[HN Gopher] Father builds exoskeleton to help wheelchair-bound s...
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       Father builds exoskeleton to help wheelchair-bound son walk
        
       Author : geox
       Score  : 657 points
       Date   : 2021-07-27 16:01 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.reuters.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.reuters.com)
        
       | ryeguy_24 wrote:
       | I have a 3.5 year-old and just had twins. A story like this makes
       | me feel very warm inside. Being a relatively new father, I'm
       | beginning to understand the unconditional love and sacrifice that
       | grows when you have kids. I commend this father for doing this.
       | He is a modern day hero.
        
         | throwaway69123 wrote:
         | It got me good.
        
       | Kye wrote:
       | This is cool, but it's better to just build with accessibility-
       | first thinking. We'll all be disabled some day. Better to self-
       | advocate now rather than when we need it. How many buildings
       | could you make wheelchair accessible for the cost of one robot
       | suit?
        
       | pabs3 wrote:
       | > has a genetic neurological condition that means his nerves do
       | not send enough signals to his legs
       | 
       | I wonder if anyone has tried amplifying those signals.
        
       | sonicggg wrote:
       | That's a father threat really loves his son. 99% of other parents
       | do nothing to get their handicapped child out of their chair.
        
       | elisee wrote:
       | Video of the exoskeleton in action:
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-yBfUcFRZ-I
        
         | SamuelAdams wrote:
         | This is really cool! See to me this is what hacker news should
         | be all about. A group of people facing some problem and hacking
         | something together that works really well.
        
       | samstave wrote:
       | One of my favorite movies "Edge of Tomorrow" has dope
       | exoskeletons, and while its a movie - thats where this is
       | heading...
       | 
       | I am surprised Boston Dynamics hasnt made one! If you converted
       | the agility of Atlas into an exoskeleton, that would be pretty
       | interesting...
        
         | nanodeath wrote:
         | Similarly I thought of Death Stranding :)
         | 
         | Though I guess exoskeletons are not uncommon in sci-fi.
        
           | justinclift wrote:
           | Tried that game out, but found it to be realllllllllly
           | tedious. eg initial missions took walking, while carrying
           | some person's body over the shoulder, for "miles". Urk.
           | 
           | Did it get better after those early missions?
        
         | baby wrote:
         | Reminds me of matrix as well
        
         | capekwasright wrote:
         | They actually did, as part of DARPA's Warrior Web program [1].
         | They ultimately spun off the program to Ekso Bionics as a
         | consequence of the Google acquisition back in 2014 [2].
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.army.mil/article/125315/darpas_warrior_web_proje...
         | (the first image is of BD's system; you can just make out
         | "BOST" around the center of the left thigh)
         | 
         | [2] https://www.globenewswire.com/fr/news-
         | release/2014/10/02/670...
        
         | nzeribe wrote:
         | Aliens, 1986: "I have a class-2 rating."
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPMk-EEyOpE
        
       | mrfusion wrote:
       | How come they don't open source this?
        
       | xor99 wrote:
       | This is inspiring. The cost can be brought down through use of
       | soft and/or lightweight materials. For example, the use of
       | textile based actuators. Good examples in link below:
       | 
       | https://biodesign.seas.harvard.edu/soft-exosuits
       | 
       | These things are not for the near term so really impressed by
       | this story.
        
         | samstave wrote:
         | Dope.
         | 
         | You know what I am wondering, the accelerometers in phones are
         | super small, cheap and there are some sensor systems that
         | incorporate a ton of other sensors (whatever happened to
         | Google's smart jacket they were making with Levis)
         | 
         | Anyway, it would be very interesting to have a textile with a
         | fabric of accelerometers woven into the fabric... Solar panels
         | on the thighs and what not to power the sensors... with a
         | compression-heel in a shoe / boot to ad more power with every
         | step.
         | 
         | Anyone know how much power an accelerometer takes and if you
         | can wire a matrix of them together to a set of controllers that
         | all they do is capture the telemetry from the sensors?
         | 
         | Check out this video on the making of accelerometers
         | 
         | https://www.engadget.com/2012-05-22-the-engineer-guy-shows-h...
        
       | m0rphy wrote:
       | Boston Dynamics should be making one of these. It fits really
       | well with their expertise and is much better for them to be
       | making these rather than robots that get sent to wars.
        
         | throwaway-571 wrote:
         | More money in war than in peace application.
        
       | mtwittman wrote:
       | The research and engineering of new mobility aids is fine, but
       | the inventor/CEO's quote, "Ten years from now, there will be no,
       | or far fewer, wheelchairs" belies an attitude strongly criticized
       | by many in the disability community. And in the video footage he
       | says, "wheelchairs are an anomaly, men and women, human beings
       | are meant to be upright". Imagine saying "Bicycles an anomaly--
       | humans are meant to be upright, not in some aero-dynamic tucked
       | position." Deriding one form mobility tech (an asset to more than
       | 10,000,000 people) to promote another potential one is
       | disappointing.
       | 
       | The Exoskeleton's Hidden Burden [0] is a good article that
       | includes the history of exoskeleton development (goes back to
       | 19th c. Russia):
       | 
       | [0]
       | https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/08/exosk...
        
         | playpause wrote:
         | He's not deriding wheelchair tech. He's saying wheelchair tech
         | is not good enough, disabled people deserve better, and he's
         | doing something about it. I'm not convinced wheelchair users
         | would be better off if he embraced the wheelchair-positive
         | attitude that you are arguing for.
        
       | joshtam wrote:
       | It is amazing how we can go about our life without any strong
       | motivation, and when something tragic happens, people often
       | comment "This was the best thing that's ever happened to me". As
       | it turns out, lack of success is just a lack of genuine purpose.
        
       | Iv wrote:
       | What I don't understand is why this is not more common. I plan to
       | build one for when my parents are unable to walk around
       | independently.
       | 
       | Who wants to call a nurse everytime they need to go to the
       | bathroom? An exoskeleton gives you some autonomy and dignity. The
       | fact it is so uncommon despite a growing aging population with
       | stash of money is a mystery to me
        
       | perilunar wrote:
       | Just by the way, the EduExo folks have a kickstarter that closes
       | in 25 hours and is $1000 short of their funding goal:
       | 
       | "EduExo Pro: A Robotic Exoskeleton Kit for STEM Education The
       | EduExo Pro is an Arduino-powered educational robotics kit that
       | enables you to build your own wearable robotic exoskeleton."
       | 
       | https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/auxivo/eduexo-pro-a-rob...
       | 
       | They had a previous kickstarter that did quite well:
       | 
       | https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1485976654/eduexo-the-f...
        
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       | caturopath wrote:
       | > "Ten years from now, there will be no, or far fewer,
       | wheelchairs," he said.
       | 
       | I wonder how much money he'll put on that.
        
         | theslurmmustflo wrote:
         | if battery technology keeps improving, I'm not sure why that
         | wouldn't be the case for people with long term disablities
        
           | wizzwizz4 wrote:
           | If you're using a wheelchair due to a joint issue, as opposed
           | to paralysis?
        
         | bredren wrote:
         | Ten years seems fast, but I foresee a revolution in local micro
         | manufacture that is a mashup of 3d printing as we know it and
         | local assembly of off the shelf parts.
         | 
         | This will lead to a revolution of generic complex product
         | availability that ignores patents and trademarks.
         | 
         | An exoskeleton may not be the first type of product to be
         | ordered and assembled from a few blocks away. The amount of QA
         | for safety would need to be high.
         | 
         | However, if the price of such things is 1/10 or even 1/20th
         | that of the branded, official version people will continue to
         | turn to hyperlocal, small-run manufacture for even the most
         | safety-critical products.
        
         | ad404b8a372f2b9 wrote:
         | I share your skepticism but I wouldn't question the conviction
         | of a guy who built a company and worked on this project for 10
         | years to help his son walk again.
        
