japanese and Arabic are uniquely bad/hard to teach
        
             | tasogare wrote:
             | No, Japanese phonology and therefore pronunciation (what
             | the grand parent post is complaining about) is one of the
             | easiest out there. There are very few consonants, only 5
             | vowels, not tone and accent is irrelevant. I don't
             | understand how pronunciation could be remotely a problem
             | with Japanese.
             | 
             | There are also some other easy things like grammar (very
             | few rules, that are quite consistent and composable) and
             | some basic sentence pattern (heck you can make full
             | sentences, sometimes conversations, with a single word [the
             | predicative adjectives]).
        
               | bsder wrote:
               | > There are very few consonants, only 5 vowels, not tone
               | and accent is irrelevant.
               | 
               | Except that l/r is pronounced differently than most
               | English speakers, the vowels aren't always pronounced yet
               | take up time ("Nan desu ka" is almost always pronounced
               | like "Nan dess ka", for example), and syllable accent is
               | tone rather than volume for emphasis.
               | 
               | Other than that, it's completely easy. </s>
        
               | tinco wrote:
               | You say that sarcastically, but those are all easy things
               | you can master in a week, and they are the sort of thing
               | you might find in the English language or even a dialect.
               | It doesn't compare to learning Chinese or Arabic it seems
               | to me.
               | 
               | Just the fact that you can write out romanji and get
               | reasonably understandable Japanese makes it easier than a
               | significant amount of languages out there.
               | 
               | In my opinion the only thing that makes Japanese truly
               | hard is that they decided for some insane reason to
               | borrow the Chinese writing system, which is the most
               | insane writing system in the world, for half (why half!?)
               | of their writing.
        
               | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
               | A guess as a beginning Japanese learner: Japanese has a
               | lot of homophones because it has so few syllables. It is
               | also almost always written without spaces. Kanji is
               | actually pretty helpful in reading because it provides
               | semantic meaning that disambiguates homophones as well
               | being more terse and breaking up the writing along
               | grammatical boundaries.
               | 
               | I'm approaching this from the angle of wanting to
               | understand video-game Japanese, and when I am trying to
               | parse some 8-bit era all-katakana chunk of text I find
               | myself wishing it included kanji even though I can only
               | recognize a few dozen just so the grammar is more clear.
        
               | tasogare wrote:
               | Imagine thinking learning ONE phoneme is a hard task...
               | Please never have a look at Arabic or you'll have a
               | stroke.
               | 
               | Moreover [r] can be replaced by [l] perfectly fine and
               | the vowel devoicing is not something you need to do
               | anyway (it's not even occurring in all dialects). So even
               | searching really hard for "difficulties" you can't find
               | even one thing that is remotely difficult which just
               | proves my point.
        
             | bawolff wrote:
             | If your native language is english, surely romance
             | languages are going to be easier than something like
             | japanese
        
               | meepmorp wrote:
               | even though english is a germanic language?
        
               | gen220 wrote:
               | The grammatical structure of modern English is closer to
               | Romance languages than Germanic languages.
               | 
               | You can convert many English sentences into a sensible
               | (if not idiomatic) Spanish sentence by translating one
               | word at a time.
               | 
               | German has not so forgiving been :)
        
               | meepmorp wrote:
               | > The grammatical structure of modern English is closer
               | to Romance languages than Germanic languages.
               | 
               | I'm pretty sure that's not true.
        
               | bagacrap wrote:
               | from Wikipedia: "Of the Germanic family, English is
               | exceptional in having predominantly SVO order instead of
               | V2, although there are vestiges of the V2 phenomenon."
               | 
               | Romance languages like French and Spanish use SVO so I
               | think it's correct to say English is like them.
               | 
               | An example given by wiki of German sentence structure
               | translated directly to English:
               | 
               | "Before school played the children in the park soccer."
        
               | lostcolony wrote:
               | The wording you quote, "Of the Germanic family, English
               | is exceptional", implies English is a Germanic language.
               | One that borrows heavily from Latin, but still, a
               | Germanic language.
               | 
               | Also from wikipedia -
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_influence_in_English
               | "English is a Germanic language, with a grammar and a
               | core vocabulary inherited from Proto-Germanic. However, a
               | significant portion of the English vocabulary comes from
               | Romance and Latinate sources."
               | 
               | English borrows from both quite heavily (for historical
               | reasons listed there), to where I don't know that
               | classifying it makes a lot of sense, but having dabbled
               | with both, just from a language learning perspective, I'd
               | say German definitely feels closer. Some simple
               | counterexamples -
               | 
               | "What is that?" - "Was ist das?" vs "Que es eso". Same
               | grammatic structure, but obviously very similiar words
               | between German and English. Not so much Spanish. The
               | Latin is "quid est".
               | 
               | "I see him" - "Ich sehe ihn" vs "Lo veo". English and
               | German are very similar in both grammar and word; Spanish
               | is very different from both, putting the direct object
               | before the verb as it does, and not requiring the subject
               | (yo). The Latin is "i videre eum".
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | meepmorp wrote:
               | I'm familiar with V2 and how English doesn't exhibit it.
               | Look at the following weird deviations from how you'd say
               | things in English
               | 
               | * I am hungry
               | 
               | * Ich bin hungrig
               | 
               | * It is raining today
               | 
               | * Es regnet heute
               | 
               | * Where is your house?
               | 
               | * Wo ist dein Haus?
               | 
               | It turns out that Germanic V2 is SVO in the case of
               | simple declarative sentences! But what about other kinds
               | of ordering, below the full sentence level?
               | 
               | Look at this, about the ordering of attributive
               | adjectives and nouns in Spanish vs. German:
               | 
               | * un hombre alto
               | 
               | * una chica muy bonita
               | 
               | * ein grosser mensch
               | 
               | * eine sehr schones Madchen
               | 
               | Like German, English places attributive adjectives before
               | the nouns they modify.
               | 
               | Consider the possibility of eliding pronouns:
               | 
               | * Yo tengo hambre
               | 
               | * Tengo hambre
               | 
               | both are fine in Spanish.
               | 
               | * I am hungry
               | 
               | * Am hungry
               | 
               | Dropping the pronoun in English isn't ok in English,
               | unless you're going to produce a fairly contrived context
               | - like a text message, etc. It's not normal speech. In
               | case you're curious, you can't drop the pronoun in
               | German, either.
               | 
               | Language has lots of tiny facts that fit together in
               | interesting ways.V
        