           | rhino369 wrote:
           | I hope he's wrong since my brother is quadriplegic, but I
           | wouldn't bet on it. Either way, this guy is an inspiration.
        
           | gattilorenz wrote:
           | Me neither, but that's only true for the richest part of the
           | world, while a majority of the population will still have to
           | deal with wheelchairs (and in many places I imagine self-
           | built ones).
           | 
           | Not being snarky, I appreciate a lot what he's doing, and I
           | hope he will succeed in his quest. There's just a glimpse of
           | sadness when I realize that solving the problem in the first
           | world doesn't mean it will be solved for good (same with
           | vaccines, we hope/expect to have solved the COVID problem
           | soon, but it won't actually be the case for a majority of the
           | world population).
        
       | Gabriel_Martin wrote:
       | I know this is unrelated, but the closed caption's text accuracy
       | is embarrassingly poor for an organization of Reuter's stature.
        
       | zapdrive wrote:
       | Starting an exoskeleton company: 10 years + $$$
       | 
       | Smile on father's face watching his son stand upright: priceless!
        
       | trailmonster wrote:
       | A few years ago when I lived in Seattle, this guy was working on
       | something similar. I'm not sure how it turned out, but he had a
       | stand at the Ballard farmer's market that caught my attention.
       | Maybe 2015 or so. http://theyshallwalk.org/about/
        
       | manmeet wrote:
       | This is amazing. I built one to help my nephew walk, and now
       | selling commercially ( http://trexorobotics.com )
       | 
       | I am fed-up at the lack of options available to individuals.
       | People thought that everyone will get an exoskeleton and be able
       | to walk with it everywhere. But the industry ran into many
       | challenges.
       | 
       | A big one that many dont understand is getting insurance
       | coverage. The way the US healthcare system is designed, it will
       | only cover restoration of mobility, not a restoration of
       | function. So, from their perspective, a wheelchair and some pain
       | meds can do the job easily.
       | 
       | I believe that they key is to start with children, this is where
       | you have families desperate for a solution, higher costs due to
       | them growing and spending their entire life in a wheelchair, and
       | the option to truly have a life changing impact.
       | 
       | But things are changing, people are starting to notice the work
       | that we are doing. We need a lot more people building
       | exoskeletons and similar powered orthotics!!
        
         | prawn wrote:
         | Incredible story - the tech looks brilliant. What a
         | contribution to your nephew, sibling and the world.
        
         | aprdm wrote:
         | Your Team page is giving a 404, was really curious !
         | 
         | Great job. This is truly Amazing.
        
         | ricopags wrote:
         | Congrats on the amazing product! A minor note on the website:
         | 
         | https://imgur.com/I6KA5uQ
         | 
         | That's too much getting in my face without giving me a chance
         | to browse.
         | 
         | If I'm visiting the website, I'm probably going to be able to
         | answer some of those questions without having these distracting
         | offers thrown into my face immediately.
        
         | renewiltord wrote:
         | I've always wondered about these devices. How do they work?
         | Like they detect muscle contraction and amplify the motion? Or
         | is it a purely mechanical device?
        
         | CountDrewku wrote:
         | >The way the US healthcare system is designed, it will only
         | cover restoration of mobility, not a restoration of function.
         | 
         | You'll find that countries with socialized medicine won't cover
         | more than that either. It's too expensive, regardless of
         | whether your covered privately or publicly. Socialized medicine
         | is typically much harsher on keeping costs down as well.
        
         | Neurocynic wrote:
         | A big issue for industry is medical certification too. Have you
         | done yours? An exoskeleton like yours falls under Class II
         | medical device and would require, at the minimum, a 510(k)
         | notification to be filed.
        
         | ajoy wrote:
         | Great work!
         | 
         | FYI, your "Team" link in the footer is not loading properly.
        
         | rubicon33 wrote:
         | What a truly awesome product and mission. Inspiring, to say the
         | least. Are you hiring software engineers?
        
           | rudasi wrote:
           | Hi, we are hiring, can you please message us at
           | jobs@trexorobotics.com and just put hackernews in the
           | subject.
        
         | jandrese wrote:
         | I had thought when the Segway came out that a wheelchair
         | version would follow shortly afterward where a person without
         | functional legs could get on a saddle and move around quickly
         | and at a typical human height so things on shelves aren't such
         | a problem.
         | 
         | Segway hit the market 20 years ago and it still has not
         | happened. I get that there are a number of complications
         | (getting on and off is a challenge), but it seems like it
         | should be solvable. The technology has only improved over the
         | years, especially the batteries. This should be doable.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | The wheelchair version actually came out _before_ the Segway.
           | 
           | https://news.yahoo.com/the-i-bot-a-mission-to-
           | revolutionize-...
        
           | jeffreygoesto wrote:
           | From my own (admittedly limited) experience with riding a
           | Segway and my own (day to day) experience with a child that
           | can't sit, stand or walk, I would guess that it is a)
           | difficult to get in and out and b) difficult to balance and
           | steer.
           | 
           | Extra mechanical stabilizers are in the way when you finally
           | are on/in and without the Segway was really stubborn and
           | threw me and others off in the beginning. A person without
           | proper sense and ability to balance, will have big problems
           | getting onto it and off again with just the gyros running.
           | Also balancing is a really difficult thing to do if you have
           | the problems that forced you in a wheelchair in the first
           | place.
           | 
           | For people who are ok with the upper part of the body, and
           | can lift themselves onto the machine, you might be right
           | though. Unfortunately there doesn't seem to be a "used
           | Segway" market that is cheap enough to attract hackers trying
           | out new things with them.
        
           | teruakohatu wrote:
           | Not long ago I saw a guy in a Segway-like wheel chair. It
           | looked just like a regular wheelchair, with two wheels on
           | each side. I spoke the owner and he loved it.
           | 
           | Here is a Segway converted to a wheelchair here in New
           | Zealand:
           | 
           | https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/small-
           | business/70065350/han...
        
             | kolinko wrote:
             | I saw one or two in Warsaw recently.
        
         | fortylove wrote:
         | I don't have anything to add, but your product looks fantastic
         | and I can only imagine the joy it brings to patients and
         | families. Nice work!
        
         | sholladay wrote:
         | I have a family member who needs something exactly like Trexo
         | but for an adult. Are you able to make them for adults?
        
           | myth_drannon wrote:
           | There are plenty of exoskeletons trainers for adults, Trexo
           | novelty (well there is another device company in Sweden -
           | Made For Movement ) is that they are targeting kids.
        
         | sillysaurusx wrote:
         | Talk about impactful work. I wonder how many lives you've
         | changed.
         | 
         | Well done. This is something close to miracle tech, at least
         | for the people wearing it.
         | 
         | I can't help but feel curious whether they're a viable
         | alternative to wheelchairs, or if it's a temporary feeling
         | (kind of like riding on a rollercoaster, in that you go and do
         | it for the experience and then return to your normal life). But
         | that's just my ignorance talking.
         | 
         | Also, fuck the US insurance system. You won't find many topics
         | that make me talk that way, but as I get older it feels
         | something closer to pure evil. I've met so many people who have
         | been screwed over by that system (and personally experienced my
         | share of it).
         | 
         | There's a woman I've been texting with who I met at a gas
         | station. She was clearly in distress, so my wife and I offered
         | her a ride home. To cut a long story short, she spent her
         | fourth of july miserable, and when I raised the idea of getting
         | prozac or some sort of antidepressant (my own "miracle tech"),
         | she said "Oh, I used to be on that. I can't afford it because
         | no insurance" and I practically flipped my phone onto the
         | concrete. She could be living a normal and happy life.
         | 
         | I can't imagine how much worse it is for parents who otherwise
         | need to spend $thousands for alternative solutions like this.
         | If you can make it in any way affordable, it'll change
         | countless lives, I'm certain.
        
           | fencepost wrote:
           | _I used to be on that. I can 't afford it because no
           | insurance_
           | 
           | If/when _anyone_ runs into this regarding medications, be
           | aware that even without insurance many pharmacies (at least
           | in chains) have significant lists of medications available at
           | very little or no charge. Companies like GoodRX can also lead
           | to much lower prices, particularly on generics.
           | 
           | Meijer has free antibiotics and prenatal vitamins.
           | 
           | Walmart has a variety of medications for many conditions at
           | $4 for 30 days and $10 for 90, as well as inexpensive insulin
           | options (discussed here on HN within the last month or two -
           | maybe not preferred fastest-acting options, but certainly
           | better than 'rationing hoping I don't die')
           | 
           | Walgreens has a prescription savings club for $20-35/year
           | that has 30-90 day supplies of generics at various price
           | points between $5-15 for 30-day supplies and 10-30 for 90 day
           | supplies
           | 
           | CVS has some kind of system that I didn't create an account
           | to look at but is likely similar.
           | 
           | Costco has a Member Prescription Program and has all their
           | medication prices available on the site, and the pharmacy can
           | be used for prescriptions even without a membership.
           | 
           | Kroger has a prescription savings club linked to GoodRX that
           | has prescriptions at $0/3/6/9, with a membership of $36/72
           | year individual/family.
           | 
           | None of these plans are going to cover the medications being
           | advertised on TV, but they're going to provide coverage for a
           | lot of long-term proven generics that treat conditions that
           | have been around as long as humans have. They may not be AS
           | effective (or perhaps they just lack marketing budgets), but
           | if they weren't at least SOMEWHAT effective they wouldn't
           | still be around as generics.
           | 
           | And if you've read this far and are interested in other
           | information on keeping medical care less expensive, I highly
           | recommend looking up the Arm and a Leg Show podcast for a lot
           | of useful information.
        
             | sillysaurusx wrote:
             | Thank you! I'm actually going to forward this over to her.
             | This is super helpful.
        
               | heavyset_go wrote:
               | Some of the newer antidepressant manufacturers offer
               | income-based coupons that cover the costs of the
               | medications, as well.
               | 
               | Although Prozac has been generic forever, and depending
               | where you live, you might be able to get a 30 day supply
               | for a few bucks. Walmart has it for $4.
               | 
               | The expensive part is regularly seeing a doctor for
               | prescription refills. Depending on the state and her
               | income, she might be eligible for expanded Medicaid,
               | though.
        
             | tekromancr wrote:
             | This is what's known as doing the bare minimum to keep the
             | guillotines put away
        
           | sli wrote:
           | > Talk about impactful work. I wonder how many lives you've
           | changed.
           | 
           | $1000/mo for a rental. People without insurance need not
           | apply.
        
             | asoneth wrote:
             | $1k a month seems downright cheap compared to many medical
             | treatments.
             | 
             | Hospital visits in the US average $11.7k for a full
             | stay[1]. Antiviral treatments for Hepatitis C like Harvoni
             | and Sovaldi cost $16k-90k for 12 weeks, though you can go
             | with a generic version for $5k-10k a month.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.debt.org/medical/hospital-surgery-costs/
        
               | chefkoch wrote:
               | Try cancer meds, Revlimid is 20k for the rest of your
               | life or at least some years.
        
             | Broken_Hippo wrote:
             | It doesn't always need to be expensive, but it also isn't
             | always inexpensive upfront. And the comment you reply to
             | makes a plea about the price.
             | 
             | Price doesn't mean you haven't changed a lot of lives
             | either: In addition, a lot of folks that can't walk are
             | covered by some sort of government-provided insurance.
             | Unfortunately, it doesn't really help all that much because
             | insurance limitations don't always cover everything or
             | cover enough.
             | 
             | I'll also say that it is a lot for a single person/family:
             | It isn't nearly as much at a daycare, school, physical
             | therapy and other such things. I'd not be surprised if such
             | places weren't their most common home.
        
             | myth_drannon wrote:
             | Expensive, but many families spend more on physio and other
             | professionals (150$-300$ per hour). When we are talking
             | about children's health and future, parents will raid their
             | pensions accounts, grandparent's etc...
             | 
             | Hopefully once they get more popular, the government will
             | pay for it to setup in Rehabilitation centers. From what I
             | saw right now it's mostly private centers that are buying
             | it (US/Canada).
        
             | anchpop wrote:
             | New tech is always expensive at first. Selling something
             | for $1k/month is better than not selling it at all. If
             | these things were easy to make cheaply someone would be
             | doing it.
        
             | stronglikedan wrote:
             | Everyone in the US has access to health insurance under
             | Obamacare. Whether or not health insures will pay $1000/mo
             | is a different issue.
        
         | bottled_poe wrote:
         | Inspiring. You're doing amazing work.
        
         | pkaye wrote:
         | I'm curious why it is so expensive though. Its works out to
         | $36k paid over 3 years to own it.
        
           | stronglikedan wrote:
           | Aren't most things overly expensive in the beginning, until
           | the company can make enough profit to ramp up production?
           | Tesla cars come to mind.
        
           | ezconnect wrote:
           | It looks expensive, and each machine is custom fitted to the
           | users legs and also grows with the user. The market for it is
           | really small to instantly lower the price.
        
           | brianwawok wrote:
           | Can you start a business to sell it for less and make a
           | profit? If so you should. You will take the market.
           | Capitalism is great.
        
         | blairbeckwith wrote:
         | Just wanted to say thanks for building this.
        
         | optymizer wrote:
         | I was looking at the videos, and realized that maybe we don't
         | need small exo-bones (societal expectations and normalcy
         | aside), maybe it's easier to go the other way and make exo-
         | robots, since they'd be bigger with more room for batteries,
         | could balance on their own and a human could be
         | sitting/standing inside, driving the legs with some input
         | method - either with legs, or hand gestures.
         | 
         | I'm picturing the robot in Avatar [1], but with an open top and
         | much less threatening and not weaponized [2], like big robotic
         | pants. If I were to quit my job, it would be to make human
         | robot minotaurs a reality, but then again, what do I know about
         | robots?
         | 
         | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F6ttDZFmGqg
         | 
         | [2] https://www.pcmag.com/news/toyotas-latest-humanoid-robot-
         | can...
        
           | egypturnash wrote:
           | So basically The Wrong Trousers [1] except without the remote
           | control that falls into the hand of an evil penguin disguised
           | as a rooster.
           | 
           | 1: https://d.ibtimes.co.uk/en/full/1386220/wallace-gromits-
           | wron...
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | Anything wider than 32in won't fit through many doors.
        
         | chime wrote:
         | > So, from their perspective, a wheelchair and some pain meds
         | can do the job easily.
         | 
         | And not even a good wheelchair. For my wife recently diagnosed
         | with MS, they would only approve of a basic, featureless,
         | uncomfortable one after I would pay the $3000 deductible plus
         | 20% coinsurance. Instead, I got a light-weight folding electric
         | wheelchair with nearly full-day worth of battery (15 miles),
         | with a spare battery, adjustable headrest for $1300 off Amazon.
         | Add an octopus-tripod fan with 10hr battery, golf-cart
         | umbrella, bendable cane holder, bottle holder, and an A/C fan
         | jacket for a total of $200 and now she is able to spend a few
         | hours out with our kids at museums, aquariums, and zoos.
         | 
         | It was literally cheaper for me to buy all of this cash than
         | try to spend 40+ hours getting insurance approval.
         | 
         | I absolutely love how practical and solid your product is. I
         | cannot comment on the pricing because I have no idea what your
         | costs/market is but if my kid needed $999/mo to walk, I would
         | do literally anything to be able to afford it. Hopefully the
         | costs keep coming down for those with a smaller budget. Good
         | luck!
        