             | WanderPanda wrote:
             | I've had some success with talking to the Apple Translate
             | app (formulating my own sentences) while learning Arabic
             | using Duolingo. Arabic people could actually understand my
             | simple, mostly nonsense sentences
        
         | stephen_g wrote:
         | Yeah, I've gone through not quite half the introductory Spanish
         | audio course from Language Transfer [1], and it feels like I've
         | made massively more progress than Duolingo, even though I'd
         | spent at least twice as long on the Duolingo courses over the
         | year. All the Language Transfer is available free too so that's
         | nice.
         | 
         | It's a shame, because Duolingo is fun, the art style is cool
         | and the gamified stuff is potentially useful for keeping people
         | coming back and doing the lessons. It just really hasn't felt
         | very effective to me at language learning at all...
         | 
         | 1. https://www.languagetransfer.org/
        
         | scrooched_moose wrote:
         | I find their approach of "drag and drop these 6 words to form a
         | sentence" or "fill in the missing word in this sentence" was
         | just leading me to recognize correct patterns of letters, not
         | words or meaning.
         | 
         | "aog" always goes after "Lor" and before "san" (obviously made
         | up example) - I couldn't tell you what the individual words
         | meant or what the full sentence said; but I knew that those
         | groups of letters belonged in that order.
         | 
         | I'm also a lapsed B2 in German and played around with that
         | course a few years ago. 3 or 4 weeks ago I got an email that
         | they finally accepted my correction on a blatantly incorrect
         | translation, which had apparently been unfixed in one of their
         | most popular courses for years.
        
         | this_is_not_you wrote:
         | I wouldn't call it "pretty useless". I think it has two
         | distinct places in a language learning process.
         | 
         | 1) They make learning a new language very accessible and fun to
         | get started. Books and courses do not have such a low level of
         | entry. 2) It's good for learning new words in a context.
         | Memrise for example often just gives you a single word and
         | translation. But I think it's much more effective to then put
         | words into sentences.
         | 
         | That said, if you really want to learn a language past the "I
         | can manage for a few days as a tourist" you need to add other
         | methods to it. Read books, listen to audio content, watch TV,
         | have lessons (speak the language!), study grammar etc.
         | 
         | Then not everybody is alike. So try different methods. See what
         | works for you. Some might have more success with Duolingo, some
         | will have less.
        
         | gokhan wrote:
         | For Duolingo, you might mix it with other materials for a much
         | better experience. I told our kids' experience learning foreign
         | languages here [1]. My wife used the same technique to learn
         | some French, Duolingo reinforced with audio and visual
         | materials, songs with lyrics, regular learning books, podcasts
         | etc.
         | 
         | Duolingo is used daily in our house and we're paying for not
         | seeing ads.
         | 
         | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25408576
        
           | devin wrote:
           | This proves the OP's point. Duolingo is trash if you aspire
           | to fluency. It's only useful in fluency as an additive to a
           | robust training program. You don't get fluent by following
           | Duolingo alone.
        
             | gokhan wrote:
             | I disagree. Duolingo is not trash as the op suggests, it's
             | a great fire starter and makes you able to use other
             | materials by handling the intro well. Peppa Pig is a
             | sustainable language learning tool if you did something
             | before to learn the basics and Duolingo handles that part
             | well for free. How is that trash?
        
         | rtpg wrote:
         | My partner is doing a "cocktail" of Duolingo, Memrise, and a
         | grammar textbook for French. They are progressing a lot in just
         | a month (and given the early learning curve from the grammar,
         | I've found it good)
         | 
         | I think that these language tools work best when you have a
         | mixture, because they can complement each other and keep on
         | feeding into the novelty factor.
         | 
         | (In particular Memrise and Duolingo operate on different sort
         | of teaching strategies so just those two together is really
         | interesting)
        
         | BooneJS wrote:
         | I moved on to Babbel.
        