           | nine_k wrote:
           | Great thing it works this way for mechanical tech.
           | 
           | For chemicals, that is, medicines, paying out of pocket is
           | not impossible, but much harder. The $1500 you invested will
           | likely last a number of years. Or it might be a month worth
           | of prescription drugs; cheap generics do not exist for
           | everything (and may sometimes be inferior).
           | 
           | I don't know a good way out of it. The U.S. medical insurance
           | system sucks, but my friends from Germany and Netherlands
           | report that theirs is even worse at providing any remotely
           | advanced treatment.
        
             | londev wrote:
             | I've only managed to get more advanced treatment in the UK
             | (still nothing ground breaking) by having private medical
             | cover in addition to the national health care. Thankfully
             | as the national health service covers all the basic care
             | it's possible to get private cover for around PS40 per
             | month.
        
               | nightfly wrote:
               | That sounds _really_ good, and kind of blows a big hole
               | in a lot of arguments against universal health care. I
               | pay more than that monthly for relatively basic
               | medication and that's _with_ pretty good employer-funded
               | insurance
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | It gets better/worse. NHS provides universal cover for a
               | lower per capita cost than Medicare/Medicaid covers the
               | portion of the US population it covers.
        
               | opinion-is-bad wrote:
               | Isn't that a bit unfair of a comparison, since Medicare
               | disproportionately covers the elderly who have higher
               | medical costs, while the NHS serves the whole population?
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | I think you misunderstand me.
               | 
               | The cost of Medicare + Medicaid divided by the number of
               | people in the US - not the number of _people covered by
               | those services_ , has tended to be higher than the cost
               | of the NHS divided by the number of people in the UK.
               | 
               | EDIT:
               | 
               | According to CMS[1], Medicare cost $799bn in 2019, and
               | Medicaid cost $613bn in 2019. The Census bureau gave 328
               | million people in 2019 [3], or ~$4300 per _person_ for
               | Medicare and Medicaid whether or not they are covered.
               | 
               | According to Kings[2], the NHS cost 150bn pounds in 2019,
               | or ~$208bn (I've not taking into account exchange rate
               | changes). ONS gives mid-year estimate of 66.8m for the UK
               | in 2019 [4].
               | 
               | Which gives $3113 for NHS per person, all of whom are
               | covered.
               | 
               | The point is that if Medicare and Medicaid were allowed
               | to work in the same kind of regulatory environment as the
               | NHS (e.g. Medicare is legally prevented from negotiating
               | best prices for some categories of cover), and was
               | equally efficient, then you ought to be able to take the
               | _same budget_ and extend Medicare cover to every citizen
               | of the US without paying more.
               | 
               | In fact, you'd have 33% more per resident to cover e.g.
               | salary gaps without touching the Medicare/Medicaid
               | budgets.
               | 
               | Americans are effectively paying twice, as money paid in
               | private insurance is at least the same amount over again.
               | It's bizarre to me there are no riots in the streets over
               | this - current US healthcare regulation is corporate
               | welfare to insurers and healthcare providers at the cost
               | of regular people.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-
               | Systems/Sta...
               | 
               | [2] https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/projects/nhs-in-a-
               | nutshell/nhs-...
               | 
               | [3] https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-
               | releases/2019/popest-n...
               | 
               | [4] https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/p
               | opulati...
        
               | Synaesthesia wrote:
               | It's just cheaper by a whole lot, like 2x and that's
               | taking everything into account. The US is way off the
               | scale in medical expenditure.
               | 
               | For example the NHS negotiates drug prices on a national
               | basis, meaning people in the UK pay way less for
               | medicines than in the USA.
        
             | moooo99 wrote:
             | > Germany and Netherlands report that theirs is even worse
             | at providing any remotely advanced treatment.
             | 
             | It kind of depends on what you'd consider advanced
             | treatment. I know a few people with chronic illnesses that
             | are dependent on getting their (expensive) medications and
             | they never had a problem with that. Besides the
             | prescription fee of 5EUR (not 100% sure on that one) they
             | pay nothing out of their pocket.
             | 
             | But I've heard from people that that they often have
             | problems for example with getting approval for new
             | wheelchairs, accessibility adjustments for their cars, etc.
             | 
             | In general it is true that only necessities are covered by
             | public health insurance. This makes sense in most cases for
             | obvious reasons, but in some cases the limits seem totally
             | arbitrary and are not beneficial to the consumer nor the
             | insurer. Luckily I am young and healthy so my
             | confrontations with our healthcare are limited to my bi-
             | yearly dentist appointments, but I can absolutely imagine
             | how there are gigantic bureaucratic hurdles when needing
             | something remotely special.
        
               | zaarn wrote:
               | Generally, getting a wheelchair or similar is a bit of a
               | paper war with the insurance. Once you have it though,
               | the barrier is lower to get a replacement or upgrades.
        
           | hutzlibu wrote:
           | Can you recommend the specific model of the wheelchair you
           | ordered?
        
             | chime wrote:
             | This is the one I bought (not affiliated with them):
             | https://smile.amazon.com/gp/product/B082NN972S
             | 
             | I called up the seller to buy more spare batteries and they
             | said the 2 batteries the chair comes with, are under
             | warranty for 1 year. And they should last another 2-3 years
             | easily even with heavy use. So there's no point in buying
             | spares now since the spares will lose the ability to charge
             | over the same time.
             | 
             | We have been out for 2-3 hours per trip many times this
             | year and not once has even one battery run out.
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | Thank you, this is something for my grandmother, who
               | finally thinks about swallowing her pride, but gaining
               | some independence again.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | sizzle wrote:
       | The father in the picture at first glance gave me Tony Stark with
       | an iron man suit prototype vibes. Anyone else?
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | waybaily wrote:
       | What a commendable act made by the father. He didn't settle in
       | making his son sit on a wheelchair throughout his own life.
       | Instead, he built an exoskeleton to let his son experience how to
       | walk.
        
       | nemo44x wrote:
       | In today's culture wouldn't this be considered "ableist"? Aren't
       | we internalizing the idea of being "disabled" to this kid and
       | thus dehumanizing him by building a machine that "corrects" his
       | inability to walk?
       | 
       | I've seen similar arguments from the deaf community about hearing
       | restoration as "correcting" something when nothing is "wrong".
       | 
       | FWIW I think this invention is awesome.
        
         | CTmystery wrote:
         | Are you genuinely curious or do you have an axe to grind? Have
         | you seen anyone accuse such an invention as ableist? This is
         | exactly what new technology is supposed to do: make things
         | possible that were previously difficult or impossible. I don't
         | see how any of the culture wars in vogue have anything to do
         | with it.
        
           | nemo44x wrote:
           | https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/science-and-
           | philosop...
        
             | zuminator wrote:
             | 1) Anyone can take a controversial position. But I'd want
             | to read something more than a rather minimal Psychology
             | Today article to conclude that this is indicative of
             | "today's culture" and not just an opinion of a fringe
             | minority.
             | 
             | 2) In any event the deaf community is rather unique
             | compared with other disabled groups in general. A
             | substantial number of deaf/hearing impaired people are born
             | that way and grow up in a community with its own language
             | and culture, a community that would be for better or worse
             | disrupted by a "cure." Other disabled groups tend not to
             | have a separate strong cultural identity as such. It is
             | true that there are instances of individual blind people
             | who were "cured" of blindness and found the experience so
             | disorienting that they fell into a deep depression [0], but
             | as far as I know, they didn't advocate for an end to
             | blindness research.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.npr.org/transcripts/10382528
        
         | a_conservative wrote:
         | I think these kinds of questions are very personal. I had a
         | close family member who couldn't walk. She didn't make her
         | inability to walk a part of her identity, it was just something
         | annoying she had to put up with. I doubt she would have been
         | upset about gaining the ability to walk.
         | 
         | The only time I've heard these types of questions are around
         | people who are deaf. I suspect that the issue is a complex one
         | of language and community. My understanding is that (some?)
         | deaf people consider sign language their primary language, not
         | the native tongue of their country.
         | 
         | It's too bad that the hn downvoters are hitting your post so
         | hard, this could be a useful, informative discussion. It's hard
         | to talk about this kind of thing without crossing political
         | correctness boundaries though.
        