           | jansan wrote:
           | Babbel is great and they also have shorter subscription
           | plans. I only needed a quick fresh up of my French skills and
           | did not see why I should subscribe to a full twelve months
           | plan, which was the shortest that I could find on Duolingo.
        
           | tomduncalf wrote:
           | Yeah I used Babbel to pick up some basic Italian a few years
           | ago and thought that while a bit more "boring" than Duolingo,
           | I felt like I was learning more useful stuff. It's structured
           | more like a language class at school.
           | 
           | Memrise is worth a look as a Duolingo alternative. It's
           | similar but feels a bit more "serious", there are some nice
           | features like you get videos of native speakers saying
           | phrases with a variety of accents.
        
             | rtpg wrote:
             | Memrise also has fun sketches that offer something most
             | language tools miss: entertainment. They're dumb but can
             | cause a little chuckle (extra satisfying when it's in an
             | unknown language)
        
           | achow wrote:
           | Thanks for the pointer.
           | 
           | Quick search gave this review: _The main differences between
           | Babbel vs Duolingo are: Babbel is best for learnings looking
           | to completely master a language, whereas Duolingo is better
           | for sporadic learners who want to dabble. Babbel offers
           | lessons with conversational practice and cultural immersion,
           | whereas Duolingo offers adaptive learning lessons._
        
           | vncecartersknee wrote:
           | yeah babbel seems better although iirc the interface was a
           | bit clunky.
           | 
           | I also found busuu and linq to be okay as well.
        
         | dazc wrote:
         | It serves as a useful tool for learning some fairly basic words
         | and phrases, not much else. Languages have many subtle nuances
         | that simply can not be taught via spaced repetition.
        
         | Semaphor wrote:
         | It's useless for properly learning a language. For getting the
         | basics of a language in a game-y way that doesn't feel like
         | studying, it's great. My wife managed to pass her German A1
         | (CEFR [0]) exam almost completely by just using Duolingo. She
         | took some free Deutsche Welle exam prep courses in the week
         | before, but to even get to the level to understand those, she
         | used Duolingo.
         | 
         | If you need to learn a language quickly, I'd call it the wrong
         | tool. If you are okay spending time properly studying a
         | language, I'd say that will be better. But for certain cases,
         | Duolingo is great.
         | 
         | [0]:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_European_Framework_of_R...
        
           | vr46 wrote:
           | So I am using Duolingo as I will have to take the sane exam
           | at some point over the next year or two. I think it works ok
           | for being able to consume simple German but less well for
           | understanding spoken German, or constructing one's own ideas.
           | 
           | In other words, it doesn't make the hard things easy or
           | easier.
           | 
           | It is a great alternative to wasting time on social media or
           | news sites, however.
        
             | Semaphor wrote:
             | The A1 exam is a pretty simple test ;)
        
         | daxaxelrod wrote:
         | My personal experience leads me to disagree. I've been using
         | Duolingo to learn Chinese for about 400 days now. I recently
         | took another step and started taking private zoom lessons and
         | my tutor said a few of her students have come from the same
         | path. Duo has given me a good understanding of sentence
         | structure and raw vocabulary. Even though my pronunciation
         | needs work, Duo has given me so much for watching a few ads and
         | I hope to continue with it. Given everything, my tutor said I
         | would pass HSK 1 and maybe level 2.
        
           | dorchadas wrote:
           | If it took you 400 days to pass the HSK level 1, I would
           | argue that you're absolutely doing something wrong or
           | extremely inefficient.
        
             | caddemon wrote:
             | It depends how much time he spends per day, no? I always
             | thought of Duolingo as something you do in 15 minutes of
             | downtime here or there. Nowhere near the level of time
             | commitment that a class would be.
        
               | daxaxelrod wrote:
               | I averaged about 10 minutes a day for ~20xp.
        
             | daxaxelrod wrote:
             | Hrm maybe you're right. I was doing 50 lessons a day, spent
             | thousands of hours on the app. Quit my job even. Maybe I
             | just suck and am a horrible person. Thanks for bringing
             | this to my attention.
        
           | mdorazio wrote:
           | I learned Chinese in college and then lived in China for a
           | year and a half. Personally, I think sentence structure and
           | basic (spoken) vocabulary are the easiest parts of Chinese
           | since there's no real conjugation and particles do all the
           | heavy lifting instead of messing with word forms [1]. The
           | hard parts are memorizing a decent number of hanzi and
           | properly pronouncing with tones. I tried duo to learn some
           | Japanese and found it... not great.
           | 
           | [1] Note: Personally, I find Chinese superior to romance
           | languages in this regard - it was actually really refreshing
           | as a learner.
        
             | daxaxelrod wrote:
             | I agree, building the mental map of written
             | characters->translation was certainly difficult early on.
             | 
             | Duo is not going to be as good as institutional schooling
             | or immersion but I don't think it has to be to be
             | considered a net positive for all of us. It has lowered the
             | barrier enough to allow people to get started for what is
             | essentially free. I remember 10 years ago I saw rosetta
             | stone cds being sold in barnes and noble for $179+ for just
             | a single level. Sacrificing the time of just 170 SWEs for
             | something like this just seems like a no brainer to me,
             | valuation aside.
        
         | ngokevin wrote:
         | I'm trying a language learning startup and surveyed a lot of
         | people. The response is universal that everyone's tried
         | Duolingo, and it didn't work for them in actually learning,
         | despite monster streaks.
         | 
         | I think it's masterful as a dopamine machine and employing
         | habit building tactics. Perhaps it's a good icebreaker for
         | people in language learning, as long as people are resourceful
         | enough to look beyond Duolingo.
        
           | vncecartersknee wrote:
           | That's cool I'd love to hear more about it, I've actually
           | been thinking about ways that a language app could work
           | better. Seems like all the current research is that
           | "immersion" in the target language is critical, an app that
           | just played me conversations, had me read text, etc and
           | 'creatively' formulate responses, not just simply fill in the
           | missing word, obviously in increasing difficulty would be
           | ideal.
        
             | jcranberry wrote:
             | My "theory" is that learning a language is like learning
             | any other discipline to a high degree of fluency. If you
             | study a couple hours a week even if you don't forget what
             | you learned in short order it's something which requires a
             | period of immersion for you to be able to recall it as well
             | as the day you learned it. To be able to expound at length
             | on a topic at the drop of a hat you essentially need to
             | dedicate a few hours a day every day. I think languages
             | work the same way.
        
             | kouteiheika wrote:
             | > Seems like all the current research is that "immersion"
             | in the target language is critical
             | 
             | This, a hundred times this. Immersion is not only effective
             | in getting you used to the language, but also really helps
             | you solidify what you've learned, and is extremely
             | motivating.
             | 
             | Virtually all of the people that I know in the Japanese
             | learning community who learned the language really fast
             | heavily immersed in a lot of content.
             | 
             | In my own language learning app that I'm making I'm
             | explicitly targeting a feedback loop which looks something
             | like this:
             | 
             | 1) You pick an easy show/book/etc. to consume. (I have a
             | list ranked according to difficulty, generated through
             | machine learning.)
             | 
             | 2) You prelearn the vocabulary used within using an SRS.
             | 
             | 3) You consume it.
             | 
             | 4) You continue maintaining your vocabulary through SRS, so
             | the app knows which words you're supposed to know.
             | 
             | 5) The app recommends you the next show/book/etc. to
             | consume based on what you've already learned.
             | 
             | 6) Rinse and repeat. Gradually the whole thing snowballs
             | and you have to learn less and less for each new work you
             | consume.
             | 
             | I personally believe this to be the most effective way of
             | learning a language, and I'm already seeing some of my
             | users having a lot of success with it.
        
               | k__ wrote:
               | I had a somewhat similar idea once.
               | 
               | You share Twitter accounts with a service, and it would
               | use the tweets of that account to generate a language
               | course.
               | 
               | I was hoping that this would lead to learning something
               | that I could use right away.
        
               | davidzweig wrote:
               | We are moving 'Language Learning with Netflix' in this
               | direction. There's some stuff to see already:
               | https://www.languagereactor.com/ (my email is in my
               | profile, I'd be happy to hear from you :)
        
               | dorchadas wrote:
               | If you could do step one that wasn't based entirely on
               | anime I'd love it. That's always been my biggest hurdle
               | with the Japanese learning community -- almost all
               | recommendations seem to be anime, and I'm just not that
               | interested.
        
               | kouteiheika wrote:
               | I also have Japanese dramas, light novels, a few normal
               | novels, visual novels and I recently started adding
               | YouTube videos, so it's definitely not only anime.
        
               | dorchadas wrote:
               | Perfect, thank you! Please let me know when you release,
               | I'd definitely be interested in it.
        
               | kouteiheika wrote:
               | Well, it's already publicly available. (:
               | 
               | Here's the link in case you want to take a look:
               | https://jpdb.io
               | 
               | Just a fair bit of warning: it still has ways go to, so
               | don't expect a perfectly polished experienced. That said,
               | in spite of its rough edges I do already have users who
               | use it do hundreds of cards per week and successfully
               | immerse, so it is usable.
        
             | monkeybutton wrote:
             | Immersion provides the strongest motivation to learn and to
             | try. When you want something or have a problem that needs
             | to be solved and the other party doesn't speak English,
             | you're going to be very motivated. The 'dopamine hit' from
             | getting it right and communicating successfully in another
             | language is also way better than from an app/game. The
             | results are just so much more real and tangible.
        
               | Jare wrote:
               | Immersion also creates connections between the language
               | and other stimuli (visual, emotional, etc). Connections
               | are powerful for creating reliable memories.
        
             | ngokevin wrote:
             | I'm targeting couples that are bilingual that want to learn
             | each other's languages. Immersion is difficult to achieve
             | alone. So I'm trying to channel a native speaking resource
             | that is around you all the time.
             | 
             | Right now the system is a mixture of SRS on your own,
             | sourcing vocabulary from songs and podcasts, and combined
             | with immersive multiplayer mini-games with the native
             | speaking partner.
        