         | MitPitt wrote:
         | By this logic, any medicine is ableist. Are we dehumanizing
         | people with flesh wounds by sewing them up and stopping the
         | bleeding?
        
           | nemo44x wrote:
           | I don't think so, and I think that's sort of a different
           | thing.
           | 
           | I believe the original ideas around this go back to when a
           | child is born with ambiguous sex organs. Parents and doctors
           | would then choose to "correct" the issue to ensure the baby
           | is either a boy or a girl, when in actuality it may have
           | chromosome's that are not XX or XY. So then this (which is
           | actually a really interesting debate) has cascaded into the
           | greater world of disabilities. So there are currently
           | critical theorists in the universities "theorizing" that
           | looking at disabilities as something that needs to be
           | corrected and not something that is normal puts people with
           | them on the margins of society.
           | 
           | So there is well regarded (by some) literature that fixing
           | deafness is wrong and that society shouldn't see it as a
           | disability - that society should adapt to be seamlessly
           | inclusive for deaf people. And this goes on and on.
           | 
           | In essence, science is racist and it has been white men who
           | have classified what is normal and what is not and who is to
           | say that everyone is normal and "correcting" these things is
           | actually, well, "ableist".
           | 
           | It can get pretty crazy (whoops, that's a naughty word) out
           | there.
        
             | MitPitt wrote:
             | If by adapting (for example) blind people into society they
             | mean writing in braille everywhere and so on, then it's the
             | same as if correcting their disability. An exo-exo-
             | skeleton, extended to the whole society.
             | 
             | So it's just demagoguery.
        
               | nemo44x wrote:
               | I think the analogy would be if they could make them see
               | again.
        
       | ad404b8a372f2b9 wrote:
       | I've been making my own, purely as a pipe-dream to have some hope
       | of walking again, it's not easy but I'm hoping it'll be a better
       | fit than consumer ones, and probably cheaper.
       | 
       | I feel like we've made leaps and bounds in prosthetics this past
       | decade but orthotics and exoskeletons haven't been following the
       | trend for some reason. As an engineer I imagine there are some
       | significant design constraints that make it hard but seeing what
       | we're capable of doing in any other industry I can't help but
       | feel the problem has to be something other than purely technical
       | limitations. The price is also a big issue, 10k for the cheapest
       | exoskeletons, 150k for the one in this article.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | We live in a world where prices are usually set by the
         | constraints of mass production. We have trouble accepting the
         | cost of custom-made things. Hearing aids can be ridiculously
         | expensive. Custom keyboards at least are not quite so
         | ridiculous.
         | 
         | Now that some of the earbud manufacturers are dabbling in
         | processing of environmental sound, some people may be able to
         | use consumer grade equipment, particularly younger Boomers and
         | older Gen-Xers, due more to stigma than anything else.
         | 
         | Unfortunately that probably reduces volume of product for
         | everyone else, keeping the mean price roughly the same but
         | jacking up the high end.
        
         | the_lonely_road wrote:
         | My understanding is its the same thing limiting everything
         | else. Power. Batteries more specifically. We just don't have a
         | way to power anything for very long that doesn't have a cable
         | attached to a wall attached to a power station. Honestly the
         | ability for humans (and other living creatures) to just DO SO
         | MUCH on just a little bio mass each day is astounding.
        
           | anonymousDan wrote:
           | I'm sure this has already been thought of but is there much
           | value in using capacitors to capture kinetic energy from the
           | exoskeletons natural movement?
        
             | IshKebab wrote:
             | No there isn't. You'd recover almost no energy.
        
           | sandworm101 wrote:
           | >> Power. Batteries more specifically. We just don't have a
           | way to power anything
           | 
           | There is progress. Japan has been developing assistance
           | exoskeletons as an answer to elder care problems: power
           | assist devices to allow not-strong people to lift/carry
           | elderly people. Interestingly, much development has gone into
           | pneumatic devices as they are inherently more waterproof than
           | electric.
           | 
           | "In Japan, the commercialization of exoskeletons is already
           | underway. Innophys, a startup founded in 2013 at the Tokyo
           | University of Science, has already dispatched about 1,000
           | units across the country, in particular to Asahi-Sun, an
           | elderly care supplier. Lighter than ActiveLink's AWN-03,
           | Innophys' Exo-Muscle is a little less quick but offers more
           | flexibility for a similar lifting capacity of 22 to 30 kilos
           | (48 to 66 pounds). But Exo-Muscle uses an entirely different
           | technology: compressed air, which is injected into rubber
           | valves that inflate and contract."
           | 
           | https://worldcrunch.com/tech-science/an-aging-japan-turns-
           | to...
        
             | azernik wrote:
             | That's less about progress, and more about finding
             | applications where it's not a limitation.
             | 
             | Innophys suit has a compressed-air tank with limited
             | endurance, built to be periodically refilled from a
             | stationary compressed-air system on job sites (since those
             | are common in many industrial settings). Notably, their ad
             | copy says: "Simply fill it with air using the supplied pump
             | and it is ready for use. Therefore it can be used anytime,
             | anywhere, for an unlimited amount of time, easily. When the
             | assistive power weakens, just add more air." i.e. you're
             | expected to be able to pump the thing (they include a hand
             | pump as a last resort!) at any time.
             | 
             | The AWN-03, for its part has one set of high-power motors
             | for when it's connected to AC power and a lower-power motor
             | for battery operation; that Panasonic division, in the 5
             | years since that story was written, discontinued that
             | product and defined down the problem to less power-hungry
             | assist modes, namely short assistance during particularly
             | strenuous motions.
        
           | mojomark wrote:
           | >...Power. Batteries more specifically. We just don't have a
           | way to power anything for very long that doesn't have a cable
           | attached to a wall attached to a power station...
           | 
           | To be clear (not to be snide, just to improve clarity),
           | increased power density is the ability to discharge energy in
           | larger amounts in shorter time periods (think heavy lift
           | olympians). Energy density is the ability to store large
           | amounts of energy for longer periods of time (think long
           | distance runner). Some applications, like cell phones are
           | quite happy with high energy density, but relatively low
           | power density. Others, like an battery-electric drill, need
           | more power density but can offset the low energy density by
           | swapping out batteries and having a rotable pull.
           | 
           | Great idealic batteries for this application would have both
           | large energy and power desnity. I say this because people
           | often overlook "batteries" that people don't refer to ass
           | batteries because they generally don't come in a self-
           | contained cell (they have subsystems that don't benefit much
           | from cellular architectures). Case in point are Hydrogen fuel
           | cells. I'm not saying their better than Li-ion, but they are
           | for certain applications. Often H2 fuel cells are paired with
           | Li-ion batteries or supper capacitors to provide improved
           | power when transient energy bursts are needed. H2 fuel is
           | stored in some tank - perhaps a pressure tank, perhaps in the
           | form of Aluminum and water reaction, or for this application
           | it may likely be some metal hydride that stores H2
           | 'benignly'. However, to your point, even these metal hydrides
           | have a lot of room and potential for improving energy
           | density.
           | 
           | My only point here is that, cureently, the best answer may
           | not be a single cellular battery, but some hybriid of energy
           | storage technologies.
        
           | devwastaken wrote:
           | Don't forget patents. You yourself can create whatever you
           | want, but the second you want to sell it you have to have a
           | patent law firm scour over everything, pay dozens of
           | companies, get rejected by others, and end up having to
           | entirely redesign your product in an inefficient manner
           | because some dipstick owns a patent they just sit on.
           | 
           | If we abolish patents innovation will finally be possible.
        