           | thesausageking wrote:
           | Duolingo has worked great for me. I had learned Spanish a
           | decade ago and completely forgotten it. In a few months of
           | consistent practice, I learned enough to get around. And
           | after 6-9 months, I could have basic conversations.
           | 
           | I was never good at learning languages and Duolingo has been
           | the best system for me. I like the paced repetition it does.
           | Also, that it has you practice reading, writing, saying, and
           | listening.
        
             | dorchadas wrote:
             | > I had learned Spanish a decade ago and completely
             | forgotten it.
             | 
             | I would argue this is why it worked well for you. You
             | already knew the language and just needed to revise, which
             | is something I would argue DL does do good at, especially
             | the web version.
             | 
             | > Also, that it has you practice reading, writing, saying,
             | and listening.
             | 
             | The thing is, in most courses (the home-developed ones with
             | stories might be exceptions), you _don 't_ practice those
             | skills. You learn to translate stuff from the target
             | language to English; that's not reading. You don't learn to
             | read texts and interpret them _in the language_. The
             | writing is awful as well, since it 's just reverse
             | translation, not actually responding to a prompt or natural
             | conversation.
             | 
             | The speaking leaves a lot to be desired, unless it's
             | massively improved since I last tried it. I once said
             | "blah" on the Spanish course and it was accepted as
             | correct; I've also had it accept background noise before
             | too. And the same with listening -- it's a TTS, you don't
             | actually practice listening to native speakers and
             | understanding what's being said with comprehension
             | questions, etc.
             | 
             | It doesn't really teach the four skills as they would be
             | applied in the real world at all. Not to mention that
             | default on the app has you _click_ words in the proper
             | order instead of actually recalling them. That 's another
             | huge negative.
        
               | linsomniac wrote:
               | >You don't learn to read texts and interpret them in the
               | language.
               | 
               | Are you sure? I regularly come across questions that
               | involve a few sentences, a question, and a multi-choice
               | answer. All in language, and some of them are somewhat
               | tricky. Something along the lines of: "Juan's is with his
               | girlfriend. Her name is Antonia. She is buying a green
               | dress. Where is Antonia?" "A: A restaurant. B: A clothes
               | store C: A party."
               | 
               | There are also questions that are a few sentences and you
               | have to fill in the blank, which often require
               | understanding the context, in language: If Juan is
               | speaking to waiter, then the place he is at is a
               | restaurant...
               | 
               | >Not to mention that default on the app has you click
               | words in the proper order instead of actually recalling
               | them.
               | 
               | Not at all true. I've been using DuoLingo for less than a
               | month and I regularly see questions that are an English
               | sentence and a free form text box for you to type the
               | translation into. And one of the questions for the second
               | "Checkpoint" is: Here is a sentence in language, and a
               | free form text box to type the response.
               | 
               | As far as the clicking words, I'll say I really like that
               | as one of the components of learning, because it lets me
               | focus on the structure of sentences without getting
               | frustrated by typos or misremembering words or even in
               | some cases forgetting words. The prompts of the bubbles
               | are good and still make me remember the differences
               | between the conjugations and the like.
               | 
               | I spent a semester in a class in Jr HS, and was much more
               | frustrated and less educated than I feel after 3 weeks of
               | solid DuoLingo. For me, it's a fun tool for establishing
               | some confidence and understanding.
        
           | trwired wrote:
           | > The response is universal that everyone's tried Duolingo,
           | and it didn't work for them in actually learning, despite
           | monster streaks.
           | 
           | I think this is an issue of mismatched expectations. For
           | actually getting to know a language a tool like Duolingo is
           | too limited, as knowing a language is an umbrella term
           | comprising multiple skills and Duo helps with only
           | vocabulary, a bit of grammar and pronunciation to some extent
           | (but I have no experience with that aspect). If someone
           | starts a course thinking they'll be able to speak the
           | language once it's over, no wonder they eventually end up
           | disappointed. What Duolingo is excellent at, however, is
           | kickstarting the process of learning a language you're
           | interested in. Hard to find a better tool for that.
        
         | orky56 wrote:
         | Totally echo all of this. I'm one of the owners at the Orange
         | County Lingual Institute (oclanguages.com) and we see Duolingo
         | as the gateway for people to tap into their language learning
         | interest but then get serious with in-person or online language
         | learning classes. We have seen firsthand hundreds of students
         | unsuccessful with apps since they are not practicing live
         | conversations and not understanding grammar. With 80+%
         | retention of our 2 month/once a week classes, adult
         | professionals get through a college textbook in a year and can
         | become fluent enough to travel to those countries, speak with
         | relatives, and read novels & newspapers with high levels of
         | profiency. Language learning is hard work with no shortcuts but
         | can still be accessible without apps that overpromise and
         | underdeliver. Ping me privately or check out our site for more
         | info.
        
         | ALotOfBees wrote:
         | I find that Duolingo is to human languages what Codecademy is
         | to programming languages. It's gamefied and fun but will only
         | scratch the surface teaching you the very basics. In order to
         | truly learn the language you have to put in the much harder
         | work elsewhere. That's not to say that both platforms dont have
         | a place, they still can be pretty valuable tools for beginners.
        
         | baby wrote:
         | Same here. This valuation makes no sense to me. I've spent a
         | LOT of time optimizing ways in which I learn languages, and
         | duolingo doesn't do much.
         | 
         | Here's what I can recommend:
         | 
         | - follow as many instagram account as possible to teach you the
         | language. There's so many "teaching chinese" instagram account
         | for example. Every day when I check instagram I learn a few
         | chinese words.
         | 
         | - check browser plugins to display subs in different languages
         | simultaneously on netflix
         | 
         | - use memrise or anki or other app or real world flash cards.
         | There's a reason people always go back to the flashcards.
         | 
         | It's all about input. You need to learn a lot of vocab, fast.
         | Don't even focus on grammar at first, and even less on output.
         | Output will come naturally after a while.
        
         | estaseuropano wrote:
         | Can only agree. Duolingo gives some basic vocabulary but after
         | that basically is useless, especially as the way it teaches
         | grammar forms (and on the mobile app barely any explicit rules)
         | is 100% useless. Native speakers looking at example sentences
         | in the target language are often shocked at the nonsense that
         | is provided.
         | 
         | But worst for me is that it wastes time. The unnecessarily
         | ineffective repetitions, all the features and ads intended to
         | upsell 'Pro', etc. There are dozens of other apps that do it
         | better for free (e.g. good old Anki, or newcomers like
         | Clozemaster) and when on a desktop a whole wealth of
         | professional learning resources are available, both old ones
         | that are now public domain, the world of wikis and
         | collaborative learning and flashcards, and no-profit materials.
         | For instance lots of organizations fund free courses, e.g. the
         | EU funded a bunch of sites for learning languages, like
         | https://deutsch.info, and national broadcasters like RF1
         | (French), DW (German) provide great professional and current
         | materials. Podcasts and youtubers teach any language
         | imaginable, etc.
         | 
         | Try Duolingo to get a taste, but after a few lessons look for
         | your language online and you'll find much better stuff.
        
       | kaiwen1 wrote:
       | For me Duolingo is woefully ineffective. A far better method is
       | Pimsleur plus Anki. Ankify the Pimsleur audio, make your own Anki
       | cards with most of your vocabulary in cloze phrases. Ankify the
       | audio on as many of those cloze phrases as you can using native
       | speakers. Work at it daily. Use a textbook to learn the grammar.
       | This is a system that works. It's the fastest way I know of to
       | begin understanding languages intuitively. No need for mental
       | translation. No difference in how your mind responds to "What do
       | you want to eat?" and "Ni Yao Chi Shi Yao ?"
       | 
       | Of course, Duolingo's valuation isn't connected to success in
       | learning language. It's connected to success in convincing people
       | that they can and should learn a language.
        
       | radres wrote:
       | If you want to learn a language you are supposed to feel
       | emotions. I speak OK English now (not my mother tongue obv.) and
       | I still remember the silly mistakes I made while I was playing
       | online games 10-12 years ago and people made fun of me. Never
       | made those mistakes again.
       | 
       | Now I am learning a 3rd language in a new country. I started with
       | Duolingo and never believed in "Paid courses". I have used it
       | close to a year with little impact on my skills. But I have made
       | most of my progress when I actually talked to someone. There is a
       | feeling of embarrassment and defenselessness when you put
       | yourself in uncomfortable situations like that and that is what
       | you need to make it stay.
        
       | bumblebritches5 wrote:
       | lol
        
       | meerita wrote:
       | Duolingo helped me to understand Kanji and Hiragana.
        
       | jacquesm wrote:
       | It hasn't been mentioned yet, but give Lingvist a try, they take
       | a (much) more serious attitude towards the same material.
        
       | ibudiallo wrote:
       | Here is one thing that happened to me after using Duolingo every
       | day, multiple times a day for more than a year. I became
       | extremely good at it. Throw any language at me, I'll complete it
       | in record time. Sometimes I played it without even the sound on.
       | 
       | Do I speak any of the languages in the game? Hardly. This
       | realization came to me after I completed the Japanese class and
       | my sister asked me to count to ten. I knew all the numbers, their
       | symbols, and the placement in a sentence. But I could not count
       | to ten.
       | 
       | Duolingo is a game before being a learning tool. It is fun to use
       | and I'm almost jealous that they are going to IPO. But it's kinda
       | like farmville. You become good at the game, but you probably
       | won't become a farmer after playing.
        