             | ornornor wrote:
             | 3D printers are a good example that I recently came across.
             | 
             | There is a patent for a 3D printer enclosed in a box. A
             | number of plastics print much better when in an enclosure
             | with no drafts and more easily controllable temperatures.
             | 
             | But instead, 3D printers must be sold and function on their
             | own without a box, to avoid the patent. Enclosures are then
             | sold separately and you end up with a 3D printer in an
             | enclosure anyway, but that doesn't infringe on the
             | patent... so it's allowed.
        
               | _def wrote:
               | And also FDM/FFF in general, which has been around since
               | the 90s.
        
               | jacobolus wrote:
               | > _3D printer enclosed in a box [...] instead [...]_
               | 
               | I assume you are talking about this Stratasys patent that
               | expired earlier this year,
               | https://patents.google.com/patent/US6722872
               | 
               | > _1. A three-dimensional modeling apparatus comprising a
               | heated build chamber in which three-dimensional objects
               | are built, a base located in the build chamber, a
               | dispensing head for dispensing modeling material onto the
               | base, the dispensing head having a modeling material
               | dispensing outlet inside of the build chamber, and an
               | x-y-z gantry coupled to the dispensing head and to the
               | base for generating relative movement in three-dimensions
               | between the dispensing head and the base, characterized
               | in that: the x-y-z gantry is located external to the
               | build chamber and is separated from the chamber by a
               | deformable thermal insulator. [...]_
        
               | ornornor wrote:
               | Yes that's the one. I wasn't aware it expired this year
               | but that's good news!
        
             | big_curses wrote:
             | Why abolish patents rather than just fix their
             | implementation? Patents are very important. Without them,
             | incentive to bring things to market falls as all your hard
             | work of designing and creating something can just
             | immediately be taken and reused by others. This encourages
             | everyone to sit around and wait for others to make
             | something first, and then punishes the one who does. Why
             | not instead rework patents so that they have to be used
             | continuously to be upheld or increase the stringency of
             | that aspect of them?
        
               | Kosirich wrote:
               | Is 20 years a bit much though?
        
               | burnished wrote:
               | Is there any evidence that this argument is true? It sort
               | of ignores the fact that people do invent, and
               | frequently, almost as a byproduct of being alive. Plus
               | the constant litigation around patents seems to add more
               | friction to the process, preventing people who would
               | materially contribute to the common good by tinkering and
               | inventing.
        
           | ad404b8a372f2b9 wrote:
           | I imagine it's part of it, but even when you look at
           | unpowered devices there seems to have been shockingly little
           | innovation when you compare what was available in the 1800s
           | and today. It's still a few flatbars with leather/velcro
           | fasteners, the main improvement has been with materials like
           | carbon fiber to lower the weight but that's about it. There's
           | some interesting patents like air cushions to improve fit and
           | some weight redistribution mechanisms but nothing available
           | for the consumer.
        
             | KONAir wrote:
             | -I have next to no clue what I am talking about- Wouldn't a
             | "wheelchair as powerbank" be the best solution to get
             | people as mobile as possible?
        
               | R0b0t1 wrote:
               | It's not bad. Then you just have the issue of the cost of
               | the batteries.
               | 
               | It's possible to have the device be corded and stay
               | within a room or set of rooms.
        
               | KONAir wrote:
               | I meant more like wheel(?) shop to shop, do the shopping
               | on foot so it charges while wheeling.
               | 
               | Is wheeling the verb for it anyway?
        
         | mustafa_pasi wrote:
         | If you don't already you should document your project on
         | Youtube. It's a super cool project and I'm sure you can even
         | get lots of Patreon sponsors that way and even commercial ones
         | probably.
        
         | smoldesu wrote:
         | My grandpa, who died before I was born, was wheelchair-bound
         | for the second half of his life, and I was told that he handled
         | it well, but internally it took an incredible toll on his body.
         | When he finally passed away, they found that his basement was
         | littered with machinery, engines and pre-cut body panels.
         | Apparently, in the last few years of his life he threw himself
         | into the idea of building his own plane to restore his freedom
         | on his own terms.
         | 
         | Bit of a sad story, but it never fails to motivate me past my
         | usual, procrastinating self.
        
           | brodouevencode wrote:
           | It's great that you're using him as a source of inspiration.
           | The power of older role models today has unfortunately been
           | overlooked, but I'm glad you've found it. Keep building.
        
         | AutumnCurtain wrote:
         | I worked in a logistics operation that explored exoskeleton
         | options deeply in 2019. Options were shockingly limited and the
         | best products were not powered in any way - essentially just
         | frames to bolster your body mechanically. Compare to the
         | massive, extremely precise, and power-efficient automated
         | storage and retrieval systems and it just seemed like stone age
         | tech. My takeaway was that powered exoskeleton tech must be
         | vastly more difficult to implement than I'd expected. The
         | financial incentives are there for warehouse and logistics
         | applications, but the tech just isn't.
        
           | modeless wrote:
           | One issue is safety. A powered exoskeleton with any
           | significant fraction of a human's full strength necessarily
           | has the power to maim people including the operator. A robot
           | can just be put in a cage where it can't hurt people, but an
           | exoskeleton can't.
        
             | zeteo wrote:
             | > A robot can just be put in a cage where it can't hurt
             | people, but an exoskeleton can't.
             | 
             | This would have made a great premise for an Asimov story.
        
               | justnotworthit wrote:
               | A robot poses as an exoskeleton to escape captivity?
        
           | michaelt wrote:
           | What sort of power sources do current powered exoskeletons
           | use, and what sort of runtimes do you get?
           | 
           | That's where I'd foresee the limitations - that you'd end up
           | hefting 80 lbs of battery for 20 minutes of operation.
        
             | dogorman wrote:
             | Might there be merit to a semi-tethered approach? Enough
             | onboard batteries to last a minute or two when you walk to
             | another room, where you promptly plug in again?
        
               | dr_orpheus wrote:
               | Semi-tethered approach would probably be good for being
               | able to use around the house. And I think this would be
               | consistent with other medical equipment. Some people who
               | require oxygen often have a very large oxygen machine at
               | home with a long cord so they can move around the house,
               | but have to carry portable machines when they are not
               | home.
               | 
               | The portable exoskeleton is a pretty big leap though. I
               | think in order to have it be useful anywhere else but at
               | home it would need to be significantly longer on the
               | order of hours. I'm thinking time it takes from getting
               | out of a car to go in to a shop and run an errand and
               | come back (perhaps extra battery packs in the car or a
               | place to recharge from the car)
        
               | anonymousDan wrote:
               | Or for added convenience, what if you had something like
               | a roomba that followed you around the house and plugged
               | in to a socket in the room on one end and to the
               | exoskeleton frame on the other end without any manual
               | intervention on your part?
        
               | dr_orpheus wrote:
               | That would be pretty cool. Also made me think of an idea
               | (albient a super unsafe one) of having overhead power to
               | connect to like an electric trolley.
        
             | AutumnCurtain wrote:
             | I haven't been in the industry for a little bit, so I'm
             | sure the tech has evolved, but the versions we evaluated
             | used battery hot-swapping to extend use time. I honestly
             | don't recall how long a single battery ran for. We
             | primarily evaluated them for use for loads that were too
             | light or unwieldy to necessitate a vehicle but which were
             | too heavy for a human worker to regularly lift without risk
             | of injury (so the 75-200lb range)
        
               | vosper wrote:
               | So it needs power to move the weight of the human, plus
               | 75-200lb? I'm wondering if an exoskeleton that's only for
               | moving a person about might have a lower power
               | requirement or longer battery life?
        
               | AutumnCurtain wrote:
               | The human bears their own weight, so they need to move
               | the exoskeleton + load. These systems are more like
               | braces you stand in with strong frames and motors to
               | augment your natural lifting motions than "waldo"-style
               | full exoskeletons. In that respect they differ from what
               | would be needed to help a fully disabled person stand.
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | I've always wanted to make one that fits like spandex and uses
         | things that mimic anatomical function, like nitinol wires to
         | mimic muscle.
        