       | saladuh wrote:
       | If anyone's planning on learning Japanese with Duolingo: don't.
       | Did that for a few weeks, basically learnt nothing. I soon found
       | out from experienced learners that it was terrible [0]. I then
       | discovered the AJATT/MIA[1] methods of learning Japanese, which
       | prioritize immersion/sentence mining of the target language and
       | learning vocab/kanji and sentence structure through Anki decks
       | (you can use any SRS system but Anki is by far the best with a
       | rich ecosystem of Japanese integrations such as the Yomichan
       | dictionary).
       | 
       | I used the foss app Kakugo (available on Fdroid, not sure about
       | the play store) to learn the hiragana and katakana writing
       | scripts in 3 or 4 days, and have now moved on to reading Tae
       | Kim's Grammar Guide[2] for learning grammar and using Refold
       | JP1K[3][4] style anki decks to learn my first 1000 kanji.
       | 
       | However this method is more of a 'grind', you need to set aside
       | at least 2 hours a day so that you can read Tae's textbook, learn
       | new vocab and do your reviews through Anki. In your free time,
       | once you have a decent amount of grammar understanding and vocab,
       | you need to be immersing in Japanese, so anime, J-dramas, etc.
       | (Jap music isn't very helpful here).
       | 
       | [0] Review of Duolingo Japanese course from a 2+ year user of
       | Anki/immersion based learning: https://youtu.be/jf-SbSfiXn4 [1]
       | The AJATT method has been around for a long time, it means All
       | Japanese All The Time. It basically promoted SRS and immersion
       | based learning. MIA is basically the same thing, mass immersion,
       | started mainly by MattVsJapan. However I use the guides and tools
       | created by AJATT-Tools, whos contributors focus on tools for
       | Linux, such as MPV scripts for sentence mining (creating Anki
       | cards with unknown vocabulary semi automatically while watching
       | subtitled content, with audio and visual cues). Their guide
       | builds on top of MIA and AJATT style methods:
       | https://github.com/ajatt-tools [2] The defacto grammar guide for
       | Japanese that isn't afraid to teach you Kanji from the start:
       | http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar [3] Explanation of
       | the JP1K style Anki deck: https://youtu.be/53qKsYxVhoM [4] Deck
       | system is created by https://refold.la, however I use AJATT-
       | Tools's version of the deck because it includes example sentences
       | (and Kanji have different meanings in context).
        
         | esrh wrote:
         | I did this for just about a year, and i can confirm this works
         | if you put in the time. I'm at around 3000 recognizable kanji
         | and can watch/read pretty much anything that's not particularly
         | hard.
        
       | thanksforfish wrote:
       | I'll add my (32/M/USA) perspective as someone who subscribed to
       | duolingo plus last month. I'm learning Arabic ahead of a
       | _potential_ move with my spouse to an Arabic speaking country.
       | 
       | First Duolingo is fun to use. I didn't enjoy classroom based
       | learning in high school. Duo gamifies the process really well,
       | it's on my schedule, and I have a concrete reason to want to
       | learn. Duo has been reducing my time on social media as well,
       | always a bonus when picking up a good habit.
       | 
       | The $7/month premium subscription was worth it. I'm investing 30
       | minutes a day in the app, and ad-free means I can get through
       | more lessons. I have unlimited lives so my learning isn't
       | interrupted if I struggle on a hard lesson.
       | 
       | I'm not expecting to become fluent on Duo alone. But I think I'll
       | get a great handle on some basics. My wife is already fluent, so
       | that's helped me speak and figure out some things I struggled
       | with.
       | 
       | I also tried the Rosetta Stone app. I didn't think that one was
       | fun, it throws you into hard content quickly, so I haven't been
       | using it. If our move happens, I'll enroll in a more traditional
       | environment, and I may take a second look at the Rosetta Stone
       | app. For now I'm happy that I have something that's making me
       | increasingly comfortable with the idea of speaking Arabic.
        
       | mgbmtl wrote:
       | Everytine Duolingo is in the news here, I find the anecdotes and
       | suggestions of alternative solutions interesting, but we rarely
       | discuss what is making Duolingo so successful.
       | 
       | They have become a household name. Almost all non-tech people
       | around me know what Duolingo is. Kind of like Tinder, they may
       | not use it, but they know it.
       | 
       | I also view Duolingo as a game that provides a bit of exposure to
       | a new language, but won't get you very far unless combined to
       | other resources. I wonder where the IPO will lead them. They did
       | encourage a ton of people to be curious about new languages. It
       | worked for me. I hope they can help them get to the next level,
       | and not become, as someone else mentioned here, the next
       | Farmville.
        
       | the-smug-one wrote:
       | I use Duolingo to learn Spanish and it's pretty good if you take
       | it seriously and add on research outside of Duo (mostly on
       | grammar). I'm hoping to reach a level where I can read things in
       | the language which are interesting to me (with the aid of a
       | dictionary of course), so I'll probably replace HN with some
       | Spanish variant for example.
        
       | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
       | Of all the tools I've tried to begin learning a language,
       | Pimsleur audio lessons have been the most effective.
       | 
       | They're entirely auditory. They teach you a relatively small
       | vocabulary using spaced repetition, and if you do the lessons,
       | you really learn that vocab well. They challenge you to speak
       | (under time pressure) from the first lesson onwards, and because
       | you're only learning words by ear, you can avoid pronunciation
       | pitfalls that people who learn from written sources fall into.
       | 
       | You can't get to fluency with Pimsleur, but you can build a very
       | good initial base.
       | 
       | I don't think Duolingo is really a very effective way to begin
       | learning a language. In my opinion, early on, language learning
       | should be intensely focused on auditory and speaking skills, and
       | only later on branch out into writing, formal grammar, etc.
        
       | Uberphallus wrote:
       | Duolingo is great to get your feet wet, but its teaching model
       | doesn't scale past A2/B1 levels (and in speaking/listening even
       | less so). This valuation is enormous for a company that's
       | virtually been for 10 years in losses.
       | 
       | So far Duolingo has made the experience more painful to free
       | users to push them to pay, and yet hasn't managed to get out of
       | the red. I think the main that most learners are from developing
       | countries learning English, so Duolingo Plus can be a hard sell.
       | 
       | I bet the money influx will help push whatever projects they have
       | in mind, but while private, and I say this as a language learning
       | ethusiast, their approaches have been completely misdirected.
       | Personally I'd be wary to throw my money there, but will
       | certainly reevaluate it next quarter.
        
         | mgbmtl wrote:
         | I was a paid user for some time. It's inexpensive and fun. I
         | mostly paid to encourage them, and to be able to use it offline
         | in the plane (it's a fun game). However, as most people, I
         | haven't flown in a long time, so I cancelled it.
         | 
         | I wonder what are the main types of paid users.
         | 
         | Otherwise, when not paying, I use the web version, and never
         | noticed any advertising.
        
           | Uberphallus wrote:
           | Last time I checked, the ads on the web were alright, but the
           | experience on mobile was extremely hostile, with constant ads
           | and deliberately sssssllllooooowwwllllyy
           | aaanniimmmaaaattteeeeddd reminders to push you to pay for
           | Duolingo Plus.
           | 
           | When reviewing lessons you're already familiar with, you tend
           | to spend more time watching ads and Plus reminders than
           | actually learning anything.
        
       | Jabbles wrote:
       | Imagine the number and quality of textbooks you could commission
       | from world experts in any and all languages for $300M, a single
       | year at 20:1 price-to-earnings.
       | 
       | Is the app obviously better? More engaging, to some, perhaps.
       | More profitable? I guess that remains to be seen.
        
         | anyfactor wrote:
         | They have a name recognition and that's about it. I really
         | wonder what kind of people actually buy IPOs. Except PLTR I
         | can't name one stock that went public in the last 2 years that
         | didn't dip below their IPO.
        
       | dude4you wrote:
       | Please try the clozemaster app
       | 
       | I found it much more useful and less playful
        
         | frankzander wrote:
         | yeah and you don't got banned if you have done something wrong
         | in a row. i hate this concept of duolingo and it doesn't help
         | in any way but their income
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | ipnon wrote:
       | I was a Duolingo launch user, when revenue was driven by
       | crowdsourced translations. I used Duolingo to learn basic phrases
       | in some languages over many years, but I had to stop using the
       | app. There were too many basic mistakes in grammar and
       | vocabulary. Duolingo innovated by bringing a structured language
       | course with spaced repetition to mobile early in the previous
       | decade. It seems they will need another burst of innovation, this
       | time in novel language apprehension techniques, in order to stay
       | relevant beyond this initial public offering.
       | 
       | Luis von Ahn and Severin Hacker brought language learning to the
       | global, mobile masses. I hope they will succeed again in the next
       | phase of language technology.
        
         | estaseuropano wrote:
         | I'm not sure they innovated much. Other apps like Babbel are
         | older and had the same features, if not more and better.
         | Duolingo rode the 'free' and 'hip startup' publicity wave and
         | had an interesting idea that they'd use the users to
         | crowdsource translations. But that didn't pan out - everything
         | afterwards seems to have been just scaling with no innovation
         | whatsoever.
        
           | patentatt wrote:
           | The innovation is the publicity and public image. I'll get
           | downvotes for it, but it's the same innovation that Uber,
           | Tesla, GoPro, Facebook, and countless others have rode to
           | billions. Our economy is post-materialism and values public
           | image and publicity greater than innovation and value. If you
           | want to get rich, don't do something innovative, focus on how
           | you will make a good story to grab free publicity and cement
           | an image as being 'cool' and 'hip.' Then you don't ever have
           | to make money or innovate anything. Investors will pour money
           | on you because you're cool and hip. I'm a little salty about
           | it, but there's something important there.
           | 
           | One more I just thought of, even if it's not the same scale:
           | Rap Genius. They took what's pretty much a weekend project
           | and turned it into a business and careers for themselves. The
           | fawning press at their launch was overwhelming and
           | impressive.
           | 
           | One small counter example: weebly. They made something
           | actually innovative that provided real value to people. Grew
           | quietly and made (by all outward appearances) a fantastic
           | business. But since you didn't/don't see tons of gushing
           | press about them, they (again, just by outward appearances)
           | didn't launch into the stratosphere like they absolutely
           | could and maybe even should have.
        
       | bleverse wrote:
       | I've been using it on a daily basis for 2 years now and when I
       | switched to 'completely type the answer' instead of 'clicking on
       | words', it made a big difference in learning.
       | 
       | I think a big factor in its usefulness depends on the user. If
       | you make it hard for yourself, you will get much more out of it.
        
         | engineeringwoke wrote:
         | First set of crowns on the phone, move fast. Second set on
         | desktop, completely type the answer. Weave in stories once you
         | feel like you have a foundation. Add immersion from live
         | streams/Netflix. This takes you to at least B2.
         | 
         | There's an unsurprising amount of ignorant responses and
         | strawmen in the thread, kind of sad.
        
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