           | ad404b8a372f2b9 wrote:
           | Oh that's interesting, I use a spandex-like component inside
           | the frame but only to hold electromyography (EMG) electrodes
           | against the leg. I reckon you'd still need a support
           | structure to hold the 50-100kg of weight of the user though.
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | That, or leverage the existing bone. It may even be
             | possible to leverage counter force of the opposing "muscle
             | groups" of nitinol wire using some sort of artificial joint
             | designed to take advantage of it.
        
           | wizzwizz4 wrote:
           | I imagine that wouldn't be very powerful.
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | Why?
        
               | wizzwizz4 wrote:
               | Reasons others have brought up, and that you have
               | addressed. (Unfortunately I can't delete my comment.)
        
           | yupper32 wrote:
           | In order to mimic muscle wouldn't you need the wires
           | physically attached to your body somehow? Getting leverage
           | with a spandex like material doesn't sound possible.
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | Yes, the nitinol is not the only component. You would need
             | things to mimic other pieces of the system, like tendons
             | and a way to anchor them to false structures or utilize
             | existing bone.
             | 
             | I mentioned fitting similar to spandex because all these
             | other suits are bulky. Sure, this system would still have
             | bulk, but it should be more conforming than mechanical legs
             | that sit several inches outside of the person's natural
             | legs. Good luck fitting on public transportation,
             | airplanes, or even walking through a 32" door if you were a
             | bigger person to start with.
        
         | justinclift wrote:
         | What's the control method you've been using? eg for input to
         | direct the actions
        
           | ad404b8a372f2b9 wrote:
           | None, it's not the exact same problem in that I have control
           | of my legs just not enough to walk with them or support my
           | weight.
        
             | kelnos wrote:
             | I think that maybe highlights another difficulty here:
             | there isn't really a one-size-fits-all solution. Some
             | people will need full support, and others will need more of
             | an assist. Not sure both of those things can (or should) be
             | served by the same device. But as soon as you have to build
             | different things for different cases, that drives the cost
             | up, both in R&D and in manufacturing (it's cheaper to build
             | 1000 of one thing than 500 each of two things).
        
         | namlem wrote:
         | Some of the unpowered exoskeletons are pretty impressive, and
         | all things considered, $10-20k isn't that crazy a price. After
         | all, they are not really being mass produced, and are pretty
         | complex mechanical systems. I'd love to see a big company like
         | Caterpillar get on board and start pumping them out for
         | construction purposes.
         | 
         | The powered ones are still too expensive for anything but the
         | most niche applications sadly.
        
         | dalbasal wrote:
         | I think both exoskeletons and prosthetics suffer from similar
         | issues. To reach affordability, you need unit volume. To get
         | unit volume, you need an initial user segment capable of paying
         | what such a device currently costs. In computing, for example,
         | there's always someone willing to pay for bleeding edge, which
         | then paves the way to price reduction. With these, there just
         | isn't much daylight between prices where basically no one can
         | afford it, and prices where everyone who needs one can.
         | 
         | People like you are the best hope. Independent inventors aren't
         | bound by manufacturing economics.
         | 
         | Side question: how much power does it take to run existing,
         | mobility oriented exoskeletons?
        
           | kelnos wrote:
           | I imagine new medical tech is usually covered by insurance,
           | which makes it possible for people to afford it initially
           | (and even later, when the device is more at scale), but I
           | expect it's really hard to get insurance companies (in the US
           | at least) to consider covering new things, especially when
           | there is a cheaper alternative.
           | 
           | I imagine an insurance company is heartless enough to believe
           | that a much cheaper wheelchair is "good enough" and there's
           | "no reason" to pay the hefty costs for an experimental
           | exoskeleton.
        
         | regularfry wrote:
         | Size variation, maybe? If you're building an industrial robot
         | you control the size precisely, but if you've got to make
         | _everything_ variable - and not just variable, but to be as
         | comfortable as clothes - I can see that throwing a hell of a
         | lot of complexity into the mix.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | I mean in theory the motors and controllers are identical
           | across all builds, but since the length of the rotating
           | pieces is variable, the angles of rotation might remain the
           | same but the leverage and hence the torque vary by quite a
           | bit. Bigger people have longer limbs, and bigger people also
           | weigh more.
        
         | seph-reed wrote:
         | Just for the love of ideating: if ones arms were working, it
         | seems like there may be some way of essentially diverting arm
         | strength between movement, and handling.
         | 
         | Kind of like picking up one leg at a time with your arm, while
         | the other stays locked through some ratchet system.
         | 
         | It's just a hazy idea, but it could definitely help with the
         | power issue. It's pretty much the same principle as a wheel
         | chair in that regard.
        
         | agumonkey wrote:
         | I'm near ready to start a workshop, I think we ought to make
         | these kind of things more prevalent, a lot of money is lost on
         | ultra expensive medical devices with really low value
         | (wheelchairs or similar)
         | 
         | giving someone an exoskeleton might be something much more
         | joyful and inspiring than a wheelchair, it can revive your life
        
           | hnthrowaway353 wrote:
           | My wife is a wheelchair user and it makes me sad to hear that
           | some think her chair has low value, when it's very valuable
           | to us. She can chase after our 15 month toddler without ever
           | getting tired, she can cruise at 6 mph with no problems, and
           | she's quite happy with her life. An exoskeleton wouldn't let
           | her do any of those things and would significantly reduce her
           | quality of life.
        
             | agumonkey wrote:
             | well i'm dumbfounded, I'd honestly thought an exoskeleton
             | would make people like her happier
             | 
             | i never meant to deny your own experience, I was mostly sad
             | about the high cost and limits of a wheel chair.
        
               | hnthrowaway353 wrote:
               | UC San Francisco used to run disability inspiration porn
               | ads showing a plodding exoskeleton that would go about
               | maybe 1 mi/day? My wife would joke that in the time it
               | would take the exoskeleton to get her to the front door,
               | she could used her power chair to walk to Starbucks,
               | order breakfast, and bring it home. Has society put
               | limits on what she can do in her chair due to crappy
               | architecture, yes. Would a practical exoskeleton fix
               | that, we doubt it.
        
               | throwaway-571 wrote:
               | What about an exoskeleton with retractable wheels, that
               | had motion powered or rollerblade style? I remember
               | seeing a video of a robot that switched from
               | quadruped/hexapod walking motion to sway like a
               | rollerblade / skater.
        
               | throwaway-571 wrote:
               | Have you looked at the robots out of boston dynamics?
               | They look more mobile than a lot of non-handicapped
               | people. Maybe another avenue is smart physical assistants
               | instead of just exoskeletons, "i, Robot (2004)" style.
        
               | BadCookie wrote:
               | A wheelchair can be much better than nothing and still be
               | far inferior to a potential exoskeleton. I use a
               | wheelchair whenever I leave the house, and I am not a
               | fan. There are so many places I cannot go: anywhere that
               | requires stairs, the beach and most other places that are
               | unpaved, anywhere without curb cuts, any foreign country
               | that doesn't have accessibility laws, anywhere with a
               | hill that's even a little bit steep. I would happily pay
               | $100k for a really great exoskeleton (if what's in my
               | imagination could be made real, anyway).
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | Well the goal wa actually turn potential into reality. I
               | completely agree with your argument
        
               | burnished wrote:
               | you didn't say anything wrong, it is a throw away account
               | making claims about how a technology that doesn't exist
               | would definitely decrease quality of life.. I wouldn't
               | put too much stock in what they say.
        
               | hnthrowaway353 wrote:
               | I'm just relaying my wife's opinion. She's kinda tired of
               | people presuming that her life isn't great because she's
               | in a wheelchair and that everything would be better if
               | she could walk.
        
             | hutzlibu wrote:
             | "An exoskeleton wouldn't let her do any of those things and
             | would significantly reduce her quality of life."
             | 
             | I do not want to talk down on the wheelchair, but what
             | about an exoskeleton as simply another way to get around
             | and do other things, you cannot do in a wheelchair, because
             | not every way is level? That would probably be a further
             | improvement, if the tech would be ready and affordable?
             | 
             | If I ever loose my ability to walk, I really hope walking
             | "wheel"chairs or something like a exoskeleton will be
             | avaiable.
        
         | Fiahil wrote:
         | Have you seen what this, from a few years ago ? Your project is
         | different, but it can be a good inspiration !
         | 
         | https://www.ted.com/talks/hugh_herr_the_new_bionics_that_let...
        
       | Kosirich wrote:
       | Are there any global crowdfunding projects that try to bring tech
       | like this to more people?
        
       | beeskneecaps wrote:
       | This is incredible! There's something really appealing and
       | enabling about becoming an "exoskeleton pilot".
        
         | imglorp wrote:
         | I feel like it's time to take back the term "walker" from the
         | last century.
        
       | runawaybottle wrote:
       | This is kind of dangerous. Something like this that is not tested
       | can pretty much kill you if it fails in anyway. You'll just fall
       | to the ground from about 5 ft, which is often enough to do
       | something bad to your skull.
        
         | pomian wrote:
         | Then don't do it. Everyone has their own level of comfort. It
         | is disappointing to be criticized for awesome innovation by
         | armchair advisors. Innovation and progress is necessary for
         | humanity to continue. Fear, solves nothing. Super impressed by
         | this dad!
        
         | ad404b8a372f2b9 wrote:
         | The medical device industry in France is heavily regulated and
         | products are audited before they reach the market so you can be
         | sure it's a risk that's been identified and remediated.
        
           | crummybowley wrote:
           | Yeah, I think the OP was really talking about this individual
           | case.
           | 
           | Eg, this guy put his kid in a device that could kill him
           | (maybe).
           | 
           | Looking back at the videos from Boston Dynamics, a ton of
           | effort is put in to the failure mode testing. I highly doubt
           | 1) this is dynamic, 2) failure modes were considered much.
        
             | ad404b8a372f2b9 wrote:
             | This individual case is a medical device company in France,
             | not some garage hacker as the title might imply. No human
             | (except the engineers on the down-low) will have stepped
             | foot inside the device before a very late stage in the
             | design, possibly requiring approval for human trials, at
             | which point all those risks will have been assessed.
        
               | crummybowley wrote:
               | I stand corrected.
        
         | Blackthorn wrote:
         | A lot of things are dangerous. Some people would be quite
         | willing to accept that risk so they can walk again.
        
         | foobiekr wrote:
         | My mother can no longer walk due to an inoperable bone spur
         | that has destroyed her tendons. She's 75. She's risk death and
         | injury to walk again.
        
         | lsllc wrote:
         | You're not wrong, but if you had some of the tech from the
         | Boston Dynamics robots, you could imagine something smart
         | enough to either retain balance in the first place, or take a
         | forward/backward roll to prevent a more serious injury.
         | 
         | The Father here has done a fantastic job, I'm sure his son is
         | thrilled to be able to take some steps -- also the low-tech
         | tether from above solves the falling problem for the moment
         | which presumably lets him get on with solving other issues.
         | 
         | Well done Dad!
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | invalidusernam3 wrote:
         | Cars are dangerous yet they're ubiquitous. Risk vs reward I
         | guess
        
         | anonAndOn wrote:
         | What if it falls into a pushup stance? In my fitter years, I
         | could dead drop straight into a pushup.
        
         | brodouevencode wrote:
         | The discipline of engineering is littered with catastrophes
         | throughout history - everything from bridge collapses to cars
         | loosing braking power like in the old Buicks from the 50s. Yet
         | we still keep innovating because we know that despite the risks
         | involved the reward could be immeasurable.
         | 
         | Besides, this dad doing it for his son is probably taking more
         | care and precaution than some nameless/faceless engineer.
         | 
         | EDIT: clarity
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | A helmet seems like an easy fix for that.
        
         | ciupicri wrote:
         | Isn't he wearing a helmet?
        
         | throwaway09223 wrote:
         | If you're worried about this, wait until you hear about the
         | parents who give their kids bicycles and skateboards!
        
       | skinkestek wrote:
       | All I can see is another dark pattern in GDPR avoidance (note,
       | doesn't help a bit, this is still illegal since it is opt out
       | instead of opt in and doubly so since it is next to impossible to
       | opt out).
        
       | chris_va wrote:
       | I am not a robotics expert, and I've always wanted to ask one...
       | 
       | Why do these designs always have the actuators mounted directly
       | at the joints?
       | 
       | Why not have some high modulus yarn transfer the joint loads (ala
       | a bike brake cable, say with high modulus aramid?)? One could
       | keep the actuators near the center of mass (or a trolley that
       | follows it around), and keep the suit fairly minimal.
        
         | arpafaucon wrote:
         | Hey ! I am not a robotics expert, but I work at this company
         | (Wandercraft) as software dev, so I know some of the reasons :)
         | First of all I'd say that's because it simpler: we have so much
         | to do that simplicity is a strong decision factor. That way you
         | also reduce the number of moving parts, so maintenance is
         | easier. On the software side you also get the marginal benefit
         | that you keep a 1:1 mapping between joints and actuator (an
         | example with coupled actuators: Cassie, from the Oregon State
         | University). That way you can have different control strategies
         | for the different joints.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jcun4128 wrote:
         | > bike brake cable
         | 
         | Funny you mention that, this guy [1] made an actuator/arm
         | recently doing that technique. Does work but accuracy/flex can
         | be a problem.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahSS5HUylT8
        
           | parsecs wrote:
           | Curious, could one apply fancy control theory and modern
           | computing at the problem and fix most of the accuracy and
           | flex problem? Position feedback with integrated sensors can
           | be very compact and highly accurate, and human muscle seem to
           | also use feedback control for holding position..
        
             | tremon wrote:
             | The human system doesn't use single-muscle feedback for
             | holding position though; it requires flexing both the push
             | and pull muscles and coordinating the strength between
             | them; positional information is relayed not just from the
             | muscles, but the surrounding skin as well.
        
               | TheAdamAndChe wrote:
               | The constant muscle tone is largely to help bones stay in
               | ball-and-socket joints. Presumably, such tone wouldn't be
               | necessary with other kinds of joints.
        
             | aeneasmackenzie wrote:
             | Rather than control theory you can use geometry to reduce
             | the problems with cable driven robots. There are more but I
             | like the Ambidex: https://youtu.be/aLaqMreVj9o
        
       | nobody_nothing wrote:
       | Just want to flag that, in addition to all this fun and exciting
       | new tech for disabilities, we really do just need better basics.
       | 
       | As the partner of a wheelchair user, these exoskeletons are a
       | great toy to have on the horizon - but the promise of this has
       | been around for a long time, and while the hope of a better
       | future is exciting, we need change on a much quicker time scale
       | than this. (Not saying people shouldn't be working on this - it's
       | rad that they are).
       | 
       | On a day-to-day level, my partner would much more benefit from:
       | 
       | - A better wheelchair (this will mean something different for
       | every body - for them, someone who uses a wheelchair for chronic
       | pain, an exoskeleton wouldn't even help - much more useful would
       | be a wheelchair where every bump of pavement doesn't rattle your
       | whole body).
       | 
       | - More accessible shops and public spaces. We don't really get to
       | go out much - most often blockades include cracked sidewalks,
       | friend's houses that require a step (or stairs), and inaccessible
       | shops.
       | 
       | - Better safety nets for those with disabilities (it's VERY
       | expensive to be disabled in America - consider how much more
       | these exoskeletons will cost than already expensive wheelchairs).
       | 
       |  _tl;dr These technologies are exciting and deserve attention and
       | energy - just keep in mind that the notion that these emerging
       | technologies will someday wipe out all of wheelchair users '
       | problems in one fell swoop is both false and does nothing for the
       | many millions prevented from participating in society right now.
       | We need better access today._
        
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